Ge et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:456 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/456 18. Galán JE: Molecular genetic bases of Salmonella entry into host cells. Mol Microbiol 1996, 20:263-271. 19. Wallis TS, Galyov EE: Molecular basis of Salmonella-induced enteritis. Mol Microbiol 2000, 36:997-1005. 20. Cirillo DM, Valdivia RH, Monack DM, Falkow S: Macrophage-dependent induction of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system and its role in intracellular survival. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30:175-188. 21. Hensel M, Shea JE, Waterman SR, Mundy R, Nikolaus T, Banks G, Gleeson C, Fang FC, Holden DW: Genes encoding putative effector proteinsof the type III secretion systems of Salmonella pathogenicity islands 2 are required for bacterialvirulence and proliferation in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30:163-174. 22. Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR: HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004, 17:348-369. 23. Feltkamp TEW: Factors involved in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1995, 24(Suppl 101):213-217. 24. Rohekar S, Tsui FW, Tsui HW, Xi N, Riarh R, Bilotta R, Inman RD: Symptomatic acute reactive arthritis after an outbreak of salmonella. J Rheumatol 2008, 35:1599-1602. 25. Mäki-Ikola O, Granfors K: Salmonella-triggered reactive arthiritis. Lancet 1992, 339:1096-1098. 26. Granfors K, Merilahti-Palo R, Luukkainen R, Möttönen T, Lahesmaa R, et al: Persistence of Yersinia antigens in peripheral blood cells from patients with Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 infection with or without reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998, 41:855-862. 27. Granfors K, Jalkanen S, Mäki-Ikola O, Lahesmaa-Rantala R, Saario R, et al: Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in synovial cells from patients with reactive arthritis. Lancet 1990, 335:685-688. 28. Granfors K, Jalkanen S, von Essen R, Lahesmaa-Rantala R, Isomaki O, et al: Yersinia antigens in synovial-fluid from patients with reactive arthritis. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:216-221. 29. Kapasi K, Inman RD: HLA-B27 expression modulates gram-negative bacterial invasion into transfected L cells. J Immunol 1992, 148:3554-3559. 30. Virtala M, Kirveskari J, Granfors K: HLA-B27 modulates the survival of Salmonella enteritidis in transfected L cells, possibly by impaired nitric oxide production. Infect Immun 1997, 65:4236-4242. 31. Saarinen M, Ekman P, Ikeda M, Virtala M, Grönberg A, et al: Invasion of Salmonella into human intestinal epithelial cells is modulated by HLA- B27. Rheumatology 2002, 41:651-657. 32. Penttinen MA, Heiskanen KM, Mohapatra R, DeLay ML, Colbert RA, et al: Enhanced intracellular replication of Salmonella Enteritidis in HLA-B27- expressing human monocytic cells: dependency on glutamic acid 45 in the B pocket of HLA-B27. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:2255-2263. 33. Sahlberg A, Penttinen MA, Keiskanen KM, Colbert RA, Sistonen L, et al: Evidence that the p38 MAP kinase pathway is dysregualted in HLA-B27- expressing human monocytic cells: correlation with HLA-B27 misfolding. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:2652-2662. 34. Laitio P, Virtala M, Salmi M, Pelliniemi LJ, Yu DT, et al: HLA-B27 modulates intracellular survival of Salmonella enteritidis in human monocytic cells. Eur J Immunol 1997, 27:1331-1338. 35. Buchmeier NA, Heffron F: Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages. Science 1990, 248:730-732. 36. Karavolos MH, Bulmer DM, Thompson A, Winzer K, Williams P, Hinton JC, Khan CM: Adrenaline modulates the global transcriptional profiles of Salmonella revealing a role in the antimicrobial peptide and oxidative stress resistance responses. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:458-471. 37. Ikawa T, Ikeda M, Yamaguchi A, Tsai WC, Tamura N, et al: Expression of arthritis-causing HLA-B27 on Hela cells promotes induction of c-fos in response to in vitro invasion by Salmonella typhimurium. J Clin Invest 1998, 101:263-272. 38. Vazquez-Torres A, Xu Y, Jones-Carson J, Holden DW, Lucia SM, et al: Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-dependent evasion of the phagocyte NADHP oxidase. Science 2000, 287:1655-1658. 39. Vazquez-Torres A, Fang FC: Salmonella evasion of the NADPH phagocyte oxidase. Microbes Infect 2001, 3:1313-1320. 40. Babior BM: The respiratory burst oxidase. Curr Opin Hematol 1995, 2:55-60. 41. Mouy R, Fischer A, Vilmer E, Seger R, Griscelli C: Incidence, severity, and prevention of infections in chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 1989, 114:555-560. Page 12 of 13 42. Shiloh MU, MacMicking JD, Nicholson S, Brause JE, Potter S, et al: Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunity 1999, 10:29-38. 43. Brumell JH, Rosenberger CM, Gotto GT, Marcus SL, Finlay BB: SifA permits survival and replication of Salmonella typhimurium in murine macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2001, 3:75-84. 44. Garcia-del Portillo F, Zwick MB, Leung KY, Finlay BB: Salmonella induces the formation of filamentous structures containing lysosomal membrane glycoproteins in epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90:10544-10548. 45. Knodler LA, Steele-Mortimer O: Taking possession: biogenesis of the Salmonella-containing vacuole. Traffic 2003, 4:587-599. 46. Méresse S, Unsworth KE, Habermann A, Griffiths G, Fang FC, et al: Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for replication of intravacuolar Salmonella. Cell Microbiol 2001, 3:567-577. 47. Eriksson S, Björkman J, Borg S, Syk A, Pettersson S, Andersson DI, Rhen M: Salmonella typhimurium mutants that downregulate phagocyte nitric oxide production. Cell Microbiol 2000, 2:239-250. 48. Ekman P, Saarinen M, He Q, Virtala M, Salmi M, Granfors K: Human mnocytic U937 cells kill Salmonella in vitro by NO-independent mechanism. Infect Immun 1999, 67:3670-3673. 49. Burgers PM, Kornberg A, Sakakibara Y: The dnaN gene codes for the b subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981, 78:5391-5395. 50. Lancy ED, Lifsics MR, Munson P, Maurer R: Nucleotide sequences of dnaE, the gene for the polymerase subunit of DNA polymerase III in Salmonella typhimurium, and a variant that facilitates growth in the absence of another polymerase subunit. J Bacteriol 1989, 171:5581-5586. 51. Rudd KE, Menzel R: his operons of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are regulated by DNA supercoiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84:517-521. 52. Eriksson S, Lucchini S, Thompson A, Rhen M, Hinton JCD: Unravelling the biology of macrophage infection by gene expression profiling of intracellular Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 2003, 47:103-118. 53. Garcia-del Protillo F: Salmonella intracellular proliferation: where, when and how? Microbes infect 3:1305-1311. 54. Reitzer LJ, Magasanil B: Asparagine synthetases of Klebsiella aerogenes: properties and regulation of synthesis. J Bacteriol 1982, 151:1299-1313. 55. Boyce JD, Wilkie I, Harper M, Paustian ML, Kapur V, et al: Genomic scale analysis of Pasteurella multocida gene expression during growth within the natural chicken host. Infect Immun 2002, 70:6871-6879. 56. Smith RL, Kaczmarek MT, Kucharski LM, Maguire ME: Magnesuim transport in Salmonella typhimurium: regulation of mgtA and mgtCB during invasion of epithelial and macrophage cells. Microbiology 1998, 144:1835-1843. 57. Snavely MD, Miller CG, Maguire ME: The mgtB Mg2+ transport locus of Salmonella typhimurium encodes a P-type ATPase. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:815-823. 58. Blanc-Potard AB, Groisman EA: The Salmonella selC locus contains a pathogenicity island mediating intramacrophage survival. EMBO J 1997, 16:5376-5385. 59. Maloney KE, Valvano MA: The mgtC gene of Burkholderia cenocepacia is required for growth under magnesium limitation conditions and intracellular survival in macrophages. Infect Immun 2006, 74:5477-5486. 60. Deiwick J, Nikolaus T, Erdogan S, Hensel M: Environmental regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 gene expression. Mol Micobiol 1999, 31:1759-1773. 61. Buchmeier NA, Heffron F: Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages. Science 1990, 248:730-732. 62. Fields PI, Swanson RV, Haidaris CG, Heffron F: Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:5189-5193. 63. Ohl ME, Miller SI: Salmonella: a model for bacterial pathogenesis. Annu Rev Med 2001, 52:259-274. 64. Hautefort I, Thompson A, Eriksson-Ygberg S, Parker ML, Lucchini S, Danino V, Bongaerts RJ, Ahmad N, Rhen M, Hinton JC: During infection of epithelial cells Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium undergoes a time-dependent transcriptional adaptation that results in simultaneous expression of three type 3 secretion systems. Cell Microbiol 2008, 10:958-984.