alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: alert when Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Netcat Suspicious Execution id: e31033fc-33f0-4020-9a16-faf9b31cbf08 status: test description: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network references: - https://nmap.org/ncat/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1095/T1095.md - https://www.revshells.com/ author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-21 modified: 2023-02-08 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1095 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - \nc.exe - \ncat.exe - \netcat.exe selection_cmdline: CommandLine|contains: - ' -lvp ' - ' -lvnp' - ' -l -v -p ' - ' -lv -p ' - ' -l --proxy-type http ' - ' -vnl --exec ' - ' -vnl -e ' - ' --lua-exec ' - ' --sh-exec ' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate ncat use level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious Windows strings in URI which could indicate possible exfiltration or webshell communication. Logsource: webserver. Rule: title: Suspicious Windows Strings In URI id: 9f6a34b4-2688-4eb7-a7f5-e39fef573d0e status: test description: Detects suspicious Windows strings in URI which could indicate possible exfiltration or webshell communication references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/06/06/will-the-real-msiexec-please-stand-up-exploit-leads-to-data-exfiltration/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-06 modified: 2023-01-02 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1505.003 logsource: category: webserver detection: selection: cs-uri-query|contains: - =C:/Users - =C:/Program%20Files - =C:/Windows - =C%3A%5CUsers - =C%3A%5CProgram%20Files - =C%3A%5CWindows condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate application and websites that use windows paths in their URL level: high
Query: exploit IBM WebSphere Message Broker Toolkit 7 before 7007 IF2 and 8 before 8005 IF1 and Integration Toolkit 9 before 9003 IF1 are distributed with MQ client JAR files that support only we
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0118. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere Message Broker Toolkit 7 before 7007 IF2 and 8 before 8005 IF1 and Integration Toolkit 9 before 9003 IF1 are distributed with MQ client JAR files that support only weak TLS ciphers, which might make it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network during a connection to an Integration Bus node.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1129. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Apple Safari before 6.2.5, 7.x before 7.1.5, and 8.x before 8.0.5 does not properly select X.509 client certificates, which makes it easier for remote attackers to track users via a crafted web site.
Query: how to detect System Language Discovery
Matching passage: T1614.001 System Language Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check) There are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) For example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language</code> or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions <code>GetUserDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetSystemDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetKeyboardLayoutList</code> and <code>GetUserDefaultLangID</code>.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) On a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query <code>locale</code> to retrieve the value of the <code>$LANG</code> environment variable.
Near-miss passage: T1614 System Location Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Adversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021) Adversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8332
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8332. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Huawei Video Content Management (VCM) before V100R001C10SPC001 does not properly "authenticate online user identities and privileges," which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges and perform a case operation as another user via a crafted message, aka "Horizontal Privilege Escalation Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7746. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. NetApp Data ONTAP before 8.2.4, when operating in 7-Mode, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and (1) obtain sensitive information from or (2) modify volumes via vectors related to UTF-8 in the volume language.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6364
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6364. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Content Delivery System Manager Software 3.2 on Videoscape Distribution Suite Service Manager allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via crafted URLs in REST API requests, aka Bug ID CSCuv86960.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3778. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. bootp in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive information about MAC addresses seen in previous Wi-Fi sessions by sniffing an 802.11 network for DNAv4 broadcast traffic.
Query: describe CVE-2015-9144
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9144. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9615, MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, SD 845, SD 850, and SDX20, while processing scheduling message information, a buffer overflow can occur.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5291. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in PolarSSL 1.x before 1.2.17 and ARM mbed TLS (formerly PolarSSL) 1.3.x before 1.3.14 and 2.x before 2.1.2 allows remote SSL servers to cause a denial of service (client crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a long hostname to the server name indication (SNI) extension, which is not properly handled when creating a ClientHello message. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT3 due to different affected version ranges. See CVE-2015-8036 for the session ticket issue that was introduced in 1.3.0.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Network Share Discovery
Matching passage: T1135 Network Share Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may look for folders and drives shared on remote systems as a means of identifying sources of information to gather as a precursor for Collection and to identify potential systems of interest for Lateral Movement. Networks often contain shared network drives and folders that enable users to access file directories on various systems across a network. File sharing over a Windows network occurs over the SMB protocol. (Citation: Wikipedia Shared Resource) (Citation: TechNet Shared Folder) [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to query a remote system for available shared drives using the <code>net view \\\\remotesystem</code> command. It can also be used to query shared drives on the local system using <code>net share</code>. For macOS, the <code>sharing -l</code> command lists all shared points used for smb services.
Near-miss passage: T1654 Log Enumeration. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)), or hosts within a compromised network ([Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018)). Host binaries may be leveraged to collect system logs. Examples include using `wevtutil.exe` or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) on Windows to access and/or export security event information.(Citation: WithSecure Lazarus-NoPineapple Threat Intel Report 2023)(Citation: Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor) In cloud environments, adversaries may leverage utilities such as the Azure VM Agent’s `CollectGuestLogs.exe` to collect security logs from cloud hosted infrastructure.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) Adversaries may also target centralized logging infrastructure such as SIEMs. Logs may also be bulk exported and sent to adversary-controlled infrastructure for offline analysis. In addition to gaining a better understanding of the environment, adversaries may also monitor logs in real time to track incident response procedures. This may allow them to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: Permiso GUI-Vil 2023)
Query: what is T1153
Matching passage: T1153 Source. Tactics: execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** The <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]</code>. Take note of the space after the ".". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual) Adversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.
Near-miss passage: T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is "ClickFix," in which adversaries present users with seemingly helpful solutions—such as prompts to fix errors or complete CAPTCHAs—that instead instruct the user to copy and paste malicious code. Malicious websites, such as those used in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), may present fake error messages or CAPTCHA prompts that instruct users to open a terminal or the Windows Run Dialog box and execute an arbitrary command. These commands may be obfuscated using encoding or other techniques to conceal malicious intent. Once executed, the adversary will typically be able to establish a foothold on the victim's machine.(Citation: CloudSEK Lumma Stealer 2024)(Citation: Sekoia ClickFake 2025)(Citation: Reliaquest CAPTCHA 2024)(Citation: AhnLab LummaC2 2025) Adversaries may also leverage phishing emails for this purpose. When a user attempts to open an attachment, they may be presented with a fake error and offered a malicious command to paste as a solution, consistent with the "ClickFix" strategy.(Citation: Proofpoint ClickFix 2024)(Citation: AhnLab Malicioys Copy Paste 2024) Tricking a user into executing a command themselves may help to bypass email filtering, browser sandboxing, or other mitigations designed to protect users against malicious downloaded files.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4476
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4476. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 on Android allows user-assisted remote attackers to spoof address-bar attributes by leveraging lack of navigation after a paste of a URL with a nonstandard scheme, as demonstrated by spoofing an SSL attribute.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0201. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. The Java SockJS client in Pivotal Spring Framework 4.1.x before 4.1.5 generates predictable session ids, which allows remote attackers to send messages to other sessions via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6155. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3791. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3765, CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3788, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5751, CVE-2015-5753, and CVE-2015-5779.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8371
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8371. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Composer before 2016-02-10 allows cache poisoning from other projects built on the same host. This results in attacker-controlled code entering a server-side build process. The issue occurs because of the way that dist packages are cached. The cache key is derived from the package name, the dist type, and certain other data from the package repository (which may simply be a commit hash, and thus can be found by an attacker). Versions through 1.0.0-alpha11 are affected, and 1.0.0 is unaffected.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7539. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 7.5. The Plugins Manager in Jenkins before 1.640 and LTS before 1.625.2 does not verify checksums for plugin files referenced in update site data, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted plugin.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0453
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0453. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to PORTAL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4732. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Libraries, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2590.
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3105. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X and Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2379. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, Office for Mac 2011, and Word Viewer allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: detect SMS Pumping
Matching passage: T1496.003 SMS Pumping. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a telecommunications provider, then leverages a victim’s messaging infrastructure to send large amounts of SMS messages to numbers in that set. By generating SMS traffic to their phone number set, a threat actor may earn payments from the telecommunications provider.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping Fraud) Threat actors often use publicly available web forms, such as one-time password (OTP) or account verification fields, in order to generate SMS traffic. These fields may leverage services such as Twilio, AWS SNS, and Amazon Cognito in the background.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)(Citation: AWS RE:Inforce Threat Detection 2024) In response to the large quantity of requests, SMS costs may increase and communication channels may become overwhelmed.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)
Near-miss passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Query: exploit The Web Server component in TIBCO LogLogic Unity before 1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges, and consequently obtain sensitive information, via an HTTP reque
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8090. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The Web Server component in TIBCO LogLogic Unity before 1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges, and consequently obtain sensitive information, via an HTTP request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3320. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Lenovo USB Enhanced Performance Keyboard software before 2.0.2.2 includes active debugging code in SKHOOKS.DLL, which allows local users to obtain keypress information by accessing debug output.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1660
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1660. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0040. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0018, CVE-2015-0037, and CVE-2015-0066.
Query: risk of Siemens SIMATIC STEP 7 (TIA Portal) before 13 SP1 uses a weak password-hash algorithm, which makes it easier for local users to determine cleartext passwords by reading a project f
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1355. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Siemens SIMATIC STEP 7 (TIA Portal) before 13 SP1 uses a weak password-hash algorithm, which makes it easier for local users to determine cleartext passwords by reading a project file and conducting a brute-force attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1454. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Blue Coat ProxyClient before 3.3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.4.10 and Unified Agent before 4.1.3.151952 does not properly validate certain certificates, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof ProxySG Client Managers, and consequently modify configurations and execute arbitrary software updates, via a crafted certificate.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0002
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0002. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The AhcVerifyAdminContext function in ahcache.sys in the Application Compatibility component in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not verify that an impersonation token is associated with an administrative account, which allows local users to gain privileges by running AppCompatCache.exe with a crafted DLL file, aka MSRC ID 20544 or "Microsoft Application Compatibility Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8325. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The do_setup_env function in session.c in sshd in OpenSSH through 7.2p2, when the UseLogin feature is enabled and PAM is configured to read .pam_environment files in user home directories, allows local users to gain privileges by triggering a crafted environment for the /bin/login program, as demonstrated by an LD_PRELOAD environment variable.