alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling XDG Autostart Entries
Matching passage: T1547.013 XDG Autostart Entries. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may add or modify XDG Autostart Entries to execute malicious programs or commands when a user’s desktop environment is loaded at login. XDG Autostart entries are available for any XDG-compliant Linux system. XDG Autostart entries use Desktop Entry files (`.desktop`) to configure the user’s desktop environment upon user login. These configuration files determine what applications launch upon user login, define associated applications to open specific file types, and define applications used to open removable media.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys) Adversaries may abuse this feature to establish persistence by adding a path to a malicious binary or command to the `Exec` directive in the `.desktop` configuration file. When the user’s desktop environment is loaded at user login, the `.desktop` files located in the XDG Autostart directories are automatically executed. System-wide Autostart entries are located in the `/etc/xdg/autostart` directory while the user entries are located in the `~/.config/autostart` directory. Adversaries may combine this technique with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to blend malicious Autostart entries with legitimate programs.(Citation: Red Canary Netwire Linux 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1547.009 Shortcut Modification. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries may abuse shortcuts in the startup folder to execute their tools and achieve persistence.(Citation: Shortcut for Persistence ) Although often used as payloads in an infection chain (e.g. [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)), adversaries may also create a new shortcut as a means of indirection, while also abusing [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the malicious shortcut appear as a legitimate program. Adversaries can also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their malware will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program. Shortcuts can also be abused to establish persistence by implementing other methods. For example, LNK browser extensions may be modified (e.g. [Browser Extensions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176/001)) to persistently launch malware.
Query: CWE for External Control of File Name or Path
Matching passage: CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path. The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
Near-miss passage: CWE-827 Improper Control of Document Type Definition. The product does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the product to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5485
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5485. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Event Import page (import-eventbrite-events.php) in the Modern Tribe Eventbrite Tickets plugin before 3.10.2 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "error" parameter to wp-admin/edit.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1629. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Outlook Web App (OWA) in Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 SP1 and Cumulative Update 7 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "ExchangeDLP Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Persistent Systems Radia Client Automation does not properly restrict access to certain request, which allows remote attackers to (1) enumerate user accounts via a getUsers request
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1498. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 10.0. Persistent Systems Radia Client Automation does not properly restrict access to certain request, which allows remote attackers to (1) enumerate user accounts via a getUsers request, (2) assign a role to a user account via an addAssigneesToRole request, (3) remove a role from a user account via a removeAssigneesFromRole request, or (4) have other unspecified impact.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7496. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. GNOME Display Manager (gdm) before 3.18.2 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the lock screen by holding the Escape key.
Query: alert when Detects the abuse of the Print.exe utility for credential harvesting which involves using Print.Exe to copy sensitive fi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the abuse of the Print.exe utility for credential harvesting which involves using Print.Exe to copy sensitive fi. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Sensitive File Dump Via Print.EXE id: 2fcda7e2-8c57-4904-86ac-37fc3157e09d status: test description: 'Detects the abuse of the Print.exe utility for credential harvesting which involves using Print.Exe to copy sensitive files such as ntds.dit, SAM, SECURITY, or SYSTEM from the Windows directory in order to extract credentials, locally or remotely. ' references: - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/02/06/active-exploitation-solarwinds-web-help-desk/ - https://www.huntress.com/blog/credential-theft-expanding-your-reach-pt-2 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Print/ author: Ayush Anand (Securityinbits) date: 2026-04-28 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1003.003 - attack.t1003.002 - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \print.exe - OriginalFileName: Print.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: /D CommandLine|contains: - \config\SAM - \config\SECURITY - \config\SYSTEM - \windows\ntds\ntds.dit condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_print_dump_sensitive_files/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file.. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Overwriting the File with Dev Zero or Null id: 37222991-11e9-4b6d-8bdf-60fbe48f753e status: stable description: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1485/T1485.md author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community date: 2019-10-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0|contains: dd a1|contains: - if=/dev/null - if=/dev/zero condition: selection falsepositives: - Appending null bytes to files. - Legitimate overwrite of files. level: low
Query: EDR alert: possible Rename Legitimate Utilities (T1036.003)
Matching passage: T1036.003 Rename Legitimate Utilities. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may rename legitimate / system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for legitimate utilities adversaries are capable of abusing, including both built-in binaries and tools such as PSExec, AutoHotKey, and IronPython.(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)(Citation: Huntress Python Malware 2025)(Citation: The DFIR Report AutoHotKey 2023)(Citation: Splunk Detect Renamed PSExec) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>).(Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on these utilities executing from non-standard paths.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)
Near-miss passage: T1036.010 Masquerade Account Name. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the names of legitimate accounts to make newly created ones appear benign. This will typically occur during [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), although accounts may also be renamed at a later date. This may also coincide with [Account Access Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531) if the actor first deletes an account before re-creating one with the same name.(Citation: Huntress MOVEit 2023) Often, adversaries will attempt to masquerade as service accounts, such as those associated with legitimate software, data backups, or container cluster management.(Citation: Elastic CUBA Ransomware 2022)(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023) They may also give accounts generic, trustworthy names, such as “admin”, “help”, or “root.”(Citation: Invictus IR Cloud Ransomware 2024) Sometimes adversaries may model account names off of those already existing in the system, as a follow-on behavior to [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087). Note that this is distinct from [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), which describes impersonating specific trusted individuals or organizations, rather than user or service account names.
Query: exploit The debug-logging (aka debug cns) feature in Cisco Networking Services (CNS) for IOS 15.2(2)E3 allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading an unspecified file, ak
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6375. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The debug-logging (aka debug cns) feature in Cisco Networking Services (CNS) for IOS 15.2(2)E3 allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading an unspecified file, aka Bug ID CSCux18010.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5340. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Moodle through 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.11, 2.8.x before 2.8.9, and 2.9.x before 2.9.3 does not consider the moodle/badges:viewbadges capability, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive badge information via a request involving (1) badges/overview.php or (2) badges/view.php.
Query: exploit The management console in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a crafted password-reset action 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1486. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 7.5. The management console in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a crafted password-reset action that triggers a new administrative session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0198. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 10.0. IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) 3.4 before 3.4.0.32, 3.5 before 3.5.0.24, and 4.1 before 4.1.0.7 in certain cipherList configurations allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary programs as root via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using pkgmgr.exe and dism.exe (UACMe 23) in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using pkgmgr.exe and dism.exe (UACMe 23). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: UAC Bypass Using PkgMgr and DISM id: a743ceba-c771-4d75-97eb-8a90f7f4844c status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using pkgmgr.exe and dism.exe (UACMe 23) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \pkgmgr.exe Image|endswith: \dism.exe IntegrityLevel: - High - System - S-1-16-16384 - S-1-16-12288 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects DLL sideloading of VMGuestLib.dll by the WmiApSrv service.. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: VMGuestLib DLL Sideload id: 70e8e9b4-6a93-4cb7-8cde-da69502e7aff status: test description: Detects DLL sideloading of VMGuestLib.dll by the WmiApSrv service. references: - https://decoded.avast.io/martinchlumecky/png-steganography/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|contains|all: - \VMware\VMware Tools\vmStatsProvider\win32 - \vmGuestLib.dll Image|endswith: \Windows\System32\wbem\WmiApSrv.exe filter: Signed: 'true' condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - FP could occur if the legitimate version of vmGuestLib already exists on the system level: medium
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in the popUpMenuEx method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.00
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6690. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the popUpMenuEx method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5586, CVE-2015-6683, CVE-2015-6684, CVE-2015-6687, CVE-2015-6688, CVE-2015-6689, CVE-2015-6691, CVE-2015-7615, CVE-2015-7617, and CVE-2015-7621.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6673. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Decoder.cpp in libpgf before 6.15.32.
Query: risk of Cisco AsyncOS before 8.5.7-042, 9.x before 9.1.0-032, 9.1.x before 9.1.1-023, and 9.5.x and 9.6.x before 9.6.0-042 on Email Security Appliance (ESA) devices; before 9.1.0-032, 9.1.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6321. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco AsyncOS before 8.5.7-042, 9.x before 9.1.0-032, 9.1.x before 9.1.1-023, and 9.5.x and 9.6.x before 9.6.0-042 on Email Security Appliance (ESA) devices; before 9.1.0-032, 9.1.1 before 9.1.1-005, and 9.5.x before 9.5.0-025 on Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) devices; and before 7.7.0-725 and 8.x before 8.0.8-113 on Web Security Appliance (WSA) devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a flood of TCP packets, aka Bug IDs CSCus79774, CSCus79777, and CSCzv95795.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0772. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) X8.5RC4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or device outage) via a crafted SDP parameter-negotiation request in an SDP session during a SIP connection, aka Bug ID CSCut42422.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5727
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5727. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. The BER decoder in Botan 1.10.x before 1.10.10 and 1.11.x before 1.11.19 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, related to a length field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0044. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8967 and CVE-2015-0050.
Query: intelligence brief on T1003.002
Matching passage: T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access. A number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques: * pwdumpx.exe * [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) * [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) * secretsdump.py Alternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg: * <code>reg save HKLM\sam sam</code> * <code>reg save HKLM\system system</code> Creddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7) Notes: * RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator. * RID 501 is the guest account. * User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.
Near-miss passage: T1003.003 NTDS. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory) In addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, adversaries may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015) The following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes. * Volume Shadow Copy * secretsdump.py * Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe * Invoke-NinjaCopy
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (Sybase ASE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Note 2113333. 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1310. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (Sybase ASE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Note 2113333. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1397. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the getCsvFile function in the Mage_Adminhtml_Block_Widget_Grid class in Magento Community Edition (CE) 1.9.1.0 and Enterprise Edition (EE) 1.14.1.0 allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the popularity[field_expr] parameter when the popularity[from] or popularity[to] parameter is set.
Query: vulnerability: The authorization framework in Apache Hive 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0 and 1.2.1, on clusters protected by Ranger and SqlStdHiveAuthorization, allows attackers to bypass inte
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7521. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.300000190734863. The authorization framework in Apache Hive 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0 and 1.2.1, on clusters protected by Ranger and SqlStdHiveAuthorization, allows attackers to bypass intended parent table access restrictions via unspecified partition-level operations.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5998. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 10.0. Impero Education Pro before 5105 relies on the -1|AUTHENTICATE\x02PASSWORD string for authentication, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary programs via an encrypted command.
Query: hunt for Search Threat Vendor Data activity
Matching passage: T1681 Search Threat Vendor Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Threat actors may seek information/indicators from closed or open threat intelligence sources gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. These reports may include descriptions of behavior, detailed breakdowns of attacks, atomic indicators such as malware hashes or IP addresses, timelines of a group’s activity, and more. Adversaries may change their behavior when planning their future operations. Adversaries have been observed replacing atomic indicators mentioned in blog posts in under a week.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence VMWare ESXi Zero-Day 2023) Adversaries have also been seen searching for their own domain names in threat vendor data and then taking them down, likely to avoid seizure or further investigation.(Citation: Sentinel One Contagious Interview ClickFix September 2025) This technique is distinct from [Threat Intel Vendors](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001) in that it describes threat actors performing reconnaissance on their own activity, not in search of victim information.
Near-miss passage: T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location. Adversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4542
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4542. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.5. EMC RSA Archer GRC 5.x before 5.5.3 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions, and read or modify Discussion Forum Fields messages, via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2284. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 10.0. userlogin.jsp in SolarWinds Firewall Security Manager (FSM) before 6.6.5 HotFix1 allows remote attackers to gain privileges and execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, related to client session handling.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2319
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2319. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 7.5. The TLS stack in Mono before 3.12.1 makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cipher-downgrade attacks to EXPORT_RSA ciphers via crafted TLS traffic, related to the "FREAK" issue, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0204.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2943. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. Honda Moto LINC 1.6.1 does not verify SSL certificates.
Query: vulnerability: MediaWiki before 1.23.11, 1.24.x before 1.24.4, and 1.25.x before 1.25.3 does not properly restrict access to revisions, which allows remote authenticated users with the viewsuppre
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8004. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. MediaWiki before 1.23.11, 1.24.x before 1.24.4, and 1.25.x before 1.25.3 does not properly restrict access to revisions, which allows remote authenticated users with the viewsuppressed user right to remove revision suppressions via a crafted revisiondelete action, which returns a valid a change form.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6860. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.399999618530273. HPE Network Switches with software 15.16.x and 15.17.x allow local users to bypass intended access restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6859.