alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling AppInit DLLs
Matching passage: T1546.010 AppInit DLLs. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. The AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)
Near-miss passage: T1546.003 Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time, user login, or the computer's uptime.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015) Adversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system.(Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015)(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015) Adversaries may also compile WMI scripts – using `mofcomp.exe` –into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension) that can be used to create a malicious subscription.(Citation: Dell WMI Persistence)(Citation: Microsoft MOF May 2018) WMI subscription execution is proxied by the WMI Provider Host process (WmiPrvSe.exe) and thus may result in elevated SYSTEM privileges.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Dynamic Resolution
Matching passage: T1568 Dynamic Resolution. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control. Adversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Near-miss passage: T1568.003 DNS Calculation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) One implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)
Query: detect Identifies the suspicious use of AssumeRole. Attackers could move laterally and escalate privileges. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies the suspicious use of AssumeRole. Attackers could move laterally and escalate privileges.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS STS AssumeRole Misuse id: 905d389b-b853-46d0-9d3d-dea0d3a3cd49 status: test description: Identifies the suspicious use of AssumeRole. Attackers could move laterally and escalate privileges. references: - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/pull/1214 - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/STS/latest/APIReference/API_AssumeRole.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-07-24 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548 - attack.t1550 - attack.t1550.001 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: userIdentity.type: AssumedRole userIdentity.sessionContext.sessionIssuer.type: Role condition: selection falsepositives: - AssumeRole may be done by a system or network administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - AssumeRole from unfamiliar users or hosts should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. - Automated processes that uses Terraform may lead to false positives. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line patterns associated with the use of Pnscan for sending and receiving binary data across the network. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Pnscan Binary Data Transmission Activity id: 97de11cd-4b67-4abf-9a8b-1020e670aa9e status: test description: 'Detects command line patterns associated with the use of Pnscan for sending and receiving binary data across the network. This behavior has been identified in a Linux malware campaign targeting Docker, Apache Hadoop, Redis, and Confluence and was previously used by the threat actor known as TeamTNT ' author: David Burkett (@signalblur) date: 2024-04-16 references: - https://www.cadosecurity.com/blog/spinning-yarn-a-new-linux-malware-campaign-targets-docker-apache-hadoop-redis-and-confluence - https://intezer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TeamTNT-Cryptomining-Explosion.pdf - https://regex101.com/r/RugQYK/1 - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/beddf70a7bab805f0c0b69ac0989db6755949f9f68525c08cb874988353f78a9/content tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1046 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: CommandLine|re: -(W|R)\s?(\s|"|')([0-9a-fA-F]{2}\s?){2,20}(\s|"|') condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: containment actions for EDR alert: possible Disable or Modify Tools (T1685)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1685 Disable or Modify Tools. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1685. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may disable, degrade, or tamper with security tools or applications (e.g., endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, intrusion detection systems (IDS), antivirus, logging agents, sensors, etc.) to impair or reduce visibility of defensive capabilities. This may include stopping specific services, killing processes, modifying or deleting tool configuration files and Registry keys, or
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1685.005 Clear Windows Event Logs. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: secure coding against Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding
Matching passage: CWE-175 Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding. The product does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
Near-miss passage: CWE-586 Explicit Call to Finalize(). The product makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.
Query: detect Detects a failed installation of a Exchange Transport Agent in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a failed installation of a Exchange Transport Agent. Logsource: windows / msexchange-management. Rule: title: Failed MSExchange Transport Agent Installation id: c7d16cae-aaf3-42e5-9c1c-fb8553faa6fa status: test description: Detects a failed installation of a Exchange Transport Agent references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=8 author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-06-08 modified: 2022-07-12 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.002 logsource: service: msexchange-management product: windows detection: selection: EventID: 6 Data|contains: Install-TransportAgent condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate installations of exchange TransportAgents. AssemblyPath is a good indicator for this. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects code fragments found in small and obfuscated AMSI bypass PowerShell scripts. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: AMSI Bypass Pattern Assembly GetType id: e0d6c087-2d1c-47fd-8799-3904103c5a98 status: test description: Detects code fragments found in small and obfuscated AMSI bypass PowerShell scripts references: - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2018/06/exploring-powershell-amsi-and-logging-evasion/ - https://twitter.com/cyb3rops/status/1588574518057979905?s=20&t=A7hh93ONM7ni1Rj1jO5OaA author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-11-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - '[Ref].Assembly.GetType' - SetValue($null,$true) - NonPublic,Static condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8644. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2628. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to CORBA.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0822
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0822. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Form Autocompletion feature in Mozilla Firefox before 36.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.5, and Thunderbird before 31.5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via crafted JavaScript code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3721. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The kernel in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 does not properly handle HFS parameters, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7598
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7598. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. SafeNet Authentication Service TokenValidator Proxy Agent uses a weak ACL for unspecified installation directories and executable modules, which allows local users to gain privileges by modifying an executable module.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3188. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The UI daemon in Apache Storm 0.10.0 before 0.10.0-beta1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Application Window Discovery
Matching passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Near-miss passage: T1016.001 Internet Connection Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites, or performing initial speed testing to confirm bandwidth. Adversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain re
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain re. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: QuickAssist Execution id: e20b5b14-ce93-4230-88af-981983ef6e74 status: experimental description: 'Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain remote access. ' references: - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/15/threat-actors-misusing-quick-assist-in-social-engineering-attacks-leading-to-ransomware/ - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ/ - https://x.com/cyb3rops/status/1862406110365245506 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/client-management/client-tools/quick-assist author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-12-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \QuickAssist.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Quick Assist in the environment. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "system" flag in order to retrieve information about the different co. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi System Information Discovery Via ESXCLI id: e80273e1-9faf-40bc-bd85-dbaff104c4e9 status: test description: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "system" flag in order to retrieve information about the different component of the system. Such as accounts, modules, NTP, etc. references: - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hypervisor-jackpotting-ecrime-actors-increase-targeting-of-esxi-servers/ - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_system.html author: Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-09-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.t1033 - attack.t1007 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains: system selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' get' - ' list' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: exploit pulp-consumer-client 2.4.0 through 2.6.3 does not check the server's TLS certificate signatures when retrieving the server's public key upon registration.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5263. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. pulp-consumer-client 2.4.0 through 2.6.3 does not check the server's TLS certificate signatures when retrieving the server's public key upon registration.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2319. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 7.5. The TLS stack in Mono before 3.12.1 makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cipher-downgrade attacks to EXPORT_RSA ciphers via crafted TLS traffic, related to the "FREAK" issue, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0204.
Query: detect Identifies potential full network packet capture in gcp. This feature can potentially be abused to read sensitive data f in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies potential full network packet capture in gcp. This feature can potentially be abused to read sensitive data f. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Full Network Traffic Packet Capture id: 980a7598-1e7f-4962-9372-2d754c930d0e status: test description: Identifies potential full network packet capture in gcp. This feature can potentially be abused to read sensitive data from unencrypted internal traffic. references: - https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/audit-logging - https://developers.google.com/resources/api-libraries/documentation/compute/v1/java/latest/com/google/api/services/compute/Compute.PacketMirrorings.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-13 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1074 logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.Get - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.Delete - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.Insert - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.Patch - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.List - v*.Compute.PacketMirrorings.aggregatedList condition: selection falsepositives: - Full Network Packet Capture may be done by a system or network administrator. - If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a highly relevant Antivirus alert that reports password dumpers and stealers. This event must not be ignored jus. Logsource: antivirus. Rule: title: Antivirus - Password Dumper Signature id: 78cc2dd2-7d20-4d32-93ff-057084c38b93 status: stable description: 'Detects a highly relevant Antivirus alert that reports password dumpers and stealers. This event must not be ignored just because the AV has blocked the malware but investigate, how it came there in the first place and check if passwords need to be reset. ' references: - https://www.nextron-systems.com/?s=antivirus - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/5fcda49ee7f202559a6cbbb34edb65c33c9a1e0bde9fa2af06a6f11b55ded619 - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a4edfbd42595d5bddb442c82a02cf0aaa10893c1bf79ea08b9ce576f82749448 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Arnim Rupp date: 2018-09-09 modified: 2026-06-15 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003 - attack.t1558 - attack.t1003.001 - attack.t1003.002 logsource: category: antivirus detection: selection: - Signature|startswith: PWS - Signature|contains: - Certify - DCSync - Creddump - DumpCreds - DumpLsass - DumpPert - FormBook - HTool/WCE - Kekeo - Lazagne - LsassDump - Lummast - Mimikatz - MultiDump - Multiverze - Nanodump - NativeDump - Outflank - PShlSpy - PSWTool - PWCrack - PWDump - PWS. - PWSX - pypykatz - Rubeus - SafetyKatz - SecurityTool - SharpChrome - SharpDPAPI - SharpDump - SharpKatz - SharpS. - ShpKatz - Steal - TrickDump - wsass condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Query: describe CVE-2015-9335
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9335. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The limit-attempts plugin before 1.1.1 for WordPress has SQL injection during IP address handling.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1476. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in xlinkerz ecommerceMajor allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) productbycat parameter to product.php, or (2) username or (3) password parameter to __admin/index.php.
Query: actor TTPs: Scanning IP Blocks
Matching passage: T1595.001 Scanning IP Blocks. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Adversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1595.003 Wordlist Scanning. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid credentials. Wordlists used in these scans may contain generic, commonly used names and file extensions or terms specific to a particular software. Adversaries may also create custom, target-specific wordlists using data gathered from other Reconnaissance techniques (ex: [Gather Victim Org Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591), or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). For example, adversaries may use web content discovery tools such as Dirb, DirBuster, and GoBuster and generic or custom wordlists to enumerate a website’s pages and directories.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) This can help them to discover old, vulnerable pages or hidden administrative portals that could become the target of further operations (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110)). As cloud storage solutions typically use globally unique names, adversaries may also use target-specific wordlists and tools such as s3recon and GCPBucketBrute to enumerate public and private buckets on cloud infrastructure.(Citation: S3Recon GitHub)(Citation: GCPBucketBrute) Once storage objects are discovered, adversaries may leverage [Data from Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530) to access valuable information that can be exfiltrated or used to escalate privileges and move laterally.
Query: exploit NTP before 4.2.8p6 and 4.3.x before 4.3.90 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (client-server association tear down) by sending broadcast packets with invalid auth
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7979. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.5. NTP before 4.2.8p6 and 4.3.x before 4.3.90 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (client-server association tear down) by sending broadcast packets with invalid authentication to a broadcast client.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0613. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) via crafted SIP INVITE messages, aka Bug ID CSCul20444.