alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Brute Force
Matching passage: T1110 Brute Force. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018) Brute forcing passwords can take place via interaction with a service that will check the validity of those credentials or offline against previously acquired credential data, such as password hashes. Brute forcing credentials may take place at various points during a breach. For example, adversaries may attempt to brute force access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) within a victim environment leveraging knowledge gathered from other post-compromise behaviors such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), or [Password Policy Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201). Adversaries may also combine brute forcing activity with behaviors such as [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) as part of Initial Access. If an adversary guesses the correct password but fails to login to a compromised account due to location-based conditional access policies, they may change their infrastructure until they match the victim’s location and therefore bypass those policies.(Citation: ReliaQuest Health Care Social Engineering Campaign 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1110.002 Password Cracking. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Further, adversaries may leverage [Data from Configuration Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602) in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5315
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5315. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The eap_pwd_process function in eap_peer/eap_pwd.c in wpa_supplicant 2.x before 2.6 does not validate that the reassembly buffer is large enough for the final fragment when EAP-pwd is enabled in a network configuration profile, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process termination) via a large final fragment in an EAP-pwd message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2666. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Stack-based buffer overflow in the get_matching_model_microcode function in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/intel_early.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 allows context-dependent attackers to gain privileges by constructing a crafted microcode header and leveraging root privileges for write access to the initrd.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u76 and 8u40, and Java FX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0484. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u76 and 8u40, and Java FX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0492.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0263. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in the XML converter setup in converter/jaxp/XmlConverter.java in Apache Camel before 2.13.4 and 2.14.x before 2.14.2 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an external entity in an SAXSource.
Query: vulnerability: The state.sls function in Salt before 2015.8.3 uses weak permissions on the cache data, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8034. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The state.sls function in Salt before 2015.8.3 uses weak permissions on the cache data, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3058. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Detects the execution of a renamed version of the "Mavinject" process. Which can be abused to perform process injection in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed version of the "Mavinject" process. Which can be abused to perform process injection. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Mavinject.EXE Execution id: e6474a1b-5390-49cd-ab41-8d88655f7394 status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed version of the "Mavinject" process. Which can be abused to perform process injection using the "/INJECTRUNNING" flag references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218/T1218.md - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1056.004/T1056.004.md - https://posts.specterops.io/mavinject-exe-functionality-deconstructed-c29ab2cf5c0e - https://twitter.com/gN3mes1s/status/941315826107510784 - https://reaqta.com/2017/12/mavinject-microsoft-injector/ - https://twitter.com/Hexacorn/status/776122138063409152 - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/3742 - https://github.com/keyboardcrunch/SentinelOne-ATTACK-Queries/blob/6a228d23eefe963ca81f2d52f94b815f61ef5ee0/Tactics/DefenseEvasion.md#t1055-process-injection author: frack113, Florian Roth date: 2022-12-05 modified: 2023-02-03 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055.001 - attack.t1218.013 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: - mavinject32.exe - mavinject64.exe filter: Image|endswith: - \mavinject32.exe - \mavinject64.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential abuse of the provisioning registry key for indirect command execution through "Provlaunch.exe".. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Provisioning Registry Key Abuse For Binary Proxy Execution - REG id: 7021255e-5db3-4946-a8b9-0ba7a4644a69 related: - id: 7f5d1c9a-3e83-48df-95a7-2b98aae6c13c type: similar - id: f9999590-1f94-4a34-a91e-951e47bedefd type: similar - id: 2a4b3e61-9d22-4e4a-b60f-6e8f0cde6f25 type: similar status: test description: Detects potential abuse of the provisioning registry key for indirect command execution through "Provlaunch.exe". references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Provlaunch/ - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1674399582162153472 author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2023-08-02 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows definition: 'Requirements: The registry key "\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\" and its subkey must be monitored' detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9142
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9142. CWE: CWE-118. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9645, MDM9650, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SDM630, SDM636, SDM660, and Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, bounds check is missing for vtable index in DAL-TO-QDI conversion framework.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2003. CWE: CWE-118. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The PJSIP PJSUA2 SDK before SVN Changeset 51322 for Android might allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging a finalize method in a Serializable class that improperly passes an attacker-controlled pointer to a native function.
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in Novius OS 5.0.1 (Elche) allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the tab parameter to admin/.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5353. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in Novius OS 5.0.1 (Elche) allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the tab parameter to admin/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1834. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.5. A path traversal vulnerability was identified in the Cloud Foundry component Cloud Controller that affects cf-release versions prior to v208 and Pivotal Cloud Foundry Elastic Runtime versions prior to 1.4.2. Path traversal is the 'outbreak' of a given directory structure through relative file paths in the user input. It aims at accessing files and directories that are stored outside the web root folder, for disallowed reading or even executing arbitrary system commands. An attacker could use a certain parameter of the file path for instance to inject '../' sequences in order to navigate through the file system. In this particular case a remote authenticated attacker can exploit the identified vulnerability in order to upload arbitrary files to the server running a Cloud Controller instance - outside the isolated application container.
Query: weakness Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name
Matching passage: CWE-289 Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name. The product performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1075 Unconditional Control Flow Transfer outside of Switch Block. The product performs unconditional control transfer (such as a goto) in code outside of a branching structure such as a switch block.
Query: common weakness: Improper Validation of Generative AI Output
Matching passage: CWE-1426 Improper Validation of Generative AI Output. The product invokes a generative AI/ML component whose behaviors and outputs cannot be directly controlled, but the product does not validate or insufficiently validates the outputs to ensure that they align with the intended security, content, or privacy policy.
Near-miss passage: CWE-623 Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting. An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4943
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4943. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere MQ Light 1.x before 1.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (MQXR service crash) via a series of connect and disconnect actions, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4942.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4963. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. IBM Security Access Manager for Web 7.x before 7.0.0.16 and 8.x before 8.0.1.3 mishandles WebSEAL HTTPTransformation requests, which allows remote attackers to read or write to arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Query: telemetry for T1574.012
Matching passage: T1574.012 COR_PROFILER. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) The COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) Adversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and impair defenses provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1574.014 AppDomainManager. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking how the .NET `AppDomainManager` loads assemblies. The .NET framework uses the `AppDomainManager` class to create and manage one or more isolated runtime environments (called application domains) inside a process to host the execution of .NET applications. Assemblies (`.exe` or `.dll` binaries compiled to run as .NET code) may be loaded into an application domain as executable code.(Citation: Microsoft App Domains) Known as "AppDomainManager injection," adversaries may execute arbitrary code by hijacking how .NET applications load assemblies. For example, malware may create a custom application domain inside a target process to load and execute an arbitrary assembly. Alternatively, configuration files (`.config`) or process environment variables that define .NET runtime settings may be tampered with to instruct otherwise benign .NET applications to load a malicious assembly (identified by name) into the target process.(Citation: PenTestLabs AppDomainManagerInject)(Citation: PwC Yellow Liderc)(Citation: Rapid7 AppDomain Manager Injection)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1757
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1757. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in adfs/ls in Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1 and Server 2012 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the wct parameter, aka "ADFS XSS Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6754. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the administration interface in the Path Breadcrumbs module 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.3 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "Administer Path Breadcrumbs" permission to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Monitors for the hiding possible malicious files in the C:\Windows\Fonts\ location. This folder doesn't require admin pr in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Monitors for the hiding possible malicious files in the C:\Windows\Fonts\ location. This folder doesn't require admin pr. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Writing Of Malicious Files To The Fonts Folder id: ae9b0bd7-8888-4606-b444-0ed7410cb728 status: test description: Monitors for the hiding possible malicious files in the C:\Windows\Fonts\ location. This folder doesn't require admin privillege to be written and executed from. references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2020/04/20/sqlserver-or-the-miner-in-the-basement/ author: Sreeman date: 2020-04-21 modified: 2022-03-08 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1211 - attack.t1059 - attack.persistence - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_1: CommandLine|contains: - echo - copy - type - file createnew - cacls selection_2: CommandLine|contains: C:\Windows\Fonts\ selection_3: CommandLine|contains: - .sh - .exe - .dll - .bin - .bat - .cmd - .js - .msh - .reg - .scr - .ps - .vb - .jar - .pl - '.inf' - .cpl - .hta - .msi - .vbs condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects registry changes to Microsoft Office "AccessVBOM" to a value of "1" which disables trust access for VBA on the v. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Trust Access Disable For VBApplications id: 1a5c46e9-f32f-42f7-b2bc-6e9084db7fbf related: - id: 9b894e57-033f-46cf-b7fa-a52804181973 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects registry changes to Microsoft Office "AccessVBOM" to a value of "1" which disables trust access for VBA on the victim machine and lets attackers execute malicious macros without any Microsoft Office warnings. references: - https://twitter.com/inversecos/status/1494174785621819397 - https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/zloader-with-a-new-infection-technique/ - https://securelist.com/scarcruft-surveilling-north-korean-defectors-and-human-rights-activists/105074/ author: Trent Liffick (@tliffick), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-05-22 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \Security\AccessVBOM Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Disable or Modify System Firewall
Matching passage: T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gathered sufficient privileges, they can tamper with firewall services, policies, or rule sets to remove restrictions on inbound or outbound traffic. For example, this may include turning off firewall profiles, altering existing rules to permit previously blocked ports or protocols, or adding new rules that create covert communication paths (e.g., adding a new firewall rule for a well-known protocol (such as RDP) using a non-traditional and potentially less securitized port.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti) Adversaries may disable or modify firewalls using different behaviors, depending on the platform. For example, in ESXi, firewall rules may be modified directly via the esxcli (e.g., via esxcli network firewall set) or via the vCenter user interface.(Citation: Broadcom ESXi Firewall)(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1686.002 Network Device Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable network device-based firewall mechanisms entirely or add, delete, or modify particular rules in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Adversaries may obtain access to devices such as routers, switches, or other perimeter/network devices and change access control lists (ACLs), security zones, or policy rules to permit otherwise blocked traffic. For example, adversaries may add new network firewall rules to allow access to all internal network subnets without restrictions. Allowing access to internal network subsets may enable unrestricted inbound/outbound connectivity or open paths for command and control and lateral movement. Adversaries may obtain access to network device management interfaces via [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or by exploiting vulnerabilities. In some cases, threat actors may target firewalls and other network infrastructure that are exposed to the internet by leveraging weaknesses in public-facing applications ([Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).(Citation: CVE-2024-55591 Detail) Adversaries may also modify host networking configurations that indirectly manipulate system firewalls, such as adjusting interface bandwidth or network connection request thresholds.
Query: playbook for alert: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Search Threat Vendor Data
Matching passage: Playbook for T1681 Search Threat Vendor Data. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1681. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Threat actors may seek information/indicators from closed or open threat intelligence sources gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. These reports may include descriptions of behavior, detailed breakdowns of attacks, atomic indicators such as malware has
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1598.003 Spearphishing Link. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: explain T1090.004 Domain Fronting
Matching passage: T1090.004 Domain Fronting. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) Domain fronting involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. If both domains are served from the same CDN, then the CDN may route to the address specified in the HTTP header after unwrapping the TLS header. A variation of the the technique, "domainless" fronting, utilizes a SNI field that is left blank; this may allow the fronting to work even when the CDN attempts to validate that the SNI and HTTP Host fields match (if the blank SNI fields are ignored). For example, if domain-x and domain-y are customers of the same CDN, it is possible to place domain-x in the TLS header and domain-y in the HTTP header. Traffic will appear to be going to domain-x, however the CDN may route it to domain-y.
Near-miss passage: T1090 Proxy. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to further disguise the source of malicious traffic. Adversaries can also take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to proxy command and control traffic.