alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection rule: Detects a core dump of a crashing Nginx worker process, which could be a signal of a serious problem or exploitation att
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a core dump of a crashing Nginx worker process, which could be a signal of a serious problem or exploitation att. Logsource: nginx. Rule: title: Nginx Core Dump id: 59ec40bb-322e-40ab-808d-84fa690d7e56 status: test description: Detects a core dump of a crashing Nginx worker process, which could be a signal of a serious problem or exploitation attempts. references: - https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/monitoring/debugging/#enabling-core-dumps - https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2021-002-nginx-resolver-copy/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-05-31 modified: 2023-05-08 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1499.004 logsource: service: nginx detection: keywords: - exited on signal 6 (core dumped) condition: keywords falsepositives: - Serious issues with a configuration or plugin level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive via PowerShell. This technique is often used as a method to load mali. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious FromBase64String Usage On Gzip Archive - Process Creation id: d75d6b6b-adb9-48f7-824b-ac2e786efe1f related: - id: df69cb1d-b891-4cd9-90c7-d617d90100ce type: similar status: test description: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive via PowerShell. This technique is often used as a method to load malicious content into memory afterward. references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=43 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-23 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1132.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - FromBase64String - MemoryStream - H4sI condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Query: common weakness: Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting
Matching passage: CWE-623 Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting. An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
Near-miss passage: CWE-917 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection'). The product constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a framework such as a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.
Query: what is T1553.002
Matching passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Near-miss passage: T1553.001 Gatekeeper Bypass. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify file attributes and subvert Gatekeeper functionality to evade user prompts and execute untrusted programs. Gatekeeper is a set of technologies that act as layer of Apple’s security model to ensure only trusted applications are executed on a host. Gatekeeper was built on top of File Quarantine in Snow Leopard (10.6, 2009) and has grown to include Code Signing, security policy compliance, Notarization, and more. Gatekeeper also treats applications running for the first time differently than reopened applications.(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag)(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany apple notarization ) Based on an opt-in system, when files are downloaded an extended attribute (xattr) called `com.apple.quarantine` (also known as a quarantine flag) can be set on the file by the application performing the download. Launch Services opens the application in a suspended state. For first run applications with the quarantine flag set, Gatekeeper executes the following functions: 1. Checks extended attribute – Gatekeeper checks for the quarantine flag, then provides an alert prompt to the user to allow or deny execution.(Citation: OceanLotus for OS X)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) 2. Checks System Policies - Gatekeeper checks the system security policy, allowing execution of apps downloaded from either just the App Store or the App Store and identified developers. 3. Code Signing – Gatekeeper checks for a valid code signature from an Apple Developer ID. 4. Notarization - Using the `api.apple-cloudkit.com` API, Gatekeeper reaches out to Apple servers to verify or pull down the notarization ticket and ensure the ticket is not revoked. Users can override notarization, which will result in a prompt of executing an “unauthorized app” and the security policy will be modified. Adversaries can subvert one or multiple security controls within Gatekeeper checks through logic errors (e.g. [Exploitation for Stealth](https://a
Query: risk of Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.24.1 allows remote attackers to manipulate Struts internals, alter user sessions, or affect container settings via vectors involving a top object.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5209. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.24.1 allows remote attackers to manipulate Struts internals, alter user sessions, or affect container settings via vectors involving a top object.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4197. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cisco NX-OS 5.2(5) on Nexus 7000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) by sending a malformed LLDP packet on the local network, aka Bug ID CSCud89415.
Query: vulnerability: The DNS implementation in Cisco Videoscape Distribution Suite for Internet Streaming (VDS-IS) 3.2(1) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption and netwo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0671. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The DNS implementation in Cisco Videoscape Distribution Suite for Internet Streaming (VDS-IS) 3.2(1) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption and network-resource consumption) via crafted packets, aka Bug ID CSCun15911.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6271. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE 2.1.0 through 2.4.3 and 2.5.0 on ASR 1000 devices, when NAT Application Layer Gateway is used, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted SIP packet, aka Bug IDs CSCta74749 and CSCta77008.
Query: exploit The DoIdentityDialog method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Ac
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6711. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The DoIdentityDialog method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4914. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.1.3.5, 11.1.1.7, 11.1.1.9, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Web Listener.
Query: weakness Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information
Matching passage: CWE-498 Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information. The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.
Near-miss passage: CWE-628 Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments. The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Credentials in Registry
Matching passage: T1552.002 Credentials in Registry. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons. Example commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials) * Local Machine Hive: <code>reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code> * Current User Hive: <code>reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>
Near-miss passage: T1552.007 Container API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) An adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components.
Query: risk of Open redirect vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF17 and 8.5.0 before CF06 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1921. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF17 and 8.5.0 before CF06 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0457. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Java VM component in Oracle Database Server 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2629.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2614
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2614. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to NVM Express SSD driver.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0455. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the XDB - XML Database component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0647
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0647. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.2, and 15.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via malformed Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) UDP packets, aka Bug ID CSCum98371.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8040. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The rtsp_getdlsendtime method in the CNC_Ctrl control in Samsung SmartViewer allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an index value.
Query: detection rule: Detects changes to of the IIS server configuration in order to disable HTTP logging for successful requests.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to of the IIS server configuration in order to disable HTTP logging for successful requests.. Logsource: windows / iis-configuration. Rule: title: HTTP Logging Disabled On IIS Server id: e8ebd53a-30c2-45bd-81bb-74befba07bdb status: test description: Detects changes to of the IIS server configuration in order to disable HTTP logging for successful requests. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/manage/provisioning-and-managing-iis/configure-logging-in-iis - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/12/12/iis-modules-the-evolution-of-web-shells-and-how-to-detect-them/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/configuration/system.webserver/httplogging author: frack113 date: 2024-10-06 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.001 - attack.t1505.004 logsource: product: windows service: iis-configuration detection: selection: EventID: 29 Configuration: /system.webServer/httpLogging/@dontLog NewValue: 'true' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Gpg4win to encrypt/decrypt files located in potentially suspicious locations.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Encryption/Decryption Via Gpg4win From Suspicious Locations id: e1e0b7d7-e10b-4ee4-ac49-a4bda05d320d status: test description: Detects usage of Gpg4win to encrypt/decrypt files located in potentially suspicious locations. references: - https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2022/11/batloader-the-evasive-downloader-malware.html - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2022/01/19/zloader-installs-remote-access-backdoors-and-delivers-cobalt-strike/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-11-30 modified: 2023-08-09 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_metadata: - Image|endswith: - \gpg.exe - \gpg2.exe - Product: GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG) - Description: GnuPG’s OpenPGP tool selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: -passphrase selection_paths: CommandLine|contains: - :\PerfLogs\ - :\Temp\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \AppData\Roaming\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3056
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3056. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-9161, CVE-2015-3046, CVE-2015-3049, CVE-2015-3050, CVE-2015-3051, CVE-2015-3052, CVE-2015-3057, CVE-2015-3070, and CVE-2015-3076.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3669. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3664 and CVE-2015-3665.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3008
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3008. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Asterisk Open Source 1.8 before 1.8.32.3, 11.x before 11.17.1, 12.x before 12.8.2, and 13.x before 13.3.2 and Certified Asterisk 1.8.28 before 1.8.28-cert5, 11.6 before 11.6-cert11, and 13.1 before 13.1-cert2, when registering a SIP TLS device, does not properly handle a null byte in a domain name in the subject's Common Name (CN) field of an X.509 certificate, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof arbitrary SSL servers via a crafted certificate issued by a legitimate Certification Authority.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2323. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. FortiOS 5.0.x before 5.0.12 and 5.2.x before 5.2.4 supports anonymous, export, RC4, and possibly other weak ciphers when using TLS to connect to FortiGuard servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof TLS content by modifying packets.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1370
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1370. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in marked 0.3.2 and earlier for Node.js allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a vbscript tag in a link.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4743. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to AD Utilities.
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Node basket module for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3381. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Node basket module for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2934. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2 does not properly handle when the Zend interpreter xml_parse function does not expand entities, which allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted SVG file.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Non-Application Layer Protocol
Matching passage: T1095 Non-Application Layer Protocol. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL). ICMP communication between hosts is one example.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Because ICMP is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, it is required to be implemented by all IP-compatible hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ICMP) However, it is not as commonly monitored as other Internet Protocols such as TCP or UDP and may be used by adversaries to hide communications. In ESXi environments, adversaries may leverage the Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) for communication between guest virtual machines and the ESXi host. This traffic is similar to client-server communications on traditional network sockets but is localized to the physical machine running the ESXi host, meaning it does not traverse external networks (routers, switches). This results in communications that are invisible to external monitoring and standard networking tools like tcpdump, netstat, nmap, and Wireshark. By adding a VMCI backdoor to a compromised ESXi host, adversaries may persistently regain access from any guest VM to the compromised ESXi host’s backdoor, regardless of network segmentation or firewall rules in place.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence VMWare ESXi Zero-Day 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1102 Web Service. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites, cloud services, and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google, Microsoft, or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise.(Citation: Broadcom BirdyClient Microsoft Graph API 2024) Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. Use of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).
Query: explain CWE-1338
Matching passage: CWE-1338 Improper Protections Against Hardware Overheating. A hardware device is missing or has inadequate protection features to prevent overheating.
Near-miss passage: CWE-487 Reliance on Package-level Scope. Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
Query: SIEM correlation: execution activity consistent with Scheduled Task/Job
Matching passage: T1053 Scheduled Task/Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provided the proper authentication is met (ex: RPC and file and printer sharing in Windows environments). Scheduling a task on a remote system typically may require being a member of an admin or otherwise privileged group on the remote system.(Citation: TechNet Task Scheduler Security) Adversaries may use task scheduling to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. These mechanisms can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as one with elevated permissions/privileges). Similar to [System Binary Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218), adversaries have also abused task scheduling to potentially mask one-time execution under a trusted system process.(Citation: ProofPoint Serpent)
Near-miss passage: T1053.003 Cron. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems. The <code> crontab</code> file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any <code>crontab</code> files are stored in operating system-specific file paths. An adversary may use <code>cron</code> in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). In ESXi environments, cron jobs must be created directly via the crontab file (e.g., `/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root`).(Citation: CloudSEK ESXiArgs 2023)