alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1643. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "NtCreateTransactionManager Type Confusion Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2794. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The installation wizard in DotNetNuke (DNN) before 7.4.1 allows remote attackers to reinstall the application and gain SuperUser access via a direct request to Install/InstallWizard.aspx.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7647
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7647. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.255 and 19.x before 19.0.0.226 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.540 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7648.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4477. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in the MediaStream playback feature in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified use of the Web Audio API.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in admin.php in ferretCMS 1.0.4-alpha allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) action parameter
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1373. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in admin.php in ferretCMS 1.0.4-alpha allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) action parameter in a search request, (2) username in a login request, which is not properly handled when logging the event, or (3) page title in an insert action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5347. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the getWindowOpenJavaScript function in org.apache.wicket.extensions.ajax.markup.html.modal.ModalWindow in Apache Wicket 1.5.x before 1.5.15, 6.x before 6.22.0, and 7.x before 7.2.0 might allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a ModalWindow title.
Query: explain CWE-122
Matching passage: CWE-122 Heap-based Buffer Overflow. A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
Near-miss passage: CWE-154 Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2280
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2280. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. snwrite.cgi in AirLink101 SkyIPCam1620W Wireless N MPEG4 3GPP network camera with firmware FW_AIC1620W_1.1.0-12_20120709_r1192.pck allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in the mac parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4117. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Vesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-14 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the backup parameter to list/backup/index.php.
Query: campaign using RDP Hijacking
Matching passage: T1563.002 RDP Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\windows\system32\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)
Near-miss passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in HP Software Update before 5.005.002.002 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5442. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Software Update before 5.005.002.002 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2050. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. D-Link DAP-1320 Rev Ax with firmware before 1.21b05 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: telemetry for T1583.002
Matching passage: T1583.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations. By running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1583.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may purchase and configure serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them. Once acquired, the serverless runtime environment can be leveraged to either respond directly to infected machines or to [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) traffic to an adversary-owned command and control server.(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)(Citation: AWS Lambda Redirector)(Citation: GWS Apps Script Abuse 2021) As traffic generated by these functions will appear to come from subdomains of common cloud providers, it may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary traffic to these providers - making it easier to [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665).(Citation: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud)(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)
Query: risk of Integer overflow in the crypt_raw method in the key-stretching implementation in jBCrypt before 0.4 makes it easier for remote attackers to determine cleartext values of password h
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0886. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 5.0. Integer overflow in the crypt_raw method in the key-stretching implementation in jBCrypt before 0.4 makes it easier for remote attackers to determine cleartext values of password hashes via a brute-force attack against hashes associated with the maximum exponent.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8933. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 5.5. Integer overflow in the archive_read_format_tar_skip function in archive_read_support_format_tar.c in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted tar file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5764
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5764. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The user interface in Safari in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to spoof URLs via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5765 and CVE-2015-5767.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9069. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the Secure File System can become corrupted.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2866
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2866. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability on the Grandstream GXV3611_HD camera with firmware before 1.0.3.9 beta allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands by attempting to establish a TELNET session with a crafted username.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3313. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in WordPress Community Events plugin before 1.4.
Query: vulnerability: GALAXY Apps (aka Samsung Apps, Samsung Updates, or com.sec.android.app.samsungapps) before 14120405.03.012 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information and ex
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0863. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.0. GALAXY Apps (aka Samsung Apps, Samsung Updates, or com.sec.android.app.samsungapps) before 14120405.03.012 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information and execute arbitrary code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5301. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.5. providers/saml2/admin.py in the Identity Provider (IdP) server in Ipsilon 0.1.0 before 1.0.2 and 1.1.x before 1.1.1 does not properly check permissions, which allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service by deleting a SAML2 Service Provider (SP).
Query: describe CVE-2015-1063
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1063. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. CoreTelephony in Apple iOS before 8.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and device restart) via a Class 0 SMS message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3623. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in QlikTech Qlikview before 11.20 SR12 allows remote attackers to conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks and read arbitrary files via crafted XML data in a request to AccessPoint.aspx.
Query: explain T1048.001 Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol
Matching passage: T1048.001 Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Symmetric encryption algorithms are those that use shared or the same keys/secrets on each end of the channel. This requires an exchange or pre-arranged agreement/possession of the value used to encrypt and decrypt data. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged, but adversaries may opt to manually share keys and implement symmetric cryptographic algorithms (ex: RC4, AES) vice using mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. This may result in multiple layers of encryption (in protocols that are natively encrypted such as HTTPS) or encryption in protocols that not typically encrypted (such as HTTP or FTP).
Near-miss passage: T1048.003 Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.(Citation: copy_cmd_cisco) Adversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0773
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0773. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.5. Cisco FireSIGHT System Software 5.3.1.3 and 6.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to delete an arbitrary user's dashboard via a modified VPN deletion request in a management session, aka Bug ID CSCut67078.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1416. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Larry Wall's patch; patch in FreeBSD 10.2-RC1 before 10.2-RC1-p1, 10.2 before 10.2-BETA2-p2, and 10.1 before 10.1-RELEASE-p16; Bitrig; GNU patch before 2.2.5; and possibly other patch variants allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via a crafted patch file.
Query: detect Detects changes to the PowerShell execution policy in order to bypass signing requirements for script execution in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the PowerShell execution policy in order to bypass signing requirements for script execution. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential PowerShell Execution Policy Tampering id: fad91067-08c5-4d1a-8d8c-d96a21b37814 related: - id: cf2e938e-9a3e-4fe8-a347-411642b28a9f type: similar - id: 87e3c4e8-a6a8-4ad9-bb4f-46e7ff99a180 type: similar - id: 61d0475c-173f-4844-86f7-f3eebae1c66b type: similar status: test description: Detects changes to the PowerShell execution policy in order to bypass signing requirements for script execution references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/set-executionpolicy?view=powershell-7.3 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-11 modified: 2023-12-14 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - \ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell\ExecutionPolicy - \Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\ExecutionPolicy Details|contains: - Bypass - Unrestricted filter_main_svchost: Image|contains: - :\Windows\System32\ - :\Windows\SysWOW64\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects handles requested to SAM registry hive. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: SAM Registry Hive Handle Request id: f8748f2c-89dc-4d95-afb0-5a2dfdbad332 status: test description: Detects handles requested to SAM registry hive references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190725-SAMRegistryHiveHandleRequest/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-08-12 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1012 - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4656 ObjectType: Key ObjectName|endswith: \SAM condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: write Sigma for Detects usage of the "Get-AdComputer" to enumerate Computers or properties within Active Directory.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "Get-AdComputer" to enumerate Computers or properties within Active Directory.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Active Directory Computers Enumeration With Get-AdComputer id: 36bed6b2-e9a0-4fff-beeb-413a92b86138 status: test description: Detects usage of the "Get-AdComputer" to enumerate Computers or properties within Active Directory. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/get-adcomputer - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1018/T1018.md - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/02cb591f75064ffe1e0df9ac3ed5972a2e491c97/atomics/T1087.002/T1087.002.md author: frack113 date: 2022-03-17 modified: 2023-07-08 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1018 - attack.t1087.002 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_cmdlet: ScriptBlockText|contains: 'Get-AdComputer ' selection_option: ScriptBlockText|contains: - '-Filter ' - '-LDAPFilter ' - '-Properties ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep for now) to discover security software discovery. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Security Software Discovery - MacOs id: 0ed75b9c-c73b-424d-9e7d-496cd565fbe0 status: test description: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep for now) to discover security software discovery references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518.001/T1518.001.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2022-11-27 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1518.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: image: Image: /usr/bin/grep selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: - nessusd - santad - CbDefense - falcond - td-agent - packetbeat - filebeat - auditbeat - osqueryd - BlockBlock - LuLu selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - Little - Snitch condition: image and 1 of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-0200
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0200. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM WebSphere Commerce 6.x through 6.0.0.11 and 7.x before 7.0.0.8 IF2 allows local users to obtain sensitive database information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4218. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The web-based user interface in Cisco Jabber through 9.6(3) and 9.7 through 9.7(5) on Windows allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted value in a GET request, aka Bug IDs CSCuu65622 and CSCuu70858.
Query: detection rule: Detects well-known credential dumping tools execution via service execution events
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects well-known credential dumping tools execution via service execution events. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Credential Dumping Tools Service Execution - System id: 4976aa50-8f41-45c6-8b15-ab3fc10e79ed status: test description: Detects well-known credential dumping tools execution via service execution events references: - https://www.slideshare.net/heirhabarov/hunting-for-credentials-dumping-in-windows-environment author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Teymur Kheirkhabarov, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2017-03-05 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.execution - attack.t1003.001 - attack.t1003.002 - attack.t1003.004 - attack.t1003.005 - attack.t1003.006 - attack.t1569.002 - attack.s0005 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 ImagePath|contains: - cachedump - dumpsvc - fgexec - gsecdump - mimidrv - pwdump - servpw condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate Administrator using credential dumping tool for password recovery level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries made by "AppInstaller.EXE". The AppInstaller is the default handler for the "ms-appinstaller" URI. I. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: AppX Package Installation Attempts Via AppInstaller.EXE id: 7cff77e1-9663-46a3-8260-17f2e1aa9d0a related: - id: 180c7c5c-d64b-4a63-86e9-68910451bc8b type: derived status: test description: 'Detects DNS queries made by "AppInstaller.EXE". The AppInstaller is the default handler for the "ms-appinstaller" URI. It attempts to load/install a package from the referenced URL ' references: - https://twitter.com/notwhickey/status/1333900137232523264 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/AppInstaller/ author: frack113 date: 2021-11-24 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection: Image|startswith: C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_ Image|endswith: \AppInstaller.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: intelligence brief on T1087.003
Matching passage: T1087.003 Email Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists) In on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the <code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016) In Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)
Near-miss passage: T1087.004 Cloud Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) The AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)