Chiao et al. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:527 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/527 Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions CC was responsible for development of study hypotheses, data analysis, and drafting of the article. CCY and KK contributed to critical revision of the article. All authors involved in the writing of the paper, and all approved the final submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements Support from the National Science Council in Taiwan under a grant NSC100- 2410-H-010- 007 is gratefully acknowledged. Preliminary findings from this research were presented at the 1st International Symposium on Health, Longevity, and Society in 2011. 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