Schulz et al. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:108 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/108 Author details 1Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands. 2School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 3Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Authors’ contributions HdV, SK and LvO designed and wrote the original proposal. DS, FS and MvA developed the lifestyle programme and execute the studies. DS significantly contributed to writing this paper, while HdV, SK, LvO, FS and MvA were involved in revising the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Received: 29 November 2010 Accepted: 16 February 2011 Published: 16 February 2011 References 1. RIVM: Gezondheid op koers? Volksgezondheid toekomst verkenning 2002 [Health on course? Explore the future of public health 2002] Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum; 2002. 2. World Health Organization: The top ten causes of death. WHO fact sheet Geneva: WHO; 2007. 3. Aanvardbaar alcoholgebruik [Acceptable alcohol intake]. [http://www. alcoholinfo.nl/index.cfm?act=esite.tonen&pagina=15]. 4. Gezondheidsraad: Richtlijnen goede voeding 2006 [Guidelines Healthy Food] Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad; 2006. 5. Kemper HGC, Ooijendijk WTM, Stiggelbout M: Consensus over de Nederlandse Norm voor Gezond Bewegen [Consensus on the Dutch standard for healthy exercise]. TSG 2000, 78:180-183. 6. De Vries H, Van ‘t Riet J, Spigt M, Metsemakers J, Van den Akker M, Vermunt JK, Kremers S: Clusters of lifestyle behaviors: results from the Dutch SMILE study. Prev Med 2008, 46:203-208. 7. Persbericht Leefstijl Nederlanders niet verbeterd. [http://www.cbs.nl/NR/ rdonlyres/EFCD6D79-C4A4-42C4-BCA9-D8EDFE67039E/0/pb07n021.pdf]. 8. De Vries H, Kremers S, Smeets T, Reubseat A: Clustering of diet, physical activity and smoking and a general willingness to change. Psychol Health 2008, 23:18-24. 9. Internet World Stats (2010). Internet Usage in Europe. [http://www. internetworldstats.com/stats4.htm#europe ]. 10. ICT gebruik van huishoudens naar huishoudkenmerken [ICT use among households ordered by household features]. [http://statline.cbs.nl/ StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=71102ned&D1=3-4,11- 17&D2=0-10&D3=a&HD=080424-1708&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2]. 11. Cobiac LJ, Vos T, Barendregt JJ: Cost-effectiveness of interventions to promote physical actvity: a modelling study. PloS Medicine 2009, 6:1-11. 12. Kreuter MW, Farrell D, Olevitch L, Brennan L: Tailored Health Messages: Customizing Communication with Computer Technology Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1999. 13. Kreuter MW, Bull FC, Clark EM, Oswald DL: Understanding how people process health information: a comparison of tailored and untailored weight loss materials. Health Psychol 1999, 18:1-8. 14. Riper H, Kramer J, Smit F, Conijn B, Schippers G, Cuijpers P: Web-based self-help for problem drinkers: a pragmatic randomized trial. Addiction 2008, 103:218-227. 15. De Vries H, Brug J: Computer-tailored interventions motivating people to adopt health promoting behaviours. Pat Educ Couns 1999, 36:99-105. 16. Kreuter MW, Oswald DL, Bull FC, Clark EM: Are tailored health education materials always more effective than non-tailored materials? Health Educ Res 2000, 15:305-315. 17. Campbell MK, DeVellis BM, Strecher VJ, Ammerman AS, DeVellis RF, Sandler RS: Improving dietary behaviors: the effectiveness of tailored messages in primary care settings. Am J Public Health 1994, 84:783-787. 18. Smeets T: Towards a healthy lifestyle: the development and evaluation of a computer tailored lifestyle intervention. PhD thesis Maastricht University; 2006. Page 8 of 9 19. Brug J, Oenema A, Campbell M: Past, present, and future of computer- tailored nutrition education. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77:1028-1034. 20. Brug J, Campbell M, Van Assema P: The application and impact of computer-generated personalized nutrition education: a review of the literature. Pat Educ Couns 1999, 36:145-156. 21. Dijkstra A, De Vries H, Roijackers J, Van Breukelen G: Tailored interventions to communicate stage-matched information to smokers in different motivational stages. J Consult Clin Psychol 1998, 3:549-557. 22. Gezondheidsinstituut NIGZ: Alcohol. Online advies-op-maat. Drinktest.nl [Alcohol. Online personalized advice. Drinktest.nl]. Resultaten uit de ZonMw Preventieprogramma’s. Ingrediënten voor publieke gezondheid Den Haag: ZonMw; 2009, 10-11. 23. Brug J, Glanz K, Van Assema P, Kok G, Van Breukelen GJ: The impact of computer-tailored feedback and iterative feedback on fat, fruit, and vegetable intake. Health Educ Behav 1998, 25:517-531. 24. Irvine AB, Ary DV, Grove DA, Gilfillan-Morton L: The effectiveness of an interactive multimedia programme to influence eating habits. Health Educ Res 2004, 19:290-305. 25. Oenema A, Tan F, Brug J: Short-term efficacy of a web-based computer- tailored nutrition intervention: main effects and mediators. Ann Behav Med 2005, 29:54-63. 26. Baker AH, Wardle J: Increasing fruit and vegetable intake among adults attending colorectal cancer screening: the efficacy of a brief tailored intervention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002, 11:203-206. 27. Spittaels H, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Vandelanotte C: Evaluation of a website- delivered computer-tailored intervention for increasing physical activity in the general population. Prev Med 2007, 44:209-217. 28. Smeets T, Brug J, De Vries H: Effects of tailoring health messages on physical activity. Health Educ Res 2008, 23:402-413. 29. Campbell MK, James A, Hudson MA, Carr C, Jackson E, Oakes V, Demissie S, Farrell D, Tessaro I: Improving multiple behaviors for colorectal cancer prevention among African American church members. Health Psychol 2004, 23:492-502. 30. Marcus BH, Bock BC, Pinto BM, Forsyth LH, Roberts MB, Traficante RM: Efficacy of an individualized, motivationally-tailored physical activity intervention. Ann Behav Med 1998, 20:174-180. 31. De Vries H, Kremers S, Smeets T, Brug J, Eijmael K: The effectiveness of tailored feedback and action plans in an intervention addressing multiple health behaviors. Am J Health Promot 2008, 22:417-425. 32. Smeets T, Kremers S, Brug J, De Vries H: Effects of tailored feedback on multiple health behaviors. Ann Behav Med 2007, 33:117-123. 33. Oenema A, Brug J, Dijkstra A, De Weerdt I, De Vries H: Efficacy and use of an Internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention, targeting saturated fat intake, physical activity and smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med 2008, 35:125-135. 34. Jacobs AD, Ammerman AS, Ennett ST, Campbell MK, Tawney KW, Aytur SA, Marshall SW, Will JC, Rosamond WD: Effects of a tailored follow-up intervention on health behaviors, beliefs and attitudes. Journal of Women’s Health 2004, 13:557-568. 35. Markland D, Vansteenkiste M: Self determination theory and motivational interviewing in exercise. In Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport. Edited by: Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2007:87-99. 36. Zuckerman M, Porac J, Lathin D, Smith R, Deci EL: On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behaviour. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1978, 4:443-446. 37. Baumeister RF, Bratslavsky E, Muraven M, Tice DM: Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource? J Pers Soc Psychol 1998, 74:1252-1265. 38. King TK, Marcus BH, Pinto BM, Emmons KM, Abrams DB: Cognitive- behavioral mediators of changing multiple behaviors: smoking and a sedentary lifestyle. Prev Med 1996, 25:684-691. 39. Mata J, Silva MN, Vieira PN, Carraca EV, Andrade AM, Coutinho SR, Sardinha LB, Teixeira PJ: Motivational “Spill-Over” during weight control: increased self-determination and exercise intrinsic motivation predict eating self-regulation. Health Psychol 2009, 28:709-716. 40. Kremers SPJ, De Bruijn GJ, Schaalma H, Brug J: Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and their intrapersonal determinants. Psychol Health 2004, 19:595-606. 41. De Vries H, Mudde AN, Leijs I, Charlton A, Variainen E, Buijs G, Pais Clemente M, Storm H, González Navarro A, Nebot M, Prins T, Kremers S: