Albano et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2010, 4:225 http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/4/1/225 Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompany- ing images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. Abbreviations ACUV: air contrast ultrasound venography; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CT: computer tomography; DSA: digital subtraction angiography; MMSE: Mini-mental State Examination; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging. Author details 1Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetic, University of Genova, Italy, Via De Toni 5, 16132 Genova, Italy. 2S. Andrea Hospital. La Spezia, Italy. Authors’ contributions BA analyzed and interpreted the patient’s data and collected the literature. CG contributed to writing the manuscript. MDS performed the ultrasound and interpreted the pathophysiology of the cerebral hemorrhage. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Received: 5 January 2009 Accepted: 26 July 2010 Published: 26 July 2010 References 1. Foulkes MA, Wolf PA, Price TR, Mohr JP, Hier DB: The Stroke Data Bank: designs, methods, and baseline characteristics. Stroke 1988, 19(5):547-554. 2. Auer RN, Sutherland GR: Primary intracerebral haemorrhage: pathophysiology. Can J Neurol Sci 2005, 32(Suppl 2):S3-S12. 3. Vuia O, Alexianu M: Veinous insufficiency of the brain: cerebral softening and hemorrhage of veinous origin. J Neurol Sci 1968, 7(3):495-509. 4. Shintaku M, Yasui N: Chronic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with phlebosclerotic changes of the subarachnoid and intracerebral veins. Neuropathology 2006, 26(4):323-328. 5. Girot M, Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F, Leys D, ISCVT Investigators: Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2007, 38(2):337-342. 6. Ratanakorn D, Tesh PE, Tegeler CH: A new dynamic method for detection of internal jugular valve incompetence using air contrast ultrasonography. J Neuroimaging 1999, 9(1):10-14. 7. Akkawi NM, Agosti C, Borroni B, Rozzini L, Magoni M, Vignolo LA, Padovani A: Jugular valve incompetence: a study using air contrast ultrasonography on a general population. J Ultrasound Med 2002, 21:747-751. 8. Finelli PF: Coital cerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 1993, 43:2683-2685. 9. Monastero R, Pipia C, Camarda LKC, Camarda R: Intracerebral haemorrhage associated with sildanafil citrate. J Neurol 2001, 248:141-142. 10. Buxton N, Flannery T, Wild D, Bassi S: Sildenafil (Viagra)-induced spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg 2001, 15(4):347-349. 11. Jackson CA, Suldow CLM: Is hypertension a more frequent risk factor for deep than for lobar supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006, 77:1244-1252. 12. Juvela S, Hillbom M, Palomaki H: Risk factors for spontaneous intracerebal haemorrhage. Stroke 1995, 26(9):1558-1564. 13. Akkawi NM, Agosti C, Anzola GP, Borroni B, Magoni M, Pezzini A, Rozzini L, Vignolo LA, Padovani A: Transient global amnesia: a clinical and sonographic study. Eur Neurol 2003, 49:67-71. 14. Schaller B, Graf R: Cerebral venous infarction: the pathophysiological concept. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004, 18:179-188. Page 3 of 3 15. Schaller B: Physiology of cerebral venous blood flow: from experimental data in animals to normal function in humans. Brain Res Rev 2004, 46(3):243-246. 16. Schreiber SJ, Doepp F, Klingebiel R, Valdueza JM: Internal jugular vein valve incompetence and intracranial venous anatomy in transient global amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005, 76:509-513. 17. Hsu HY, Chao AC, Chen YY, Yang FY, Chung CP, Sheng WY, Yen MY, Hu HH: Reflux of jugular and retrobulbar venous flow in transient monocular blindness. Ann Neurol 2008, 63:247-253. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-4-225 Cite this article as: Albano et al.: Post-coital intra-cerebral venous hemorrhage in a 78-year-old man with jugular valve incompetence: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2010 4:225. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color ﬁgure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit