alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: rule covering Detects suspicious DACL modifications via the "Set-Service" cmdlet using the "SecurityDescriptorSddl" flag (Only availab
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious DACL modifications via the "Set-Service" cmdlet using the "SecurityDescriptorSddl" flag (Only availab. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Service DACL Modification Via Set-Service Cmdlet id: a95b9b42-1308-4735-a1af-abb1c5e6f5ac related: - id: 99cf1e02-00fb-4c0d-8375-563f978dfd37 type: derived status: test description: Detects suspicious DACL modifications via the "Set-Service" cmdlet using the "SecurityDescriptorSddl" flag (Only available with PowerShell 7) that can be used to hide services or make them unstopable references: - https://www.sans.org/blog/red-team-tactics-hiding-windows-services/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/secauthz/sid-strings author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: pwsh.dll selection_sddl_flag: CommandLine|contains: - '-SecurityDescriptorSddl ' - '-sd ' selection_set_service: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'Set-Service ' - D;; CommandLine|contains: - ;;;IU - ;;;SU - ;;;BA - ;;;SY - ;;;WD condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects file execution using the msdeploy.exe lolbin. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Execute Files with Msdeploy.exe id: 646bc99f-6682-4b47-a73a-17b1b64c9d34 status: test description: Detects file execution using the msdeploy.exe lolbin references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Msdeploy/ - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/995837734379032576 - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/999090532839313408 author: Beyu Denis, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - verb:sync - -source:RunCommand - -dest:runCommand Image|endswith: \msdeploy.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - System administrator Usage level: medium
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Use Alternate Authentication Material
Matching passage: T1550 Use Alternate Authentication Material. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls. Authentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) along with one or more authentication factors (e.g., password, pin, physical smart card, token generator, etc.). Alternate authentication material is legitimately generated by systems after a user or application successfully authenticates by providing a valid identity and the required authentication factor(s). Alternate authentication material may also be generated during the identity creation process.(Citation: NIST Authentication)(Citation: NIST MFA) Caching alternate authentication material allows the system to verify an identity has successfully authenticated without asking the user to reenter authentication factor(s). Because the alternate authentication must be maintained by the system—either in memory or on disk—it may be at risk of being stolen through [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) techniques. By stealing alternate authentication material, adversaries are able to bypass system access controls and authenticate to systems without knowing the plaintext password or any additional authentication factors.
Near-miss passage: T1550.002 Pass the Hash. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. When performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems. Adversaries may also use stolen password hashes to "overpass the hash." Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8733
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8733. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The ngsniffer_process_record function in wiretap/ngsniffer.c in the Sniffer file parser in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the relationships between record lengths and record header lengths, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6369. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The USB driver in Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted USB device that triggers invalid USB commands, aka Bug ID CSCux10531.
Query: detect Web Cookies
Matching passage: T1606.001 Web Cookies. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access. Adversaries may generate these cookies in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) and other similar behaviors in that the cookies are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. Most common web applications have standardized and documented cookie values that can be generated using provided tools or interfaces.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) The generation of web cookies often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values. Once forged, adversaries may use these web cookies to access resources ([Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1606.002 SAML Tokens. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be specified in the <code>NotOnOrAfter</code> value of the <code>conditions ...</code> element in a token. This value can be changed using the <code>AccessTokenLifetime</code> in a <code>LifetimeTokenPolicy</code>.(Citation: Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes) Forged SAML tokens enable adversaries to authenticate across services that use SAML 2.0 as an SSO (single sign-on) mechanism.(Citation: Cyberark Golden SAML) An adversary may utilize [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) to compromise an organization's token-signing certificate to create forged SAML tokens. If the adversary has sufficient permissions to establish a new federation trust with their own Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server, they may instead generate their own trusted token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) This differs from [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528) and other similar behaviors in that the tokens are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. An adversary may gain administrative Entra ID privileges if a SAML token is forged which claims to represent a highly privileged account. This may lead to [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)
Query: detect Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - DInjector PowerShell Cradle Execution id: d78b5d61-187d-44b6-bf02-93486a80de5a status: test description: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20211001064856/https://github.com/snovvcrash/DInjector author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-12-07 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' /am51' - ' /password' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects use of chcp to look up the system locale value as part of host discovery. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Console CodePage Lookup Via CHCP id: 7090adee-82e2-4269-bd59-80691e7c6338 status: test description: Detects use of chcp to look up the system locale value as part of host discovery references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/04/04/stolen-images-campaign-ends-in-conti-ransomware/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp author: _pete_0, TheDFIRReport date: 2022-02-21 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1614.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \cmd.exe ParentCommandLine|contains|windash: - ' -c ' - ' -r ' - ' -k ' Image|endswith: \chcp.com CommandLine|endswith: - chcp - 'chcp ' - 'chcp ' condition: selection falsepositives: - During Anaconda update the 'conda.exe' process will eventually execution the 'chcp' command. - Discord was seen using chcp to look up code pages level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_chcp_codepage_lookup/info.yml
Query: risk of The NVIDIA Display Driver R304 before 309.08, R340 before 341.44, R343 before 345.20, and R346 before 347.52 does not properly validate local client impersonation levels when perfo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1170. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The NVIDIA Display Driver R304 before 309.08, R340 before 341.44, R343 before 345.20, and R346 before 347.52 does not properly validate local client impersonation levels when performing a "kernel administrator check," which allows local users to gain administrator privileges via unspecified API calls.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5515. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The Views Bulk Operations (VBO) module 6.x-1.x and 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.3 for Drupal, when the bulk operation for changing Roles is enabled, allows remote authenticated users to edit user accounts and add arbitrary roles to the accounts by leveraging access to a user account listing view with VBO enabled.
Query: risk of The ASN.1 decoder in Apple OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corru
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7060. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The ASN.1 decoder in Apple OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted certificate, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7059 and CVE-2015-7061.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5817. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Query: hunt for Container API activity
Matching passage: T1552.007 Container API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) An adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components.
Near-miss passage: T1552.004 Private Keys. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. Adversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:&#92;Users&#92;(username)&#92;.ssh&#92;</code> on Windows. Adversary tools may also search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia) When a device is registered to Entra ID, a device key and a transport key are generated and used to verify the device’s identity.(Citation: Microsoft Primary Refresh Token) An adversary with access to the device may be able to export the keys in order to impersonate the device.(Citation: AADInternals Azure AD Device Identities) On network devices, private keys may be exported via [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands such as `crypto pki export`.(Citation: cisco_deploy_rsa_keys) Some private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.
Query: rule covering Detects creation of a container with a hostPath mount. A hostPath volume mounts a directory or a file from the node to t
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of a container with a hostPath mount. A hostPath volume mounts a directory or a file from the node to t. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: Container With A hostPath Mount Created id: 402b955c-8fe0-4a8c-b635-622b4ac5f902 status: test description: 'Detects creation of a container with a hostPath mount. A hostPath volume mounts a directory or a file from the node to the container. Attackers who have permissions to create a new pod in the cluster may create one with a writable hostPath volume and chroot to escape to the underlying node. ' references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/Writable%20hostPath%20mount/ - https://blog.appsecco.com/kubernetes-namespace-breakout-using-insecure-host-path-volume-part-1-b382f2a6e216 author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.t1611 - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: create objectRef.resource: pods hostPath: '*' condition: selection falsepositives: - The DaemonSet controller creates pods with hostPath volumes within the kube-system namespace. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect changes of syslog daemons configuration files. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Logging Configuration Changes on Linux Host id: c830f15d-6f6e-430f-8074-6f73d6807841 status: test description: Detect changes of syslog daemons configuration files references: - self experience author: Mikhail Larin, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: PATH name: - /etc/syslog.conf - /etc/rsyslog.conf - /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative activity level: high
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8640. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8634, CVE-2015-8635, CVE-2015-8638, CVE-2015-8639, CVE-2015-8641, CVE-2015-8642, CVE-2015-8643, CVE-2015-8646, CVE-2015-8647, CVE-2015-8648, CVE-2015-8649, and CVE-2015-8650.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3026. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Icecast before 2.4.2, when a stream_auth handler is defined for URL authentication, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via a request without login credentials, as demonstrated by a request to "admin/killsource?mount=/test.ogg."
Query: Suspicious Rename Legitimate Utilities execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1036.003 Rename Legitimate Utilities. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may rename legitimate / system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for legitimate utilities adversaries are capable of abusing, including both built-in binaries and tools such as PSExec, AutoHotKey, and IronPython.(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)(Citation: Huntress Python Malware 2025)(Citation: The DFIR Report AutoHotKey 2023)(Citation: Splunk Detect Renamed PSExec) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>).(Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on these utilities executing from non-standard paths.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)
Near-miss passage: T1036.004 Masquerade Task or Service. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name as well as a display name. Many benign tasks and services exist that have commonly associated names. Adversaries may give tasks or services names that are similar or identical to those of legitimate ones. Tasks or services contain other fields, such as a description, that adversaries may attempt to make appear legitimate.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)
Query: Suspicious Exclusive Control execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1668 Exclusive Control. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries who successfully compromise a system may attempt to maintain persistence by “closing the door” behind them – in other words, by preventing other threat actors from initially accessing or maintaining a foothold on the same system. For example, adversaries may patch a vulnerable, compromised system(Citation: Mandiant-iab-control)(Citation: CERT AT Fortinent Ransomware 2025) to prevent other threat actors from leveraging that vulnerability in the future. They may “close the door” in other ways, such as disabling vulnerable services(Citation: sophos-multiple-attackers), stripping privileges from accounts(Citation: aquasec-postgres-processes), or removing other malware already on the compromised device.(Citation: fsecure-netsky) Hindering other threat actors may allow an adversary to maintain sole access to a compromised system or network. This prevents the threat actor from needing to compete with or even being removed themselves by other threat actors. It also reduces the “noise” in the environment, lowering the possibility of being caught and evicted by defenders. Finally, in the case of [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), leveraging a compromised device’s full power allows the threat actor to maximize profit.(Citation: sophos-multiple-attackers)
Near-miss passage: T1546.018 Python Startup Hooks. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may achieve persistence by leveraging Python’s startup mechanisms, including path configuration (`.pth`) files and the `sitecustomize.py` or `usercustomize.py` modules. These files are automatically processed during the initialization of the Python interpreter, allowing for the execution of arbitrary code whenever Python is invoked.(Citation: Volexity GlobalProtect CVE 2024) Path configuration files are designed to extend Python’s module search paths through the use of import statements. If a `.pth` file is placed in Python's `site-packages` or `dist-packages` directories, any lines beginning with `import` will be executed automatically on Python invocation.(Citation: DFIR Python Persistence 2025) Similarly, if `sitecustomize.py` or `usercustomize.py` is present in the Python path, these files will be imported during interpreter startup, and any code they contain will be executed.(Citation: Python Site Configuration Hook) Adversaries may abuse these mechanisms to establish persistence on systems where Python is widely used (e.g., for automation or scripting in production environments).
Query: describe CVE-2015-6516
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6516. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in cygnux.org sysPass 1.0.9 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the search parameter to ajax/ajax_search.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4222. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service 9.1(1) allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuq46325.