alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching LC_MAIN Hijacking
Matching passage: T1149 LC_MAIN Hijacking. Tactics: stealth. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** As of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary’s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn’t know anything was different (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.
Near-miss passage: T1574.001 DLL. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in order to achieve persistence, escalate privileges, and evade defenses. DLLs are libraries that contain code and data that can be simultaneously utilized by multiple programs. While DLLs are not malicious by nature, they can be abused through mechanisms such as side-loading, hijacking search order, and phantom DLL hijacking.(Citation: unit 42) Specific ways DLLs are abused by adversaries include: ### DLL Sideloading Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads by planting and then invoking a legitimate application that executes their payload(s). Side-loading positions both the victim application and malicious payload(s) alongside each other. Adversaries likely use side-loading as a means of masking actions they perform under a legitimate, trusted, and potentially elevated system or software process. Benign executables used to side-load payloads may not be flagged during delivery and/or execution. Adversary payloads may also be encrypted/packed or otherwise obfuscated until loaded into the memory of the trusted process. Adversaries may also side-load other packages, such as BPLs (Borland Package Library).(Citation: kroll bpl) Adversaries may chain DLL sideloading multiple times to fragment functionality hindering analysis. Adversaries using multiple DLL files can split the loader functions across different DLLs, with a main DLL loading the separated export functions. (Citation: Virus Bulletin) Spreading loader functions across multiple DLLs makes analysis harder, since all files must be collected to fully understand the malware’s behavior. Another method implements a “loader-for-a-loader”, where a malicious DLL’s sole role is to load a second DLL (or a chain of DLLs) that contain the real payload. (Citation: Sophos) ### DLL Search Order Hijacking Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search o
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching IDE Extensions
Matching passage: T1176.002 IDE Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse an integrated development environment (IDE) extension to establish persistent access to victim systems.(Citation: Mnemonic misuse visual studio) IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Eclipse support extensions - software components that add features like code linting, auto-completion, task automation, or integration with tools like Git and Docker. A malicious extension can be installed through an extension marketplace (i.e., [Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001)) or side-loaded directly into the IDE.(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security)(Citation: Lakshmanan Visual Studio Marketplace) In addition to installing malicious extensions, adversaries may also leverage benign ones. For example, adversaries may establish persistent SSH tunnels via the use of the VSCode Remote SSH extension (i.e., [IDE Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/001)). Trust is typically established through the installation process; once installed, the malicious extension is run every time that the IDE is launched. The extension can then be used to execute arbitrary code, establish a backdoor, mine cryptocurrency, or exfiltrate data.(Citation: ExtensionTotal VSCode Extensions 2025)
Near-miss passage: T1176 Software Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse software extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Software extensions are modular components that enhance or customize the functionality of software applications, including web browsers, Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), and other platforms.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security) Extensions are typically installed via official marketplaces, app stores, or manually loaded by users, and they often inherit the permissions and access levels of the host application. Malicious extensions can be introduced through various methods, including social engineering, compromised marketplaces, or direct installation by users or by adversaries who have already gained access to a system. Malicious extensions can be named similarly or identically to benign extensions in marketplaces. Security mechanisms in extension marketplaces may be insufficient to detect malicious components, allowing adversaries to bypass automated scanners or exploit trust established during the installation process. Adversaries may also abuse benign extensions to achieve their objectives, such as using legitimate functionality to tunnel data or bypass security controls. The modular nature of extensions and their integration with host applications make them an attractive target for adversaries seeking to exploit trusted software ecosystems. Detection can be challenging due to the inherent trust placed in extensions during installation and their ability to blend into normal application workflows.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Path module before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "Lin
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3385. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Path module before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "Link to path" field formatter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10021. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability was found in ritterim definely. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file src/database.js. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The name of the patch is b31a022ba4d8d17148445a13ebb5a42ad593dbaa. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217608.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2852
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2852. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3363. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Contact Form Fields module before 6.x-2.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete fields via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple TV before 7.2, and Apple Safari before 6.2.5, 7.x before 7.1.5, and 8.x before 8.0.5, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary co
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1124. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple TV before 7.2, and Apple Safari before 6.2.5, 7.x before 7.1.5, and 8.x before 8.0.5, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-04-08-1, APPLE-SA-2015-04-08-3, and APPLE-SA-2015-04-08-4.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0250. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in the SVG to (1) PNG and (2) JPG conversion classes in Apache Batik 1.x before 1.8 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service via a crafted SVG file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1671
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1671. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Windows DirectWrite library, as used in Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, 4.5, 4.5.1, and 4.5.2; Office 2007 SP3 and 2010 SP2; Live Meeting 2007 Console; Lync 2010; Lync 2010 Attendee; Lync 2013 SP1; Lync Basic 2013 SP1; Silverlight 5 before 5.1.40416.00; and Silverlight 5 Developer Runtime before 5.1.40416.00, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, aka "TrueType Font Parsing Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2578. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows remote attackers to affect availability via vectors related to Kernel IDMap.
Query: describe CVE-2015-9251
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9251. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. jQuery before 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) attacks when a cross-domain Ajax request is performed without the dataType option, causing text/javascript responses to be executed.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6372. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web-based management interface in Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted value, aka Bug ID CSCux10614.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: OS Architecture Discovery Via Grep id: d27ab432-2199-483f-a297-03633c05bae6 status: test description: 'Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with the execution of "uname" or "cat /proc/cpuinfo" ' references: - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html - https://jstnk9.github.io/jstnk9/research/GobRAT-Malware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-06-02 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1082 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_process: Image|endswith: /grep selection_architecture: CommandLine|endswith: - aarch64 - arm - i386 - i686 - mips - x86_64 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of TruffleSnout.exe an iterative AD discovery toolkit for offensive operators, situational awareness and. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - TruffleSnout Execution id: 69ca006d-b9a9-47f5-80ff-ecd4d25d481a status: test description: Detects the use of TruffleSnout.exe an iterative AD discovery toolkit for offensive operators, situational awareness and targeted low noise enumeration. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1482/T1482.md - https://github.com/dsnezhkov/TruffleSnout - https://github.com/dsnezhkov/TruffleSnout/blob/7c2f22e246ef704bc96c396f66fa854e9ca742b9/TruffleSnout/Docs/USAGE.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-20 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1482 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - OriginalFileName: TruffleSnout.exe - Image|endswith: \TruffleSnout.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CWE for Incorrect Comparison Logic Granularity
Matching passage: CWE-1254 Incorrect Comparison Logic Granularity. The product's comparison logic is performed over a series of steps rather than across the entire string in one operation. If there is a comparison logic failure on one of these steps, the operation may be vulnerable to a timing attack that can result in the interception of the process for nefarious purposes.
Near-miss passage: CWE-311 Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data. The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4371
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in the Perfecto module before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in an unspecified parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0428. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Resource Control.
Query: hunt for Container Orchestration Job activity
Matching passage: T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster. In Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)
Near-miss passage: T1053.004 Launchd. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: This technique is deprecated due to the inaccurate usage. The report cited did not provide technical detail as to how the malware interacted directly with launchd rather than going through known services. Other system services are used to interact with launchd rather than launchd being used by itself. Adversaries may abuse the <code>Launchd</code> daemon to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The <code>launchd</code> daemon, native to macOS, is responsible for loading and maintaining services within the operating system. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). An adversary may use the <code>launchd</code> daemon in macOS environments to schedule new executables to run at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. <code>launchd</code> can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account. Daemons, such as <code>launchd</code>, run with the permissions of the root user account, and will operate regardless of which user account is logged in.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9186
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9186. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, in a PlayReady API function, a buffer over-read can occur.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5718. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the handle_debug_network function in the manager in Websense Content Gateway before 8.0.0 HF02 allows remote administrators to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted diagnostic command line request to submit_net_debug.cgi.
Query: detect Well-known TAP software installation. Possible preparation for data exfiltration using tunneling techniques in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Well-known TAP software installation. Possible preparation for data exfiltration using tunneling techniques. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Tap Installer Execution id: 99793437-3e16-439b-be0f-078782cf953d status: test description: Well-known TAP software installation. Possible preparation for data exfiltration using tunneling techniques references: - https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/ManagingWindowsTAPDrivers author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, Ian Davis, oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \tapinstall.exe filter_optional_avast: Image|contains: - :\Program Files\Avast Software\SecureLine VPN\ - :\Program Files (x86)\Avast Software\SecureLine VPN\ filter_optional_openvpn: Image|contains: :\Program Files\OpenVPN Connect\drivers\tap\ filter_optional_protonvpn: Image|contains: :\Program Files (x86)\Proton Technologies\ProtonVPNTap\installer\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Legitimate OpenVPN TAP installation level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where the ArcGIS Server process ArcSOC.exe, which hosts REST services running on an ArcGIS server, cre. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious File Created by ArcSOC.exe id: e890acee-d488-420e-8f20-d9b19b3c3d43 status: experimental description: 'Detects instances where the ArcGIS Server process ArcSOC.exe, which hosts REST services running on an ArcGIS server, creates a file with suspicious file type, indicating that it may be an executable, script file, or otherwise unusual. ' references: - https://reliaquest.com/blog/threat-spotlight-inside-flax-typhoons-arcgis-compromise/ - https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/12.0/administer/windows/inside-an-arcgis-server-site.htm author: Micah Babinski date: 2025-11-25 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1127 - attack.t1105 - attack.t1133 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \ArcSOC.exe TargetFilename|endswith: - .ahk - .aspx - .au3 - .bat - .cmd - .dll - .exe - .hta - .js - .ps1 - .py - .vbe - .vbs - .wsf condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: risk of Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 SP3, Word 2007 SP3, PowerPoint 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, PowerPoint 2013 SP1, Word 2013 SP1, and PowerPoint 2013 RT SP1 allow remote attackers to execute a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2424. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 SP3, Word 2007 SP3, PowerPoint 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, PowerPoint 2013 SP1, Word 2013 SP1, and PowerPoint 2013 RT SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8546. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with software through 2015-11-12, affecting the Galaxy S6/S6 Edge, Galaxy S6 Edge+, and Galaxy Note5 with the Shannon333 chipset. There is a stack-based buffer overflow in the baseband process that is exploitable for remote code execution via a fake base station. The Samsung ID is SVE-2015-5123 (December 2015).
Query: detect Business Relationships
Matching passage: T1591.002 Business Relationships. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization’s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access. This information may also reveal supply chains and shipment paths for the victim’s hardware and software resources. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business relationships may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1591 Gather Victim Org Information. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).