alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in the Web Administration tool in IBM Tivoli Directory Server (ITDS) before 6.1.0.74-ISS-ISDS-IF0074, 6.2.x before 6.2.0.50-ISS-ISDS-IF0050, and 6
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1977. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in the Web Administration tool in IBM Tivoli Directory Server (ITDS) before 6.1.0.74-ISS-ISDS-IF0074, 6.2.x before 6.2.0.50-ISS-ISDS-IF0050, and 6.3.x before 6.3.0.43-ISS-ISDS-IF0043 and IBM Security Directory Server (ISDS) before 6.3.1.18-ISS-ISDS-IF0018 and 6.4.x before 6.4.0.9-ISS-ISDS-IF0009 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in a URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1011. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Hospira LifeCare PCA Infusion System before 7.0 has hardcoded credentials, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors.
Query: what is T1591.004
Matching passage: T1591.004 Identify Roles. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business roles may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).
Near-miss passage: T1591.001 Determine Physical Locations. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0437
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0437. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u25 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Hotspot.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0961. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Barracuda Web Filter before 8.1.0.005, when SSL Inspection is enabled, does not verify X.509 certificates from upstream SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Query: what is T1037.005
Matching passage: T1037.005 Startup Items. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items.(Citation: Startup Items) This is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. An adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.
Near-miss passage: T1037.003 Network Logon Script. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems. Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.
Query: exploit Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unity Connection 11.5(0.98) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCux24578.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6408. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unity Connection 11.5(0.98) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCux24578.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4659. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ClickHeat 1.14 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that change the administrator password via a config action to index.php.
Query: SOC alert related to Exfiltration Over Webhook
Matching passage: T1567.004 Exfiltration Over Webhook. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a webhook endpoint rather than over their primary command and control channel. Webhooks are simple mechanisms for allowing a server to push data over HTTP/S to a client without the need for the client to continuously poll the server.(Citation: RedHat Webhooks) Many public and commercial services, such as Discord, Slack, and `webhook.site`, support the creation of webhook endpoints that can be used by other services, such as Github, Jira, or Trello.(Citation: Discord Intro to Webhooks) When changes happen in the linked services (such as pushing a repository update or modifying a ticket), these services will automatically post the data to the webhook endpoint for use by the consuming application. Adversaries may link an adversary-owned environment to a victim-owned SaaS service to achieve repeated [Automated Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020) of emails, chat messages, and other data.(Citation: Push Security SaaS Attacks Repository Webhooks) Alternatively, instead of linking the webhook endpoint to a service, an adversary can manually post staged data directly to the URL in order to exfiltrate it.(Citation: Microsoft SQL Server) Access to webhook endpoints is often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration leveraging webhooks can also blend in with normal network traffic if the webhook endpoint points to a commonly used SaaS application or collaboration service.(Citation: CyberArk Labs Discord)(Citation: Talos Discord Webhook Abuse)(Citation: Checkmarx Webhooks)
Near-miss passage: T1567.002 Exfiltration to Cloud Storage. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet. Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service.
Query: SOC alert related to Time Based Checks
Matching passage: T1497.003 Time Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. Adversaries may use calls like `GetTickCount` and `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime` to discover if they are operating within a virtual machine or sandbox, or may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1497.002 User Activity Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness) Adversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)
Query: vulnerability: The ssl3_get_key_exchange function in s3_clnt.c in OpenSSL before 0.9.8zd, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0p, and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1k allows remote SSL servers to conduct RSA-to-EXPORT_RSA downg
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0204. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ssl3_get_key_exchange function in s3_clnt.c in OpenSSL before 0.9.8zd, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0p, and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1k allows remote SSL servers to conduct RSA-to-EXPORT_RSA downgrade attacks and facilitate brute-force decryption by offering a weak ephemeral RSA key in a noncompliant role, related to the "FREAK" issue. NOTE: the scope of this CVE is only client code based on OpenSSL, not EXPORT_RSA issues associated with servers or other TLS implementations.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1454. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Blue Coat ProxyClient before 3.3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.4.10 and Unified Agent before 4.1.3.151952 does not properly validate certain certificates, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof ProxySG Client Managers, and consequently modify configurations and execute arbitrary software updates, via a crafted certificate.
Query: rule covering Detects execution of renamed version of PAExec. Often used by attackers
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of renamed version of PAExec. Often used by attackers. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed PAExec Execution id: c4e49831-1496-40cf-8ce1-b53f942b02f9 related: - id: 7b0666ad-3e38-4e3d-9bab-78b06de85f7b type: obsolete status: test description: Detects execution of renamed version of PAExec. Often used by attackers references: - https://www.poweradmin.com/paexec/ - https://summit.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2018/presentations/cds18-technical-s05-att&cking-fin7.pdf author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jason Lynch date: 2021-05-22 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Description: PAExec Application - OriginalFileName: PAExec.exe - Product|contains: PAExec - Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=11D40A7B7876288F919AB819CC2D9802 - IMPHASH=6444f8a34e99b8f7d9647de66aabe516 - IMPHASH=dfd6aa3f7b2b1035b76b718f1ddc689f - IMPHASH=1a6cca4d5460b1710a12dea39e4a592c filter_main_known_location: - Image|endswith: \paexec.exe - Image|startswith: C:\Windows\PAExec- condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Weird admins that rename their tools - Software companies that bundle PAExec with their software and rename it, so that it is less embarrassing - When executed with the "-s" flag. PAExec will copy itself to the "C:\Windows\" directory with a different name. Usually like this "PAExec-[XXXXX]-[ComputerName]" level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "jamf" binary to create user accounts and run commands. For example, the binary can be abused b. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: JAMF MDM Execution id: be2e3a5c-9cc7-4d02-842a-68e9cb26ec49 status: test description: 'Detects execution of the "jamf" binary to create user accounts and run commands. For example, the binary can be abused by attackers on the system in order to bypass security controls or remove application control polices. ' references: - https://github.com/MythicAgents/typhon/ - https://www.zoocoup.org/casper/jamf_cheatsheet.pdf - https://docs.jamf.com/10.30.0/jamf-pro/administrator-guide/Components_Installed_on_Managed_Computers.html author: Jay Pandit date: 2023-08-22 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: selection: Image|endswith: /jamf CommandLine|contains: - createAccount - manage - removeFramework - removeMdmProfile - resetPassword - setComputerName condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the JAMF CLI tool by IT support and administrators level: low
Query: write Sigma for Detects DNS queries initiated by "Regsvr32.exe"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries initiated by "Regsvr32.exe". Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query Request By Regsvr32.EXE id: 36e037c4-c228-4866-b6a3-48eb292b9955 related: - id: c7e91a02-d771-4a6d-a700-42587e0b1095 type: derived status: test description: Detects DNS queries initiated by "Regsvr32.exe" references: - https://pentestlab.blog/2017/05/11/applocker-bypass-regsvr32/ - https://oddvar.moe/2017/12/13/applocker-case-study-how-insecure-is-it-really-part-1/ author: Dmitriy Lifanov, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1559.001 - attack.t1218.010 logsource: category: dns_query product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \regsvr32.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a API Token is revoked.. Logsource: okta / okta. Rule: title: Okta API Token Revoked id: cf1dbc6b-6205-41b4-9b88-a83980d2255b status: test description: Detects when a API Token is revoked. references: - https://developer.okta.com/docs/reference/api/system-log/ - https://developer.okta.com/docs/reference/api/event-types/ author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-12 modified: 2026-04-27 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: okta service: okta detection: selection: eventType: system.api_token.revoke condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8339
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8339. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. The memory_exchange function in common/memory.c in Xen 3.2.x through 4.6.x does not properly hand back pages to a domain, which might allow guest OS administrators to cause a denial of service (host crash) via unspecified vectors related to domain teardown.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6429. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. The IKEv1 state machine in Cisco IOS 15.4 through 15.6 and IOS XE 3.15 through 3.17 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (IPsec connection termination) via a crafted IKEv1 packet to a tunnel endpoint, aka Bug ID CSCuw08236.
Query: vulnerability: Apache Cordova-Android before 3.7.0 improperly generates random values for BridgeSecret data, which makes it easier for attackers to conduct bridge hijacking attacks by predicting 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8320. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Apache Cordova-Android before 3.7.0 improperly generates random values for BridgeSecret data, which makes it easier for attackers to conduct bridge hijacking attacks by predicting a value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3964. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. SMA Solar Sunny WebBox has hardcoded passwords, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of The RuntimeEventRouter::OnExtensionUninstalled function in extensions/browser/api/runtime/runtime_api.cc in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 does not ensure that the setUninstallU
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1298. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The RuntimeEventRouter::OnExtensionUninstalled function in extensions/browser/api/runtime/runtime_api.cc in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 does not ensure that the setUninstallURL preference corresponds to the URL of a web site, which allows user-assisted remote attackers to trigger access to an arbitrary URL via a crafted extension that is uninstalled.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8777. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.5. The process_envvars function in elf/rtld.c in the GNU C Library (aka glibc or libc6) before 2.23 allows local users to bypass a pointer-guarding protection mechanism via a zero value of the LD_POINTER_GUARD environment variable.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5561
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5561. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0797. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. GStreamer before 1.4.5, as used in Mozilla Firefox before 38.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.7, and Thunderbird before 31.7 on Linux, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer over-read and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted H.264 video data in an m4v file.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Direct Cloud VM Connections
Matching passage: T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009), such as Azure Serial Console(Citation: Azure Serial Console), AWS EC2 Instance Connect(Citation: EC2 Instance Connect)(Citation: lucr-3: Getting SaaS-y in the cloud), and AWS System Manager.(Citation: AWS System Manager). Methods of authentication for these connections can include passwords, application access tokens, or SSH keys. These cloud native methods may, by default, allow for privileged access on the host with SYSTEM or root level access. Adversaries may utilize these cloud native methods to directly access virtual infrastructure and pivot through an environment.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) These connections typically provide direct console access to the VM rather than the execution of scripts (i.e., [Cloud Administration Command](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651)).
Near-miss passage: T1021.001 Remote Desktop Protocol. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)