alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: intelligence brief on T1552.004
Matching passage: T1552.004 Private Keys. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. Adversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:&#92;Users&#92;(username)&#92;.ssh&#92;</code> on Windows. Adversary tools may also search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia) When a device is registered to Entra ID, a device key and a transport key are generated and used to verify the device’s identity.(Citation: Microsoft Primary Refresh Token) An adversary with access to the device may be able to export the keys in order to impersonate the device.(Citation: AADInternals Azure AD Device Identities) On network devices, private keys may be exported via [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands such as `crypto pki export`.(Citation: cisco_deploy_rsa_keys) Some private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.
Near-miss passage: T1552.006 Group Policy Preferences. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016) These group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).(Citation: Microsoft GPP Key) The following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files: * Metasploit’s post exploitation module: <code>post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp</code> * Get-GPPPassword(Citation: Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword) * gpprefdecrypt.py On the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: <code>dir /s * .xml</code>
Query: alert when Detects a network connection initiated by a binary to "api.mega.co.nz". Attackers were seen abusing file sharing website
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a network connection initiated by a binary to "api.mega.co.nz". Attackers were seen abusing file sharing website. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated To Mega.nz id: fdeebdf0-9f3f-4d08-84a6-4c4d13e39fe4 status: test description: 'Detects a network connection initiated by a binary to "api.mega.co.nz". Attackers were seen abusing file sharing websites similar to "mega.nz" in order to upload/download additional payloads. ' references: - https://megatools.megous.com/ - https://www.mandiant.com/resources/russian-targeting-gov-business author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-12-06 modified: 2024-05-31 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationHostname|endswith: - mega.co.nz - mega.nz condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate MEGA installers and utilities are expected to communicate with this domain. Exclude hosts that are known to be allowed to use this tool. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using consent.exe and comctl32.dll (UACMe 22). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: UAC Bypass Using Consent and Comctl32 - Process id: 1ca6bd18-0ba0-44ca-851c-92ed89a61085 status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using consent.exe and comctl32.dll (UACMe 22) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \consent.exe Image|endswith: \werfault.exe IntegrityLevel: - High - System - S-1-16-16384 - S-1-16-12288 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: containment actions for Suspicious Patch System Image execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1601.001 Patch System Image. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1601.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of the Dead) Some network devices are built with a monolithic architecture, where
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1601 Modify System Image. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: Suspicious Traffic Duplication execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1020.001 Traffic Duplication. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised infrastructure. Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some devices, often used for network analysis. For example, devices may be configured to forward network traffic to one or more destinations for analysis by a network analyzer or other monitoring device. (Citation: Cisco Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: Juniper Traffic Mirroring) Adversaries may abuse traffic mirroring to mirror or redirect network traffic through other infrastructure they control. Malicious modifications to network devices to enable traffic redirection may be possible through [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) or [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Many cloud-based environments also support traffic mirroring. For example, AWS Traffic Mirroring, GCP Packet Mirroring, and Azure vTap allow users to define specified instances to collect traffic from and specified targets to send collected traffic to.(Citation: AWS Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: GCP Packet Mirroring)(Citation: Azure Virtual Network TAP) Adversaries may use traffic duplication in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), or [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) depending on the goals and objectives of the adversary.
Near-miss passage: T1020 Automated Exfiltration. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020) When automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7057
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7057. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. otools in Apple Xcode before 7.2 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted mach-o file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7049.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5102. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5094, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5103, CVE-2015-5104, and CVE-2015-5115.
Query: weakness Inaccurate Source Code Comments
Matching passage: CWE-1116 Inaccurate Source Code Comments. The source code contains comments that do not accurately describe or explain aspects of the portion of the code with which the comment is associated.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1177 Use of Prohibited Code. The product uses a function, library, or third party component that has been explicitly prohibited, whether by the developer or the customer.
Query: telemetry for T1574
Matching passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Near-miss passage: T1574.012 COR_PROFILER. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) The COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) Adversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and impair defenses provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)
Query: alert when Detects calls to "SyncInvoke" that is part of the "CL_Invocation.ps1" script to proxy execution using "System.Diagnostic
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects calls to "SyncInvoke" that is part of the "CL_Invocation.ps1" script to proxy execution using "System.Diagnostic. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Process Execution Proxy Via CL_Invocation.ps1 id: a0459f02-ac51-4c09-b511-b8c9203fc429 status: test description: Detects calls to "SyncInvoke" that is part of the "CL_Invocation.ps1" script to proxy execution using "System.Diagnostics.Process" references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Scripts/Cl_invocation/ - https://twitter.com/bohops/status/948061991012327424 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), oscd.community, Natalia Shornikova date: 2020-10-14 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1216 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: 'SyncInvoke ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects logs clearing attempts on Linux systems via utilities such as 'rm', 'rmdir', 'shred', and 'unlink' targeting log. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Linux Logs Clearing Attempts id: 80915f59-9b56-4616-9de0-fd0dea6c12fe status: stable description: 'Detects logs clearing attempts on Linux systems via utilities such as ''rm'', ''rmdir'', ''shred'', and ''unlink'' targeting log files and directories. Adversaries often try to clear logs to cover their tracks after performing malicious activities. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1070.002/T1070.002.md author: Ömer Günal, oscd.community date: 2020-10-07 modified: 2026-03-18 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.006 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /rm - /rmdir - /shred - /unlink CommandLine|contains: - /var/log - /var/spool/mail filter_main_legit_systat: Image|endswith: /rm CommandLine|startswith: rm -f /var/log/sysstat/ filter_main_dmseg: Image|endswith: /rm CommandLine|startswith: rm -f -- /var/log//dmesg condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox before 4.0.34, 4.1.42, 4.2.34, 4.3.32, and 5.0.8, when a VM has the Remote Displ
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4896. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox before 4.0.34, 4.1.42, 4.2.34, 4.3.32, and 5.0.8, when a VM has the Remote Display feature (RDP) enabled, allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Core.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0489. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.2000000476837158. Unspecified vulnerability in the Application Management Pack for Oracle E-Business Suite component in Oracle E-Business Suite AMP 121030 and 121020 allows local users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to EBS Plugin.
Query: risk of The Remote Document Conversion Service (DCS) in IBM WebSphere Portal 6.1.0 through 6.1.0.6 CF27, 6.1.5 through 6.1.5.3 CF27, 7.0.0 through 7.0.0.2 CF29, 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF16, 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1886. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Remote Document Conversion Service (DCS) in IBM WebSphere Portal 6.1.0 through 6.1.0.6 CF27, 6.1.5 through 6.1.5.3 CF27, 7.0.0 through 7.0.0.2 CF29, 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF16, and 8.5.0 through CF05 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via crafted requests.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7972. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The (1) libxl_set_memory_target function in tools/libxl/libxl.c and (2) libxl__build_post function in tools/libxl/libxl_dom.c in Xen 3.4.x through 4.6.x do not properly calculate the balloon size when using the populate-on-demand (PoD) system, which allows local HVM guest users to cause a denial of service (guest crash) via unspecified vectors related to "heavy memory pressure."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2788
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2788. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the ib_fill_isqlda function in dbdimp.c in DBD-Firebird before 1.19 allow remote attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors that trigger an error condition, related to binding octets to columns.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4932. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4931, CVE-2015-4933, CVE-2015-4934, and CVE-2015-4935.
Query: explain CWE-627
Matching passage: CWE-627 Dynamic Variable Evaluation. In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.
Near-miss passage: CWE-705 Incorrect Control Flow Scoping. The product does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4806
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4806. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Libraries.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2109. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Operations Orchestration 10.x allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, and obtain sensitive information or modify data, via unknown vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3753
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3753. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, as used in iOS before 8.4.1 and other products, does not properly perform taint checking for CANVAS elements, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and obtain sensitive image data by leveraging a redirect to a data:image resource.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4033. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Samsung SBeam allows remote attackers to read arbitrary images by leveraging an NFC connection to access the HTTP server on port 15000.
Query: detection rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported users were active from an IP address identified as risky by Microso
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported users were active from an IP address identified as risky by Microso. Logsource: m365 / threat_detection. Rule: title: Activity from Suspicious IP Addresses id: a3501e8e-af9e-43c6-8cd6-9360bdaae498 status: test description: 'Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported users were active from an IP address identified as risky by Microsoft Threat Intelligence. These IP addresses are involved in malicious activities, such as Botnet C&C, and may indicate compromised account. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1573 logsource: service: threat_detection product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Activity from suspicious IP addresses status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of diagcab file, which could be caused by some legitimate installer or is a sign of exploitation (r. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Creation of a Diagcab id: 3d0ed417-3d94-4963-a562-4a92c940656a status: test description: Detects the creation of diagcab file, which could be caused by some legitimate installer or is a sign of exploitation (review the filename and its location) references: - https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1533879688141086720.html author: frack113 date: 2022-06-08 tags: - attack.resource-development logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: .diagcab condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate microsoft diagcab level: medium
Query: exploit jcc.c in Privoxy before 3.0.23 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (abort) via a crafted chunk-encoded body.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1380. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. jcc.c in Privoxy before 3.0.23 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (abort) via a crafted chunk-encoded body.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3805. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted Mach-O file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3802.
Query: alert when Detects when a user manipulates with Firmward Password on MacOS. NOTE - this command has been disabled on silicon-based
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user manipulates with Firmward Password on MacOS. NOTE - this command has been disabled on silicon-based. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious MacOS Firmware Activity id: 7ed2c9f7-c59d-4c82-a7e2-f859aa676099 status: test description: Detects when a user manipulates with Firmward Password on MacOS. NOTE - this command has been disabled on silicon-based apple computers. references: - https://github.com/usnistgov/macos_security/blob/932a51f3e819dd3e02ebfcf3ef433cfffafbe28b/rules/os/os_firmware_password_require.yaml - https://www.manpagez.com/man/8/firmwarepasswd/ - https://support.apple.com/guide/security/firmware-password-protection-sec28382c9ca/web author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-30 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: selection1: Image: /usr/sbin/firmwarepasswd CommandLine|contains: - setpasswd - full - delete - check condition: selection1 falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "IMEWDBLD.exe" to download arbitrary files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Arbitrary File Download Via IMEWDBLD.EXE id: 863218bd-c7d0-4c52-80cd-0a96c09f54af related: - id: 8d7e392e-9b28-49e1-831d-5949c6281228 type: derived status: test description: Detects usage of "IMEWDBLD.exe" to download arbitrary files references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1105/T1105.md#atomic-test-10---windows---powershell-download - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/IMEWDBLD/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \IMEWDBLD.exe - OriginalFileName: imewdbld.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - http:// - https:// condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high