alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of The SoapClient::__call method in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 does not verify that __default_headers is an array, which allows 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4147. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.5. The SoapClient::__call method in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 does not verify that __default_headers is an array, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by providing crafted serialized data with an unexpected data type, related to a "type confusion" issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7971. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Xen 3.2.x through 4.6.x does not limit the number of printk console messages when logging certain pmu and profiling hypercalls, which allows local guests to cause a denial of service via a sequence of crafted (1) HYPERCALL_xenoprof_op hypercalls, which are not properly handled in the do_xenoprof_op function in common/xenoprof.c, or (2) HYPERVISOR_xenpmu_op hypercalls, which are not properly handled in the do_xenpmu_op function in arch/x86/cpu/vpmu.c.
Query: exploit Off-by-one error in the phar_parse_zipfile function in ext/phar/zip.c in PHP before 5.5.30 and 5.6.x before 5.6.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (uninitializ
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7804. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Off-by-one error in the phar_parse_zipfile function in ext/phar/zip.c in PHP before 5.5.30 and 5.6.x before 5.6.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (uninitialized pointer dereference and application crash) by including the / filename in a .zip PHAR archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4001. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 9.0. Integer signedness error in the oz_hcd_get_desc_cnf function in drivers/staging/ozwpan/ozhcd.c in the OZWPAN driver in the Linux kernel through 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.
Query: playbook for alert: SIEM correlation: command and control activity consistent with IDE Tunneling
Matching passage: Playbook for T1219.001 IDE Tunneling. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1219.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software with remote development features to establish an interactive command and control channel on target systems within a network. IDE tunneling combines SSH, port forwarding, file sharing, and debugging into a single secure connection, letting developers work on remote systems as if they were local. Unlike SSH and port forwarding,
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1219.002 Remote Desktop Software. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the use of Windows Defender MpCmdRun.EXE to download files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Windows Defender MpCmdRun.EXE to download files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Download Via Windows Defender MpCmpRun.EXE id: 46123129-1024-423e-9fae-43af4a0fa9a5 status: test description: Detects the use of Windows Defender MpCmdRun.EXE to download files references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20200903194959/https://twitter.com/djmtshepana/status/1301608169496612866 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/MpCmdRun/ author: Matthew Matchen date: 2020-09-04 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: MpCmdRun.exe - Image|endswith: \MpCmdRun.exe - CommandLine|contains: MpCmdRun.exe - Description: Microsoft Malware Protection Command Line Utility selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - DownloadFile - url condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell scripts that make use of the "Compress-Archive" Cmdlet in order to compress folders and files where t. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Folder Compress To Potentially Suspicious Output Via Compress-Archive Cmdlet id: 85a8e5ba-bd03-4bfb-bbfa-a4409a8f8b98 related: - id: 71ff406e-b633-4989-96ec-bc49d825a412 type: similar - id: daf7eb81-35fd-410d-9d7a-657837e602bb type: similar - id: b7a3c9a3-09ea-4934-8864-6a32cacd98d9 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects PowerShell scripts that make use of the "Compress-Archive" Cmdlet in order to compress folders and files where the output is stored in a potentially suspicious location that is used often by malware for exfiltration. An adversary might compress data (e.g., sensitive documents) that is collected prior to exfiltration in order to make it portable and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1074.001/T1074.001.md - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-347a author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2021-07-20 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1074.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath $env:TEMP - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath*\AppData\Local\Temp\ - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath*:\Windows\Temp\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-7849
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7849. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote authenticated users to possibly execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (crash) via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5221. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 5.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the mif_process_cmpt function in libjasper/mif/mif_cod.c in the JasPer JPEG-2000 library before 1.900.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted JPEG 2000 image file.
Query: write Sigma for Detects common NTLM brute force device names
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects common NTLM brute force device names. Logsource: windows / ntlm. Rule: title: NTLM Brute Force id: 9c8acf1a-cbf9-4db6-b63c-74baabe03e59 status: test description: Detects common NTLM brute force device names references: - https://www.varonis.com/blog/investigate-ntlm-brute-force author: Jerry Shockley '@jsh0x' date: 2022-02-02 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 logsource: product: windows service: ntlm definition: Requires events from Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational detection: selection: EventID: 8004 devicename: WorkstationName: - Rdesktop - Remmina - Freerdp - Windows7 - Windows8 - Windows2012 - Windows2016 - Windows2019 condition: selection and devicename falsepositives: - Systems with names equal to the spoofed ones used by the brute force tools level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of firewall address objects on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall.. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - Firewall Address Object Added id: 5c8d7b41-3812-432f-a0bb-4cfb7c31827e status: experimental description: Detects the addition of firewall address objects on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/306021697/config-firewall-address - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 modified: 2026-05-04 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.002 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: firewall.address condition: selection falsepositives: - An address could be added or deleted for legitimate purposes. level: medium
Query: SOC alert related to XPC Services
Matching passage: T1559.003 XPC Services. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries can provide malicious content to an XPC service daemon for local code execution. macOS uses XPC services for basic inter-process communication between various processes, such as between the XPC Service daemon and third-party application privileged helper tools. Applications can send messages to the XPC Service daemon, which runs as root, using the low-level XPC Service <code>C API</code> or the high level <code>NSXPCConnection API</code> in order to handle tasks that require elevated privileges (such as network connections). Applications are responsible for providing the protocol definition which serves as a blueprint of the XPC services. Developers typically use XPC Services to provide applications stability and privilege separation between the application client and the daemon.(Citation: creatingXPCservices)(Citation: Designing Daemons Apple Dev) Adversaries can abuse XPC services to execute malicious content. Requests for malicious execution can be passed through the application's XPC Services handler.(Citation: CVMServer Vuln)(Citation: Learn XPC Exploitation) This may also include identifying and abusing improper XPC client validation and/or poor sanitization of input parameters to conduct [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).
Near-miss passage: T1559.001 Component Object Model. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically binary Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Remote COM execution is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM).(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Various COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exist to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors related to privilege escalation and persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3245
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3245. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in the chfn function in libuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used in the userhelper program in the usermode package, allows local users to cause a denial of service (/etc/passwd corruption) via a newline character in the GECOS field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1105. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The TCP implementation in the kernel in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 does not properly implement the Urgent (aka out-of-band data) mechanism, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted packets.
Query: weakness Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements
Matching passage: CWE-163 Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-359 Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product does not properly prevent a person's private, personal information from being accessed by actors who either (1) are not explicitly authorized to access the information or (2) do not have the implicit consent of the person about whom the information is collected.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6398
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6398. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. Cisco Nexus 9000 Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) Mode switches with software before 11.0(1c) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via an IPv4 ICMP packet with the IP Record Route option, aka Bug ID CSCuq57512.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6422. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.0. The self-service application in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (CUCDM) 10.6(1) allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (subapplication outage) via malformed requests, aka Bug ID CSCuu10981.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects usage of the Get-ADComputer cmdlet to collect computer information and output it to a file
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the Get-ADComputer cmdlet to collect computer information and output it to a file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Computer Discovery And Export Via Get-ADComputer Cmdlet id: 435e10e4-992a-4281-96f3-38b11106adde related: - id: db885529-903f-4c5d-9864-28fe199e6370 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of the Get-ADComputer cmdlet to collect computer information and output it to a file references: - http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/09/lazarus-three-rats.html - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/10/18/defenders-beware-a-case-for-post-ransomware-investigations/ - https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/aa22-320a_joint_csa_iranian_government-sponsored_apt_actors_compromise_federal%20network_deploy_crypto%20miner_credential_harvester.pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-11-10 modified: 2022-11-17 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'Get-ADComputer ' - ' -Filter \*' CommandLine|contains: - ' > ' - ' | Select ' - Out-File - Set-Content - Add-Content condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate admin scripts may use the same technique, it's better to exclude specific computers or users who execute these commands or scripts often level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries can carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. This rule is built to detect. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Virtualbox Driver Installation or Starting of VMs id: bab049ca-7471-4828-9024-38279a4c04da status: test description: Adversaries can carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. This rule is built to detect the registration of the Virtualbox driver or start of a Virtualbox VM. references: - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/ - https://threatpost.com/maze-ransomware-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine/159350/ author: Janantha Marasinghe date: 2020-09-26 modified: 2025-07-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.006 - attack.t1564 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_1: CommandLine|contains: - VBoxRT.dll,RTR3Init - VBoxC.dll - VBoxDrv.sys selection_2: CommandLine|contains: - startvm - controlvm condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - This may have false positives on hosts where Virtualbox is legitimately being used for operations level: low
Query: Sigma rule for Detect usage of the "ssh.exe" binary as a proxy to launch other programs.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "ssh.exe" binary as a proxy to launch other programs.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Program Executed Using Proxy/Local Command Via SSH.EXE id: 7d6d30b8-5b91-4b90-a891-46cccaf29598 status: test description: Detect usage of the "ssh.exe" binary as a proxy to launch other programs. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Ssh/ - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/211/files - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/ssh/ - https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config#ProxyCommand - https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config#LocalCommand author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2022-12-29 modified: 2025-10-16 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage: C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\sshd.exe selection_cli_img: - Image|endswith: \ssh.exe - Product: OpenSSH for Windows - Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=55b4964d29aad5438b9e950052dbbbc0 - IMPHASH=334d66c33503ccbf647c15b47c27eef4 - IMPHASH=27b0da080ef92afb37983d30d839141e - IMPHASH=977eb4c263d384e47daa0712d34713ab - IMPHASH=3eaadce9ae43d5a918bb082065815c3b - IMPHASH=980fe6cf0d996ab1eedf877222e722aa - IMPHASH=5f959422308ac3d721010d66647e100e - IMPHASH=a49aaa3d03d1cd9c8dc7fca60f7f480b - IMPHASH=dd335f759b6d5d6a8382b71dd9d65791 selection_cli_flags: - CommandLine|contains: ProxyCommand= - CommandLine|contains|all: - PermitLocalCommand=yes - ' LocalCommand' condition: selection_parent or all of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage for administration purposes level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "MaxMpxCt" registry value. MaxMpxCt specifies the maximum outstanding network requests for the se. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: MaxMpxCt Registry Value Changed id: 0e6a9e62-627e-496c-aef5-bfa39da29b5e status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "MaxMpxCt" registry value. MaxMpxCt specifies the maximum outstanding network requests for the server per client, which is used when negotiating a Server Message Block (SMB) connection with a client. Note if the value is set beyond 125 older Windows 9x clients will fail to negotiate. Ransomware threat actors and operators (specifically BlackCat) were seen increasing this value in order to handle a higher volume of traffic. ' references: - https://www.huntress.com/blog/blackcat-ransomware-affiliate-ttps - https://securityscorecard.com/research/deep-dive-into-alphv-blackcat-ransomware - https://www.intrinsec.com/alphv-ransomware-gang-analysis/?cn-reloaded=1 - https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/blackcat-ransomware-highly-configurable-rust-driven-raas-on-the-prowl-for-victims/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-03-19 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.005 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \Services\LanmanServer\Parameters\MaxMpxCt condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: exploit mrxdav.sys (aka the WebDAV driver) in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0011. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. mrxdav.sys (aka the WebDAV driver) in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to bypass an impersonation protection mechanism, and obtain privileges for redirection of WebDAV requests, via a crafted application, aka "WebDAV Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1156. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The page-loading implementation in WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.6, 7.x before 7.1.6, and 8.x before 8.0.6, does not properly handle the rel attribute in an A element, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy for a link's target, and spoof the user interface, via a crafted web site.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1784
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1784. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. In nextgen-galery wordpress plugin before 2.0.77.3 there are two vulnerabilities which can allow an attacker to gain full access over the web application. The vulnerabilities lie in how the application validates user uploaded files and lack of security measures preventing unwanted HTTP requests.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10087. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability has been found in UpThemes Theme DesignFolio Plus 1.2 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is 53f6ae62878076f99718e5feb589928e83c879a9. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-221809 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Query: how to detect Network Device CLI
Matching passage: T1059.008 Network Device CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands. Scripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).