BMC Cancer 2002, 2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/2/26 Table 2: Risk of malignant tumours in men up to age 99 after a histopathological verified diagnosis of gynecomastia 1970–79. Follow up time includes 1970–1999 (8375.2 years). The cohort consists of 446 men. 95% Confidence interval Diagnosis 140–209 140 141_3_4 142 145–148 150 151 153 154 1550 1551–1559 157 160 161 1620–1621 1622 170 177 178 180 181 190 191 193 194 196–197 200+202 201 203 Acute leukemia 204.1 205.1 208 All malignant tumours Lip Oral cavity Parotid glands Pharynx, hypopharynx Esophagus Stomach Colon Rectum Liver and intrahepatic ducts Gallblader & bile ducts Pancreas Nasal cavities & sinus Larynx Trachea & lung Mesothelioma Male breast cancer Prostate Testicle Kidney Urinary bl,.urinary tc. Melanoma Skin excl melanoma Brain & nervous system Thyroid Bone & soft tissue Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's disease Multiple myeloma Chr. lymph. leukemia Chr myeloid leukemia Polycythemia vera OBS 68 1 0 0 0 3 3 7 0 1 1 1 0 0 6 0 0 16 3 1 1 0 13 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 EXP 66.07 0.70 0.51 0.19 0.42 0.78 4.09 5.43 3.57 0.94 0.67 1.95 0.13 0.65 6.31 0.31 0.09 16.21 0.52 2.18 4.85 1.73 4.06 1.71 0.30 0.49 1.96 0.28 0.90 0.54 0.74 0.18 0.17 SIR 1.03 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82 0.73 1.29 0.00 1.06 1.50 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.99 5.82 0.46 0.21 0.00 3.21 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.00 1.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.15 0.52 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.56 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.71 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 7.97 7.18 19.71 8.69 11.17 2.15 2.66 1.03 5.90 8.34 2.86 27.71 5.67 2.07 12.04 42.96 1.60 17.00 2.55 1.15 2.1 5.48 3.26 12.43 7.59 2.84 12.97 4.11 10.38 4.98 20.83 21.67 noma of the skin versus 4.06 expected, SIR = 3.21, (95%CI 1.71–5.48). Three men developed esophageal cancer ver- sus 0.78 expected, giving a SIR of 3.82, (95% CI 0.79– 11.17), which does not reach the defined significance lev- el. The risk for prostate carcinoma was unaltered and no- body developed breast cancer during the follow-up. A decreased risk was observed for rectal carcinoma 0 cases versus 3.57 expected, SIR = 0.00 (95%CI 0.00–1.03). In table, 3 the SIRs for all malignancies and separately for testicular, esophageal and squamous skin cancer are pre- sented in relation to the time interval since diagnosis of gynecomastia. No increased risk for any malignancy was seen within the first two years following gynecomastia di- agnosis. An increased risk was seen for testicular cancer, esophageal cancer and skin cancer after two years of fol- low up. Whilst the risk of skin and esophageal cancer in- creased with longer follow up, the risk for testicular cancer remained the same. In table 4 the SIRs for testicular, esophageal and squa- mous skin cancer are shown associated with the age at di- agnosis and age during follow. The risk for testicular cancer was significantly increased only in men with gyne- comastia diagnosed before the age of 50 years and with follow up to the age of 50 years; SIR = 6.71(95%CI 1.38– 19.60). The risk for esophageal cancer was significantly in- creased in men with gynecomastia diagnosed above 50 years of age, SIR = 4.75 (95%CI 1.00–13.90). The risk for skin cancer was increased in men with diagnosis of gyne- comastia at any age but with a follow up extending after 50 years of age. Increased risk of squamous skin cancer oc- curred both in unilateral and bilateral cases while testicu- Page 3 of 6 (page number not for citation purposes)