alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1556.008
Matching passage: T1556.008 Network Provider DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provider API) During the logon process, Winlogon (the interactive logon module) sends credentials to the local `mpnotify.exe` process via RPC. The `mpnotify.exe` process then shares the credentials in cleartext with registered credential managers when notifying that a logon event is happening.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)(Citation: NPPSPY Video)(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries can configure a malicious network provider DLL to receive credentials from `mpnotify.exe`.(Citation: NPPSPY) Once installed as a credential manager (via the Registry), a malicious DLL can receive and save credentials each time a user logs onto a Windows workstation or domain via the `NPLogonNotify()` function.(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries may target planting malicious network provider DLLs on systems known to have increased logon activity and/or administrator logon activity, such as servers and domain controllers.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)
Near-miss passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)
Query: detect Detects usage of system utilities to discover system network connections in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities to discover system network connections. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: System Network Connections Discovery - Linux id: 4c519226-f0cd-4471-bd2f-6fbb2bb68a79 status: test description: Detects usage of system utilities to discover system network connections references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1049/T1049.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2023-01-17 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1049 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /who - /w - /last - /lsof - /netstat filter_landscape_sysinfo: ParentCommandLine|contains: /usr/bin/landscape-sysinfo Image|endswith: /who condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects activity when a security-enabled global group is deleted. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: A Security-Enabled Global Group Was Deleted id: b237c54b-0f15-4612-a819-44b735e0de27 related: - id: 9cf01b6c-e723-4841-a868-6d7f8245ca6e type: obsolete status: stable description: Detects activity when a security-enabled global group is deleted references: - https://www.cisecurity.org/controls/cis-controls-list/ - https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/PCI_DSS_v3-2-1.pdf - https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4730 - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=634 author: Alexandr Yampolskyi, SOC Prime date: 2023-04-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: - 4730 - 634 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5158
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5158. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 5.5. Stack-based buffer overflow in hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c in QEMU, when built with SCSI-device emulation support, allows guest OS users with CAP_SYS_RAWIO permissions to cause a denial of service (instance crash) via an invalid opcode in a SCSI command descriptor block.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3043. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in April 2015, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0347, CVE-2015-0350, CVE-2015-0352, CVE-2015-0353, CVE-2015-0354, CVE-2015-0355, CVE-2015-0360, CVE-2015-3038, CVE-2015-3041, and CVE-2015-3042.
Query: risk of libpthread in the kernel in Apple iOS before 9 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5899. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. libpthread in the kernel in Apple iOS before 9 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2408. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1767 and CVE-2015-2401.
Query: playbook for alert: EDR alert: possible LSASS Memory (T1003.001)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1003.001 LSASS Memory. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1003.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative user or SYSTEM and used to conduct [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/t
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: weakness Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Matching passage: CWE-98 Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion'). The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in require, include, or similar functions.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1303 Non-Transparent Sharing of Microarchitectural Resources. Hardware structures shared across execution contexts (e.g., caches and branch predictors) can violate the expected architecture isolation between contexts.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Hide Artifacts
Matching passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1564.003 Hidden Window. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out administrative tasks. Adversaries may abuse these functionalities to hide otherwise visible windows from users so as not to alert the user to adversary activity on the system.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware) On macOS, the configurations for how applications run are listed in property list (plist) files. One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock. Similarly, on Windows there are a variety of features in scripting languages, such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), Jscript, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) to make windows hidden. One example of this is <code>powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden</code>.(Citation: PowerShell About 2019) The Windows Registry can also be edited to hide application windows from the current user. For example, by setting the `WindowPosition` subkey in the `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Console\%SystemRoot%_System32_WindowsPowerShell_v1.0_PowerShell.exe` Registry key to a maximum value, PowerShell windows will open off screen and be hidden.(Citation: Cantoris Computing) In addition, Windows supports the `CreateDesktop()` API that can create a hidden desktop window with its own corresponding <code>explorer.exe</code> process.(Citation: Hidden VNC)(Citation: Anatomy of an hVNC Attack) All applications running on the hidden desktop window, such as a hidden VNC (hVNC) session,(Citation: Hidden VNC) will be invisible to other desktops windows. Adversarie
Query: describe CVE-2015-7248
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7248. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. ZTE ZXHN H108N R1A devices before ZTE.bhs.ZXHNH108NR1A.k_PE allow remote attackers to discover usernames and password hashes by reading the cgi-bin/webproc HTML source code, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8703.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3193. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The Montgomery squaring implementation in crypto/bn/asm/x86_64-mont5.pl in OpenSSL 1.0.2 before 1.0.2e on the x86_64 platform, as used by the BN_mod_exp function, mishandles carry propagation and produces incorrect output, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive private-key information via an attack against use of a (1) Diffie-Hellman (DH) or (2) Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE) ciphersuite.
Query: exploit libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or Sig
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6620. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bugs 24123723 and 24445127.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0054. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7932
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7932. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 8.600000381469727. Adcon Telemetry A840 Telemetry Gateway Base Station allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0991. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Inductive Automation Ignition 7.7.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading an error message about an unhandled exception, as demonstrated by pathname information.
Query: Sigma YAML for azure / activitylogs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a suppression rule is created in Azure. Adversary's could attempt this to evade detection.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Suppression Rule Created id: 92cc3e5d-eb57-419d-8c16-5c63f325a401 status: test description: Identifies when a suppression rule is created in Azure. Adversary's could attempt this to evade detection. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer date: 2021-08-16 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: MICROSOFT.SECURITY/ALERTSSUPPRESSIONRULES/WRITE condition: selection falsepositives: - Suppression Rule being created may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Suppression Rule created from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Netcat Suspicious Execution id: e31033fc-33f0-4020-9a16-faf9b31cbf08 status: test description: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network references: - https://nmap.org/ncat/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1095/T1095.md - https://www.revshells.com/ author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-21 modified: 2023-02-08 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1095 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - \nc.exe - \ncat.exe - \netcat.exe selection_cmdline: CommandLine|contains: - ' -lvp ' - ' -lvnp' - ' -l -v -p ' - ' -lv -p ' - ' -l --proxy-type http ' - ' -vnl --exec ' - ' -vnl -e ' - ' --lua-exec ' - ' --sh-exec ' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate ncat use level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-7193
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7193. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.4 improperly follow the CORS cross-origin request algorithm for the POST method in situations involving an unspecified Content-Type header manipulation, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy by leveraging the lack of a preflight-request step.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3710. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Mail in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to trigger a refresh operation, and consequently cause a visit to an arbitrary web site, via a crafted HTML e-mail message.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6600
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6600. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48T allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted media file, aka internal bug 22882938.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7198. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the rx::TextureStorage11 class in ANGLE, as used in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.4, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted texture data.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1213
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1213. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The SkBitmap::ReadRawPixels function in core/SkBitmap.cpp in the filters implementation in Skia, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors that trigger an out-of-bounds write operation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6064. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6084 and CVE-2015-6085.
Query: detect Detects a suspicious copy operation that tries to copy a known LOLBIN from system (System32, SysWOW64, WinSxS) directori in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious copy operation that tries to copy a known LOLBIN from system (System32, SysWOW64, WinSxS) directori. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: LOL-Binary Copied From System Directory id: f5d19838-41b5-476c-98d8-ba8af4929ee2 related: - id: fff9d2b7-e11c-4a69-93d3-40ef66189767 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects a suspicious copy operation that tries to copy a known LOLBIN from system (System32, SysWOW64, WinSxS) directories to another on disk in order to bypass detections based on locations. ' references: - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/8da5b75b6380a41eee3a399c43dfe0d99eeefaa1fd21027a07b1ecaa4cd96fdd?environmentId=120 - https://web.archive.org/web/20180331144337/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/sanny-malware-delivery-method-updated-in-recently-observed-attacks.html - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/08/28/html-smuggling-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/14e722855605ba78dc1d21153f0e1be90e7528149f2cd2d7d6eba8ef27534bdc/behavior author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-29 modified: 2025-11-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_tools_cmd: Image|endswith: \cmd.exe CommandLine|contains: 'copy ' selection_tools_pwsh: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - copy-item - ' copy ' - 'cpi ' - ' cp ' selection_tools_other: - Image|endswith: - \robocopy.exe - \xcopy.exe - OriginalFileName: - robocopy.exe - XCOPY.EXE selection_target_path: CommandLine|contains: - \System32 - \SysWOW64 - \WinSxS selection_target_lolbin: CommandLine|contains: - \bitsadmin.exe - \calc.exe - \certutil.exe - \cmdl32.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - \ie4uinit.exe condition: 1 of selection_tools_* and all of selection_target_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect AD credential dumping using impacket secretdump HKTL. Based on the SIGMA rules/windows/builtin/win_impacket_secre. Logsource: zeek / smb_files. Rule: title: Possible Impacket SecretDump Remote Activity - Zeek id: 92dae1ed-1c9d-4eff-a567-33acbd95b00e status: test description: Detect AD credential dumping using impacket secretdump HKTL. Based on the SIGMA rules/windows/builtin/win_impacket_secretdump.yml references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20230329153811/https://blog.menasec.net/2019/02/threat-huting-10-impacketsecretdump.html author: Samir Bousseaden, @neu5ron date: 2020-03-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 - attack.t1003.004 - attack.t1003.003 logsource: product: zeek service: smb_files detection: selection: path|contains|all: - \ - ADMIN$ name|contains: SYSTEM32\ name|endswith: .tmp condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: incident response steps for Persistence mechanism resembling Cloud Infrastructure Discovery
Matching passage: Playbook for T1580 Cloud Infrastructure Discovery. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1580. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: An adversary may attempt to discover infrastructure and resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services. Cloud providers offer methods such as APIs and commands issued through CLIs to ser
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1087 Account Discovery. Different response path focused on discovery.
Query: Sigma rule for Device code flow is an OAuth 2.0 protocol flow specifically for input constrained devices and is not used in all environ
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Device code flow is an OAuth 2.0 protocol flow specifically for input constrained devices and is not used in all environ. Logsource: azure / signinlogs. Rule: title: Application Using Device Code Authentication Flow id: 248649b7-d64f-46f0-9fb2-a52774166fb5 status: test description: 'Device code flow is an OAuth 2.0 protocol flow specifically for input constrained devices and is not used in all environments. If this type of flow is seen in the environment and not being used in an input constrained device scenario, further investigation is warranted. This can be a misconfigured application or potentially something malicious. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-applications#application-authentication-flows author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Bailey Bercik '@baileybercik' date: 2022-06-01 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access logsource: product: azure service: signinlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Device Code condition: selection falsepositives: - Applications that are input constrained will need to use device code flow and are valid authentications. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading using the Microsoft Office winword process via the '/l' flag.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Arbitrary DLL Load Using Winword id: f7375e28-5c14-432f-b8d1-1db26c832df3 related: - id: 2621b3a6-3840-4810-ac14-a02426086171 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading using the Microsoft Office winword process via the '/l' flag. references: - https://github.com/D4Vinci/One-Lin3r/blob/9fdfa5f0b9c698dfbd4cdfe7d2473192777ae1c6/one_lin3r/core/liners/windows/cmd/dll_loader_word.py author: Victor Sergeev, oscd.community date: 2020-10-09 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \WINWORD.exe - OriginalFileName: WinWord.exe selection_dll: CommandLine|contains|all: - '/l ' - .dll condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: explain CWE-1067
Matching passage: CWE-1067 Excessive Execution of Sequential Searches of Data Resource. The product contains a data query against an SQL table or view that is configured in a way that does not utilize an index and may cause sequential searches to be performed.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1229 Creation of Emergent Resource. The product manages resources or behaves in a way that indirectly creates a new, distinct resource that can be used by attackers in violation of the intended policy.