alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: rule covering Detects the use of rar.exe, on the command line, to create an archive with password protection or with a specific compre
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of rar.exe, on the command line, to create an archive with password protection or with a specific compre. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Rar Usage with Password and Compression Level id: faa48cae-6b25-4f00-a094-08947fef582f status: test description: Detects the use of rar.exe, on the command line, to create an archive with password protection or with a specific compression level. This is pretty indicative of malicious actions. references: - https://labs.sentinelone.com/the-anatomy-of-an-apt-attack-and-cobaltstrike-beacons-encoded-configuration/ - https://ss64.com/bash/rar.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1560.001/T1560.001.md author: '@ROxPinTeddy' date: 2020-05-12 modified: 2022-03-16 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1560.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_password: CommandLine|contains: ' -hp' selection_other: CommandLine|contains: - ' -m' - ' a ' condition: selection_password and selection_other falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Winrar command line version - Other command line tools, that use these flags level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of a container with a hostPath mount. A hostPath volume mounts a directory or a file from the node to t. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: Container With A hostPath Mount Created id: 402b955c-8fe0-4a8c-b635-622b4ac5f902 status: test description: 'Detects creation of a container with a hostPath mount. A hostPath volume mounts a directory or a file from the node to the container. Attackers who have permissions to create a new pod in the cluster may create one with a writable hostPath volume and chroot to escape to the underlying node. ' references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/Writable%20hostPath%20mount/ - https://blog.appsecco.com/kubernetes-namespace-breakout-using-insecure-host-path-volume-part-1-b382f2a6e216 author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.t1611 - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: create objectRef.resource: pods hostPath: '*' condition: selection falsepositives: - The DaemonSet controller creates pods with hostPath volumes within the kube-system namespace. level: low
Query: containment actions for Multiple failed authentications followed by Direct Cloud VM Connections
Matching passage: Playbook for T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1021.008. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: lateral movement. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009), such as Azure Serial Console(Citation: Azure Se
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1021.003 Distributed Component Object Model. Different response path focused on lateral movement.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2346
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2346. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in Huawei SEQ Analyst before V200R002C03LG0001CP0022 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via the req parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0912. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. EasyCTF before 1.4 allows remote authenticated users to write executable content to files via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Portal component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.8.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0450. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Portal component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.8.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to WebCenter Spaces Application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8449. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the MovieClip object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted lineTo method call, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6058
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6058. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Edge mishandles HTML attributes in HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to bypass a cross-site scripting (XSS) protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, aka "Microsoft Edge XSS Filter Bypass."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9444. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The altos-connect plugin 1.3.0 for WordPress has XSS via the wp-content/plugins/altos-connect/jquery-validate/demo/demo/captcha/index.php/ PATH_SELF.
Query: explain T1071.004 DNS
Matching passage: T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. The DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) DNS beaconing may be used to send commands to remote systems via DNS queries. A DNS beacon is created by tunneling DNS traffic (i.e. [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572)). The commands may be embedded into different DNS records, for example, TXT or A records.(Citation: OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government) DNS beacons may be difficult to detect because the beacons infrequently communicate with infected devices.(Citation: DNS Beacons) Infrequent communication conceals the malicious DNS traffic with normal DNS traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.005 Publish/Subscribe Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using publish/subscribe (pub/sub) application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as <code>MQTT</code>, <code>XMPP</code>, <code>AMQP</code>, and <code>STOMP</code> use a publish/subscribe design, with message distribution managed by a centralized broker.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix) Publishers categorize their messages by topics, while subscribers receive messages according to their subscribed topics.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub) An adversary may abuse publish/subscribe protocols to communicate with systems under their control from behind a message broker while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Query: vulnerability: Apple QuickTime before 7.7.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a differen
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5785. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Apple QuickTime before 7.7.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5786.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1706. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1658, CVE-2015-1711, CVE-2015-1717, and CVE-2015-1718.
Query: detection rule: Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the W
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the W. Logsource: windows / wmi. Rule: title: Failed Event Log Clear Via WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog id: d4f1a2b3-7c8e-4d5f-b6a9-1e0c2d3f4e5b status: test description: 'Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the WMI-Activity operational log is an error event, meaning it is only generated when the WMI operation encounters an error (e.g. access denied, provider failure). It could be an indication of an attacker attempting to clear event logs via WMI, but failing due to insufficient privileges or other issues. Successful clearing operations will NOT produce this event; for those, correlate with Security event 1102 or System event 104. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/cimwin32prov/cleareventlog-method-in-class-win32-nteventlogfile author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-07-01 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.005 logsource: product: windows service: wmi detection: selection: EventID: 5858 Operation|contains|all: - Win32_NTEventlogFile - cleareventlog condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/builtin/wmi/win_wmi_activity_nteventlogfile_cleareventlog/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a owner is was removed from a application or service principal in Azure.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Azure Owner Removed From Application or Service Principal id: 636e30d5-3736-42ea-96b1-e6e2f8429fd6 status: test description: Identifies when a owner is was removed from a application or service principal in Azure. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/monitoring-health/reference-audit-activities#core-directory author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-03 modified: 2026-04-30 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: operationName: - Remove owner from service principal - Remove owner from application condition: selection falsepositives: - Owner being removed may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Owner removed from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: alert when Detects the execution of Python web servers via command line interface (CLI). After gaining access to target systems, ad
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Python web servers via command line interface (CLI). After gaining access to target systems, ad. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Python WebServer Execution - Linux id: 3f0f5957-04f8-4792-ad89-192b0303bde6 status: experimental description: 'Detects the execution of Python web servers via command line interface (CLI). After gaining access to target systems, adversaries may use Python''s built-in HTTP server modules to quickly establish a web server without requiring additional software. This technique is commonly used in post-exploitation scenarios as it provides a simple method for transferring files between the compromised host and attacker-controlled systems. ' references: - https://www.atomicredteam.io/atomic-red-team/atomics/T1048.003#atomic-test-8---python3-httpserver - https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.server.html - https://docs.python.org/2/library/simplehttpserver.html author: Mohamed LAKRI date: 2025-10-17 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048.003 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - /python - /python2 - /python3 - Image|contains: - /python2. - /python3. selection_module: CommandLine|contains: - http.server - SimpleHTTPServer condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Testing or development activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where a REDIS service on an OpenCanary node has had an action command attempted.. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - REDIS Action Command Attempt id: 547dfc53-ebf6-4afe-8d2e-793d9574975d status: test description: Detects instances where a REDIS service on an OpenCanary node has had an action command attempted. references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Security Onion Solutions date: 2024-03-08 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1003 - attack.t1213 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 17001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: explain T1040 Network Sniffing
Matching passage: T1040 Network Sniffing. Tactics: credential access, discovery. Description: Adversaries may passively sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data. Data captured via this technique may include user credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol. Techniques for name service resolution poisoning, such as [Name Resolution Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001), can also be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary. Network sniffing may reveal configuration details, such as running services, version numbers, and other network characteristics (e.g. IP addresses, hostnames, VLAN IDs) necessary for subsequent [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and/or [Stealth](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005) activities. Adversaries may likely also utilize network sniffing during [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) (AiTM) to passively gain additional knowledge about the environment. In cloud-based environments, adversaries may still be able to use traffic mirroring services to sniff network traffic from virtual machines. For example, AWS Traffic Mirroring, GCP Packet Mirroring, and Azure vTap allow users to define specified instances to collect traffic from and specified targets to send collected traffic to.(Citation: AWS Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: GCP Packet Mirroring)(Citation: Azure Virtual Network TAP) Often, much of this traffic will be in cleartext due to the use of TLS termination at the load balancer level to reduce the strain of encrypting and decrypting traffic.(Citation: R
Near-miss passage: T1538 Cloud Service Dashboard. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, review findings of potential security risks, and run additional queries, such as finding public IP addresses and open ports.(Citation: Google Command Center Dashboard) Depending on the configuration of the environment, an adversary may be able to enumerate more information via the graphical dashboard than an API. This also allows the adversary to gain information without manually making any API requests.
Query: common weakness: Excessive Index Range Scan for a Data Resource
Matching passage: CWE-1094 Excessive Index Range Scan for a Data Resource. The product contains an index range scan for a large data table, but the scan can cover a large number of rows.
Near-miss passage: CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling. The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Service Stop
Matching passage: T1489 Service Stop. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) Adversaries may accomplish this by disabling individual services of high importance to an organization, such as <code>MSExchangeIS</code>, which will make Exchange content inaccessible.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) In some cases, adversaries may stop or disable many or all services to render systems unusable.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Services or processes may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services or processes in order to conduct [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) on the data stores of services like Exchange and SQL Server, or on virtual machines hosted on ESXi infrastructure.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021) Threat actors may also disable or stop service in cloud environments. For example, by leveraging the `DisableAPIServiceAccess` API in AWS, a threat actor may prevent the service from creating service-linked roles on new accounts in the AWS Organization.(Citation: Datadog Security Labs Cloud Persistence 2025)(Citation: AWS DisableAWSServiceAccess)
Near-miss passage: T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Manipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for System Information Discovery
Matching passage: T1082 System Information Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This behavior is distinct from [Local Storage Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1680) which is an adversary's discovery of local drive, disks and/or volumes. Tools such as [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather detailed system information. If running with privileged access, a breakdown of system data can be gathered through the <code>systemsetup</code> configuration tool on macOS. Adversaries may leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather detailed system information (e.g. <code>show version</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) On ESXi servers, threat actors may gather system information from various esxcli utilities, such as `system hostname get` and `system version get`.(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: Varonis) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers such as AWS, GCP, and Azure allow access to instance and virtual machine information via APIs. Successful authenticated API calls can return data such as the operating system platform and status of a particular instance or the model view of a virtual machine.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Google Instances Resource)(Citation: Microsoft Virutal Machine API) [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) combined with information gathered from other forms of discovery and reconnaissance can drive payload development and concealment.(Citation: OSX.FairyTale)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1087.002 Domain Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior such as targeting specific accounts which possess particular privileges. Commands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain users and groups. [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets including <code>Get-ADUser</code> and <code>Get-ADGroupMember</code> may enumerate members of Active Directory groups.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)