103. Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA (2007) The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 7: 862–874. 104. Matova N, Anderson KV (2006) Rel/NF-kappaB double mutants reveal that cellular immunity is central to Drosophila host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 16424–16429. 105. Tanaka H, Yamamoto M, Moriyama Y, Yamao M, Furukawa S, et al. (2005) A novel Rel protein and shortened isoform that differentially regulate antibacterial peptide genes in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Biochim Biophys Acta 1730: 10–21. 106. O’Shea JJ, Gadina M, Schreiber RD (2002) Cytokine signaling in 2002: new surprises in the Jak/Stat pathway. Cell 109 Suppl: S121–131. 107. Luo H, Dearolf CR (2001) The JAK/STAT pathway and Drosophila development. Bioessays 23: 1138–1147. 108. Pourquie O (2003) The segmentation clock: converting embryonic time into spatial pattern. Science 301: 328–330. 109. Grace MJ, Cutler D (2004) Pegylating IFNs at his-34 improves the in vitro antiviral activity through the JAK/STAT pathway. Antivir Chem Chemother 15: 287–297. B. mori Host Response to Bb 110. Chaudhuri A, Yang B, Gendelman HE, Persidsky Y, Kanmogne GD (2008) STAT1 signaling modulates HIV-1-induced inflammatory responses and leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier. Blood 111: 2062–2072. 111. Moran NA, Degnan PH (2006) Functional genomics of Buchnera and the ecology of aphid hosts. Mol Ecol 15: 1251–1261. 112. Borghetti P, Saleri R, Mocchegiani E, Corradi A, Martelli P (2009) Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 113. Christensen BM, Li J, Chen CC, Nappi AJ (2005) Melanization immune responses in mosquito vectors. Trends Parasitol 21: 192–199. 114. Ashok Y (2009) Drosophila toll pathway: the new model. Sci Signal 2: jc1. 115. Edwards JF, Higgs S, Beaty BJ (1998) Mosquito feeding-induced enhancement of Cache Valley Virus (Bunyaviridae) infection in mice. J Med Entomol 35: 261–265. 116. Wang F, Yang LR, Tang XD, Mo JC, Yang WJ, et al. (2006) The translational and transcriptional initiation sites of BmNPV lef-7 gene. Virus Genes 33: 351–357. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 18 December 2009 | Volume 4 | Issue 12 | e8098