BMC Cancer 2009, 9:254 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/9/254 Table 12: Studies reporting margin positivity with breast-conserving surgery (BCS)*,# Citation McCormick 1987 [20] Umpleby 1988 [21] England 1994 [22] MacMillan 1994 [23] Schnitt 1994 [24] Beron 1996 [25] Gage 1996 [26] MacMillan 1997 [27] Saarela 1997 [28] Weber 1997 [29] Beck 1998 [30] DiBiase 1998 [31] Taylor 1998 [32] Horiguchi 1999 [33] Malik 1999 [34] Papa 1999 [35] Park 2000 [36] Gibson 2001 [37] Jenkinson 2001 [38] Moore 2001 [39] Swanson 2002 [40] Mai 2003 [41] Chagpur 2004 [42] Keskek 2004 [43] Miller 2004 [44] Fleming 2004 [45] Balch 2005 [46] Cao 2005 [47] Cendán 2005 [48] Dooley 2005 [49] Nadeem 2005 [50] Aziz 2006 [51] Dillon 2006 [52] Huston 2006 [53] Janes 2006 [54] Méndez 2006 [55] Cabioglu 2007 [56] Kotwall 2007 [57] Smitt 2007 [58] Wright 2007 [59] Dillon 2008 [60] Jacobson 2008 [61] Schiller 2008 [62] Soucy 2008 [63] Lovrics 2008 [64] Sabel 2009 [65] Tengher-Barna 2009 [66] Munhoz 2009 [67] Hewes 2009 [68] Povoski 2009 Positive margin status (results and definition) 24.1% (26/108), defined as tumor at edge 25.0% (13/52), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 35.0% (28/80), defined as tumor < 1 mm from edge 38.3% (101/264), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 47.5% (86/181), defined as tumor at edge; 61.3% (111/181), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge 51.9% (41/79), defined as tumor < 1 mm from edge 38.5% (131/340), defined as tumor at edge, 54.4% (185/340), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge 39.3% (118/300), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 14.5% (8/55), defined as tumor at edge 15.0% (21/140), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 27.1% (39/141), defined as tumor at edge 19.0% (86/453), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 25.4% (68/268), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 22.4% (36/161), defined as tumor < 5 mm from edge 36.8% (200/543), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 29.1% (115/395), defined as tumor at edge 36.0% (192/533), defined as tumor at edge; 53.7% (286/533), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge 44.5% (243/546), defined as tumor at edge 18.8% (19/101), defined as tumor at edge 15.7% (8/51), defined as tumor at edge 32.7% (85/260), defined as tumor at edge; 45.0% (117/260), defined as tumor < 2 mm from edge 25.8% (16/62), defined as tumor < 1 mm from edge 12.4% (329/2658), defined as tumor at edge 39.6% (120/303), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 18.4% (26/141), defined as tumor at edge 9.1% (20/220), defined as tumor < 5 mm from edge 25.1% (64/255), defined as tumor < 2 mm from edge 81.7% (103/126), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 44.3% (43/97), defined as tumor in cavity bed specimens and not based on BCS specimen 11.4% (25/220), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge 30.0% (39/130), defined a tumor < 1 mm from edge 14.3% (205/1430), defined as tumor at edge 34.5% (211/612), defined as tumor < 5 mm from edge 61.4% (105/171), defined as tumor < 2 mm from edge 44.2% (96/217), defined as tumor < 5 mm from edge 64.6% (115/178), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 13.6% (27/200), defined as tumor at edge; 32.7% (65/200), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 52.6% (306/582), defined as tumor at edge 43.5% (172/395), defined as tumor at edge 16.0% (42/263), defined as tumor at edge; 41.8% (110/263), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge 19.9% (56/281), defined as tumor < 2 mm from edge; 32.0% (90/281), defined as tumor < 5 mm from edge 66.4% (83/125), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 17.0% (124/730), defined as tumor at edge; 34.9% (255/730), defined as tumor < 1 mm from edge 18.4% (88/478), defined as tumor at edge 19.6% (65/332), defined as tumor at edge 18.2% (173/948), defined as tumor at edge; 32.0% (303/948), defined as tumor ≤ 2 mm from edge 43.9% (47/107), defined as tumor ≤ 3 mm from edge 28.8% (63/218), no definition of margin positivity given 20.5% (196/957), defined a tumor < 1 mm from edge 6.4% (13/204), defined as tumor at edge, 10.8% (22/204), defined as tumor ≤ 1 mm from edge BCS, breast-conserving surgery * This table excludes any previous studies that included in their analyses a significant percentage of patients with an "unknown" or "indeterminate" margin status in comparison to the reported percentage of patients with a positive margin status since this "unknown" or "indeterminate" variable would not allow for an accurate determination of the percentage of patients with margin positivity. # Some of these previous studies not only included individual undergoing a definitive BCS procedure, but also individuals undergoing only a diagnostic surgical excisional breast biopsy. In many such cases, this subtle distinction was not well articulated and likely accounted for their relatively high reported margin positivity rates. Page 16 of 23 (page number not for citation purposes)