alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Visual Basic
Matching passage: T1059.005 Visual Basic. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft) Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript) Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling RC Scripts
Matching passage: T1037.004 RC Scripts. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts, which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify. Adversaries may establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.common</code>, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence. Adversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as ESXi hypervisors, IoT, or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware) As ESXi servers store most system files in memory and therefore discard changes on shutdown, leveraging `/etc/rc.local.d/local.sh` is one of the few mechanisms for enabling persistence across reboots.(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Several Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of Launchd.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)
Near-miss passage: T1037.005 Startup Items. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items.(Citation: Startup Items) This is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. An adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0388
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0388. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel UI Framework component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1 and 8.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Portal Framework, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0417.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1346. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google V8 before 3.30.33.15, as used in Google Chrome before 40.0.2214.91, allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown vectors.
Query: playbook for alert: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Exploits
Matching passage: Playbook for T1587.004 Exploits. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1587.004. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: resource development. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use in
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1587.002 Code Signing Certificates. Different response path focused on resource development.
Query: exploit Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, Word for Mac 2011, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, Word Automation Services on SharePoint S
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1641. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, Word for Mac 2011, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, and Office Web Apps Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted RTF document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8841. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the Archive support module in ESET NOD32 before update 11861 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large number of languages in an EPOC installation file of type SIS_FILE_MULTILANG.
Query: exploit The SSL-VPN feature in Fortinet FortiOS before 4.3.13 only checks the first byte of the TLS MAC in finished messages, which makes it easier for remote attackers to spoof encrypted 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5965. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The SSL-VPN feature in Fortinet FortiOS before 4.3.13 only checks the first byte of the TLS MAC in finished messages, which makes it easier for remote attackers to spoof encrypted content via a crafted MAC field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5401. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Teradata Gateway before 15.00.03.02-1 and 15.10.x before 15.10.00.01-1 and TD Express before 15.00.02.08_Sles10 and 15.00.02.08_Sles11 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (database crash) via a malformed CONFIG REQUEST message.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4762
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4762. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2.3 and 12.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Online patching.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1414. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Integer overflow in FreeBSD before 8.4 p24, 9.x before 9.3 p10. 10.0 before p18, and 10.1 before p6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted IGMP packet, which triggers an incorrect size calculation and allocation of insufficient memory.
Query: vulnerability: Integer overflow in the read_string function in libsvn_ra_svn/marshal.c in Apache Subversion 1.9.x before 1.9.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an svn:// prot
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5259. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.600000381469727. Integer overflow in the read_string function in libsvn_ra_svn/marshal.c in Apache Subversion 1.9.x before 1.9.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an svn:// protocol string, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow and an out-of-bounds read.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7034. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Apple iWork application before 2.6 for iOS and Apple Pages before 5.6 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted Pages document.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8399
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8399. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Atlassian Confluence before 5.8.17 allows remote authenticated users to read configuration files via the decoratorName parameter to (1) spaces/viewdefaultdecorator.action or (2) admin/viewdefaultdecorator.action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7902. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 provides different error messages for failed login attempts in unspecified circumstances, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a series of requests.
Query: telemetry for T1059.013
Matching passage: T1059.013 Container CLI/API. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse built-in CLI tools or API calls to execute malicious commands in containerized environments. The Docker CLI is used for managing containers via an exposed API point from the `dockerd` daemon. Some common examples of Docker CLI include Docker Desktop CLI and Docker Compose, but users are also able to use SDKs to interact with the API. For example, Docker SDK for Python can be used to run commands within a Python application.(Citation: Docker Desktop CLI) Adversaries may leverage the Docker CLI, API, or SDK to pull or build Docker images (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105), [Build Image on Host](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612)), run containers (i.e., [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610)), or execute commands inside running containers (i.e., [Container Administration Command](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609)). In some cases, threat actors may pull legitimate images that include scripts or tools that they can leverage - for example, using an image that includes the `curl` command to download payloads.(Citation: Intezer) Adversaries may also utilize `docker inspect` and `docker ps` to scan for cloud environment variables and other running containers (i.e., [Container and Resource Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613)).(Citation: Cisco Talos Blog)(Citation: aquasec) Kubernetes is responsible for the management and orchestration of containers across clusters. The Kubernetes control plane, which manages the state of the cluster and is responsible for scheduling, communication, and resource monitoring, can be invoked directly via the API or indirectly via CLI tools such as `kubectl`. It may also be accessed within client libraries such as Go or Python. By utilizing the API, administrators can interact with resources within the cluster such as listing or creating pods, which is a group of one or more containers. Adversaries call the API server via `curl` o
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6993
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6993. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6978, CVE-2015-6990, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3701. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Buffer overflow in the Intel Graphics Driver in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3695, CVE-2015-3696, CVE-2015-3697, CVE-2015-3698, CVE-2015-3699, CVE-2015-3700, and CVE-2015-3702.
Query: exploit The WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 does not send a restrictive X-Frame-Options HTTP header
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2854. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 does not send a restrictive X-Frame-Options HTTP header, which allows remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via vectors involving an IFRAME element.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1371. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in ferretCMS 1.0.4-alpha allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in custom/uploads/.
Query: common weakness: Path Equivalence: 'filename ' (Trailing Space)
Matching passage: CWE-46 Path Equivalence: 'filename ' (Trailing Space). The product accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Near-miss passage: CWE-359 Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product does not properly prevent a person's private, personal information from being accessed by actors who either (1) are not explicitly authorized to access the information or (2) do not have the implicit consent of the person about whom the information is collected.
Query: exploit Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to read the browser history via a crafted web site.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1765. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to read the browser history via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4194. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The web-based administrative interface in Cisco WebEx Meeting Center provides different error messages for failed login attempts depending on whether the username exists or corresponds to a privileged account, which allows remote attackers to enumerate account names and obtain sensitive information via a series of requests, aka Bug ID CSCuf28861.
Query: playbook for alert: SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with ROMMONkit
Matching passage: Playbook for T1542.004 ROMMONkit. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1542.004. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, persistence. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardwar
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1542.002 Component Firmware. Different response path focused on stealth, persistence.
Query: detection rule: Detects suspicious base64 encoded and obfuscated "LOAD" keyword used in .NET "reflection.assembly"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious base64 encoded and obfuscated "LOAD" keyword used in .NET "reflection.assembly". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Encoded And Obfuscated Reflection Assembly Load Function Call id: 9c0295ce-d60d-40bd-bd74-84673b7592b1 related: - id: 62b7ccc9-23b4-471e-aa15-6da3663c4d59 type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious base64 encoded and obfuscated "LOAD" keyword used in .NET "reflection.assembly" references: - https://github.com/Neo23x0/Raccine/blob/20a569fa21625086433dcce8bb2765d0ea08dcb6/yara/mal_revil.yar - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/05/09/seo-poisoning-a-gootloader-story/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.appdomain.load?view=net-7.0 author: pH-T (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-01 modified: 2023-04-06 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - OgA6ACgAIgBMACIAKwAiAG8AYQBkACIAKQ - oAOgAoACIATAAiACsAIgBvAGEAZAAiACkA - 6ADoAKAAiAEwAIgArACIAbwBhAGQAIgApA - OgA6ACgAIgBMAG8AIgArACIAYQBkACIAKQ - oAOgAoACIATABvACIAKwAiAGEAZAAiACkA - 6ADoAKAAiAEwAbwAiACsAIgBhAGQAIgApA - OgA6ACgAIgBMAG8AYQAiACsAIgBkACIAKQ - oAOgAoACIATABvAGEAIgArACIAZAAiACkA - 6ADoAKAAiAEwAbwBhACIAKwAiAGQAIgApA - OgA6ACgAJwBMACcAKwAnAG8AYQBkACcAKQ - oAOgAoACcATAAnACsAJwBvAGEAZAAnACkA - 6ADoAKAAnAEwAJwArACcAbwBhAGQAJwApA - OgA6ACgAJwBMAG8AJwArACcAYQBkACcAKQ - oAOgAoACcATABvACcAKwAnAGEAZAAnACkA - 6ADoAKAAnAEwAbwAnACsAJwBhAGQAJwApA - OgA6ACgAJwBMAG8AYQAnACsAJwBkACcAKQ - oAOgAoACcATABvAGEAJwArACcAZAAnACkA - 6ADoAKAAnAEwAbwBhACcAKwAnAGQAJwApA condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell called from an executable by the version mismatch method. Logsource: windows / ps_classic_start. Rule: title: PowerShell Called from an Executable Version Mismatch id: c70e019b-1479-4b65-b0cc-cd0c6093a599 status: test description: Detects PowerShell called from an executable by the version mismatch method references: - https://adsecurity.org/?p=2921 author: Sean Metcalf (source), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-05 modified: 2023-10-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_classic_start detection: selection_engine: Data|contains: - EngineVersion=2. - EngineVersion=4. - EngineVersion=5. selection_host: Data|contains: HostVersion=3. condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects when an access policy that is applied to a GCP cloud resource is deleted. An adversary would be able to remove a
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an access policy that is applied to a GCP cloud resource is deleted. An adversary would be able to remove a. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: GCP Access Policy Deleted id: 32438676-1dba-4ac7-bf69-b86cba995e05 status: test description: 'Detects when an access policy that is applied to a GCP cloud resource is deleted. An adversary would be able to remove access policies to gain access to a GCP cloud resource. ' references: - https://cloud.google.com/access-context-manager/docs/audit-logging - https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/understanding-audit-logs - https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/reference/audit/auditlog/rest/Shared.Types/AuditLog author: Bryan Lim date: 2024-01-12 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1098 logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: data.protoPayload.authorizationInfo.permission: - accesscontextmanager.accessPolicies.delete - accesscontextmanager.accessPolicies.accessLevels.delete - accesscontextmanager.accessPolicies.accessZones.delete - accesscontextmanager.accessPolicies.authorizedOrgsDescs.delete data.protoPayload.authorizationInfo.granted: 'true' data.protoPayload.serviceName: accesscontextmanager.googleapis.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of stordiag.exe to execute schtasks.exe systeminfo.exe and fltmc.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Execution via stordiag.exe id: 961e0abb-1b1e-4c84-a453-aafe56ad0d34 status: test description: Detects the use of stordiag.exe to execute schtasks.exe systeminfo.exe and fltmc.exe references: - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/stordiag.exe-1F08FC87C373673944F6A7E8B18CD845.html - https://twitter.com/eral4m/status/1451112385041911809 author: Austin Songer (@austinsonger) date: 2021-10-21 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \stordiag.exe Image|endswith: - \schtasks.exe - \systeminfo.exe - \fltmc.exe filter: ParentImage|startswith: - c:\windows\system32\ - c:\windows\syswow64\ condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of stordiag.exe. level: high
Query: exploit The gdk-pixbuf configuration in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 on Linux GNOME platforms incorrectly enables the JasPer decoder, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of serv
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7216. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The gdk-pixbuf configuration in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 on Linux GNOME platforms incorrectly enables the JasPer decoder, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted JPEG 2000 image.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8704. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. apl_42.c in ISC BIND 9.x before 9.9.8-P3, 9.9.x, and 9.10.x before 9.10.3-P3 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (INSIST assertion failure and daemon exit) via a malformed Address Prefix List (APL) record.