BMC Public Health 2007, 7:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/352 Table 4: Estimates of the impact of program exposure on the odds of ever having used a condom, male sample OR (95% CI) Total Radio TV "Maximum" sources Exposure Total Radio programs TV programs "Maximum" sources Age Religion (ref: Protestant) Catholic Other Residence (ref: rural) Capital Other urban Education (ref: No formal education) Primary Secondary & higher Number of partners past 12 months Perceived AIDS risk (ref: None) Small Moderate High + has AIDS Wants child in next 2 years Last partner was casual Constant ORD Pseudo-R2 1.159*** (1.104 – 1.216) 1.245*** (1.164 – 1.331) 1.141** (1.040 – 1.251) 1.475*** (1.329 – 1.637) 0.963*** (0.954 – 0.973) 0.962*** (0.952 – 0.971) 0.966*** (0.957 – 0.975) 0.969*** (0.959 – 0.978) * * * * 0.764* (0.604 – 0.967) 0.755* (0.596 – 0.955) 0.788* (0.624 – 0.995) 0.769* (0.607 – 0.974) 0.606 (0.353 – 1.040) 0.600 (0.350 – 1.030) 0.608 (0.357 – 1.037) 0.613 (0.358 – 1.051) ** *** *** *** 1.775** (1.200 – 2.626) 2.171*** (1.485 – 3.174) 1.921** (1.284 – 2.876) 1.782** (1.209 – 2.627) 1.365* (1.051 – 1.774) 1.580*** (1.228 – 2.032) 1.486** (1.132 – 1.949) 1.525** (1.183 – 1.966) *** *** *** *** 1.644* (1.015 – 2.662) 1.605 (0.988 – 2.608) 1.787* (1.109 – 2.878) 1.606 (0.989 – 2.607) 3.030*** (1.829 – 5.019) 3.125*** (1.886 – 5.177) 3.655*** (2.222 – 6.010) 2.952*** (1.781 – 4.892) 2.412*** (2.029 – 2.867) 2.407*** (2.026 – 2.861) 2.402*** (2.023 – 2.852) 2.387*** (2.007 – 2.837) 1.219 (0.924 – 1.607) 1.224 (0.910 – 1.648) 1.054 (0.815 – 1.363) 1.365** (1.092 – 1.706) 1.191 (0.846 – 1.676) 0.306*** (0.168 – 0.558) 1.259 (0.955 – 1.661) 1.211 (0.920 – 1.593) 1.185 (0.897 – 1.566) 1.228 (0.912 – 1.654) 1.197 (0.891 – 1.609) 1.193 (0.884 – 1.611) 1.052 (0.813 – 1.360) 1.087 (0.843 – 1.403) 1.084 (0.838 – 1.402) 1.331* (1.064 – 1.663) 1.345** (1.078 – 1.680) 1.337* (1.069 – 1.672) 1.196 (0.850 – 1.685) 1.132 (0.807 – 1.588) 1.165 (0.826 – 1.643) 0.304*** (0.166 – 0.554) 0.325*** (0.180 – 0.589) 0.229*** (0.124 – 0.422) 2.42 14.7%*** 2.40 14.9%*** 1.49 13.6%*** 3.21 15.4%*** Significance: *: p < 0.050; **: p < 0.010; ***: p < 0.001 had a very strong positive effect on male respondents' ever use of condoms (OR = 1.48). nificant impact on the likelihood that women used a condom in last intercourse. The interdecile odds ratios for radio and television dramas show that men with the highest levels of exposure are 2.4 and 1.5 times more likely, respectively, than those with the lowest levels of exposure to have ever used a condom. Males with the highest levels of exposure to messages about Maximum brand condoms are 3.2 times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have tried condoms (ORD = 3.21). The likelihood that males have ever used condoms decreases with age, and is lower for males who are not Protestants. The likelihood increases with level of urbani- zation, education, and the number of sexual partners. Contrary to women, ever use of condoms is higher among males who wish to have a child in the next two years. Per- ceived AIDS risk, and type of last sexual partner, did not have an effect on males' ever use of condoms. Effect on condom use in last intercourse Table 5 shows that exposure to radio or television pro- grams about family planning and HIV/AIDS had no sig- Again older women were less likely to have used a con- dom during their last intercourse than younger women. Religion had no discernable effect on the likelihood of having used a condom in last intercourse. Women living in the capital were slightly more likely than rural women to have used a condom at their last sexual intercourse. Women's level of education and number of sexual part- ners increased the likelihood that they used a condom in last intercourse, while perceived HIV/AIDS risk and the desire to have a child in the next two years decreased this likelihood. Table 6 shows the effect of exposure to social marketing and health communication programs on the likelihood that males used a condom in last intercourse. Unlike the case for females, the results show that exposure to such programs had a significant positive effect on condom use in last intercourse (OR = 1.10). Exposure to radio pro- grams on family planning and HIV/AIDS had a significant positive effect (OR = 1.16), but exposure to television pro- grams on such topics had no significant effect. Exposure to messages for the socially marketed Maximum brand con- Page 8 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes)