alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Powershell as a child of the WmiPrvSE process. Which could be a sign of lateral movement via WMI.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential WMI Lateral Movement WmiPrvSE Spawned PowerShell id: 692f0bec-83ba-4d04-af7e-e884a96059b6 related: - id: 8a582fe2-0882-4b89-a82a-da6b2dc32937 type: similar - id: d21374ff-f574-44a7-9998-4a8c8bf33d7d type: similar status: stable description: Detects Powershell as a child of the WmiPrvSE process. Which could be a sign of lateral movement via WMI. references: - https://any.run/report/68bc255f9b0db6a0d30a8f2dadfbee3256acfe12497bf93943bc1eab0735e45e/a2385d6f-34f7-403c-90d3-b1f9d2a90a5e author: Markus Neis @Karneades date: 2019-04-03 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \WmiPrvSE.exe selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - AppvClient - CCM - WinRM level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects SILENTTRINITY stager dll loading activity. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: HackTool - SILENTTRINITY Stager DLL Load id: 75c505b1-711d-4f68-a357-8c3fe37dbf2d related: - id: 03552375-cc2c-4883-bbe4-7958d5a980be type: derived status: test description: Detects SILENTTRINITY stager dll loading activity references: - https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY author: Aleksey Potapov, oscd.community date: 2019-10-22 modified: 2023-02-17 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Description|contains: st2stager condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8452. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3417. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the ff_h264_free_tables function in libavcodec/h264.c in FFmpeg before 2.3.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted H.264 data in an MP4 file, as demonstrated by an HTML VIDEO element that references H.264 data.
Query: exploit libxl in Xen 4.1.x through 4.6.x does not properly handle the readonly flag on disks when using the qemu-xen device model, which allows local guest users to write to a read-only di
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7311. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 3.5999999046325684. libxl in Xen 4.1.x through 4.6.x does not properly handle the readonly flag on disks when using the qemu-xen device model, which allows local guest users to write to a read-only disk image.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6818. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. The decode_ihdr_chunk function in libavcodec/pngdec.c in FFmpeg before 2.7.2 does not enforce uniqueness of the IHDR (aka image header) chunk in a PNG image, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted image with two or more of these chunks.
Query: detection rule: Detect malicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect malicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Modify Group Policy Settings id: ada4b0c4-758b-46ac-9033-9004613a150d related: - id: b7216a7d-687e-4c8d-82b1-3080b2ad961f type: similar status: test description: Detect malicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1484.001/T1484.001.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-19 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1484.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_reg: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_path: CommandLine|contains: \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System selection_key: CommandLine|contains: - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeDC - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeOffsetDC - GroupPolicyRefreshTime - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeOffset - EnableSmartScreen - ShellSmartScreenLevel condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Security Compliance Center reported a user who exceeded sending limits of the service policies and becaus. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Microsoft 365 - User Restricted from Sending Email id: ff246f56-7f24-402a-baca-b86540e3925c status: test description: Detects when a Security Compliance Center reported a user who exceeded sending limits of the service policies and because of this has been restricted from sending email. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: austinsonger date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1199 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: User restricted from sending email status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted app, a different vulner
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7043. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted app, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7040, CVE-2015-7041, and CVE-2015-7042.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4813. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox prior to 4.0.34, 4.1.42, 4.2.34, 4.3.32, and 5.0.8, when using a Windows guest, allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Core.
Query: how to detect Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium
Matching passage: T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access or proximity, and the connection might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Near-miss passage: T1011.001 Exfiltration Over Bluetooth. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and proximity. Bluetooth connections might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by triggering attempted use of a data
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7210. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by triggering attempted use of a data channel that has been closed by a WebRTC function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2598. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the mobile app in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition in Oracle Fusion Middleware before 11.1.1.7.0 (11.6.39) allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Mobile - iPad.
Query: write Sigma for Detects WRITE_DAC access to a domain object
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects WRITE_DAC access to a domain object. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: AD Object WriteDAC Access id: 028c7842-4243-41cd-be6f-12f3cf1a26c7 status: test description: Detects WRITE_DAC access to a domain object references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/180815-ADObjectAccessReplication/notebook.html - https://threathunterplaybook.com/library/windows/active_directory_replication.html - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190101-ADModDirectoryReplication/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-09-12 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1222.001 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4662 ObjectServer: DS AccessMask: '0x40000' ObjectType: - 19195a5b-6da0-11d0-afd3-00c04fd930c9 - domainDNS condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Password Reset By User Account id: 340ee172-4b67-4fb4-832f-f961bdc1f3aa status: test description: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts author: YochanaHenderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-03 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.credential-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: Category: UserManagement Status: Success Initiatedby: UPN filter: Target|contains: UPN ActivityType|contains: Password reset condition: selection and filter falsepositives: - If this was approved by System Administrator or confirmed user action. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Fortinet FortiClient 5.2.028 for iOS does not validate certificates, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL VPN servers via a crafted certificate.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1569. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Fortinet FortiClient 5.2.028 for iOS does not validate certificates, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL VPN servers via a crafted certificate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2902. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. HP ArcSight SmartConnectors before 7.1.6 do not verify X.509 certificates from Logger devices, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof devices and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2922
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2922. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The ndisc_router_discovery function in net/ipv6/ndisc.c in the Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol implementation in the IPv6 stack in the Linux kernel before 3.19.6 allows remote attackers to reconfigure a hop-limit setting via a small hop_limit value in a Router Advertisement (RA) message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4943. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere MQ Light 1.x before 1.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (MQXR service crash) via a series of connect and disconnect actions, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4942.
Query: rule covering Collect pertinent data from the configuration files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Collect pertinent data from the configuration files. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Collect Data id: cd072b25-a418-4f98-8ebc-5093fb38fe1a status: test description: Collect pertinent data from the configuration files references: - https://blog.router-switch.com/2013/11/show-running-config/ - https://www.cisco.com/E-Learning/bulk/public/tac/cim/cib/using_cisco_ios_software/cmdrefs/show_startup-config.htm - https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/config-mgmt/configuration/15-sy/config-mgmt-15-sy-book/cm-config-diff.html author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-11 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1087.001 - attack.t1552.001 - attack.t1005 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - show running-config - show startup-config - show archive config - more condition: keywords falsepositives: - Commonly run by administrators level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of a registry key created during Azorult execution. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Registry Entries For Azorult Malware id: f7f9ab88-7557-4a69-b30e-0a8f91b3a0e7 status: test description: Detects the presence of a registry key created during Azorult execution references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/trojan.win32.azoruit.a author: Trent Liffick date: 2020-05-08 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: product: windows category: registry_event detection: selection: EventID: - 12 - 13 TargetObject|contains: SYSTEM\ TargetObject|endswith: \services\localNETService condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Query: detect Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell Local Email Collection id: 2837e152-93c8-43d2-85ba-c3cd3c2ae614 status: test description: 'Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a users local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1114.001/T1114.001.md author: frack113 date: 2021-07-21 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1114.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - Get-Inbox.ps1 - Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook - Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.olDefaultFolders - -comobject outlook.application condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects WinRAR creating files in Windows startup locations, which may indicate an attempt to establish persistence by ad. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: WinRAR Creating Files in Startup Locations id: 74a2b37d-fea4-41e0-9ac7-c9fbcf1f60cc status: experimental description: 'Detects WinRAR creating files in Windows startup locations, which may indicate an attempt to establish persistence by adding malicious files to the Startup folder. This kind of behaviour has been associated with exploitation of WinRAR path traversal vulnerability CVE-2025-6218 or CVE-2025-8088. ' references: - https://github.com/mulwareX/CVE-2025-6218-POC - https://x.com/0x534c/status/1944694507787710685 - https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/update-winrar-tools-now-romcom-and-others-exploiting-zero-day-vulnerability/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-07-16 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \WinRAR.exe - \Rar.exe TargetFilename|contains: \Start Menu\Programs\Startup\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: mitigate AppInit DLLs
Matching passage: T1546.010 AppInit DLLs. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. The AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)
Near-miss passage: T1546.017 Udev Rules. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may maintain persistence through executing malicious content triggered using udev rules. Udev is the Linux kernel device manager that dynamically manages device nodes, handles access to pseudo-device files in the `/dev` directory, and responds to hardware events, such as when external devices like hard drives or keyboards are plugged in or removed. Udev uses rule files with `match keys` to specify the conditions a hardware event must meet and `action keys` to define the actions that should follow. Root permissions are required to create, modify, or delete rule files located in `/etc/udev/rules.d/`, `/run/udev/rules.d/`, `/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/`, `/usr/local/lib/udev/rules.d/`, and `/lib/udev/rules.d/`. Rule priority is determined by both directory and by the digit prefix in the rule filename.(Citation: Ignacio Udev research 2024)(Citation: Elastic Linux Persistence 2024) Adversaries may abuse the udev subsystem by adding or modifying rules in udev rule files to execute malicious content. For example, an adversary may configure a rule to execute their binary each time the pseudo-device file, such as `/dev/random`, is accessed by an application. Although udev is limited to running short tasks and is restricted by systemd-udevd's sandbox (blocking network and filesystem access), attackers may use scripting commands under the action key `RUN+=` to detach and run the malicious content’s process in the background to bypass these controls.(Citation: Reichert aon sedexp 2024)
Query: vulnerability: The Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows R
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6104. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted embedded font, aka "Windows Graphics Memory Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6103.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2530. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Windows Journal in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .jnt file, aka "Windows Journal RCE Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2513 and CVE-2015-2514.
Query: rule covering Detects a suspicious process command line that uses whoami as first parameter (as e.g. used by EfsPotato)
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious process command line that uses whoami as first parameter (as e.g. used by EfsPotato). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: WhoAmI as Parameter id: e9142d84-fbe0-401d-ac50-3e519fb00c89 status: test description: Detects a suspicious process command line that uses whoami as first parameter (as e.g. used by EfsPotato) references: - https://twitter.com/blackarrowsec/status/1463805700602224645?s=12 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-11-29 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 - car.2016-03-001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: .exe whoami condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious Microsoft desktopimgdownldr execution with parameters used to download files from the Internet. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Desktopimgdownldr Command id: bb58aa4a-b80b-415a-a2c0-2f65a4c81009 status: test description: Detects a suspicious Microsoft desktopimgdownldr execution with parameters used to download files from the Internet references: - https://labs.sentinelone.com/living-off-windows-land-a-new-native-file-downldr/ - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1278977301745741825 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-07-03 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains: ' /lockscreenurl:' selection1_filter: CommandLine|contains: - .jpg - .jpeg - .png selection_reg: CommandLine|contains|all: - reg delete - \PersonalizationCSP condition: ( selection1 and not selection1_filter ) or selection_reg falsepositives: - False positives depend on scripts and administrative tools used in the monitored environment level: high
Query: vulnerability: The usbvision driver in the Linux kernel package 3.10.0-123.20.1.el7 through 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.1 allows physically proximate attackers to cau
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7833. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The usbvision driver in the Linux kernel package 3.10.0-123.20.1.el7 through 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.1 allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (panic) via a nonzero bInterfaceNumber value in a USB device descriptor.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0287. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.0. The ASN1_item_ex_d2i function in crypto/asn1/tasn_dec.c in OpenSSL before 0.9.8zf, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0r, 1.0.1 before 1.0.1m, and 1.0.2 before 1.0.2a does not reinitialize CHOICE and ADB data structures, which might allow attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write operation and memory corruption) by leveraging an application that relies on ASN.1 structure reuse.