alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Pass the Hash
Matching passage: T1550.002 Pass the Hash. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. When performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems. Adversaries may also use stolen password hashes to "overpass the hash." Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)
Near-miss passage: T1550.004 Web Session Cookie. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) Authentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform. There have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)
Query: vulnerability: arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S in the Linux kernel before 3.19.2 does not prevent the TS_COMPAT flag from reaching a user-mode task, which might allow local users to bypass the seccomp
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2830. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S in the Linux kernel before 3.19.2 does not prevent the TS_COMPAT flag from reaching a user-mode task, which might allow local users to bypass the seccomp or audit protection mechanism via a crafted application that uses the (1) fork or (2) close system call, as demonstrated by an attack against seccomp before 3.16.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1769. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Mount Manager in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 mishandles symlinks, which allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code by connecting a crafted USB device, aka "Mount Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: detect Identifies when a Kubernetes account access a sensitive objects such as configmaps or secrets. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a Kubernetes account access a sensitive objects such as configmaps or secrets.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Kubernetes Secret or Config Object Access id: 7ee0b4aa-d8d4-4088-b661-20efdf41a04c status: test description: Identifies when a Kubernetes account access a sensitive objects such as configmaps or secrets. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations#microsoftkubernetes - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/23/secure-containerized-environments-with-updated-threat-matrix-for-kubernetes/ - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/ - https://medium.com/mitre-engenuity/att-ck-for-containers-now-available-4c2359654bf1 author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-07 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 - attack.t1496 - attack.t1489 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/CONFIGMAPS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/CONFIGMAPS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/SECRETS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/SECRETS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - Sensitive objects may be accessed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. Sensitive objects accessed from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "system" and "permission" flags in order to assign admin permissions. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi Admin Permission Assigned To Account Via ESXCLI id: 9691f58d-92c1-4416-8bf3-2edd753ec9cf status: test description: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "system" and "permission" flags in order to assign admin permissions to an account. references: - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_system.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-09-04 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1059.012 - attack.t1098 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains: system CommandLine|contains|all: - ' permission ' - ' set' - Admin condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: high
Query: detection engineering for Create or Modify System Process
Matching passage: T1543 Create or Modify System Process. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services.(Citation: TechNet Services) On macOS, launchd processes known as [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) are run to finish system initialization and load user specific parameters.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) Adversaries may install new services, daemons, or agents that can be configured to execute at startup or a repeatable interval in order to establish persistence. Similarly, adversaries may modify existing services, daemons, or agents to achieve the same effect. Services, daemons, or agents may be created with administrator privileges but executed under root/SYSTEM privileges. Adversaries may leverage this functionality to create or modify system processes in order to escalate privileges.(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)
Near-miss passage: T1543.005 Container Service. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify container or container cluster management tools that run as daemons, agents, or services on individual hosts. These include software for creating and managing individual containers, such as Docker and Podman, as well as container cluster node-level agents such as kubelet. By modifying these services, an adversary may be able to achieve persistence or escalate their privileges on a host. For example, by using the `docker run` or `podman run` command with the `restart=always` directive, a container can be configured to persistently restart on the host.(Citation: AquaSec TeamTNT 2023) A user with access to the (rootful) docker command may also be able to escalate their privileges on the host.(Citation: GTFOBins Docker) In Kubernetes environments, DaemonSets allow an adversary to persistently [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610)s on all nodes, including ones added later to the cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023)(Citation: Kubernetes DaemonSet) Pods can also be deployed to specific nodes using the `nodeSelector` or `nodeName` fields in the pod spec.(Citation: Kubernetes Assigning Pods to Nodes)(Citation: AppSecco Kubernetes Namespace Breakout 2020) Note that containers can also be configured to run as [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002)s.(Citation: Podman Systemd)(Citation: Docker Systemd)
Query: CWE for Path Traversal: '...' (Triple Dot)
Matching passage: CWE-32 Path Traversal: '...' (Triple Dot). The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Near-miss passage: CWE-416 Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0488
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0488. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and JRockit R28.3.5, allows remote attackers to affect availability via vectors related to JSSE.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6012. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Web Reference Database (aka refbase) through 0.9.6 and bleeding-edge before 2015-01-08 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the referrer parameter.
Query: detection engineering for OS Credential Dumping
Matching passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Near-miss passage: T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access. A number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques: * pwdumpx.exe * [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) * [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) * secretsdump.py Alternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg: * <code>reg save HKLM\sam sam</code> * <code>reg save HKLM\system system</code> Creddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7) Notes: * RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator. * RID 501 is the guest account. * User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3158
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3158. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. The invokeNextValve function in identity/federation/bindings/tomcat/idp/AbstractIDPValve.java in PicketLink before 2.8.0.Beta1 does not properly check role based authorization, which allows remote authenticated users to gain access to restricted application resources via a (1) direct request or (2) request through an SP initiated flow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1643. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "NtCreateTransactionManager Type Confusion Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in HP StoreOnce Backup system software before 3.13.1 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of unspecified v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5445. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in HP StoreOnce Backup system software before 3.13.1 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5483. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Private Only plugin 3.5.1 for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) add users, (2) delete posts, or (3) modify PHP files via unspecified vectors, or (4) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the po_logo parameter in the privateonly.php page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects UAC bypass method using Windows event viewer
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects UAC bypass method using Windows event viewer. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: UAC Bypass via Event Viewer id: 7c81fec3-1c1d-43b0-996a-46753041b1b6 status: test description: Detects UAC bypass method using Windows event viewer references: - https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/ - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/e122bc8bf291f15cab182a5d2d27b8db1e7019e4e96bb5cdbd1dfe7446f3f51f?environmentId=100 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-19 modified: 2023-09-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 - car.2019-04-001 logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \mscfile\shell\open\command condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "network" flag in order to retrieve information about the network con. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi Network Configuration Discovery Via ESXCLI id: 33e814e0-1f00-4e43-9c34-31fb7ae2b174 status: test description: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "network" flag in order to retrieve information about the network configuration. references: - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hypervisor-jackpotting-ecrime-actors-increase-targeting-of-esxi-servers/ - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_network.html author: Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-09-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.t1033 - attack.t1007 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains: network selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' get' - ' list' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: command and control using Dead Drop Resolver
Matching passage: T1102.001 Dead Drop Resolver. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to host information that points to additional command and control (C2) infrastructure. Adversaries may post content, known as a dead drop resolver, on Web services with embedded (and often obfuscated/encoded) domains or IP addresses. Once infected, victims will reach out to and be redirected by these resolvers. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. Use of a dead drop resolver may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).
Near-miss passage: T1102.002 Bidirectional Communication. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output from those commands back over that Web service channel. The return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on the Web service being utilized. For example, the return traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by sending a Tweet. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Query: vulnerability: The Windows Registry Virtualization feature in the kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0073. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Windows Registry Virtualization feature in the kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly restrict changes to virtual stores, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Registry Virtualization Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3335. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. The NaClSandbox::InitializeLayerTwoSandbox function in components/nacl/loader/sandbox_linux/nacl_sandbox_linux.cc in Google Chrome before 42.0.2311.90 does not have RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA limits for Native Client (aka NaCl) processes, which might make it easier for remote attackers to conduct row-hammer attacks or have unspecified other impact by leveraging the ability to run a crafted program in the NaCl sandbox.
Query: rule covering Detects findstring commands that include the keyword lsass, which indicates recon actviity for the LSASS process PID
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects findstring commands that include the keyword lsass, which indicates recon actviity for the LSASS process PID. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: LSASS Process Reconnaissance Via Findstr.EXE id: fe63010f-8823-4864-a96b-a7b4a0f7b929 status: test description: Detects findstring commands that include the keyword lsass, which indicates recon actviity for the LSASS process PID references: - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/08/recent-cyber-attack.html?m=1 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-12 modified: 2024-06-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.006 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_findstr_img: - Image|endswith: - \find.exe - \findstr.exe - OriginalFileName: - FIND.EXE - FINDSTR.EXE selection_findstr_cli: CommandLine|contains: lsass selection_special: CommandLine|contains|windash: - ' /i "lsass' - ' /i lsass.exe' - findstr "lsass - findstr lsass - findstr.exe "lsass - findstr.exe lsass condition: all of selection_findstr_* or selection_special falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_findstr_lsass/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" by privileged accounts that are often abused by threat actors. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Whoami.EXE Execution From Privileged Process id: 79ce34ca-af29-4d0e-b832-fc1b377020db related: - id: 80167ada-7a12-41ed-b8e9-aa47195c66a1 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" by privileged accounts that are often abused by threat actors references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-privilege-escalation-in-windows-environment - https://web.archive.org/web/20221019044836/https://nsudo.m2team.org/en-us/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Teymur Kheirkhabarov date: 2022-01-28 modified: 2023-12-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: whoami.exe - Image|endswith: \whoami.exe selection_user: User|contains: - AUTHORI - AUTORI - TrustedInstaller condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit CA Release Automation (formerly LISA Release Automation) 5.0.2 before 5.0.2-227, 5.5.1 before 5.5.1-1616, 5.5.2 before 5.5.2-434, and 6.1.0 before 6.1.0-1026 allows remote attacker
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8698. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. CA Release Automation (formerly LISA Release Automation) 5.0.2 before 5.0.2-227, 5.5.1 before 5.5.1-1616, 5.5.2 before 5.5.2-434, and 6.1.0 before 6.1.0-1026 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service via a request containing an XML external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4866. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.23 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : InnoDB.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5456
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5456. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the form method in modules/formclass.php in PivotX before 2.3.11 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the PATH_INFO, related to the "PHP_SELF" variable and form actions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1180. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Web Reports in EventSentry 3.1.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the pageId parameter to networktile/bullet.