alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: EDR alert: possible Direct Cloud VM Connections (T1021.008)
Matching passage: T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009), such as Azure Serial Console(Citation: Azure Serial Console), AWS EC2 Instance Connect(Citation: EC2 Instance Connect)(Citation: lucr-3: Getting SaaS-y in the cloud), and AWS System Manager.(Citation: AWS System Manager). Methods of authentication for these connections can include passwords, application access tokens, or SSH keys. These cloud native methods may, by default, allow for privileged access on the host with SYSTEM or root level access. Adversaries may utilize these cloud native methods to directly access virtual infrastructure and pivot through an environment.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) These connections typically provide direct console access to the VM rather than the execution of scripts (i.e., [Cloud Administration Command](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651)).
Near-miss passage: T1021.004 SSH. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. SSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. On ESXi, SSH can be enabled either directly on the host (e.g., via `vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh`) or via vCenter.(Citation: Sygnia ESXi Ransomware 2025)(Citation: TrendMicro ESXI Ransomware)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user’s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user (i.e., [SSH Authorized Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2923
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2923. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. The Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol implementation in the IPv6 stack in FreeBSD through 10.1 allows remote attackers to reconfigure a hop-limit setting via a small hop_limit value in a Router Advertisement (RA) message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6546. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The vCMP host in F5 BIG-IP Analytics, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and LTM 11.0.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP AAM 11.4.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP AFM and PEM 11.3.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP Edge Gateway, WebAccelerator, and WOM 11.0.0 through 11.3.0, BIG-IP PSM 11.0.0 through 11.4.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via "malicious traffic."
Query: describe CVE-2015-5819
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5819. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5689. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. ghostexp.exe in Ghost Explorer Utility in Symantec Ghost Solutions Suite (GSS) before 3.0 HF2 12.0.0.8010 and Symantec Deployment Solution (DS) before 7.6 HF4 12.0.0.7045 performs improper sign-extend operations before array-element accesses, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, cause a denial of service (application crash), or possibly obtain sensitive information via a crafted Ghost image.
Query: risk of The on-demand plugin in IBM Endpoint Manager for Remote Control 9.0.1 and 9.1.0 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4952. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The on-demand plugin in IBM Endpoint Manager for Remote Control 9.0.1 and 9.1.0 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 105196.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3127. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4428, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the use of the filename DumpStack.log to evade Microsoft Defender
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the filename DumpStack.log to evade Microsoft Defender. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DumpStack.log Defender Evasion id: 4f647cfa-b598-4e12-ad69-c68dd16caef8 status: test description: Detects the use of the filename DumpStack.log to evade Microsoft Defender references: - https://twitter.com/mrd0x/status/1479094189048713219 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-01-06 modified: 2022-06-17 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \DumpStack.log selection_download: CommandLine|contains: ' -o DumpStack.log' condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects using Rasautou.exe for loading arbitrary .DLL specified in -d option and executes the export specified in -p.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DLL Execution via Rasautou.exe id: cd3d1298-eb3b-476c-ac67-12847de55813 status: test description: Detects using Rasautou.exe for loading arbitrary .DLL specified in -d option and executes the export specified in -p. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Rasautou/ - https://github.com/fireeye/DueDLLigence - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/staying-hidden-on-the-endpoint-evading-detection-with-shellcode.html author: Julia Fomina, oscd.community date: 2020-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation definition: Since options '-d' and '-p' were removed in Windows 10 this rule is relevant only for Windows before 10. And as Windows 7 doesn't log command line in 4688 by default, to detect this attack you need Sysmon 1 configured or KB3004375 installed for command-line auditing (https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/help/3004375/microsoft-security-advisory-update-to-improve-windows-command-line-aud) detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rasautou.exe - OriginalFileName: rasdlui.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -d ' - ' -p ' condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for gcp / gcp.audit
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a service account is modified in Google Cloud.. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud Service Account Modified id: 6b67c12e-5e40-47c6-b3b0-1e6b571184cc status: test description: Identifies when a service account is modified in Google Cloud. references: - https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.serviceAccounts author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-14 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name|endswith: - .serviceAccounts.patch - .serviceAccounts.create - .serviceAccounts.update - .serviceAccounts.enable - .serviceAccounts.undelete condition: selection falsepositives: - Service Account being modified may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Service Account modified from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where an OpenCanary node has been targeted by a NMAP OS Scan. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - NMAP OS Scan id: e8a677fd-248c-4eab-94df-de2f6f645884 status: experimental description: Detects instances where an OpenCanary node has been targeted by a NMAP OS Scan references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) date: 2026-01-06 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1046 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 5002 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: write Sigma for Detects installation of NalDrv or PROCEXP152 services via registry-keys to non-system32 folders. Both services are used
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects installation of NalDrv or PROCEXP152 services via registry-keys to non-system32 folders. Both services are used. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Suspicious Service Installed id: f2485272-a156-4773-82d7-1d178bc4905b status: test description: 'Detects installation of NalDrv or PROCEXP152 services via registry-keys to non-system32 folders. Both services are used in the tool Ghost-In-The-Logs (https://github.com/bats3c/Ghost-In-The-Logs), which uses KDU (https://github.com/hfiref0x/KDU) ' references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20200419024230/https://blog.dylan.codes/evading-sysmon-and-windows-event-logging/ author: xknow (@xknow_infosec), xorxes (@xor_xes) date: 2019-04-08 modified: 2026-06-29 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject: - HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NalDrv\ImagePath - HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\PROCEXP152\ImagePath filter: Image|endswith: - \procexp64.exe - \procexp64a.exe - \procexp.exe - \procmon64.exe - \procmon64a.exe - \procmon.exe - \handle.exe - \handle64.exe - \handle64a.exe Details|contains: \WINDOWS\system32\Drivers\PROCEXP152.SYS condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Other legimate tools using this service names and drivers. Note - clever attackers may easily bypass this detection by just renaming the services. Therefore just Medium-level and don't rely on it. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects events in which someone prints the contents of history files to the commandline or redirects it to a file for re. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Print History File Contents id: d7821ff1-4527-4e33-9f84-d0d57fa2fb66 status: test description: Detects events in which someone prints the contents of history files to the commandline or redirects it to a file for reconnaissance references: - https://github.com/sleventyeleven/linuxprivchecker/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1552.003/T1552.003.md author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-20 modified: 2022-09-15 tags: - attack.reconnaissance - attack.t1592.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /cat - /head - /tail - /more selection_history: - CommandLine|contains: - /.bash_history - /.zsh_history - CommandLine|endswith: - _history - .history - zhistory condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: incident response steps for Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Build Image on Host
Matching passage: Playbook for T1612 Build Image on Host. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1612. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote <code>build</code> request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from a public or local registry and then builds a custom image upon it.(Citation: Docker Build Image) An
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1564.001 Hidden Files and Directories. Different response path focused on stealth.
Query: exploit The dissect_wccp2r1_address_table_info function in epan/dissectors/packet-wccp.c in the WCCP dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.12 and 1.12.x before 1.12.3 does not initiali
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0560. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. The dissect_wccp2r1_address_table_info function in epan/dissectors/packet-wccp.c in the WCCP dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.12 and 1.12.x before 1.12.3 does not initialize certain data structures, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0613. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) via crafted SIP INVITE messages, aka Bug ID CSCul20444.
Query: campaign using Lua
Matching passage: T1059.011 Lua. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Lua commands and scripts for execution. Lua is a cross-platform scripting and programming language primarily designed for embedded use in applications. Lua can be executed on the command-line (through the stand-alone lua interpreter), via scripts (<code>.lua</code>), or from Lua-embedded programs (through the <code>struct lua_State</code>).(Citation: Lua main page)(Citation: Lua state) Lua scripts may be executed by adversaries for malicious purposes. Adversaries may incorporate, abuse, or replace existing Lua interpreters to allow for malicious Lua command execution at runtime.(Citation: PoetRat Lua)(Citation: Lua Proofpoint Sunseed)(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny)(Citation: Kaspersky Lua)
Near-miss passage: T1059.005 Visual Basic. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft) Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript) Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )
Query: risk of libhtp 0.5.15 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference).
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0928. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. libhtp 0.5.15 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9124. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, the device may crash while accessing an invalid pointer or expose otherwise inaccessible memory contents.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the backend in Kajona before 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the action parameter to index.php.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0917. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the backend in Kajona before 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the action parameter to index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1640. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Project Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted request, aka "Microsoft SharePoint XSS Vulnerability."
Query: exploit SeaWell Networks Spectrum SDC 02.05.00 has a default password of "admin" for the "admin" account.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8282. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SeaWell Networks Spectrum SDC 02.05.00 has a default password of "admin" for the "admin" account.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0930. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 10.0. The web interface on SerVision HVG Video Gateway devices with firmware before 2.2.26a100 has a hardcoded administrative password, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via an HTTP session.
Query: detect Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll" in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll". Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential Vivaldi_elf.DLL Sideloading id: 2092cacb-d77b-4f98-ab0d-32b32f99a054 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll" references: - https://research.checkpoint.com/2023/beyond-the-horizon-traveling-the-world-on-camaro-dragons-usb-flash-drives/ author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-03 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \vivaldi_elf.dll filter_main_legit_path: Image|endswith: \Vivaldi\Application\vivaldi.exe ImageLoaded|contains: \Vivaldi\Application\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects new BITS transfer job where the LocalName/Saved file is stored in a potentially suspicious location. Logsource: windows / bits-client. Rule: title: BITS Transfer Job Download To Potential Suspicious Folder id: f8a56cb7-a363-44ed-a82f-5926bb44cd05 status: test description: Detects new BITS transfer job where the LocalName/Saved file is stored in a potentially suspicious location references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1197/T1197.md author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-28 modified: 2023-03-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 logsource: product: windows service: bits-client detection: selection: EventID: 16403 LocalName|contains: - \Desktop\ - C:\Users\Public\ - C:\PerfLogs\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: credential access using Security Account Manager
Matching passage: T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access. A number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques: * pwdumpx.exe * [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) * [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) * secretsdump.py Alternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg: * <code>reg save HKLM\sam sam</code> * <code>reg save HKLM\system system</code> Creddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7) Notes: * RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator. * RID 501 is the guest account. * User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.
Near-miss passage: T1003.006 DCSync. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync. Members of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) DCSync functionality has been included in the "lsadump" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)
Query: exploit Double free vulnerability in the j2k_read_ppm_v3 function in OpenJPEG before r2997, as used in PDFium in Google Chrome, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (proces
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1239. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 6.5. Double free vulnerability in the j2k_read_ppm_v3 function in OpenJPEG before r2997, as used in PDFium in Google Chrome, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a crafted PDF.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5177. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 7.5. Double free vulnerability in the SLPDKnownDAAdd function in slpd/slpd_knownda.c in OpenSLP 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted package.