alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service to an ASP.NET web site via crafted requests, aka "MVC Denial of Service Vul
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2526. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.0. Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service to an ASP.NET web site via crafted requests, aka "MVC Denial of Service Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4620. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. name.c in named in ISC BIND 9.7.x through 9.9.x before 9.9.7-P1 and 9.10.x before 9.10.2-P2, when configured as a recursive resolver with DNSSEC validation, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon exit) by constructing crafted zone data and then making a query for a name in that zone.
Query: vulnerability: Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted multi-architecture executable file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3803. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted multi-architecture executable file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0635. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.0. The Autonomic Networking Infrastructure (ANI) implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.2, 15.3, and 15.4 and IOS XE 3.10.xS through 3.13.xS before 3.13.1S allows remote attackers to spoof Autonomic Networking Registration Authority (ANRA) responses, and consequently bypass intended device and node access restrictions or cause a denial of service (disrupted domain access), via crafted AN messages, aka Bug ID CSCup62191.
Query: incident response steps for EDR alert: possible SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking (T1553.003)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1553.003 SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1553.003. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Micr
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1553.004 Install Root Certificate. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2774
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2774. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. Erlang/OTP before 18.0-rc1 does not properly check CBC padding bytes when terminating connections, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain cleartext data via a padding-oracle attack, a variant of CVE-2014-3566 (aka POODLE).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2855. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 does not set the secure flag for the administrator's cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4138.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1704
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1704. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1703.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1496. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Motorola Scanner SDK uses weak permissions for (1) CoreScanner.exe, (2) rsmdriverproviderservice.exe, and (3) ScannerService.exe, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6623
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6623. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Wi-Fi in Android 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24872703.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4331. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.5. Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) 1.4(0.45) and earlier, when AAA authentication is used, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via a username with a modified composition of lowercase and uppercase characters, aka Bug ID CSum59958.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4091
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4091. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver AS Java 7.4 allows remote attackers to send TCP requests to intranet servers or possibly have unspecified other impact via an XML request to tc~sld~wd~main/Main, related to "CIM UPLOAD," aka SAP Security Note 2090851.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8063. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: campaign using Credential API Hooking
Matching passage: T1056.004 Credential API Hooking. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions and Linux system functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API or function calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. In Windows, hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via: * **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) * **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015) * **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015) In Linux and macOS, adversaries may hook into system functions via the `LD_PRELOAD` (Linux) or `DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES` (macOS) environment variables, which enables loading shared libraries into a program’s address space. For example, an adversary may capture credentials by hooking into the `libc read` function leveraged by SSH or SCP.(Citation: Intezer Symbiote 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1056.003 Web Portal Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service. This variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)
Query: detection rule: HxTsr.exe is a Microsoft compressed executable file called Microsoft Outlook Communications. HxTsr.exe is part of Outloo
Matching passage: Sigma rule: HxTsr.exe is a Microsoft compressed executable file called Microsoft Outlook Communications. HxTsr.exe is part of Outloo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Fake Instance Of Hxtsr.EXE Executed id: 4e762605-34a8-406d-b72e-c1a089313320 status: test description: 'HxTsr.exe is a Microsoft compressed executable file called Microsoft Outlook Communications. HxTsr.exe is part of Outlook apps, because it resides in a hidden "WindowsApps" subfolder of "C:\Program Files". Any instances of hxtsr.exe not in this folder may be malware camouflaging itself as HxTsr.exe ' references: - Internal Research author: Sreeman date: 2020-04-17 modified: 2024-02-08 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: \hxtsr.exe filter_main_hxtsr: Image|contains: :\program files\windowsapps\microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_ Image|endswith: \hxtsr.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing comm. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Suspicious Outbound SMTP Connections id: 9976fa64-2804-423c-8a5b-646ade840773 status: test description: 'Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1048.003/T1048.003.md#atomic-test-5---exfiltration-over-alternative-protocol---smtp - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt author: frack113 date: 2022-01-07 modified: 2022-09-21 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048.003 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: DestinationPort: - 25 - 587 - 465 - 2525 Initiated: 'true' filter_clients: Image|endswith: - \thunderbird.exe - \outlook.exe filter_mailserver: Image|startswith: C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\ filter_outlook: Image|startswith: C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_ Image|endswith: \HxTsr.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Other SMTP tools level: medium
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6830
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6830. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. libraries/plugins/auth/AuthenticationCookie.class.php in phpMyAdmin 4.3.x before 4.3.13.2 and 4.4.x before 4.4.14.1 allows remote attackers to bypass a multiple-reCaptcha protection mechanism against brute-force credential guessing by providing a correct response to a single reCaptcha.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7935. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. Motorola Solutions MOSCAD IP Gateway allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Query: indicators of Container Administration Command
Matching passage: T1609 Container Administration Command. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet) In Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as <code>docker exec</code> to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as <code>kubectl exec</code>.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)
Near-miss passage: T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary code execution. Oftentimes the most valuable exploits to an offensive toolkit are those that can be used to obtain code execution on a remote system because they can be used to gain access to that system. Users will expect to see files related to the applications they commonly used to do work, so they are a useful target for exploit research and development because of their high utility. Several types exist: ### Browser-based Exploitation Web browsers are a common target through [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) and [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Endpoint systems may be compromised through normal web browsing or from certain users being targeted by links in spearphishing emails to adversary controlled sites used to exploit the web browser. These often do not require an action by the user for the exploit to be executed. ### Office Applications Common office and productivity applications such as Microsoft Office are also targeted through [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Malicious files will be transmitted directly as attachments or through links to download them. These require the user to open the document or file for the exploit to run. ### Common Third-party Applications Other applications that are commonly seen or are part of the software deployed in a target network may also be used for exploitation. Applications such as Adobe Reader and Flash, which are common in enterprise environments, have been routinely targeted by adversaries attempting to gain access to systems. Depending on the software and nature of the vulnerability, some may be exploited in the browser
Query: secure coding against Unprotected Transport of Credentials
Matching passage: CWE-523 Unprotected Transport of Credentials. Login pages do not use adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1108 Excessive Reliance on Global Variables. The code is structured in a way that relies too much on using or setting global variables throughout various points in the code, instead of preserving the associated information in a narrower, more local context.
Query: collection using GUI Input Capture
Matching passage: T1056.002 GUI Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)). Adversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) On Linux systems adversaries may launch dialog boxes prompting users for credentials from malicious shell scripts or the command line (i.e. [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)).(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) Adversaries may also mimic common software authentication requests, such as those from browsers or email clients. This may also be paired with user activity monitoring (i.e., [Browser Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217) and/or [Application Window Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010)) to spoof prompts when users are naturally accessing sensitive sites/data.
Near-miss passage: T1056 Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).
Query: vulnerability: IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.x before 7.0.0.39, 8.0.x before 8.0.0.11, and 8.5.x before 8.5.5.7 allows remote attackers to spoof servlets and obtain sensitive information via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4938. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.x before 7.0.0.39, 8.0.x before 8.0.0.11, and 8.5.x before 8.5.5.7 allows remote attackers to spoof servlets and obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1853. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. chrony before 1.31.1 does not properly protect state variables in authenticated symmetric NTP associations, which allows remote attackers with knowledge of NTP peering to cause a denial of service (inability to synchronize) via random timestamps in crafted NTP data packets.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5239
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5239. CWE: CWE-835. CVSS: 6.5. Integer overflow in the VNC display driver in QEMU before 2.1.0 allows attachers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a CLIENT_CUT_TEXT message, which triggers an infinite loop.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7850. CWE: CWE-835. CVSS: 6.5. ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (infinite loop or crash) by pointing the key file at the log file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2609
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2609. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to CPU performance counters drivers.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4900. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the XDB - XML Database component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors.
Query: alert when Detects usage of Gpg4win to decrypt files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Gpg4win to decrypt files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Decryption Using Gpg4win id: 037dcd71-33a8-4392-bb01-293c94663e5a status: test description: Detects usage of Gpg4win to decrypt files references: - https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2022/11/batloader-the-evasive-downloader-malware.html - https://www.gpg4win.de/documentation.html - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2022/01/19/zloader-installs-remote-access-backdoors-and-delivers-cobalt-strike/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-09 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_metadata: - Image|endswith: - \gpg.exe - \gpg2.exe - Description: GnuPG’s OpenPGP tool selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -d ' - passphrase condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "goopdate.dll", a DLL used by googleupdate.exe. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential Goopdate.DLL Sideloading id: b6188d2f-b3c4-4d2c-a17d-9706e0851af0 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "goopdate.dll", a DLL used by googleupdate.exe references: - https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/static-assets/documents/malware-analysis-reports/goofy-guineapig/NCSC-MAR-Goofy-Guineapig.pdf author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-15 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \goopdate.dll filter_main_generic: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ filter_optional_dropbox_installer_temp: Image|contains|all: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - .tmp\Dropbox ImageLoaded|contains|all: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - .tmp\goopdate.dll filter_optional_googleupdate_temp: Image|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - :\Windows\SystemTemp\GUM Image|endswith: .tmp\GoogleUpdate.exe ImageLoaded|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - :\Windows\SystemTemp\GUM condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - False positives are expected from Google Chrome installations running from user locations (AppData) and other custom locations. Apply additional filters accordingly. - Other third party chromium browsers located in AppData level: medium
Query: risk of The DiskImages subsystem in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information for the kernel via a crafted app.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3690. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The DiskImages subsystem in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information for the kernel via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3293. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. FortiMail 5.0.3 through 5.2.3 allows remote administrators to obtain credentials via the "diag debug application httpd" command.