alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: ATT&CK technique for Artificial Intelligence
Matching passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Near-miss passage: T1588.001 Malware. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors. In addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).
Query: describe CVE-2015-4106
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4106. CWE: CWE-863. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. QEMU does not properly restrict write access to the PCI config space for certain PCI pass-through devices, which might allow local x86 HVM guests to gain privileges, cause a denial of service (host crash), obtain sensitive information, or possibly have other unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1780. CWE: CWE-863. CVSS: 6.5. oVirt users with MANIPULATE_STORAGE_DOMAIN permissions can attach a storage domain to any data-center
Query: alert when Detects usage of the Get-ADUser cmdlet to collect user information and output it to a file
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the Get-ADUser cmdlet to collect user information and output it to a file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: User Discovery And Export Via Get-ADUser Cmdlet id: 1114e048-b69c-4f41-bc20-657245ae6e3f related: - id: c2993223-6da8-4b1a-88ee-668b8bf315e9 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of the Get-ADUser cmdlet to collect user information and output it to a file references: - http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/09/lazarus-three-rats.html - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/10/18/defenders-beware-a-case-for-post-ransomware-investigations/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-09 modified: 2022-11-17 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'Get-ADUser ' - ' -Filter \*' CommandLine|contains: - ' > ' - ' | Select ' - Out-File - Set-Content - Add-Content condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate admin scripts may use the same technique, it's better to exclude specific computers or users who execute these commands or scripts often level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the Add-In deployment cache updating utility (AddInutil.exe) with uncommon Addinroot or Pipelineroo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon AddinUtil.EXE CommandLine Execution id: 4f2cd9b6-4a17-440f-bb2a-687abb65993a status: test description: 'Detects execution of the Add-In deployment cache updating utility (AddInutil.exe) with uncommon Addinroot or Pipelineroot paths. An adversary may execute AddinUtil.exe with uncommon Addinroot/Pipelineroot paths that point to the adversaries Addins.Store payload. ' references: - https://www.blue-prints.blog/content/blog/posts/lolbin/addinutil-lolbas.html author: Michael McKinley (@McKinleyMike), Tony Latteri (@TheLatteri) date: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \addinutil.exe - OriginalFileName: AddInUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - '-AddInRoot:' - '-PipelineRoot:' filter_main_addinroot: CommandLine|contains: - -AddInRoot:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -AddInRoot:C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -PipelineRoot:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA - -PipelineRoot:C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\VSTA condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit The autoupdate implementation in TimeDoctor Pro 1.4.72.3 on Windows relies on unsigned installer files that are retrieved without use of SSL, which makes it easier for man-in-the-m
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4674. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The autoupdate implementation in TimeDoctor Pro 1.4.72.3 on Windows relies on unsigned installer files that are retrieved without use of SSL, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3956. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Hospira Plum A+ Infusion System version 13.4 and prior, Plum A+3 Infusion System version 13.6 and prior, and Symbiq Infusion System, version 3.13 and prior accept drug libraries, firmware updates, pump commands, and unauthorized configuration changes from unauthenticated devices on the host network. Hospira recommends that customers close Port 20/FTP and Port 23/TELNET on the affected devices. Hospira has also released the Plum 360 Infusion System which is not vulnerable to this issue.
Query: hunt for Cloud Services activity
Matching passage: T1021.007 Cloud Services. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may log into accessible cloud services within a compromised environment using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that are synchronized with or federated to on-premises user identities. The adversary may then perform management actions or access cloud-hosted resources as the logged-on user. Many enterprises federate centrally managed user identities to cloud services, allowing users to login with their domain credentials in order to access the cloud control plane. Similarly, adversaries may connect to available cloud services through the web console or through the cloud command line interface (CLI) (e.g., [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009)), using commands such as <code>Connect-AZAccount</code> for Azure PowerShell, <code>Connect-MgGraph</code> for Microsoft Graph PowerShell, and <code>gcloud auth login</code> for the Google Cloud CLI. In some cases, adversaries may be able to authenticate to these services via [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001) instead of a username and password.
Near-miss passage: T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MantisBT 1.2.13 and later before 1.2.20.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2046. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MantisBT 1.2.13 and later before 1.2.20.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3988. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) 2015.1.0 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the metadata to a (1) Glance image, (2) Nova flavor or (3) Host Aggregate.
Query: mitigate Break Process Trees
Matching passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: `svchost.exe`). Alternatively, a Windows Registry key may be given a close approximation to a key used by a legitimate program. In containerized environments, a threat actor may create a resource in a trusted namespace or one that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Backdoor 2023)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4287
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4287. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.86) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and obtain sensitive device information by visiting an unspecified web page, aka Bug ID CSCuu82230.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1810. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The HudsonPrivateSecurityRealm class in Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 does not restrict access to reserved names when using the "Jenkins' own user database" setting, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges by creating a reserved name.
Query: detection rule: Open a handle on the drive volume via the \\.\ DOS device path specifier and perform direct access read of the first few
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Open a handle on the drive volume via the \\.\ DOS device path specifier and perform direct access read of the first few. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Suspicious IO.FileStream id: 70ad982f-67c8-40e0-a955-b920c2fa05cb status: test description: Open a handle on the drive volume via the \\.\ DOS device path specifier and perform direct access read of the first few bytes of the volume. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1006/T1006.md author: frack113 date: 2022-01-09 modified: 2022-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - New-Object - IO.FileStream - \\\\.\\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate PowerShell scripts level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Sysinternals ADExplorer with the "-snapshot" flag in order to save a local copy of the active d. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Active Directory Database Snapshot Via ADExplorer id: 9212f354-7775-4e28-9c9f-8f0a4544e664 related: - id: ef61af62-bc74-4f58-b49b-626448227652 type: derived status: test description: Detects the execution of Sysinternals ADExplorer with the "-snapshot" flag in order to save a local copy of the active directory database. This can be used by attackers to extract data for Bloodhound, usernames for password spraying or use the meta data for social engineering. The snapshot doesn't contain password hashes but there have been cases, where administrators put passwords in the comment field. references: - https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5743766-Global-Threat-Report-2019.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/sysinternals/downloads/adexplorer - https://github.com/c3c/ADExplorerSnapshot.py/tree/f700904defac330802bbfedd1d8ffd9248f4ee24 - https://www.packetlabs.net/posts/scattered-spider-is-a-young-ransomware-gang-exploiting-large-corporations/ - https://www.nccgroup.com/us/research-blog/lapsus-recent-techniques-tactics-and-procedures/ - https://trustedsec.com/blog/adexplorer-on-engagements author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-14 modified: 2025-07-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 - attack.t1069.002 - attack.t1482 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \ADExp.exe - \ADExplorer.exe - \ADExplorer64.exe - \ADExplorer64a.exe - OriginalFileName: AdExp - Description: Active Directory Editor - Product: Sysinternals ADExplorer selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: snapshot condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-5538
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5538. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway before 10.1 Build 132.8, 10.5 before Build 57.7, and 10.5e before Build 56.1505.e allow remote attackers to gain privileges via unknown vectors, related to the (1) Command Line Interface (CLI) and the (2) Web User Interface (UI).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4871. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u85 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Libraries.
Query: what is T1596
Matching passage: T1596 Search Open Technical Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: vulnerability: A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in ACI_Escola. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The identifier of the patch is 34
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10037. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in ACI_Escola. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The identifier of the patch is 34eed1f7b9295d1424912f79989d8aba5de41e9f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217965 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9352. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The wp-polls plugin before 2.72 for WordPress has SQL injection.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the abuse of custom file open handler, executing powershell
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the abuse of custom file open handler, executing powershell. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Custom File Open Handler Executes PowerShell id: 7530b96f-ad8e-431d-a04d-ac85cc461fdc status: test description: Detects the abuse of custom file open handler, executing powershell references: - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2022/02/01/solarmarker-campaign-used-novel-registry-changes-to-establish-persistence/?cmp=30728 author: CD_R0M_ date: 2022-06-11 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: shell\open\command\ Details|contains|all: - powershell - -command condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious command lines that look as if they would create symbolic links to /etc/passwd. Logsource: linux. Rule: title: Symlink Etc Passwd id: c67fc22a-0be5-4b4f-aad5-2b32c4b69523 status: test description: Detects suspicious command lines that look as if they would create symbolic links to /etc/passwd references: - https://www.qualys.com/2021/05/04/21nails/21nails.txt author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-04-05 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.t1204.001 - attack.execution logsource: product: linux detection: keywords: - ln -s -f /etc/passwd - ln -s /etc/passwd condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: vbscript.dll in Microsoft VBScript 5.6 through 5.8, as used with Internet Explorer 8 through 11 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a den
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0032. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. vbscript.dll in Microsoft VBScript 5.6 through 5.8, as used with Internet Explorer 8 through 11 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "VBScript Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6295. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. Cisco NX-OS 6.1(2)I3(4) and 7.0(3)I1(1) on Nexus 9000 (N9K) devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or control-plane instability) or trigger unintended traffic forwarding via a Layer 2 packet with a reserved VLAN number, aka Bug ID CSCuw13560.
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of DeviceCredentialDeployment to hide a process from view.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of DeviceCredentialDeployment to hide a process from view.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DeviceCredentialDeployment Execution id: b8b1b304-a60f-4999-9a6e-c547bde03ffd status: test description: 'Detects the execution of DeviceCredentialDeployment to hide a process from view. ' references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/147 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-19 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \DeviceCredentialDeployment.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Raccine Uninstall id: a31eeaed-3fd5-478e-a8ba-e62c6b3f9ecc status: test description: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool. references: - https://github.com/Neo23x0/Raccine author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-01-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'taskkill ' - RaccineSettings.exe selection2: CommandLine|contains|all: - reg.exe - delete - Raccine Tray selection3: CommandLine|contains|all: - schtasks - /DELETE - Raccine Rules Updater condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate deinstallation by administrative staff level: high