alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this uti in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this uti. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Xwizard.EXE Execution From Non-Default Location id: 193d5ccd-6f59-40c6-b5b0-8e32d5ddd3d1 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of Xwizard tool from a non-default directory. When executed from a non-default directory, this utility can be abused in order to side load a custom version of "xwizards.dll". ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Xwizard/ - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2017/07/31/the-wizard-of-x-oppa-plugx-style/ author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-09-20 modified: 2024-08-15 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \xwizard.exe - OriginalFileName: xwizard.exe filter_main_legit_location: Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Windows installed on non-C drive level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious command sequence that JexBoss. Logsource: linux. Rule: title: JexBoss Command Sequence id: 8ec2c8b4-557a-4121-b87c-5dfb3a602fae status: test description: Detects suspicious command sequence that JexBoss references: - https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-312A author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-08-24 modified: 2025-11-22 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: linux detection: keywords: '|all': - bash -c /bin/bash - '&/dev/tcp/' condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7903. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6522. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the WP Symposium plugin before 15.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the size parameter to get_album_item.php.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in Jazz Team Server in Jazz Foundation in IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management (CLM) 3.x and 4.x before 4.0.7 IF8 and 5.x before 5.0.2 IF10; Ra
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1971. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Jazz Team Server in Jazz Foundation in IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management (CLM) 3.x and 4.x before 4.0.7 IF8 and 5.x before 5.0.2 IF10; Rational Quality Manager (RQM) 2.x and 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7, 4.x before 4.0.7 IF8, and 5.x before 5.0.2 IF10; Rational Team Concert (RTC) 2.x and 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7, 4.x before 4.0.7 IF8, and 5.x before 5.0.2 IF10; Rational Requirements Composer (RRC) 2.x and 3.x before 3.0.1.6 IF7 and 4.0 through 4.0.7; Rational DOORS Next Generation (RDNG) 4.x before 4.0.7 IF8 and 5.x before 5.0.2 IF10; Rational Engineering Lifecycle Manager (RELM) 1.0 through 1.0.0.1, 4.0.3 through 4.0.7, and 5.0 through 5.0.2; Rational Rhapsody Design Manager (DM) 3.0 through 3.0.1, 4.0 through 4.0.7, 5.0 through 5.0.2, and 6.0; and Rational Software Architect Design Manager (DM) 3.0 through 3.0.1, 4.0 through 4.0.7, and 5.0 through 5.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0836. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 36.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.5, and Thunderbird before 31.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: risk of Open-source ARJ archiver 3.10.22 does not properly remove leading slashes from paths, which allows remote attackers to conduct absolute path traversal attacks and write to arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0557. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open-source ARJ archiver 3.10.22 does not properly remove leading slashes from paths, which allows remote attackers to conduct absolute path traversal attacks and write to arbitrary files via multiple leading slashes in a path in an ARJ archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2970. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. index.php in LEMON-S PHP Simple Oekaki BBS before 1.21 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via the oekakis parameter.
Query: EDR alert: possible Binary Padding (T1027.001)
Matching passage: T1027.001 Binary Padding. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. Binary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ)
Near-miss passage: T1027.003 Steganography. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) By the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)
Query: how to detect Outlook Rules
Matching passage: T1137.005 Outlook Rules. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words from a specific sender. Malicious Outlook rules can be created that can trigger code execution when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to that user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules) Once malicious rules have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious rules will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)
Near-miss passage: T1137.004 Outlook Home Page. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page) Once malicious home pages have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)
Query: explain T1572 Protocol Tunneling
Matching passage: T1572 Protocol Tunneling. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. There are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) Adversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol or Service Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.
Near-miss passage: T1573.001 Symmetric Cryptography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Virtual Private Server
Matching passage: T1584.003 Virtual Private Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig) Compromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.
Near-miss passage: T1584.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations. By compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Additionally, adversaries may leverage such control in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004) to redirect traffic to adversary-controlled infrastructure, mimicking normal trusted network communications.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019) Alternatively, they may be able to prove ownership of a domain to a SaaS service in order to assert control of the service or create a new administrative [Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003).(Citation: CyberCX SaaS Domain Hijacking 2025) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)
Query: explain T1129 Shared Modules
Matching passage: T1129 Shared Modules. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may execute malicious payloads via loading shared modules. Shared modules are executable files that are loaded into processes to provide access to reusable code, such as specific custom functions or invoking OS API functions (i.e., [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)). Adversaries may use this functionality as a way to execute arbitrary payloads on a victim system. For example, adversaries can modularize functionality of their malware into shared objects that perform various functions such as managing C2 network communications or execution of specific actions on objective. The Linux & macOS module loader can load and execute shared objects from arbitrary local paths. This functionality resides in `dlfcn.h` in functions such as `dlopen` and `dlsym`. Although macOS can execute `.so` files, common practice uses `.dylib` files.(Citation: Apple Dev Dynamic Libraries)(Citation: Linux Shared Libraries)(Citation: RotaJakiro 2021 netlab360 analysis)(Citation: Unit42 OceanLotus 2017) The Windows module loader can be instructed to load DLLs from arbitrary local paths and arbitrary Universal Naming Convention (UNC) network paths. This functionality resides in `NTDLL.dll` and is part of the Windows [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) which is called from functions like `LoadLibrary` at run time.(Citation: Microsoft DLL)
Near-miss passage: T1059.006 Python. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020) Python comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.
Query: exploit Race condition in the IPC object implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 allows local users to gain privileges by triggering an ipc_addid call that leads to uid and gid co
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7613. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Race condition in the IPC object implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 allows local users to gain privileges by triggering an ipc_addid call that leads to uid and gid comparisons against uninitialized data, related to msg.c, shm.c, and util.c.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6126. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Race condition in the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted application, aka "Windows PGM UAF Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: SOC runbook when seeing SIEM correlation: persistence activity consistent with Re-opened Applications
Matching passage: Playbook for T1547.007 Re-opened Applications. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1547.007. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to "Reopen windows when logging back in".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When selected, all applications currently open are added to a property list file named <code>com.apple.l
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1547.009 Shortcut Modification. Different response path focused on persistence, privilege escalation.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2897
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2897. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 10.0. Sierra Wireless ALEOS before 4.4.2 on AirLink ES, GX, and LS devices has hardcoded root accounts, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a (1) SSH or (2) TELNET session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7514. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.5. OpenStack Ironic 4.2.0 through 4.2.1 does not "clean" the disk after use, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information.
Query: exploit IBM Content Collector for Email 3.0 before 3.0.0.6-IBM-ICC-Server-IF001 and 4.0 before 4.0.0.3-IBM-ICC-Server-IF001 does not properly handle an unspecified query operator during se
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0146. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM Content Collector for Email 3.0 before 3.0.0.6-IBM-ICC-Server-IF001 and 4.0 before 4.0.0.3-IBM-ICC-Server-IF001 does not properly handle an unspecified query operator during searches of IBM FileNet P8 systems with IBM Content Search Services, which allows local users to bypass intended document-access restrictions and obtain sensitive information via a crafted search query.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1810. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The HudsonPrivateSecurityRealm class in Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 does not restrict access to reserved names when using the "Jenkins' own user database" setting, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges by creating a reserved name.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7991
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7991. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Web Dispatcher service in SAP HANA DB 1.00.73.00.389160 (NewDB100_REL) allows remote attackers to read web dispatcher and security trace files and possibly obtain passwords via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Security Note 2148854.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6086. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: write Sigma for Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Lolbin Unregmp2.exe Use As Proxy id: 727454c0-d851-48b0-8b89-385611ab0704 status: test description: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe" references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Unregmp2/ author: frack113 date: 2022-12-29 modified: 2024-06-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \unregmp2.exe - OriginalFileName: unregmp2.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' /HideWMP' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potentially suspicious loading of the Offline Registry Library (offreg.dll). Offreg.dll enables direct read/writ. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Image Load of Offreg.dll id: c9e5f013-4a6f-4d8c-9b0e-f7a4c3d26e95 status: experimental description: 'Detects potentially suspicious loading of the Offline Registry Library (offreg.dll). Offreg.dll enables direct read/write access to offline registry hives without invoking the Windows Registry API, bypassing its associated audit logging and telemetry. Attackers may abuse this to stealthily modify registry hives while evading detection mechanisms that rely on standard registry event logs. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devnotes/about-the-offline-registry-library - https://github.com/MSNightmare/LegacyHive author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-07-23 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.persistence - attack.t1112 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \offreg.dll filter_main_system32: Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ filter_main_program_files: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ filter_main_appdata_local_programs: Image|startswith: C:\Users\ Image|contains: \AppData\Local\Programs\ filter_main_defender: Image|startswith: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\ Image|endswith: \MsMpEng.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Third-party backup or forensic software that performs offline registry parsing - Windows deployment tools (DISM, ADK) run from non-standard paths level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/image_load/image_load_susp_offreg_dll_load/info.yml
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0022
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0022. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0017, CVE-2015-0020, CVE-2015-0026, CVE-2015-0030, CVE-2015-0031, CVE-2015-0036, and CVE-2015-0041.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7944. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. The RESTful control interface (aka RAPI or ganeti-rapi) in Ganeti before 2.9.7, 2.10.x before 2.10.8, 2.11.x before 2.11.8, 2.12.x before 2.12.6, 2.13.x before 2.13.3, 2.14.x before 2.14.2, and 2.15.x before 2.15.2, when used in SSL mode, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via SSL parameter renegotiation.