alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: persistence using Transport Agent
Matching passage: T1505.002 Transport Agent. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. Adversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary.
Near-miss passage: T1505 Server Software Component. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious components to extend and abuse server applications.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW)
Query: common weakness: Hardware Child Block Incorrectly Connected to Parent System
Matching passage: CWE-1276 Hardware Child Block Incorrectly Connected to Parent System. Signals between a hardware IP and the parent system design are incorrectly connected causing security risks.
Near-miss passage: CWE-656 Reliance on Security Through Obscurity. The product uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.
Query: risk of The installer in NetApp OnCommand Workflow Automation before 2.2.1P1 and 3.x before 3.0P1 sets up the Java Debugging Wire Protocol (JDWP) service, which allows remote attackers to 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3292. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 10.0. The installer in NetApp OnCommand Workflow Automation before 2.2.1P1 and 3.x before 3.0P1 sets up the Java Debugging Wire Protocol (JDWP) service, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7035. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. Apple Mac EFI before 2015-002, as used in OS X before 10.11.1 and other products, mishandles arguments, which allows attackers to reach "unused" functions via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (improper plug-in and tool installation) via crafted update center data.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1808. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 3.5. Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (improper plug-in and tool installation) via crafted update center data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5296. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Samba 3.x and 4.x before 4.1.22, 4.2.x before 4.2.7, and 4.3.x before 4.3.3 supports connections that are encrypted but unsigned, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to conduct encrypted-to-unencrypted downgrade attacks by modifying the client-server data stream, related to clidfs.c, libsmb_server.c, and smbXcli_base.c.
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 5.5.x and 6.x before 6.1.12.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command, a differ
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8519. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 5.5.x and 6.x before 6.1.12.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8520, CVE-2015-8521, and CVE-2015-8522.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4409. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.5. Buffer overflow on Hikvision NVR DS-76xxNI-E1/2 and DS-77xxxNI-E4 devices before 3.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (service interruption) via a crafted HTTP request, aka the SDK issue.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Application Layer Protocol
Matching passage: T1071 Application Layer Protocol. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Adversaries may utilize many different protocols, including those used for web browsing, transferring files, electronic mail, DNS, or publishing/subscribing. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), commonly used protocols are SMB, SSH, or RDP.(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22)
Near-miss passage: T1071.002 File Transfer Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMB(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A), FTP(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019), FTPS, and TFTP that transfer files may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the transferred files. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6093
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6093. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Office 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Office 2013 SP1, Office 2013 RT SP1, Office 2016, Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, Office Web Apps 2010 SP2, and Office Web Apps Server 2013 SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8060. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8444, CVE-2015-8451, and CVE-2015-8455.
Query: how to detect DNS/Passive DNS
Matching passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.002 WHOIS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about a registered domain, such as assigned IP blocks, contact information, and DNS nameservers.(Citation: WHOIS) Adversaries may search WHOIS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources or command-line utilities to pillage through WHOIS data for information about potential victims. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: exploit The Groovy scripting engine in Elasticsearch before 1.3.8 and 1.4.x before 1.4.3 allows remote attackers to bypass the sandbox protection mechanism and execute arbitrary shell comm
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1427. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The Groovy scripting engine in Elasticsearch before 1.3.8 and 1.4.x before 1.4.3 allows remote attackers to bypass the sandbox protection mechanism and execute arbitrary shell commands via a crafted script.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2812. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in XMLValidationComponent in SAP NetWeaver Portal 7.31.201109172004 allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via crafted XML, aka SAP Security Note 2093966.
Query: SIEM correlation: reconnaissance activity consistent with Scanning IP Blocks
Matching passage: T1595.001 Scanning IP Blocks. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Adversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1595.003 Wordlist Scanning. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid credentials. Wordlists used in these scans may contain generic, commonly used names and file extensions or terms specific to a particular software. Adversaries may also create custom, target-specific wordlists using data gathered from other Reconnaissance techniques (ex: [Gather Victim Org Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591), or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). For example, adversaries may use web content discovery tools such as Dirb, DirBuster, and GoBuster and generic or custom wordlists to enumerate a website’s pages and directories.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) This can help them to discover old, vulnerable pages or hidden administrative portals that could become the target of further operations (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110)). As cloud storage solutions typically use globally unique names, adversaries may also use target-specific wordlists and tools such as s3recon and GCPBucketBrute to enumerate public and private buckets on cloud infrastructure.(Citation: S3Recon GitHub)(Citation: GCPBucketBrute) Once storage objects are discovered, adversaries may leverage [Data from Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530) to access valuable information that can be exfiltrated or used to escalate privileges and move laterally.
Query: alert when Detects potential token impersonation and theft. Example, when using "DuplicateToken(Ex)" and "ImpersonateLoggedOnUser"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential token impersonation and theft. Example, when using "DuplicateToken(Ex)" and "ImpersonateLoggedOnUser". Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Potential Access Token Abuse id: 02f7c9c1-1ae8-4c6a-8add-04693807f92f status: test description: Detects potential token impersonation and theft. Example, when using "DuplicateToken(Ex)" and "ImpersonateLoggedOnUser" with the "LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS flag". references: - https://www.elastic.co/fr/blog/how-attackers-abuse-access-token-manipulation - https://www.manageengine.com/log-management/cyber-security/access-token-manipulation.html author: Michaela Adams, Zach Mathis date: 2022-11-06 modified: 2023-04-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1134.001 - stp.4u logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 LogonType: 9 LogonProcessName: Advapi AuthenticationPackageName: Negotiate ImpersonationLevel: '%%1833' condition: selection falsepositives: - Anti-Virus level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell module creation where the module Contents are set to "function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter". T. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.EXE Abuse - PowerShell ScriptBlock id: cacef8fc-9d3d-41f7-956d-455c6e881bc5 related: - id: a6fc3c46-23b8-4996-9ea2-573f4c4d88c5 type: similar - id: f65e22f9-819e-4f96-9c7b-498364ae7a25 type: similar - id: 38a7625e-b2cb-485d-b83d-aff137d859f4 type: similar status: test description: Detects PowerShell module creation where the module Contents are set to "function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter". This could be a sign of potential abuse of the "RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe" binary which is known to be vulnerable to module load-order hijacking. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218/T1218.md - https://github.com/redcanaryco/AtomicTestHarnesses/blob/7e1e4da116801e3d6fcc6bedb207064577e40572/TestHarnesses/T1218_SignedBinaryProxyExecution/InvokeRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand.ps1 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: bade5735-5ab0-4aa7-a642-a11be0e40872 detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|startswith: function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter { condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-6368
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6368. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote attackers to read files via a crafted HTTP request, aka Bug ID CSCux10608.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0969. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. SearchBlox before 8.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a pretty=true action to the _cluster/health URI.
Query: what is T1026
Matching passage: T1026 Multiband Communication. Tactics: command and control. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** Some adversaries may split communications between different protocols. There could be one protocol for inbound command and control and another for outbound data, allowing it to bypass certain firewall restrictions. The split could also be random to simply avoid data threshold alerts on any one communication.
Near-miss passage: T1573.002 Asymmetric Cryptography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver’s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal. For efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).
Query: exploit A vulnerability was found in IISH nlgis2. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file scripts/etl/custom_import.pl. The
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10022. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability was found in IISH nlgis2. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file scripts/etl/custom_import.pl. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The identifier of the patch is 8bdb6fcf7209584eaf1232437f0f53e735b2b34c. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217609 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1423. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Gecko CMS 2.2 and 2.3 allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) jak_delete_log[] or (2) ssp parameter to admin/index.php.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects creation of the PSEXEC key file. Which is created anytime a PsExec command is executed. It gets written to the f
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of the PSEXEC key file. Which is created anytime a PsExec command is executed. It gets written to the f. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PSEXEC Remote Execution File Artefact id: 304afd73-55a5-4bb9-8c21-0b1fc84ea9e4 status: test description: Detects creation of the PSEXEC key file. Which is created anytime a PsExec command is executed. It gets written to the file system and will be recorded in the USN Journal on the target system references: - https://aboutdfir.com/the-key-to-identify-psexec/ - https://twitter.com/davisrichardg/status/1616518800584704028 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-21 modified: 2023-02-23 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.002 - attack.t1543.003 - attack.t1570 - attack.s0029 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\PSEXEC- TargetFilename|endswith: .key condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new service using the "sc.exe" utility.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New Service Creation Using Sc.EXE id: 85ff530b-261d-48c6-a441-facaa2e81e48 related: - id: c02e96b7-c63a-4c47-bd83-4a9f74afcfb2 type: similar status: test description: Detects the creation of a new service using the "sc.exe" utility. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1543.003/T1543.003.md author: Timur Zinniatullin, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2023-02-20 modified: 2025-09-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1543.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sc.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - create - binPath filter_optional_dropbox: ParentImage|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Dropbox\Client\ - C:\Program Files\Dropbox\Client\ ParentImage|endswith: \Dropbox.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrator or user creates a service for legitimate reasons. - Software installation level: low
Query: vulnerability: The eap_pwd_process function in eap_peer/eap_pwd.c in wpa_supplicant 2.x before 2.6 does not validate that the reassembly buffer is large enough for the final fragment when EAP-pwd
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5315. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The eap_pwd_process function in eap_peer/eap_pwd.c in wpa_supplicant 2.x before 2.6 does not validate that the reassembly buffer is large enough for the final fragment when EAP-pwd is enabled in a network configuration profile, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process termination) via a large final fragment in an EAP-pwd message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2666. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Stack-based buffer overflow in the get_matching_model_microcode function in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/intel_early.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 allows context-dependent attackers to gain privileges by constructing a crafted microcode header and leveraging root privileges for write access to the initrd.
Query: risk of IOAudioFamily in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5864. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IOAudioFamily in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5863. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IOStorageFamily in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly initialize an unspecified data structure, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via unknown vectors.