PINK1 Deficiency Figure 5. Mitochondrial abnormalities in PINK1 deficient neurons. A) PINK deficiency leads to a reduced basal mitochondrial membrane potential (ym) in young PINK1 kd neurons compared to controls, analysed using TMRM fluorescence. Values are mean percentages of the control cultures (normalised to 100%) from three independent experiments. B) Histogram showing increased uptake of the redox sensitive dye MitotrackerRed in human PINK1 kd neuronal cultures compared to controls at early and later time points. Values represent means6sem of 3 control or three PINK1 kd cultures (measured in triplicate). C) Histogram showing increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in aged (d30) PINK1 kd human neurons compared to controls. Values represent means6sem from three independent cultures. D) Western blot showing expression of mitochondrial PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 10 June 2008 | Volume 3 | Issue 6 | e2455