text: विजयादशमी हिन्दी देवनागरी में पढ़ें।
  (दशहरा se punarnirdeshit)
  any nam dashahara, vijay dashami
  uddeshy yah tyohar buraee par achchhaee ki jit ke lie manaya jata hai. isamen aparajita devi ki pooja hoti hai.
  tithi ashvin shukl dashami
  dharmik manyata hindoo dharm ke anusar is din ram ne ravan ka vadh kiya tha. ravan ram ki patni sita ka apaharan kar lnka le gaya tha. bhagavan ram yuddh ki devi man durga ke bhakt the, unhonne yuddh ke dauran pahale nau dinon tak man durga ki pooja ki aur dasaven din lnka naresh ravan ka vadh kiya.
  snbndhit lekh navaratr, ramalila, ram, ravan, ramayan, sita, hanuman
  any janakari is din dashahara ya vijayadashami se sambndhit vrittiyon ke auzaron ya yntron ki pooja bhi hoti hai.
  vijay dashami / vijayadashami / dashahara (angrezi: Vijaya Dashami Or Dussehra) ashvin shukl dashami ko badi dhoomadham se manaya jata hai. yah bharat ka 'rashtriy tyohar' hai. ramalila men jagah–jagah ravan vadh ka pradarshan hota hai. kshatriyon ke yahan shastron ki pooja hoti hai. braj ke mandiron men is din vishesh darshan hote hain. is din nilaknth ka darshan bahut shubh mana jata hai. yah tyohar kshatriyon ka mana jata hai. isamen aparajita devi ki pooja hoti hai. yah poojan bhi sarvasukh dene vala hai. dashahara ya vijaya dashami navaratri ke bad dasaven din manaya jata hai. is din ram ne ravan ka vadh kiya tha. ravan ram ki patni sita ka apaharan kar lnka le gaya tha. bhagavan ram yuddh ki devi man durga ke bhakt the, unhonne yuddh ke dauran pahale nau dinon tak man durga ki pooja ki aur dasaven din dusht ravan ka vadh kiya. isake bad ram ne bhaee lakshman, bhakt hanuman, aur bndaron ki sena ke sath ek bada yuddh ladakar sita ko chhudaya. isalie vijayadashami ek bahut hi mahattvapoorn din hai. is din ravan, usake bhaee kumbhakarn aur putr meghanad ke putale khuli jagah men jalae jate hain. kalakar ram, sita aur lakshman ke roop dharan karate hain aur ag ke tir se in putalon ko marate hain jo patakhon se bhare hote hain. putale men ag lagate hi vah dhoo dhoo kar jalane lagata hai aur inamen lage patakhe phatane lagate hain aur jisase inaka ant ho jata hai. yah tyohar buraee par achchhaee ki vijay ka pratik hai.
  dashahara utsav ki utpatti
  dashahara utsav ki utpatti ke vishay men kee kalpanayen ki gayi hain. bharat ke katipay bhagon men naye annon ki havi dene, dvar par dhan ki hari evn anapaki baliyon ko tangane tatha gehoon adi ko kanon, mastak ya pagadi par rakhane ke krity hote hain. at: kuchh logon ka mat hai ki yah krishi ka utsav hai. kuchh logon ke mat se yah ranayatra ka dyotak hai, kyonki dashahara ke samay varsha samapt ho jati hai, nadiyon ki badh tham jati hai, dhan adi koshthagar men rakhe jane vale ho jate hain. sambhavat: yah utsav isi doosare mat se sambndhit hai. bharat ke atirikt any deshon men bhi rajaon ke yuddh prayan ke lie yahi ritu nishchit thi. shami pooja bhi prachin hai. vaidik ygyon ke lie shami vriksh men uge ashvatth (pipal) ki do tahaniyon (araniyon) se agni utpann ki jati thi. agni shakti evn sahas ki dyotak hai, shami ki lakadi ke kunde agni utpatti men sahayak hote hain.[1] jahan agni evn shami ki pavitrata evn upayogita ki or mntrasikt snket hain. is utsav ka sambndh navaratr se bhi hai kyonki isamen mahishasur ke virodh men devi ke sahasapoorn krityon ka bhi ullekh hota hai aur navaratr ke uparant hi yah utsav hota hai. dashahara ya dasera shabd 'dash' (das) evn 'ahanh‌‌' se hi bana hai.[2]
  shastron ke anusar
  ashvin shukl dashami ko vijayadashami ka tyohar badi dhoomadham se manaya jata hai. isaka vishad varnan hemadri [3], sindhunirnay[4], purusharthachintamani[5], vrataraj[6], kalatattvavivechan[7], dharmasindhu [8]adi men kiya gaya hai.[2]
  kalanirnay [9] ke mat se shukl paksh ki jo tithi sooryoday ke samay upasthit rahati hai, use krityon ke sampadan ke lie uchit samajhana chahie aur yahi bat krishn paksh ki un tithiyon ke vishay men bhi payi jati hai jo sooryast ke samay upasthit rahati hain.[10]
  hemadri[11] ne viddha dashami ke vishay men do niyam pratipadit kiye hain-
  vah tithi, jisamen shravan nakshatr paya jae, svikary hai.
  vah dashami, jo navami se yukt ho.
  kintu any nibndhon men tithi sambndhi bahut se jatil vivechan upasthit kiye hain. yadi dashami navami tatha ekadashi se snyukt ho to navami svikary hai, yadi is par shravan nakshatr na ho.
  sknd puran men aya hai- 'jab dashami navami se snyukt ho to aparajita devi ki pooja dashami ko uttar poorv disha men aparahn men honi chahie. us din kalyan evn vijay ke lie aparajita pooja honi chahie.[12]
  yah drashtavy hai ki vijayadashami ka uchit kal hai, aparahn, pradosh keval gaun kal hai. yadi dashami do din tak chali gayi ho to pratham (navami se yukt) avikrit honi chahie. yadi dashami pradosh kal men (kintu aparahn men nahin) do din tak vistrit ho to ekadashi se snyukt dashami svikrat hoti hai. janmashtami men jis prakar rohini many nahin hai, usi prakar yahan shravan nirnit nahin hai. yadi donon din aparahn men dashami na avasthit ho to navami se snyukt dashami man li jati hai, kintu aisi dasha men jab doosare din shravan nakshatr ho to ekadashi se snyukt dashami many hoti hai. ye nirnay, nirnay sindhu ke hain. any vivaran aur matabhed [13] bhi shastron men milate hain.
  dashahara, jalndhar, pnjab
  "mam sakutumbasy kshemasiddhh‌yarthamaparajitapoojann karishye; raja ke lie - " mam sakutumbasy yatrayan vijayasiddhh‌yarthamaparajitapoojann karishye". isake uparant us chitr (akriti) ke bich men aparajita ka avahan karana chahie aur isi prakar usake dahine evn bayen jaya evn vijaya ka avahan karana chahie aur 'sath hi kriyashakti ko namaskar' evn 'uma ko namaskar' kahana chahie. isake uparant "aparajitayai nam:, jayayai nam:, vijayayai nam:, mntron ke sath aparajita, jaya, vijaya ki pooja 16 upacharon ke sath karani chahie aur yah prarthana karani chahie, 'he devi, yathashakti jo pooja mainne apani raksha ke lie ki hai, use svikar kar ap apane sthan ko ja sakati hain. raja ke lie isamen kuchh antar hai. raja ko vijay ke lie aisi prarthana karani chahie - 'vah aparajita jisane knthahar pahan rakha hai, jisane chamakadar sone ki mekhala (karadhani) pahan rakhi hai, jo achchha karane ki ichchha rakhati hai, mujhe vijay de,'
  - dharmasindhu[14]
  vijayadashami varsh ki tin atynt shubh tithiyon men se ek hai, any do hain - chaitr mah ki shukl paksh ki dashami aur kartik mah ki shukl paksh ki pratipada. isilie bharatavarsh men bachche is din akshararambh karate hain[15], isi din log naya kary arambh karate hain, bhale hi chndr adi jyotish ke anusar thik se vyavasthit na hon, isi din shravan nakshatr men raja shatru par akraman karate hain, aur vijay aur shanti ke lie ise shubh manate hain.[2]
  pramukh krity
  is shubh din ke pramukh krity hain- aparajita poojan, shami poojan, simollnghan (apane rajy ya gram ki sima ko langhana), ghar ko pun: laut ana evn ghar ki nariyon dvara apane samaksh dip ghumavana, naye vastron evn abhooshanon ko dharan karana, rajaon ke dvara ghodon, hathiyon evn sainikon ka nirajan tatha parikramana karana. dashahara ya vijayadashami sabhi jatiyon ke logon ke lie mahattvapoorn din hai, kintu rajaon, samnton evn kshatriyon ke lie yah vishesh roop se shubh din hai.
  dharmasindhu[16] men aparajita ki poojan ki vidhi snkshep men is prakar hai‌- "aparahn men ganv ke uttar poorv jana chahie, ek svachchh sthal par gobar se lip dena chahie, chndan se ath konon ka ek chitr khinch dena chahie, snkalp karana chahie - "mam sakutumbasy kshemasiddhh‌yarthamaparajitapoojann karishye; raja ke lie - " mam sakutumbasy yatrayan vijayasiddhh‌yarthamaparajitapoojann karishye". isake uparant us chitr (akriti) ke bich men aparajita ka avahan karana chahie aur isi prakar usake dahine evn bayen jaya evn vijaya ka avahan karana chahie aur 'sath hi kriyashakti ko namaskar' evn 'uma ko namaskar' kahana chahie. isake uparant "aparajitayai nam:, jayayai nam:, vijayayai nam:, mntron ke sath aparajita, jaya, vijaya ki pooja 16 upacharon ke sath karani chahie aur yah prarthana karani chahie, 'he devi, yathashakti jo pooja mainne apani raksha ke lie ki hai, use svikar kar ap apane sthan ko ja sakati hain. raja ke lie isamen kuchh antar hai. raja ko vijay ke lie aisi prarthana karani chahie - 'vah aparajita jisane knthahar pahan rakha hai, jisane chamakadar sone ki mekhala (karadhani) pahan rakhi hai, jo achchha karane ki ichchha rakhati hai, mujhe vijay de,' isake uparant use uparyukt prarthana karake visarjan karana chahie. tab sabako ganv ke bahar uttar poorv men uge shami vriksh ki or jana chahie aur usaki pooja karani chahie. shami ki pooja ke poorv ya ya uparant logon ko simollnghan karana chahie. kuchh logon ke mat se vijayadashami ke avasar par ram aur sita ki pooja karani chahie, kyonki usi din ram ne lnka par vijay prapt ki thi. raja ke dvara ki jane vali pooja ka vistar se varnan hemadri[17],tithitattv [18]men varnit hai. nirnay sindhu evn dharmasindhu men shami poojan ke kuchh vistar milate hain.[19] yadi shami vriksh na ho to ashmntak vriksh ki pooja ki jani chahie.[2]
  pauranik manyataen
  is avasar par kahin kahin bhainse ya bakare ki bali di jati hai. bharat men svatntrata prapti ke poorv deshi rajyon men, yatha badoda, maisoor adi riyasaton men vijayadashami ke avasar par darabar lagate the aur haudon se yukt hathi daudate tatha uchhlakood karate hue ghodon ki savariyan rajadhani ki sadakon par nikalati thin aur juloos nikala jata tha. prachin evn madhy kal men ghodon, hathiyon, sainikon evn svayn ka nirajan utsav raja log karate the.
  ravan dahan, ramalila, mathura
  kalidas [20]ne varnan kiya hai ki jab sharad ritu ka agaman hota tha to raghu 'vajinirajana' namak shanti krity karate the.
  varah ne vrihatsnhita [21] men ashvon, hathiyon evn manavon ke shuddhiyukt krity ka varnan vistar se kiya hai.
  nirnayasindhu ne sena ke nirajan ke samay mntron ka ullekh yoon kiya hai‌- 'he sab par shasan karane vali devi, meri vah sena, jo char bhagon (hasti, rath, ashv evn padati) men vibhajit hai, shatruvihin ho jae aur apake anugrah se mujhe sabhi sthanon par vijay prapt ho.'
  tithitattv men aisi vyavastha hai ki raja ko apani sena ko shakti pradan karane ke lie nirajan karake jal ya goshala ke samip khnjan ko dekhana chahie aur use nimn mantr se sambodhit karana chahie, "khnjan pakshi, tum is prithvi par aye ho, tumhara gala kala evn shubh hai, tum sabhi ichchhaon ko dene vale ho, tumhen namaskar hai.[22]"
  tithitattv[23] ne khnjan ke dekhe jane adi ke bare men prakash dala hai.
  vrihatsnhita [24] ne khnjan ke dikhaee padne tatha kis disha men kab usaka darshan hua adi ke vishay men ghatit hone vali ghatanaon ka ullekh kiya hai.[2]
  manusmriti [25] evn yagyvalky smriti[26] ne khnjan ko un pakshiyon men pariganit kiya hai jinhen nahin khana chahie[27]
  vijayadashami ke das sootr
  das indriyon par vijay ka parv hai.
  asaty par saty ki vijay ka parv hai.
  bahirmukhata par antarmukhata ki vijay ka parv hai.
  anyay par nyay ki vijay ka parv hai.
  durachar par sadachar ki vijay ka parv hai.
  tamogun par daivigun ki vijay ka parv hai.
  dushkarmon par satkarmon ki vijay ka parv hai.
  bhog par yog ki vijay ka parv hai.
  asuratv par devatv ki vijay ka parv hai.
  jivatv par shivatv ki vijay ka parv hai.
  vanaspati poojan
  vijayadashami par do vishesh prakar ki vanaspatiyon ke poojan ka mahattv hai-
  ek hai shami vriksh, jisaka poojan ravan dahan ke bad karake isaki pattiyon ko svarn pattiyon ke roop men ek-doosare ko sasamman pradan kiya jata hai. is parnpara men vijay ullas parv ki kamana ke sath samriddhi ki kamana karate hain.
  doosara hai aparajita (vishnu-kranta). yah paudha apane nam ke anuroop hi hai. yah vishnu ko priy hai aur pratyek paristhiti men sahayak banakar vijay pradan karane vala hai. nile rng ke pushp ka yah paudha bharat men sulabhata se upalabdh hai. gharon men samriddhi ke lie tulasi ki bhanti isaki niyamit seva ki jati hai
  ravan ka putala
  dashahara parv ko manane ke lie jagah jagah bade melon ka ayojan kiya jata hai. yahan log apane parivar, doston ke sath ate hain aur khule asaman ke niche mele ka poora annd lete hain. mele men tarah tarah ki vastuen, choodiyon se lekar khilaune aur kapade beche jate hain. isake sath hi mele men vynjanon ki bhi bharamar rahati hai.
  mukhy lekh : ramalila
  dashahara utsav men ramalila bhi mahattvapoorn hai. ramalila men ram, sita aur lakshman ki jivan ka vrittant ka varnan kiya jata hai. ramalila natak ka mnchan desh ke vibhinn kshetron men hota hai. yah desh men alag alag tariqe se manaya jata hai. bngal aur madhy bharat ke alava dashahara parv desh ke any rajyon men kshetriy vishamata ke bavajood ek saman utsah aur shauq se manaya jata hai. uttari bharat men ramalila ke utsav das dinon tak chalate rahate hain aur ashvin mah ki dashami ko samapt hote hain, jis din ravan evn usake sathiyon ki akriti jalayi jati hai. isake atirikt is avasar par aur bhi kee prakar ke krity hote hain, yatha hathiyaron ki pooja, dashahara ya vijayadashami se sambndhit vrittiyon ke auzaron ya yntron ki pooja.[2]
  mukhy lekh : navaratr
  shakti ki upasana ka parv sharadey navaratr pratipada se navami tak nishchit nau tithi, nau nakshatr, nau shaktiyon ki navadha bhakti ke sath sanatan kal se manaya ja raha hai. sarvapratham shri ramachndraji ne is sharadiy navaratri pooja ka prarnbh samudr tat par kiya tha aur usake bad dasaven din lnka vijay ke lie prasthan kiya aur vijay prapt ki. tabhi se asaty par saty, adharm par dharm ki jit ka parv dashahara manaya jata hai. adishakti ke har roop ki navaratr ke nau dinon men alag-alag pooja ki jati hai. man durga ki nauvin shakti ka nam siddhidatri hai. ye sabhi prakar ki siddhiyan dene vali hain. inaka vahan sinh hai aur kamal pushp par hi asin hoti hain. navaratri ke nauven din inaki upasana ki jati hai. navadurga aur das mahavidhaon men kali hi pratham pramukh hain. bhagavan shiv ki shaktiyon men ugr aur saumy, do roopon men anek roop dharan karane vali das mahavidhaen annt siddhiyan pradan karane men samarth hain. dasaven sthan par kamala vaishnavi shakti hain, jo prakritik snpattiyon ki adhishthatri devi lakshmi hain. devata, manav, danav sabhi inaki kripa chahate hain, isalie agam-nigam donon men inaki upasana saman roop se varnit hai. sabhi devata, rakshas, manushy, gndharv inaki kripa ke lie upasana rat rahate hain.
  dashanan ravan, ramalila, mathura
  bharatiy snskriti ke anusar adarshon v sadagi se manayen. pashchaty jagat ka andhanukaran na karen.
  ravan, dashahara
  ravan dahan, bhagat sinh park, jayapur
  ravan dahan, dashahara
  dashahara, pune
  ravan ka putala]]
  ↑ atharvaved, 7/11/1 ; taittiriy brahman, 1/2/1/16 evn 1/2/1/7
  ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 daau. pandurng vaman kane “bhag 4”, dharmashastr ka itihas (hindi). uttarapradesh hindi snsthan, 70-73.
  ↑ hemadri vrat, bhag1, pri. 970 - 973
  ↑ sindhunirnay, pri. 69 -70
  ↑ purusharthachintamani, pri. 145-148
  ↑ vrataraj, pri. 359-361
  ↑ kalatattvavivechan, pri. 309-312
  ↑ dharmasindhu, pri. 96
  ↑ kalanirnay, pri. 231 - 233
  ↑ tatha ch markandey:. shuklapakshe tithirgrahya yasyamabhyudito ravi:. krishnapakshe tithirgrahya yasyamastamito ravi: iti. ....tatpoorvottaraviddhyorddashamyo: pakshabheden vyavastha drashtavya. kalanirnay, pri. 231 - 233
  ↑ hemadri vrat, bhag1, pri. 973
  ↑ hemadri vrat, bhag1, pri. 973, puranasamuchchay ka uddharan, nirnay sindhu, pri. 189
  ↑ hemadri vrat, bhag 1, pri. 973, nirnay sindhu, pri. 129, dharmasindhu, pri. 96-97, muhoortachintamani, pri. 11/74
  ↑ sarasvati poojan
  ↑ hemadri vrat, bhag1, pri. 970-71
  ↑ tithitattv, pri. 103
  ↑ tatha bhavishyate. shami shamayate papn shami lohitakashtaka. dharinyarjunabananan ramasy priyavadini॥ karishyamanayatrayan yathakaln sukhn maya. tatr nirvighnakartri tvn bhav shriramapoojite॥ (nirnay sindhu, pri. 190. virat parv men aya hai ki jab pandavon ne virat ki rajadhani men rahana chaha to unhonne apane astr shastr, yatha prasiddh gandiv dhanush evn talavaren ek shmashan ke pas pahadi par sthit shami vriksh par rakh diye the. aisa bhi parikalpit hai ki ram ne lnka par akraman dashami ko hi kiya tha, jab shravan nakshatr tha.
  ↑ raghuvnsh, 4/24-25
  ↑ vrihatsnhita, adhyay 44, karn dvara sampadit
  ↑ kritva nirajann balavriddhyai yatha balamh‌. shobhann khnjann pashyejjalagogoshthasnnidhau॥ nilagriv shubhagriv sarvakamaphalapradh. prithivyamavatirnosi khnjarit namostute te॥ tithitattv, pri. 103; nirnay sindhu pri. 190;
  ↑ tithitattv,pri. 103
  ↑ vrihatsnhita, adhyay 45, karn dvara sampadit
  ↑ manusmriti, 5/14
  ↑ yagyvalky smriti, 1/174
  ↑ sambhavat: yah pratibndh isilie tha ki yah pakshi shakun ya shubh snket batane vala kaha jata raha hai.
  1 dashahara utsav ki utpatti
  2 shastron ke anusar
  2.1 shubh tithi
  2.2 pramukh krity
  3 pauranik manyataen
  4 vijayadashami ke das sootr
  5 vanaspati poojan
  7 ramalila
  8 navadurga
  9 savadhaniyan
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