alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: intelligence brief on T1027.015
Matching passage: T1027.015 Compression. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use compression to obfuscate their payloads or files. Compressed file formats such as ZIP, gzip, 7z, and RAR can compress and archive multiple files together to make it easier and faster to transfer files. In addition to compressing files, adversaries may also compress shellcode directly - for example, in order to store it in a Windows Registry key (i.e., [Fileless Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/011)).(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020) In order to further evade detection, adversaries may combine multiple ZIP files into one archive. This process of concatenation creates an archive that appears to be a single archive but in fact contains the central directories of the embedded archives. Some ZIP readers, such as 7zip, may not be able to identify concatenated ZIP files and miss the presence of the malicious payload.(Citation: Perception Point) File archives may be sent as one [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) through email. Adversaries have sent malicious payloads as archived files to encourage the user to interact with and extract the malicious payload onto their system (i.e., [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002)).(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) However, some file compression tools, such as 7zip, can be used to produce self-extracting archives. Adversaries may send self-extracting archives to hide the functionality of their payload and launch it without requiring multiple actions from the user.(Citation: The Hacker News) [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) may be used in combination with [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013) where compressed files are encrypted and password-protected.
Near-miss passage: T1027.008 Stripped Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make a payload difficult to analyze by removing symbols, strings, and other human readable information. Scripts and executables may contain variables names and other strings that help developers document code functionality. Symbols are often created by an operating system’s `linker` when executable payloads are compiled. Reverse engineers use these symbols and strings to analyze code and to identify functionality in payloads.(Citation: Mandiant golang stripped binaries explanation)(Citation: intezer stripped binaries elf files 2018) Adversaries may use stripped payloads in order to make malware analysis more difficult. For example, compilers and other tools may provide features to remove or obfuscate strings and symbols. Adversaries have also used stripped payload formats, such as run-only AppleScripts, a compiled and stripped version of [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), to evade detection and analysis. The lack of human-readable information may directly hinder detection and analysis of payloads.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Query: containment actions for Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Pass the Ticket
Matching passage: Playbook for T1550.003 Pass the Ticket. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1550.003. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: lateral movement. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may “pass the ticket” using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system. When preforming PtT, vali
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1550.001 Application Access Token. Different response path focused on lateral movement.
Query: risk of epan/dissectors/packet-wcp.c in the WCP dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.13 and 1.12.x before 1.12.4 does not properly initialize a data structure, which allows remote att
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2188. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. epan/dissectors/packet-wcp.c in the WCP dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.13 and 1.12.x before 1.12.4 does not properly initialize a data structure, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted packet that is improperly handled during decompression.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0615. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The call-handling implementation in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (port consumption) by improperly terminating SIP sessions, aka Bug ID CSCul28089.
Query: Sigma YAML for linux / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects logs clearing attempts on Linux systems via utilities such as 'rm', 'rmdir', 'shred', and 'unlink' targeting log. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Linux Logs Clearing Attempts id: 80915f59-9b56-4616-9de0-fd0dea6c12fe status: stable description: 'Detects logs clearing attempts on Linux systems via utilities such as ''rm'', ''rmdir'', ''shred'', and ''unlink'' targeting log files and directories. Adversaries often try to clear logs to cover their tracks after performing malicious activities. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1070.002/T1070.002.md author: Ömer Günal, oscd.community date: 2020-10-07 modified: 2026-03-18 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.006 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /rm - /rmdir - /shred - /unlink CommandLine|contains: - /var/log - /var/spool/mail filter_main_legit_systat: Image|endswith: /rm CommandLine|startswith: rm -f /var/log/sysstat/ filter_main_dmseg: Image|endswith: /rm CommandLine|startswith: rm -f -- /var/log//dmesg condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential abuse of ntdsutil to dump ntds.dit database. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: Ntdsutil Abuse id: e6e88853-5f20-4c4a-8d26-cd469fd8d31f status: test description: Detects potential abuse of ntdsutil to dump ntds.dit database references: - https://twitter.com/mgreen27/status/1558223256704122882 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/jj574207(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-14 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.003 logsource: product: windows service: application detection: selection: Provider_Name: ESENT EventID: - 216 - 325 - 326 - 327 Data|contains: ntds.dit condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate backup operation/creating shadow copies level: medium
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8546
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8546. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with software through 2015-11-12, affecting the Galaxy S6/S6 Edge, Galaxy S6 Edge+, and Galaxy Note5 with the Shannon333 chipset. There is a stack-based buffer overflow in the baseband process that is exploitable for remote code execution via a fake base station. The Samsung ID is SVE-2015-5123 (December 2015).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5110. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7211
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7211. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 mishandles the # (number sign) character in a data: URI, which allows remote attackers to spoof web sites via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0759. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Headend Digital Broadband Delivery System allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in the afReadFrames function in audiofile (aka libaudiofile and Audio File Library) allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (program cras
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7747. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Buffer overflow in the afReadFrames function in audiofile (aka libaudiofile and Audio File Library) allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted audio file, as demonstrated by sixteen-stereo-to-eight-mono.c.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-20109. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 5.5. end_pattern (called from internal_fnmatch) in the GNU C Library (aka glibc or libc6) before 2.22 might allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash), as demonstrated by use of the fnmatch library function with the **(!() pattern. NOTE: this is not the same as CVE-2015-8984; also, some Linux distributions have fixed CVE-2015-8984 but have not fixed this additional fnmatch issue.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in thumb.php in MediaWiki before 1.23.10, 1.24.x before 1.24.3, and 1.25.x before 1.25.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web sc
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6729. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in thumb.php in MediaWiki before 1.23.10, 1.24.x before 1.24.3, and 1.25.x before 1.25.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the rel404 parameter, which is not properly handled in an error page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6475. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in IBC Solar ServeMaster TLP+ and Danfoss TLX Pro+ allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: threat report mentioning Conditional Access Policies
Matching passage: T1556.009 Conditional Access Policies. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify conditional access policies to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Conditional access policies are additional verifications used by identity providers and identity and access management systems to determine whether a user should be granted access to a resource. For example, in Entra ID, Okta, and JumpCloud, users can be denied access to applications based on their IP address, device enrollment status, and use of multi-factor authentication.(Citation: Microsoft Conditional Access)(Citation: JumpCloud Conditional Access Policies)(Citation: Okta Conditional Access Policies) In some cases, identity providers may also support the use of risk-based metrics to deny sign-ins based on a variety of indicators. In AWS and GCP, IAM policies can contain `condition` attributes that verify arbitrary constraints such as the source IP, the date the request was made, and the nature of the resources or regions being requested.(Citation: AWS IAM Conditions)(Citation: GCP IAM Conditions) These measures help to prevent compromised credentials from resulting in unauthorized access to data or resources, as well as limit user permissions to only those required. By modifying conditional access policies, such as adding additional trusted IP ranges, removing [Multi-Factor Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/006) requirements, or allowing additional [Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535), adversaries may be able to ensure persistent access to accounts and circumvent defensive measures.
Near-miss passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)
Query: write Sigma for Detects the deletion of the PowerShell console History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of the PowerShell console History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence. Logsource: windows / file_delete. Rule: title: PowerShell Console History Logs Deleted id: ff301988-c231-4bd0-834c-ac9d73b86586 status: test description: Detects the deletion of the PowerShell console History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-15 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070 logsource: category: file_delete product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: \PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "odbcconf" with the "-f" flag in order to load a response file which might contain a malicious acti. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Response File Execution Via Odbcconf.EXE id: 5f03babb-12db-4eec-8c82-7b4cb5580868 related: - id: 2d32dd6f-3196-4093-b9eb-1ad8ab088ca5 type: similar - id: 65d2be45-8600-4042-b4c0-577a1ff8a60e type: obsolete status: test description: Detects execution of "odbcconf" with the "-f" flag in order to load a response file which might contain a malicious action. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-ver16 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Odbcconf/ - https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-analysis-report-bumblebee-loader-the-high-road-to-enterprise-domain-control - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/08/23/odbcconf-lolbin-trifecta/ author: Kirill Kiryanov, Beyu Denis, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-22 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.008 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \odbcconf.exe - OriginalFileName: odbcconf.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -f ' selection_rsp_ext: CommandLine|contains: .rsp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - The rule is looking for any usage of response file, which might generate false positive when this function is used legitimately. Investigate the contents of the ".rsp" file to determine if it is malicious and apply additional filters if necessary. level: medium
Query: Sigma rule for Detects when a new admin is created.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a new admin is created.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Privileged Account Creation id: f7b5b004-dece-46e4-a4a5-f6fd0e1c6947 status: test description: Detects when a new admin is created. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts#changes-to-privileged-accounts author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Yochana Henderson, '@Yochana-H', Tim Shelton date: 2022-08-11 modified: 2022-08-16 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message|contains|all: - Add user - Add member to role Status: Success condition: selection falsepositives: - A legitimate new admin account being created level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of the "u202+E" character, which causes a terminal, browser, or operating system to render text in. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Defense Evasion Via Right-to-Left Override id: ad691d92-15f2-4181-9aa4-723c74f9ddc3 related: - id: e0552b19-5a83-4222-b141-b36184bb8d79 type: derived - id: 584bca0f-3608-4402-80fd-4075ff6072e3 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects the presence of the "u202+E" character, which causes a terminal, browser, or operating system to render text in a right-to-left sequence. This character is used as an obfuscation and masquerading techniques by adversaries to trick users into opening malicious files. ' references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/right-to-left-override/ - https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2014/01/the-rtlo-method - https://unicode-explorer.com/c/202E - https://tria.ge/241015-l98snsyeje/behavioral2 - https://unprotect.it/technique/right-to-left-override-rlo-extension-spoofing/ author: Micah Babinski, @micahbabinski, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems), Luc Génaux date: 2023-02-15 modified: 2026-03-20 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - \u202e - '[U+202E]' - ‮ condition: selection falsepositives: - Commandlines that contains scriptures such as arabic or hebrew might make use of this character level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_susp_right_to_left_override/info.yml
Query: risk of PDFium, as used in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65, does not properly initialize memory, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified o
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1259. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. PDFium, as used in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65, does not properly initialize memory, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2987. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Type74 ED before 4.0 misuses 128-bit ECB encryption for small files, which makes it easier for attackers to obtain plaintext data via differential cryptanalysis of a file with an original length smaller than 128 bits.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5287
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5287. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. The abrt-hook-ccpp help program in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) before 2.7.1 allows local users with certain permissions to gain privileges via a symlink attack on a file with a predictable name, as demonstrated by /var/tmp/abrt/abrt-hax-coredump or /var/spool/abrt/abrt-hax-coredump.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1377. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The Read Mail module in Webmin 1.720 allows local users to read arbitrary files via a symlink attack on an unspecified file.
Query: exploit Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) before 8.90.07.X uses a hardcoded password for the ANCO account, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions by l
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6742. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 6.5. Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) before 8.90.07.X uses a hardcoded password for the ANCO account, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging knowledge of this password. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2015-0942 per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability types and different affected versions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4400. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Ring (formerly DoorBot) video doorbells allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information about the wireless network configuration by pressing the set up button and leveraging an API in the GainSpan Wi-Fi module.
Query: detection rule: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep and egrep for now) to discover security software discovery
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep and egrep for now) to discover security software discovery. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Security Software Discovery - Linux id: c9d8b7fd-78e4-44fe-88f6-599135d46d60 status: test description: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep and egrep for now) to discover security software discovery references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518.001/T1518.001.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2022-11-27 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1518.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /grep - /egrep CommandLine|contains: - nessusd - td-agent - packetbeat - filebeat - auditbeat - osqueryd - cbagentd - falcond condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of ".xbap" (Browser Applications) files via PresentationHost.EXE from an uncommon location. These. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: XBAP Execution From Uncommon Locations Via PresentationHost.EXE id: d22e2925-cfd8-463f-96f6-89cec9d9bc5f status: test description: 'Detects the execution of ".xbap" (Browser Applications) files via PresentationHost.EXE from an uncommon location. These files can be abused to run malicious ".xbap" files any bypass AWL ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Presentationhost/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-01 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \presentationhost.exe - OriginalFileName: PresentationHost.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: .xbap filter_main_generic: CommandLine|contains: - ' C:\Windows\' - ' C:\Program Files' condition: all of selection* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate ".xbap" being executed via "PresentationHost" level: medium
Query: CWE for Improper Certificate Validation
Matching passage: CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation. The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1004 Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag. The product uses a cookie to store sensitive information, but the cookie is not marked with the HttpOnly flag.
Query: exploit Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 uses a publicly accessible salt to generate CSRF protection tokens, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protec
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5318. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 uses a publicly accessible salt to generate CSRF protection tokens, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via a brute force attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7364. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The HTML_Quickform library, as used in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2, allows remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via an empty token.