alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of net/socket.c in the Linux kernel 3.19 before 3.19.3 does not validate certain range data for (1) sendto and (2) recvfrom system calls, which allows local users to gain privileges b
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2686. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. net/socket.c in the Linux kernel 3.19 before 3.19.3 does not validate certain range data for (1) sendto and (2) recvfrom system calls, which allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging a subsystem that uses the copy_from_iter function in the iov_iter interface, as demonstrated by the Bluetooth subsystem.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1704. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1703.
Query: detect Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
Matching passage: T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Near-miss passage: T1048.001 Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Symmetric encryption algorithms are those that use shared or the same keys/secrets on each end of the channel. This requires an exchange or pre-arranged agreement/possession of the value used to encrypt and decrypt data. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged, but adversaries may opt to manually share keys and implement symmetric cryptographic algorithms (ex: RC4, AES) vice using mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. This may result in multiple layers of encryption (in protocols that are natively encrypted such as HTTPS) or encryption in protocols that not typically encrypted (such as HTTP or FTP).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9202
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9202. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, while processing the content headers in the Playready module, a buffer overread may occur if the header count exceeds the expected value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1872. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The ff_mjpeg_decode_sof function in libavcodec/mjpegdec.c in FFmpeg before 2.5.4 does not validate the number of components in a JPEG-LS Start Of Frame segment, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted Motion JPEG data.
Query: what is T1027.002
Matching passage: T1027.002 Software Packing. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) Utilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.(Citation: Awesome Executable Packing)
Near-miss passage: T1027.011 Fileless Storage. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may store data in "fileless" formats to conceal malicious activity from defenses. Fileless storage can be broadly defined as any format other than a file. Common examples of non-volatile fileless storage in Windows systems include the Windows Registry, event logs, or WMI repository.(Citation: Microsoft Fileless)(Citation: SecureList Fileless) Shared memory directories on Linux systems (`/dev/shm`, `/run/shm`, `/var/run`, and `/var/lock`) and volatile directories on Network Devices (`/tmp` and `/volatile`) may also be considered fileless storage, as files written to these directories are mapped directly to RAM and not stored on the disk.(Citation: Elastic Binary Executed from Shared Memory Directory)(Citation: Akami Frog4Shell 2024)(Citation: Aquasec Muhstik Malware 2024)(Citation: Bitsight 7777 Botnet)(Citation: CISCO Nexus 900 Config). Similar to fileless in-memory behaviors such as [Reflective Code Loading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620) and [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), fileless data storage may remain undetected by antivirus and other endpoint security tools that can only access specific file formats from disk storage. Leveraging fileless storage may also allow adversaries to bypass the protections offered by read-only file systems in Linux.(Citation: Sysdig Fileless Malware 23022) Adversaries may use fileless storage to conceal various types of stored data, including payloads/shellcode (potentially being used as part of [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003)) and collected data not yet exfiltrated from the victim (e.g., [Local Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001)). Adversaries also often encrypt, encode, splice, or otherwise obfuscate this fileless data when stored. Some forms of fileless storage activity may indirectly create artifacts in the file system, but in central and otherwise difficult to inspect formats such as the WMI (e.g., `%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem\R
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2868
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2868. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An exploitable remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Trane ComfortLink II firmware version 2.0.2 in DSS service. An attacker who can connect to the DSS service on the Trane ComfortLink II device can send an overly long REG request that can overflow a fixed size stack buffer, resulting in arbitrary code execution.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2389. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1733 and CVE-2015-2411.
Query: vulnerability: The LDAPLoginModule implementation in the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) in Apache ActiveMQ 5.x before 5.10.1 allows wildcard operators in usernames, which al
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6524. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 5.0. The LDAPLoginModule implementation in the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) in Apache ActiveMQ 5.x before 5.10.1 allows wildcard operators in usernames, which allows remote attackers to obtain credentials via a brute force attack. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2014-3612 per ADT2 due to different vulnerability types.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2915. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Securifi Almond devices with firmware before AL1-R201EXP10-L304-W34 and Almond-2015 devices with firmware before AL2-R088M have a default password of admin for the admin account, which allows remote attackers to obtain web-management access by leveraging the ability to authenticate from the intranet.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the usage of "reg.exe" in order to query reconnaissance information from the registry. Adversaries may interact
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of "reg.exe" in order to query reconnaissance information from the registry. Adversaries may interact. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Configuration And Service Reconnaissance Via Reg.EXE id: 970007b7-ce32-49d0-a4a4-fbef016950bd status: test description: Detects the usage of "reg.exe" in order to query reconnaissance information from the registry. Adversaries may interact with the Windows registry to gather information about credentials, the system, configuration, and installed software. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1012/T1012.md author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2019-10-21 modified: 2023-02-05 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1012 - attack.t1007 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_flag: CommandLine|contains: query selection_key: CommandLine|contains: - currentVersion\windows - winlogon\ - currentVersion\shellServiceObjectDelayLoad - currentVersion\run - currentVersion\policies\explorer\run - currentcontrolset\services condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Discord level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects events from the Kernel-General ETW indicating that the access bits of a hive with a system like hive name locate. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Critical Hive In Suspicious Location Access Bits Cleared id: 39f919f3-980b-4e6f-a975-8af7e507ef2b related: - id: 839dd1e8-eda8-4834-8145-01beeee33acd type: obsolete status: test description: 'Detects events from the Kernel-General ETW indicating that the access bits of a hive with a system like hive name located in the temp directory have been reset. This occurs when an application tries to access a hive and the hive has not be recognized since the last 7 days (by default). Registry hive dumping utilities such as QuarksPwDump were seen emitting this behavior. ' references: - https://github.com/nasbench/Misc-Research/blob/b20da2336de0f342d31ef4794959d28c8d3ba5ba/ETW/Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-General.md author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-05-15 modified: 2024-01-18 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: EventID: 16 Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-General HiveName|contains: - \Temp\SAM - \Temp\SECURITY condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get acces
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get acces. Logsource: windows / appmodel-runtime. Rule: title: Sysinternals Tools AppX Versions Execution id: d29a20b2-be4b-4827-81f2-3d8a59eab5fc status: test description: 'Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get access to tools such as psexec and procdump to avoid detection based on System paths. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/microsoft-store author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-16 modified: 2023-09-12 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows service: appmodel-runtime detection: selection: EventID: 201 ImageName: - procdump.exe - psloglist.exe - psexec.exe - livekd.exe - ADExplorer.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of sysinternals applications from the Windows Store will trigger this. Apply exclusions as needed. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of SecurityXploded Tools. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - SecurityXploded Execution id: 7679d464-4f74-45e2-9e01-ac66c5eb041a status: stable description: Detects the execution of SecurityXploded Tools references: - https://securityxploded.com/ - https://web.archive.org/web/20200601000524/https://cyberx-labs.com/blog/gangnam-industrial-style-apt-campaign-targets-korean-industrial-companies/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-12-19 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1555 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Company: SecurityXploded - Image|endswith: PasswordDump.exe - OriginalFileName|endswith: PasswordDump.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Query: risk of The Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows 10 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Font Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2508. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows 10 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Font Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1156. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The page-loading implementation in WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.6, 7.x before 7.1.6, and 8.x before 8.0.6, does not properly handle the rel attribute in an A element, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy for a link's target, and spoof the user interface, via a crafted web site.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3726
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3726. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The Telephony subsystem in Apple iOS before 8.4 allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) SIM or (2) UIM card.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0638. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.2, and 15.3, when a VRF interface is configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (interface queue wedge) via crafted ICMPv4 packets, aka Bug ID CSCsi02145.
Query: exploit Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via unspecifi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1924. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1925, CVE-2015-1929, CVE-2015-1930, CVE-2015-1948, CVE-2015-1953, CVE-2015-1954, CVE-2015-1962, CVE-2015-1963, CVE-2015-1964, and CVE-2015-1965.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5942. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and watchOS before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5927.
Query: vulnerability: nwbc_ext2int in SAP NetWeaver Application Server before Security Note 2183189 allows XXE attacks for local file inclusion via the sap/bc/ui2/nwbc/nwbc_ext2int/ URI.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7968. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. nwbc_ext2int in SAP NetWeaver Application Server before Security Note 2183189 allows XXE attacks for local file inclusion via the sap/bc/ui2/nwbc/nwbc_ext2int/ URI.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1809. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 7.5. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in CloudBees Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary XML files via an XPath query.
Query: secure coding against Assumed-Immutable Data is Stored in Writable Memory
Matching passage: CWE-1282 Assumed-Immutable Data is Stored in Writable Memory. Immutable data, such as a first-stage bootloader, device identifiers, and write-once configuration settings are stored in writable memory that can be re-programmed or updated in the field.
Near-miss passage: CWE-142 Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: adversary uses Weaken Encryption
Matching passage: T1600 Weaken Encryption. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key. Adversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device’s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1600.001 Reduce Key Space. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Adversaries can weaken the encryption software on a compromised network device by reducing the key size used by the software to convert plaintext to ciphertext (e.g., from hundreds or thousands of bytes to just a couple of bytes). As a result, adversaries dramatically reduce the amount of effort needed to decrypt the protected information without the key. Adversaries may modify the key size used and other encryption parameters using specialized commands in a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) introduced to the system through [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to change the configuration of the device. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: secure coding against Exposure of Sensitive Information in Shared Microarchitectural Structures during Transient Execution
Matching passage: CWE-1421 Exposure of Sensitive Information in Shared Microarchitectural Structures during Transient Execution. A processor event may allow transient operations to access architecturally restricted data (for example, in another address space) in a shared microarchitectural structure (for example, a CPU cache), potentially exposing the data over a covert channel.
Near-miss passage: CWE-614 Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute. The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5278
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5278. CWE: CWE-835. CVSS: 6.5. The ne2000_receive function in hw/net/ne2000.c in QEMU before 2.4.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and instance crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via vectors related to receiving packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7850. CWE: CWE-835. CVSS: 6.5. ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (infinite loop or crash) by pointing the key file at the log file.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Web Protocols
Matching passage: T1071.001 Web Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. The DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) DNS beaconing may be used to send commands to remote systems via DNS queries. A DNS beacon is created by tunneling DNS traffic (i.e. [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572)). The commands may be embedded into different DNS records, for example, TXT or A records.(Citation: OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government) DNS beacons may be difficult to detect because the beacons infrequently communicate with infected devices.(Citation: DNS Beacons) Infrequent communication conceals the malicious DNS traffic with normal DNS traffic.