alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1547.009
Matching passage: T1547.009 Shortcut Modification. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries may abuse shortcuts in the startup folder to execute their tools and achieve persistence.(Citation: Shortcut for Persistence ) Although often used as payloads in an infection chain (e.g. [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)), adversaries may also create a new shortcut as a means of indirection, while also abusing [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the malicious shortcut appear as a legitimate program. Adversaries can also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their malware will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program. Shortcuts can also be abused to establish persistence by implementing other methods. For example, LNK browser extensions may be modified (e.g. [Browser Extensions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176/001)) to persistently launch malware.
Near-miss passage: T1547.008 LSASS Driver. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) associated with various other security functions, all of which run in the context of the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) lsass.exe process.(Citation: Microsoft Security Subsystem) Adversaries may target LSASS drivers to obtain persistence. By either replacing or adding illegitimate drivers (e.g., [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574)), an adversary can use LSA operations to continuously execute malicious payloads.
Query: CWE for Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource
Matching passage: CWE-765 Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource. The product unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
Near-miss passage: CWE-420 Unprotected Alternate Channel. The product protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the f
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the f. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Obfuscated IEX Invocation - PowerShell id: 1b9dc62e-6e9e-42a3-8990-94d7a10007f7 status: test description: Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the following code block \u2014 references: - https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation/blob/f20e7f843edd0a3a7716736e9eddfa423395dd26/Out-ObfuscatedStringCommand.ps1#L873-L888 author: Daniel Bohannon (@Mandiant/@FireEye), oscd.community date: 2019-11-08 modified: 2022-12-31 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_iex: - ScriptBlockText|re: \$PSHome\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$PSHome\[ - ScriptBlockText|re: \$ShellId\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$ShellId\[ - ScriptBlockText|re: \$env:Public\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$env:Public\[ - ScriptBlockText|re: \$env:ComSpec\[(\s*\d{1,3}\s*,){2} - ScriptBlockText|re: \*mdr\*\W\s*\)\.Name - ScriptBlockText|re: \$VerbosePreference\.ToString\( condition: selection_iex falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "sc.exe" utility adding a new service with special permission seen used by threat actors which make. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Service DACL Abuse To Hide Services Via Sc.EXE id: a537cfc3-4297-4789-92b5-345bfd845ad0 related: - id: 99cf1e02-00fb-4c0d-8375-563f978dfd37 type: similar - id: 98c5aeef-32d5-492f-b174-64a691896d25 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of the "sc.exe" utility adding a new service with special permission seen used by threat actors which makes the service hidden and unremovable. references: - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/10/threat-hunting-in-large-datasets-by.html - https://www.sans.org/blog/red-team-tactics-hiding-windows-services/ - https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1580925761996828672 - https://itconnect.uw.edu/tools-services-support/it-systems-infrastructure/msinf/other-help/understanding-sddl-syntax/ author: Andreas Hunkeler (@Karneades) date: 2021-12-20 modified: 2022-08-08 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.011 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \sc.exe - OriginalFileName: sc.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - sdset - DCLCWPDTSD condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: actor TTPs: Disable or Modify Cloud Log
Matching passage: T1685.002 Disable or Modify Cloud Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may disable or modify cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. Cloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an adversary has sufficient permissions, they can disable or modify logging to avoid detection of their activities. For example, in AWS an adversary may disable CloudWatch/CloudTrail integrations prior to conducting further malicious activity. They may alternatively tamper with logging functionality, for example, by removing any associated SNS topics, disabling multi-region logging, or disabling settings that validate and/or encrypt log files.(Citation: AWS Cloud Trail)(Citation: Pacu Detection Disruption Module) In Office 365, an adversary may disable logging on mail collection activities for specific users by using the Set-MailboxAuditBypassAssociation cmdlet, by disabling M365 Advanced Auditing for the user, or by downgrading the user’s license from an Enterprise E5 to an Enterprise E3 license.(Citation: Dark Reading)
Near-miss passage: T1685.004 Disable or Modify Linux Audit System Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux Audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system activity such as process, network, file, and login events based on pre-configured rules. Often referred to as `auditd`, this is the name of the daemon used to write events to disk and is governed by the parameters set in the `audit.conf` configuration file. Two primary ways to configure the log generation rules are through the command line `auditctl` utility and the file `/etc/audit/audit.rules`, containing a sequence of `auditctl` commands loaded at boot time.(Citation: IzyKnows auditd threat detection 2022)(Citation: Red Hat Linux Disable or Mod) With root privileges, adversaries may be able to ensure their activity is not logged through disabling the Audit system service, editing the configuration/rule files, or by hooking the Audit system library functions. Using the command line, adversaries can disable the Audit system service through killing processes associated with `auditd` daemon or use `systemctl` to stop the Audit service. Adversaries can also hook Audit system functions to disable logging or modify the rules contained in the `/etc/audit/audit.rules` or `audit.conf` files to ignore malicious activity.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)
Query: write Sigma for Detects user data export activity.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects user data export activity.. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket User Details Export Attempt Detected id: 5259cbf2-0a75-48bf-b57a-c54d6fabaef3 status: test description: Detects user data export activity. references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/audit-log-events-776640423.html - https://support.atlassian.com/security-and-access-policies/docs/export-user-accounts author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.collection - attack.reconnaissance - attack.discovery - attack.t1213 - attack.t1082 - attack.t1591.004 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Advance" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Users and groups auditType.action: - User permissions export failed - User permissions export started - User permissions exported condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate user activity. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed binary often used by attackers or malware leveraging new Sysmon OriginalFileName data. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Defense Evasion Via Binary Rename id: 36480ae1-a1cb-4eaa-a0d6-29801d7e9142 related: - id: 0ba1da6d-b6ce-4366-828c-18826c9de23e type: similar status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed binary often used by attackers or malware leveraging new Sysmon OriginalFileName datapoint. references: - https://mgreen27.github.io/posts/2019/05/12/BinaryRename.html - https://mgreen27.github.io/posts/2019/05/29/BinaryRename2.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/0f229c0e42bfe7ca736a14023836d65baa941ed2/atomics/T1036.003/T1036.003.md#atomic-test-1---masquerading-as-windows-lsass-process - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/inno-setup-malware-redline-stealer-campaign.html author: Matthew Green @mgreen27, Ecco, James Pemberton @4A616D6573, oscd.community, Andreas Hunkeler (@Karneades) date: 2019-06-15 modified: 2026-06-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: - Cmd.Exe - CONHOST.EXE - 7z.exe - 7za.exe - 7zr.exe - WinRAR.exe - wevtutil.exe - net.exe - net1.exe - netsh.exe - InstallUtil.exe filter: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \conhost.exe - \7z.exe - \7za.exe - \7zr.exe - \WinRAR.exe - \wevtutil.exe - \net.exe - \net1.exe - \netsh.exe - \InstallUtil.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Custom applications use renamed binaries adding slight change to binary name. Typically this is easy to spot and add to whitelist level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_renamed_binary/info.yml
Query: incident response steps for SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with ROMMONkit
Matching passage: Playbook for T1542.004 ROMMONkit. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1542.004. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, persistence. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardwar
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1542.002 Component Firmware. Different response path focused on stealth, persistence.
Query: adversary uses Re-opened Applications
Matching passage: T1547.007 Re-opened Applications. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to "Reopen windows when logging back in".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When selected, all applications currently open are added to a property list file named <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> within the <code>~/Library/Preferences/ByHost</code> directory.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter) Applications listed in this file are automatically reopened upon the user’s next logon. Adversaries can establish [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) by adding a malicious application path to the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> file to execute payloads when a user logs in.
Near-miss passage: T1547.003 Time Providers. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains.(Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) Time providers are implemented as dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are registered in the subkeys of `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\TimeProviders\`.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) The time provider manager, directed by the service control manager, loads and starts time providers listed and enabled under this key at system startup and/or whenever parameters are changed.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) Adversaries may abuse this architecture to establish persistence, specifically by creating a new arbitrarily named subkey pointing to a malicious DLL in the `DllName` value. Administrator privileges are required for time provider registration, though execution will run in context of the Local Service account.(Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9344
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9344. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The link-log plugin before 2.1 for WordPress has SQL injection.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1467. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Translations in Fork CMS before 3.8.6 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) language[] or (2) type[] parameter to private/en/locale/index.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-10099
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10099. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in CP Appointment Calendar Plugin up to 1.1.5 on WordPress. This affects the function dex_process_ready_to_go_appointment of the file dex_appointments.php. The manipulation of the argument itemnumber leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The patch is named e29a9cdbcb0f37d887dd302a05b9e8bf213da01d. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-225351.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10086. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in OpenCycleCompass server-php. Affected is an unknown function of the file api1/login.php. The manipulation of the argument user leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The name of the patch is fa0d9bcf81c711a88172ad0d37a842f029ac3782. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221808.
Query: exploit Open redirect vulnerability in Apache Ambari before 2.1.2 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the targetURI p
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5210. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in Apache Ambari before 2.1.2 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the targetURI parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0545. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. EMC Unisphere for VMAX 8.x before 8.0.3.4 sets up the Java Debugging Wire Protocol (JDWP) service, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7766
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7766. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.0. PGSQL:SubmitQuery.do in ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 11.6, 11.5, and earlier allows remote administrators to bypass SQL query restrictions via a comment in the query to api/json/admin/SubmitQuery, as demonstrated by "INSERT/**/INTO."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5493. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. The Entityform Block module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal does not properly check permissions when a form is locked to a role, which allows remote attackers to obtain access to certain entityforms via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: The AhcVerifyAdminContext function in ahcache.sys in the Application Compatibility component in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0002. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The AhcVerifyAdminContext function in ahcache.sys in the Application Compatibility component in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not verify that an impersonation token is associated with an administrative account, which allows local users to gain privileges by running AppCompatCache.exe with a crafted DLL file, aka MSRC ID 20544 or "Microsoft Application Compatibility Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8325. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The do_setup_env function in session.c in sshd in OpenSSH through 7.2p2, when the UseLogin feature is enabled and PAM is configured to read .pam_environment files in user home directories, allows local users to gain privileges by triggering a crafted environment for the /bin/login program, as demonstrated by an LD_PRELOAD environment variable.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Content Injection
Matching passage: T1659 Content Injection. Tactics: initial access, command and control. Description: Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic. Rather than luring victims to malicious payloads hosted on a compromised website (i.e., [Drive-by Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004) followed by [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)), adversaries may initially access victims through compromised data-transfer channels where they can manipulate traffic and/or inject their own content. These compromised online network channels may also be used to deliver additional payloads (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and other data to already compromised systems.(Citation: ESET MoustachedBouncer) Adversaries may inject content to victim systems in various ways, including: * From the middle, where the adversary is in-between legitimate online client-server communications (**Note:** this is similar but distinct from [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557), which describes AiTM activity solely within an enterprise environment) (Citation: Kaspersky Encyclopedia MiTM) * From the side, where malicious content is injected and races to the client as a fake response to requests of a legitimate online server (Citation: Kaspersky ManOnTheSide) Content injection is often the result of compromised upstream communication channels, for example at the level of an internet service provider (ISP) as is the case with "lawful interception."(Citation: Kaspersky ManOnTheSide)(Citation: ESET MoustachedBouncer)(Citation: EFF China GitHub Attack)
Near-miss passage: T1071.001 Web Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7915
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7915. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Sauter EY-WS505F0x0 moduWeb Vision before 1.6.0 sends cleartext credentials, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0988. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Omron CX-One CX-Programmer before 9.6 uses a reversible format for password storage in project source-code files, which makes it easier for local users to obtain sensitive information by reading a file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7284
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7284. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.0. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on ZyXEL NBG-418N devices with firmware 1.00(AADZ.3)C0 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4252. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Cisco TelePresence ISDN Gateway devices with software 2.2(1.106) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCuu90724.
Query: playbook for alert: Outbound C2 pattern associated with System Service Discovery
Matching passage: Playbook for T1007 System Service Discovery. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1007. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services. Adversaries may obtain information about services using tools as well as OS utility commands such as <code>sc query</code>, <code>tasklist /svc</code>, <code>systemctl --type=service</code>, and <code>net start</code>. Adversaries may also gather information about schedule tasks via commands such as `schtasks` on Win
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1120 Peripheral Device Discovery. Different response path focused on discovery.