alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Cloud Service Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496.004 Cloud Service Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage compromised software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact hosted service availability. For example, adversaries may leverage email and messaging services, such as AWS Simple Email Service (SES), AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS), SendGrid, and Twilio, in order to send large quantities of spam / [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails and SMS messages.(Citation: Invictus IR DangerDev 2024)(Citation: Permiso SES Abuse 2023)(Citation: SentinelLabs SNS Sender 2024) Alternatively, they may engage in LLMJacking by leveraging reverse proxies to hijack the power of cloud-hosted AI models.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024)(Citation: Lacework LLMJacking 2024) In some cases, adversaries may leverage services that the victim is already using. In others, particularly when the service is part of a larger cloud platform, they may first enable the service.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024) Leveraging SaaS applications may cause the victim to incur significant financial costs, use up service quotas, and otherwise impact availability.
Near-miss passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Query: incident response steps for EDR alert: possible Brute Force (T1110)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1110 Brute Force. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1110. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018) Brute forcing passwords
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1110.001 Password Guessing. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Technology Stack component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0447. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Technology Stack component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to Configurator DMZ rules.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2621. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JMX.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Network Devices
Matching passage: T1584.008 Network Devices. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party network devices that can be used during targeting. Network devices, such as small office/home office (SOHO) routers, may be compromised where the adversary's ultimate goal is not [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) to that environment, but rather to leverage these devices to support additional targeting. Once an adversary has control, compromised network devices can be used to launch additional operations, such as hosting payloads for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns (i.e., [Link Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005)) or enabling the required access to execute [Content Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1659) operations. Adversaries may also be able to harvest reusable credentials (i.e., [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)) from compromised network devices. Adversaries often target Internet-facing edge devices and related network appliances that specifically do not support robust host-based defenses.(Citation: Mandiant Fortinet Zero Day)(Citation: Wired Russia Cyberwar) Compromised network devices may be used to support subsequent [Command and Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011) activity, such as [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665) through an established [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Botnet](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005) network.(Citation: Justice GRU 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1584.001 Domains. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may hijack domains and/or subdomains that can be used during targeting. Domain registration hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant.(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking) Adversaries may gain access to an email account for the person listed as the owner of the domain. The adversary can then claim that they forgot their password in order to make changes to the domain registration. Other possibilities include social engineering a domain registration help desk to gain access to an account, taking advantage of renewal process gaps, or compromising a cloud service that enables managing domains (e.g., AWS Route53).(Citation: Krebs DNS Hijack 2019) Subdomain hijacking can occur when organizations have DNS entries that point to non-existent or deprovisioned resources. In such cases, an adversary may take control of a subdomain to conduct operations with the benefit of the trust associated with that domain.(Citation: Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020) Adversaries who compromise a domain may also engage in domain shadowing by creating malicious subdomains under their control while keeping any existing DNS records. As service will not be disrupted, the malicious subdomains may go unnoticed for long periods of time.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Domain Shadowing 2022)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7932
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7932. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 8.600000381469727. Adcon Telemetry A840 Telemetry Gateway Base Station allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0991. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Inductive Automation Ignition 7.7.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading an error message about an unhandled exception, as demonstrated by pathname information.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2465
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2465. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The Windows shell in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 does not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Shell Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7717. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. mediaserver in Android 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY48T and 6.0 before 2015-10-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka internal bug 19573085, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6596.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4793
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4793. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Communications Convergence component in Oracle Communications Applications 2.0 and 3.0.1 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Mail Proxy.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4770. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to UNIX filesystem.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8368
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8368. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.0. ntopng (aka ntop) before 2.2 allows remote authenticated users to change the login context and gain privileges via the user cookie and username parameter to admin/password_reset.lua.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5246. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The LDAP Authentication functionality in Foreman might allow remote attackers with knowledge of old passwords to gain access via vectors involving the password lifetime period in Active Directory.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2842
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2842. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in sounds/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5556. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Query: CWE for Runtime Resource Management Control Element in a Component Built to Run on Application Servers
Matching passage: CWE-1065 Runtime Resource Management Control Element in a Component Built to Run on Application Servers. The product uses deployed components from application servers, but it also uses low-level functions/methods for management of resources, instead of the API provided by the application server.
Near-miss passage: CWE-250 Execution with Unnecessary Privileges. The product performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Implant Internal Image
Matching passage: T1525 Implant Internal Image. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or backdoored. Unlike [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), this technique focuses on adversaries implanting an image in a registry within a victim’s environment. Depending on how the infrastructure is provisioned, this could provide persistent access if the infrastructure provisioning tool is instructed to always use the latest image.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019) A tool has been developed to facilitate planting backdoors in cloud container images.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019) If an adversary has access to a compromised AWS instance, and permissions to list the available container images, they may implant a backdoor such as a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003).(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1546.006 LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes. Adversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time.(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0254
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0254. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Apache Standard Taglibs before 1.2.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or conduct external XML entity (XXE) attacks via a crafted XSLT extension in a (1) <x:parse> or (2) <x:transform> JSTL XML tag.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5420. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in HP KeyView before 10.23.0.1 and 10.24.x before 10.24.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-2880.
Query: exploit A vulnerability has been found in Beeliked Microsite Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function embed_handler of 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10121. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability has been found in Beeliked Microsite Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function embed_handler of the file beelikedmicrosite.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is d23bafb5d05fb2636a2b78331f9d3fca152903dc. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-233365 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6959. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Vindula 1.9.
Query: incident response steps for Lateral movement indicators for DHCP Spoofing
Matching passage: Playbook for T1557.003 DHCP Spoofing. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1557.003. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access, collection. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network. By achieving the adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) position, adversaries may collect network communications, including passed credentials, especially those sent over insecure, unencrypted protocols. This may als
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1557.002 ARP Cache Poisoning. Different response path focused on credential access, collection.
Query: alert when Detects blocking of process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects blocking of process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: PSExec and WMI Process Creations Block id: 97b9ce1e-c5ab-11ea-87d0-0242ac130003 status: test description: Detects blocking of process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction-rules-reference?view=o365-worldwide#block-process-creations-originating-from-psexec-and-wmi-commands - https://twitter.com/duff22b/status/1280166329660497920 author: Bhabesh Raj date: 2020-07-14 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.execution - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1047 - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: windefend definition: 'Requirements:Enabled Block process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands from Attack Surface Reduction (GUID: d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c)' detection: selection: EventID: 1121 ProcessName|endswith: - \wmiprvse.exe - \psexesvc.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Ntvdm.exe allows the execution of 16-bit Windows applications on 32-bit Windows operating systems, as well as the execut. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Start of NT Virtual DOS Machine id: 16905e21-66ee-42fe-b256-1318ada2d770 status: test description: Ntvdm.exe allows the execution of 16-bit Windows applications on 32-bit Windows operating systems, as well as the execution of both 16-bit and 32-bit DOS applications references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/compatibility/ntvdm-and-16-bit-app-support - https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/topic/an-ms-dos-based-program-that-uses-the-ms-dos-protected-mode-interface-crashes-on-a-computer-that-is-running-windows-7-5dc739ea-987b-b458-15e4-d28d5cca63c7 - https://app.any.run/tasks/93fe92fa-8b2b-4d92-8c09-a841aed2e793/ - https://app.any.run/tasks/214094a7-0abc-4a7b-a564-1b757faed79d/ author: frack113 date: 2022-07-16 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \ntvdm.exe - \csrstub.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Query: exploit SuiteCRM before 7.2.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5947. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. SuiteCRM before 7.2.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8767. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3 does not properly manage the relationship between a lock and a socket, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (deadlock) via a crafted sctp_accept call.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the Add-In deployment cache updating utility (AddInutil.exe) with uncommon Addinroot or Pipelineroo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon AddinUtil.EXE CommandLine Execution id: 4f2cd9b6-4a17-440f-bb2a-687abb65993a status: test description: 'Detects execution of the Add-In deployment cache updating utility (AddInutil.exe) with uncommon Addinroot or Pipelineroot paths. An adversary may execute AddinUtil.exe with uncommon Addinroot/Pipelineroot paths that point to the adversaries Addins.Store payload. ' references: - https://www.blue-prints.blog/content/blog/posts/lolbin/addinutil-lolbas.html author: Michael McKinley (@McKinleyMike), Tony Latteri (@TheLatteri) date: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \addinutil.exe - OriginalFileName: AddInUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - '-AddInRoot:' - '-PipelineRoot:' filter_main_addinroot: CommandLine|contains: - -AddInRoot:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -AddInRoot:C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -PipelineRoot:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -PipelineRoot:C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious mshta process execution patterns. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Mshta.EXE Execution Patterns id: e32f92d1-523e-49c3-9374-bdb13b46a3ba status: test description: Detects suspicious mshta process execution patterns references: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application - https://www.echotrail.io/insights/search/mshta.exe - https://app.any.run/tasks/34221348-072d-4b70-93f3-aa71f6ebecad/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-17 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1106 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \mshta.exe - OriginalFileName: MSHTA.EXE selection_susp: ParentImage|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Local\ - C:\ProgramData\ - C:\Users\Public\ - C:\Windows\Temp\ filter_img: - Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - CommandLine|contains: - .htm - .hta - CommandLine|endswith: - mshta.exe - mshta condition: all of selection_* or (selection_img and not filter_img) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: intelligence brief on T1043
Matching passage: T1043 Commonly Used Port. Tactics: command and control. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.** Adversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as * TCP:80 (HTTP) * TCP:443 (HTTPS) * TCP:25 (SMTP) * TCP/UDP:53 (DNS) They may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are * TCP/UDP:135 (RPC) * TCP/UDP:22 (SSH) * TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)
Near-miss passage: T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019) DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)