alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: campaign using Service Stop
Matching passage: T1489 Service Stop. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) Adversaries may accomplish this by disabling individual services of high importance to an organization, such as <code>MSExchangeIS</code>, which will make Exchange content inaccessible.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) In some cases, adversaries may stop or disable many or all services to render systems unusable.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Services or processes may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services or processes in order to conduct [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) on the data stores of services like Exchange and SQL Server, or on virtual machines hosted on ESXi infrastructure.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021) Threat actors may also disable or stop service in cloud environments. For example, by leveraging the `DisableAPIServiceAccess` API in AWS, a threat actor may prevent the service from creating service-linked roles on new accounts in the AWS Organization.(Citation: Datadog Security Labs Cloud Persistence 2025)(Citation: AWS DisableAWSServiceAccess)
Near-miss passage: T1496.001 Compute Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the compute resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. One common purpose for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) and cryptocurrency mining.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs) Additionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware identify then kill off processes for competing malware to ensure it’s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)
Query: risk of Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Unified Intelligence Center 10.0(1) and 10.6(1) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication o
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4274. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Unified Intelligence Center 10.0(1) and 10.6(1) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug IDs CSCuu94862 and CSCuu97936.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9440. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The monetize plugin through 1.03 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via wp-admin/admin.php?page=monetize-zones-new.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6382
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6382. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 16.0(900) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (telnetd process restart) via a TELNET connection, aka Bug ID CSCuv25815.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1081. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Query: exploit The SlideshowPluginSlideshowStylesheet::loadStylesheetByAJAX function in the Slideshow plugin 2.2.8 through 2.2.21 for Wordpress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary Wordpress
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3634. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The SlideshowPluginSlideshowStylesheet::loadStylesheetByAJAX function in the Slideshow plugin 2.2.8 through 2.2.21 for Wordpress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary Wordpress option values.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4519. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 allow user-assisted remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and discover a redirect's target URL via crafted JavaScript code that executes after a drag-and-drop action of an image into a TEXTBOX element.
Query: explain CWE-221
Matching passage: CWE-221 Information Loss or Omission. The product does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1046 Creation of Immutable Text Using String Concatenation. The product creates an immutable text string using string concatenation operations.
Query: risk of The NSURL implementation in the CFNetwork SSL component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers after a certificate change, which allows 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5824. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The NSURL implementation in the CFNetwork SSL component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers after a certificate change, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3322. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. Lenovo ThinkServer RD350, RD450, RD550, RD650, and TD350 servers before 1.26.0 use weak encryption to store (1) user and (2) administrator BIOS passwords, which allows attackers to decrypt the passwords via unspecified vectors.
Query: weakness Out-of-bounds Read
Matching passage: CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read. The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Near-miss passage: CWE-208 Observable Timing Discrepancy. Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
Query: what is T1010
Matching passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Near-miss passage: T1615 Group Policy Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information on Group Policy settings to identify paths for privilege escalation, security measures applied within a domain, and to discover patterns in domain objects that can be manipulated or used to blend in the environment. Group Policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). Group policy objects (GPOs) are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predictable network path `\<DOMAIN>\SYSVOL\<DOMAIN>\Policies\`.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016) Adversaries may use commands such as <code>gpresult</code> or various publicly available PowerShell functions, such as <code>Get-DomainGPO</code> and <code>Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup</code>, to gather information on Group Policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft gpresult)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire) Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining potential attack paths within the target network as well as opportunities to manipulate Group Policy settings (i.e. [Domain or Tenant Policy Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484)) for their benefit.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2852
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2852. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3363. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Contact Form Fields module before 6.x-2.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete fields via unspecified vectors.
Query: explain T1565.003 Runtime Data Manipulation
Matching passage: T1565.003 Runtime Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Adversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Manipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: detection rule: Detect the use of processes with no name (".exe"), which can be used to evade Image-based detections.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect the use of processes with no name (".exe"), which can be used to evade Image-based detections.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Process Launched Without Image Name id: f208d6d8-d83a-4c2c-960d-877c37da84e5 status: test description: Detect the use of processes with no name (".exe"), which can be used to evade Image-based detections. references: - https://www.huntress.com/blog/fake-browser-updates-lead-to-boinc-volunteer-computing-software author: Matt Anderson (Huntress) date: 2024-07-23 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare legitimate software. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Bitsadmin connections to IP addresses instead of FQDN names. Logsource: proxy. Rule: title: Bitsadmin to Uncommon IP Server Address id: 8ccd35a2-1c7c-468b-b568-ac6cdf80eec3 status: test description: Detects Bitsadmin connections to IP addresses instead of FQDN names references: - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft+BITS+Used+to+Download+Payloads/21027 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-10 modified: 2022-08-24 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1071.001 - attack.persistence - attack.t1197 - attack.s0190 logsource: category: proxy detection: selection: c-useragent|startswith: Microsoft BITS/ cs-host|endswith: - '1' - '2' - '3' - '4' - '5' - '6' - '7' - '8' - '9' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: The kernel in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion" during Mach task processing.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5932. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion" during Mach task processing.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1790. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The PKCS7_dataDecodefunction in crypto/pkcs7/pk7_doit.c in OpenSSL before 0.9.8zg, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0s, 1.0.1 before 1.0.1n, and 1.0.2 before 1.0.2b allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a PKCS#7 blob that uses ASN.1 encoding and lacks inner EncryptedContent data.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8388
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8388. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. PCRE before 8.38 mishandles the /(?=di(?<=(?1))|(?=(.))))/ pattern and related patterns with an unmatched closing parenthesis, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted regular expression, as demonstrated by a JavaScript RegExp object encountered by Konqueror.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9150. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, MDM9635M, SD 400, and SD 800, while computing the length of memory allocated for a Diag event, if the buffer length is very small or greater than the maximum, an integer overflow may occur, which later results in a buffer overflow.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Backup Software Discovery
Matching passage: T1518.002 Backup Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of backup software or configurations that are installed on a system. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486). Commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), `reg query` with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), `dir` with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for, such as Veeam, Acronis, Dropbox, or Paragon.(Citation: Symantec Play Ransomware 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1518.001 Security Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as cloud monitoring agents and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Example commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), <code>reg query</code> with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), <code>dir</code> with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for. It is becoming more common to see macOS malware perform checks for LittleSnitch and KnockKnock software. Adversaries may also utilize the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009) to discover cloud-native security software installed on compute infrastructure, such as the AWS CloudWatch agent, Azure VM Agent, and Google Cloud Monitor agent. These agents may collect metrics and logs from the VM, which may be centrally aggregated in a cloud-based monitoring platform.
Query: vulnerability: The FastL4 virtual server in F5 BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and PEM 11.3.0 through 11.5.2 and 11.6.0 through 11.6.0 HF4, BIG-IP Edge Gateway, W
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4638. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The FastL4 virtual server in F5 BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and PEM 11.3.0 through 11.5.2 and 11.6.0 through 11.6.0 HF4, BIG-IP Edge Gateway, WebAccelerator, and WOM 11.2.1 through 11.3.0, and BIG-IP PSM 11.2.1 through 11.4.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Traffic Management Microkernel restart) via a fragmented packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1000002. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.199999809265137. Open Proxy in filedownload v1.4 wordpress plugin
Query: detection rule: Detects read access to a domain user from a non-machine account
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects read access to a domain user from a non-machine account. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Potential AD User Enumeration From Non-Machine Account id: ab6bffca-beff-4baa-af11-6733f296d57a status: test description: Detects read access to a domain user from a non-machine account references: - https://www.specterops.io/assets/resources/an_ace_up_the_sleeve.pdf - http://www.stuffithoughtiknew.com/2019/02/detecting-bloodhound.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/adschema/attributes-all - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4662 author: Maxime Thiebaut (@0xThiebaut) date: 2020-03-30 modified: 2022-11-08 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: 'Requirements: The "Read all properties" permission on the user object needs to be audited for the "Everyone" principal' detection: selection: EventID: 4662 ObjectType|contains: bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2 AccessMask|endswith: - 1? - 3? - 4? - 7? - 9? - B? - D? - F? filter_main_machine_accounts: SubjectUserName|endswith: $ filter_main_msql: SubjectUserName|startswith: MSOL_ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Administrators configuring new users. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects CSExec service installation and execution events. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: CSExec Service Installation id: a27e5fa9-c35e-4e3d-b7e0-1ce2af66ad12 status: test description: Detects CSExec service installation and execution events references: - https://github.com/malcomvetter/CSExec author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_eid: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_service: - ServiceName: csexecsvc - ImagePath|endswith: \csexecsvc.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3765
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3765. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3788, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3791, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5751, CVE-2015-5753, and CVE-2015-5779.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6168. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Edge Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6153.
Query: detect Create Cloud Instance
Matching passage: T1578.002 Create Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Creating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.
Near-miss passage: T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)