21. Van der Goes A, Wouters D, Van Der Pol SM, Huizinga R, Ronken E, et al. (2001) Reactive oxygen species enhance the migration of monocytes across the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Faseb J 15: 1852–1854. 22. Gu Y, Xu YC, Wu RF, Souza RF, Nwariaku FE, et al. (2002) TNFalpha activates c-Jun amino terminal kinase through p47(phox). Exp Cell Res 272: 62–74. 23. Folz RJ, Abushamaa AM, Suliman HB (1999) Extracellular superoxide dismutase in the airways of transgenic mice reduces inflammation and attenuates lung toxicity following hyperoxia. J Clin Invest 103: 1055–1066. 24. Laukkanen MO, Leppanen P, Turunen P, Tuomisto T, Naarala J, et al. (2001) EC-SOD gene therapy reduces paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. J Gene Med 3: 321–325. 25. Laukkanen MO, Kivela A, Rissanen T, Rutanen J, Karkkainen MK, et al. (2002) Adenovirus-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase gene therapy reduces neointima formation in balloon-denuded rabbit aorta. Circulation 106: 1999–2003. 26. Brasen JH, Leppanen O, Inkala M, Heikura T, Levin M, et al. (2007) Extracellular superoxide dismutase accelerates endothelial recovery and inhibits in-stent restenosis in stented atherosclerotic Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 2249–2253. 27. Laurila JP, Castellone MD, Curcio A, Laatikainen LE, Haaparanta-Solin M, et al. (2009) Extracellular superoxide dismutase is a growth regulatory mediator of tissue injury recovery. Mol Ther 17: 448–454. 28. Merinen M, Irjala H, Salmi M, Jaakkola I, Hanninen A, et al. (2005) Vascular adhesion protein-1 is involved in both acute and chronic inflammation in the mouse. Am J Pathol 166: 793–800. 29. Paterson IS, Klausner JM, Goldman G, Kobzik L, Welbourn R, et al. (1989) Thromboxane mediates the ischemia-induced neutrophil oxidative burst. Surgery 106: 224–229. 30. Seekamp A, Ward PA (1993) Ischemia-reperfusion injury. Agents Actions Suppl 41: 137–152. 31. Laukkanen MO, Lehtolainen P, Turunen P, Aittomaki S, Oikari P, et al. (2000) Rabbit extracellular superoxide dismutase: expression and effect on LDL oxidation. Gene 254: 173–179. 32. Kozarsky KF, Wilson JM (1993) Gene therapy: adenovirus vectors. Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 499–503. 33. Fan J, Frey RS, Rahman A, Malik AB (2002) Role of neutrophil NADPH oxidase in the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -induced NF-kappa B activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 277: 3404–3411. 34. Gordon S (2003) Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 3: 23–35. 35. Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Juers D, Davatelis G, Yurt RW, et al. (1989) Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 612–616. 36. Ward PA, Warren JS, Johnson KJ (1988) Oxygen radicals, inflammation, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 5: 403–408. 37. Jolly SR, Kane WJ, Hook BG, Abrams GD, Kunkel SL, et al. (1986) Reduction of myocardial infarct size by neutrophil depletion: effect of duration of occlusion. Am Heart J 112: 682–690. 38. Korthuis RJ, Grisham MB, Granger DN (1988) Leukocyte depletion attenuates vascular injury in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 254: H823–827. 39. Paoni NF, Peale F, Wang F, Errett-Baroncini C, Steinmetz H, et al. (2002) Time course of skeletal muscle repair and gene expression following acute hind limb ischemia in mice. Physiol Genomics 11: 263–272. 40. Stabile E, Kinnaird T, la Sala A, Hanson SK, Watkins C, et al. (2006) CD8+ T lymphocytes regulate the arteriogenic response to ischemia by infiltrating the site of collateral vessel development and recruiting CD4+ mononuclear cells through the expression of interleukin-16. Circulation 113: 118–124. 41. Yang Z, Day YJ, Toufektsian MC, Xu Y, Ramos SI, et al. (2006) Myocardial infarct-sparing effect of adenosine A2A receptor activation is due to its action on CD4+ T lymphocytes. Circulation 114: 2056–2064. 42. Necela BM, Cidlowski JA (2004) Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor action in noninflammatory and inflammatory cells. Proc Am Thorac Soc 1: 239–246. 43. Denk A, Goebeler M, Schmid S, Berberich I, Ritz O, et al. (2001) Activation of NF-kappa B via the Ikappa B kinase complex is both essential and sufficient for proinflammatory gene expression in primary endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 276: 28451–28458. 44. Wrighton CJ, Hofer-Warbinek R, Moll T, Eytner R, Bach FH, et al. (1996) Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirus-mediated expression of I SOD3 Derived Cell Migration kappa B alpha, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. J Exp Med 183: 1013–1022. 45. Sica A, Wang JM, Colotta F, Dejana E, Mantovani A, et al. (1990) Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor gene expression induced in endothelial cells by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol 144: 3034–3038. 46. Lu B, Rutledge BJ, Gu L, Fiorillo J, Lukacs NW, et al. (1998) Abnormalities in monocyte recruitment and cytokine expression in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-deficient mice. J Exp Med 187: 601–608. 47. Entman ML, Youker K, Shoji T, Kukielka G, Shappell SB, et al. (1992) Neutrophil induced oxidative injury of cardiac myocytes. A compartmented system requiring CD11b/CD18-ICAM-1 adherence. J Clin Invest 90: 1335–1345. 48. Nian M, Lee P, Khaper N, Liu P (2004) Inflammatory cytokines and postmyocardial infarction remodeling. Circ Res 94: 1543–1553. 49. Cailhier JF, Partolina M, Vuthoori S, Wu S, Ko K, et al. (2005) Conditional macrophage ablation demonstrates that resident macrophages initiate acute peritoneal inflammation. J Immunol 174: 2336–2342. 50. Getting SJ, Flower RJ, Perretti M (1997) Inhibition of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by endogenous and exogenous lipocortin 1. Br J Pharmacol 120: 1075–1082. 51. Azevedo LC, Pedro MA, Souza LC, de Souza HP, Janiszewski M, et al. (2000) Oxidative stress as a signaling mechanism of the vascular response to injury: the redox hypothesis of restenosis. Cardiovasc Res 47: 436–445. 52. Hayashi T, Yamashita C, Matsumoto C, Kwak CJ, Fujii K, et al. (2008) Role of gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase in left ventricular remodeling induced by intermittent hypoxic stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294: H2197–2203. 53. Lorne E, Zmijewski JW, Zhao X, Liu G, Tsuruta Y, et al. (2008) Role of extracellular superoxide in neutrophil activation: interactions between xanthine oxidase and TLR4 induce proinflammatory cytokine production. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C985–993. 54. He SQ, Zhang YH, Venugopal SK, Dicus CW, Perez RV, et al. (2006) Delivery of antioxidative enzyme genes protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice. Liver Transpl 12: 1869–1879. 55. Shakhov AN, Collart MA, Vassalli P, Nedospasov SA, Jongeneel CV (1990) Kappa B-type enhancers are involved in lipopolysaccharide-mediated transcrip- tional activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene in primary macrophages. J Exp Med 171: 35–47. 56. Collart MA, Baeuerle P, Vassalli P (1990) Regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription in macrophages: involvement of four kappa B-like motifs and of constitutive and inducible forms of NF-kappa B. Mol Cell Biol 10: 1498–1506. 57. Mori N, Prager D (1996) Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins. Blood 87: 3410–3417. 58. Libermann TA, Baltimore D (1990) Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol 10: 2327–2334. 59. Shimizu H, Mitomo K, Watanabe T, Okamoto S, Yamamoto K (1990) Involvement of a NF-kappa B-like transcription factor in the activation of the interleukin-6 gene by inflammatory lymphokines. Mol Cell Biol 10: 561–568. 60. Widmer U, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Sherry B (1993) Genomic cloning and promoter analysis of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta, members of the chemokine superfamily of proinflammatory cytokines. J Immunol 150: 4996–5012. 61. Ueda A, Ishigatsubo Y, Okubo T, Yoshimura T (1997) Transcriptional regulation of the human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene. Coopera- tion of two NF-kappaB sites and NF-kappaB/Rel subunit specificity. J Biol Chem 272: 31092–31099. 62. Patel SS, Thiagarajan R, Willerson JT, Yeh ET (1998) Inhibition of alpha4 integrin and ICAM-1 markedly attenuate macrophage homing to atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice. Circulation 97: 75–81. 63. Ramos CL, Huo Y, Jung U, Ghosh S, Manka DR, et al. (1999) Direct demonstration of P-selectin- and VCAM-1-dependent mononuclear cell rolling in early atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circ Res 84: 1237–1244. 64. Evans N (1994) Cardiovascular effects of dexamethasone in the preterm infant. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 70: F25–30. 65. Bal MP, de Vries WB, van Oosterhout MF, Baan J, van der Wall EE, et al. (2008) Long-term cardiovascular effects of neonatal dexamethasone treatment: hemodynamic follow-up by left ventricular pressure-volume loops in rats. J Appl Physiol 104: 446–450. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 8 June 2009 | Volume 4 | Issue 6 | e5786