31. Auger I, Escola JM, Gorvel JP, Roudier J (1996) HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR10 motifs that carry susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis bind 70-kD heat shock proteins. Nature Medicine 2: 306–310. 32. Lunardi C, Marguerite C, Bowness P, Walport MJ, So AK (1991) Reduction of Tcd cell numbers and alteration in subset distribution in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 86: 203–206. 33. Riccieri V, Spadaro A, Parisi G, Taccari E, Moretti T, et al. (2000) Down- regulation of natural killer cells and of cd T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Does it correlate to autoimmunity and to laboratory indices of disease activity? Lupus 9: 333–337. 34. Robak E, Niewiadomska H, Robak T, Bartkowiak J, Blonski JZ, et al. (2001) Lymphocyctes T cd in clinically normal skin and peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their correlation with disease activity. Mediators Inflamm 10: 179–189. 35. Craft J, Peng S, Fujii T, Okada M, Fatenejad S (1999) Autoreactive T cells in murine lupus. Immunol Res 19: 245–257. 36. Yi Y, McNerney M, Datta SK (2001) Regulatory defects in Cbl and mitogen- activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-related kinase) pathways cause persistent hyperexpression of CD40 ligand in human lupus T cells. J Immunol 165: 6627–6634. 37. Watanabe H, Sherris D, Gilkeson GS (1998) Soluble CD16 in the treatment of murine lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88: 91–95. 38. Keir ME, Butte MJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH (2008) PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 26: 677–704. 39. Goulvestre C, Che´reau C, Nicco C, Mouthon L, Weill B, et al. (2005) A mimic of p21WAF1/CIP1 Ameliorates Murine Lupus. J Immunol 175: 6959–6967. 40. Rus V, Nguyen V, Puliaev R, Puliaeva I, Zernetkina V, et al. (2007) T cell TRAIL promotes murine lupus by sustaining effector CD4 Th cell numbers and by inhibiting CD8 CTL activity. J Immunol 178: 3962–3972. 41. Braunschweiler L, Ernst RR (1983) Coherence transfer by isotropic mixing: application to proton correlation spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 53: 521–528. 42. Bax A, Davis DG (1985) MLEV-17 based two-dimensional homonuclear magnetization transfer spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 65: 355–360. 43. Kumar A, Wagner G, Ernst RR, Wu¨thrich K (1981) Buildup rates of the nuclear Overhauser effect measured by two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: implications for studies of protein conformation. J Am Chem Soc 103: 3654–3658. 44. Piotto M, Saudek V, Sklenar V (1992) Gradient-tailored excitation for single- quantum NMR spectroscopy of aqueous solutions. J Biomol NMR 2: 661–666. P140 Peptide in Lupus 45. Sklenar V, Piotto M, Leppik R, Saudek V (1993) Gradient-tailored water suppression for 1H-15N HSQC experiments optimized to retain full sensitivity. J Magn Reson 102A: 241–245. 46. Bartels C, Xia TH, Billeter M, Gu¨ntert P, W u¨thrich K (1995) The program XEASY for computer NMR spectral analysis of biological macromolecules. J Biomol NMR 5: 1–10. 47. Gronenborn AM, Clore GM (1995) Structures of protein complexes by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CRC Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 30: 351–385. 48. Gu¨ntert P, Mumenthaler C, Wu¨thrich K (1997) Torsion Angle Dynamics for NMR structure calculation with the new program DYANA. J Mol Biol 273: 283–298. 49. Nilges M, Clore GM, Gronenborn AM (1988) Determination of three- dimensional structures of proteins from interproton distance data by hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing calculations. FEBS Lett 229: 317–324. 50. Clore GM, Brunger AT, Karplus M, Gronenborn AM (1986) Application of molecular dynamics with interproton distance restraints to three-dimensional protein structure determination: a model study of crambin. J Mol Biol 191: 523–551. 51. Scheek RM, van Gusteren WF, Kaptein R (1989) Molecular dynamics simulation techniques for determination of molecular structures from nuclear magnetic resonance data. Methods Enzymol 177: 204–218. 52. Koradi R, Billeter M, Wu¨ thrich K (1996) MOLMOL: a program for display and analysis of macromolecular structures. J Mol Graphics 14: 51–55. 53. Weiner SJ, Kollman PA, Case DA, Singh UC, Ghio C, et al. (1984) A new force field for molecular mechanical simulation of nucleic acids and proteins. J Am Chem Soc 106: 765–784. 54. Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Krust B, Guichard G, Blanco J, et al. (1997) Pseudopeptide TASP inhibitors of HIV infection block viral entry by binding to a 95-kDa surface protein. J Biol Chem 272: 7159–7166. 55. Nisole S, Krust B, Callebaut C, Guichard G, Muller S, et al. (1999) The anti- HIV pseudopeptide HB-19 forms a complex with the cell-surface-expressed nucleolin independent of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 274: 27875–27884. 56. Fournel S, Wieckowski S, Sun W, Trouche N, Dumortier H, et al. (2005) C3- symmetric peptide scaffolds are functional mimetics of trimeric CD40L. Nat Chem Biol 1: 377–382. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 13 April 2009 | Volume 4 | Issue 4 | e5273