N INAs N invitations Relationship to INA Family Friends Professional Social Just met Other Person(s) invited Couple Man Woman Place of invitation** Couple home INA home Community Work place Person inviting INA +Spouse +INA Public endorsement Yes No 5 472 % 1 11 10 24 44 11 29 36 35 42 26 19 13 100 0 0 5 95 5 174 % 5 10 30 24 25 7 25 26 49 30 18 18 34 100 0 0 24 76 8 944 % 1 20 9 19 50 1 40 32 29 59 4 19 18 98 0.5 1.5 19 80 % 2 18 24 20 30 6 31 39 30 72 5 9 15 91 8.5 0.5 5 95 % 2 17 16 21 39 5 33 35 32 60 9 15 17 95 4 1 11 89 % 7 14 22 12 45 0 23 44 33 51 11 23 14 74 14 12 7 93 % 4 5 9 31 50 1 28 26 47 81 6 8 5 79 7 14 2 98 % 5 15 36 21 23 0 19 37 44 40 3 12 46 93 3 4 14 86 % 5 7 24 7 56 1 29 43 28 61 4 20 16 76 23 1 2 98 % 5 10 22 19 44 1 25 37 39 60 6 15 19 81 12 8 6 94 BMC Public Health 2007, 7:349 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/349 Table 1: Contextual characteristics of CVCT invitations given by INAs in four categories in Rwanda and Zambia Rwanda Zambia CBO/NGO Religious Health Private Total CBO/NGO Religious Health Private Total 10 1090 28 2680 6 1337 10 2184 8 1757 9 1942 33 7220 *Rounding results in some totals of 99% or 101% **Community = Church, Market, Social Gathering, and Other The relationships between invitees and INAs varied across categories in the two cities. In Rwanda, religious and pri- vate sector INAs were more likely to invite people they knew (68% and 64%, Table 1) than CBO/NGO and health sector (45% and 49%) INAs, while religious and private sector Zambian INAs distributed half or more of their invitations to people they had just met (50% and 56%). Invitations from Rwandan health care INAs were the most likely to be given to couples (40%) compared with those from other INAs in Rwanda (25–31%), while religious and private sector INAs were more likely to target couples in Zambia (28%–29%) than their NGO/CBO (23%) or health sector (19%) counterparts. Compared to other categories, NGO/CBO INAs delivered a compara- tively larger proportion of their invitations in their own homes (26% in Rwanda, 11% in Zambia), as did religious INAs in Rwanda (18%). Fewer than 6% of invitations delivered by the other INA country-categories were deliv- ered in the INA's home. Workplace invitations were favoured by health care INAs in Zambia (46%) and reli- gious INAs in Rwanda (34%), and these two groups were also more likely than their in-country counterparts to have invitations preceded by a public endorsement (14% and 24%, respectively). Response to invitations Of 9,900 couples who received invitations, 1,411 (14.3%) requested CVCT. The response rates, or percent of invited couples who came for testing, were much higher in Rwanda, where 721 of the 2,680 (26.9%) invited couples came in to be tested, than in Zambia, where only 690 of the 7,220 (9.6%) couples were tested. These rates were sig- nificantly different (t (9,839) = 6.55, p < .0001). Table 2 details the number of invitations distributed, the number of invited couples who received CVCT, and the response rate for each INA, grouped by country and category and ordered by decreasing number of couples tested. Zambian INAs distributed more invitations (mean 219, S.D. 93) Page 4 of 10 (page number not for citation purposes)