alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: write Sigma for Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation VAR++ LAUNCHER OBFUSCATION - PowerShell id: e54f5149-6ba3-49cf-b153-070d24679126 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-13 modified: 2024-04-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_4104: ScriptBlockText|re: (?i)&&set.*(\{\d\}){2,}\\"\s+?-f.*&&.*cmd.*/c condition: selection_4104 falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Netsh command execution that whitelists a program located in a suspicious location in the Windows Firewall. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Program Location Whitelisted In Firewall Via Netsh.EXE id: a35f5a72-f347-4e36-8895-9869b0d5fc6d status: test description: Detects Netsh command execution that whitelists a program located in a suspicious location in the Windows Firewall references: - https://www.virusradar.com/en/Win32_Kasidet.AD/description - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/07e789f4f2f3259e7559fdccb36e96814c2dbff872a21e1fa03de9ee377d581f?environmentId=100 author: Sander Wiebing, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-05-25 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \netsh.exe - OriginalFileName: netsh.exe selection_cli: - CommandLine|contains|all: - firewall - add - allowedprogram - CommandLine|contains|all: - advfirewall - firewall - add - rule - action=allow - program= selection_paths: CommandLine|contains: - :\$Recycle.bin\ - :\RECYCLER.BIN\ - :\RECYCLERS.BIN\ - :\SystemVolumeInformation\ - :\Temp\ - :\Users\Default\ - :\Users\Desktop\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\addins\ - :\Windows\cursors\ - :\Windows\debug\ - :\Windows\drivers\ - :\Windows\fonts\ - :\Windows\help\ - :\Windows\system32\tasks\ - :\Windows\Tasks\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \Downloads\ - \Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\ - \Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\ - '%Public%\' - '%TEMP%' - '%TMP%' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the XML Developer's Kit for C component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect availabi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4923. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the XML Developer's Kit for C component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2772. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. SVM in Websense TRITON V-Series appliances before 8.0.0 allows attackers to upload arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of HP Matrix Operating Environment before 7.5.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify data via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5427. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. HP Matrix Operating Environment before 7.5.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify data via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5428 and CVE-2015-5429.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1587. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in file_to_index.php in Maarch LetterBox 2.8 and earlier and GEC/GED 1.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a file with a PHP extension, then accessing it via a request to a predictable filename in tmp/.
Query: exploit Mozilla Firefox before 36.0 allows user-assisted remote attackers to read arbitrary files or execute arbitrary JavaScript code with chrome privileges via a crafted web site that is
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0821. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 36.0 allows user-assisted remote attackers to read arbitrary files or execute arbitrary JavaScript code with chrome privileges via a crafted web site that is accessed with unspecified mouse and keyboard actions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8940. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Integer overflow in sound/soc/msm/qdsp6v2/q6lsm.c in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-08-05 on Nexus 6 devices allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka Android internal bug 28813987 and Qualcomm internal bug CR792367.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle GlassFish Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 2.1.1, 3.0.1, and 3.1.2; and the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Mi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4744. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle GlassFish Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 2.1.1, 3.0.1, and 3.1.2; and the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.3.6.0, 12.1.1.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Java Server Faces.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1926. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Portal component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.8.0 and 11.1.1.9.0, and the Oracle Applications Framework component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2.3 and 12.2.4, allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Portal.
Query: exploit XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in bkr/server/jobs.py in Beaker before 20.1 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via submitting job XML to the 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3160. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in bkr/server/jobs.py in Beaker before 20.1 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via submitting job XML to the server containing entity references which reference files from the Beaker server's file system.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7968. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. nwbc_ext2int in SAP NetWeaver Application Server before Security Note 2183189 allows XXE attacks for local file inclusion via the sap/bc/ui2/nwbc/nwbc_ext2int/ URI.
Query: risk of The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Serve
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1721. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Null Pointer Dereference Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4047. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. racoon/gssapi.c in IPsec-Tools 0.8.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and IKE daemon crash) via a series of crafted UDP requests.
Query: indicators of Credential API Hooking
Matching passage: T1056.004 Credential API Hooking. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions and Linux system functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API or function calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. In Windows, hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via: * **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) * **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015) * **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015) In Linux and macOS, adversaries may hook into system functions via the `LD_PRELOAD` (Linux) or `DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES` (macOS) environment variables, which enables loading shared libraries into a program’s address space. For example, an adversary may capture credentials by hooking into the `libc read` function leveraged by SSH or SCP.(Citation: Intezer Symbiote 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1056 Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).
Query: weakness Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Matching passage: CWE-1336 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine. The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
Near-miss passage: CWE-828 Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe. The product defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Mobile sliding menu module 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "administer menu" permission
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5495. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Mobile sliding menu module 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "administer menu" permission to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4518. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Reader View implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 has an improper whitelist, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass the Content Security Policy (CSP) protection mechanism and conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via vectors involving SVG animations and the about:reader URL.
Query: detection rule: Download or Copy file with Extrac32
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Download or Copy file with Extrac32. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Extrac32 Execution id: aa8e035d-7be4-48d3-a944-102aec04400d status: test description: Download or Copy file with Extrac32 references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Extrac32/ author: frack113 date: 2021-11-26 modified: 2022-08-13 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_lolbas: - CommandLine|contains: extrac32.exe - Image|endswith: \extrac32.exe - OriginalFileName: extrac32.exe selection_archive: CommandLine|contains: .cab selection_options: CommandLine|contains: - /C - /Y - ' \\\\' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PsExec default pipe creation where the image executed is located in a suspicious location. Which could indicate. Logsource: windows / pipe_created. Rule: title: PsExec Tool Execution From Suspicious Locations - PipeName id: 41504465-5e3a-4a5b-a5b4-2a0baadd4463 related: - id: f3f3a972-f982-40ad-b63c-bca6afdfad7c type: derived status: test description: Detects PsExec default pipe creation where the image executed is located in a suspicious location. Which could indicate that the tool is being used in an attack references: - https://www.jpcert.or.jp/english/pub/sr/ir_research.html - https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-04 modified: 2023-09-20 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 - attack.s0029 logsource: category: pipe_created product: windows definition: Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575 detection: selection: PipeName: \PSEXESVC Image|contains: - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \Desktop\ - \Downloads\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare legitimate use of psexec from the locations mentioned above. This will require initial tuning based on your environment. level: medium
Query: explain CWE-436
Matching passage: CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict. Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
Near-miss passage: CWE-667 Improper Locking. The product does not properly acquire or release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.
Query: Suspicious Web Shell execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1505.003 Web Shell. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) In addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (e.g. [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013)
Near-miss passage: T1505.004 IIS Components. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and filters can be installed to examine and/or modify incoming and outgoing IIS web requests. Extensions and filters are deployed as DLL files that export three functions: <code>Get{Extension/Filter}Version</code>, <code>Http{Extension/Filter}Proc</code>, and (optionally) <code>Terminate{Extension/Filter}</code>. IIS modules may also be installed to extend IIS web servers.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: IIS Backdoor 2011)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013) Adversaries may install malicious ISAPI extensions and filters to observe and/or modify traffic, execute commands on compromised machines, or proxy command and control traffic. ISAPI extensions and filters may have access to all IIS web requests and responses. For example, an adversary may abuse these mechanisms to modify HTTP responses in order to distribute malicious commands/content to previously comprised hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension All Incoming 2017)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: MMPC ISAPI Filter 2012) Adversaries may also install malicious IIS modules to observe and/or modify traffic. IIS 7.0 introduced modules that provide the same unrestricted access to HTTP requests and responses as ISAPI extensions and filters. IIS modules can be written as a DLL that exports <code>RegisterModule</code>, or as a .NET application that interfaces with ASP.NET APIs to access IIS HTTP requests.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 20
Query: describe CVE-2015-6835
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6835. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The session deserializer in PHP before 5.4.45, 5.5.x before 5.5.29, and 5.6.x before 5.6.13 mishandles multiple php_var_unserialize calls, which allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via crafted session content.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8057. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5924
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5924. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The OpenGL implementation in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6147. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6149.
Query: common weakness: Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using 'Economy of Mechanism')
Matching passage: CWE-637 Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using 'Economy of Mechanism'). The product uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.
Near-miss passage: CWE-377 Insecure Temporary File. Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.
Query: SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with Break Process Trees
Matching passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1036.008 Masquerade File Type. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file’s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded and organized. For example, a file’s signature (also known as header or magic bytes) is the beginning bytes of a file and is often used to identify the file’s type. For example, the header of a JPEG file, is <code> 0xFF 0xD8</code> and the file extension is either `.JPE`, `.JPEG` or `.JPG`. Adversaries may edit the header’s hex code and/or the file extension of a malicious payload in order to bypass file validation checks and/or input sanitization. This behavior is commonly used when payload files are transferred (e.g., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and stored (e.g., [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001)) so that adversaries may move their malware without triggering detections. Common non-executable file types and extensions, such as text files (`.txt`) and image files (`.jpg`, `.gif`, etc.) may be typically treated as benign. Based on this, adversaries may use a file extension to disguise malware, such as naming a PHP backdoor code with a file name of <code>test.gif</code>. A user may not know that a file is malicious due to the benign appearance and file extension. Polyglot files, which are files that have multiple different file types and that function differently based on the application that will execute them, may also be used to disguise malicious malware and capabilities.(Citation: polygot_icedID)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3654
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3654. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Aruba Networks ClearPass Policy Manager before 6.4.7 and 6.5.x before 6.5.2 allows remote authenticated administrators to gain root privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4649.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3657. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Aruba Networks ClearPass Policy Manager before 6.4.7 and 6.5.x before 6.5.2 allows remote authenticated lower-level administrators to gain "Super Admin" privileges via unspecified vectors.