alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1064
Matching passage: T1064 Scripting. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.** Adversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts. Scripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them. Many popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1027.001 Binary Padding. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. Binary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ)
Query: describe CVE-2015-1244
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1244. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The URLRequest::GetHSTSRedirect function in url_request/url_request.cc in Google Chrome before 42.0.2311.90 does not replace the ws scheme with the wss scheme whenever an HSTS Policy is active, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network for WebSocket traffic.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2413. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to determine the existence of local files via a crafted module-resource request, aka "Internet Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: alert when Detects potential abuse of ntdsutil to dump ntds.dit database to a suspicious location
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential abuse of ntdsutil to dump ntds.dit database to a suspicious location. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: Dump Ntds.dit To Suspicious Location id: 94dc4390-6b7c-4784-8ffc-335334404650 status: test description: Detects potential abuse of ntdsutil to dump ntds.dit database to a suspicious location references: - https://twitter.com/mgreen27/status/1558223256704122882 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/jj574207(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-14 modified: 2023-10-23 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: windows service: application detection: selection_root: Provider_Name: ESENT EventID: 325 Data|contains: ntds.dit selection_paths: Data|contains: - :\ntds.dit - \Appdata\ - \Desktop\ - \Downloads\ - \Perflogs\ - \Temp\ - \Users\Public\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate backup operation/creating shadow copies level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "odbcconf" with the "-f" flag in order to load a response file with a non-".rsp" extension.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Response File Execution Via Odbcconf.EXE id: 2d32dd6f-3196-4093-b9eb-1ad8ab088ca5 related: - id: 5f03babb-12db-4eec-8c82-7b4cb5580868 type: derived - id: 65d2be45-8600-4042-b4c0-577a1ff8a60e type: obsolete status: test description: Detects execution of "odbcconf" with the "-f" flag in order to load a response file with a non-".rsp" extension. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-ver16 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Odbcconf/ - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/h/backdoor-carrying-emails-set-sights-on-russian-speaking-businesses.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-22 modified: 2024-03-13 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.008 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \odbcconf.exe - OriginalFileName: odbcconf.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -f ' filter_main_rsp_ext: CommandLine|contains: .rsp filter_main_runonce_odbc: ParentImage: C:\Windows\System32\runonce.exe Image: C:\Windows\System32\odbcconf.exe CommandLine|contains: .exe /E /F "C:\WINDOWS\system32\odbcconf.tmp" condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: Sigma YAML for jvm / application
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects XML parsing issues, if the application expects to work with XML make sure that the parser is initialized safely.. Logsource: jvm / application. Rule: title: Potential XXE Exploitation Attempt In JVM Based Application id: c4e06896-e27c-4583-95ac-91ce2279345d status: test description: Detects XML parsing issues, if the application expects to work with XML make sure that the parser is initialized safely. references: - https://rules.sonarsource.com/java/RSPEC-2755 - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/XML_External_Entity_(XXE)_Processing - https://www.wix.engineering/post/threat-and-vulnerability-hunting-with-application-server-error-logs author: Moti Harmats date: 2023-02-11 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 logsource: category: application product: jvm definition: 'Requirements: application error logs must be collected (with LOG_LEVEL=ERROR and above)' detection: keywords: - SAXParseException - DOMException condition: keywords falsepositives: - If the application expects to work with XML there may be parsing issues that don't necessarily mean XXE. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the password policy is enumerated.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Password Policy Enumerated id: 12ba6a38-adb3-4d6b-91ba-a7fb248e3199 status: test description: Detects when the password policy is enumerated. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4661 - https://github.com/jpalanco/alienvault-ossim/blob/f74359c0c027e42560924b5cff25cdf121e5505a/os-sim/agent/src/ParserUtil.py#L951 author: Zach Mathis date: 2023-05-19 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1201 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: dfd8c0f4-e6ad-4e07-b91b-f2fca0ddef64 detection: selection: EventID: 4661 AccessList|contains: '%%5392' ObjectServer: Security Account Manager condition: selection level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for linux / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of base64 utility to decode arbitrary base64-encoded text. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Decode Base64 Encoded Text id: e2072cab-8c9a-459b-b63c-40ae79e27031 status: test description: Detects usage of base64 utility to decode arbitrary base64-encoded text references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1027/T1027.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /base64 CommandLine|contains: -d condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to disable Windows Credential Guard by setting registry values to 0. Credential Guard uses virtualizati. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Windows Credential Guard Disabled - Registry id: 73921b9c-cafd-4446-b0c6-fdb0ace42bc0 related: - id: c17d47b7-dcd6-4109-87eb-d1817bd4cbc9 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects attempts to disable Windows Credential Guard by setting registry values to 0. Credential Guard uses virtualization-based security to isolate secrets so that only privileged system software can access them. Adversaries may disable Credential Guard to gain access to sensitive credentials stored in the system, such as NTLM hashes and Kerberos tickets, which can be used for lateral movement and privilege escalation. ' references: - https://woshub.com/disable-credential-guard-windows/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-12-26 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - \DeviceGuard\EnableVirtualizationBasedSecurity - \DeviceGuard\LsaCfgFlags - \Lsa\LsaCfgFlags Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_credential_guard_disabled/info.yml
Query: exfiltration using Automated Exfiltration
Matching passage: T1020 Automated Exfiltration. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020) When automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).
Near-miss passage: T1020.001 Traffic Duplication. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised infrastructure. Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some devices, often used for network analysis. For example, devices may be configured to forward network traffic to one or more destinations for analysis by a network analyzer or other monitoring device. (Citation: Cisco Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: Juniper Traffic Mirroring) Adversaries may abuse traffic mirroring to mirror or redirect network traffic through other infrastructure they control. Malicious modifications to network devices to enable traffic redirection may be possible through [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) or [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Many cloud-based environments also support traffic mirroring. For example, AWS Traffic Mirroring, GCP Packet Mirroring, and Azure vTap allow users to define specified instances to collect traffic from and specified targets to send collected traffic to.(Citation: AWS Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: GCP Packet Mirroring)(Citation: Azure Virtual Network TAP) Adversaries may use traffic duplication in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), or [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) depending on the goals and objectives of the adversary.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2788
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2788. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the ib_fill_isqlda function in dbdimp.c in DBD-Firebird before 1.19 allow remote attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors that trigger an error condition, related to binding octets to columns.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4932. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4931, CVE-2015-4933, CVE-2015-4934, and CVE-2015-4935.
Query: risk of Open edX edx-platform before 2015-08-25 requires use of the database for storage of SAML SSO secrets, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive info
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6671. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. Open edX edx-platform before 2015-08-25 requires use of the database for storage of SAML SSO secrets, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging access to a database backup.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5341. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. mod_scorm in Moodle through 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.11, 2.8.x before 2.8.9, and 2.9.x before 2.9.3 mishandles availability dates, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read SCORM contents via unspecified vectors.
Query: write Sigma for Detects usage of system utilities such as "find", "tree", "findmnt", etc, to discover files, directories and network sha
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities such as "find", "tree", "findmnt", etc, to discover files, directories and network sha. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: File and Directory Discovery - Linux id: d3feb4ee-ff1d-4d3d-bd10-5b28a238cc72 status: test description: 'Detects usage of system utilities such as "find", "tree", "findmnt", etc, to discover files, directories and network shares. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1083/T1083.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community, CheraghiMilad date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1083 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_file_with_asterisk: Image|endswith: /file CommandLine|re: (.){200,} selection_recursive_ls: Image|endswith: /ls CommandLine|contains: -R selection_find_execution: Image|endswith: /find selection_tree_execution: Image|endswith: /tree selection_findmnt_execution: Image|endswith: /findmnt selection_locate_execution: Image|endswith: /mlocate condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: informational
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new Outlook form which can contain malicious code. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via Outlook Form id: c3edc6a5-d9d4-48d8-930e-aab518390917 status: test description: Detects the creation of a new Outlook form which can contain malicious code references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=76 - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=79 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/outlook/concepts/outlook-forms/create-an-outlook-form - https://www.slipstick.com/developer/custom-form/clean-outlooks-forms-cache/ author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-06-10 modified: 2023-02-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1137.003 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: \outlook.exe TargetFilename|contains: - \AppData\Local\Microsoft\FORMS\IPM - \Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Forms condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of outlook forms level: high
Query: exploit A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in NREL api-umbrella-web 0.7.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Flash Message Handler. The manipulation
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10072. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in NREL api-umbrella-web 0.7.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Flash Message Handler. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 0.8.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is bcc0e922c61d30367678c8f17a435950969315cd. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-220060.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2933. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Html class in MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a LanguageConverter substitution string when using a language variant.
Query: exploit A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in OpenCycleCompass server-php. Affected is an unknown function of the file api1/login.php. The manipulation of the arg
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10086. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in OpenCycleCompass server-php. Affected is an unknown function of the file api1/login.php. The manipulation of the argument user leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The name of the patch is fa0d9bcf81c711a88172ad0d37a842f029ac3782. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221808.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1434. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in my little forum before 2.3.4 allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) letter parameter in a user action or (2) edit_category parameter to index.php.
Query: CWE for Sensitive Non-Volatile Information Not Protected During Debug
Matching passage: CWE-1243 Sensitive Non-Volatile Information Not Protected During Debug. Access to security-sensitive information stored in fuses is not limited during debug.
Near-miss passage: CWE-69 Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream. The product does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).
Query: explain T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery
Matching passage: T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099), [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100)/[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101), [nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102), and [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather information about configurations and settings, such as IP addresses of configured interfaces and static/dynamic routes (e.g. <code>show ip route</code>, <code>show ip interface</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion ) On ESXi, adversaries may leverage esxcli to gather network configuration information. For example, the command `esxcli network nic list` will retrieve the MAC address, while `esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get` will retrieve the local IPv4 address.(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024) Adversaries may use the information from [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining certain access within the target network and what actions to do next.
Near-miss passage: T1016.001 Internet Connection Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites, or performing initial speed testing to confirm bandwidth. Adversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.
Query: campaign using Purchase Technical Data
Matching passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).