alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Buffer overflow in the png_set_PLTE function in libpng before 1.0.65, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.55, 1.3.x, 1.4.x before 1.4.18, 1.5.x before 1.5.25, and 1.6.x before 1.6.20 allows
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8472. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the png_set_PLTE function in libpng before 1.0.65, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.55, 1.3.x, 1.4.x before 1.4.18, 1.5.x before 1.5.25, and 1.6.x before 1.6.20 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a small bit-depth value in an IHDR (aka image header) chunk in a PNG image. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-8126.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6079. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6068, CVE-2015-6072, CVE-2015-6073, CVE-2015-6075, CVE-2015-6077, CVE-2015-6080, and CVE-2015-6082.
Query: detection rule: Detects actions that clear the local ShimCache and remove forensic evidence
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects actions that clear the local ShimCache and remove forensic evidence. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: ShimCache Flush id: b0524451-19af-4efa-a46f-562a977f792e status: stable description: Detects actions that clear the local ShimCache and remove forensic evidence references: - https://medium.com/@blueteamops/shimcache-flush-89daff28d15e author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-02-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1a: CommandLine|contains|all: - rundll32 - apphelp.dll selection1b: CommandLine|contains: - ShimFlushCache - '#250' selection2a: CommandLine|contains|all: - rundll32 - kernel32.dll selection2b: CommandLine|contains: - BaseFlushAppcompatCache - '#46' condition: ( selection1a and selection1b ) or ( selection2a and selection2b ) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of WMIC with the "format" flag to potentially load local XSL files. Adversaries abuse this functio. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: XSL Script Execution Via WMIC.EXE id: 05c36dd6-79d6-4a9a-97da-3db20298ab2d related: - id: 06ce37c2-61ab-4f05-9ff5-b1a96d18ae32 type: similar - id: 8d63dadf-b91b-4187-87b6-34a1114577ea type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the execution of WMIC with the "format" flag to potentially load local XSL files. Adversaries abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files while potentially bypassing application whitelisting defenses. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1220/T1220.md author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2019-10-21 modified: 2026-01-24 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1047 - attack.t1220 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.005 - attack.t1059.007 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wmic.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe - Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=1B1A3F43BF37B5BFE60751F2EE2F326E - IMPHASH=37777A96245A3C74EB217308F3546F4C - IMPHASH=9D87C9D67CE724033C0B40CC4CA1B206 - IMPHASH=B12619881D79C3ACADF45E752A58554A - IMPHASH=16A48C3CABF98A9DC1BF02C07FE1EA00 selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains|windash: '-format:' filter_main_known_format: CommandLine|contains: - Format:List - Format:htable - Format:hform - Format:table - Format:mof - Format:value - Format:rawxml - Format:xml - Format:csv filter_main_remote_operation: CommandLine|contains: - :// - \\\\ condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - WMIC.exe FP depend on scripts and administrative methods used in the monitored environment. - Static format arguments - https://petri.com/command-line-wmi-part-3 level: medium
Query: exploit Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3098. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X and Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3099 and CVE-2015-3102.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1106. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The QuickType feature in the Keyboards subsystem in Apple iOS before 8.3 allows physically proximate attackers to discover passcodes by reading the lock screen during use of a Bluetooth keyboard.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Threat Intel Vendors
Matching passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Outbound C2 pattern associated with Weaken Encryption
Matching passage: Playbook for T1600 Weaken Encryption. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1600. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1600.001 Reduce Key Space. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: exploit Platform Software before 4.4.5 in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (CDM) 8.x has a hardcoded password for a privileged account, which allows remote attackers to obtain r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4196. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 5.0. Platform Software before 4.4.5 in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (CDM) 8.x has a hardcoded password for a privileged account, which allows remote attackers to obtain root access by leveraging knowledge of this password and entering it in an SSH session, aka Bug ID CSCuq45546.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8611. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, DNS, Link Controller, and PEM 12.0.0 before HF1 on the 2000, 4000, 5000, 7000, and 10000 platforms do not properly sync passwords with the Always-On Management (AOM) subsystem, which might allow remote attackers to obtain login access to AOM via an (1) expired or (2) default password.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7796
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7796. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Cybozu Office 9.0.0 through 10.3.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7795, CVE-2015-7797, CVE-2015-7798, CVE-2016-1149, and CVE-2016-1150.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9364. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. 2Checkout Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Query: rule covering Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by Impacket.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by Impacket.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: HackTool - Impacket File Indicators id: 03f4ca17-de95-428d-a75a-4ee78b047256 related: - id: 6e2a900a-ced9-4e4a-a9c2-13e706f9518a type: similar status: experimental description: Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by Impacket. references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2025/05/19/another-confluence-bites-the-dust-falling-to-elpaco-team-ransomware/ - https://github.com/fortra/impacket author: The DFIR Report, IrishDeath date: 2025-05-19 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection_names_re: TargetFilename|re: \\sessionresume_[a-zA-Z]{8}$ condition: selection_names_re falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to environment variables related to ETW logging via the CommandLine. This could indicate potential adver. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: ETW Logging Tamper In .NET Processes Via CommandLine id: 41421f44-58f9-455d-838a-c398859841d4 status: test description: 'Detects changes to environment variables related to ETW logging via the CommandLine. This could indicate potential adversaries stopping ETW providers recording loaded .NET assemblies. ' references: - https://twitter.com/_xpn_/status/1268712093928378368 - https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/0878832e-39d7-4eaf-8e16-a729c4c40975/what-can-i-use-e13c0d23ccbc4e12931bd9cc2eee27e4-for?forum=clr - https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/ee2355c801d892f2894b0f7b14a20e6cc50e0e54/docs/design/coreclr/jit/viewing-jit-dumps.md#setting-configuration-variables - https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/f62e93416a1799aecc6b0947adad55a0d9870732/src/coreclr/src/inc/clrconfigvalues.h#L35-L38 - https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/7abe42dc1123722ed385218268bb9fe04556e3d3/src/coreclr/src/inc/clrconfig.h#L33-L39 - https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/search?p=1&q=COMPlus_&unscoped_q=COMPlus_ - https://bunnyinside.com/?term=f71e8cb9c76a - http://managed670.rssing.com/chan-5590147/all_p1.html - https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/4f9ae42d861fcb4be2fcd5d3d55d5f227d30e723/docs/coding-guidelines/clr-jit-coding-conventions.md#1412-disabling-code - https://i.blackhat.com/EU-21/Wednesday/EU-21-Teodorescu-Veni-No-Vidi-No-Vici-Attacks-On-ETW-Blind-EDRs.pdf author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-05-02 modified: 2022-12-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - COMPlus_ETWEnabled - COMPlus_ETWFlags condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-4464
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4464. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Kguard Digital Video Recorder 104, 108, v2 does not have any authorization or authentication between an ActiveX client and the application server.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8332. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Huawei Video Content Management (VCM) before V100R001C10SPC001 does not properly "authenticate online user identities and privileges," which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges and perform a case operation as another user via a crafted message, aka "Horizontal Privilege Escalation Vulnerability."
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious child processes of the Veeam service process. This could indicate potential RCE or SQL Injection.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Child Process Of Veeam Dabatase id: d55b793d-f847-4eea-b59a-5ab09908ac90 related: - id: 869b9ca7-9ea2-4a5a-8325-e80e62f75445 type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious child processes of the Veeam service process. This could indicate potential RCE or SQL Injection. references: - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/fin7-target-veeam-servers author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-04 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \sqlservr.exe ParentCommandLine|contains: VEEAMSQL selection_child_1: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \wsl.exe - \wt.exe CommandLine|contains: - '-ex ' - bypass - cscript - DownloadString - http:// - https:// - mshta - regsvr32 - rundll32 - wscript - 'copy ' selection_child_2: Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe - \netstat.exe - \nltest.exe - \ping.exe - \tasklist.exe - \whoami.exe condition: selection_parent and 1 of selection_child_* level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to enable the guest account using the sysadminctl utility. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Guest Account Enabled Via Sysadminctl id: d7329412-13bd-44ba-a072-3387f804a106 status: test description: Detects attempts to enable the guest account using the sysadminctl utility references: - https://ss64.com/osx/sysadminctl.html author: Sohan G (D4rkCiph3r) date: 2023-02-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.t1078.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: selection: Image|endswith: /sysadminctl CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -guestAccount' - ' on' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: indicators of Cloud Service Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496.004 Cloud Service Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage compromised software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact hosted service availability. For example, adversaries may leverage email and messaging services, such as AWS Simple Email Service (SES), AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS), SendGrid, and Twilio, in order to send large quantities of spam / [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails and SMS messages.(Citation: Invictus IR DangerDev 2024)(Citation: Permiso SES Abuse 2023)(Citation: SentinelLabs SNS Sender 2024) Alternatively, they may engage in LLMJacking by leveraging reverse proxies to hijack the power of cloud-hosted AI models.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024)(Citation: Lacework LLMJacking 2024) In some cases, adversaries may leverage services that the victim is already using. In others, particularly when the service is part of a larger cloud platform, they may first enable the service.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024) Leveraging SaaS applications may cause the victim to incur significant financial costs, use up service quotas, and otherwise impact availability.
Near-miss passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5909
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5909. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. IDE Xcode Server in Apple Xcode before 7.0 does not properly restrict access to repository e-mail lists, which allows remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive build information in opportunistic circumstances by leveraging incorrect notification delivery.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4214. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Unified MeetingPlace 8.6(1.2) and 8.6(1.9) allows remote authenticated users to discover cleartext passwords by reading HTML source code, aka Bug ID CSCuu33050.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling System Owner/User Discovery
Matching passage: T1033 System Owner/User Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). The information may be collected in a number of different ways using other Discovery techniques, because user and username details are prevalent throughout a system and include running process ownership, file/directory ownership, session information, and system logs. Adversaries may use the information from [System Owner/User Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Various utilities and commands may acquire this information, including <code>whoami</code>. In macOS and Linux, the currently logged in user can be identified with <code>w</code> and <code>who</code>. On macOS the <code>dscl . list /Users | grep -v '_'</code> command can also be used to enumerate user accounts. Environment variables, such as <code>%USERNAME%</code> and <code>$USER</code>, may also be used to access this information. On network devices, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands such as `show users` and `show ssh` can be used to display users currently logged into the device.(Citation: show_ssh_users_cmd_cisco)(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1652 Device Driver Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate local device drivers on a victim host. Information about device drivers may highlight various insights that shape follow-on behaviors, such as the function/purpose of the host, present security tools (i.e. [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) or other defenses (e.g., [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497)), as well as potential exploitable vulnerabilities (e.g., [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068)). Many OS utilities may provide information about local device drivers, such as `driverquery.exe` and the `EnumDeviceDrivers()` API function on Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Driverquery)(Citation: Microsoft EnumDeviceDrivers) Information about device drivers (as well as associated services, i.e., [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007)) may also be available in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Registry Drivers) On Linux/macOS, device drivers (in the form of kernel modules) may be visible within `/dev` or using utilities such as `lsmod` and `modinfo`.(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)(Citation: lsmod man)(Citation: modinfo man)