Query: mitigate Compression
Matching passage: T1027.015 Compression. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use compression to obfuscate their payloads or files. Compressed file formats such as ZIP, gzip, 7z, and RAR can compress and archive multiple files together to make it easier and faster to transfer files. In addition to compressing files, adversaries may also compress shellcode directly - for example, in order to store it in a Windows Registry key (i.e., [Fileless Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/011)).(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020) In order to further evade detection, adversaries may combine multiple ZIP files into one archive. This process of concatenation creates an archive that appears to be a single archive but in fact contains the central directories of the embedded archives. Some ZIP readers, such as 7zip, may not be able to identify concatenated ZIP files and miss the presence of the malicious payload.(Citation: Perception Point) File archives may be sent as one [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) through email. Adversaries have sent malicious payloads as archived files to encourage the user to interact with and extract the malicious payload onto their system (i.e., [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002)).(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) However, some file compression tools, such as 7zip, can be used to produce self-extracting archives. Adversaries may send self-extracting archives to hide the functionality of their payload and launch it without requiring multiple actions from the user.(Citation: The Hacker News) [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) may be used in combination with [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013) where compressed files are encrypted and password-protected.
Near-miss passage: T1027.018 Invisible Unicode. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse invisible or non-printing Unicode characters to conceal malicious content within files, scripts, or text. By inserting characters that do not visibly render, adversaries may hide data, alter how content is interpreted, or make malicious code appear as benign text or whitespace. Adversaries may encode these malicious payloads, using binary, Base64, or custom schemes, to be reconstructed at runtime through scripting features such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) Proxy traps, `eval()`, or other dynamic execution methods. This technique enables adversaries to evade visual inspection and basic static analysis by hiding malicious encoded content in innocuous text.(Citation: PUAs Unicode - Eriksen)(Citation: Tycoon2FA - Unicode)(Citation: Unicode - Veracode) Unicode is a standardized character encoding model that assigns a unique numerical value, known as a code point, to every character across writing systems, enabling consistent text representation across platforms, applications, and languages. Code points are represented as `U+` followed by a hexadecimal value and may be encoded using formats such as `UTF-8` or `UTF-16`. Adversaries may abuse the valid code points in Unicode that are not visibly rendered but still take up bytes, such as zero-width spaces, variation selectors, or bidirectional formatting controls, to conceal malicious payloads.(Citation: Tycoon2FA - Unicode)(Citation: GlassWorm - Unicode)(Citation: Unicode and Hidden Prompts - Perets) Adversaries may additionally exploit Private Use Area (PUA) characters, a range of code points reserved for custom assignment. PUA characters that are not defined by a font or application are typically rendered blank.(Citation: PUAs Unicode - Eriksen) Unicode characters may also be leveraged in support of other techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1660), [Right-to-Left Override](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002), or [User Executio