alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in data_point_details.shtm in Mango Automation 2.4.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1179. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in data_point_details.shtm in Mango Automation 2.4.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) dpid, (2) dpxid, or (3) pid parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2317. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The utils.http.is_safe_url function in Django before 1.4.20, 1.5.x, 1.6.x before 1.6.11, 1.7.x before 1.7.7, and 1.8.x before 1.8c1 does not properly validate URLs, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a control character in a URL, as demonstrated by a \x08javascript: URL.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6990
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6990. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6978, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-6993, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8869. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. OCaml before 4.03.0 does not properly handle sign extensions, which allows remote attackers to conduct buffer overflow attacks or obtain sensitive information as demonstrated by a long string to the String.copy function.
Query: adversary uses OS Credential Dumping
Matching passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Near-miss passage: T1003.003 NTDS. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory) In addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, adversaries may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015) The following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes. * Volume Shadow Copy * secretsdump.py * Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe * Invoke-NinjaCopy
Query: exploit Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3070. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-9161, CVE-2015-3046, CVE-2015-3049, CVE-2015-3050, CVE-2015-3051, CVE-2015-3052, CVE-2015-3056, CVE-2015-3057, and CVE-2015-3076.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8572. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in Autodesk Design Review (ADR) before 2013 Hotfix 2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted RLE data in a (1) BMP or (2) FLI file, (3) encoded scan lines in a PCX file, or (4) DataSubBlock or (5) GlobalColorTable in a GIF file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2796
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2796. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Project-Pier ProjectPier-Core allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the search_for parameter to (1) search_by_tag.php, (2) search_contacts.php, or (3) search.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2069. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the WooCommerce plugin before 2.2.11 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the QUERY_STRING in the wc-reports page to wp-admin/admin.php.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Rename Legitimate Utilities
Matching passage: T1036.003 Rename Legitimate Utilities. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may rename legitimate / system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for legitimate utilities adversaries are capable of abusing, including both built-in binaries and tools such as PSExec, AutoHotKey, and IronPython.(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)(Citation: Huntress Python Malware 2025)(Citation: The DFIR Report AutoHotKey 2023)(Citation: Splunk Detect Renamed PSExec) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>).(Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on these utilities executing from non-standard paths.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: write Sigma for Rule to detect the use of the SCX RunAsProvider ExecuteScript to execute any UNIX/Linux script using the /bin/sh shell.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Rule to detect the use of the SCX RunAsProvider ExecuteScript to execute any UNIX/Linux script using the /bin/sh shell.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: OMIGOD SCX RunAsProvider ExecuteScript id: 6eea1bf6-f8d2-488a-a742-e6ef6c1b67db status: test description: 'Rule to detect the use of the SCX RunAsProvider ExecuteScript to execute any UNIX/Linux script using the /bin/sh shell. Script being executed gets created as a temp file in /tmp folder with a scx* prefix. Then it is invoked from the following directory /etc/opt/microsoft/scx/conf/tmpdir/. The file in that directory has the same prefix scx*. SCXcore, started as the Microsoft Operations Manager UNIX/Linux Agent, is now used in a host of products including Microsoft Operations Manager, Microsoft Azure, and Microsoft Operations Management Suite. ' references: - https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure - https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/pull/3059 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research), MSTIC date: 2021-10-15 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.execution - attack.t1068 - attack.t1190 - attack.t1203 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: User: root LogonId: 0 CurrentDirectory: /var/opt/microsoft/scx/tmp CommandLine|contains: /etc/opt/microsoft/scx/conf/tmpdir/scx condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of SCX RunAsProvider ExecuteScript. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legi. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Remove Account From Domain Admin Group id: 48a45d45-8112-416b-8a67-46e03a4b2107 status: test description: 'Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1531/T1531.md#atomic-test-3---remove-account-from-domain-admin-group author: frack113 date: 2021-12-26 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1531 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Remove-ADGroupMember - '-Identity ' - '-Members ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: secure coding against Static Member Data Element outside of a Singleton Class Element
Matching passage: CWE-1042 Static Member Data Element outside of a Singleton Class Element. The code contains a member element that is declared as static (but not final), in which its parent class element is not a singleton class - that is, a class element that can be used only once in the 'to' association of a Create action.
Near-miss passage: CWE-606 Unchecked Input for Loop Condition. The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service or other consequences because of excessive looping.
Query: explain T1542.001 System Firmware
Matching passage: T1542.001 System Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer.(Citation: Wikipedia BIOS)(Citation: Wikipedia UEFI)(Citation: About UEFI) System firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.
Near-miss passage: T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6683
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6683. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5586, CVE-2015-6684, CVE-2015-6687, CVE-2015-6688, CVE-2015-6689, CVE-2015-6690, CVE-2015-6691, CVE-2015-7615, CVE-2015-7617, and CVE-2015-7621.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6690. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the popUpMenuEx method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5586, CVE-2015-6683, CVE-2015-6684, CVE-2015-6687, CVE-2015-6688, CVE-2015-6689, CVE-2015-6691, CVE-2015-7615, CVE-2015-7617, and CVE-2015-7621.
Query: EDR alert: possible Cached Domain Credentials (T1003.005)
Matching passage: T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds) On Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cache v2 hash.(Citation: PassLib mscache) The number of default cached credentials varies and can be altered per system. This hash does not allow pass-the-hash style attacks, and instead requires [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) to recover the plaintext password.(Citation: ired mscache) On Linux systems, Active Directory credentials can be accessed through caches maintained by software like System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) or Quest Authentication Services (formerly VAS). Cached credential hashes are typically located at `/var/lib/sss/db/cache.[domain].ldb` for SSSD or `/var/opt/quest/vas/authcache/vas_auth.vdb` for Quest. Adversaries can use utilities, such as `tdbdump`, on these database files to dump the cached hashes and use [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) to obtain the plaintext password.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) With SYSTEM or sudo access, the tools/utilities such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and secretsdump.py for Windows or Linikatz for Linux can be used to extract the cached credentials.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Note: Cached credentials for Windows Vista are derived using PBKDF2.(Citation: PassLib mscache)
Near-miss passage: T1003.004 LSA Secrets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets) [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)
Query: risk of Cisco IOS 15.2(3)E and earlier and IOS XE 3.6(2)E and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (functionality loss) via crafted Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) pa
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6294. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cisco IOS 15.2(3)E and earlier and IOS XE 3.6(2)E and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (functionality loss) via crafted Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) packets, aka Bug ID CSCuu25770.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3961. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 3.5. The web-server component in MNS before 4.5.6 on Belden GarrettCom Magnum 6K and Magnum 10K switches allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and reboot) via a crafted URL.
Query: SOC alert related to Container Orchestration Job
Matching passage: T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster. In Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)
Near-miss passage: T1053.005 Scheduled Task. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) utility can be run directly on the command line, or the Task Scheduler can be opened through the GUI within the Administrator Tools section of the Control Panel.(Citation: Stack Overflow) In some cases, adversaries have used a .NET wrapper for the Windows Task Scheduler, and alternatively, adversaries have used the Windows netapi32 library and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) (WMI) to create a scheduled task. Adversaries may also utilize the Powershell Cmdlet `Invoke-CimMethod`, which leverages WMI class `PS_ScheduledTask` to create a scheduled task via an XML path.(Citation: Red Canary - Atomic Red Team) An adversary may use Windows Task Scheduler to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. The Windows Task Scheduler can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and/or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM). Similar to [System Binary Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218), adversaries have also abused the Windows Task Scheduler to potentially mask one-time execution under signed/trusted system processes.(Citation: ProofPoint Serpent) Adversaries may also create "hidden" scheduled tasks (i.e. [Hide Artifacts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564)) that may not be visible to defender tools and manual queries used to enumerate tasks. Specifically, an adversary may hide a task from `schtasks /query` and the Task Scheduler by deleting the associated Security Descriptor (SD) registry value (where deletion of this value must be completed using SYSTEM permissions).(Citation: SigmaHQ)(Citation: Tarrask scheduled task) Adversaries may also employ alternate me
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1810
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1810. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The HudsonPrivateSecurityRealm class in Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 does not restrict access to reserved names when using the "Jenkins' own user database" setting, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges by creating a reserved name.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2527. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The process-initialization implementation in win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 does not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: adversary uses Threat Intel Vendors
Matching passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).