Nakkash et al. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:315 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/315 29. Unger JB, Chen X: The role of social networks and media receptivity in predicting age of smoking initiation: a proportional hazards model of risk and protective factors. Addict Behav 1999, 24(3):371-381. 30. Gilpin EA, White MM, Messer K, Pierce JP: Receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions among young adolescents as a predictor of established smoking in young adulthood. Am J Public Health 2007, 97(8):1489-1495. 31. Briaud F: Hookah bars in Paris fight smoking ban. New York times; 2008 [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24iht- hookah.4.12317849.html?_r=1]. 32. Nakkash R, Khalil J: Health warning labeling practices on narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. Tob Control 2010, 19:235-239. Pre-publication history The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/315/prepub doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-315 Cite this article as: Nakkash et al.: The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: A qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers. BMC Public Health 2011 11:315. Page 9 of 9 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color ﬁgure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit