alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Disable Crypto Hardware
Matching passage: T1600.002 Disable Crypto Hardware. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries disable a network device’s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data. Many network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1600 Weaken Encryption. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key. Adversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device’s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in October CMS build 271 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving a file title, a d
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5613. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in October CMS build 271 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving a file title, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5612.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1475. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in my little forum 2.3.3, 2.2, and 1.7 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) page or (2) category parameter to forum.php or the (3) page or (4) order parameter to (a) board_entry.php or (b) forum_entry.php.
Query: exploit Heap-based buffer overflow in the stagefright::ESDS::parseESDescriptor function in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 allows remote atta
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4493. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the stagefright::ESDS::parseESDescriptor function in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an invalid size field in an esds chunk in MPEG-4 video data, a related issue to CVE-2015-1539.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3145. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The sanitize_cookie_path function in cURL and libcurl 7.31.0 through 7.41.0 does not properly calculate an index, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write and crash) or possibly have other unspecified impact via a cookie path containing only a double-quote character.
Query: hunt for Ingress Tool Transfer activity
Matching passage: T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095). Once present, adversaries may also transfer/spread tools between victim devices within a compromised environment (i.e. [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570)). On Windows, adversaries may use various utilities to download tools, such as `copy`, `finger`, [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160), and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands such as <code>IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString()</code> and <code>Invoke-WebRequest</code>. On Linux and macOS systems, a variety of utilities also exist, such as `curl`, `scp`, `sftp`, `tftp`, `rsync`, `finger`, and `wget`.(Citation: t1105_lolbas) A number of these tools, such as `wget`, `curl`, and `scp`, also exist on ESXi. After downloading a file, a threat actor may attempt to verify its integrity by checking its hash value (e.g., via `certutil -hashfile`).(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence COSCMICENERGY 2023) Adversaries may also abuse installers and package managers, such as `yum` or `winget`, to download tools to victim hosts. Adversaries have also abused file application features, such as the Windows `search-ms` protocol handler, to deliver malicious files to victims through remote file searches invoked by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) (typically after interacting with [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) lures).(Citation: T1105: Trellix_search-ms) Files can also be transferred using various [Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)s as well as native or otherwise present tools on the victim system.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) In some cases, adve
Near-miss passage: T1071.001 Web Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Adminsystems CMS before 4.0.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) page parameter to ind
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1603. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Adminsystems CMS before 4.0.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) page parameter to index.php or (2) id parameter in a users_users action to asys/site/system.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5484. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Plotly plugin before 1.0.3 for WordPress allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a post.
Query: risk of Integer overflow in the PL_ARENA_ALLOCATE implementation in Netscape Portable Runtime (NSPR) in Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) before 3.19.2.1 and 3.20.x before 3.20.1, as
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7183. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the PL_ARENA_ALLOCATE implementation in Netscape Portable Runtime (NSPR) in Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) before 3.19.2.1 and 3.20.x before 3.20.1, as used in Firefox before 42.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2379. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, Office for Mac 2011, and Word Viewer allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Spotlight module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary we
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6808. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Spotlight module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3988. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) 2015.1.0 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the metadata to a (1) Glance image, (2) Nova flavor or (3) Host Aggregate.
Query: Sigma YAML for linux / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects abuse of the cron utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Detec. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Scheduled Cron Task/Job - Linux id: 6b14bac8-3e3a-4324-8109-42f0546a347f status: test description: Detects abuse of the cron utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Detection will focus on crontab jobs uploaded from the tmp folder. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1053.003/T1053.003.md author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community date: 2020-10-06 modified: 2022-11-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1053.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: crontab CommandLine|contains: /tmp/ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect when System Manager successfully executes commands against an instance.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: Potential Malicious Usage of CloudTrail System Manager id: 38e7f511-3f74-41d4-836e-f57dfa18eead status: test description: 'Detect when System Manager successfully executes commands against an instance. ' references: - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/blob/v8.6.0/rules/integrations/aws/initial_access_via_system_manager.toml author: jamesc-grafana date: 2024-07-11 modified: 2025-12-08 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.t1566 - attack.t1566.002 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection_event: eventName: SendCommand eventSource: ssm.amazonaws.com selection_status_success: errorCode: Success selection_status_null: errorCode: null condition: selection_event and 1 of selection_status_* falsepositives: - There are legitimate uses of SSM to send commands to EC2 instances - Legitimate users may have to use SSM to perform actions against machines in the Cloud to update or maintain them level: high
Query: Suspicious Communication Through Removable Media execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1092 Communication Through Removable Media. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.
Near-miss passage: T1102.003 One-Way Communication. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems may opt to send the output from those commands back over a different C2 channel, including to another distinct Web service. Alternatively, compromised systems may return no output at all in cases where adversaries want to send instructions to systems and do not want a response. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Defacement
Matching passage: T1491 Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Near-miss passage: T1491.001 Internal Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users, thus discrediting the integrity of the systems. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites or server login messages, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Varonis) Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. Since internally defacing systems exposes an adversary's presence, it often takes place after other intrusion goals have been accomplished.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in the pcnet_receive function in hw/net/pcnet.c in QEMU, when a guest NIC has a larger MTU, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (guest OS crash) or
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7512. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 9.0. Buffer overflow in the pcnet_receive function in hw/net/pcnet.c in QEMU, when a guest NIC has a larger MTU, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (guest OS crash) or execute arbitrary code via a large packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10065. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as critical was found in AenBleidd FiND. This vulnerability affects the function init_result of the file validator/my_validator.cpp. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. The patch is identified as ee2eef34a83644f286c9adcaf30437f92e9c48f1. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-218458 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2758
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2758. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.5. The ePO extension in McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint (DLPe) before 9.3 Patch 4 Hotfix 16 (9.3.416.4) allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information, modify the database, or possibly have other unspecified impact via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6643. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Setup Wizard in Android 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY49F and 6.0 before 2016-01-01 allows physically proximate attackers to modify settings or bypass a reset protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, aka internal bug 25290269.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0873
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0873. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Homepage Decorator PerlTreeBBS 2.30 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4714. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the DreamBox DM500-S allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the mode parameter to /body.
Query: exploit CRLF injection vulnerability in export.cfg in the web-based administrative console for Sierra Wireless AirCard 760S, 762S, and 763S allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary head
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2054. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. CRLF injection vulnerability in export.cfg in the web-based administrative console for Sierra Wireless AirCard 760S, 762S, and 763S allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary headers via CRLF sequences in the save parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2813. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in SAP Mobile Platform allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via crafted XML, aka SAP Security Note 2125358.
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in the RenderFrameImpl::OnMessageReceived function in content/renderer/render_frame_impl.cc in Google Chrome before 42.0.2311.90 allows remote attacker
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1237. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the RenderFrameImpl::OnMessageReceived function in content/renderer/render_frame_impl.cc in Google Chrome before 42.0.2311.90 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors that trigger renderer IPC messages during a detach operation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1095. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. IOHIDFamily in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted HID device.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0196
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0196. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. CRLF injection vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 6.0 through 6.0.0.11 and 7.0 before 7.0.0.8 Cumulative iFix 2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6756. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the CPDFSDK_PageView implementation in fpdfsdk/src/fsdk_mgr.cpp in PDFium, as used in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging mishandling of a focused annotation in a PDF document.
Query: weakness Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Matching passage: CWE-131 Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size. The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1250 Improper Preservation of Consistency Between Independent Representations of Shared State. The product has or supports multiple distributed components or sub-systems that are each required to keep their own local copy of shared data - such as state or cache - but the product does not ensure that all local copies remain consistent with each other.
Query: alert when Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legi. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Remove Account From Domain Admin Group id: 48a45d45-8112-416b-8a67-46e03a4b2107 status: test description: 'Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1531/T1531.md#atomic-test-3---remove-account-from-domain-admin-group author: frack113 date: 2021-12-26 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1531 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Remove-ADGroupMember - '-Identity ' - '-Members ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect set EnableFirewall to 0 to disable the Windows firewall. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Disable Windows Firewall by Registry id: e78c408a-e2ea-43cd-b5ea-51975cf358c0 status: test description: Detect set EnableFirewall to 0 to disable the Windows firewall references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1562.004/T1562.004.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\WindowsFirewall\StandardProfile\EnableFirewall - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\WindowsFirewall\DomainProfile\EnableFirewall Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: explain CWE-469
Matching passage: CWE-469 Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size. The product subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.
Near-miss passage: CWE-621 Variable Extraction Error. The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.