to semantic processing is not as well-developed as in normal adults and therefore the processing is more literal. In this context, anodal tDCS induced an increased activity in a larger network that by competition decreased the natural advantage of a high efficient neural circuit involved with semantic processing, producing a more literal subject such as in autism. Indeed this defocusing effect induced by excitability enhancing anodal tDCS has been shown by other studies [29,30,31]. In summary, the interpretation is different for tDCS and rTMS – whereas 1 Hz rTMS can be compared to a virtual lesion experiment, the results with tDCS need to be seen differently. tDCS should be seen as recruiting alternative areas and therefore decreasing inhibition by direct competition with high-efficient cortical circuits associated with semantic processing. Another potential hypothesis to explain our results is that the decrease in false memories is associated with a decrease in activity in the right temporal lobe [32,33]. However, was this to be case, we would not have expected unilateral left ATL stimulation to induce any significant changes (unless anodal stimulation of the left hemisphere induced a decrease in right hemisphere activity via transcallosal activity). Whilst our explanation for the mechanism of tDCS in reducing false memories is tentative, tDCS has shown itself to be a highly effective method, as seen by the performance increase in 73%, as compared to 36% with rTMS. Gist formation [3] interferes with References 1. Bartlett FC (1932) Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2. Loftus E (2003) Our changeable memories: legal and practical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci 4: 231–234. 3. Schacter DL, Addis DR (2007) Constructive memory: the ghosts of past and future. 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