alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0503
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0503. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.23 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Partition.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2591. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal - Interaction Hub component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 9.1.00 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Enterprise Portal.
Query: what is T1548
Matching passage: T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk.(Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)(Citation: sudo man page 2018) An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Fortinet Fareit)
Near-miss passage: T1548.005 Temporary Elevated Cloud Access. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse permission configurations that allow them to gain temporarily elevated access to cloud resources. Many cloud environments allow administrators to grant user or service accounts permission to request just-in-time access to roles, impersonate other accounts, pass roles onto resources and services, or otherwise gain short-term access to a set of privileges that may be distinct from their own. Just-in-time access is a mechanism for granting additional roles to cloud accounts in a granular, temporary manner. This allows accounts to operate with only the permissions they need on a daily basis, and to request additional permissions as necessary. Sometimes just-in-time access requests are configured to require manual approval, while other times the desired permissions are automatically granted.(Citation: Azure Just in Time Access 2023) Account impersonation allows user or service accounts to temporarily act with the permissions of another account. For example, in GCP users with the `iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator` role can create temporary access tokens or sign arbitrary payloads with the permissions of a service account, while service accounts with domain-wide delegation permission are permitted to impersonate Google Workspace accounts.(Citation: Google Cloud Service Account Authentication Roles)(Citation: Hunters Domain Wide Delegation Google Workspace 2023)(Citation: Google Cloud Just in Time Access 2023)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Google Workspace Domain Wide Delegation 2023) In Exchange Online, the `ApplicationImpersonation` role allows a service account to use the permissions associated with specified user accounts.(Citation: Microsoft Impersonation and EWS in Exchange) Many cloud environments also include mechanisms for users to pass roles to resources that allow them to perform tasks and authenticate to other services. While the user that creates the resource does not directly assume the role they pass to it, they may still be able to take adv
Query: rule covering Detects execution of Remote Utilities RAT (RURAT) from an unusual location (outside of 'C:\Program Files')
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Remote Utilities RAT (RURAT) from an unusual location (outside of 'C:\Program Files'). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - RURAT Execution From Unusual Location id: e01fa958-6893-41d4-ae03-182477c5e77d status: test description: Detects execution of Remote Utilities RAT (RURAT) from an unusual location (outside of 'C:\Program Files') references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/misbehaving-rats/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-19 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: - \rutserv.exe - \rfusclient.exe - Product: Remote Utilities filter: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\Remote Utilities - C:\Program Files (x86)\Remote Utilities condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects default install commands of the Triple Cross eBPF rootkit based on the "deployer.sh" script. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Triple Cross eBPF Rootkit Install Commands id: 22236d75-d5a0-4287-bf06-c93b1770860f status: test description: Detects default install commands of the Triple Cross eBPF rootkit based on the "deployer.sh" script references: - https://github.com/h3xduck/TripleCross/blob/1f1c3e0958af8ad9f6ebe10ab442e75de33e91de/apps/deployer.sh author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1014 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /sudo CommandLine|contains|all: - ' tc ' - ' enp0s3 ' CommandLine|contains: - ' qdisc ' - ' filter ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2049
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2049. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.0. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in D-Link DCS-931L with firmware 1.04 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4747. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Event Processing component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to CEP system.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Enterprise Manager Base Platform component in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control 12.1.0.4 and 12.1.0.5 allows remote attackers to affect confid
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4859. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Enterprise Manager Base Platform component in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control 12.1.0.4 and 12.1.0.5 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Agent Next Gen.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3417. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the ff_h264_free_tables function in libavcodec/h264.c in FFmpeg before 2.3.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted H.264 data in an MP4 file, as demonstrated by an HTML VIDEO element that references H.264 data.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1762
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1762. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SP3 and SP4, 2008 R2 SP2 and SP3, 2012 SP1 and SP2, and 2014, when transactional replication is configured, does not prevent use of uninitialized memory in unspecified function calls, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by leveraging certain permissions and making a crafted query, as demonstrated by the VIEW SERVER STATE permission, aka "SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5841. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 5.0. The CFNetwork Proxies component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly handle a Set-Cookie header within a response to an HTTP CONNECT request, which allows remote proxy servers to conduct cookie-injection attacks via a crafted response.
Query: risk of The authentication implementation in the RPC subsystem in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Window
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2370. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The authentication implementation in the RPC subsystem in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not prevent DCE/RPC connection reflection, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows RPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2686. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. net/socket.c in the Linux kernel 3.19 before 3.19.3 does not validate certain range data for (1) sendto and (2) recvfrom system calls, which allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging a subsystem that uses the copy_from_iter function in the iov_iter interface, as demonstrated by the Bluetooth subsystem.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5763
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5763. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. ntfs in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1572. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Heap-based buffer overflow in closefs.c in the libext2fs library in e2fsprogs before 1.42.12 allows local users to execute arbitrary code by causing a crafted block group descriptor to be marked as dirty. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-0247.
Query: alert when Detects the change of database master password. It may be a part of data exfiltration.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the change of database master password. It may be a part of data exfiltration.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS RDS Master Password Change id: 8a63cdd4-6207-414a-85bc-7e032bd3c1a2 status: test description: Detects the change of database master password. It may be a part of data exfiltration. references: - https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu/blob/866376cd711666c775bbfcde0524c817f2c5b181/pacu/modules/rds__explore_snapshots/main.py author: faloker date: 2020-02-12 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1020 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection_source: eventSource: rds.amazonaws.com responseElements.pendingModifiedValues.masterUserPassword|contains: '*' eventName: ModifyDBInstance condition: selection_source falsepositives: - Benign changes to a db instance level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64. This can be abused by threat actors. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Encoded To Base64 Via Certutil.EXE id: e62a9f0c-ca1e-46b2-85d5-a6da77f86d1a status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64. This can be abused by threat actors and attackers for data exfiltration references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/ - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Certutil/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-02-24 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: -encode condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - As this is a general purpose rule, legitimate usage of the encode functionality will trigger some false positives. Apply additional filters accordingly level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_encode/info.yml
Query: exploit IOKit in the kernel in Apple iOS before 9 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app, a d
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5845. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. IOKit in the kernel in Apple iOS before 9 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5844 and CVE-2015-5846.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8865. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. The file_check_mem function in funcs.c in file before 5.23, as used in the Fileinfo component in PHP before 5.5.34, 5.6.x before 5.6.20, and 7.x before 7.0.5, mishandles continuation-level jumps, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted magic file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5854
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5854. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The backup implementation in Time Machine in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain access to keychain items via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1027. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The version checking subroutine in percona-toolkit before 2.2.13 and xtrabackup before 2.2.9 was vulnerable to silent HTTP downgrade attacks and Man In The Middle attacks in which the server response could be modified to allow the attacker to respond with modified command payload and have the client return additional running configuration information leading to an information disclosure of running configuration of MySQL.
Query: vulnerability: The RESTful module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal does not properly cache pages of authenticated users when using non-cookie authentication providers, which allows remote attack
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7228. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The RESTful module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal does not properly cache pages of authenticated users when using non-cookie authentication providers, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5652. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Untrusted search path vulnerability in python.exe in Python through 3.5.0 on Windows allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse readline.pyd file in the current working directory. NOTE: the vendor says "It was determined that this is a longtime behavior of Python that cannot really be altered at this point."
Query: SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with Valid Accounts
Matching passage: T1078 Valid Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence. In some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts: for example, those belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. Using these accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on their account.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare) The overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)
Near-miss passage: T1078.003 Local Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. Local Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Database Vault component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unkno
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4921. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Database Vault component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3054. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3053, CVE-2015-3055, CVE-2015-3059, and CVE-2015-3075.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Mavinject
Matching passage: T1218.013 Mavinject. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citation: LOLBAS Mavinject) Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to inject malicious DLLs into running processes (i.e. [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001)), allowing for arbitrary code execution (ex. <code>C:\Windows\system32\mavinject.exe PID /INJECTRUNNING PATH_DLL</code>).(Citation: ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution)(Citation: Reaqta Mavinject) Since mavinject.exe may be digitally signed by Microsoft, proxying execution via this method may evade detection by security products because the execution is masked under a legitimate process. In addition to [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001), Mavinject.exe can also be abused to perform import descriptor injection via its <code>/HMODULE</code> command-line parameter (ex. <code>mavinject.exe PID /HMODULE=BASE_ADDRESS PATH_DLL ORDINAL_NUMBER</code>). This command would inject an import table entry consisting of the specified DLL into the module at the given base address.(Citation: Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed)
Near-miss passage: T1218.010 Regsvr32. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32) Malicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a "Squiblydoo" and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov) Regsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonews module before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "administer taxonomy
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3369. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonews module before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "administer taxonomy" permission to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a term name in a block.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0766. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the administrative web interface in the Management Center component in Cisco FireSIGHT System Software 6.0.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified fields, aka Bug IDs CSCus93566, CSCut31557, and CSCut47196.
Query: vulnerability: Samsung 850 Pro and PM851 solid-state drives and Seagate ST500LT015 and ST500LT025 hard disk drives, when used on Windows and operating in Opal mode on Lenovo ThinkPad T440s laptop
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7268. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.199999809265137. Samsung 850 Pro and PM851 solid-state drives and Seagate ST500LT015 and ST500LT025 hard disk drives, when used on Windows and operating in Opal mode on Lenovo ThinkPad T440s laptops with BIOS 2.32 or ThinkPad W541 laptops with BIOS 2.21, or in Opal or eDrive mode on Dell Latitude E6410 laptops with BIOS A16 or Latitude E6430 laptops with BIOS A16, allow physically proximate attackers to bypass self-encrypting drive (SED) protection by triggering a soft reset and booting from an alternative OS, aka a "Forced Restart Attack."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8615. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. The hvm_set_callback_via function in arch/x86/hvm/irq.c in Xen 4.6 does not limit the number of printk console messages when logging the new callback method, which allows local HVM guest OS users to cause a denial of service via a large number of changes to the callback method (HVM_PARAM_CALLBACK_IRQ).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6407
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6407. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Emergency Responder 10.5(3.10000.9) allows remote attackers to upload files to arbitrary locations via a crafted parameter, aka Bug ID CSCuv25501.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6849. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. EMC NetWorker before 8.0.4.5, 8.1.x before 8.1.3.6, 8.2.x before 8.2.2.2, and 9.0 before build 407 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process outage) via malformed RPC authentication messages.
Query: secure coding against Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality
Matching passage: CWE-684 Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality. The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.
Near-miss passage: CWE-453 Insecure Default Variable Initialization. The product, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.
Query: risk of Dnsmasq before 2.76 allows remote servers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a reply with an empty DNS address that has an (1) A or (2) AAAA record defined locally.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8899. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Dnsmasq before 2.76 allows remote servers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a reply with an empty DNS address that has an (1) A or (2) AAAA record defined locally.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8331. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) in Huawei VCN500 with software before V100R002C00SPC200 does not properly invalidate the session ID when an "abnormal exit" occurs, which allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks via the session ID.