Haren et al. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:454 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/454 Page 5 of 10 Table 1 Metabolic and behavioral characteristics of the study population, by ethnicity and sex (Continued) Risky drinking † (%) * Physically active † (%)* GGT ≥50 U/L (%) * Diabetes (%)* Metabolic syndrome † (%) * Adverse MR cluster profile † (%) * 485 (79.9) 163 (21.4) 312 (42.7) 72 (9.5) 199 (26.2) 275 (40.8) 76.7-83.1 18.5-24.4 39.1-46.3 7.3-11.6 23.1-29.3 37.1-44.5 230 (62.3) 168 (33.8) 128 (26.2) 83 (16.7) 232 (46.7) 241 (50.6) 57.4-67.3 29.6-38.0 22.3-30.1 13.4-20.0 42.3-56.1 46.1-55.1 715 (73.3) 331 (26.3) 440 (36.1) 155 (12.3) 431 (34.3) 516 (44.9) *significant difference of <0.05 between Aboriginal and TSI, using Chi square tests for categorical variables, t-test (for continuous variables with normal distribution, and Mann-Whitney rank-sum test for continuous variables with non-normal distribution‡. † Abdominal obesity defined using WHO WC gender specific criteria: overweight being WC of 80-88 cm in females and 94-102 cm in males, while obesity being WC ≥88 cm in females and 102 cm in males. Risky drinking was defined as > 6 drinks on any occasion or >4 drinks per day in males and >4 drinks on any occasion or >2 drinks per day in female in the week prior to the survey. Physically active, defined by American Heart Association criteria in which “active” means doing moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 30 min per day for 5 days in the week before the survey. Metabolic syndrome defined by IDF criteria: waist circumference (≥94 cm in males and ≥80 for females), raised triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L), reduced HDL (<1.03 in males or <1.29 in females), raised blood pressure (systolic >130 mmHg or diastolic≥85 mmHg), and plasma glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L). Adverse MR (metabolic risk) cluster profile was obtained by EM cluster analysis. WC is waist circumference, Trigs is serum triglycerides, SBP is systolic blood pressure, DBP is diastolic blood pressure, HDL is high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG is fasting plasma glucose. Table 2 Demographic and health risk factor status, by GGT category in Indigenous adults GGT<50 U/L (n = 1876) GGT≥50 U/L (n = 657) Mean or No. 36.6 (16.3) 779 (41.5) 1093 (58.3) 94.3 (17.2) 655 (34.9) 300 (16.0) 921 (49.1 ) 27.5 (7.2) 760 (40.5) 480 (25.6) 636 (33.9) 128.2 (19.7) 69.4 (13.1) 1.14 (0.3) 982 (52.7) 1117 (61.7) 679 (60.8) 467 (24.9) 5.5 (2.5) 236 (12.6) 1.5 (1.1) 683 (36.4) 570 (32.8) 95% CI 35.8-37.3 39.3-43.8 56.0-60.5 93.5- 95.1 32.8-37.1 14.3-17.7 46.8-51.4 27.2- 27.9 38.3-42.7 23.6-27.6 31.8-36.0 127.3-129.1 68.8-70.0 1.13-1.15 50.4-55.0 59.5-64.0 57.9-6365 22.9-26.9 5.4-5.6 11.1-14.1 1.4-1.52 34.2-38.6 30.6-35.0 Age (Years) (SD) Male (%) Aborigines (%) WC (SD) Abdominal obesity (%) † Normal Overweight Obesity BMI (SD) BMI <25 25-30 30+ SBP (SD) DBP (SD) HDL (SD) Smoking (%) Drinking (%) Risky drinking † (%) * Physically active † FPG (SD) Diabetes (%) Trigs (SD) ‡* Metabolic syndrome (%) † Adverse MR Cluster profile (%) † *significant difference of <0.05 between normal (<50 U/L) and elevated (≥50 U/L) GGT, using Chi square tests for categorical variables, t-test (for continuous variables with normal distribution, and Mann-Whitney rank-sum test for continuous variables with non-normal distribution‡. † Abdominal obesity defined using WHO WC gender specific criteria: overweight being WC of 80-88 cm in females and 94-102 cm in males, while obesity being WC ≥88 cm in females and 102 cm in males. Risky drinking was defined as > 6 drinks on any occasion or >4 drinks per day in males and >4 drinks on any occasion or >2 drinks per day in female in the week prior to the survey. Physically active, defined by American Heart Association criteria in which “active” means doing moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 30 min per day for 5 days in the week before the survey. Metabolic syndrome defined by IDF criteria: waist circumference (≥94 cm in males and ≥80 for females), raised triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L), reduced HDL (<1.03 in males or <1.29 in females), raised blood pressure (systolic >130 mmHg or diastolic≥85 mmHg), and plasma glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L). Adverse MR (metabolic risk) cluster profile was obtained by EM cluster analysis. WC is waist circumference, Trigs is serum triglycerides, SBP is systolic blood pressure, DBP is diastolic blood pressure, HDL is high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG is fasting plasma glucose. No. (%) 39.3 (12.5) 440 (67.0) 493 (75.0) 97.4 (14.5) 208 (31.7) 127 (19.3) 322 (49.1) 27.5 (6.5) 244 (37.1) 207 (31.5) 206 (31.4) 135.4 (18.4) 77.3 (13.2) 1.19 (0.4) 460 (70.5) 565 (87.7) 466 (82.5) 130 (19.8) 6.2 (2.9) 133 (20.2) 2.7 (2.0) 346 (52.6) 384 (60.0) 95% CI 38.4- 40.2 63.4-70.6 71.7-78.4) 96.3-98.5 28.1-35.2 16.3-22.4 45.2-52.8 27.0- 28.0 33.4-40.8 28.0-35.1 27.8-34.9 134.0-136.8 76.3- 78.3 1.16-1.22 66.9-73.9 85.2-90.3 79.3-85.6 16.7-26.8 5.9- 6.4 17.2-23.3 2.5- 2.8 48.8-56.5 56.2-63.8 P* <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.09 0.45 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01