44. Woo SM, Kim J, Han HW, Chae JI, Son MY, et al. (2009) Notch signaling is required for maintaining stem-cell features of neuroprogenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. BMC Neurosci 10: 97. 45. Borghese L, Dolezalova D, Opitz T, Haupt S, Leinhaas A, et al. (2010) Inhibition of notch signaling in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells delays G1/S phase transition and accelerates neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells 28: 955–964. 46. Kageyama R, Ohtsuka T, Hatakeyama J, Ohsawa R (2005) Roles of bHLH genes in neural stem cell differentiation. Exp Cell Res 306: 343–348. 47. Chiba S (2006) Notch signaling in stem cell systems. Stem Cells 24: 2437–2447. 48. Grandbarbe L, Bouissac J, Rand M, Hrabe de Angelis M, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, et al. (2003) Delta-Notch signaling controls the generation of neurons/glia from neural stem cells in a stepwise process. Development 130: 1391–1402. 49. Rolls A, Shechter R, London A, Ziv Y, Ronen A, et al. (2007) Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 9: 1081–1088. 50. Lathia JD, Okun E, Tang SC, Griffioen K, Cheng A, et al. (2008) Toll-like receptor 3 is a negative regulator of embryonic neural progenitor cell proliferation. J Neurosci 28: 13978–13984. 51. Covacu R, Arvidsson L, Andersson A, Khademi M, Erlandsson-Harris H, et al. (2009) TLR activation induces TNF-alpha production from adult neural stem/ progenitor cells. J Immunol 182: 6889–6895. 52. Roth J, Lentze MJ, Berger EG (1985) Immunocytochemical demonstration of ecto-galactosyltransferase in absorptive intestinal cells. J Cell Biol 100: 118–125. 53. Zhu X, Jiang J, Shen H, Wang H, Zong H, et al. (2005) Elevated beta1,4- galactosyltransferase I in highly metastatic human lung cancer cells. Identifica- Gene Expression Analysis of hESC Differentiation tion of E1AF as important transcription activator. J Biol Chem 280: 12503–12516. 54. Xu YH, Barnes S, Sun Y, Grabowski GA (2010) Multi-system disorders of glycosphingolipid and ganglioside metabolism. J Lipid Res. 55. Cau E, Blader P (2009) Notch activity in the nervous system: to switch or not switch? Neural Dev 4: 36. 56. Imayoshi I, Sakamoto M, Yamaguchi M, Mori K, Kageyama R (2010) Essential roles of notch signaling in maintenance of neural stem cells in developing and adult brains. J Neurosci 30: 3489–3498. 57. Yu X, Zou J, Ye Z, Hammond H, Chen G, et al. (2008) Notch signaling activation in human embryonic stem cells is required for embryonic, but not trophoblastic, lineage commitment. Cell Stem Cell 2: 461–471. 58. Jurga M, Buzanska L, Malecki M, Habich A, Domanska-Janik K (2006) Function of ID1 protein in human cord blood-derived neural stem-like cells. J Neurosci Res 84: 993–1002. 59. Kee Y, Bronner-Fraser M (2005) To proliferate or to die: role of Id3 in cell cycle progression and survival of neural crest progenitors. Genes Dev 19: 744–755. 60. Martinsen BJ, Bronner-Fraser M (1998) Neural crest specification regulated by the helix-loop-helix repressor Id2. Science 281: 988–991. 61. Chung S, Leung A, Han BS, Chang MY, Moon JI, et al. (2009) Wnt1-lmx1a forms a novel autoregulatory loop and controls midbrain dopaminergic differentiation synergistically with the SHH-FoxA2 pathway. Cell Stem Cell 5: 646–658. 62. Helin K, Wu CL, Fattaey AR, Lees JA, Dynlacht BD, et al. (1993) Heterodimerization of the transcription factors E2F-1 and DP-1 leads to cooperative trans-activation. Genes Dev 7: 1850–1861. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 13 July 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 7 | e22856