alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8450. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted filters property value in a TextField object, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8638. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8634, CVE-2015-8635, CVE-2015-8639, CVE-2015-8640, CVE-2015-8641, CVE-2015-8642, CVE-2015-8643, CVE-2015-8646, CVE-2015-8647, CVE-2015-8648, CVE-2015-8649, and CVE-2015-8650.
Query: exploit Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote at
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2842. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in sounds/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5556. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Query: playbook for alert: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Create Process with Token
Matching passage: Playbook for T1134.002 Create Process with Token. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1134.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs) Creating processes with a token not associated with the current user may require the creden
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1134.001 Token Impersonation/Theft. Different response path focused on stealth, privilege escalation.
Query: describe CVE-2015-9030
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9030. CWE: CWE-306. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the Hypervisor API could be misused to bypass authentication.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2888. CWE: CWE-306. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Summer Baby Zoom Wifi Monitor & Internet Viewing System allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, related to the MySnapCam web service.
Query: how to detect DNS Server
Matching passage: T1584.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations. By compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Additionally, adversaries may leverage such control in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004) to redirect traffic to adversary-controlled infrastructure, mimicking normal trusted network communications.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019) Alternatively, they may be able to prove ownership of a domain to a SaaS service in order to assert control of the service or create a new administrative [Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003).(Citation: CyberCX SaaS Domain Hijacking 2025) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)
Near-miss passage: T1584.005 Botnet. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service, adversaries may build their own botnet by compromising numerous third-party systems.(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire) Adversaries may also conduct a takeover of an existing botnet, such as redirecting bots to adversary-controlled C2 servers.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015) With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in HP LoadRunner Controller before 12.50 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-2756.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5426. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in HP LoadRunner Controller before 12.50 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-2756.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2346. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in Huawei SEQ Analyst before V200R002C03LG0001CP0022 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via the req parameter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8005
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8005. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. MediaWiki before 1.23.11, 1.24.x before 1.24.4, and 1.25.x before 1.25.3 uses the thumbnail ImageMagick command line argument, which allows remote attackers to obtain the installation path by reading the metadata of a PNG thumbnail file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0673. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) 8.0(110.0) allows remote authenticated users to discover the passwords of arbitrary users by (1) reading log files or (2) using an unspecified GUI feature, aka Bug ID CSCut24792.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8032
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8032. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. In Textpattern 4.5.7, an unprivileged author can change an article's markup setting.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4446. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 7.5. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and perform a transition from Low Integrity to Medium Integrity via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5090 and CVE-2015-5106.
Query: detect The OpenWith.exe executes other binary in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: The OpenWith.exe executes other binary. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: OpenWith.exe Executes Specified Binary id: cec8e918-30f7-4e2d-9bfa-a59cc97ae60f status: test description: The OpenWith.exe executes other binary references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/4db780e0f0b2e2bb8cb1fa13e09196da9b9f1834/yml/LOLUtilz/OSBinaries/Openwith.yml - https://twitter.com/harr0ey/status/991670870384021504 author: Beyu Denis, oscd.community (rule), @harr0ey (idea) date: 2019-10-12 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \OpenWith.exe CommandLine|contains: /c condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious child processes of the "Manage Engine ServiceDesk Plus" Java web service. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Child Process Of Manage Engine ServiceDesk id: cea2b7ea-792b-405f-95a1-b903ea06458f status: test description: Detects suspicious child processes of the "Manage Engine ServiceDesk Plus" Java web service references: - https://www.horizon3.ai/manageengine-cve-2022-47966-technical-deep-dive/ - https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2022-47966/blob/3a51c6b72ebbd87392babd955a8fbeaee2090b35/CVE-2022-47966.py - https://blog.viettelcybersecurity.com/saml-show-stopper/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-18 modified: 2023-08-29 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1102 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|contains|all: - \ManageEngine\ServiceDesk\ - \java.exe Image|endswith: - \AppVLP.exe - \bash.exe - \bitsadmin.exe - \calc.exe - \certutil.exe - \cscript.exe - \curl.exe - \forfiles.exe - \mftrace.exe - \mshta.exe - \net.exe - \net1.exe - \notepad.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \query.exe - \reg.exe - \schtasks.exe - \scrcons.exe - \sh.exe - \systeminfo.exe - \whoami.exe - \wmic.exe - \wscript.exe filter_main_net: Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe CommandLine|contains: ' stop' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate sub processes started by Manage Engine ServiceDesk Pro level: high
Query: containment actions for SIEM correlation: command and control activity consistent with External Proxy
Matching passage: Playbook for T1090.002 External Proxy. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1090.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries u
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1090 Proxy. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3639
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3639. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. phpMyBackupPro 2.5 and earlier does not properly sanitize input strings, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code by storing a crafted string in a user configuration file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8727. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_rsvp_common function in epan/dissectors/packet-rsvp.c in the RSVP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not properly maintain request-key data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (use-after-free and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: Suspicious Outlook Forms execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1137.003 Outlook Forms. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same custom Outlook form.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Once malicious forms have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious forms will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)
Near-miss passage: T1137.002 Office Test. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office "Office Test" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy) There exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature, such as: * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> Adversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.
Query: what is T1578.002
Matching passage: T1578.002 Create Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Creating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.
Near-miss passage: T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5286
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5286. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. OpenStack Image Service (Glance) before 2014.2.4 (juno) and 2015.1.x before 2015.1.2 (kilo) allows remote authenticated users to bypass the storage quota and cause a denial of service (disk consumption) by deleting images that are being uploaded using a token that expires during the process. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-9623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2480. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The RyuJIT compiler in Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6 produces incorrect code during an attempt at optimization, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .NET application, aka "RyuJIT Optimization Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2479 and CVE-2015-2481.
Query: intelligence brief on T1036.006
Matching passage: T1036.006 Space after Filename. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system. For example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called <code>evil.bin</code>, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to <code>evil.txt</code>, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to <code>evil.txt </code> (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back). Adversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.
Near-miss passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Query: SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with Services File Permissions Weakness
Matching passage: T1574.010 Services File Permissions Weakness. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM. Adversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.
Near-miss passage: T1574.014 AppDomainManager. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking how the .NET `AppDomainManager` loads assemblies. The .NET framework uses the `AppDomainManager` class to create and manage one or more isolated runtime environments (called application domains) inside a process to host the execution of .NET applications. Assemblies (`.exe` or `.dll` binaries compiled to run as .NET code) may be loaded into an application domain as executable code.(Citation: Microsoft App Domains) Known as "AppDomainManager injection," adversaries may execute arbitrary code by hijacking how .NET applications load assemblies. For example, malware may create a custom application domain inside a target process to load and execute an arbitrary assembly. Alternatively, configuration files (`.config`) or process environment variables that define .NET runtime settings may be tampered with to instruct otherwise benign .NET applications to load a malicious assembly (identified by name) into the target process.(Citation: PenTestLabs AppDomainManagerInject)(Citation: PwC Yellow Liderc)(Citation: Rapid7 AppDomain Manager Injection)
Query: describe CVE-2015-6479
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6479. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. ACEmanager in Sierra Wireless ALEOS 4.4.2 and earlier on ES440, ES450, GX400, GX440, GX450, and LS300 devices allows remote attackers to read the filteredlogs.txt file, and consequently discover potentially sensitive boot-sequence information, via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0459. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and JavaFX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to 2D, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0491.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect integrity and availa
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4779. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect integrity and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4774 and CVE-2015-4788.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1255. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in content/renderer/media/webaudio_capturer_source.cc in the WebAudio implementation in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging improper handling of a stop action for an audio track.