alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects when the Notepad++ updater (gup.exe) makes DNS queries to domains that are not part of the known legitimate upda in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the Notepad++ updater (gup.exe) makes DNS queries to domains that are not part of the known legitimate upda. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: Notepad++ Updater DNS Query to Uncommon Domains id: 2074e137-1b73-4e2d-88ba-5a3407dbdce0 status: experimental description: 'Detects when the Notepad++ updater (gup.exe) makes DNS queries to domains that are not part of the known legitimate update infrastructure. This could indicate potential exploitation of the updater mechanism or suspicious network activity that warrants further investigation. ' references: - https://notepad-plus-plus.org/news/v889-released/ - https://www.heise.de/en/news/Notepad-updater-installed-malware-11109726.html - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/tr-chrysalis-backdoor-dive-into-lotus-blossoms-toolkit/ - https://www.validin.com/blog/exploring_notepad_plus_plus_network_indicators/ - https://securelist.com/notepad-supply-chain-attack/118708/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-02-02 modified: 2026-03-16 tags: - attack.collection - attack.credential-access - attack.t1195.002 - attack.initial-access - attack.t1557 logsource: category: dns_query product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \gup.exe filter_main_notepad_legit_domain: QueryName: notepad-plus-plus.org filter_optional_sourceforge_legit_domain: QueryName|endswith: .sourceforge.net filter_optional_github_legit_domain: - QueryName|endswith: .githubusercontent.com - QueryName: github.com filter_optional_google_storage_legit_domain: QueryName|endswith: .googleapis.com filter_optional_uncommon_domains: QueryName|endswith: - .azurewebsites.net - block.opendns.com - gateway.zscalerthree.net condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Some legitimate network misconfigurations or proxy issues causing unexpected DNS queries. - Other legitimate query to official domains not listed in the filter, needing tuning. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the desktopimgdownldr utility being used to download a remote file. An adversary may use desktopimgdownldr to do. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote File Download Via Desktopimgdownldr Utility id: 214641c2-c579-4ecb-8427-0cf19df6842e status: test description: Detects the desktopimgdownldr utility being used to download a remote file. An adversary may use desktopimgdownldr to download arbitrary files as an alternative to certutil. references: - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/remote-file-download-via-desktopimgdownldr-utility.html author: Tim Rauch, Elastic (idea) date: 2022-09-27 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \desktopimgdownldr.exe ParentImage|endswith: \desktopimgdownldr.exe CommandLine|contains: /lockscreenurl:http condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: alert when Detect set DisallowRun to 1 to prevent user running specific computer program
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect set DisallowRun to 1 to prevent user running specific computer program. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Add DisallowRun Execution to Registry id: 275641a5-a492-45e2-a817-7c81e9d9d3e9 status: test description: Detect set DisallowRun to 1 to prevent user running specific computer program references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1112/T1112.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\DisallowRun Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious Windows Update Agent activity in which a wuauclt.exe process command line doesn't contain any command. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Windows Update Agent Empty Cmdline id: 52d097e2-063e-4c9c-8fbb-855c8948d135 status: test description: 'Detects suspicious Windows Update Agent activity in which a wuauclt.exe process command line doesn''t contain any command line flags ' references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/blackbyte-ransomware/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-02-26 modified: 2023-11-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \Wuauclt.exe - OriginalFileName: Wuauclt.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|endswith: - Wuauclt - Wuauclt.exe condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-1804
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1804. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 8.5. The bdfReadCharacters function in bitmap/bdfread.c in X.Org libXfont before 1.4.9 and 1.5.x before 1.5.1 does not properly perform type conversion for metrics values, which allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted BDF font file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8891. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Multiple integer overflows in app/aboot/aboot.c in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-07-05 on Nexus 5 and 7 (2013) devices allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted image, aka Android internal bug 28842418 and Qualcomm internal bug CR813930.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0404
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0404. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Framework component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.2, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Error Messages.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8057. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2663
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2663. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3.0 through 6.3.7 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Business Process Automation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8049. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the TextField object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted autoSize property value, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: risk of CFNetwork in Apple iOS before 8.3 does not delete HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) state information in response to a Safari history-clearing action, which allows attackers to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1090. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. CFNetwork in Apple iOS before 8.3 does not delete HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) state information in response to a Safari history-clearing action, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading a history file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5880. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. CoreAnimation in Apple iOS before 9 allows attackers to bypass intended IOSurface restrictions and obtain screen-framebuffer access via a crafted background app.
Query: containment actions for Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Domain Generation Algorithms
Matching passage: Playbook for T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1568.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can c
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1568.003 DNS Calculation. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: exploit The crash reporting feature in Apport 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted usr/share/apport/apport file in a namespace (container).
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1318. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The crash reporting feature in Apport 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted usr/share/apport/apport file in a namespace (container).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3793. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. CFPreferences in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 allows attackers to bypass the third-party app-sandbox protection mechanism and read arbitrary managed preferences via a crafted app.
Query: EDR alert: possible Exfiltration Over Web Service (T1567)
Matching passage: T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services. Web service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Near-miss passage: T1567.002 Exfiltration to Cloud Storage. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet. Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service.
Query: exploit Atlassian Confluence before 5.8.17 allows remote authenticated users to read configuration files via the decoratorName parameter to (1) spaces/viewdefaultdecorator.action or (2) ad
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8399. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Atlassian Confluence before 5.8.17 allows remote authenticated users to read configuration files via the decoratorName parameter to (1) spaces/viewdefaultdecorator.action or (2) admin/viewdefaultdecorator.action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7902. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 provides different error messages for failed login attempts in unspecified circumstances, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a series of requests.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5206
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5206. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the HTTP/2 experimental feature in Apache Traffic Server before 5.3.x before 5.3.2 has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5168.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4788. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect integrity and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4774 and CVE-2015-4779.
Query: adversary uses Remote Access Hardware
Matching passage: T1219.003 Remote Access Hardware. Tactics: command and control. Description: An adversary may use legitimate remote access hardware to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services, including IP-based keyboard, video, or mouse (KVM) devices such as TinyPilot and PiKVM, are commonly used as legitimate tools and may be allowed by peripheral device policies within a target environment. Remote access hardware may be physically installed and used post-compromise as an alternate communications channel for redundant access or as a way to establish an interactive remote session with the target system. Using hardware-based remote access tools may allow threat actors to bypass software security solutions and gain more control over the compromised device(s).(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 North Korean IT Workers 2024)(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence DPRK IT Workers 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1219.002 Remote Desktop Software. Tactics: command and control. Description: An adversary may use legitimate desktop support software to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. Desktop support software provides a graphical interface for remotely controlling another computer, transmitting the display output, keyboard input, and mouse control between devices using various protocols. Desktop support software, such as `VNC`, `Team Viewer`, `AnyDesk`, `ScreenConnect`, `LogMein`, `AmmyyAdmin`, and other remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools, are commonly used as legitimate technical support software and may be allowed by application control within a target environment.(Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)(Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report)(Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy) Remote access modules/features may also exist as part of otherwise existing software such as Zoom or Google Chrome’s Remote Desktop.(Citation: Google Chrome Remote Desktop)(Citation: Chrome Remote Desktop)
Query: ATT&CK technique for Input Capture
Matching passage: T1056 Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).
Near-miss passage: T1056.001 Keylogging. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successfully captured. In order to increase the likelihood of capturing credentials quickly, an adversary may also perform actions such as clearing browser cookies to force users to reauthenticate to systems.(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021) Keylogging is the most prevalent type of input capture, with many different ways of intercepting keystrokes.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Some methods include: * Hooking API callbacks used for processing keystrokes. Unlike [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004), this focuses solely on API functions intended for processing keystroke data. * Reading raw keystroke data from the hardware buffer. * Windows Registry modifications. * Custom drivers. * [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may provide adversaries with hooks into the operating system of network devices to read raw keystrokes for login sessions.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2992
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2992. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Apache Struts before 2.3.20 has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0656. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the login page in Cisco Network Analysis Module (NAM) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCum81269.
Query: Suspicious Threat Intel Vendors execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: vulnerability: Cisco Prime Network Services Controller 3.0 allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary commands via additional parameters to an unspecified com
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6426. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Cisco Prime Network Services Controller 3.0 allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary commands via additional parameters to an unspecified command, aka Bug ID CSCus99427.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2672. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The xsave/xrstor implementation in arch/x86/include/asm/xsave.h in the Linux kernel before 3.19.2 creates certain .altinstr_replacement pointers and consequently does not provide any protection against instruction faulting, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic) by triggering a fault, as demonstrated by an unaligned memory operand or a non-canonical address memory operand.