alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Keychain
Matching passage: T1555.001 Keychain. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. Keychain (or Keychain Services) is the macOS credential management system that stores account names, passwords, private keys, certificates, sensitive application data, payment data, and secure notes. There are three types of Keychains: Login Keychain, System Keychain, and Local Items (iCloud) Keychain. The default Keychain is the Login Keychain, which stores user passwords and information. The System Keychain stores items accessed by the operating system, such as items shared among users on a host. The Local Items (iCloud) Keychain is used for items synced with Apple’s iCloud service. Keychains can be viewed and edited through the Keychain Access application or using the command-line utility <code>security</code>. Keychain files are located in <code>~/Library/Keychains/</code>, <code>/Library/Keychains/</code>, and <code>/Network/Library/Keychains/</code>.(Citation: Keychain Services Apple)(Citation: Keychain Decryption Passware)(Citation: OSX Keychain Schaumann) Adversaries may gather user credentials from Keychain storage/memory. For example, the command <code>security dump-keychain –d</code> will dump all Login Keychain credentials from <code>~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db</code>. Adversaries may also directly read Login Keychain credentials from the <code>~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain</code> file. Both methods require a password, where the default password for the Login Keychain is the current user’s password to login to the macOS host.(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)(Citation: Empire Keychain Decrypt)
Near-miss passage: T1555 Credentials from Password Stores. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications and services that store passwords to make them easier for users to manage and maintain, such as password managers and cloud secrets vaults. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0990
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0990. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.400000095367432. Untrusted search path vulnerability in Ecava IntegraXor SCADA Server before 4.2.4488 allows local users to gain privileges via a renamed DLL in the default install directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4907. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Solaris Kernel Zones, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4820.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4171
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4171. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. strongSwan 4.3.0 through 5.x before 5.3.2 and strongSwan VPN Client before 1.4.6, when using EAP or pre-shared keys for authenticating an IKEv2 connection, does not enforce server authentication restrictions until the entire authentication process is complete, which allows remote servers to obtain credentials by using a valid certificate and then reading the responses.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8749. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The volume_utils._parse_volume_info function in OpenStack Compute (Nova) before 2015.1.3 (kilo) and 12.0.x before 12.0.1 (liberty) includes the connection_info dictionary in the StorageError message when using the Xen backend, which might allow attackers to obtain sensitive password information by reading log files or other unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of The WML/Lua API in Battle for Wesnoth 1.7.x through 1.11.x and 1.12.x before 1.12.2 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted (1) campaign or (2) map file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0844. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The WML/Lua API in Battle for Wesnoth 1.7.x through 1.11.x and 1.12.x before 1.12.2 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted (1) campaign or (2) map file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3690. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The DiskImages subsystem in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information for the kernel via a crafted app.
Query: impact using Data Manipulation
Matching passage: T1565 Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Stored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: vulnerability: The do_soap_call function in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 does not verify that the uri property is a string, which allows remot
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4148. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The do_soap_call function in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 does not verify that the uri property is a string, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by providing crafted serialized data with an int data type, related to a "type confusion" issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1609. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. MongoDB before 2.4.13 and 2.6.x before 2.6.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted UTF-8 string in a BSON request.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3717. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6692. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 5.0. Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: Sigma YAML for kubernetes / application / audit
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects enumeration of Kubernetes secrets.. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: Kubernetes Secrets Enumeration id: eeb3e9e1-b685-44e4-9232-6bb701f925b5 related: - id: 7ee0b4aa-d8d4-4088-b661-20efdf41a04c type: derived status: test description: Detects enumeration of Kubernetes secrets. references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/List%20K8S%20secrets/ author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.t1552.007 - attack.credential-access logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: list objectRef.resource: secrets condition: selection falsepositives: - The Kubernetes dashboard occasionally accesses the kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder secret level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies use of Fodhelper.exe to bypass User Account Control. Adversaries use this technique to execute privileged pro. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Bypass UAC via Fodhelper.exe id: 7f741dcf-fc22-4759-87b4-9ae8376676a2 status: test description: Identifies use of Fodhelper.exe to bypass User Account Control. Adversaries use this technique to execute privileged processes. references: - https://eqllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/analytics/e491ce22-792f-11e9-8f5c-d46d6d62a49e.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1548.002/T1548.002.md author: E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Tony Lambert), oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \fodhelper.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of fodhelper.exe utility by legitimate user level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-3717
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3717. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6692. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 5.0. Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: detection rule: Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: New Root or CA or AuthRoot Certificate to Store id: d223b46b-5621-4037-88fe-fda32eead684 status: test description: Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md#atomic-test-6---add-root-certificate-to-currentuser-certificate-store - https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec author: frack113 date: 2022-04-04 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ TargetObject|endswith: \Blob Details: Binary Data condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects service principal name (SPN) enumeration used for Kerberoasting. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential SPN Enumeration Via Setspn.EXE id: 1eeed653-dbc8-4187-ad0c-eeebb20e6599 status: test description: Detects service principal name (SPN) enumeration used for Kerberoasting references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173843/https://p16.praetorian.com/blog/how-to-use-kerberoasting-t1208-for-privilege-escalation - https://www.praetorian.com/blog/how-to-use-kerberoasting-t1208-for-privilege-escalation/?edition=2019 author: Markus Neis, keepwatch date: 2018-11-14 modified: 2023-10-23 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1558.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_pe: - Image|endswith: \setspn.exe - OriginalFileName: setspn.exe - Description|contains|all: - Query or reset the computer - SPN attribute selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' -q ' - ' /q ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Administration activity level: medium
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Content Rating extension 1.0.3 and earlier for TYPO3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1402. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Content Rating extension 1.0.3 and earlier for TYPO3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8797. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in webapp/web/js/scripts/plugins.js in the stats page in the Admin UI in Apache Solr before 5.3.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the entry parameter to a plugins/cache URI.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the presence of reversed PowerShell commands in the CommandLine. This is often used as a method of obfuscation b
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of reversed PowerShell commands in the CommandLine. This is often used as a method of obfuscation b. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential PowerShell Obfuscation Via Reversed Commands id: b6b49cd1-34d6-4ead-b1bf-176e9edba9a4 status: test description: Detects the presence of reversed PowerShell commands in the CommandLine. This is often used as a method of obfuscation by attackers references: - https://2019.offzone.moscow/ru/report/hunting-for-powershell-abuses/ - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=66 author: Teymur Kheirkhabarov (idea), Vasiliy Burov (rule), oscd.community, Tim Shelton date: 2020-10-11 modified: 2023-05-31 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - hctac - kaerb - dnammoc - ekovn - eliFd - rahc - etirw - golon - tninon - eddih - tpircS - ssecorp - llehsrewop - esnopser - daolnwod - tneilCbeW - tneilc - ptth - elifotevas - 46esab - htaPpmeTteG - tcejbO - maerts - hcaerof - retupmoc filter_main_encoded_keyword: CommandLine|contains: - ' -EncodedCommand ' - ' -enc ' condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects BGP failures which may be indicative of brute force attacks to manipulate routing. Logsource: cisco / bgp. Rule: title: Cisco BGP Authentication Failures id: 56fa3cd6-f8d6-4520-a8c7-607292971886 status: test description: Detects BGP failures which may be indicative of brute force attacks to manipulate routing references: - https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-03/bh-us-03-convery-franz-v3.pdf author: Tim Brown date: 2023-01-09 modified: 2023-01-23 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.t1110 - attack.t1557 logsource: product: cisco service: bgp definition: 'Requirements: cisco bgp logs need to be enabled and ingested' detection: keywords_bgp_cisco: '|all': - :179 - IP-TCP-3-BADAUTH condition: keywords_bgp_cisco falsepositives: - Unlikely. Except due to misconfigurations level: low
Query: describe CVE-2015-6695
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6695. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via crafted use of the value attribute, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6685, CVE-2015-6686, CVE-2015-6693, CVE-2015-6694, and CVE-2015-7622.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3329. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the phar_set_inode function in phar_internal.h in PHP before 5.4.40, 5.5.x before 5.5.24, and 5.6.x before 5.6.8 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted length value in a (1) tar, (2) phar, or (3) ZIP archive.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4067
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4067. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 10.0. Integer overflow in the libnv6 module in Dell NetVault Backup before 10.0.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted template string specifiers in a serialized object, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5560. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 10.0. Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a diffe
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4933. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4931, CVE-2015-4932, CVE-2015-4934, and CVE-2015-4935.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9034. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a string can fail to be null-terminated in SIP leading to a buffer overflow.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the WebGUI in pfSense before 2.2.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) zone parameter t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2294. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the WebGUI in pfSense before 2.2.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) zone parameter to status_captiveportal.php; (2) if or (3) dragtable parameter to firewall_rules.php; (4) queue parameter in an add action to firewall_shaper.php; (5) id parameter in an edit action to services_unbound_acls.php; or (6) filterlogentries_time, (7) filterlogentries_sourceipaddress, (8) filterlogentries_sourceport, (9) filterlogentries_destinationipaddress, (10) filterlogentries_interfaces, (11) filterlogentries_destinationport, (12) filterlogentries_protocolflags, or (13) filterlogentries_qty parameter to diag_logs_filter.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7604. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Splunk Web in Splunk Enterprise 6.2.x before 6.2.6 and Splunk Light 6.2.x before 6.2.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: mitigate Browser Fingerprint
Matching passage: T1036.012 Browser Fingerprint. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to blend in with legitimate traffic by spoofing browser and system attributes like operating system, system language, platform, user-agent string, resolution, time zone, etc. The HTTP User-Agent request header is a string that lets servers and network peers identify the application, operating system, vendor, and/or version of the requesting user agent.(Citation: Mozilla User Agent) Adversaries may gather this information through [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) or by users navigating to adversary-controlled websites, and then use that information to craft their web traffic to evade defenses.(Citation: Gummy Browsers Targeted Browser Spoofing against State-of-the-Art Fingerprinting Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1036.008 Masquerade File Type. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file’s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded and organized. For example, a file’s signature (also known as header or magic bytes) is the beginning bytes of a file and is often used to identify the file’s type. For example, the header of a JPEG file, is <code> 0xFF 0xD8</code> and the file extension is either `.JPE`, `.JPEG` or `.JPG`. Adversaries may edit the header’s hex code and/or the file extension of a malicious payload in order to bypass file validation checks and/or input sanitization. This behavior is commonly used when payload files are transferred (e.g., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and stored (e.g., [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001)) so that adversaries may move their malware without triggering detections. Common non-executable file types and extensions, such as text files (`.txt`) and image files (`.jpg`, `.gif`, etc.) may be typically treated as benign. Based on this, adversaries may use a file extension to disguise malware, such as naming a PHP backdoor code with a file name of <code>test.gif</code>. A user may not know that a file is malicious due to the benign appearance and file extension. Polyglot files, which are files that have multiple different file types and that function differently based on the application that will execute them, may also be used to disguise malicious malware and capabilities.(Citation: polygot_icedID)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8329
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8329. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. SAP Manufacturing Integration and Intelligence (aka MII, formerly xMII) uses weak encryption (Base64 and DES), which allows attackers to conduct downgrade attacks and decrypt passwords via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Security Note 2240274.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6932. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. VMware vCenter Server 5.5 before u3 and 6.0 before u1 does not verify X.509 certificates from TLS LDAP servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Query: explain CWE-612
Matching passage: CWE-612 Improper Authorization of Index Containing Sensitive Information. The product creates a search index of private or sensitive documents, but it does not properly limit index access to actors who are authorized to see the original information.
Near-miss passage: CWE-926 Improper Export of Android Application Components. The Android application exports a component for use by other applications, but does not properly restrict which applications can launch the component or access the data it contains.