alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: persistence using Winlogon Helper DLL
Matching passage: T1547.004 Winlogon Helper DLL. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\Software[\\Wow6432Node\\]\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\</code> and <code>HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\</code> are used to manage additional helper programs and functionalities that support Winlogon.(Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) Malicious modifications to these Registry keys may cause Winlogon to load and execute malicious DLLs and/or executables. Specifically, the following subkeys have been known to be possibly vulnerable to abuse: (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) * Winlogon\Notify - points to notification package DLLs that handle Winlogon events * Winlogon\Userinit - points to userinit.exe, the user initialization program executed when a user logs on * Winlogon\Shell - points to explorer.exe, the system shell executed when a user logs on Adversaries may take advantage of these features to repeatedly execute malicious code and establish persistence.
Near-miss passage: T1547.009 Shortcut Modification. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries may abuse shortcuts in the startup folder to execute their tools and achieve persistence.(Citation: Shortcut for Persistence ) Although often used as payloads in an infection chain (e.g. [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)), adversaries may also create a new shortcut as a means of indirection, while also abusing [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the malicious shortcut appear as a legitimate program. Adversaries can also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their malware will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program. Shortcuts can also be abused to establish persistence by implementing other methods. For example, LNK browser extensions may be modified (e.g. [Browser Extensions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176/001)) to persistently launch malware.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Financial Theft
Matching passage: T1657 Financial Theft. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may steal monetary resources from targets through extortion, social engineering, technical theft, or other methods aimed at their own financial gain at the expense of the availability of these resources for victims. Financial theft is the ultimate objective of several popular campaign types including extortion by ransomware,(Citation: FBI-ransomware) business email compromise (BEC) and fraud,(Citation: FBI-BEC) "pig butchering,"(Citation: wired-pig butchering) bank hacking,(Citation: DOJ-DPRK Heist) and exploiting cryptocurrency networks.(Citation: BBC-Ronin) Adversaries may [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586) to conduct unauthorized transfers of funds.(Citation: Internet crime report 2022) In the case of business email compromise or email fraud, an adversary may utilize [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001) of a trusted entity. Once the social engineering is successful, victims can be deceived into sending money to financial accounts controlled by an adversary.(Citation: FBI-BEC) This creates the potential for multiple victims (i.e., compromised accounts as well as the ultimate monetary loss) in incidents involving financial theft.(Citation: VEC) Extortion by ransomware may occur, for example, when an adversary demands payment from a victim after [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) (Citation: NYT-Colonial) and [Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0010) of data, followed by threatening to leak sensitive data to the public unless payment is made to the adversary.(Citation: Mandiant-leaks) Adversaries may use dedicated leak sites to distribute victim data.(Citation: Crowdstrike-leaks) Due to the potentially immense business impact of financial theft, an adversary may abuse the possibility of financial theft and seeking monetary gain to divert attention from their true goals such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and business
Near-miss passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Query: ATT&CK technique for Clear Mailbox Data
Matching passage: T1070.008 Clear Mailbox Data. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may modify mail and mail application data to remove evidence of their activity. Email applications allow users and other programs to export and delete mailbox data via command line tools or use of APIs. Mail application data can be emails, email metadata, or logs generated by the application or operating system, such as export requests. Adversaries may manipulate emails and mailbox data to remove logs, artifacts, and metadata, such as evidence of [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534), [Email Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114), [Mail Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003) for command and control, or email-based exfiltration such as [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048). For example, to remove evidence on Exchange servers adversaries have used the <code>ExchangePowerShell</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) module, including <code>Remove-MailboxExportRequest</code> to remove evidence of mailbox exports.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: ExchangePowerShell Module) On Linux and macOS, adversaries may also delete emails through a command line utility called <code>mail</code> or use [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) to interact with APIs on macOS.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: mailx man page) Adversaries may also remove emails and metadata/headers indicative of spam or suspicious activity (for example, through the use of organization-wide transport rules) to reduce the likelihood of malicious emails being detected by security products.(Citation: Microsoft OAuth Spam 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1070.009 Clear Persistence. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647), or other methods of cleanup to prevent defenders from collecting evidence of their persistent presence.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) Adversaries may also delete accounts previously created to maintain persistence (i.e. [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136)).(Citation: Talos - Cisco Attack 2022) In some instances, artifacts of persistence may also be removed once an adversary’s persistence is executed in order to prevent errors with the new instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)
Query: explain T1680 Local Storage Discovery
Matching passage: T1680 Local Storage Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate local drives, disks, and/or volumes and their attributes like total or free space and volume serial number. This can be done to prepare for ransomware-related encryption, to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0109), or as a precursor to [Direct Volume Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006). On ESXi systems, adversaries may use [Hypervisor CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012) commands such as `esxcli` to list storage connected to the host as well as `.vmdk` files.(Citation: TrendMicro)(Citation: TrendMicro ESXI Ransomware) On Windows systems, adversaries can use `wmic logicaldisk get` to find information about local network drives. They can also use `Get-PSDrive` in PowerShell to retrieve drives and may additionally use Windows API functions such as `GetDriveType`.(Citation: Trend Micro MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD HIUPAN SEPTEMBER 2024)(Citation: Volexity) Linux has commands such as `parted`, `lsblk`, `fdisk`, `lshw`, and `df` that can list information about disk partitions such as size, type, file system types, and free space. The command `diskutil` on MacOS can be used to list disks while `system_profiler SPStorageDataType` can additionally show information such as a volume’s mount path, file system, and the type of drive in the system. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers also have commands for storage discovery such as `describe volume` in AWS, `gcloud compute disks list` in GCP, and `az disk list` in Azure.(Citation: AWS docs describe volumes)(Citation: GCP gcloud compute disks list)(Citation: azure az disk)
Near-miss passage: T1482 Domain Trust Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)
Query: describe CVE-2015-0862
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0862. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the management web UI in the RabbitMQ management plugin before 3.4.3 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) message details when a message is unqueued, such as headers or arguments; (2) policy names, which are not properly handled when viewing policies; (3) details for AMQP network clients, such as the version; allow remote authenticated administrators to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (4) user names, (5) the cluster name; or allow RabbitMQ cluster administrators to (6) modify unspecified content.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6960. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. edx-platform before 2015-09-17 allows XSS via a team name.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in NetCracker Resource Management System before 8.2 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2207. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in NetCracker Resource Management System before 8.2 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) ctrl, (2) t90001_0_theform_selection, (3) _scroll, (4) tableName, (5) parent, (6) circuit, (7) return, (8) xname, or (9) mpTransactionId parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1437. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Asus RT-N10+ D1 router with firmware 2.1.1.1.70 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the flag parameter to (1) result_of_get_changed_status.asp or (2) error_page.htm.
Query: weakness SQL Injection: Hibernate
Matching passage: CWE-564 SQL Injection: Hibernate. Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
Near-miss passage: CWE-186 Overly Restrictive Regular Expression. A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.
Query: secure coding against Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters
Matching passage: CWE-142 Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-636 Not Failing Securely ('Failing Open'). When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.
Query: rule covering Detects suspicious execution of 'Powercfg.exe' to change lock screen timeout
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious execution of 'Powercfg.exe' to change lock screen timeout. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Powercfg Execution To Change Lock Screen Timeout id: f8d6a15e-4bc8-4c27-8e5d-2b10f0b73e5b status: test description: Detects suspicious execution of 'Powercfg.exe' to change lock screen timeout references: - https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2022/11/batloader-the-evasive-downloader-malware.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/powercfg-command-line-options author: frack113 date: 2022-11-18 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_power: - Image|endswith: \powercfg.exe - OriginalFileName: PowerCfg.exe selection_standby: - CommandLine|contains|all: - '/setacvalueindex ' - SCHEME_CURRENT - SUB_VIDEO - VIDEOCONLOCK - CommandLine|contains|all: - '-change ' - -standby-timeout- condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects programs that connect to uncommon destination ports. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Communication To Uncommon Destination Ports id: 6d8c3d20-a5e1-494f-8412-4571d716cf5c related: - id: 4b89abaa-99fe-4232-afdd-8f9aa4d20382 type: similar status: test description: Detects programs that connect to uncommon destination ports references: - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17pSTDNpa0sf6pHeRhusvWG6rThciE8CsXTSlDUAZDyo author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-19 modified: 2024-03-12 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1571 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationPort: - 8080 - 8888 filter_main_local_ranges: DestinationIp|cidr: - 127.0.0.0/8 - 10.0.0.0/8 - 172.16.0.0/12 - 192.168.0.0/16 - 169.254.0.0/16 - ::1/128 - fe80::/10 - fc00::/7 filter_optional_sys_directories: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detect Adversaries can use curl to download payloads remotely and execute them. Curl is included by default in Windows 10 build in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries can use curl to download payloads remotely and execute them. Curl is included by default in Windows 10 build. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Curl Download And Execute Combination id: 21dd6d38-2b18-4453-9404-a0fe4a0cc288 status: test description: Adversaries can use curl to download payloads remotely and execute them. Curl is included by default in Windows 10 build 17063 and later. references: - https://medium.com/@reegun/curl-exe-is-the-new-rundll32-exe-lolbin-3f79c5f35983 author: Sreeman, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-01-13 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -c ' CommandLine|contains|all: - 'curl ' - http - -o - '&' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Scheduled Tasks where the program being run is located in a suspicious location or where it is. Logsource: windows / taskscheduler. Rule: title: Scheduled Task Executed Uncommon LOLBIN id: f0767f15-0fb3-44b9-851e-e8d9a6d0005d status: test description: Detects the execution of Scheduled Tasks where the program being run is located in a suspicious location or where it is an unusual program to be run from a Scheduled Task references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-05 modified: 2023-02-07 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1053.005 logsource: product: windows service: taskscheduler definition: 'Requirements: The "Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational" is disabled by default and needs to be enabled in order for this detection to trigger' detection: selection: EventID: 129 Path|endswith: - \calc.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \mspaint.exe - \notepad.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \wscript.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - False positives may occur with some of the selected binaries if you have tasks using them (which could be very common in your environment). Exclude all the specific trusted tasks before using this rule level: medium
Query: exploit A vulnerable file in Opto 22 PAC Project Professional versions prior to R9.4006, PAC Project Basic versions prior to R9.4006, PAC Display Basic versions prior to R9.4f, PAC Display
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1006. CWE: CWE-121. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerable file in Opto 22 PAC Project Professional versions prior to R9.4006, PAC Project Basic versions prior to R9.4006, PAC Display Basic versions prior to R9.4f, PAC Display Professional versions prior to R9.4f, OptoOPCServer versions prior to R9.4c, and OptoDataLink version R9.4d and prior versions that were installed by PAC Project installer, versions prior to R9.4006, is susceptible to a heap-based buffer overflow condition that may allow remote code execution on the target system. Opto 22 suggests upgrading to the new product version as soon as possible.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1007. CWE: CWE-121. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. A specially crafted configuration file could be used to cause a stack-based buffer overflow condition in the OPCTest.exe, which may allow remote code execution on Opto 22 PAC Project Professional versions prior to R9.4008, PAC Project Basic versions prior to R9.4008, PAC Display Basic versions prior to R9.4g, PAC Display Professional versions prior to R9.4g, OptoOPCServer version R9.4c and prior that were installed by PAC Project installer, versions prior to R9.4008, and OptoDataLink version R9.4d and prior that were installed by PAC Project installer, versions prior to R9.4008. Opto 22 suggests upgrading to the new product version as soon as possible.
Query: Suspicious Network Share Connection Removal execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1070.005 Network Share Connection Removal. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\system\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)
Near-miss passage: T1070.009 Clear Persistence. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647), or other methods of cleanup to prevent defenders from collecting evidence of their persistent presence.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) Adversaries may also delete accounts previously created to maintain persistence (i.e. [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136)).(Citation: Talos - Cisco Attack 2022) In some instances, artifacts of persistence may also be removed once an adversary’s persistence is executed in order to prevent errors with the new instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)