alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: adversary uses Defacement
Matching passage: T1491 Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Near-miss passage: T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)
Query: detection rule: Detects creation of new Kubernetes service account, which could indicate an attacker's attempt to persist within a clust
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of new Kubernetes service account, which could indicate an attacker's attempt to persist within a clust. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: New Kubernetes Service Account Created id: e31bae15-83ed-473e-bf31-faf4f8a17d36 related: - id: 12d027c3-b48c-4d9d-8bb6-a732200034b2 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects creation of new Kubernetes service account, which could indicate an attacker''s attempt to persist within a cluster. ' references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/container%20service%20account/ author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136 logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: create objectRef.resource: serviceaccounts condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed binary often used by attackers or malware leveraging new Sysmon OriginalFileName data. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Defense Evasion Via Binary Rename id: 36480ae1-a1cb-4eaa-a0d6-29801d7e9142 related: - id: 0ba1da6d-b6ce-4366-828c-18826c9de23e type: similar status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed binary often used by attackers or malware leveraging new Sysmon OriginalFileName datapoint. references: - https://mgreen27.github.io/posts/2019/05/12/BinaryRename.html - https://mgreen27.github.io/posts/2019/05/29/BinaryRename2.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/0f229c0e42bfe7ca736a14023836d65baa941ed2/atomics/T1036.003/T1036.003.md#atomic-test-1---masquerading-as-windows-lsass-process - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/inno-setup-malware-redline-stealer-campaign.html author: Matthew Green @mgreen27, Ecco, James Pemberton @4A616D6573, oscd.community, Andreas Hunkeler (@Karneades) date: 2019-06-15 modified: 2026-06-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: - Cmd.Exe - CONHOST.EXE - 7z.exe - 7za.exe - 7zr.exe - WinRAR.exe - wevtutil.exe - net.exe - net1.exe - netsh.exe - InstallUtil.exe filter: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \conhost.exe - \7z.exe - \7za.exe - \7zr.exe - \WinRAR.exe - \wevtutil.exe - \net.exe - \net1.exe - \netsh.exe - \InstallUtil.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Custom applications use renamed binaries adding slight change to binary name. Typically this is easy to spot and add to whitelist level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_renamed_binary/info.yml
Query: describe CVE-2015-4376
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4376. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Profile2 Privacy module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "Administer Profile2 Privacy Levels" permission to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9426. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The manual-image-crop plugin before 1.11 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=mic_editor_window postId parameter.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6380
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6380. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 6.5. An unspecified script in the web interface in Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via crafted parameters, aka Bug ID CSCux10622.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3611. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. A Command Injection vulnerability exists in FortiManager 5.2.1 and earlier and FortiManager 5.0.10 and earlier via unspecified vectors, which could let a malicious user run systems commands when executing a report.
Query: detect Detecting attempts to extract passwords with grep and laZagne in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detecting attempts to extract passwords with grep and laZagne. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Credentials In Files id: 53b1b378-9b06-4992-b972-dde6e423d2b4 status: test description: Detecting attempts to extract passwords with grep and laZagne references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1552.001/T1552.001.md author: Igor Fits, Mikhail Larin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.001 logsource: product: macos category: process_creation detection: selection1: Image|endswith: /grep CommandLine|contains: password selection2: CommandLine|contains: laZagne condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to at. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Suspicious Connection to Remote Account id: 1883444f-084b-419b-ac62-e0d0c5b3693f status: test description: 'Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1110.001/T1110.001.md#atomic-test-2---brute-force-credentials-of-single-active-directory-domain-user-via-ldap-against-domain-controller-ntlm-or-kerberos author: frack113 date: 2021-12-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapDirectoryIdentifier - System.Net.NetworkCredential - System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapConnection condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: alert when Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION - PowerShell id: 20e5497e-331c-4cd5-8d36-935f6e2a9a07 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_4104: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii ScriptBlockText|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader ScriptBlockText|endswith: readtoend condition: selection_4104 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious Kerberos ticket requests via command line using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurity. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Kerberos Ticket Request via CLI id: caa9a802-8bd8-4b9e-a5cd-4d6221670219 related: - id: a861d835-af37-4930-bcd6-5b178bfb54df type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects suspicious Kerberos ticket requests via command line using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken class. Threat actors may use command line interfaces to request Kerberos tickets for service accounts in order to perform offline password cracking attacks commonly known as Kerberoasting or other Kerberos ticket abuse techniques like silver ticket attacks. ' references: - https://www.huntress.com/blog/gootloader-threat-detection-woff2-obfuscation - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1558.003/T1558.003.md#atomic-test-4---request-a-single-ticket-via-powershell - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.identitymodel.tokens.kerberosrequestorsecuritytoken?view=netframework-4.8.1 author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-11-18 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1558.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - powershell.exe - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken - .GetRequest() condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate command line usage by administrators or security tools. level: high
Query: rule covering Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: Suspicious Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing - Sysmon id: f356a9c4-effd-4608-bbf8-408afd5cd006 related: - id: 0d18728b-f5bf-4381-9dcf-915539fff6c2 type: similar status: test description: Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons references: - https://www.icebrg.io/blog/footprints-of-fin7-tracking-actor-patterns - https://www.sekoia.io/en/hunting-and-detecting-cobalt-strike/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-11-09 modified: 2023-01-16 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection1: QueryName|startswith: - aaa.stage. - post.1 selection2: QueryName|contains: .stage.123456. condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects updates to an Amazon Bedrock guardrail, which may indicate attempts to weaken model safety controls and allow un. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS Bedrock Guardrail Updated id: 1c722651-254a-4b04-a9f4-99b62a2d0a1f status: experimental description: 'Detects updates to an Amazon Bedrock guardrail, which may indicate attempts to weaken model safety controls and allow unsafe or unauthorized model responses. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/APIReference/API_UpdateGuardrail.html author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2026-07-10 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventName: UpdateGuardrail eventSource: bedrock.amazonaws.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate guardrail updates by authorized identities. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion BI+ component in Oracle Hyperion 11.1.2.2 and 11.1.2.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to R
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0509. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion BI+ component in Oracle Hyperion 11.1.2.2 and 11.1.2.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Reporting and Analysis.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8650. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8634, CVE-2015-8635, CVE-2015-8638, CVE-2015-8639, CVE-2015-8640, CVE-2015-8641, CVE-2015-8642, CVE-2015-8643, CVE-2015-8646, CVE-2015-8647, CVE-2015-8648, and CVE-2015-8649.
Query: risk of The slhc_init function in drivers/net/slip/slhc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 does not ensure that certain slot numbers are valid, which allows local users to cause a denial 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7799. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The slhc_init function in drivers/net/slip/slhc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 does not ensure that certain slot numbers are valid, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) via a crafted PPPIOCSMAXCID ioctl call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0468. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Core RDBMS component in Oracle Database Server 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, and 12.1.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Let's PHP! Frame high-speed chat before 2015-09-22 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vector
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7782. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Let's PHP! Frame high-speed chat before 2015-09-22 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9304. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The ultimate-member plugin before 1.3.18 for WordPress has XSS via text input.
Query: exploit The IBM WebSphere DataPower XC10 appliance 2.1 through 2.1.0.3 and 2.5 through 2.5.0.4 retains data on SSD cards, which might allow physically proximate attackers to obtain sensiti
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1970. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The IBM WebSphere DataPower XC10 appliance 2.1 through 2.1.0.3 and 2.5 through 2.5.0.4 retains data on SSD cards, which might allow physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by extracting a card and attaching it elsewhere.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4537. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.5. Lockbox in EMC Documentum D2 before 4.5 uses a hardcoded passphrase when a server lacks a D2.Lockbox file, which makes it easier for remote authenticated users to decrypt admin tickets by locating this passphrase in a decompiled D2 JAR archive.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects modifications to the registry key "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\Us
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects modifications to the registry key "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\Us. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Hiding User Account Via SpecialAccounts Registry Key id: f8aebc67-a56d-4ec9-9fbe-7b0e8b7b4efd related: - id: 8a58209c-7ae6-4027-afb0-307a78e4589a type: obsolete - id: 9ec9fb1b-e059-4489-9642-f270c207923d type: similar status: test description: Detects modifications to the registry key "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\Userlist" where the value is set to "0" in order to hide user account from being listed on the logon screen. references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/07/11/select-xmrig-from-sqlserver/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1564.002/T1564.002.md#atomic-test-3---create-hidden-user-in-registry author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2022-07-12 modified: 2023-01-26 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.002 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_special_accounts/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Create Hidden User in Registry technique: T1564.002 atomic_guid: 173126b7-afe4-45eb-8680-fa9f6400431c
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects that a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection was allowed, which could be an indicator of CVE-2020-1472.. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Vulnerable Netlogon Secure Channel Connection Allowed id: a0cb7110-edf0-47a4-9177-541a4083128a status: test description: Detects that a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection was allowed, which could be an indicator of CVE-2020-1472. references: - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4557222/how-to-manage-the-changes-in-netlogon-secure-channel-connections-assoc author: NVISO date: 2020-09-15 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: NetLogon EventID: 5829 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: write Sigma for Detects Obfuscated use of Environment Variables to execute PowerShell
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated use of Environment Variables to execute PowerShell. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation VAR+ Launcher - Security id: dcf2db1f-f091-425b-a821-c05875b8925a related: - id: 8ca7004b-e620-4ecb-870e-86129b5b8e75 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated use of Environment Variables to execute PowerShell references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Jonathan Cheong, oscd.community date: 2020-10-15 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The 'System Security Extension' audit subcategory need to be enabled to log the EID 4697 detection: selection: EventID: 4697 ServiceFileName|contains|all: - cmd - '"set' - -f ServiceFileName|contains: - /c - /r condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Find local accounts being created or modified as well as remote authentication configurations. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Local Accounts id: 6d844f0f-1c18-41af-8f19-33e7654edfc3 status: test description: Find local accounts being created or modified as well as remote authentication configurations author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-12 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 - attack.t1098 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - username - aaa condition: keywords falsepositives: - When remote authentication is in place, this should not change often level: high
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8069. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2588. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via vectors related to PIA Core Technology.