alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: describe CVE-2015-9373
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9373. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. PayPal Pro Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6752. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Search API Autocomplete module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal, when the search index is configured to use the HTML filter processor, allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, which are not properly handled in the returned suggestions.
Query: vulnerability: Integer overflow in the Bitmap_createFromParcel function in core/jni/android/graphics/Bitmap.cpp in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I allows attackers to cause a denial of service (syste
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1536. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 8.5. Integer overflow in the Bitmap_createFromParcel function in core/jni/android/graphics/Bitmap.cpp in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I allows attackers to cause a denial of service (system_server crash) or obtain sensitive system_server memory-content information via a crafted application that leverages improper unmarshalling of bitmaps, aka internal bug 19666945.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4022. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the ftp_genlist function in ext/ftp/ftp.c in PHP before 5.4.41, 5.5.x before 5.5.25, and 5.6.x before 5.6.9 allows remote FTP servers to execute arbitrary code via a long reply to a LIST command, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1610
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1610. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. hosttracker in OpenDaylight l2switch allows remote attackers to change the host location information by spoofing the MAC address, aka "topology spoofing."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2152. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. Xen 4.5.x and earlier enables certain default backends when emulating a VGA device for an x86 HVM guest qemu even when the configuration disables them, which allows local guest users to obtain access to the VGA console by (1) setting the DISPLAY environment variable, when compiled with SDL support, or connecting to the VNC server on (2) ::1 or (3) 127.0.0.1, when not compiled with SDL support.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Databases
Matching passage: T1213.006 Databases. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information. These databases may be hosted on-premises or in the cloud (both in platform-as-a-service and software-as-a-service environments). Examples of databases from which information may be collected include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Amazon Relational Database Service, Azure SQL Database, Google Firebase, and Snowflake. Databases may include a variety of information of interest to adversaries, such as usernames, hashed passwords, personally identifiable information, and financial data. Data collected from databases may be used for [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008), [Command and Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011), or [Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0010). Data exfiltrated from databases may also be used to extort victims or may be sold for profit.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence UNC5537 Snowflake 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1213.003 Code Repositories. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git. Once adversaries gain access to a victim network or a private code repository, they may collect sensitive information such as proprietary source code or [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552) contained within software's source code. Having access to software's source code may allow adversaries to develop [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004), while credentials may provide access to additional resources using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: Wired Uber Breach)(Citation: Krebs Adobe) **Note:** This is distinct from [Code Repositories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/003), which focuses on conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043) via public code repositories.
Query: threat report mentioning Scripting
Matching passage: T1064 Scripting. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.** Adversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts. Scripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them. Many popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1027.016 Junk Code Insertion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use junk code / dead code to obfuscate a malware’s functionality. Junk code is code that either does not execute, or if it does execute, does not change the functionality of the code. Junk code makes analysis more difficult and time-consuming, as the analyst steps through non-functional code instead of analyzing the main code. It also may hinder detections that rely on static code analysis due to the use of benign functionality, especially when combined with [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) or [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002).(Citation: ReasonLabs)(Citation: ReasonLabs Cyberpedia Junk Code) No-Operation (NOP) instructions are an example of dead code commonly used in x86 assembly language. They are commonly used as the 0x90 opcode. When NOPs are added to malware, the disassembler may show the NOP instructions, leading to the analyst needing to step through them.(Citation: ReasonLabs) The use of junk / dead code insertion is distinct from [Binary Padding](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001) because the purpose is to obfuscate the functionality of the code, rather than simply to change the malware’s signature.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8546
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8546. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with software through 2015-11-12, affecting the Galaxy S6/S6 Edge, Galaxy S6 Edge+, and Galaxy Note5 with the Shannon333 chipset. There is a stack-based buffer overflow in the baseband process that is exploitable for remote code execution via a fake base station. The Samsung ID is SVE-2015-5123 (December 2015).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5110. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Microsoft Office 2007 SP3 and Office 2010 SP2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6118. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Office 2007 SP3 and Office 2010 SP2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0206. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. Memory leak in the dtls1_buffer_record function in d1_pkt.c in OpenSSL 1.0.0 before 1.0.0p and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1k allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by sending many duplicate records for the next epoch, leading to failure of replay detection.
Query: vulnerability: The TLS Handshake Protocol implementation in Secure Transport in Apple OS X before 10.11 accepts a Certificate Request message within a session in which no Server Key Exchange mess
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5887. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 10.0. The TLS Handshake Protocol implementation in Secure Transport in Apple OS X before 10.11 accepts a Certificate Request message within a session in which no Server Key Exchange message has been sent, which allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via crafted TLS data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0847. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. nbd-server.c in Network Block Device (nbd-server) before 3.11 does not properly handle signals, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (deadlock) via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of bpcd in Veritas NetBackup 7.x through 7.5.0.7, 7.6.0.x through 7.6.0.4, 7.6.1.x through 7.6.1.2, and 7.7.x before 7.7.2 and NetBackup Appliance through 2.5.4, 2.6.0.x through 2.6.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6550. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. bpcd in Veritas NetBackup 7.x through 7.5.0.7, 7.6.0.x through 7.6.0.4, 7.6.1.x through 7.6.1.2, and 7.7.x before 7.7.2 and NetBackup Appliance through 2.5.4, 2.6.0.x through 2.6.0.4, 2.6.1.x through 2.6.1.2, and 2.7.x before 2.7.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted input.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3407. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. Module::Signature before 0.74 allows remote attackers to bypass signature verification for files via a signature file that does not list the files.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3339
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3339. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. Race condition in the prepare_binprm function in fs/exec.c in the Linux kernel before 3.19.6 allows local users to gain privileges by executing a setuid program at a time instant when a chown to root is in progress, and the ownership is changed but the setuid bit is not yet stripped.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7543. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. aRts 1.5.10 and kdelibs3 3.5.10 and earlier do not properly create temporary directories, which allows local users to hijack the IPC by pre-creating the temporary directory.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2761
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2761. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Exceptions and Scanning Exceptions Pages in Websense TRITON AP-WEB before 8.0.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2332. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in member.php in MyBB (aka MyBulletinBoard) before 1.8.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: Suspicious DNS/Passive DNS execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location. Adversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: vulnerability: WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application cras
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5802. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2946. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the Open CAD Format Council SXF common library before 3.30 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted CAD file.
Query: detect Detects Obfuscated use of stdin to execute PowerShell in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated use of stdin to execute PowerShell. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation STDIN+ Launcher - PowerShell Module id: 9ac8b09b-45de-4a07-9da1-0de8c09304a3 related: - id: 779c8c12-0eb1-11eb-adc1-0242ac120002 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated use of stdin to execute PowerShell references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Jonathan Cheong, oscd.community date: 2020-10-15 modified: 2024-04-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_4103: Payload|re: cmd.{0,5}(?:/c|/r).+powershell.+(?:\$\{?input\}?|noexit).+" condition: selection_4103 falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects read access to a domain user from a non-machine account. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Potential AD User Enumeration From Non-Machine Account id: ab6bffca-beff-4baa-af11-6733f296d57a status: test description: Detects read access to a domain user from a non-machine account references: - https://www.specterops.io/assets/resources/an_ace_up_the_sleeve.pdf - http://www.stuffithoughtiknew.com/2019/02/detecting-bloodhound.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/adschema/attributes-all - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4662 author: Maxime Thiebaut (@0xThiebaut) date: 2020-03-30 modified: 2022-11-08 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: 'Requirements: The "Read all properties" permission on the user object needs to be audited for the "Everyone" principal' detection: selection: EventID: 4662 ObjectType|contains: bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2 AccessMask|endswith: - 1? - 3? - 4? - 7? - 9? - B? - D? - F? filter_main_machine_accounts: SubjectUserName|endswith: $ filter_main_msql: SubjectUserName|startswith: MSOL_ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Administrators configuring new users. level: medium
Query: actor TTPs: Remote Service Session Hijacking
Matching passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Near-miss passage: T1563.001 SSH Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair. In order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack) [SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).
Query: exploit Double free vulnerability in the SLPDKnownDAAdd function in slpd/slpd_knownda.c in OpenSLP 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted package.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5177. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 7.5. Double free vulnerability in the SLPDKnownDAAdd function in slpd/slpd_knownda.c in OpenSLP 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted package.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8962. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Double free vulnerability in the sg_common_write function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and system crash) by detaching a device during an SG_IO ioctl call.
Query: detection engineering for Pluggable Authentication Modules
Matching passage: T1556.003 Pluggable Authentication Modules. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. The most common authentication module is <code>pam_unix.so</code>, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>.(Citation: Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: Red Hat PAM) Adversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. PAM components, such as <code>pam_unix.so</code>, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor) Malicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM)
Near-miss passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)