alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Suspicious Bandwidth Hijacking execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Near-miss passage: T1496.003 SMS Pumping. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a telecommunications provider, then leverages a victim’s messaging infrastructure to send large amounts of SMS messages to numbers in that set. By generating SMS traffic to their phone number set, a threat actor may earn payments from the telecommunications provider.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping Fraud) Threat actors often use publicly available web forms, such as one-time password (OTP) or account verification fields, in order to generate SMS traffic. These fields may leverage services such as Twilio, AWS SNS, and Amazon Cognito in the background.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)(Citation: AWS RE:Inforce Threat Detection 2024) In response to the large quantity of requests, SMS costs may increase and communication channels may become overwhelmed.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4010
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4010. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Encrypted Contact Form plugin before 1.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the iframe_url parameter in an Update Page action in the conformconf page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3351. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Log Watcher module before 6.x-1.2 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) enable, (2) disable, or (3) delete a report via unspecified vectors.
Query: rule covering Identifies when a device or device configuration in azure is modified or deleted.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a device or device configuration in azure is modified or deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Device or Configuration Modified or Deleted id: 46530378-f9db-4af9-a9e5-889c177d3881 status: test description: Identifies when a device or device configuration in azure is modified or deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/monitoring-health/reference-audit-activities#core-directory author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-03 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 - attack.t1565.001 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: properties.message: - Delete device - Delete device configuration - Update device - Update device configuration condition: selection falsepositives: - Device or device configuration being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Device or device configuration modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an attacker tries to change User Account Control (UAC) elevation request destination via the "PromptOnSecur. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: UAC Secure Desktop Prompt Disabled id: 0d7ceeef-3539-4392-8953-3dc664912714 related: - id: c5f6a85d-b647-40f7-bbad-c10b66bab038 type: similar - id: 48437c39-9e5f-47fb-af95-3d663c3f2919 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects when an attacker tries to change User Account Control (UAC) elevation request destination via the "PromptOnSecureDesktop" value. The "PromptOnSecureDesktop" setting specifically determines whether UAC prompts are displayed on the secure desktop. The secure desktop is a separate desktop environment that''s isolated from other processes running on the system. It''s designed to prevent malicious software from intercepting or tampering with UAC prompts. When "PromptOnSecureDesktop" is set to 0, UAC prompts are displayed on the user''s current desktop instead of the secure desktop. This reduces the level of security because it potentially exposes the prompts to manipulation by malicious software. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/7e11e9b79583545f208a6dc3fa062f2ed443d999/atomics/T1548.002/T1548.002.md author: frack113 date: 2024-05-10 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\PromptOnSecureDesktop Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9454
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9454. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The smooth-slider plugin before 2.7 for WordPress has SQL Injection via the wp-admin/admin.php?page=smooth-slider-admin current_slider_id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5725. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in the offset method in the Active Record class in CodeIgniter before 2.2.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via vectors involving the offset variable.
Query: EDR alert: possible Internal Spearphishing (T1534)
Matching passage: T1534 Internal Spearphishing. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: After they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment, adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or compromise other users within the same organization. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged campaign where a legitimate account is initially compromised either by controlling the user's device or by compromising the account credentials of the user. Adversaries may then attempt to take advantage of the trusted internal account to increase the likelihood of tricking more victims into falling for phish attempts, often incorporating [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001).(Citation: Trend Micro - Int SP) For example, adversaries may leverage [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) or [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) as part of internal spearphishing to deliver a payload or redirect to an external site to capture credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) on sites that mimic login interfaces. Adversaries may also leverage internal chat apps, such as Microsoft Teams, to spread malicious content or engage users in attempts to capture sensitive information and/or credentials.(Citation: Int SP - chat apps)
Near-miss passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Query: describe CVE-2015-0989
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0989. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. PACTware 4.1 SP3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted file that triggers an internal error.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3225. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. lib/rack/utils.rb in Rack before 1.5.4 and 1.6.x before 1.6.2, as used with Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.x and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SystemStackError) via a request with a large parameter depth.
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Fortinet FortiOS 5.0 Patch 7 build 4457 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) W
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1451. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Fortinet FortiOS 5.0 Patch 7 build 4457 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) WTP Name or (2) WTP Active Software Version field in a CAPWAP Join request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1617. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the ePO extension in McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint (DLPe) before 9.3.400 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the W in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the W. Logsource: windows / wmi. Rule: title: Failed Event Log Clear Via WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog id: d4f1a2b3-7c8e-4d5f-b6a9-1e0c2d3f4e5b status: test description: 'Detects failed attempts to clear Windows event logs via the WMI NTEventLogFile ClearEventLog method. Event 5858 in the WMI-Activity operational log is an error event, meaning it is only generated when the WMI operation encounters an error (e.g. access denied, provider failure). It could be an indication of an attacker attempting to clear event logs via WMI, but failing due to insufficient privileges or other issues. Successful clearing operations will NOT produce this event; for those, correlate with Security event 1102 or System event 104. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/cimwin32prov/cleareventlog-method-in-class-win32-nteventlogfile author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-07-01 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.005 logsource: product: windows service: wmi detection: selection: EventID: 5858 Operation|contains|all: - Win32_NTEventlogFile - cleareventlog condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/builtin/wmi/win_wmi_activity_nteventlogfile_cleareventlog/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execition of commands and binaries from the context of The program compatibility assistant (Pcalua.exe). This ca. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use of Pcalua For Execution id: 0955e4e1-c281-4fb9-9ee1-5ee7b4b754d2 related: - id: fa47597e-90e9-41cd-ab72-c3b74cfb0d02 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects execition of commands and binaries from the context of The program compatibility assistant (Pcalua.exe). This can be used as a LOLBIN in order to bypass application whitelisting. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Pcalua/ - https://pentestlab.blog/2020/07/06/indirect-command-execution/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Endgame), oscd.community date: 2022-06-14 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \pcalua.exe CommandLine|contains: ' -a' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use by a via a batch script or by an administrator. level: medium
Query: what is T1572
Matching passage: T1572 Protocol Tunneling. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. There are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) Adversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol or Service Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.
Near-miss passage: T1205.001 Port Knocking. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software. This technique has been observed both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system. The observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing SIEM correlation: reconnaissance activity consistent with Threat Intel Vendors
Matching passage: Playbook for T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1597.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target indust
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1597 Search Closed Sources. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5442
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5442. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Software Update before 5.005.002.002 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2050. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. D-Link DAP-1320 Rev Ax with firmware before 1.21b05 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects tampering of AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) related registry values via command line tools such as reg.exe o. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Windows AMSI Related Registry Tampering Via CommandLine id: 7dbbcac2-57a0-45ac-b306-ff30a8bd2981 related: - id: aa37cbb0-da36-42cb-a90f-fdf216fc7467 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects tampering of AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) related registry values via command line tools such as reg.exe or PowerShell. AMSI provides a generic interface for applications and services to integrate with antimalware products. Adversaries may disable AMSI to evade detection of malicious scripts and code execution. ' references: - https://github.com/arttoolkit/arttoolkit.github.io/blob/16d6230d009e58fd6f773f5317fd4d14c1f26004/_wadcoms/AMSI-Bypass-Jscript_amsienable.md - https://mostafayahiax.medium.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypassing-methods-9886dda0bf9d - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2019/02/macros-and-more-with-sharpshooter-v2-0/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-12-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_key: CommandLine|contains|all: - \Software\Microsoft\Windows Script\Settings - AmsiEnable selection_reg_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_reg_cmd: CommandLine|contains: add selection_powershell_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_powershell_cmd: CommandLine|contains: - Set-ItemProperty - New-ItemProperty - 'sp ' condition: selection_key and (all of selection_powershell_* or all of selection_reg_*) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_amsi_registry_tampering/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: AMSI Bypass - Create AMSIEnable Reg Key technique: T1562.001 atomic_guid: 728eca7b-0444-4f6f-ac36-437e3d751dc0
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION - PowerShell id: 20e5497e-331c-4cd5-8d36-935f6e2a9a07 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_4104: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii ScriptBlockText|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader ScriptBlockText|endswith: readtoend condition: selection_4104 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: how to detect Python
Matching passage: T1059.006 Python. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020) Python comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.
Near-miss passage: T1059.005 Visual Basic. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft) Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript) Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2398
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2398. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the XSS filter via a crafted attribute of an element in an HTML document, aka "Internet Explorer XSS Filter Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5455. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in X-Cart 4.5.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors to install/.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2481
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2481. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The RyuJIT compiler in Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6 produces incorrect code during an attempt at optimization, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .NET application, aka "RyuJIT Optimization Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2479 and CVE-2015-2480.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8570. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. The password reset functionality in Lepide Active Directory Self Service allows remote authenticated users to change arbitrary domain user passwords via a crafted request.
Query: vulnerability: SMBClient in SMB in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5893. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. SMBClient in SMB in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4980. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 7.0.0.6 through 7.0.0.9 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive personal information via unknown vectors.