alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: SOC alert related to Steganography
Matching passage: T1027.003 Steganography. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) By the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)
Near-miss passage: T1027.015 Compression. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use compression to obfuscate their payloads or files. Compressed file formats such as ZIP, gzip, 7z, and RAR can compress and archive multiple files together to make it easier and faster to transfer files. In addition to compressing files, adversaries may also compress shellcode directly - for example, in order to store it in a Windows Registry key (i.e., [Fileless Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/011)).(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020) In order to further evade detection, adversaries may combine multiple ZIP files into one archive. This process of concatenation creates an archive that appears to be a single archive but in fact contains the central directories of the embedded archives. Some ZIP readers, such as 7zip, may not be able to identify concatenated ZIP files and miss the presence of the malicious payload.(Citation: Perception Point) File archives may be sent as one [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) through email. Adversaries have sent malicious payloads as archived files to encourage the user to interact with and extract the malicious payload onto their system (i.e., [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002)).(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) However, some file compression tools, such as 7zip, can be used to produce self-extracting archives. Adversaries may send self-extracting archives to hide the functionality of their payload and launch it without requiring multiple actions from the user.(Citation: The Hacker News) [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) may be used in combination with [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013) where compressed files are encrypted and password-protected.
Query: common weakness: Path Equivalence: 'filename....' (Multiple Trailing Dot)
Matching passage: CWE-43 Path Equivalence: 'filename....' (Multiple Trailing Dot). The product accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Near-miss passage: CWE-488 Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session. The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5125
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5125. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (vector-length corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7117. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Apple QuickTime before 7.7.9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted movie file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7085, CVE-2015-7086, CVE-2015-7087, CVE-2015-7088, CVE-2015-7089, CVE-2015-7090, CVE-2015-7091, and CVE-2015-7092.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7062
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7062. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Apple OS X before 10.11.2 and tvOS before 9.1 allow local users to bypass intended configuration-profile installation restrictions via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3858. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The checkDestination function in internal/telephony/SMSDispatcher.java in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48M relies on an obsolete permission name for an authorization check, which allows attackers to bypass an intended user-confirmation requirement for SMS short-code messaging via a crafted application, aka internal bug 22314646.
Query: vulnerability: IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 8.0.x through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, 8.5.5 through 8.5.5.0, and 8.5.6 through 8.5.6.0, when external Enterprise Content Management (ECM)
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1904. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.5. IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 8.0.x through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, 8.5.5 through 8.5.5.0, and 8.5.6 through 8.5.6.0, when external Enterprise Content Management (ECM) integration is enabled with a certain technical system account configuration, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended document-access restrictions via a (1) upload or (2) download action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1291. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The ContainerNode::parserRemoveChild function in core/dom/ContainerNode.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85, does not check whether a node is expected, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy or cause a denial of service (DOM tree corruption) via a web site with crafted JavaScript code and IFRAME elements.
Query: alert when Detects potential abuse of the provisioning registry key for indirect command execution through "Provlaunch.exe".
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential abuse of the provisioning registry key for indirect command execution through "Provlaunch.exe".. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Provisioning Registry Key Abuse For Binary Proxy Execution - REG id: 7021255e-5db3-4946-a8b9-0ba7a4644a69 related: - id: 7f5d1c9a-3e83-48df-95a7-2b98aae6c13c type: similar - id: f9999590-1f94-4a34-a91e-951e47bedefd type: similar - id: 2a4b3e61-9d22-4e4a-b60f-6e8f0cde6f25 type: similar status: test description: Detects potential abuse of the provisioning registry key for indirect command execution through "Provlaunch.exe". references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Provlaunch/ - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1674399582162153472 author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2023-08-02 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows definition: 'Requirements: The registry key "\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\" and its subkey must be monitored' detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a user has deleted a unusual a large volume of files.. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Microsoft 365 - Unusual Volume of File Deletion id: 78a34b67-3c39-4886-8fb4-61c46dc18ecd status: test description: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a user has deleted a unusual a large volume of files. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: austinsonger date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Unusual volume of file deletion status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: containment actions for Persistence mechanism resembling Gather Victim Org Information
Matching passage: Playbook for T1591 Gather Victim Org Information. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1591. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [P
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1591.001 Determine Physical Locations. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Hijack Execution Flow
Matching passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Near-miss passage: T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. The PATH environment variable contains a list of directories (User and System) that the OS searches sequentially through in search of the binary that was called from a script or the command line. Adversaries can place a malicious program in an earlier entry in the list of directories stored in the PATH environment variable, resulting in the operating system executing the malicious binary rather than the legitimate binary when it searches sequentially through that PATH listing. For example, on Windows if an adversary places a malicious program named "net.exe" in `C:\example path`, which by default precedes `C:\Windows\system32\net.exe` in the PATH environment variable, when "net" is executed from the command-line the `C:\example path` will be called instead of the system's legitimate executable at `C:\Windows\system32\net.exe`. Some methods of executing a program rely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched when the path for the program is not given, such as executing programs from a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059).(Citation: ExpressVPN PATH env Windows 2021) Adversaries may also directly modify the $PATH variable specifying the directories to be searched. An adversary can modify the `$PATH` variable to point to a directory they have write access. When a program using the $PATH variable is called, the OS searches the specified directory and executes the malicious binary. On macOS, this can also be performed through modifying the $HOME variable. These variables can be modified using the command-line, launchctl, [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004), or modifying the `/etc/paths.d` folder contents.(Citation: uptycs Fake POC linux malware 2023)(Citation: nixCraft macOS PATH variables)(Citation: Elastic Rules macOS launchctl 2022
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9183
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9183. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile SD 410/12, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, in TQS QSEE application, while parsing "Set Certificates" command an integer overflow may result in buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5120. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Shockwave Player before 12.1.9.159 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5121.
Query: exploit The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) in Huawei VCN500 with software before V100R002C00SPC200 does not properly invalidate the session ID when an "abnormal exit" occurs, which a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8331. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) in Huawei VCN500 with software before V100R002C00SPC200 does not properly invalidate the session ID when an "abnormal exit" occurs, which allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks via the session ID.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3802. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted Mach-O file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3805.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2421. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4503. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The TCP Socket API implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 mishandles array boundaries that were established with a navigator.mozTCPSocket.open method call and send method calls, which allows remote TCP servers to obtain sensitive information from process memory by reading packet data, as demonstrated by availability of this API in a Firefox OS application.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors re
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4892. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Security, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4917.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1118. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. libnetcore in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted configuration profile.
Query: threat report mentioning Disable Crypto Hardware
Matching passage: T1600.002 Disable Crypto Hardware. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries disable a network device’s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data. Many network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1600 Weaken Encryption. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key. Adversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device’s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3132. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3127, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4428, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0482. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 12.1.2.0 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to WLS-WebServices.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7174
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7174. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The nsAttrAndChildArray::GrowBy function in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, related to an "overflow."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9136. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9640, MDM9650, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 600, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, and SDX20, in pre-auth request, Host driver uses FT IEs sent by the supplicant. A buffer overflow may occur if FT IEs sent by the supplicant are larger than the expected value.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8894
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8894. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 5.5. Double free vulnerability in coders/tga.c in ImageMagick 7.0.0 and later allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted tga file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8962. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Double free vulnerability in the sg_common_write function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and system crash) by detaching a device during an SG_IO ioctl call.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5493
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5493. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. The Entityform Block module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal does not properly check permissions when a form is locked to a role, which allows remote attackers to obtain access to certain entityforms via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1593. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. The stack randomization feature in the Linux kernel before 3.19.1 on 64-bit platforms uses incorrect data types for the results of bitwise left-shift operations, which makes it easier for attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism by predicting the address of the top of the stack, related to the randomize_stack_top function in fs/binfmt_elf.c and the stack_maxrandom_size function in arch/x86/mm/mmap.c.
Query: mitigate Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites
Matching passage: T1567.003 Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information. Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g., [Stage Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608)), but adversaries may also use these sites to exfiltrate collected data. Furthermore, paid features and encryption options may allow adversaries to conceal and store data more securely.(Citation: Pastebin EchoSec) **Note:** This is distinct from [Exfiltration to Code Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001), which highlight access to code repositories via APIs.
Near-miss passage: T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services. Web service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Query: exploit The utils.html.strip_tags function in Django 1.6.x before 1.6.11, 1.7.x before 1.7.7, and 1.8.x before 1.8c1, when using certain versions of Python, allows remote attackers to caus
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2316. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The utils.html.strip_tags function in Django 1.6.x before 1.6.11, 1.7.x before 1.7.7, and 1.8.x before 1.8c1, when using certain versions of Python, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) by increasing the length of the input string.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6394. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The kernel in Cisco NX-OS 5.2(9)N1(1) on Nexus 5000 devices allows local users to cause a denial of service (device crash) via crafted USB parameters, aka Bug ID CSCus89408.