alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: playbook for alert: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Cloud Secrets Management Stores
Matching passage: Playbook for T1555.006 Cloud Secrets Management Stores. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1555.006. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may acquire credentials from cloud-native secret management solutions such as AWS Secrets Manager, GCP Secret Manager, Azure Key Vault, and Terraform Vault. Secrets managers support the secure centralized management of passwords, API keys, and other credential material. Where secrets managers are in use, cloud services can dynamically acquire credentials via API requests rather than ac
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1555.005 Password Managers. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8655. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted MPEG-4 data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, CVE-2015-8454, CVE-2015-8653, CVE-2015-8821, and CVE-2015-8822.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1606. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 5.5. The keyring DB in GnuPG before 2.1.2 does not properly handle invalid packets, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid read and use-after-free) via a crafted keyring file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2515
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2515. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Windows Shell in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted toolbar object, aka "Toolbar Use After Free Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5113. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4448, CVE-2015-5095, CVE-2015-5099, CVE-2015-5101, CVE-2015-5111, and CVE-2015-5114.
Query: Suspicious SSH Hijacking execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1563.001 SSH Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair. In order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack) [SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).
Near-miss passage: T1563.002 RDP Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\windows\system32\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)
Query: detection rule: Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Files in Default GPO Folder id: 5f87308a-0a5b-4623-ae15-d8fa1809bc60 status: test description: Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-november-2021/ author: elhoim date: 2022-04-28 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.005 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Policies\{31B2F340-016D-11D2-945F-00C04FB984F9}\ TargetFilename|endswith: - .dll - .exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of user-specific or system-wide environment variables via the registry. Which contains suspicious c. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Suspicious Environment Variable Has Been Registered id: 966315ef-c5e1-4767-ba25-fce9c8de3660 status: test description: Detects the creation of user-specific or system-wide environment variables via the registry. Which contains suspicious commands and strings references: - https://infosec.exchange/@sbousseaden/109542254124022664 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-20 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection_main: TargetObject|contains: \Environment\ selection_details: - Details: - powershell - pwsh - Details|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - C:\Users\Public\ - TVqQAAMAAAAEAAAA - TVpQAAIAAAAEAA8A - TVqAAAEAAAAEABAA - TVoAAAAAAAAAAAAA - TVpTAQEAAAAEAAAA - SW52b2tlL - ludm9rZS - JbnZva2Ut - SQBuAHYAbwBrAGUALQ - kAbgB2AG8AawBlAC0A - JAG4AdgBvAGsAZQAtA - Details|startswith: - SUVY - SQBFAF - SQBuAH - cwBhA - aWV4 - aQBlA - R2V0 - dmFy - dgBhA - dXNpbm - H4sIA - Y21k - cABhAH - Qzpc - Yzpc condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8662
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8662. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. The ff_dwt_decode function in libavcodec/jpeg2000dwt.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.4 does not validate the number of decomposition levels before proceeding with Discrete Wavelet Transform decoding, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JPEG 2000 data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8472. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the png_set_PLTE function in libpng before 1.0.65, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.55, 1.3.x, 1.4.x before 1.4.18, 1.5.x before 1.5.25, and 1.6.x before 1.6.20 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a small bit-depth value in an IHDR (aka image header) chunk in a PNG image. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-8126.
Query: exploit The lua_websocket_read function in lua_request.c in the mod_lua module in the Apache HTTP Server through 2.4.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (child-process 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0228. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The lua_websocket_read function in lua_request.c in the mod_lua module in the Apache HTTP Server through 2.4.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (child-process crash) by sending a crafted WebSocket Ping frame after a Lua script has called the wsupgrade function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7509. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.400000095367432. fs/ext4/namei.c in the Linux kernel before 3.7 allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a crafted no-journal filesystem, a related issue to CVE-2013-2015.
Query: explain CWE-795
Matching passage: CWE-795 Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location. The product receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-146 Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: risk of Integer signedness error in the oz_hcd_get_desc_cnf function in drivers/staging/ozwpan/ozhcd.c in the OZWPAN driver in the Linux kernel through 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to cau
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4001. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 9.0. Integer signedness error in the oz_hcd_get_desc_cnf function in drivers/staging/ozwpan/ozhcd.c in the OZWPAN driver in the Linux kernel through 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3809. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The dissect_lbmr_pser function in epan/dissectors/packet-lbmr.c in the LBMR dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.5 does not properly track the current offset, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted packet.
Query: explain CWE-1174
Matching passage: CWE-1174 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Improper Model Validation. The ASP.NET application does not use, or incorrectly uses, the model validation framework.
Near-miss passage: CWE-668 Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere. The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.
Query: write Sigma for Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Remote PowerShell Sessions Network Connections (WinRM) id: 13acf386-b8c6-4fe0-9a6e-c4756b974698 status: test description: Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986 references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190511-RemotePwshExecution/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-09-12 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 5156 DestPort: - 5985 - 5986 LayerRTID: 44 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of remote PowerShell execution level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the "gcc" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unau. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Shell Execution GCC - Linux id: 9b5de532-a757-4d70-946c-1f3e44f48b4d status: test description: 'Detects the use of the "gcc" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments. ' references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/gcc/#shell - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c89/#shell - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c99/#shell - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) date: 2024-09-02 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1083 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - /c89 - /c99 - /gcc CommandLine|contains: -wrapper selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - /bin/bash,-s - /bin/dash,-s - /bin/fish,-s - /bin/sh,-s - /bin/zsh,-s condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: weakness Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Matching passage: CWE-59 Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following'). The product attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.
Near-miss passage: CWE-561 Dead Code. The product contains dead code, which can never be executed.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1574
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1574. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. The Google Email application 4.2.2.0200 for Android allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (persistent application crash) via a "Content-Disposition: ;" header in an e-mail message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0203. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 6.5. The qpidd broker in Apache Qpid 0.30 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via an AMQP message with (1) an invalid range in a sequence set, (2) content-bearing methods other than message-transfer, or (3) a session-gap control before a corresponding session-attach.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may enumerate browser bookmarks to learn more about compromised hosts. Browser bookmarks may reveal personal. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Where Execution id: 725a9768-0f5e-4cb3-aec2-bc5719c6831a status: test description: 'Adversaries may enumerate browser bookmarks to learn more about compromised hosts. Browser bookmarks may reveal personal information about users (ex: banking sites, interests, social media, etc.) as well as details about internal network resources such as servers, tools/dashboards, or other related infrastructure. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1217/T1217.md author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-12-13 modified: 2022-06-29 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1217 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: where_exe: - Image|endswith: \where.exe - OriginalFileName: where.exe where_opt: CommandLine|contains: - places.sqlite - cookies.sqlite - formhistory.sqlite - logins.json - key4.db - key3.db - sessionstore.jsonlz4 - History - Bookmarks - Cookies - Login Data condition: all of where_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with certain flags that allow the utility to download files.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Download Via Certutil.EXE id: 19b08b1c-861d-4e75-a1ef-ea0c1baf202b related: - id: 13e6fe51-d478-4c7e-b0f2-6da9b400a829 type: similar status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with certain flags that allow the utility to download files. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil - https://forensicitguy.github.io/agenttesla-vba-certutil-download/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/04/13/compromised-exchange-server-hosting-cryptojacker-targeting-other-exchange-servers/ - https://twitter.com/egre55/status/1087685529016193025 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Certutil/ - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/08/23/certutil-one-more-gui-lolbin author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-15 modified: 2025-12-01 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_flags: CommandLine|contains: - 'urlcache ' - 'verifyctl ' - 'URL ' selection_http: CommandLine|contains: http condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_download/info.yml
Query: detection rule: Detects LOLBINs and applications that should not legitimately drop executable or executable-equivalent files to disk. Th
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects LOLBINs and applications that should not legitimately drop executable or executable-equivalent files to disk. Th. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Legitimate Application Dropped Executable id: f0540f7e-2db3-4432-b9e0-3965486744bc status: test description: 'Detects LOLBINs and applications that should not legitimately drop executable or executable-equivalent files to disk. This may indicate malware staging, process injection, or abuse of a trusted binary for payload delivery. ' references: - https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config/blob/3f808d9c022c507aae21a9346afba4a59dd533b9/sysmonconfig-export-block.xml#L1326 - https://dmpdump.github.io/posts/TelegramRat/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a0d5b30578acd1df9139e7a8a4bfc659dc2cf48f4dc0c5804b70890adeb9fa21/behavior author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-21 modified: 2026-05-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \eqnedt32.exe - \wordpad.exe - \wordview.exe - \certutil.exe - \certoc.exe - \CertReq.exe - \Desktopimgdownldr.exe - \esentutl.exe - \mshta.exe - \AcroRd32.exe - \RdrCEF.exe - \hh.exe - \finger.exe TargetFilename|endswith: - .com - .dll - .exe - .jar - .ocx - .pyc condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_susp_legitimate_app_dropping_exe/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of default named pipe used by the DiagTrackEoP POC, a tool that abuses "SeImpersonate" privilege.. Logsource: windows / pipe_created. Rule: title: HackTool - DiagTrackEoP Default Named Pipe id: 1f7025a6-e747-4130-aac4-961eb47015f1 status: test description: Detects creation of default named pipe used by the DiagTrackEoP POC, a tool that abuses "SeImpersonate" privilege. references: - https://github.com/Wh04m1001/DiagTrackEoP/blob/3a2fc99c9700623eb7dc7d4b5f314fd9ce5ef51f/main.cpp#L22 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-03 modified: 2023-08-07 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows category: pipe_created definition: Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575 detection: selection: PipeName|contains: thisispipe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0463
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0463. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.2, 6.3.0, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, and 6.3.6 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1205. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google Chrome before 40.0.2214.91 allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown vectors.