alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: intelligence brief on T1195.003
Matching passage: T1195.003 Compromise Hardware Supply Chain. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.
Near-miss passage: T1195 Supply Chain Compromise. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including: * Manipulation of development tools * Manipulation of a development environment * Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private) * Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies * Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms * Compromised/infected system images (removable media infected at the factory)(Citation: IBM Storwize)(Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) * Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions * Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors * Shipment interdiction While supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, adversaries looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Adversaries may limit targeting to a desired victim set or distribute malicious software to a broad set of consumers but only follow up with specific victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open-source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise) In some cases, adversaries may conduct “second-order” supply chain compromises by leveraging the access gained from an initial supply chain compromise to further compromise a software component.(Citation: Krebs 3cx overview 2023) This may allow the threat actor to spread to even more victims.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5667
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5667. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the HTML-Scrubber module before 0.15 for Perl, when the comment feature is enabled, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted comment.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3362. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Video module before 7.x-2.11 for Drupal, when using the video WYSIWYG plugin, allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title.
Query: risk of Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compile
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5545. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5544, CVE-2015-5546, CVE-2015-5547, CVE-2015-5548, CVE-2015-5549, CVE-2015-5552, and CVE-2015-5553.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2725. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1, and Thunderbird before 38.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Code Signing
Matching passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Near-miss passage: T1553.004 Install Root Certificate. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate.(Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Installation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.(Citation: Operation Emmental) Atypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Superfish) Root certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) In macOS, the Ay M
Query: exploit Directory traversal vulnerability in download.php in the Zip Attachments plugin before 1.5.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4694. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 8.600000381469727. Directory traversal vulnerability in download.php in the Zip Attachments plugin before 1.5.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the za_file parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2995. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The RdsLogsEntry servlet in SysAid Help Desk before 15.2 does not properly check file extensions, which allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via a NULL byte after the extension, as demonstrated by a .war%00 file.
Query: actor TTPs: Stored Data Manipulation
Matching passage: T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Stored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565 Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0233
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0233. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.199999809265137. Multiple insecure Temporary File vulnerabilities in 389 Administration Server before 1.1.38.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6498. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. Alcatel-Lucent Home Device Manager before 4.1.10, 4.2.x before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to spoof and make calls as target devices.
Query: vulnerability: The Management plugin in RabbitMQ before 3.6.1 allows remote authenticated users with certain privileges to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via the (1) lengths_age
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8786. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.5. The Management plugin in RabbitMQ before 3.6.1 allows remote authenticated users with certain privileges to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via the (1) lengths_age or (2) lengths_incr parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6309. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) 8.5.6-106 and 9.6.0-042 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (file-descriptor consumption and device reload) via crafted HTTP requests, aka Bug ID CSCuw32211.
Query: SOC alert related to Cloud Accounts
Matching passage: T1585.003 Cloud Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create accounts with cloud providers that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, MEGA, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002) or to [Upload Tool](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002)s. Cloud accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure, such as [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003)s or [Serverless](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/007) infrastructure. Establishing cloud accounts may allow adversaries to develop sophisticated capabilities without managing their own servers.(Citation: Awake Security C2 Cloud) Creating [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/003) may also require adversaries to establish [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002) to register with the cloud provider.
Near-miss passage: T1585.002 Email Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Establishing email accounts may also allow adversaries to abuse free services – such as trial periods – to [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) for follow-on purposes.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin) Adversaries may also take steps to cultivate a persona around the email account, such as through use of [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001), to increase the chance of success of follow-on behaviors. Created email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) To decrease the chance of physically tying back operations to themselves, adversaries may make use of disposable email services.(Citation: Trend Micro R980 2016)
Query: rule covering Detects a command that accesses the VolumeShadowCopy in order to extract sensitive files such as the Security or SAM reg
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a command that accesses the VolumeShadowCopy in order to extract sensitive files such as the Security or SAM reg. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Sensitive File Access Via Volume Shadow Copy Backup id: f57f8d16-1f39-4dcb-a604-6c73d9b54b3d status: test description: 'Detects a command that accesses the VolumeShadowCopy in order to extract sensitive files such as the Security or SAM registry hives or the AD database (ntds.dit) ' references: - https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1423336151860002816?s=20 - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/03e9b8c2e86d6db450e5eceec057d7e369ee2389b9daecaf06331a95410aa5f8/detection - https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/ author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems), Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-09 modified: 2024-01-18 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_1: CommandLine|contains: \\\\\?\\GLOBALROOT\\Device\\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy selection_2: CommandLine|contains: - \\NTDS.dit - \\SYSTEM - \\SECURITY condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an instance identity has taken an action that isn't inside SSM. This can indicate that a compromised EC2 in. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: Malicious Usage Of IMDS Credentials Outside Of AWS Infrastructure id: 352a918a-34d8-4882-8470-44830c507aa3 status: test description: 'Detects when an instance identity has taken an action that isn''t inside SSM. This can indicate that a compromised EC2 instance is being used as a pivot point. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-identity-roles.html - https://ermetic.com/blog/aws/aws-ec2-imds-what-you-need-to-know/ - https://www.packetmischief.ca/2023/07/31/amazon-ec2-credential-exfiltration-how-it-happens-and-how-to-mitigate-it/#lifting-credentials-from-imds-this-is-why-we-cant-have-nice-things author: jamesc-grafana date: 2024-07-11 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.t1078.002 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: userIdentity.arn|re: .+:assumed-role/aws:.+ filter_main_generic: - eventSource: ssm.amazonaws.com - eventName: RegisterManagedInstance - sourceIPAddress: AWS Internal condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - A team has configured an EC2 instance to use instance profiles that grant the option for the EC2 instance to talk to other AWS Services level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-7074
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7074. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreMedia Playback in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a malformed media file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3815. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. The detect_version function in wiretap/logcat.c in the Android Logcat file parser in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.5 does not check the length of the payload, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a packet with a crafted payload, as demonstrated by a length of zero, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3906.
Query: risk of Buffer overflow on Hikvision NVR DS-76xxNI-E1/2 and DS-77xxxNI-E4 devices before 3.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (service interruption) via a c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4407. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.5. Buffer overflow on Hikvision NVR DS-76xxNI-E1/2 and DS-77xxxNI-E4 devices before 3.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (service interruption) via a crafted HTTP request, aka the PSIA issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2441. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 and Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2452.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4522
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4522. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The nsUnicodeToUTF8::GetMaxLength function in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, related to an "overflow."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9176. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, Input_address is registered as a shared buffer and is not properly checked before use in OEMCrypto_Generic_Sign(). This allows addresses to be accessed that reside in secure/CP memory.
Query: how to detect Archive via Custom Method
Matching passage: T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)
Near-miss passage: T1560 Archive Collected Data. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. Both compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.
Query: write Sigma for Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Curl File Upload To File Sharing Websites id: e328cc73-f92a-42fb-b3fa-7c2cffda981a related: - id: 00bca14a-df4e-4649-9054-3f2aa676bc04 type: derived - id: 7d1aaf3d-4304-425c-b7c3-162055e0b3ab type: similar status: experimental description: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration. author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-backdoor-squidoor/ date: 2026-03-29 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \curl.exe - OriginalFileName: curl.exe selection_cli_domain: CommandLine|contains: - 0x0.st - bashupload.com - chunk.io - file.io - filebin.net - pastebin - send.firefox.com - temp.sh - transfer.sh - ufile.io - uploadfiles.io - wetransfer.com - x0.at selection_cli_flags: - CommandLine|contains: - ' --form' - ' --upload-file' - ' --data' - ' -X POST' - ' --request POST ' - CommandLine|re: - \s-[FTd]\s - \s-sT\s condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate file uploads to these services by administrators or developers level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect use of PDQ Deploy remote admin tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PDQ Deploy Remote Adminstartion Tool Execution id: d679950c-abb7-43a6-80fb-2a480c4fc450 related: - id: 12b8e9f5-96b2-41e1-9a42-8c6779a5c184 type: similar status: test description: Detect use of PDQ Deploy remote admin tool references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/9e5b12c4912c07562aec7500447b11fa3e17e254/atomics/T1072/T1072.md - https://www.pdq.com/pdq-deploy/ author: frack113 date: 2022-10-01 modified: 2023-01-30 tags: - attack.execution - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1072 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Description: PDQ Deploy Console - Product: PDQ Deploy - Company: PDQ.com - OriginalFileName: PDQDeployConsole.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Query: risk of The events-manager plugin before 5.5.7.1 for WordPress has DOM XSS.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9299. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The events-manager plugin before 5.5.7.1 for WordPress has DOM XSS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2333. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the MyCode editor in MyBB (aka MyBulletinBoard) before 1.8.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of IBM Workflow for Bluemix does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0102. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. IBM Workflow for Bluemix does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8332. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Huawei Video Content Management (VCM) before V100R001C10SPC001 does not properly "authenticate online user identities and privileges," which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges and perform a case operation as another user via a crafted message, aka "Horizontal Privilege Escalation Vulnerability."