alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: FontParser in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5775. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. FontParser in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3804 and CVE-2015-5756.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8480. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. The VideoFramePool::PoolImpl::CreateFrame function in media/base/video_frame_pool.cc in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73 does not initialize memory for a video-frame data structure, which might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access) or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging improper interaction with the vp3_h_loop_filter_c function in libavcodec/vp3dsp.c in FFmpeg.
Query: exploit QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5751. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3765, CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3788, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3791, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5753, and CVE-2015-5779.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7552. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the gdk_pixbuf_flip function in gdk-pixbuf-scale.c in gdk-pixbuf 2.30.x allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted BMP file.
Query: risk of A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in kelvinmo simplexrd up to 3.1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file simplexrd/simplexrd.class.php. The manipu
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10029. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in kelvinmo simplexrd up to 3.1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file simplexrd/simplexrd.class.php. The manipulation leads to xml external entity reference. Upgrading to version 3.1.1 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 4c9f2e028523ed705b555eca2c18c64e71f1a35d. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-217630 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7326. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in Milton Webdav before 2.7.0.3.
Query: adversary uses Audio Capture
Matching passage: T1123 Audio Capture. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019) Malware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture audio. Audio files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later.
Near-miss passage: T1213.003 Code Repositories. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git. Once adversaries gain access to a victim network or a private code repository, they may collect sensitive information such as proprietary source code or [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552) contained within software's source code. Having access to software's source code may allow adversaries to develop [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004), while credentials may provide access to additional resources using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: Wired Uber Breach)(Citation: Krebs Adobe) **Note:** This is distinct from [Code Repositories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/003), which focuses on conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043) via public code repositories.
Query: playbook for alert: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Search Open Websites/Domains
Matching passage: Playbook for T1593 Search Open Websites/Domains. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1593. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hack
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1593.001 Social Media. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0852
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0852. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 5.0. Multiple integer underflows in PluginPCX.cpp in FreeImage 3.17.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) via vectors related to the height and width of a window.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3104. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 10.0. Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X and Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Trap
Matching passage: T1546.005 Trap. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>. Adversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format <code>trap 'command list' signals</code> where "command list" will be executed when "signals" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)
Near-miss passage: T1546.010 AppInit DLLs. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. The AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6037
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6037. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, Office Web Apps 2010 SP2, Excel Web App 2010 SP2, Office Web Apps Server 2013 SP1, and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "Microsoft Office Web Apps XSS Spoofing Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1621. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Webform prepopulate block module before 7.x-3.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Search Closed Sources
Matching passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Query: Sigma rule for Detects powershell script installed as a Service
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects powershell script installed as a Service. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: PowerShell Scripts Installed as Services - Security id: 2a926e6a-4b81-4011-8a96-e36cc8c04302 related: - id: a2e5019d-a658-4c6a-92bf-7197b54e2cae type: derived status: test description: Detects powershell script installed as a Service references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse author: oscd.community, Natalia Shornikova date: 2020-10-06 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The 'System Security Extension' audit subcategory need to be enabled to log the EID 4697 detection: selection: EventID: 4697 ServiceFileName|contains: - powershell - pwsh condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters or strings often used by crypto miners. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Linux Crypto Mining Indicators id: 9069ea3c-b213-4c52-be13-86506a227ab1 status: test description: Detects command line parameters or strings often used by crypto miners references: - https://www.poolwatch.io/coin/monero author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-26 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1496 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - ' --cpu-priority=' - --donate-level=0 - ' -o pool.' - ' --nicehash' - ' --algo=rx/0 ' - stratum+tcp:// - stratum+udp:// - sh -c /sbin/modprobe msr allow_writes=on - LS1kb25hdGUtbGV2ZWw9 - 0tZG9uYXRlLWxldmVsP - tLWRvbmF0ZS1sZXZlbD - c3RyYXR1bSt0Y3A6Ly - N0cmF0dW0rdGNwOi8v - zdHJhdHVtK3RjcDovL - c3RyYXR1bSt1ZHA6Ly - N0cmF0dW0rdWRwOi8v - zdHJhdHVtK3VkcDovL condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of crypto miners level: high
Query: ATT&CK technique for Golden Ticket
Matching passage: T1558.001 Golden Ticket. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection) Using a golden ticket, adversaries are then able to request ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, which enable access to specific resources. Golden tickets require adversaries to interact with the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in order to obtain TGS.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) The KDC service runs all on domain controllers that are part of an Active Directory domain. KRBTGT is the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service account and is responsible for encrypting and signing all Kerberos tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) The KRBTGT password hash may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) and privileged access to a domain controller.
Near-miss passage: T1558.002 Silver Ticket. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets) Silver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular resource (e.g. MSSQL) and the system that hosts the resource; however, unlike golden tickets, adversaries with the ability to forge silver tickets are able to create TGS tickets without interacting with the Key Distribution Center (KDC), potentially making detection more difficult.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) Password hashes for target services may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).
Query: rule covering Generic rule for SQL exceptions in Python according to PEP 249
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Generic rule for SQL exceptions in Python according to PEP 249. Logsource: python / application. Rule: title: Python SQL Exceptions id: 19aefed0-ffd4-47dc-a7fc-f8b1425e84f9 status: stable description: Generic rule for SQL exceptions in Python according to PEP 249 references: - https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#exceptions author: Thomas Patzke date: 2017-08-12 modified: 2020-09-01 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 logsource: category: application product: python detection: keywords: - DataError - IntegrityError - ProgrammingError - OperationalError condition: keywords falsepositives: - Application bugs level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed "Msdt.exe" binary. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Msdt.EXE Execution id: bd1c6866-65fc-44b2-be51-5588fcff82b9 status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed "Msdt.exe" binary references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msdt/ author: pH-T (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-03 modified: 2023-02-03 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: msdt.exe filter: Image|endswith: \msdt.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_renamed_msdt/info.yml
Query: threat report mentioning Udev Rules
Matching passage: T1546.017 Udev Rules. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may maintain persistence through executing malicious content triggered using udev rules. Udev is the Linux kernel device manager that dynamically manages device nodes, handles access to pseudo-device files in the `/dev` directory, and responds to hardware events, such as when external devices like hard drives or keyboards are plugged in or removed. Udev uses rule files with `match keys` to specify the conditions a hardware event must meet and `action keys` to define the actions that should follow. Root permissions are required to create, modify, or delete rule files located in `/etc/udev/rules.d/`, `/run/udev/rules.d/`, `/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/`, `/usr/local/lib/udev/rules.d/`, and `/lib/udev/rules.d/`. Rule priority is determined by both directory and by the digit prefix in the rule filename.(Citation: Ignacio Udev research 2024)(Citation: Elastic Linux Persistence 2024) Adversaries may abuse the udev subsystem by adding or modifying rules in udev rule files to execute malicious content. For example, an adversary may configure a rule to execute their binary each time the pseudo-device file, such as `/dev/random`, is accessed by an application. Although udev is limited to running short tasks and is restricted by systemd-udevd's sandbox (blocking network and filesystem access), attackers may use scripting commands under the action key `RUN+=` to detach and run the malicious content’s process in the background to bypass these controls.(Citation: Reichert aon sedexp 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1546.003 Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time, user login, or the computer's uptime.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015) Adversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system.(Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015)(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015) Adversaries may also compile WMI scripts – using `mofcomp.exe` –into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension) that can be used to create a malicious subscription.(Citation: Dell WMI Persistence)(Citation: Microsoft MOF May 2018) WMI subscription execution is proxied by the WMI Provider Host process (WmiPrvSe.exe) and thus may result in elevated SYSTEM privileges.
Query: detection rule: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - DInjector PowerShell Cradle Execution id: d78b5d61-187d-44b6-bf02-93486a80de5a status: test description: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20211001064856/https://github.com/snovvcrash/DInjector author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-12-07 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' /am51' - ' /password' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect use of the Windows 8.3 short name. Which could be used as a method to avoid Image based detection. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use NTFS Short Name in Image id: 3ef5605c-9eb9-47b0-9a71-b727e6aa5c3b related: - id: dd6b39d9-d9be-4a3b-8fe0-fe3c6a5c1795 type: similar status: test description: Detect use of the Windows 8.3 short name. Which could be used as a method to avoid Image based detection references: - https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/windows-short-8-3-filenames-web-security-problem/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/cc959352(v=technet.10) - https://twitter.com/jonasLyk/status/1555914501802921984 author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-06 modified: 2023-07-20 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|contains: - ~1.bat - ~1.dll - ~1.exe - ~1.hta - ~1.js - ~1.msi - ~1.ps1 - ~1.tmp - ~1.vbe - ~1.vbs - ~2.bat - ~2.dll - ~2.exe - ~2.hta - ~2.js - ~2.msi - ~2.ps1 - ~2.tmp - ~2.vbe - ~2.vbs filter_main_generic_parent: ParentImage: C:\Windows\explorer.exe filter_optional_webex: ParentImage|endswith: \WebEx\WebexHost.exe filter_optional_thor: ParentImage|endswith: \thor\thor64.exe filter_optional_winzip: Image: C:\PROGRA~1\WinZip\WZPREL~1.EXE filter_optional_vcred: Image|endswith: \VCREDI~1.EXE condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Software Installers level: medium