Deutscher et al. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:519 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/10/519 Table 2 Disease Prediction Based on Groups Group OR1 Page 6 of 7 Tn Menopausal Status All Subjects AbNL vs. Benign 3.29* (1.29, 8.36) .81 (.33, 2.0) 2.19 (.95, 5.04) CA vs, Benign 3.25* (1.27, 8.3) .84 (.34, 2.07) 2.23 (.96, 5.2) CA vs. No CA 2.57* (1.10, 5.98) .82 (.32, 1.76) 2.0 (.91, 4.39) TF TF Premenopausal AbNL vs. Benign .96 (.27, 3.39) CA vs, Benign .86 (.23, 3.18) CA vs. No CA .83 (.24, 2.84) Postmenopausal AbNL vs. Benign CA vs, Benign CA vs. No CA 15.56** (2.39, 101.2) 13.27** (2.08, 84.63) 8.53** (1.78, 40.74) OR1 Tn 1.70 (.37, 7.81) 1.72 (.36, 8.16) 1.71 (.39, 7.48) Age 1.13** (1.03, 1.24) 1.17** (1.05, 1.30) 1.15** (1.04, 1.26) .35 (.09, 1.38) 1.09* (1.01, 1.18) .35 (.09, 1.38) 1.09* (1.02, 1.18) .32 (.09, 1.17) 1.10** (1.02, 1.18) 1OR (odds ratios) are based on logistic regression models with log10 transformations of TF and Tn values and including menopausal (pre- vs. post) status in the overall model and age in the pre- and post-menopausal group models. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses. *Significant at the p ≤ .05 level; **p ≤ .01. imaging study, a palpable breast mass, and/or PND. It is possible that since all women in the current study had an abnormality that required surgical biopsy, this raised the background of the assay making it more difficult to distinguish cancer from benign. TF and Tn concentrations were notably higher in women with AH compared to those with benign disease. There are two highly effective chemopreventive agents, raloxifene and tamoxifen, for the prevention of disease in women at increased breast cancer risk [10]. These agents are especially effective in the prevention of breast cancer among women who have AH. The highest TF and Tn values were observed in women with DCIS, in whom cure rates approach 100% with proper treatment [11]. Based on our prediction models, the OR that a high TF concentration predicted disease was highest (> 13.0) for detecting 1) cancer vs. benign disease, and 2) AH or cancer vs. benign disease. The models performed less well in contrasting cancer with noncancer, in which AH was included in the no cancer category. TF concentra- tions in ND from women with AH appear to be more Figure 2 ROC curves for the prediction of breast atypia and cancer in postmenopausal women. TF, Tn and age information were used to generate curves comparing atypia or cancer (abnormal) vs. benign disease (AUC = 0.83) (A), cancer vs. benign disease (AUC = 0.83) (B), cancer vs. no cancer (AUC = 0.81) (C). Sensitivity and 1-specificity are listed on the Y and × axes, respectively.