alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain T1021.006 Windows Remote Management
Matching passage: T1021.006 Windows Remote Management. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. WinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014) WinRM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).(Citation: MSDN WMI)
Near-miss passage: T1021.001 Remote Desktop Protocol. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1696
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1696. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Journal file, aka "Windows Journal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1675, CVE-2015-1695, CVE-2015-1697, CVE-2015-1698, and CVE-2015-1699.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0092. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0088, CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0091, and CVE-2015-0093.
Query: detection engineering for SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking
Matching passage: T1553.003 SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function, (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Because of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Similar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) * Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\SOFTWARE
Near-miss passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5788
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5788. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The WebKit Canvas implementation in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and obtain sensitive image information via vectors involving a CANVAS element.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0070. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to read content from a different (1) domain or (2) zone via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Cross-domain Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: exploit In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 41
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9184. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, and SD 835, lack of length checking in wv_dash_core_load_keys_v8() could lead to a buffer overflow vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0100. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: exploit The ANAuthenticateResource method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7623. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The ANAuthenticateResource method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, and CVE-2015-7620.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8597. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in Blue Coat ProxySG 6.5 before 6.5.8.8 and 6.6 and Advanced Secure Gateway (ASG) 6.6 might allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a base64-encoded URL in conjunction with a "clear text" one in a coaching page, as demonstrated by "http://www.%humbug-URL%.local/bluecoat-splash-API?%BASE64-URL%."
Query: exploit The Kankun Smart Socket device and mobile application uses a hardcoded AES 256 bit key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to (1) obtain sensitive information by sniffing t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4080. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Kankun Smart Socket device and mobile application uses a hardcoded AES 256 bit key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to (1) obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network and (2) obtain access to the device by encrypting messages.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3324. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ThinkServer System Manager (TSM) Baseboard Management Controller before firmware 1.27.73476 for ThinkServer RD350, RD450, RD550, RD650, and TD350 does not validate server certificates during an "encrypted remote KVM session," which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6390
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6390. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the management interface in Cisco Unity Connection 9.1(1.10) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted value in a URL, aka Bug ID CSCup92741.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7485. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Rational Engineering Lifecycle Manager 3.0 before 3.0.1.6 iFix7 Interim Fix 1, 4.0 before 4.0.7 iFix10, 5.0 before 5.0.2 iFix15, and 6.0 before 6.0.1 iFix4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 108626.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4516
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4516. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 allows remote attackers to bypass certain ECMAScript 5 (aka ES5) API protection mechanisms and modify immutable properties, and consequently execute arbitrary JavaScript code with chrome privileges, via a crafted web page that does not use ES5 APIs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6618. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Bluetooth in Android 4.4 and 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY48Z allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging access to the local physical environment, aka internal bug 24595992.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8560
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8560. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in util.c in foomatic-rip in cups-filters 1.0.42 before 1.4.0 and in foomatic-filters in Foomatic 4.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a ; (semicolon) character in a print job, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8327.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2296. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The resolve_redirects function in sessions.py in requests 2.1.0 through 2.5.3 allows remote attackers to conduct session fixation attacks via a cookie without a host value in a redirect.
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011 and Excel 2016 for Mac allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted e-mail 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6123. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011 and Excel 2016 for Mac allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted e-mail message that is mishandled by Outlook for Mac, aka "Microsoft Outlook for Mac Spoofing Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0727. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the HTTP module in Cisco Security Manager (CSM) 4.7(0)SP1(1) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka Bug ID CSCut27789.
Query: explain CWE-473
Matching passage: CWE-473 PHP External Variable Modification. A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.
Near-miss passage: CWE-645 Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism. The product contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily, which allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects creation of a hidden user account on macOS (UserID < 500) or with IsHidden option
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of a hidden user account on macOS (UserID < 500) or with IsHidden option. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Hidden User Creation id: b22a5b36-2431-493a-8be1-0bae56c28ef3 status: test description: Detects creation of a hidden user account on macOS (UserID < 500) or with IsHidden option references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1564.002/T1564.002.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-10 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: dscl_create: Image|endswith: /dscl CommandLine|contains: create id_below_500: CommandLine|contains: UniqueID CommandLine|re: ([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[1-4][0-9]{2}) ishidden_option_declaration: CommandLine|contains: IsHidden ishidden_option_confirmation: CommandLine|contains: - 'true' - 'yes' - '1' condition: dscl_create and id_below_500 or dscl_create and (ishidden_option_declaration and ishidden_option_confirmation) falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of FSharp Interpreters "FsiAnyCpu.exe" and "FSi.exe" Both can be used for AWL bypass and to execut. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use of FSharp Interpreters id: b96b2031-7c17-4473-afe7-a30ce714db29 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of FSharp Interpreters "FsiAnyCpu.exe" and "FSi.exe" Both can be used for AWL bypass and to execute F# code via scripts or inline. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/design/applications-that-can-bypass-wdac - https://bohops.com/2020/11/02/exploring-the-wdac-microsoft-recommended-block-rules-part-ii-wfc-fsi/ - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/FsiAnyCpu/ - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Fsi/ author: Christopher Peacock @SecurePeacock, SCYTHE @scythe_io date: 2022-06-02 modified: 2024-04-23 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: - \fsi.exe - \fsianycpu.exe - OriginalFileName: - fsi.exe - fsianycpu.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use by a software developer. level: medium
Query: secure coding against SQL Injection: Hibernate
Matching passage: CWE-564 SQL Injection: Hibernate. Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
Near-miss passage: CWE-201 Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data. The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.
Query: vulnerability: SQL injection vulnerability in the WPML plugin before 3.1.9 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the lang parameter in the HTTP Referer heade
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2314. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the WPML plugin before 3.1.9 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the lang parameter in the HTTP Referer header in a wp-link-ajax action to comments/feed.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1000003. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Blind SQL Injection in filedownload v1.4 wordpress plugin
Query: describe CVE-2015-1876
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1876. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in ES File Explorer 3.2.4.1.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2995. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The RdsLogsEntry servlet in SysAid Help Desk before 15.2 does not properly check file extensions, which allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via a NULL byte after the extension, as demonstrated by a .war%00 file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4924
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4924. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.1.1, 9.3.1.2, 9.3.2, and 9.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via vectors related to Security.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4766. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.25 and earlier allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Security : Firewall.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1635
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1635. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. HTTP.sys in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted HTTP requests, aka "HTTP.sys Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5693. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 7.900000095367432. The management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via vectors related to "traffic capture."
Query: write Sigma for Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Configuration Changes id: 801bd44f-ceed-4eb6-887c-11544633c0aa related: - id: 1321dc4e-a1fe-481d-a016-52c45f0c8b4f type: similar - id: a3ab73f1-bd46-4319-8f06-4b20d0617886 type: similar - id: 91903aba-1088-42ee-b680-d6d94fe002b0 type: similar status: stable description: Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide - https://bidouillesecurity.com/disable-windows-defender-in-powershell/#DisableAntiSpyware author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-06 modified: 2023-11-24 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5007 NewValue|contains: - '\Windows Defender\DisableAntiSpyware ' - '\Windows Defender\Scan\DisableRemovableDriveScanning ' - '\Windows Defender\Scan\DisableScanningMappedNetworkDrivesForFullScan ' - '\Windows Defender\SpyNet\DisableBlockAtFirstSeen ' - '\Real-Time Protection\SpyNetReporting ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator activity (must be investigated) level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get acces. Logsource: windows / appmodel-runtime. Rule: title: Sysinternals Tools AppX Versions Execution id: d29a20b2-be4b-4827-81f2-3d8a59eab5fc status: test description: 'Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get access to tools such as psexec and procdump to avoid detection based on System paths. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/microsoft-store author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-16 modified: 2023-09-12 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows service: appmodel-runtime detection: selection: EventID: 201 ImageName: - procdump.exe - psloglist.exe - psexec.exe - livekd.exe - ADExplorer.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of sysinternals applications from the Windows Store will trigger this. Apply exclusions as needed. level: low
Query: adversary uses Non-Standard Port
Matching passage: T1571 Non-Standard Port. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data. Adversaries may also make changes to victim systems to abuse non-standard ports. For example, Registry keys and other configuration settings can be used to modify protocol and port pairings.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti)
Near-miss passage: T1573 Encrypted Channel. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Query: vulnerability: Simple Streams (simplestreams) does not properly verify the GPG signatures of disk image files, which allows remote mirror servers to spoof disk images and have unspecified other i
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1337. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Simple Streams (simplestreams) does not properly verify the GPG signatures of disk image files, which allows remote mirror servers to spoof disk images and have unspecified other impact via a 403 (aka Forbidden) response.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9061. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, playReady DRM failed to check a length potentially leading to unauthorized access to secure memory.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0911
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0911. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in TAGAWA Takao TransmitMail 1.0.11 through 1.5.8 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via vectors related to attachment handling.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4632. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in Koha 3.14.x before 3.14.16, 3.16.x before 3.16.12, 3.18.x before 3.18.08, and 3.20.x before 3.20.1 allow remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ..%2f (dot dot encoded slash) in the template_path parameter to (1) svc/virtualshelves/search or (2) svc/members/search.