alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Email Bombing
Matching passage: T1667 Email Bombing. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may flood targeted email addresses with an overwhelming volume of messages. This may bury legitimate emails in a flood of spam and disrupt business operations.(Citation: sophos-bombing)(Citation: krebs-email-bombing) An adversary may accomplish email bombing by leveraging an automated bot to register a targeted address for e-mail lists that do not validate new signups, such as online newsletters. The result can be a wave of thousands of e-mails that effectively overloads the victim’s inbox.(Citation: krebs-email-bombing)(Citation: hhs-email-bombing) By sending hundreds or thousands of e-mails in quick succession, adversaries may successfully divert attention away from and bury legitimate messages including security alerts, daily business processes like help desk tickets and client correspondence, or ongoing scams.(Citation: hhs-email-bombing) This behavior can also be used as a tool of harassment.(Citation: krebs-email-bombing) This behavior may be a precursor for [Spearphishing Voice](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/004). For example, an adversary may email bomb a target and then follow up with a phone call to fraudulently offer assistance. This social engineering may lead to the use of [Remote Access Software](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1663) to steal credentials, deploy ransomware, conduct [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657)(Citation: sophos-bombing), or engage in other malicious activity.(Citation: rapid7-email-bombing)
Near-miss passage: T1485.001 Lifecycle-Triggered Deletion. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify the lifecycle policies of a cloud storage bucket to destroy all objects stored within. Cloud storage buckets often allow users to set lifecycle policies to automate the migration, archival, or deletion of objects after a set period of time.(Citation: AWS Storage Lifecycles)(Citation: GCP Storage Lifecycles)(Citation: Azure Storage Lifecycles) If a threat actor has sufficient permissions to modify these policies, they may be able to delete all objects at once. For example, in AWS environments, an adversary with the `PutLifecycleConfiguration` permission may use the `PutBucketLifecycle` API call to apply a lifecycle policy to an S3 bucket that deletes all objects in the bucket after one day.(Citation: Palo Alto Cloud Ransomware)(Citation: Halcyon AWS Ransomware 2025) In addition to destroying data for purposes of extortion and [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657), adversaries may also perform this action on buckets storing cloud logs for [Indicator Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070).(Citation: Datadog S3 Lifecycle CloudTrail Logs)
Query: describe CVE-2015-3814
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3814. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) dissect_tfs_request and (2) dissect_tfs_response functions in epan/dissectors/packet-ieee80211.c in the IEEE 802.11 dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.14 and 1.12.x before 1.12.5 interpret a zero value as a length rather than an error condition, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4625. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Integer overflow in the authentication_agent_new_cookie function in PolicyKit (aka polkit) before 0.113 allows local users to gain privileges by creating a large number of connections, which triggers the issuance of a duplicate cookie value.
Query: risk of The Adobe Premiere Clip app before 1.2.1 for iOS mishandles unspecified input, which has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8051. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. The Adobe Premiere Clip app before 1.2.1 for iOS mishandles unspecified input, which has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2135. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Intelligent Provisioning 1.00 through 1.62(a), 2.00, and 2.10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: exfiltration using Exfiltration to Code Repository
Matching passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.
Near-miss passage: T1567.004 Exfiltration Over Webhook. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a webhook endpoint rather than over their primary command and control channel. Webhooks are simple mechanisms for allowing a server to push data over HTTP/S to a client without the need for the client to continuously poll the server.(Citation: RedHat Webhooks) Many public and commercial services, such as Discord, Slack, and `webhook.site`, support the creation of webhook endpoints that can be used by other services, such as Github, Jira, or Trello.(Citation: Discord Intro to Webhooks) When changes happen in the linked services (such as pushing a repository update or modifying a ticket), these services will automatically post the data to the webhook endpoint for use by the consuming application. Adversaries may link an adversary-owned environment to a victim-owned SaaS service to achieve repeated [Automated Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020) of emails, chat messages, and other data.(Citation: Push Security SaaS Attacks Repository Webhooks) Alternatively, instead of linking the webhook endpoint to a service, an adversary can manually post staged data directly to the URL in order to exfiltrate it.(Citation: Microsoft SQL Server) Access to webhook endpoints is often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration leveraging webhooks can also blend in with normal network traffic if the webhook endpoint points to a commonly used SaaS application or collaboration service.(Citation: CyberArk Labs Discord)(Citation: Talos Discord Webhook Abuse)(Citation: Checkmarx Webhooks)
Query: Suspicious Code Signing Certificates execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1587.002 Code Signing Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create self-signed code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. Prior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may develop self-signed code signing certificates for use in operations.
Near-miss passage: T1587.004 Exploits. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use information acquired via [Vulnerabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006) to focus exploit development efforts. As part of the exploit development process, adversaries may uncover exploitable vulnerabilities through methods such as fuzzing and patch analysis.(Citation: Irongeek Sims BSides 2017) As with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing exploits. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's exploit development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains an initial degree of exclusivity to the exploit. Adversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Stealth](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).
Query: vulnerability: The httpd package in fli4l before 3.10.1 and 4.0 before 2015-01-30 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1443. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The httpd package in fli4l before 3.10.1 and 4.0 before 2015-01-30 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5014. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. IBM Cognos Disclosure Management (CDM) 10.1.x and 10.2.x before 10.2.4 IF10 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain access by spoofing an executable file during a client upload operation.
Query: risk of In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, and
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9111. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, and SD 820A, in a QTEE syscall handler, an untrusted pointer dereference can occur.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0003. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: describe CVE-2015-2208
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2208. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 7.5. The saveObject function in moadmin.php in phpMoAdmin 1.1.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the object parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5080. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.0. The Management Interface in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway 10.1 before 10.1.132.8, 10.5 before Build 56.15, and 10.5.e before Build 56.1505.e allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters in the filter parameter to rapi/ipsec_logs.
Query: secure coding against Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position
Matching passage: CWE-797 Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position. The product receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. byte number 10), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-662 Improper Synchronization. The product utilizes multiple threads, processes, components, or systems to allow temporary access to a shared resource that can only be exclusive to one process at a time, but it does not properly synchronize these actions, which might cause simultaneous accesses of this resource by multiple threads or processes.
Query: exploit IBM Business Process Manager 7.5.x, 8.0.x, 8.5.0, 8.5.5, and 8.5.6.0 through cumulative fix 2 allow remote authenticated users to delete process and task data by leveraging incorre
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7463. CWE: CWE-285. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM Business Process Manager 7.5.x, 8.0.x, 8.5.0, 8.5.5, and 8.5.6.0 through cumulative fix 2 allow remote authenticated users to delete process and task data by leveraging incorrect authorization checks. IBM X-Force ID: 108393.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3656. CWE: CWE-285. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Aruba Networks ClearPass Policy Manager before 6.4.7 and 6.5.x before 6.5.2 allows remote authenticated lower-level administrators to gain privileges by leveraging failure to properly enforce authorization checks.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3256
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3256. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. PolicyKit (aka polkit) before 0.113 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and polkitd daemon crash) and possibly gain privileges via unspecified vectors, related to "javascript rule evaluation."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0012. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) 2012 R2 Update Rollup 4 does not properly validate the roles of users, which allows local users to obtain server and virtual-machine administrative privileges by establishing a server session with Active Directory credentials, aka "Virtual Machine Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: campaign using Exploitation for Defense Impairment
Matching passage: T1687 Exploitation for Defense Impairment. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities in security software, infrastructure, or defensive components to degrade, disable, or otherwise continue to impair their ability to prevent, detect, or respond to malicious activity. Adversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to directly interfere with defensive mechanisms. Exploitation occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in software, services, or the operating system to execute adversary-controlled code, often with the goal of weakening or disabling protections. Vulnerabilities may exist in security tools such as antivirus, endpoint detection and response (EDR), firewalls, or other monitoring solutions. Adversaries may use prior reconnaissance or perform discovery activities (e.g., [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)) to identify defensive tools present in an environment and target them for exploitation. Successful exploitation may allow adversaries to terminate security processes, disable protections, bypass enforcement mechanisms, or reduce the effectiveness of defensive controls. In some cases, vulnerabilities in cloud-based or SaaS infrastructure may also be leveraged to bypass built-in security boundaries or disrupt visibility and enforcement across environments.(Citation: Salesforce zero-day in facebook phishing attack)
Near-miss passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Query: exploit Buffer overflow in the SSLv2 implementation in IBM Domino 8.5.x before 8.5.1 FP5 IF3, 8.5.2 before FP4 IF3, 8.5.3 before FP6 IF6, 9.0 before IF7, and 9.0.1 before FP2 IF3 allows re
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0134. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in the SSLv2 implementation in IBM Domino 8.5.x before 8.5.1 FP5 IF3, 8.5.2 before FP4 IF3, 8.5.3 before FP6 IF6, 9.0 before IF7, and 9.0.1 before FP2 IF3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1924. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1925, CVE-2015-1929, CVE-2015-1930, CVE-2015-1948, CVE-2015-1953, CVE-2015-1954, CVE-2015-1962, CVE-2015-1963, CVE-2015-1964, and CVE-2015-1965.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0296
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0296. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. The pre-install script in texlive 3.1.20140525_r34255.fc21 as packaged in Fedora 21 and rpm, and texlive 6.20131226_r32488.fc20 and rpm allows local users to delete arbitrary files via a crafted file in the user's home directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5692. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.900000095367432. admin_messages.php in the management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with a safe extension and content type, and then leveraging an improper Sudo configuration to make this a setuid-root file.
Query: common weakness: Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders
Matching passage: CWE-148 Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders. The product does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (leader) is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.
Near-miss passage: CWE-65 Windows Hard Link. The product, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the product to operate on unauthorized files.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4805
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4805. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Serialization.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1212. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google Chrome before 40.0.2214.111 on Windows, OS X, and Linux and before 40.0.2214.109 on Android allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown vectors.
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF17 and 8.5.0 before CF06 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1944. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF17 and 8.5.0 before CF06 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9439. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. The addthis plugin before 5.0.13 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=addthis_social_widget pubid parameter.
Query: alert when Detects when an account makes changes to the ingress or egress rules of a security group. This can indicate that an atta
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an account makes changes to the ingress or egress rules of a security group. This can indicate that an atta. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: Ingress/Egress Security Group Modification id: 6fb77778-040f-4015-9440-572aa9b6b580 status: test description: 'Detects when an account makes changes to the ingress or egress rules of a security group. This can indicate that an attacker is attempting to open up new attack vectors in the account, that they are trying to exfiltrate data over the network, or that they are trying to allow machines in that VPC/Subnet to contact a C&C server. ' references: - https://www.gorillastack.com/blog/real-time-events/important-aws-cloudtrail-security-events-tracking/ author: jamesc-grafana date: 2024-07-11 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: ec2.amazonaws.com eventName: - AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress - AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress - RevokeSecurityGroupEgress - RevokeSecurityGroupIngress condition: selection falsepositives: - New VPCs and Subnets being setup requiring a different security profile to those already defined - A single port being opened for a new service that is known to be deploying - Administrators closing unused ports to reduce the attack surface level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect use of the Windows 8.3 short name. Which could be used as a method to avoid Image detection. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use Short Name Path in Image id: a96970af-f126-420d-90e1-d37bf25e50e1 related: - id: 349d891d-fef0-4fe4-bc53-eee623a15969 type: similar status: test description: Detect use of the Windows 8.3 short name. Which could be used as a method to avoid Image detection references: - https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/windows-short-8-3-filenames-web-security-problem/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/cc959352(v=technet.10) - https://twitter.com/frack113/status/1555830623633375232 author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2022-08-07 modified: 2025-10-20 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|contains: - ~1\ - ~2\ filter_main_system_process: ParentImage: - C:\Windows\System32\Dism.exe - C:\Windows\System32\cleanmgr.exe filter_main_installers: - Image|contains|all: - \AppData\ - \Temp\ - Image|endswith: - ~1\unzip.exe - ~1\7zG.exe filter_optional_webex: ParentImage|endswith: \WebEx\WebexHost.exe filter_optional_thor: ParentImage|endswith: \thor\thor64.exe filter_optional_installshield: - Product: InstallShield (R) - Description: InstallShield (R) Setup Engine - Company: InstallShield Software Corporation condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Applications could use this notation occasionally which might generate some false positives. In that case Investigate the parent and child process. level: medium