alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway X8.5.2 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read configuration files by lever
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6261. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway X8.5.2 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read configuration files by leveraging the Mobile and Remote Access (MRA) role and establishing a TFTP session, aka Bug ID CSCuv78531.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6368. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote attackers to read files via a crafted HTTP request, aka Bug ID CSCux10608.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with RDP Hijacking
Matching passage: T1563.002 RDP Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\windows\system32\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)
Near-miss passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Query: SIEM correlation: resource development activity consistent with Serverless
Matching passage: T1584.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them. Once compromised, the serverless runtime environment can be leveraged to either respond directly to infected machines or to [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) traffic to an adversary-owned command and control server.(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)(Citation: AWS Lambda Redirector)(Citation: GWS Apps Script Abuse 2021) As traffic generated by these functions will appear to come from subdomains of common cloud providers, it may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary traffic to these providers - making it easier to [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665).(Citation: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud)(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)
Near-miss passage: T1584.006 Web Services. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)), [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567), or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. Additionally, leveraging compromised web-based email services may allow adversaries to leverage the trust associated with legitimate domains.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0066. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0018, CVE-2015-0037, and CVE-2015-0040.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0046. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0038 and CVE-2015-0042.
Query: detection rule: An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, Amm
Matching passage: Sigma rule: An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, Amm. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Anydesk Temporary Artefact id: 0b9ad457-2554-44c1-82c2-d56a99c42377 status: test description: 'An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, AmmyyAdmin, etc, to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services are commonly used as legitimate technical support software, and may be allowed by application control within a target environment. Remote access tools like VNC, Ammyy, and Teamviewer are used frequently when compared with other legitimate software commonly used by adversaries. (Citation: Symantec Living off the Land) ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1219/T1219.md#atomic-test-2---anydesk-files-detected-test-on-windows author: frack113 date: 2022-02-11 modified: 2024-07-20 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: - \AppData\Roaming\AnyDesk\user.conf - \AppData\Roaming\AnyDesk\system.conf condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_anydesk_artefact/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of COM objects that can be abused to download files in PowerShell by CLSID. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential COM Objects Download Cradles Usage - PS Script id: 3c7d1587-3b13-439f-9941-7d14313dbdfe related: - id: 02b64f1b-3f33-4e67-aede-ef3b0a5a8fcf type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of COM objects that can be abused to download files in PowerShell by CLSID references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.type.gettypefromclsid?view=net-7.0 - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=57 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: Script Block Logging must be enable detection: selection_1: ScriptBlockText|contains: '[Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID(' selection_2: ScriptBlockText|contains: - 0002DF01-0000-0000-C000-000000000046 - F6D90F16-9C73-11D3-B32E-00C04F990BB4 - F5078F35-C551-11D3-89B9-0000F81FE221 - 88d96a0a-f192-11d4-a65f-0040963251e5 - AFBA6B42-5692-48EA-8141-DC517DCF0EF1 - AFB40FFD-B609-40A3-9828-F88BBE11E4E3 - 88d96a0b-f192-11d4-a65f-0040963251e5 - 2087c2f4-2cef-4953-a8ab-66779b670495 - 000209FF-0000-0000-C000-000000000046 - 00024500-0000-0000-C000-000000000046 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the library level: medium
Query: actor TTPs: Transfer Data to Cloud Account
Matching passage: T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service. A defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.(Citation: TLDRSec AWS Attacks) Adversaries may also use cloud-native mechanisms to share victim data with adversary-controlled cloud accounts, such as creating anonymous file sharing links or, in Azure, a shared access signature (SAS) URI.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Shared Access Signature) Incidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1928
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1928. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Jazz Team Server in Jazz Foundation in IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management (CLM) 3.x and 4.x before 4.0.7 IF9, 5.x before 5.0.2 IF11, and 6.x before 6.0.0 IF4; Rational Quality Manager (RQM) 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7, 4.x before 4.0.7 IF9, 5.x before 5.0.2 IF11, and 6.0 before 6.0.0 IF4; Rational Team Concert (RTC) 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7, 4.x before 4.0.7 IF9, 5.x before 5.0.2 IF11, and 6.0 before 6.0.0 IF4; Rational Requirements Composer (RRC) 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7 and 4.x before 4.0.7 IF9; Rational DOORS Next Generation (RDNG) 4.x before 4.0.7 IF9, 5.x before 5.0.2 IF11, and 6.0 before 6.0.0 IF4; Rational Engineering Lifecycle Manager (RELM) 4.0.3 through 4.0.7, 5.0 through 5.0.2, and 6.0.0; Rational Rhapsody Design Manager (DM) 4.0 through 4.0.7, 5.0 through 5.0.2, and 6.0.0; and Rational Software Architect Design Manager (DM) 4.0 through 4.0.7, 5.0 through 5.0.2, and 6.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to conduct clickjacking attacks via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4499. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Util.pm in Bugzilla 2.x, 3.x, and 4.x before 4.2.15, 4.3.x and 4.4.x before 4.4.10, and 5.x before 5.0.1 mishandles long e-mail addresses during account registration, which allows remote attackers to obtain the default privileges for an arbitrary domain name by placing that name in a substring of an address, as demonstrated by truncation of an @mozilla.com.example.com address to an @mozilla.com address.
Query: exploit Citrix Command Center before 5.1 Build 35.4 and 5.2 before Build 42.7 does not properly restrict access to the Advent Java Management Extensions (JMX) Servlet, which allows remote 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2683. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. Citrix Command Center before 5.1 Build 35.4 and 5.2 before Build 42.7 does not properly restrict access to the Advent Java Management Extensions (JMX) Servlet, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors to servlets/Jmx_dynamic.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1885. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. WebSphereOauth20SP.ear in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 7.0 before 7.0.0.39, 8.0 before 8.0.0.11, 8.5 Liberty Profile before 8.5.5.5, and 8.5 Full Profile before 8.5.5.6, when the OAuth grant type requires sending a password, allows remote attackers to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of binaries located in potentially suspicious locations via "nohup"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of binaries located in potentially suspicious locations via "nohup". Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Nohup Execution id: 457df417-8b9d-4912-85f3-9dbda39c3645 related: - id: e4ffe466-6ff8-48d4-94bd-e32d1a6061e2 type: derived status: test description: Detects execution of binaries located in potentially suspicious locations via "nohup" references: - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html - https://jstnk9.github.io/jstnk9/research/GobRAT-Malware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-06-02 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /nohup CommandLine|contains: /tmp/ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects java process spawning suspicious children. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Java Children Processes id: d292e0af-9a18-420c-9525-ec0ac3936892 status: test description: Detects java process spawning suspicious children references: - https://www.tecmint.com/different-types-of-linux-shells/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-03 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: /java CommandLine|contains: - /bin/sh - bash - dash - ksh - zsh - csh - fish - curl - wget - python condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: detect Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse pro in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse pro. Logsource: linux / network_connection. Rule: title: Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated - Linux id: c4568f5d-131f-4e78-83d4-45b2da0ec4f1 status: test description: 'Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet. Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls. ' references: - https://localtonet.com/documents/supported-tunnels - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io) date: 2024-06-17 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1572 - attack.t1090 - attack.t1102 logsource: category: network_connection product: linux detection: selection: DestinationHostname|endswith: - .localto.net - .localtonet.com Initiated: 'true' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the LocaltoNet service. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL side-loading of jli.dll. JLI.dll has been observed being side-loaded by Java processes by various. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential JLI.dll Side-Loading id: 7a3b6d1f-4a2b-4f8c-9d7e-e9f8cbf21a35 status: experimental description: 'Detects potential DLL side-loading of jli.dll. JLI.dll has been observed being side-loaded by Java processes by various threat actors, including APT41, XWorm, and others in order to load malicious payloads in context of legitimate Java processes. ' references: - https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986/ - https://lab52.io/blog/snake-keylogger-in-geopolitical-affairs-abuse-of-trusted-java-utilities-in-cybercrime-operations/ - https://hijacklibs.net/entries/3rd_party/oracle/jli.html - https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/phish-china-aligned-espionage-actors-ramp-up-taiwan-semiconductor-targeting author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-07-25 modified: 2025-10-06 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \jli.dll filter_main_legitimate_install_paths: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ Description: OpenJDK Platform binary OriginalFileName: jli.dll Product|startswith: OpenJDK Platform Signed: 'true' filter_optional_eclipse: ImageLoaded|startswith: C:\eclipse\plugins\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in foxoverflow MySimplifiedSQL. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file MySimplifiedSQL_Examples
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10019. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in foxoverflow MySimplifiedSQL. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file MySimplifiedSQL_Examples.php. The manipulation of the argument FirstName/LastName leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The patch is named 3b7481c72786f88041b7c2d83bb4f219f77f1293. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217595.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6809. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in BEdita before 3.6.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) cfg[projectName] parameter to index.php/admin/saveConfig, the (2) data[stats_provider_url] parameter to index.php/areas/saveArea, or the (3) data[description] parameter to index.php/areas/saveSection.
Query: intelligence brief on T1092
Matching passage: T1092 Communication Through Removable Media. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.
Near-miss passage: T1001.001 Junk Data. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters.
Query: alert when Commandline to launch powershell with a base64 payload
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Commandline to launch powershell with a base64 payload. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Execution of Powershell with Base64 id: fb843269-508c-4b76-8b8d-88679db22ce7 status: test description: Commandline to launch powershell with a base64 payload references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1059.001/T1059.001.md#atomic-test-20---powershell-invoke-known-malicious-cmdlets - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-pulling-back-the-curtains-on-encodedcommand-powershell-attacks/ - https://mikefrobbins.com/2017/06/15/simple-obfuscation-with-powershell-using-base64-encoding/ author: frack113 date: 2022-01-02 modified: 2023-01-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' -e ' - ' -en ' - ' -enc ' - ' -enco' - ' -ec ' filter_encoding: CommandLine|contains: ' -Encoding ' filter_azure: ParentImage|contains: - C:\Packages\Plugins\Microsoft.GuestConfiguration.ConfigurationforWindows\ - \gc_worker.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the hacktool SafetyKatz via PE information and default Image name. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - SafetyKatz Execution id: b1876533-4ed5-4a83-90f3-b8645840a413 status: test description: Detects the execution of the hacktool SafetyKatz via PE information and default Image name references: - https://github.com/GhostPack/SafetyKatz author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \SafetyKatz.exe - OriginalFileName: SafetyKatz.exe - Description: SafetyKatz condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical