alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: secure coding against Invokable Control Element with Large Number of Outward Calls
Matching passage: CWE-1048 Invokable Control Element with Large Number of Outward Calls. The code contains callable control elements that contain an excessively large number of references to other application objects external to the context of the callable, i.e. a Fan-Out value that is excessively large.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1264 Hardware Logic with Insecure De-Synchronization between Control and Data Channels. The hardware logic for error handling and security checks can incorrectly forward data before the security check is complete.
Query: exploit mini_httpd 1.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via an HTTP request with a long protocol string, which triggers an incorrect
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1548. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. mini_httpd 1.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via an HTTP request with a long protocol string, which triggers an incorrect response size calculation and an out-of-bounds read.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9037. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer over-read may occur in the processing of a downlink 3G NAS message.
Query: actor TTPs: Socket Filters
Matching passage: T1205.002 Socket Filters. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may attach filters to a network socket to monitor then activate backdoors used for persistence or command and control. With elevated permissions, adversaries can use features such as the `libpcap` library to open sockets and install filters to allow or disallow certain types of data to come through the socket. The filter may apply to all traffic passing through the specified network interface (or every interface if not specified). When the network interface receives a packet matching the filter criteria, additional actions can be triggered on the host, such as activation of a reverse shell. To establish a connection, an adversary sends a crafted packet to the targeted host that matches the installed filter criteria.(Citation: haking9 libpcap network sniffing) Adversaries have used these socket filters to trigger the installation of implants, conduct ping backs, and to invoke command shells. Communication with these socket filters may also be used in conjunction with [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572).(Citation: exatrack bpf filters passive backdoors)(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020) Filters can be installed on any Unix-like platform with `libpcap` installed or on Windows hosts using `Winpcap`. Adversaries may use either `libpcap` with `pcap_setfilter` or the standard library function `setsockopt` with `SO_ATTACH_FILTER` options. Since the socket connection is not active until the packet is received, this behavior may be difficult to detect due to the lack of activity on a host, low CPU overhead, and limited visibility into raw socket usage.
Near-miss passage: T1205.001 Port Knocking. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software. This technique has been observed both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system. The observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0351. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0349, CVE-2015-0358, and CVE-2015-3039.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4906. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u60 and JavaFX 2.2.85 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to JavaFX, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4908 and CVE-2015-4916.
Query: vulnerability: SQL injection vulnerability in phpMyBackupPro when run in multi-user mode before 2.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the username and password paramet
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3637. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. SQL injection vulnerability in phpMyBackupPro when run in multi-user mode before 2.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the username and password parameters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10086. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in OpenCycleCompass server-php. Affected is an unknown function of the file api1/login.php. The manipulation of the argument user leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The name of the patch is fa0d9bcf81c711a88172ad0d37a842f029ac3782. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221808.
Query: vulnerability: The symmetric-key feature in the receive function in ntp_proto.c in ntpd in NTP 3.x and 4.x before 4.2.8p2 performs state-variable updates upon receiving certain invalid packets, w
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1799. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The symmetric-key feature in the receive function in ntp_proto.c in ntpd in NTP 3.x and 4.x before 4.2.8p2 performs state-variable updates upon receiving certain invalid packets, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to cause a denial of service (synchronization loss) by spoofing the source IP address of a peer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7192. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. The accessibility-tools feature in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 on OS X improperly interacts with the implementation of the TABLE element, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code by using an NSAccessibilityIndexAttribute value to reference a row index.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1435
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1435. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in my little forum before 2.3.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the back parameter to index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2420. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft System Center 2012 Operations Manager Gold before Rollup 8, SP1 before Rollup 10, and R2 before Rollup 7 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "System Center Operations Manager Web Console XSS Vulnerability."
Query: SOC alert related to Network Device Configuration Dump
Matching passage: T1602.002 Network Device Configuration Dump. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use. Adversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis.
Near-miss passage: T1602 Data from Configuration Repository. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may also facilitate remote access and administration of devices. Adversaries may target these repositories in order to collect large quantities of sensitive system administration data. Data from configuration repositories may be exposed by various protocols and software and can store a wide variety of data, much of which may align with adversary Discovery objectives.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using NTFS reparse point and wusa.exe DLL hijacking (UACMe 36). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: UAC Bypass Using NTFS Reparse Point - Process id: 39ed3c80-e6a1-431b-9df3-911ac53d08a7 status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using NTFS reparse point and wusa.exe DLL hijacking (UACMe 36) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-30 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|startswith: '"C:\Windows\system32\wusa.exe" /quiet C:\Users\' CommandLine|endswith: \AppData\Local\Temp\update.msu IntegrityLevel: - High - System - S-1-16-16384 - S-1-16-12288 selection2: ParentCommandLine: '"C:\Windows\system32\dism.exe" /online /quiet /norestart /add-package /packagepath:"C:\Windows\system32\pe386" /ignorecheck' IntegrityLevel: - High - System CommandLine|contains|all: - C:\Users\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \dismhost.exe { Image|endswith: \DismHost.exe condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of "Ilasm.EXE" in order to compile C# intermediate (IL) code to EXE or DLL.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: C# IL Code Compilation Via Ilasm.EXE id: 850d55f9-6eeb-4492-ad69-a72338f65ba4 status: test description: Detects the use of "Ilasm.EXE" in order to compile C# intermediate (IL) code to EXE or DLL. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Ilasm/ - https://www.echotrail.io/insights/search/ilasm.exe author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-05-07 modified: 2022-05-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1127 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \ilasm.exe - OriginalFileName: ilasm.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' /dll' - ' /exe' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: Sigma rule for Detects potential RDP Session Hijacking activity on Windows systems
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential RDP Session Hijacking activity on Windows systems. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential RDP Session Hijacking Activity id: 224f140f-3553-4cd1-af78-13d81bf9f7cc status: test description: Detects potential RDP Session Hijacking activity on Windows systems references: - https://twitter.com/Moti_B/status/909449115477659651 author: '@juju4' date: 2022-12-27 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \tscon.exe - OriginalFileName: tscon.exe selection_integrity: IntegrityLevel: - System - S-1-16-16384 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Administrative activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command lines that indicate unwanted modifications to registry keys that disable important Internet Explorer sec. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Disabled IE Security Features id: fb50eb7a-5ab1-43ae-bcc9-091818cb8424 status: test description: Detects command lines that indicate unwanted modifications to registry keys that disable important Internet Explorer security features references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/operation-ke3chang-resurfaces-with-new-tidepool-malware/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-06-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -name IEHarden ' - ' -value 0 ' selection2: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -name DEPOff ' - ' -value 1 ' selection3: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -name DisableFirstRunCustomize ' - ' -value 2 ' condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects the creation of potentially malicious script and executable files in Windows startup folders, which is a common
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of potentially malicious script and executable files in Windows startup folders, which is a common. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Startup Folder Persistence id: 28208707-fe31-437f-9a7f-4b1108b94d2e related: - id: 2aa0a6b4-a865-495b-ab51-c28249537b75 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the creation of potentially malicious script and executable files in Windows startup folders, which is a common persistence technique used by threat actors. These files (.ps1, .vbs, .js, .bat, etc.) are automatically executed when a user logs in, making the Startup folder an attractive target for attackers. This technique is frequently observed in malvertising campaigns and malware distribution where attackers attempt to maintain long-term access to compromised systems. ' references: - https://github.com/last-byte/PersistenceSniper - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/03/06/malvertising-campaign-leads-to-info-stealers-hosted-on-github/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/5ede8f21e42ebe37e0a6eff757dba60bcfa85859/atomics/T1547.001/T1547.001.md author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-10 modified: 2025-10-12 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\ TargetFilename|endswith: - .bat - .cmd - .dll - .hta - .jar - .js - .jse - .msi - .ps1 - .psd1 - .psm1 - .scr - .url - .vba - .vbe - .vbs - .wsf condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare legitimate usage of some of the extensions mentioned in the rule level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the import of the specified file to the registry with regedit.exe.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Imports Registry Key From a File id: 73bba97f-a82d-42ce-b315-9182e76c57b1 related: - id: 0b80ade5-6997-4b1d-99a1-71701778ea61 type: similar status: test description: Detects the import of the specified file to the registry with regedit.exe. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regedit/ - https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f author: Oddvar Moe, Sander Wiebing, oscd.community date: 2020-10-07 modified: 2024-03-13 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \regedit.exe - OriginalFileName: REGEDIT.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' /i ' - ' /s ' - .reg filter_1: CommandLine|contains|windash: - ' -e ' - ' -a ' - ' -c ' filter_2: CommandLine|re: :[^ \\] condition: all of selection_* and not all of filter_* falsepositives: - Legitimate import of keys - Evernote level: medium
Query: SOC alert related to Windows Command Shell
Matching passage: T1059.003 Windows Command Shell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. The command prompt can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: SSH in Windows) Batch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems. Adversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.
Near-miss passage: T1059.005 Visual Basic. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft) Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript) Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )
Query: detection rule: Detects rundll32 loading a renamed comsvcs.dll to dump process memory
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects rundll32 loading a renamed comsvcs.dll to dump process memory. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Suspicious Renamed Comsvcs DLL Loaded By Rundll32 id: 8cde342c-ba48-4b74-b615-172c330f2e93 status: test description: Detects rundll32 loading a renamed comsvcs.dll to dump process memory references: - https://twitter.com/sbousseaden/status/1555200155351228419 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-14 modified: 2023-02-17 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: image_load detection: selection: Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=eed93054cb555f3de70eaa9787f32ebb - IMPHASH=5e0dbdec1fce52daae251a110b4f309d - IMPHASH=eadbccbb324829acb5f2bbe87e5549a8 - IMPHASH=407ca0f7b523319d758a40d7c0193699 - IMPHASH=281d618f4e6271e527e6386ea6f748de filter: ImageLoaded|endswith: \comsvcs.dll condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "appcmd" to create new global URL rewrite rules. This behaviour has been observed being used by threat. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious IIS URL GlobalRules Rewrite Via AppCmd id: 7c8af9b2-dcae-41a2-a9db-b28c288b5f08 status: test description: Detects usage of "appcmd" to create new global URL rewrite rules. This behaviour has been observed being used by threat actors to add new rules so they can access their webshells. references: - https://twitter.com/malmoeb/status/1616702107242971144 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/739120/how-to-add-re-write-global-rule-with-action-type-r author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-22 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \appcmd.exe - OriginalFileName: appcmd.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - set - config - section:system.webServer/rewrite/globalRules - 'commit:' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of appcmd to add new URL rewrite rules level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-5963
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5963. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware in Django 1.8.x before 1.8.4, 1.7.x before 1.7.10, 1.4.x before 1.4.22, and possibly other versions allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (session store consumption or session record removal) via a large number of requests to contrib.auth.views.logout, which triggers the creation of an empty session record.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2668. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. ClamAV before 0.98.7 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted xz archive file.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Exploits
Matching passage: Playbook for T1587.004 Exploits. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1587.004. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: resource development. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use in
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1587.002 Code Signing Certificates. Different response path focused on resource development.