Western Blot- Total protein was extracted from spleen of NOD mice treated either with DMSO or AG490 using RIPA lysis and extraction buffer containing Halt Protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Scientific). The following primary antibodies were used in this study: anti- mouse CD140b (PDGFRb), anti- mouse CD117 (c-kit) from eBioscience, and anti-mouse Abe and EGFR (BD Bioscience), anti-phosphoPPARc antibody (Millipore, Billerica), anti PPARc antibody (R & D Systems), and HRP conjugated antibodies (Sigma) with ECL detection kit (Millipore) were used for signal detection. Statistical analysis All analyses for statistical significance were performed using Prism 5.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc, La Jolla, CA). The t- tests used for comparison of the mean for two groups and statistical comparison among different groups were performed using one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s and/or Dunnett’s post correction test for multiple comparisons, and/or for comparison with a control group, respectively. The Real-Time data (RQ values, fold change) was calculated using integrated SDS software, V1.4.0 (Applied Biosystems) and as described elsewhere [62]. The DCt for each treated samples was compared with the mean DCt of control samples (unstimulated) using the relative quantitation 22(DDCt) method as described elsewhere [62]. In vivo data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Supporting Information Figure S1 The effects of AG490 on members of the Jak- Stat in the pancreas. 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The age of disease onset, blood glucose level at disease onset and the mean of blood glucose level after treatment and also total number of AG490 injections are shown. Bold cases represent NOD mouse in which AG490 was effective and successfully established euglyce- mia (n = 7). * = Represents the mean of the blood glucose level and standard deviation of the mean in NOD mice from two weeks post diabetes onset till the end of the therapy is shown (week 21). (DOCX) Table S2 The mouse immune response genes to AG490 treatment. Female NOD mice were treated with AG490 or DMSO 3x/week for 5 consecutive weeks and then they were sacrificed one week after the last injection at week 10. Total RNA of purified CD4+ T-cells of splenocytes of treated mice and controls were pooled together and then subjected to real-time RT PCR using the mouse immune response genes array (Applied Biosystems) following manufacturer’s instructions. 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