Samkange-Zeeb et al. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:727 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/727 Page 7 of 12 Table 3 Awareness and knowledge of STDs reported in 14 of the 15 studies included in the review Question/Item assessed in studies HPV Females % (reference) Males % (reference) Heard of HPV (identification from list of STDs or 71.6% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] direct question, ‘Have you heard of HPV?’) 16.4% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 51.2% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 9.6% (Gottvall et al., 2009) [46] Heard of HPV (open question - ‘Which STDs do you know/have you heard of?’) Heard of HPV vaccine 9.2% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 1.1% (Gottvall et al.) [46] Participants who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted 64.9% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 12.1% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 47.4% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 5.4% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 11.8% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 3.1% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 53.9% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 32.1% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 48.6% (Pelucchi et al.)** [49] 8.6% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 7.2%(Pelucchi et al., 2010) [49] 8.3% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 45% perceived at risk (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 11.8% do not believe will be infected (Gottvall et al.) [46] 26% perceived at risk (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 24.5% do not believe will be infected (Gottvall et al.) [46] Heard of HIV (identification from list of STDs or 97.2% among year 9 and 100% direct question) among year 11 pupils (Garside et al.) [42] 97.0% among year 9 and 96.2% among year 11 pupils (Garside et al.) [42] 97.7% (Garside et al.) [42] 100% (Tyden et al.) 91% [38] (Fogarty) [36] Participants who knew that HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer (closed question) Participants aware that aim of HPV vaccination is to prevent cervical cancer Participants who thought that aim of HPV vaccination is to prevent an STD Subjective rating of risk of contracting HPV HIV Heard of HIV (open question - which STDs do you know/have you heard of?) Participants who knew that you can not tell by looking at someone if they have HIV Participants who knew that HIV is caused by a virus Participants who knew that HIV is sexually transmitted Participants who knew that sharing a needle with an HIV infected person may lead to infection with the virus Participants who knew where to go for diagnosis/treatment/advice on HIV Subjective rating of risk of contracting HIV Chlamydia Heard of chlamydia (identification from list of STDs or direct question) Heard of chlamydia (open question - which STDs do you know/have you heard of?) Participants who knew that use of condoms can protect against contraction of HIV 83%(Goodwin et al.)1[43] 42% (Lunin et al.) [39] 86% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 60% (Lunin et al.) [39] 99% (Sachsenweger et al.) # 99% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 99% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 86% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 81% (Höglund et al.) [47] [49] 97% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 92% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 99% (Eriksson et al.) [41] 95% (Fogarty) [36] 91% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 91% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 91% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 72% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 62% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 68% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 95% (Eriksson et al.) [41] 99% (Fogarty) [36] 11% perceived themselves ‘not at risk’ (Lunin et al.) [39] 19% perceived themselves ‘not at risk’ (Lunin et al.) [39] 15% perceived themselves ‘not at risk’ (Lunin et al.)** [39] 41.4% among year 9 and 22.7% among year 11 pupils (Garside et al.) [42] 79% (Tyden et al.) [38] 36.7% among year 9 and 13.2% among year 11 pupils (Garside et al.) [42] 60% (Tyden et al.) [38] Females and males % (reference) 66.6% (Pelucchi et al.)** [49] 13.5% (Gottvall et al.)** [46] 5.4% (Höglund et al.) [47] 33% (Woodhall et al.) [45] 0.2% (Höglund et al.) [47] 5.8% (Gottvall et al.)** [46] 1.1% (Höglund et al.) [47] 60.6% (Pelucchi et al.) [49] 9.2% (Gottvall et al.)** [46] 2.9% (Höglund et al.) [47] 8.1% (Gottvall et al.) [46] 1.2% (Höglund et al.) [47] 17.3% do not believe will be infected (Gottvall et al.)** [46] 88% (Höglund et al.) [47] Overall 53% (Goodwin et al.)2 [43] 91% (Eriksson et al.) [41] 88% (Fogarty) [36] 99% (Sachsenweger et al.) #[49] 76% (Höglund et al.) [47] 84% (Goodwin et al.)1[43] 99% (Eriksson et al.) [41] 51% (Lunin et al., 1995)** [39] 94% (Fogarty) [36] 22% aware of STD clinic and 32% of AIDS telephone service (Fogarty) [36] 34% (Garside et al.)*** [42] 70% (Tyden et al.) [38] 91% in 1986, and 96% in 1988 survey (Andersson-Ellström et al.) [37] 86% (Höglund et al.) [47]