BMC Public Health 2009, 9:437 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/437 Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Dar es Salaam. We thank Mrs. Elizabeth Manda and Mary Nyange who performed the laboratory work. We are grateful to the administration Muhimbili National Hospital for supporting the study. We acknowledge statistical support provided by Dr. Candida Moshiro of the Department of Biostatistics at the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences. We appreciate the participation of our clients without whom this study would have not been possible. References 1. Schuchat A: Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States: Shifting Paradigms. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998, 11:497-513. 2. Timothy SC, Maritza C, Robert HG, Aldo V, Patricia C: Group B streptococcal colonisation in a developing country: Its asso- ciation with sexual transmitted disease and socioeconomic factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998, 59:633-636. 3. Patrick RM, Ken SR, George SK, Michael AP: Medical Microbiol- ogy. Volume 23. fourth edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2002:217-235. 4. Schuchat A, Wenger JD: Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease. Epidemiol Rev 1994, 16:374-402. 5. Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Foetus and Newborn: Guidelines for prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection by chemoprophylaxis. Pediatr 1992, 90:775-8. 6. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Prevention of perina- tal group B streptococcal disease. MMWR 2002, 51(RR- 11):1-22. 7. Edwards MS, Baker CJ: Streptococcus agalactiae. In Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 6th edition. Edited by: Mendell, Douglas, Bennett. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia; 2005:2423-2434. 8. Stoll BJ, Schuchat A: Maternal carriage of group B streptococci in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17:499-503. 9. Moyo SR, Mudzori J, Tswana , Maeland JA: Prevalence, capsular type distribution, anthropometric and obstetric factors of group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) colonisa- tion in pregnancy. Central Afr J Med 2000, 46:115-20. 10. Lyamuya EF, Aboud S, Urassa WK, Sufi J, Mbwana J, Ndugulile F, Mas- sambu C: Evaluation of simple rapid HIV assays and develop- ment of national rapid HIV test algorithms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2009, 18:9-19. 11. SPSS Inc version 13.0. In the statistical Package for the Social Sci- ences Chicago, II: SPSS Inc; 2004. 12. United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Health: National AIDS Control Programme, Guidelines for HIV testing and coun- selling in clinical setting (PITC). 2008. 13. Suara RO, Adegbola RA, Baker CJ, Secka O, Mulholland EK, Green- wood BM: Carriage of Group B streptococci in pregnant Gambian mothers and their infants. Infect Dis 1994, 170:1316-19. 14. Orrett Fitzroy A: Colonisation with Group B streptococci in pregnancy and outcome of infected neonates in Trinidad. Pediatric Intl 2003, 45:319-323. 15. Baker CJ, Edwards MS: Group B streptococcal infections. In Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant Edited by: Reming- ton JS, Klein JO. WB Saunders, Philadelphia; 2001:1091-1156. 16. Amin A, Abdulrazzaq YM, Uduman S: Group B Streptococcal Serotype Distribution of Isolates from Colonised Pregnant Women at the Time of Delivery in United Arab Emirates. J of Infect 2002, 45:42-46. 17. Schuchat A: Group B Streptococcus. Lancet 1999, 353:51-6. 18. Uh Y, Jang IH, Yoon KJ, Lee CH, Kwon JY, Kim MC: Colonisation rates and serotypes of group B streptococci isolated from pregnant women in a Korean tertiay hospital. Eur J Microbiol Infect Dis 1997, 16:753-6. 19. Regan JA, Klebanoff MA, Nugent RP: Vaginal Infection and Pre- maturity study Group, The epidemiology of group B strepto- coccal colonisation in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1991, 77:604-610. Pre-publication history The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/437/pre pub Publish with Bio Med Central and every scientist can read your work free of charge "BioMed Central will be the most significant development for disseminating the results of biomedical research in our lifetime." Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UK Your research papers will be: available free of charge to the entire biomedical community peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance cited in PubMed and archived on PubMed Central yours — you keep the copyright Submit your manuscript here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp BioMedcentral Page 7 of 7 (page number not for citation purposes)