alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9118
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9118. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9615, MDM9625, MDM9635M, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, in ADSP's QDI Root-PD driver, untrusted arguments from User PD may cause integer overflow resulting in buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5779. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3765, CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3788, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3791, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5751, and CVE-2015-5753.
Query: detection engineering for Multi-Factor Authentication
Matching passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1556 Modify Authentication Process. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Adversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4395
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4395. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.5. The HybridAuth Social Login module 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.10 for Drupal stores passwords in plaintext when the "Ask user for a password when registering" option is enabled, which allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to obtain sensitive information by leveraging access to the database.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7846. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Huawei S7700, S9700, S9300 before V200R07C00SPC500, and AR200, AR1200, AR2200, AR3200 before V200R005C20SPC200 allows attackers with physical access to the CF card to obtain sensitive information.
Query: vulnerability: The xdr_nullstring function in lib/kadm5/kadm_rpc_xdr.c in kadmind in MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) before 1.13.4 and 1.14.x before 1.14.1 does not verify whether '\0' characters exist
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8629. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The xdr_nullstring function in lib/kadm5/kadm_rpc_xdr.c in kadmind in MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) before 1.13.4 and 1.14.x before 1.14.1 does not verify whether '\0' characters exist as expected, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a crafted string.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8958. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 6.5. coders/sun.c in ImageMagick before 6.9.0-4 Beta allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted SUN file.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / file_access
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects file access requests to the Windows Credential History File by an uncommon application. This can be a sign of cr. Logsource: windows / file_access. Rule: title: Access To Windows Credential History File By Uncommon Applications id: 7a2a22ea-a203-4cd3-9abf-20eb1c5c6cd2 status: test description: 'Detects file access requests to the Windows Credential History File by an uncommon application. This can be a sign of credential stealing. Example case would be usage of mimikatz "dpapi::credhist" function ' references: - https://tools.thehacker.recipes/mimikatz/modules/dpapi/credhist - https://www.passcape.com/windows_password_recovery_dpapi_credhist author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-17 modified: 2024-07-29 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1555.004 logsource: category: file_access product: windows definition: 'Requirements: Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-File ETW provider' detection: selection: FileName|endswith: \Microsoft\Protect\CREDHIST filter_main_system_folders: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Windows\system32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ filter_main_explorer: Image: C:\Windows\explorer.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user that doesn't have permissions to invite a guest user attempts to invite one.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Guest User Invited By Non Approved Inviters id: 0b4b72e3-4c53-4d5b-b198-2c58cfef39a9 status: test description: Detects when a user that doesn't have permissions to invite a guest user attempts to invite one. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts#things-to-monitor author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Yochana Henderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-10 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Invite external user Status: failure condition: selection falsepositives: - A non malicious user is unaware of the proper process level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: An adversary might use WMI to discover information about the system, such as the volume name, size, free space, and othe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: System Disk And Volume Reconnaissance Via Wmic.EXE id: c79da740-5030-45ec-a2e0-479e824a562c related: - id: d85ecdd7-b855-4e6e-af59-d9c78b5b861e type: similar status: test description: 'An adversary might use WMI to discover information about the system, such as the volume name, size, free space, and other disk information. This can be done using the ''wmic'' command-line utility and has been observed being used by threat actors such as Volt Typhoon. ' references: - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-144a - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wmic author: Stephen Lincoln '@slincoln-aiq' (AttackIQ) date: 2024-02-02 modified: 2025-10-20 tags: - attack.execution - attack.discovery - attack.t1047 - attack.t1082 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \WMIC.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_cli: - CommandLine|contains: - ' volumename' - ' logicaldisk' - CommandLine|contains|all: - path - win32_logicaldisk - CommandLine|contains|all: - ' volume' - ' list ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_wmic_recon_volume/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a flashplayer update from an unofficial location. Logsource: proxy. Rule: title: Flash Player Update from Suspicious Location id: 4922a5dd-6743-4fc2-8e81-144374280997 status: test description: Detects a flashplayer update from an unofficial location references: - https://gist.github.com/roycewilliams/a723aaf8a6ac3ba4f817847610935cfb author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-10-25 modified: 2022-08-08 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1189 - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 - attack.t1036.005 logsource: category: proxy detection: selection: - c-uri|contains: /flash_install.php - c-uri|endswith: /install_flash_player.exe filter: cs-host|endswith: .adobe.com condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown flash download locations level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3274
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3274. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the user_get_user_details function in user/lib.php in Moodle through 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.9, 2.8.x before 2.8.7, and 2.9.x before 2.9.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML by leveraging absence of an external_format_text call in a web service.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9416. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The sitepress-multilingual-cms (WPML) plugin 2.9.3 to 3.2.6 for WordPress has XSS via the Accept-Language HTTP header.
Query: vulnerability: Hospira LifeCare PCA Infusion System before 7.0 has hardcoded credentials, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1011. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Hospira LifeCare PCA Infusion System before 7.0 has hardcoded credentials, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2139. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM) before 7.5.0, as used in HP Matrix Operating Environment before 7.5.0 and other products, allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5403.
Query: detect Detects the addition of a new module to an IIS server. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a new module to an IIS server.. Logsource: windows / iis-configuration. Rule: title: New Module Module Added To IIS Server id: dd857d3e-0c6e-457b-9b48-e82ae7f86bd7 status: test description: Detects the addition of a new module to an IIS server. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/manage/provisioning-and-managing-iis/configure-logging-in-iis - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/12/12/iis-modules-the-evolution-of-web-shells-and-how-to-detect-them/ - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/26/malicious-iis-extensions-quietly-open-persistent-backdoors-into-servers/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/introduction-to-iis/iis-modules-overview author: frack113 date: 2024-10-06 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.001 - attack.t1505.004 logsource: product: windows service: iis-configuration detection: selection: EventID: 29 Configuration|contains: /system.webServer/modules/add filter_main_builtin: NewValue: - AnonymousAuthenticationModule - CustomErrorModule - DefaultDocumentModule - DirectoryListingModule - FileCacheModule - HttpCacheModule - HttpLoggingModule - ProtocolSupportModule - RequestFilteringModule - StaticCompressionModule - StaticFileModule - TokenCacheModule - UriCacheModule filter_main_remove: NewValue: '' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrator activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects default install commands of the Triple Cross eBPF rootkit based on the "deployer.sh" script. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Triple Cross eBPF Rootkit Install Commands id: 22236d75-d5a0-4287-bf06-c93b1770860f status: test description: Detects default install commands of the Triple Cross eBPF rootkit based on the "deployer.sh" script references: - https://github.com/h3xduck/TripleCross/blob/1f1c3e0958af8ad9f6ebe10ab442e75de33e91de/apps/deployer.sh author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1014 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /sudo CommandLine|contains|all: - ' tc ' - ' enp0s3 ' CommandLine|contains: - ' qdisc ' - ' filter ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-2716
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2716. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the XML parser in Mozilla Firefox before 38.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.7, and Thunderbird before 31.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by providing a large amount of compressed XML data, a related issue to CVE-2015-1283.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7937. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the GoAhead Web Server on Schneider Electric Modicon M340 PLC BMXNOx and BMXPx devices allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long password in HTTP Basic Authentication data.
Query: actor TTPs: PowerShell
Matching passage: T1059.001 PowerShell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the <code>Start-Process</code> cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the <code>Invoke-Command</code> cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems). PowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk. A number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack) PowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the <code>powershell.exe</code> binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying <code>System.Management.Automation</code> assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1059.011 Lua. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Lua commands and scripts for execution. Lua is a cross-platform scripting and programming language primarily designed for embedded use in applications. Lua can be executed on the command-line (through the stand-alone lua interpreter), via scripts (<code>.lua</code>), or from Lua-embedded programs (through the <code>struct lua_State</code>).(Citation: Lua main page)(Citation: Lua state) Lua scripts may be executed by adversaries for malicious purposes. Adversaries may incorporate, abuse, or replace existing Lua interpreters to allow for malicious Lua command execution at runtime.(Citation: PoetRat Lua)(Citation: Lua Proofpoint Sunseed)(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny)(Citation: Kaspersky Lua)
Query: intelligence brief on T1560.003
Matching passage: T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)
Near-miss passage: T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options. Additionally, adversaries may use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to Base64 encode collected data before exfiltration. Adversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)
Query: exploit Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) before 2.3.90 allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via crafted serialized data, related to TemplatesControlle
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5721. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) before 2.3.90 allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via crafted serialized data, related to TemplatesController.php and populate_event_from_template_attributes.ctp.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5643. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The installer in ICZ MATCHA INVOICE before 2.5.7 does not properly configure the database, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in system_firmware_restorefullbackup.php in the WebGUI in pfSense before 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2295. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in system_firmware_restorefullbackup.php in the WebGUI in pfSense before 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete arbitrary files via the deletefile parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8624. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The User::matchEditToken function in includes/User.php in MediaWiki before 1.23.12, 1.24.x before 1.24.5, 1.25.x before 1.25.4, and 1.26.x before 1.26.1 does not perform token comparison in constant time before determining if a debugging message should be logged, which allows remote attackers to guess the edit token and bypass CSRF protection via a timing attack, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8623.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Right-to-Left Override
Matching passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Near-miss passage: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: `svchost.exe`). Alternatively, a Windows Registry key may be given a close approximation to a key used by a legitimate program. In containerized environments, a threat actor may create a resource in a trusted namespace or one that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Backdoor 2023)
Query: exploit In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, and SD 800, lack o
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9212. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, and SD 800, lack of input validation while processing TZ_PR_CMD_SAVE_KEY command could lead to a buffer overread.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2506. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. atmfd.dll in the Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a crafted OpenType font, aka "OpenType Font Parsing Vulnerability."
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in the login page in Epiphany Cardio Server 3.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via a crafted URL.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6537. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in the login page in Epiphany Cardio Server 3.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7682. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in pie-register/pie-register.php in the Pie Register plugin before 2.0.19 for WordPress allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) select_invitaion_code_bulk_option or (2) invi_del_id parameter in the pie-invitation-codes page to wp-admin/admin.php.