alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain T1614 System Location Discovery
Matching passage: T1614 System Location Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Adversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021) Adversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)
Near-miss passage: T1614.001 System Language Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check) There are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) For example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language</code> or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions <code>GetUserDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetSystemDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetKeyboardLayoutList</code> and <code>GetUserDefaultLangID</code>.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) On a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query <code>locale</code> to retrieve the value of the <code>$LANG</code> environment variable.
Query: telemetry for T1059.009
Matching passage: T1059.009 Cloud API. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to execute malicious commands. APIs available in cloud environments provide various functionalities and are a feature-rich method for programmatic access to nearly all aspects of a tenant. These APIs may be utilized through various methods such as command line interpreters (CLIs), in-browser Cloud Shells, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) modules like Azure for PowerShell(Citation: Microsoft - Azure PowerShell), or software developer kits (SDKs) available for languages such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006). Cloud API functionality may allow for administrative access across all major services in a tenant such as compute, storage, identity and access management (IAM), networking, and security policies. With proper permissions (often via use of credentials such as [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001) and [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to invoke various functions that execute malicious actions. For example, CLI and PowerShell functionality may be accessed through binaries installed on cloud-hosted or on-premises hosts or accessed through a browser-based cloud shell offered by many cloud platforms (such as AWS, Azure, and GCP). These cloud shells are often a packaged unified environment to use CLI and/or scripting modules hosted as a container in the cloud environment.
Near-miss passage: T1059.003 Windows Command Shell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. The command prompt can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: SSH in Windows) Batch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems. Adversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.
Query: exploit The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, w
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0613. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) via crafted SIP INVITE messages, aka Bug ID CSCul20444.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8240. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.5. The Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) in F5 BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and BIG-IP PEM before 11.4.1 HF10, 11.5.x before 11.5.4, and 11.6.x before 11.6.0 HF6 and BIG-IP PSM before 11.4.1 HF10 does not properly handle TCP options, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors, related to the tm.minpathmtu database variable.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of a renamed office binary
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed office binary. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Office Binary Execution id: 0b0cd537-fc77-4e6e-a973-e53495c1083d status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed office binary references: - https://infosec.exchange/@sbousseaden/109542254124022664 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-20 modified: 2025-12-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - OriginalFileName: - Excel.exe - MSACCESS.EXE - MSPUB.EXE - OneNote.exe - OneNoteM.exe - OUTLOOK.EXE - POWERPNT.EXE - WinWord.exe - Olk.exe - Description: - Microsoft Access - Microsoft Excel - Microsoft OneNote - Microsoft Outlook - Microsoft PowerPoint - Microsoft Publisher - Microsoft Word - Sent to OneNote Tool filter_main_legit_names: Image|endswith: - \EXCEL.exe - \excelcnv.exe - \MSACCESS.exe - \MSPUB.EXE - \ONENOTE.EXE - \ONENOTEM.EXE - \OUTLOOK.EXE - \POWERPNT.EXE - \WINWORD.exe - \OLK.EXE condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation or modification of files within the "sudoers.d" directory on Linux systems. Such activity may indic. Logsource: linux / file_event. Rule: title: Persistence Via Sudoers.d Files id: ddb26b76-4447-4807-871f-1b035b2bfa5d status: test description: 'Detects the creation or modification of files within the "sudoers.d" directory on Linux systems. Such activity may indicate an attempt to establish or maintain privilege escalation by granting specific users elevated permissions. Unauthorized changes to sudoers files are a common technique used by attackers to persist administrative access. ' references: - https://github.com/h3xduck/TripleCross/blob/1f1c3e0958af8ad9f6ebe10ab442e75de33e91de/apps/deployer.sh author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-05 modified: 2026-03-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1548.003 logsource: product: linux category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: /etc/sudoers.d/ filter_main_dpkg: Image|endswith: /usr/bin/dpkg TargetFilename: /etc/sudoers.d/README.dpkg-new condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Creation of legitimate files in sudoers.d folder as part of administrator work level: medium
Query: risk of The Zone-Based Firewall implementation in Cisco IOS 15.4(2)T3 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted network traffic that trig
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0592. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Zone-Based Firewall implementation in Cisco IOS 15.4(2)T3 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted network traffic that triggers incorrect kernel-timer handling, aka Bug ID CSCuh25672.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0711. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The hamgr service in the IPv6 Proxy Mobile (PM) implementation in Cisco StarOS 18.1.0.59776 on ASR 5000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (service reload and call-processing outage) via malformed PM packets, aka Bug ID CSCut94711.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects DNS queries for subdomains related to MEGA sharing website
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries for subdomains related to MEGA sharing website. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query To MEGA Hosting Website id: 613c03ba-0779-4a53-8a1f-47f914a4ded3 related: - id: 66474410-b883-415f-9f8d-75345a0a66a6 type: similar status: test description: Detects DNS queries for subdomains related to MEGA sharing website references: - https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/05/27/detecting-rclone-an-effective-tool-for-exfiltration/ author: Aaron Greetham (@beardofbinary) - NCC Group date: 2021-05-26 modified: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection: QueryName|contains: userstorage.mega.co.nz condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate DNS queries and usage of Mega level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects launch of executable by calling the LaunchApplication function from pcwutl.dll library.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Code Execution via Pcwutl.dll id: 9386d78a-7207-4048-9c9f-a93a7c2d1c05 status: test description: Detects launch of executable by calling the LaunchApplication function from pcwutl.dll library. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Libraries/Pcwutl/ - https://twitter.com/harr0ey/status/989617817849876488 author: Julia Fomina, oscd.community date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.011 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - pcwutl - LaunchApplication condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Use of Program Compatibility Troubleshooter Helper level: medium
Query: weakness Use of Obsolete Function
Matching passage: CWE-477 Use of Obsolete Function. The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.
Near-miss passage: CWE-525 Use of Web Browser Cache Containing Sensitive Information. The web application does not use an appropriate caching policy that specifies the extent to which each web page and associated form fields should be cached.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3845
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3845. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Parcel::appendFrom function in libs/binder/Parcel.cpp in Binder in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48M does not consider parcel boundaries during identification of binder objects in an append operation, which allows attackers to obtain a different application's privileges via a crafted application, aka internal bug 17312693.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8222. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The lxd-unix.socket systemd unit file in the Ubuntu lxd package before 0.20-0ubuntu4.1 uses world-readable permissions for /var/lib/lxd/unix.socket, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: git-fastclone before 1.0.1 permits arbitrary shell command execution from .gitmodules. If an attacker can instruct a user to run a recursive clone from a repository they control, t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8968. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. git-fastclone before 1.0.1 permits arbitrary shell command execution from .gitmodules. If an attacker can instruct a user to run a recursive clone from a repository they control, they can get a client to run an arbitrary shell command. Alternately, if an attacker can MITM an unencrypted git clone, they could exploit this. The ext command will be run if the repository is recursively cloned or if submodules are updated. This attack works when cloning both local and remote repositories.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8988. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Unquoted executable path vulnerability in Client Management and Gateway components in McAfee (now Intel Security) ePO Deep Command (eDC) 2.2 and 2.1 allows authenticated users to execute a command of their choice via dropping a malicious file for the path.
Query: CWE for Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision
Matching passage: CWE-784 Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision. The product uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1330 Remanent Data Readable after Memory Erase. Confidential information stored in memory circuits is readable or recoverable after being cleared or erased.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects SyncAppvPublishingServer process execution which usually utilized by adversaries to bypass PowerShell execution
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects SyncAppvPublishingServer process execution which usually utilized by adversaries to bypass PowerShell execution. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: SyncAppvPublishingServer Bypass Powershell Restriction - PS Module id: fe5ce7eb-dad8-467c-84a9-31ec23bd644a related: - id: fde7929d-8beb-4a4c-b922-be9974671667 type: derived - id: 9f7aa113-9da6-4a8d-907c-5f1a4b908299 type: derived status: test description: Detects SyncAppvPublishingServer process execution which usually utilized by adversaries to bypass PowerShell execution restrictions. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Syncappvpublishingserver/ author: Ensar Şamil, @sblmsrsn, OSCD Community date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2022-12-02 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection: ContextInfo|contains: SyncAppvPublishingServer.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - App-V clients level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect enable rdp feature to allow specific user to rdp connect on the targeted machine. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Allow RDP Remote Assistance Feature id: 37b437cf-3fc5-4c8e-9c94-1d7c9aff842b status: test description: Detect enable rdp feature to allow specific user to rdp connect on the targeted machine references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1112/T1112.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\fAllowToGetHelp Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the feature (alerts should be investigated either way) level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_allow_rdp_remote_assistance_feature/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Allow RDP Remote Assistance Feature technique: T1112 atomic_guid: 86677d0e-0b5e-4a2b-b302-454175f9aa9e
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager component in Oracle Commerce Platform 3.0.2, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 11.0, and 11.1 allows
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2607. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager component in Oracle Commerce Platform 3.0.2, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 11.0, and 11.1 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Content Acquisition System.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4921. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Database Vault component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors.
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in content/browser/service_worker/embedded_worker_instance.cc in the ServiceWorker implementation in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71 allows remote at
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6757. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in content/browser/service_worker/embedded_worker_instance.cc in the ServiceWorker implementation in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging object destruction in a callback.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3959. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The firmware in MNS before 4.5.6 on Belden GarrettCom Magnum 6K and Magnum 10K switches has a hardcoded serial-console password for a privileged account, which might allow physically proximate attackers to obtain access by establishing a console session to a nonstandard installation on which this account is enabled, and leveraging knowledge of this password.
Query: exploit In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9217. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, SD 845, SDM630, SDM636, SDM660, and Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, certain malformed HVEC clips could cause an assertion to fail.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0462. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.0, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, and 6.3.6 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Query: detect Delete Cloud Instance
Matching passage: T1578.003 Delete Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable. An adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Query: exploit WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of se
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3742. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3622. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The _asn1_extract_der_octet function in lib/decoding.c in GNU Libtasn1 before 4.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds heap read) via a crafted certificate.
Query: exploit Adobe Shockwave Player before 12.1.9.159 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerabil
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5120. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Shockwave Player before 12.1.9.159 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5121.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1930. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1924, CVE-2015-1925, CVE-2015-1929, CVE-2015-1948, CVE-2015-1953, CVE-2015-1954, CVE-2015-1962, CVE-2015-1963, CVE-2015-1964, and CVE-2015-1965.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6329
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6329. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning 10.6 and 11.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCut64074.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0540. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the xAdmin interface in EMC Document Sciences xPression 4.2 before P44 and 4.5 SP1 before P03 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.