alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: mitigate Password Policy Discovery
Matching passage: T1201 Password Policy Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts). Password policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as <code>net accounts (/domain)</code>, <code>Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy</code>, <code>chage -l <username></code>, <code>cat /etc/pam.d/common-password</code>, and <code>pwpolicy getaccountpolicies</code> (Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to discover password policy information (e.g. <code>show aaa</code>, <code>show aaa common-criteria policy all</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Password policies can be discovered in cloud environments using available APIs such as <code>GetAccountPasswordPolicy</code> in AWS (Citation: AWS GetPasswordPolicy).
Near-miss passage: T1497.002 User Activity Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness) Adversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)
Query: weakness Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Matching passage: CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
Near-miss passage: CWE-90 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection'). The product constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.
Query: rule covering Detects Bitbucket global secret scanning rule deletion activity.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Bitbucket global secret scanning rule deletion activity.. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket Global Secret Scanning Rule Deleted id: e16cf0f0-ee88-4901-bd0b-4c8d13d9ee05 status: test description: Detects Bitbucket global secret scanning rule deletion activity. references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/audit-log-events-776640423.html - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/secret-scanning-1157471613.html author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Basic" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Global administration auditType.action: Global secret scanning rule deleted condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate user activity. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects loading of "credui.dll" and related DLLs by an uncommon process. Attackers might leverage this DLL for potential. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: CredUI.DLL Loaded By Uncommon Process id: 9ae01559-cf7e-4f8e-8e14-4c290a1b4784 status: test description: Detects loading of "credui.dll" and related DLLs by an uncommon process. Attackers might leverage this DLL for potential use of "CredUIPromptForCredentials" or "CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW". references: - https://securitydatasets.com/notebooks/atomic/windows/credential_access/SDWIN-201020013208.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1056.002/T1056.002.md#atomic-test-2---powershell---prompt-user-for-password - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wincred/nf-wincred-creduipromptforcredentialsa - https://github.com/S12cybersecurity/RDPCredentialStealer author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-10-20 modified: 2026-06-29 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1056.002 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: - ImageLoaded|endswith: - \credui.dll - \wincredui.dll - OriginalFileName: - credui.dll - wincredui.dll filter_main_generic: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\SystemApps\ filter_main_full: Image: - C:\Windows\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\ImmersiveControlPanel\SystemSettings.exe - C:\Windows\regedit.exe filter_optional_opera: Image|endswith: \opera_autoupdate.exe filter_optional_process_explorer: Image|endswith: - \procexp64.exe - \procexp64a.exe - \procexp.exe filter_optional_teams: Image|startswith: C:\Users\ Image|contains: \AppData\Local\Microsoft\Teams\ Image|endswith: \Teams.exe filter_optional_onedrive: Image|startswith: C:\Users\ Image|contains: \AppData\Local\Microsoft\OneDrive\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Other legitimate processes loading those DLLs in your environment. level: medium
Query: CWE for Incomplete Cleanup
Matching passage: CWE-459 Incomplete Cleanup. The product does not properly clean up and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
Near-miss passage: CWE-149 Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax. Quotes injected into a product can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
Query: SIEM correlation: impact activity consistent with Bandwidth Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Near-miss passage: T1496.001 Compute Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the compute resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. One common purpose for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) and cryptocurrency mining.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs) Additionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware identify then kill off processes for competing malware to ensure it’s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)
Query: actor TTPs: Graphical User Interface
Matching passage: T1061 Graphical User Interface. Tactics: execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) where appropriate.** The Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a common way to interact with an operating system. Adversaries may use a system's GUI during an operation, commonly through a remote interactive session such as [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076), instead of through a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), to search for information and execute files via mouse double-click events, the Windows Run command (Citation: Wikipedia Run Command), or other potentially difficult to monitor interactions.
Near-miss passage: T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is "ClickFix," in which adversaries present users with seemingly helpful solutions—such as prompts to fix errors or complete CAPTCHAs—that instead instruct the user to copy and paste malicious code. Malicious websites, such as those used in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), may present fake error messages or CAPTCHA prompts that instruct users to open a terminal or the Windows Run Dialog box and execute an arbitrary command. These commands may be obfuscated using encoding or other techniques to conceal malicious intent. Once executed, the adversary will typically be able to establish a foothold on the victim's machine.(Citation: CloudSEK Lumma Stealer 2024)(Citation: Sekoia ClickFake 2025)(Citation: Reliaquest CAPTCHA 2024)(Citation: AhnLab LummaC2 2025) Adversaries may also leverage phishing emails for this purpose. When a user attempts to open an attachment, they may be presented with a fake error and offered a malicious command to paste as a solution, consistent with the "ClickFix" strategy.(Citation: Proofpoint ClickFix 2024)(Citation: AhnLab Malicioys Copy Paste 2024) Tricking a user into executing a command themselves may help to bypass email filtering, browser sandboxing, or other mitigations designed to protect users against malicious downloaded files.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class over the network
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class over the network. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Potential DCOM InternetExplorer.Application DLL Hijack id: 2f7979ae-f82b-45af-ac1d-2b10e93b0baa related: - id: e554f142-5cf3-4e55-ace9-a1b59e0def65 type: obsolete - id: f354eba5-623b-450f-b073-0b5b2773b6aa type: similar status: test description: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class over the network references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteDCOMIErtUtilDLLHijack/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR), wagga date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2022-12-18 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 - attack.t1021.003 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image: System TargetFilename|endswith: \Internet Explorer\iertutil.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects service ticket requests using RC4 encryption type. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Suspicious Kerberos RC4 Ticket Encryption id: 496a0e47-0a33-4dca-b009-9e6ca3591f39 status: test description: Detects service ticket requests using RC4 encryption type references: - https://adsecurity.org/?p=3458 - https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/TrimarcResearch/Detecting-Kerberoasting-Activity author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-02-06 modified: 2022-06-19 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1558.003 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4769 TicketOptions: '0x40810000' TicketEncryptionType: '0x17' reduction: ServiceName|endswith: $ condition: selection and not reduction falsepositives: - Service accounts used on legacy systems (e.g. NetApp) - Windows Domains with DFL 2003 and legacy systems level: medium
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1711. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1658, CVE-2015-1706, CVE-2015-1717, and CVE-2015-1718.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3696. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Buffer overflow in the Intel Graphics Driver in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3695, CVE-2015-3697, CVE-2015-3698, CVE-2015-3699, CVE-2015-3700, CVE-2015-3701, and CVE-2015-3702.
Query: risk of SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer (VEV) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) U3D, (2) LWO, (3) JPEG2000, or (4) FBX file, aka "Out-Of-Bounds Indexing" 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8030. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer (VEV) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) U3D, (2) LWO, (3) JPEG2000, or (4) FBX file, aka "Out-Of-Bounds Indexing" vulnerabilities.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6695. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via crafted use of the value attribute, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6685, CVE-2015-6686, CVE-2015-6693, CVE-2015-6694, and CVE-2015-7622.
Query: detection engineering for Tool
Matching passage: T1588.002 Tool. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. Tools may also be leveraged for testing – for example, evaluating malware against commercial antivirus or endpoint detection and response (EDR) applications.(Citation: Forescout Conti Leaks 2022)(Citation: Sentinel Labs Top Tier Target 2025) Tool acquisition may involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as Cobalt Strike. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries). Threat actors may also crack trial versions of software.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1588.004 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. Adversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for. Certificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ) After obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Maroyaka CGI Maroyaka Image Album allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0892. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Maroyaka CGI Maroyaka Image Album allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3274. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the user_get_user_details function in user/lib.php in Moodle through 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.9, 2.8.x before 2.8.7, and 2.9.x before 2.9.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML by leveraging absence of an external_format_text call in a web service.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0170
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0170. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM Security SiteProtector System 3.0 before 3.0.0.7, 3.1 before 3.1.0.4, and 3.1.1 before 3.1.1.2 allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading cached data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7859. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The com_contenthistory component in Joomla! 3.2 before 3.4.5 does not properly check ACLs, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: EDR alert: possible Cloud Services (T1021.007)
Matching passage: T1021.007 Cloud Services. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may log into accessible cloud services within a compromised environment using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that are synchronized with or federated to on-premises user identities. The adversary may then perform management actions or access cloud-hosted resources as the logged-on user. Many enterprises federate centrally managed user identities to cloud services, allowing users to login with their domain credentials in order to access the cloud control plane. Similarly, adversaries may connect to available cloud services through the web console or through the cloud command line interface (CLI) (e.g., [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009)), using commands such as <code>Connect-AZAccount</code> for Azure PowerShell, <code>Connect-MgGraph</code> for Microsoft Graph PowerShell, and <code>gcloud auth login</code> for the Google Cloud CLI. In some cases, adversaries may be able to authenticate to these services via [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001) instead of a username and password.
Near-miss passage: T1021.002 SMB/Windows Admin Shares. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. SMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on the same network or domain. Adversaries may use SMB to interact with file shares, allowing them to move laterally throughout a network. Linux and macOS implementations of SMB typically use Samba. Windows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include `C$`, `ADMIN$`, and `IPC$`. Adversaries may use this technique in conjunction with administrator-level [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely access a networked system over SMB,(Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) to interact with systems using remote procedure calls (RPCs),(Citation: TechNet RPC) transfer files, and run transferred binaries through remote Execution. Example execution techniques that rely on authenticated sessions over SMB/RPC are [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002), and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). Adversaries can also use NTLM hashes to access administrator shares on systems with [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) and certain configuration and patch levels.(Citation: Microsoft Admin Shares)
Query: describe CVE-2015-5021
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5021. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.5. IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.3 and 11.5 allows remote authenticated DataStage users to bypass intended job-execution restrictions or obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3965. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Hospira Symbiq Infusion System 3.13 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to trigger "unanticipated operations" by leveraging "elevated privileges" for an unspecified call to an incorrectly exposed function.