Pantaleo et al. BMC Cancer 2012, 12:231 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/12/231 11. Porto I, Leo A, Miele L, Pompili M, Landolfi R, Crea F: A case of variant angina in a patient under chronic treatment with sorafenib. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010, 7(8):476–480. 12. Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, Wilkie D, McNabola A, Rong H, Chen C, Zhang X, Vincent P, McHugh M, Cao Y, Shujath J, Gawlak S, Eveleigh D, Rowley B, Liu L, Adnane L, Lynch M, Auclair D, Taylor I, Gedrich R, Voznesensky A, Riedl B, Post LE, Bollag G, Trail PA: BAY 43–9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2004, 64(19):7099–7109. 13. Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, Szczylik C, Oudard S, Staehler M, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Desai AA, Rolland F, Demkow T, Hutson TE, Gore M, Anderson S, Hofilena G, Shan M, Pena C, Lathia C, Bukowski RM: Sorafenib for treatment of renal cell carcinoma: Final efficacy and safety results of the phase III treatment approaches in renal cancer global evaluation trial. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(20):3312–3318. 14. Porta C, Procopio G, Cartenì G, Sabbatini R, Bearz A, Chiappino I, Ruggeri EM, Re GL, Ricotta R, Zustovich F, Landi L, Calcagno A, Imarisio I, Verzoni E, Rizzo M, Paglino C, Guadalupi V, Bajetta E: Sequential use of sorafenib and sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma (RCC): an Italian multicentre retrospective analysis of 189 patient cases. BJU Int 2011, 23:23. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10186.x. 15. Chu TF, Rupnick MA, Kerkela R, Dallabrida SM, Zurakowski D, Nguyen L, Woulfe K, Pravda E, Cassiola F, Desai J, George S, Morgan JA, Harris DM, Ismail NS, Chen JH, Schoen FJ, Van den Abbeele AD, Demetri GD, Force T, Chen MH: Cardiotoxicity associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. Lancet 2007, 370:2011–2019. 16. Telli ML, Witteles RM, Fisher GA, Srinivas S: Cardiotoxicity associated with the cancer therapeutic agent sunitinib malate. Ann Oncol 2008, 19(9):1613–1618. 17. Di Lorenzo G, Autorino R, Bruni G, Cartenì G, Ricevuto E, Tudini M, Ficorella C, Romano C, Aieta M, Giordano A, Giuliano M, Gonnella A, De Nunzio C, Rizzo M, Montesarchio V, Ewer M, De Placido S: Cardiovascular toxicity following sunitinib therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter analysis. Ann Oncol 2009, 20(9):1535–1542. 18. Schmidinger M, Zielinski CC, Vogl UM, Bojic A, Bojic M, Schukro C, Ruhsam M, Hejna M, Schmidinger H: Cardiac toxicity of sunitinib and sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26(32):5204–5212. 19. Force T, Kolaja KL: Cardiotoxicity of kinase inhibitors: the prediction and traslantion of preclinical models to clinical outcomes. Nat Rev Cancer 2011, 10:111–126. 20. Force T, Krause DS, Van Etten RA: Molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibition. Nat Rev Cancer 2007, 7(5):332–344. 21. Yamaguchi O, Watanabe T, Nishida K, Kashiwase K, Higuchi Y, Takeda T, Hikoso S, Hirotani S, Asahi M, Taniike M, Nakai A, Tsujimoto I, Matsumura Y, Miyazaki J, Chien KR, Matsuzawa A, Sadamitsu C, Ichijo H, Baccarini M, Hori M, Otsu K: Cardiac-specific disruption of the c-raf-1 gene induces cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2004, 114(7):937–943. 22. Kamba T, McDonald DM: Mechanisms of adverse effects of anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Br J Cancer 2007, 96(12):1788–1795. 23. Lim TJ, Lee JH, Chang SG, Lee CH, Min GE, Yoo KH, Jeon SH: Life- threatening complications associated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate. Urol Int 2010, 85(4):475–478. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-231 Cite this article as: Pantaleo et al.: Development of coronary artery stenosis in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib. BMC Cancer 2012 12:231. Page 5 of 5 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color ﬁgure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit