alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1988
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1988. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Tivoli Storage Manger for Virtual Environments: Data Protection for VMware 6.3 before 6.3.2.5, 6.4 before 6.4.3.1, and 7.1 before 7.1.3 and Tivoli Storage FlashCopy Manager for VMware 3.1 before 3.1.1.3, 3.2 before 3.2.0.6, and 4.1 before 4.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0298. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the manager web interface in mod_cluster before 1.3.2.Alpha1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted MCMP message.
Query: common weakness: Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function
Matching passage: CWE-479 Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function. The product defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.
Near-miss passage: CWE-346 Origin Validation Error. The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
Query: vulnerability: The kernel in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Memory Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6175. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The kernel in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Memory Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4756. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.22 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : InnoDB, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0439.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2819
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2819. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere 11 and 16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted request, aka SAP Security Note 2108161.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7551. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.399999618530273. The Fiddle::Handle implementation in ext/fiddle/handle.c in Ruby before 2.0.0-p648, 2.1 before 2.1.8, and 2.2 before 2.2.4, as distributed in Apple OS X before 10.11.4 and other products, mishandles tainting, which allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted string, related to the DL module and the libffi library. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of a CVE-2009-5147 regression.
Query: write Sigma for Monitor and alert for Bitlocker key retrieval.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Monitor and alert for Bitlocker key retrieval.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Bitlocker Key Retrieval id: a0413867-daf3-43dd-9245-734b3a787942 status: test description: Monitor and alert for Bitlocker key retrieval. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-devices#bitlocker-key-retrieval author: Michael Epping, '@mepples21' date: 2022-06-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: Category: KeyManagement OperationName: Read BitLocker key condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects actions caused by the RedMimicry Winnti playbook a automated breach emulations utility. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - RedMimicry Winnti Playbook Execution id: 95022b85-ff2a-49fa-939a-d7b8f56eeb9b status: test description: Detects actions caused by the RedMimicry Winnti playbook a automated breach emulations utility references: - https://redmimicry.com/posts/redmimicry-winnti/ author: Alexander Rausch date: 2020-06-24 modified: 2023-03-01 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1106 - attack.t1059.003 - attack.t1218.011 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \rundll32.exe - \cmd.exe CommandLine|contains: - gthread-3.6.dll - \Windows\Temp\tmp.bat - sigcmm-2.4.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2470
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2470. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Integer underflow in Microsoft Office 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Office 2013 SP1, Office 2013 RT SP1, Office for Mac 2011, and Word Viewer allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted document, aka "Microsoft Office Integer Underflow Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4472. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Off-by-one error in the READ_ENCINT macro in chmd.c in libmspack before 0.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted CHM file.
Query: hunt for Code Signing activity
Matching passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Near-miss passage: T1553.004 Install Root Certificate. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate.(Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Installation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.(Citation: Operation Emmental) Atypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Superfish) Root certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) In macOS, the Ay M
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this uti
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this uti. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Xwizard.EXE Execution From Non-Default Location id: 193d5ccd-6f59-40c6-b5b0-8e32d5ddd3d1 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this utility can be abused in order to side load a custom version of "xwizards.dll". ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Xwizard/ - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2017/07/31/the-wizard-of-x-oppa-plugx-style/ author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-09-20 modified: 2024-08-15 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \xwizard.exe - OriginalFileName: xwizard.exe filter_main_legit_location: Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Windows installed on non-C drive level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects file creation events indicating NetExec (nxc.exe) execution on the local machine. NetExec is a PyInstaller-bundl. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: HackTool - NetExec File Indicators id: efc21479-9e83-41da-8cf1-122e06ba8db3 status: experimental description: 'Detects file creation events indicating NetExec (nxc.exe) execution on the local machine. NetExec is a PyInstaller-bundled binary that extracts its embedded data files to a "_MEI<random>" directory under the Temp folder upon execution. Files dropped under the "\nxc\" sub-directory of that extraction path are unique to NetExec and serve as reliable on-disk indicators of execution. NetExec (formerly CrackMapExec) is a widely used post-exploitation and lateral movement tool used for Active Directory enumeration, credential harvesting, and remote code execution. ' references: - https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec - https://www.netexec.wiki/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-04-08 tags: - attack.execution - attack.lateral-movement - attack.discovery - attack.t1021.002 - attack.t1059.005 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: - Image|contains: \nxc-windows-latest\ - TargetFilename|contains|all: - \Temp\_MEI - \nxc\data\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_hktl_netexec_file_indicators/info.yml
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Oxwall before 1.8 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) put the 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5534. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Oxwall before 1.8 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) put the website under maintenance via the maintenance_enable parameter or (2) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the maintenance_text parameter to admin/pages/maintenance.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4586. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Alcatel-Lucent CellPipe 7130 RG 5Ae.M2013 HOL with firmware 1.0.0.20h.HOL allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create a user account via an add_user action in a request to password.cmd.
Query: detect Portable Executable Injection
Matching passage: T1055.002 Portable Executable Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. PE injection is commonly performed by copying code (perhaps without a file on disk) into the virtual address space of the target process before invoking it via a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code> and <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, then invoked with <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> or additional code (ex: shellcode). The displacement of the injected code does introduce the additional requirement for functionality to remap memory references. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via PE injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Near-miss passage: T1055.008 Ptrace System Calls. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Ptrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: <code>malloc</code>) then invoking that memory with <code>PTRACE_SETREGS</code> to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with <code>PTRACE_POKETEXT</code>/<code>PTRACE_POKEDATA</code>, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes’ memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) Ptrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes that are non-child processes and/or have higher-privileges.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Query: risk of Network Vision IntraVue before 2.3.0a14 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0977. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 10.0. Network Vision IntraVue before 2.3.0a14 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6008. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 7.5. install.php in Web Reference Database (aka refbase) through 0.9.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the adminPassword parameter, a different issue than CVE-2015-7381.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5897
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5897. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The Address Book framework in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to gain privileges by using an environment variable to inject code into processes that rely on this framework.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1703. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1704.
Query: common weakness: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Matching passage: CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature. The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1263 Improper Physical Access Control. The product is designed with access restricted to certain information, but it does not sufficiently protect against an unauthorized actor with physical access to these areas.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4032
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4032. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 10.0. projectContents.jsp in the Developer tools in Visual Mining NetCharts Server allows remote attackers to rename arbitrary files, and consequently execute them, via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3028. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.5. McAfee Advanced Threat Defense (MATD) before 3.4.4.63 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended restrictions and change or update configuration settings via crafted parameters.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2560
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2560. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Manage Engine Desktop Central 9 before build 90135 allows remote attackers to change passwords of users with the Administrator role via an addOrModifyUser operation to servlets/DCOperationsServlet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8485. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cybozu Office 9.9.0 through 10.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary posting titles via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8484, CVE-2015-8486, and CVE-2016-1152.
Query: what is T1204.002
Matching passage: T1204.002 Malicious File. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001). Adversaries may use several types of files that require a user to execute them, including .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf, .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, .cpl, .reg, and .iso.(Citation: Mandiant Trojanized Windows 10) Adversaries may employ various forms of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) and [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to increase the likelihood that a user will open and successfully execute a malicious file. These methods may include using a familiar naming convention and/or password protecting the file and supplying instructions to a user on how to open it.(Citation: Password Protected Word Docs) While [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).
Near-miss passage: T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is "ClickFix," in which adversaries present users with seemingly helpful solutions—such as prompts to fix errors or complete CAPTCHAs—that instead instruct the user to copy and paste malicious code. Malicious websites, such as those used in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), may present fake error messages or CAPTCHA prompts that instruct users to open a terminal or the Windows Run Dialog box and execute an arbitrary command. These commands may be obfuscated using encoding or other techniques to conceal malicious intent. Once executed, the adversary will typically be able to establish a foothold on the victim's machine.(Citation: CloudSEK Lumma Stealer 2024)(Citation: Sekoia ClickFake 2025)(Citation: Reliaquest CAPTCHA 2024)(Citation: AhnLab LummaC2 2025) Adversaries may also leverage phishing emails for this purpose. When a user attempts to open an attachment, they may be presented with a fake error and offered a malicious command to paste as a solution, consistent with the "ClickFix" strategy.(Citation: Proofpoint ClickFix 2024)(Citation: AhnLab Malicioys Copy Paste 2024) Tricking a user into executing a command themselves may help to bypass email filtering, browser sandboxing, or other mitigations designed to protect users against malicious downloaded files.
Query: SIEM correlation: credential access activity consistent with LSA Secrets
Matching passage: T1003.004 LSA Secrets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets) [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)
Near-miss passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5806
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5806. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4144. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. The EAP-pwd server and peer implementation in hostapd and wpa_supplicant 1.0 through 2.4 does not validate that a message is long enough to contain the Total-Length field, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted message.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7835
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7835. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The mod_l2_entry function in arch/x86/mm.c in Xen 3.4 through 4.6.x does not properly validate level 2 page table entries, which allows local PV guest administrators to gain privileges via a crafted superpage mapping.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5765. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The user interface in Safari in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to spoof URLs via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5764 and CVE-2015-5767.