alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5807
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5807. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1710. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1694.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7366
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7366. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that (1) perform certain plugin actions and possibly cause a denial of service (disabled core plugins) via unknown vectors or (2) change the contact name and language or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted POST request to an account-user-*.php script.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6655. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Pligg CMS 2.0.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add an administrator via a request to admin/admin_users.php.
Query: SOC alert related to Container API
Matching passage: T1552.007 Container API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) An adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components.
Near-miss passage: T1552.008 Chat Messages. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user communication. Users may share various forms of credentials (such as usernames and passwords, API keys, or authentication tokens) on private or public corporate internal communications channels. Rather than accessing the stored chat logs (i.e., [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001)), adversaries may directly access credentials within these services on the user endpoint, through servers hosting the services, or through administrator portals for cloud hosted services. Adversaries may also compromise integration tools like Slack Workflows to automatically search through messages to extract user credentials. These credentials may then be abused to perform follow-on activities such as lateral movement or privilege escalation (Citation: Slack Security Risks).
Query: describe CVE-2015-0903
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0903. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in Saitoh Kikaku Maruo Editor 8.51 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .hmbook file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9177. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, in a crypto API function, a buffer over-read can occur.
Query: adversary uses Ptrace System Calls
Matching passage: T1055.008 Ptrace System Calls. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Ptrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: <code>malloc</code>) then invoking that memory with <code>PTRACE_SETREGS</code> to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with <code>PTRACE_POKETEXT</code>/<code>PTRACE_POKEDATA</code>, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes’ memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) Ptrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes that are non-child processes and/or have higher-privileges.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Near-miss passage: T1055.014 VDSO Hijacking. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. VDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009)(Citation: Backtrace VDSO)(Citation: VDSO Aug 2005)(Citation: Syscall 2014) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Query: CWE for Call to Thread run() instead of start()
Matching passage: CWE-572 Call to Thread run() instead of start(). The product calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1248 Semiconductor Defects in Hardware Logic with Security-Sensitive Implications. The security-sensitive hardware module contains semiconductor defects.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects a network connection initiated by "wordpad.exe" over uncommon destination ports. This might indicate potential p
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a network connection initiated by "wordpad.exe" over uncommon destination ports. This might indicate potential p. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Suspicious Wordpad Outbound Connections id: 786cdae8-fefb-4eb2-9227-04e34060db01 status: test description: 'Detects a network connection initiated by "wordpad.exe" over uncommon destination ports. This might indicate potential process injection activity from a beacon or similar mechanisms. ' references: - https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2023/07/romcom-targets-ukraine-nato-membership-talks-at-nato-summit author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-12 modified: 2023-12-15 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.stealth logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' Image|endswith: \wordpad.exe filter_main_ports: DestinationPort: - 80 - 139 - 443 - 445 - 465 - 587 - 993 - 995 condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Other ports can be used, apply additional filters accordingly level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious local successful logon event where the Logon Package is Kerberos, the remote address is set to loca. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Potential Privilege Escalation via Local Kerberos Relay over LDAP id: 749c9f5e-b353-4b90-a9c1-05243357ca4b status: test description: 'Detects a suspicious local successful logon event where the Logon Package is Kerberos, the remote address is set to localhost, and the target user SID is the built-in local Administrator account. This may indicate an attempt to leverage a Kerberos relay attack variant that can be used to elevate privilege locally from a domain joined limited user to local System privileges. ' references: - https://twitter.com/sbousseaden/status/1518976397364056071?s=12&t=qKO5eKHvWhAP19a50FTZ7g - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/blob/5fe7833312031a4787e07893e27e4ea7a7665745/rules/_deprecated/privilege_escalation_krbrelayup_suspicious_logon.toml#L38 author: Elastic, @SBousseaden date: 2022-04-27 modified: 2024-08-13 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.credential-access - attack.t1548 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 LogonType: 3 AuthenticationPackageName: Kerberos IpAddress: 127.0.0.1 TargetUserSid|startswith: S-1-5-21- TargetUserSid|endswith: '-500' filter_main_ip_null: IpPort: '0' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of a renamed "gpg.exe". Often used by ransomware and loaders to decrypt/encrypt data.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed "gpg.exe". Often used by ransomware and loaders to decrypt/encrypt data.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Gpg.EXE Execution id: ec0722a3-eb5c-4a56-8ab2-bf6f20708592 status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed "gpg.exe". Often used by ransomware and loaders to decrypt/encrypt data. references: - https://securelist.com/locked-out/68960/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2023-08-09 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1486 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: gpg.exe filter_main_img: Image|endswith: - \gpg.exe - \gpg2.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Execution of plink to perform data exfiltration and tunneling. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential RDP Tunneling Via Plink id: f38ce0b9-5e97-4b47-a211-7dc8d8b871da related: - id: f7d7ebd5-a016-46e2-9c54-f9932f2d386d type: similar status: test description: Execution of plink to perform data exfiltration and tunneling references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/26/malicious-iis-extensions-quietly-open-persistent-backdoors-into-servers/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-04 modified: 2023-01-27 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1572 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_a: Image|endswith: \plink.exe CommandLine|contains: :127.0.0.1:3389 selection_b1: Image|endswith: \plink.exe CommandLine|contains: :3389 selection_b2: CommandLine|contains: - ' -P 443' - ' -P 22' condition: selection_a or all of selection_b* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of The convenience initializer in the Multipeer Connectivity component in Apple iOS before 9 does not require an encrypted session, which allows local users to obtain cleartext multip
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5851. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The convenience initializer in the Multipeer Connectivity component in Apple iOS before 9 does not require an encrypted session, which allows local users to obtain cleartext multipeer data via an encrypted-to-unencrypted downgrade attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4543. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. EMC RSA Archer GRC 5.x before 5.5.3 uses cleartext for stored passwords in unspecified circumstances, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading database fields.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8982
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8982. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. Integer overflow in the strxfrm function in the GNU C Library (aka glibc or libc6) before 2.21 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a long string, which triggers a stack-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7599. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. Integer overflow in the _authenticate function in svc_auth.c in Wind River VxWorks 5.5 through 6.9.4.1, when the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a username and password.
Query: telemetry for T1071.003
Matching passage: T1071.003 Mail Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Near-miss passage: T1071.002 File Transfer Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMB(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A), FTP(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019), FTPS, and TFTP that transfer files may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the transferred files. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Query: rule covering Detects a python process calling to the PTY module in order to spawn a pretty tty which could be indicative of potential
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a python process calling to the PTY module in order to spawn a pretty tty which could be indicative of potential. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Python Spawning Pretty TTY Via PTY Module id: c4042d54-110d-45dd-a0e1-05c47822c937 related: - id: 32e62bc7-3de0-4bb1-90af-532978fe42c0 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects a python process calling to the PTY module in order to spawn a pretty tty which could be indicative of potential reverse shell activity. ' references: - https://www.volexity.com/blog/2022/06/02/zero-day-exploitation-of-atlassian-confluence/ author: Nextron Systems date: 2022-06-03 modified: 2024-11-04 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - /python - /python2 - /python3 - Image|contains: - /python2. - /python3. selection_cli_import: CommandLine|contains: - import pty - 'from pty ' selection_cli_spawn: CommandLine|contains: spawn condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges.. Logsource: macos / file_event. Rule: title: MacOS Emond Launch Daemon id: 23c43900-e732-45a4-8354-63e4a6c187ce status: test description: Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1546.014/T1546.014.md - https://posts.specterops.io/leveraging-emond-on-macos-for-persistence-a040a2785124 author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community date: 2020-10-23 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1546.014 logsource: category: file_event product: macos detection: selection_1: TargetFilename|contains: /etc/emond.d/rules/ TargetFilename|endswith: .plist selection_2: TargetFilename|contains: /private/var/db/emondClients/ condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: how to detect Multi-Factor Authentication
Matching passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1556.008 Network Provider DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provider API) During the logon process, Winlogon (the interactive logon module) sends credentials to the local `mpnotify.exe` process via RPC. The `mpnotify.exe` process then shares the credentials in cleartext with registered credential managers when notifying that a logon event is happening.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)(Citation: NPPSPY Video)(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries can configure a malicious network provider DLL to receive credentials from `mpnotify.exe`.(Citation: NPPSPY) Once installed as a credential manager (via the Registry), a malicious DLL can receive and save credentials each time a user logs onto a Windows workstation or domain via the `NPLogonNotify()` function.(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries may target planting malicious network provider DLLs on systems known to have increased logon activity and/or administrator logon activity, such as servers and domain controllers.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6132
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6132. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 mishandle library loading, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Library Loading Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8214. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.699999809265137. A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC NET CP 342-5 (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V3.0.44), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Lean (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V3.1.1), SIMATIC NET CP 343-1 Standard (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V3.1.1), SIMATIC NET CP 443-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V3.2.9), SIMATIC NET CP 443-1 Standard (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V3.2.9), SIMATIC NET CP 443-5 Basic (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC NET CP 443-5 Extended (All versions), TIM 3V-IE / TIM 3V-IE Advanced (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V2.6.0), TIM 3V-IE DNP3 (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V3.1.0), TIM 4R-IE (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V2.6.0), TIM 4R-IE DNP3 (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V3.1.0). The implemented access protection level enforcement of the affected communication processors (CP) could possibly allow unauthenticated users to perform administrative operations on the CPs if network access (port 102/TCP) is available and the CPs' configuration was stored on their corresponding CPUs.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6075
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6075. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6068, CVE-2015-6072, CVE-2015-6073, CVE-2015-6077, CVE-2015-6079, CVE-2015-6080, and CVE-2015-6082.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1215. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The filters implementation in Skia, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors that trigger an out-of-bounds write operation.