alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection rule: Detects DNS queries to domains commonly used by threat actors to host malware payloads or redirect through URL shortener
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries to domains commonly used by threat actors to host malware payloads or redirect through URL shortener. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query To Common Malware Hosting and Shortener Services id: f8c1e80b-c73a-476a-ae24-6c72528b1521 status: experimental description: 'Detects DNS queries to domains commonly used by threat actors to host malware payloads or redirect through URL shorteners. These include platforms like Cloudflare Workers, TryCloudflare, InfinityFree, and URL shorteners such as tinyurl and lihi.cc. Such DNS activity can indicate potential delivery or command-and-control communication attempts. ' references: - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt41-innovative-tactics author: Ahmed Nosir (@egycondor) date: 2025-06-02 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection: QueryName|contains: - msapp.workers.dev - trycloudflare.com - infinityfreeapp.com - my5353.com - reurl.cc - lihi.cc - tinyurl.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of these services is possible but rare in enterprise environments level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects global permissions change activity.. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket Global Permission Changed id: aac6c4f4-87c7-4961-96ac-c3fd3a42c310 status: test description: Detects global permissions change activity. references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/audit-log-events-776640423.html - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/global-permissions-776640369.html author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1098 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Advance" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Permissions auditType.action: - Global permission remove request - Global permission removed - Global permission granted - Global permission requested condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate user activity. level: medium
Query: risk of The bdfReadProperties function in bitmap/bdfread.c in X.Org libXfont before 1.4.9 and 1.5.x before 1.5.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (out-of-boun
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1802. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.5. The bdfReadProperties function in bitmap/bdfread.c in X.Org libXfont before 1.4.9 and 1.5.x before 1.5.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a (1) negative or (2) large property count in a BDF font file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2521. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3, Excel 2010 SP2, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, and Excel Viewer allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox prior to 4.3.20 allows local users to affect integrity and availability via vect
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0427. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.200000047683716. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox prior to 4.3.20 allows local users to affect integrity and availability via vectors related to VMSVGA virtual graphics device, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-6588, CVE-2014-6589, CVE-2014-6590, and CVE-2014-6595.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5417. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in HP KeyView before 10.23.0.1 and 10.24.x before 10.24.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-2876.
Query: exploit Buffer overflow in HP LoadRunner 11.52 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2110. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in HP LoadRunner 11.52 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3317. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. CA Common Services, as used in CA Client Automation r12.5 SP01, r12.8, and r12.9; CA Network and Systems Management r11.0, r11.1, and r11.2; CA NSM Job Management Option r11.0, r11.1, and r11.2; CA Universal Job Management Agent; CA Virtual Assurance for Infrastructure Managers (aka SystemEDGE) 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, and 12.9; and CA Workload Automation AE r11, r11.3, r11.3.5, and r11.3.6 on UNIX, does not properly perform bounds checking, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
Query: explain CWE-1100
Matching passage: CWE-1100 Insufficient Isolation of System-Dependent Functions. The product or code does not isolate system-dependent functionality into separate standalone modules.
Near-miss passage: CWE-248 Uncaught Exception. An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2137
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2137. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Operations Manager i (OMi) 9.22, 9.23, 9.24, 9.25, 10.00, and 10.01 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2578. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows remote attackers to affect availability via vectors related to Kernel IDMap.
Query: alert when Detects suspicious use of an .exe extension after a non-executable file extension like .pdf.exe, a set of spaces or unde
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious use of an .exe extension after a non-executable file extension like .pdf.exe, a set of spaces or unde. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Double Extension File Execution id: 1cdd9a09-06c9-4769-99ff-626e2b3991b8 related: - id: 5e6a80c8-2d45-4633-9ef4-fa2671a39c5c type: similar status: stable description: Detects suspicious use of an .exe extension after a non-executable file extension like .pdf.exe, a set of spaces or underlines to cloak the executable file in spear phishing campaigns references: - https://blu3-team.blogspot.com/2019/06/misleading-extensions-xlsexe-docexe.html - https://twitter.com/blackorbird/status/1140519090961825792 - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/cybercriminals-weaponize-fake-ai-websites author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), @blu3_team (idea), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-06-26 modified: 2025-05-30 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1566.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - ' .exe' - ______.exe - .doc.exe - .doc.js - .docx.exe - .docx.js - .gif.exe - .jpeg.exe - .jpg.exe - .mkv.exe - .mov.exe - .mp3.exe - .mp4.exe - .pdf.exe - .pdf.js - .png.exe - .ppt.exe - .ppt.js - .pptx.exe - .pptx.js - .rtf.exe - .rtf.js - .svg.exe - .txt.exe - .txt.js - .xls.exe - .xls.js - .xlsx.exe - .xlsx.js - ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' .exe' - ______.exe - .doc.exe - .doc.js - .docx.exe - .docx.js - .gif.exe - .jpeg.exe - .jpg.exe - .mkv.exe - .mov.exe - .mp3.exe - .mp4.exe - .pdf.exe - .pdf.js - .png.exe - .ppt.exe - .ppt.js - .pptx.exe - .pptx.js - .rtf.exe - .rtf.js - .svg.exe - .txt.exe - .txt.js - .xls.exe - .xls.js - .xlsx.exe - .xlsx.js - ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the restoration of files from the defender quarantine. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Win Defender Restored Quarantine File id: bc92ca75-cd42-4d61-9a37-9d5aa259c88b status: test description: Detects the restoration of files from the defender quarantine references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-06 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 1009 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrator activity restoring a file level: high
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with SSH
Matching passage: T1021.004 SSH. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. SSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. On ESXi, SSH can be enabled either directly on the host (e.g., via `vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh`) or via vCenter.(Citation: Sygnia ESXi Ransomware 2025)(Citation: TrendMicro ESXI Ransomware)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user’s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user (i.e., [SSH Authorized Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004)).
Near-miss passage: T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)
Query: execution using ESXi Administration Command
Matching passage: T1675 ESXi Administration Command. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse ESXi administration services to execute commands on guest machines hosted within an ESXi virtual environment. Persistent background services on ESXi-hosted VMs, such as the VMware Tools Daemon Service, allow for remote management from the ESXi server. The tools daemon service runs as `vmtoolsd.exe` on Windows guest operating systems, `vmware-tools-daemon` on macOS, and `vmtoolsd ` on Linux.(Citation: Broadcom VMware Tools Services) Adversaries may leverage a variety of tools to execute commands on ESXi-hosted VMs – for example, by using the vSphere Web Services SDK to programmatically execute commands and scripts via APIs such as `StartProgramInGuest`, `ListProcessesInGuest`, `ListFileInGuest`, and `InitiateFileTransferFromGuest`.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence VMWare ESXi Zero-Day 2023)(Citation: Broadcom Running Guest OS Operations) This may enable follow-on behaviors on the guest VMs, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083), [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005), or [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003).
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).
Query: common weakness: Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection)
Matching passage: CWE-75 Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection). The product does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.
Near-miss passage: CWE-672 Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release. The product uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1564
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1564. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in style-underground/search in Plain Black WebGUI 7.10.29 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Search field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3620. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the advanced dataset reports page in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 5.0.0 through 5.0.10 and 5.2.0 through 5.2.1 and FortiManager 5.0.3 through 5.0.10 and 5.2.0 through 5.2.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7394
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7394. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.0. The datastor kernel module in F5 BIG-IP Analytics, APM, ASM, Link Controller, and LTM 11.1.0 before 12.0.0, BIG-IP AAM 11.4.0 before 12.0.0, BIG-IP AFM, PEM 11.3.0 before 12.0.0, BIG-IP Edge Gateway, WebAccelerator, and WOM 11.1.0 through 11.3.0, BIG-IP GTM 11.1.0 through 11.6.0, BIG-IP PSM 11.1.0 through 11.4.1, BIG-IQ Cloud and Security 4.0.0 through 4.5.0, BIG-IQ Device 4.2.0 through 4.5.0, BIG-IQ ADC 4.5.0, and Enterprise Manager 3.0.0 through 3.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service or gain privileges by leveraging permission to upload and execute code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5637. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Newphoria Photon application before 1.2 for Android allows attackers to bypass a URL whitelist protection mechanism and obtain API access via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8056
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8056. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0303. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 16.0.0.272 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 16.0.0.272, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 16.0.0.272 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0306.
Query: vulnerability: git-fastclone before 1.0.5 passes user modifiable strings directly to a shell command. An attacker can execute malicious commands by modifying the strings that are passed as argume
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8969. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. git-fastclone before 1.0.5 passes user modifiable strings directly to a shell command. An attacker can execute malicious commands by modifying the strings that are passed as arguments to "cd " and "git clone " commands in the library.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5274. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 6.5. rubygem-openshift-origin-console in Red Hat OpenShift 2.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request to the Broker.
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in search.php in NPDS Revolution 13 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the query parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1400. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in search.php in NPDS Revolution 13 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the query parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1560. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the isUserAdmin function in include/common/common-Func.php in Centreon (formerly Merethis Centreon) 2.5.4 and earlier (fixed in Centreon web 2.7.0) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the sid parameter to include/common/XmlTree/GetXmlTree.php.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Resource Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496 Resource Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Resource hijacking may take a number of different forms. For example, adversaries may: * Leverage compute resources in order to mine cryptocurrency * Sell network bandwidth to proxy networks * Generate SMS traffic for profit * Abuse cloud-based messaging services to send large quantities of spam messages In some cases, adversaries may leverage multiple types of Resource Hijacking at once.(Citation: Sysdig Cryptojacking Proxyjacking 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1496.003 SMS Pumping. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a telecommunications provider, then leverages a victim’s messaging infrastructure to send large amounts of SMS messages to numbers in that set. By generating SMS traffic to their phone number set, a threat actor may earn payments from the telecommunications provider.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping Fraud) Threat actors often use publicly available web forms, such as one-time password (OTP) or account verification fields, in order to generate SMS traffic. These fields may leverage services such as Twilio, AWS SNS, and Amazon Cognito in the background.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)(Citation: AWS RE:Inforce Threat Detection 2024) In response to the large quantity of requests, SMS costs may increase and communication channels may become overwhelmed.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Advanced IP Scanner. Seems to be a popular tool for ransomware groups.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Advanced IP Scanner Execution id: bef37fa2-f205-4a7b-b484-0759bfd5f86f status: test description: Detects the use of Advanced IP Scanner. Seems to be a popular tool for ransomware groups. references: - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/12/09/snatch-ransomware-reboots-pcs-into-safe-mode-to-bypass-protection/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html - https://labs.f-secure.com/blog/prelude-to-ransomware-systembc - https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20444693/fbi-pin-egregor-ransomware-bc-01062021.pdf - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/01/18/all-that-for-a-coinminer - https://github.com/3CORESec/MAL-CL/tree/master/Descriptors/Other/Advanced%20IP%20Scanner author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), @ROxPinTeddy date: 2020-05-12 modified: 2023-02-07 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1046 - attack.t1135 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|contains: \advanced_ip_scanner - OriginalFileName|contains: advanced_ip_scanner - Description|contains: Advanced IP Scanner selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - /portable - /lng condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative use level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_pua_advanced_ip_scanner/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects path traversal exploitation attempts. Logsource: webserver. Rule: title: Path Traversal Exploitation Attempts id: 7745c2ea-24a5-4290-b680-04359cb84b35 status: test description: Detects path traversal exploitation attempts references: - https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates - https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/file-inclusion author: Subhash Popuri (@pbssubhash), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Thurein Oo, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-09-25 modified: 2023-08-31 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 logsource: category: webserver detection: selection: cs-uri-query|contains: - ../../../../../lib/password - ../../../../windows/ - ../../../etc/ - ..%252f..%252f..%252fetc%252f - ..%c0%af..%c0%af..%c0%afetc%c0%af - '%252e%252e%252fetc%252f' condition: selection falsepositives: - Expected to be continuously seen on systems exposed to the Internet - Internal vulnerability scanners level: medium