alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit The setBackground function in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6700. CWE: CWE-772. CVSS: 5.0. The setBackground function in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via invalid arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6697, CVE-2015-6699, CVE-2015-6701, CVE-2015-6702, CVE-2015-6703, and CVE-2015-6704.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6704. CWE: CWE-772. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The animations property implementation in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via a function call, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6697, CVE-2015-6699, CVE-2015-6700, CVE-2015-6701, CVE-2015-6702, and CVE-2015-6703.
Query: credential access using OS Credential Dumping
Matching passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Near-miss passage: T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information, including password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. By default, <code>/etc/shadow</code> is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Linux stores user information such as user ID, group ID, home directory path, and login shell in <code>/etc/passwd</code>. A "user" on the system may belong to a person or a service. All password hashes are stored in <code>/etc/shadow</code> - including entries for users with no passwords and users with locked or disabled accounts.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Adversaries may attempt to read or dump the <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> files on Linux systems via command line utilities such as the <code>cat</code> command.(Citation: Arctic Wolf) Additionally, the Linux utility <code>unshadow</code> can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper - for example, via the command <code>/usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db</code>(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper). Since the user information stored in <code>/etc/passwd</code> are linked to the password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>, an adversary would need to have access to both.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Quizzler module before 7-x.1.16 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3376. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Quizzler module before 7-x.1.16 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2043. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Visualware MyConnection Server 8.2b allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) bt, (2) variable, or (3) et parameter to myspeed/db/historyitem.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5324
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5324. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request to queue/api.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8994. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. An issue was discovered in PHP 5.x and 7.x, when the configuration uses apache2handler/mod_php or php-fpm with OpCache enabled. With 5.x after 5.6.28 or 7.x after 7.0.13, the issue is resolved in a non-default configuration with the opcache.validate_permission=1 setting. The vulnerability details are as follows. In PHP SAPIs where PHP interpreters share a common parent process, Zend OpCache creates a shared memory object owned by the common parent during initialization. Child PHP processes inherit the SHM descriptor, using it to cache and retrieve compiled script bytecode ("opcode" in PHP jargon). Cache keys vary depending on configuration, but filename is a central key component, and compiled opcode can generally be run if a script's filename is known or can be guessed. Many common shared-hosting configurations change EUID in child processes to enforce privilege separation among hosted users (for example using mod_ruid2 for the Apache HTTP Server, or php-fpm user settings). In these scenarios, the default Zend OpCache behavior defeats script file permissions by sharing a single SHM cache among all child PHP processes. PHP scripts often contain sensitive information: Think of CMS configurations where reading or running another user's script usually means gaining privileges to the CMS database.
Query: rule covering Detects Silence EmpireDNSAgent as described in the Group-IP report
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Silence EmpireDNSAgent as described in the Group-IP report. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Silence.EDA Detection id: 3ceb2083-a27f-449a-be33-14ec1b7cc973 status: test description: Detects Silence EmpireDNSAgent as described in the Group-IP report references: - https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_2.0.going_global.pdf author: Alina Stepchenkova, Group-IB, oscd.community date: 2019-11-01 modified: 2023-04-03 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 - attack.t1572 - attack.impact - attack.t1529 - attack.g0091 - attack.s0363 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: empire: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - System.Diagnostics.Process - Stop-Computer - Restart-Computer - Exception in execution - $cmdargs - Close-Dnscat2Tunnel dnscat: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - set type=$LookupType`nserver - $Command | nslookup 2>&1 | Out-String - New-RandomDNSField - '[Convert]::ToString($SYNOptions, 16)' - $Session.Dead = $True - $Session["Driver"] -eq condition: empire and dnscat falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects remote thread creation in the "mstsc.exe" process by a process located in a potentially suspicious location. Thi. Logsource: windows / create_remote_thread. Rule: title: Remote Thread Creation In Mstsc.Exe From Suspicious Location id: c0aac16a-b1e7-4330-bab0-3c27bb4987c7 status: test description: 'Detects remote thread creation in the "mstsc.exe" process by a process located in a potentially suspicious location. This technique is often used by attackers in order to hook some APIs used by DLLs loaded by "mstsc.exe" during RDP authentications in order to steal credentials. ' references: - https://github.com/S12cybersecurity/RDPCredentialStealer/blob/1b8947cdd065a06c1b62e80967d3c7af895fcfed/APIHookInjectorBin/APIHookInjectorBin/Inject.h#L25 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-28 modified: 2024-01-22 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: product: windows category: create_remote_thread detection: selection: TargetImage|endswith: \mstsc.exe SourceImage|contains: - :\Temp\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\PerfLogs\ - :\Windows\Tasks\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of The buddypress-activity-plus plugin before 1.6.2 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant directory traversal via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php bpfb_photos[] parameter in a bpfb_remove_
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9455. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The buddypress-activity-plus plugin before 1.6.2 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant directory traversal via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php bpfb_photos[] parameter in a bpfb_remove_temp_images action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4267. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) 1.2(0.793), 1.3(0.876), 1.4(0.109), 2.0(0.147), and 2.0(0.169) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCus09940.
Query: detection rule: Detects the use of the PhoneDeepLink parameter to potentially sideload a DLL file that does not exist. This non-existent
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the PhoneDeepLink parameter to potentially sideload a DLL file that does not exist. This non-existent. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential DLL Sideloading Via DeviceEnroller.EXE id: e173ad47-4388-4012-ae62-bd13f71c18a8 related: - id: ee4c5d06-3abc-48cc-8885-77f1c20f4451 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the use of the PhoneDeepLink parameter to potentially sideload a DLL file that does not exist. This non-existent DLL file is named "ShellChromeAPI.dll". Adversaries can drop their own renamed DLL and execute it via DeviceEnroller.exe using this parameter ' references: - https://mobile.twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1564131230941122561 - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/DeviceEnroller.exe-24BEF0D6B0ECED36BB41831759FDE18D.html author: '@gott_cyber' date: 2022-08-29 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \deviceenroller.exe - OriginalFileName: deviceenroller.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: /PhoneDeepLink condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects BGP failures which may be indicative of brute force attacks to manipulate routing. Logsource: cisco / bgp. Rule: title: Cisco BGP Authentication Failures id: 56fa3cd6-f8d6-4520-a8c7-607292971886 status: test description: Detects BGP failures which may be indicative of brute force attacks to manipulate routing references: - https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-03/bh-us-03-convery-franz-v3.pdf author: Tim Brown date: 2023-01-09 modified: 2023-01-23 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.t1110 - attack.t1557 logsource: product: cisco service: bgp definition: 'Requirements: cisco bgp logs need to be enabled and ingested' detection: keywords_bgp_cisco: '|all': - :179 - IP-TCP-3-BADAUTH condition: keywords_bgp_cisco falsepositives: - Unlikely. Except due to misconfigurations level: low
Query: ATT&CK technique for Credentials from Password Stores
Matching passage: T1555 Credentials from Password Stores. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications and services that store passwords to make them easier for users to manage and maintain, such as password managers and cloud secrets vaults. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.
Near-miss passage: T1555.004 Windows Credential Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker) The Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker. Credential Lockers store credentials in encrypted `.vcrd` files, located under `%Systemdrive%\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\\[Vault/Credentials]\`. The encryption key can be found in a file named <code>Policy.vpol</code>, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault) Adversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may also gather credentials by directly reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Windows APIs, such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code>, may also be absued to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager) Adversaries may also obtain credentials from credential backups. Credential backups and restorations may be performed by running <code>rundll32.exe keymgr.dll KRShowKeyMgr</code> then selecting the “Back up...” button on the “Stored User Names and Pas
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allows remote attackers to list directory contents and read arbitrary files in the Jenkins servlet 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5322. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allows remote attackers to list directory contents and read arbitrary files in the Jenkins servlet resources via directory traversal sequences in a request to jnlpJars/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6003. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Directory traversal vulnerability in QNAP QTS before 4.1.4 build 0910 and 4.2.x before 4.2.0 RC2 build 0910, when AFP is enabled, allows remote attackers to read or write to arbitrary files by leveraging access to an OS X (1) user or (2) guest account.
Query: write Sigma for Detects indicators of a UAC bypass method by mocking directories
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects indicators of a UAC bypass method by mocking directories. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: TrustedPath UAC Bypass Pattern id: 4ac47ed3-44c2-4b1f-9d51-bf46e8914126 related: - id: 0cbe38c0-270c-41d9-ab79-6e5a9a669290 type: similar status: test description: Detects indicators of a UAC bypass method by mocking directories references: - https://medium.com/tenable-techblog/uac-bypass-by-mocking-trusted-directories-24a96675f6e - https://www.wietzebeukema.nl/blog/hijacking-dlls-in-windows - https://github.com/netero1010/TrustedPath-UACBypass-BOF - https://x.com/Wietze/status/1933495426952421843 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-27 modified: 2025-06-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|contains: - C:\Windows \System32\ - C:\Windows \SysWOW64\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Extract data from cab file and hide it in an alternate data stream. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Extrac32 Alternate Data Stream Execution id: 4b13db67-0c45-40f1-aba8-66a1a7198a1e status: test description: Extract data from cab file and hide it in an alternate data stream references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Extrac32/ author: frack113 date: 2021-11-26 modified: 2022-12-30 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - extrac32.exe - .cab CommandLine|re: :[^\\] condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-7032
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7032. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Apple iWork application before 2.6 for iOS, Apple Keynote before 6.6, Apple Pages before 5.6, and Apple Numbers before 3.6 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5016. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.1, 7.5, and 7.6; Maximo Asset Management Essentials 7.1 and 7.5; Control Desk 7.5 and 7.6; Tivoli Asset Management for IT 7.1 and 7.2; and certain other IBM products allow remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary ticket worklog entries via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 106460.
Query: detect Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Recon Activity Using DriverQuery.EXE id: 9fc3072c-dc8f-4bf7-b231-18950000fadd related: - id: a20def93-0709-4eae-9bd2-31206e21e6b2 type: similar status: test description: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/01/09/unwrapping-ursnifs-gifts/ - https://www.vmray.com/cyber-security-blog/analyzing-ursnif-behavior-malware-sandbox/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/saigon-mysterious-ursnif-fork.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-19 modified: 2023-09-29 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: driverquery.exe - OriginalFileName: drvqry.exe selection_parent: - ParentImage|endswith: - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - ParentImage|contains: - \AppData\Local\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage by some scripts might trigger this as well level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_driverquery_recon/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the f. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Obfuscated IEX Invocation id: 4bf943c6-5146-4273-98dd-e958fd1e3abf status: test description: Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the following code block references: - https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation/blob/f20e7f843edd0a3a7716736e9eddfa423395dd26/Out-ObfuscatedStringCommand.ps1#L873-L888 author: Daniel Bohannon (@Mandiant/@FireEye), oscd.community date: 2019-11-08 modified: 2026-03-16 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - CommandLine|re: \$PSHome\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$PSHome\[ - CommandLine|re: \$ShellId\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$ShellId\[ - CommandLine|re: \$env:Public\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$env:Public\[ - CommandLine|re: \$env:ComSpec\[(?:\s*\d{1,3}\s*,){2} - CommandLine|re: \*mdr\*\W\s*\)\.Name - CommandLine|re: \$VerbosePreference\.ToString\( - CommandLine|re: \[String\]\s*\$VerbosePreference condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: write Sigma for Detects when the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) loads the DLL libraries like vbscript, jscript etc which might indic
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) loads the DLL libraries like vbscript, jscript etc which might indic. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: MMC Loading Script Engines DLLs id: a9c73e8b-3b2d-4c45-8ef2-5f9a9c9998ad status: experimental description: 'Detects when the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) loads the DLL libraries like vbscript, jscript etc which might indicate an attempt to execute malicious scripts within a trusted system process for bypassing application whitelisting or defense evasion. ' references: - https://tria.ge/241015-l98snsyeje/behavioral2 - https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/grimresource author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-02-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.005 - attack.t1218.014 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \mmc.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: - \vbscript.dll - \jscript.dll - \jscript9.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate MMC operations or extensions loading these libraries level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where an OpenCanary node has been targeted by a NMAP XMAS Scan. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - NMAP XMAS Scan id: d7553d7b-f485-479c-b192-cdac6edd83a4 status: experimental description: Detects instances where an OpenCanary node has been targeted by a NMAP XMAS Scan references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) date: 2026-01-06 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1046 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 5004 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: explain CWE-253
Matching passage: CWE-253 Incorrect Check of Function Return Value. The product incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents it from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.
Near-miss passage: CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness. The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.