Yin et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:612 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/612 Page 12 of 18 Figure 5 Effects of [BF/S+L/Ep] treatment on the trafficking activity of DCs. A, Two million BMDCs treated with DMSO (a-c), [BF/S+L/Ep] (d-f) and LPS (g-i) were labeled with green fluorescence dye and injected into allogeneic mice. Tissues of control BALB/c mice which were injected with DCs without fluorescence dye staining did not show significant green fluorescence spots, while the auto-fluorescence background was rather low (j-l). After 24 h mice were sacrificed and DC mobility compared by detecting DCs with green fluorescence in peripheral lymph nodes (a, d, g and j), spleen (b, e, h and k) and liver (c, f, I and l). Insets (d, e, g and h) show digitally amplified magnifications of treated DCs exhibiting different cellular behaviors in tissue trafficking and different levels in fluorescent intensity. Samples of liver tissue were detected as negative for fluorescence staining of DCs throughout the observation period. implying that future translation of experimental findings or results from animal models into human application need to be carefully addressed and considered with mul- tiple references. Immature DCs migrate from the blood to other tis- sues where they take up and process target antigens. Such DCs then subsequently migrate to the draining lymphoid tissues, resulting in the priming of naïve T cells following antigen presentation. During their migra- tion, DCs are known to be involved in several adhesion or cognition events. For instance, E-cadherin, which is uniquely expressed by Langerhans DCs (LCs), permits