BMC Public Health 2006, 6:109 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/6/109 Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics among HIV tested antenatal attendees, rural Manyara and Singida regions, Tanzania, 2003–2004. Total n (%) 1296 Total Age groups 15–19 years 165 (12.7) 20–24 years 417 (32.2) 25–29 years 349 (26.9) ≥30 years 365 (28.2) Duration of stay > 1 year 1197 (92.4) < 1 year 99 (7.6) Marital status Married 1183 (91.3) Separated/divorced/widowed/single 113 (8.7) Age when married Never married 93 (7.2) < 18 years 203 (15.7) ≥18 years 1000 (77.1) Religion Christians 999 (77.1) Muslims 153 (11.8) Others 144 (11.1) Education years None 349 (28.2) < 7 years 174 (13.4) 7 years or more 773 (59.7) Income Yes 204 (15.7) No 1087 (83.9) Ever used condom No 1233 (95.1) Yes 63 (4.9) Lifetime sexual partners (n) One 1231 (95.0) More than one 65 (5.0) Ever VCT No 891 (68.8) Yes 405 (31.3) Age at first pregnancy* < 18 years 158 (14.0) ≥18 years 974 (86.0) HIV related knowledge No 1153 (88.8) Yes 145 (11.2) * Analysed for women aged ≥20 years at the time of survey. were twice as likely to be HIV positive compared with those from remote rural areas; OR 2.0 (95% CI: 0.85– 4.90). HIV prevalence was relatively higher at all ages in rural areas compared to remote areas (see Figure 1) The age group 15–24 years constituted 50% of those infected and HIV prevalence tended to be negatively associated with age. We found no statistically significant association between HIV infection and level of education, but the prevalence tended to be higher among the group with no education Remote rural n (%) 553 (42.67) 56 (10.1) 182 (32.9) 151 (27.3) 164 (29.7) 534 (96.6) 19 (3.4) 525 (94.9) 28 (5.1) 19 (3.4) 95 (17.2) 439 (79.4) 414 (74.9) 77 (13.9) 62 (11.2) 156 (28.2) 78 (14.1) 319 (57.7) 38 (6.9) 512 (93.1) 532 (96.2) 21 (3.8) 525 (94.9) 28 (5.1) 376 (68.0) 177 (32.0) 73 (13.2) 424 (76.7) 489 (88.4) 64 (11.6) Rural n (%) 743 (57.33) 109 (14.7) 235 (31.6) 198 (26.7) 201 (27.1) 663 (89.2) 80 (10.8) 658 (88.6) 85 (11.4) 74 (10.0) 108 (14.5) 561 (75.5) 585 (78.7) 76 (10.2) 82 (11.0) 193 (26.0) 96 (12.9) 454 (61.1) 166 (22.3) 575 (77.7) 701 (94.4) 42 (5.7) 706 (95.0) 37 (5.0) 515 (69.3) 228 (30.7) 85 (11.4) 550 (74.0) 662 (89.1) 81 (10.9) compared with those educated. Regarding HIV related knowledge, 88.8% (n = 1151) of the study population scored below five on the index, and considered to lack adequate knowledge on the general modes of HIV trans- mission and prevention. The proportions of this knowl- edge deficit are similar for both areas, remote rural and rural. However, this lack of knowledge increased the like- lihood of HIV infection 1 and a half times more OR 1.5 (95%CI: 0.49–4.29), though this was not statistically sig- nificant. Page 4 of 9 (page number not for citation purposes)