alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: indicators of Scripting
Matching passage: T1064 Scripting. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.** Adversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts. Scripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them. Many popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1127 Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. There are many utilities used for software development related tasks that can be used to execute code in various forms to assist in development, debugging, and reverse engineering.(Citation: engima0x3 DNX Bypass)(Citation: engima0x3 RCSI Bypass)(Citation: Exploit Monday WinDbg)(Citation: LOLBAS Tracker) These utilities may often be signed with legitimate certificates that allow them to execute on a system and proxy execution of malicious code through a trusted process that effectively bypasses application control solutions. Smart App Control is a feature of Windows that blocks applications it considers potentially malicious from running by verifying unsigned applications against a known safe list from a Microsoft cloud service before executing them.(Citation: Microsoft Smart App Control) However, adversaries may leverage "reputation hijacking" to abuse an operating system’s trust of safe, signed applications that support the execution of arbitrary code. By leveraging [Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127) to run their malicious code, adversaries may bypass Smart App Control protections.(Citation: Elastic Security Labs)
Query: CWE for Use of Less Trusted Source
Matching passage: CWE-348 Use of Less Trusted Source. The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
Near-miss passage: CWE-284 Improper Access Control. The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Query: common weakness: Race Condition for Write-Once Attributes
Matching passage: CWE-1223 Race Condition for Write-Once Attributes. A write-once register in hardware design is programmable by an untrusted software component earlier than the trusted software component, resulting in a race condition issue.
Near-miss passage: CWE-282 Improper Ownership Management. The product assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7094
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7094. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. CFNetwork HTTPProtocol in Apple iOS before 9.2 and OS X before 10.11.2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass the HSTS protection mechanism via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9207. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, lack of input validation in playready_getadditional_responsedata could lead to a buffer overread.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8138
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8138. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. NTP before 4.2.8p6 and 4.3.x before 4.3.90 allows remote attackers to bypass the origin timestamp validation via a packet with an origin timestamp set to zero.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0633. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Integrated Management Controller (IMC) in Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 1.4(7h) and earlier on C-Series servers allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by sending crafted DHCP response packets on the local network, aka Bug ID CSCuf52876.
Query: vulnerability: Memory leak in Cisco Headend System Release allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCus91854.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4230. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Memory leak in Cisco Headend System Release allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCus91854.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0722. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The network drivers in Cisco TelePresence T, Cisco TelePresence TE, and Cisco TelePresence TC before 7.3.2 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process restart or device reload) via a flood of crafted IP packets, aka Bug ID CSCuj68952.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the copy builtin cmd command to copy files with the ".dmp"/".dump" extension from a remote share. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Copy .DMP/.DUMP Files From Remote Share Via Cmd.EXE id: 044ba588-dff4-4918-9808-3f95e8160606 status: test description: Detects usage of the copy builtin cmd command to copy files with the ".dmp"/".dump" extension from a remote share references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/09/26/bumblebee-round-two/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-27 modified: 2023-09-12 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'copy ' - ' \\\\' CommandLine|contains: - .dmp - .dump - .hdmp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Rundll32.exe with DLL files masquerading as image files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Rundll32 Execution With Image Extension id: 4aa6040b-3f28-44e3-a769-9208e5feb5ec related: - id: 089fc3d2-71e8-4763-a8a5-c97fbb0a403e type: similar status: test description: Detects the execution of Rundll32.exe with DLL files masquerading as image files references: - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/onenote-growing-threat-malware-distribution author: Hieu Tran date: 2023-03-13 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.011 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - .bmp - .cr2 - .eps - .gif - .ico - .jpeg - .jpg - .nef - .orf - .png - .raw - .sr2 - .tif - .tiff condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Heap-based buffer overflow in chrony before 1.31.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (chronyd crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code by configuring 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1821. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in chrony before 1.31.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (chronyd crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code by configuring the (1) NTP or (2) cmdmon access with a subnet size that is indivisible by four and an address with a nonzero bit in the subnet remainder.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2452. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2441.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9096
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9096. CWE: CWE-93. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Net::SMTP in Ruby before 2.4.0 is vulnerable to SMTP command injection via CRLF sequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command, as demonstrated by CRLF sequences immediately before and after a DATA substring.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9097. CWE: CWE-93. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The mail gem before 2.5.5 for Ruby (aka A Really Ruby Mail Library) is vulnerable to SMTP command injection via CRLF sequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command, as demonstrated by CRLF sequences immediately before and after a DATA substring.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Lateral movement indicators for Disk Wipe
Matching passage: Playbook for T1561 Disk Wipe. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1561. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: impact. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt to wipe arbitrary portions of disk data and/or wipe disk structures like the master boot record (MBR). A complete wipe of all
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1561.001 Disk Content Wipe. Different response path focused on impact.
Query: common weakness: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names
Matching passage: CWE-67 Improper Handling of Windows Device Names. The product constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.
Near-miss passage: CWE-26 Path Traversal: '/dir/../filename'. The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize /dir/../filename sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Query: detect Detects creation of ".vhd"/".vhdx" files by browser processes. Malware can use mountable Virtual Hard Disk ".vhd" files in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of ".vhd"/".vhdx" files by browser processes. Malware can use mountable Virtual Hard Disk ".vhd" files. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: VHD Image Download Via Browser id: 8468111a-ef07-4654-903b-b863a80bbc95 status: test description: 'Detects creation of ".vhd"/".vhdx" files by browser processes. Malware can use mountable Virtual Hard Disk ".vhd" files to encapsulate payloads and evade security controls. ' references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-october-2021/ - https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lazarus-vhd-ransomware/36559/ - https://securelist.com/lazarus-on-the-hunt-for-big-game/97757/ author: frack113, Christopher Peacock '@securepeacock', SCYTHE '@scythe_io' date: 2021-10-25 modified: 2023-05-05 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1587.001 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \brave.exe - \chrome.exe - \firefox.exe - \iexplore.exe - \maxthon.exe - \MicrosoftEdge.exe - \msedge.exe - \msedgewebview2.exe - \opera.exe - \safari.exe - \seamonkey.exe - \vivaldi.exe - \whale.exe TargetFilename|contains: .vhd condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate downloads of ".vhd" files would also trigger this level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of the event log files which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence. Logsource: windows / file_delete. Rule: title: EventLog EVTX File Deleted id: 63c779ba-f638-40a0-a593-ddd45e8b1ddc status: test description: Detects the deletion of the event log files which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-15 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070 logsource: category: file_delete product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\ TargetFilename|endswith: .evtx condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Clip.exe in Scripts
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Clip.exe in Scripts. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Use Clip - System id: 63e3365d-4824-42d8-8b82-e56810fefa0c status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Clip.exe in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-09 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 ImagePath|contains: (Clipboard|i condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential container discovery via listing of certain kernel features in the "/proc" virtual filesystem. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Container Residence Discovery Via Proc Virtual FS id: 746c86fb-ccda-4816-8997-01386263acc4 status: test description: Detects potential container discovery via listing of certain kernel features in the "/proc" virtual filesystem references: - https://blog.skyplabs.net/posts/container-detection/ - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20010199/how-to-determine-if-a-process-runs-inside-lxc-docker tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1082 author: Seth Hanford date: 2023-08-23 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_tools: Image|endswith: - awk - /cat - grep - /head - /less - /more - /nl - /tail selection_procfs_kthreadd: CommandLine|contains: /proc/2/ selection_procfs_target: CommandLine|contains: /proc/ CommandLine|endswith: - /cgroup - /sched condition: selection_tools and 1 of selection_procfs_* falsepositives: - Legitimate system administrator usage of these commands - Some container tools or deployments may use these techniques natively to determine how they proceed with execution, and will need to be filtered level: low
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Dnx.EXE. The Dnx utility allows for the execution of C# code. Attackers might abuse this in ord. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Application Whitelisting Bypass via Dnx.EXE id: 81ebd28b-9607-4478-bf06-974ed9d53ed7 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of Dnx.EXE. The Dnx utility allows for the execution of C# code. Attackers might abuse this in order to bypass application whitelisting. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Csi/ - https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/ author: Beyu Denis, oscd.community date: 2019-10-26 modified: 2024-04-24 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.t1027.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \dnx.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of dnx.exe by legitimate user level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveragin. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Indirect Command Execution via SFTP ProxyCommand id: 762bb580-79b4-40f4-8b9e-9349ce1710f4 status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveraging this legitimate Windows binary to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary commands while evading detection. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Sftp/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2025/05/09/lumma-stealer-coming-and-going/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-04-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sftp.exe CommandLine|contains: ProxyCommand= condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of SFTP with proxy commands for administration or networking tasks level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_lolbin_sftp_indirect_cmd_execution/info.yml
Query: secure coding against Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements
Matching passage: CWE-240 Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.
Near-miss passage: CWE-761 Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer. The product calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.
Query: Sigma YAML for aws / cloudtrail
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects failed AWS console login attempts due to authentication failures. Monitoring these events is crucial for identif. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS ConsoleLogin Failed Authentication id: 6393e346-1977-46ef-8987-ad414a145fad status: experimental description: 'Detects failed AWS console login attempts due to authentication failures. Monitoring these events is crucial for identifying potential brute-force attacks or unauthorized access attempts to AWS accounts. ' references: - https://naikordian.github.io/blog/posts/brute-force-aws-console/ - https://help.fortinet.com/fsiem/Public_Resource_Access/7_2_1/rules/PH_RULE_AWS_Management_Console_Brute_Force_of_Root_User_Identity.htm - https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1110.001/aws_login_failure/aws_cloudtrail_events.json author: Ivan Saakov, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2025-10-19 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventName: ConsoleLogin errorMessage: Failed authentication condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate failed login attempts by authorized users. Investigate the source of repeated failed login attempts. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects browsers starting with the remote debugging flags. Which is a technique often used to perform browser injection. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Browser Started with Remote Debugging id: b3d34dc5-2efd-4ae3-845f-8ec14921f449 related: - id: 3e8207c5-fcd2-4ea6-9418-15d45b4890e4 type: derived status: test description: Detects browsers starting with the remote debugging flags. Which is a technique often used to perform browser injection attacks references: - https://yoroi.company/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/EternityGroup_report_compressed.pdf - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2022/10/analysing-lastpass-part-1/ - https://github.com/defaultnamehere/cookie_crimes/ - https://github.com/wunderwuzzi23/firefox-cookiemonster author: pH-T (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-27 modified: 2022-12-23 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1185 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_chromium_based: CommandLine|contains: ' --remote-debugging-' selection_firefox: Image|endswith: \firefox.exe CommandLine|contains: ' -start-debugger-server' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: rule covering Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Use MSHTA id: ac20ae82-8758-4f38-958e-b44a3140ca88 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-08 modified: 2022-03-08 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - set - '&&' - mshta - vbscript:createobject - .run - (window.close) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a method to load DLL via LSASS process using an undocumented Registry key. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: DLL Load via LSASS id: b3503044-60ce-4bf4-bbcb-e3db98788823 status: test description: Detects a method to load DLL via LSASS process using an undocumented Registry key references: - https://blog.xpnsec.com/exploring-mimikatz-part-1/ - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1183745981189427200 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-10-16 modified: 2022-04-21 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.008 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\DirectoryServiceExtPt - \CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\LsaDbExtPt filter_domain_controller: Image: C:\Windows\system32\lsass.exe Details: - '%%systemroot%%\system32\ntdsa.dll' - '%%systemroot%%\system32\lsadb.dll' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8425. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2639. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Server : Security : Firewall.