alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Hide Artifacts
Matching passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1564.007 VBA Stomping. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020) MS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <code>PerformanceCache</code> that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream) An adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero’s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)
Query: describe CVE-2015-8830
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8830. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the aio_setup_single_vector function in fs/aio.c in the Linux kernel 4.0 allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large AIO iovec. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of a CVE-2012-6701 regression.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4737. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.43 and earlier, and 5.6.23 and earlier, allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Server : Pluggable Auth.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware mi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware mi. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Special File Creation via Mknod Syscall id: 710bdbce-495d-491d-9a8f-7d0d88d2b41e status: experimental description: 'Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware might use `mknod` to create fake devices, interact with kernel interfaces, or establish covert channels in Linux systems. Monitoring the use of `mknod` is important because this syscall is rarely used by legitimate applications, and it can be abused to bypass file system restrictions or create backdoors. ' references: - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html - https://hopeness.medium.com/master-the-linux-mknod-command-a-comprehensive-guide-1c150a546aa8 author: Milad Cheraghi date: 2025-05-31 modified: 2025-12-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: SYSCALL SYSCALL: mknod condition: selection falsepositives: - Device creation by legitimate scripts or init systems (udevadm, MAKEDEV) - Container runtimes or security tools during initialization level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "Reflection.Assembly" load functions to dynamically load assemblies in memory. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential In-Memory Execution Using Reflection.Assembly id: ddcd88cb-7f62-4ce5-86f9-1704190feb0a status: test description: Detects usage of "Reflection.Assembly" load functions to dynamically load assemblies in memory references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=50 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1620 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: Script Block Logging must be enable detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: '[Reflection.Assembly]::load' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the library level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the enumeration and query of interesting and in some cases sensitive services on the system via "sc.exe". Attack. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Interesting Service Enumeration Via Sc.EXE id: e83e8899-c9b2-483b-b355-5decc942b959 status: test description: 'Detects the enumeration and query of interesting and in some cases sensitive services on the system via "sc.exe". Attackers often try to enumerate the services currently running on a system in order to find different attack vectors. ' references: - https://www.n00py.io/2021/05/dumping-plaintext-rdp-credentials-from-svchost-exe/ - https://pentestlab.blog/tag/svchost/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2024-02-12 tags: - attack.t1003 - attack.credential-access logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \sc.exe - OriginalFileName: sc.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: query selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: termservice condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious sub processes of web server processes. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Linux Webshell Indicators id: 818f7b24-0fba-4c49-a073-8b755573b9c7 status: test description: Detects suspicious sub processes of web server processes references: - https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/web-shells-101-using-php-introduction-web-shells-part-2/ - https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/09/2002313081/-1/-1/0/CSI-DETECT-AND-PREVENT-WEB-SHELL-MALWARE-20200422.PDF author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-15 modified: 2022-12-28 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.003 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection_general: ParentImage|endswith: - /httpd - /lighttpd - /nginx - /apache2 - /node - /caddy selection_tomcat: ParentCommandLine|contains|all: - /bin/java - tomcat selection_websphere: ParentCommandLine|contains|all: - /bin/java - websphere sub_processes: Image|endswith: - /whoami - /ifconfig - /ip - /bin/uname - /bin/cat - /bin/crontab - /hostname - /iptables - /netstat - /pwd - /route condition: 1 of selection_* and sub_processes falsepositives: - Web applications that invoke Linux command line tools level: high
Query: campaign using Vulnerabilities
Matching passage: T1588.006 Vulnerabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database) An adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).
Near-miss passage: T1588.003 Code Signing Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. Prior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4518
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4518. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Reader View implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 has an improper whitelist, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass the Content Security Policy (CSP) protection mechanism and conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via vectors involving SVG animations and the about:reader URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6356. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the WeChat page in Cisco Social Miner 10.0(1) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuw60212.
Query: vulnerability: Buffer overflow in the DumpSysVar function in var.c in Remind before 3.1.15 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via a long name.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5957. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in the DumpSysVar function in var.c in Remind before 3.1.15 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via a long name.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0100. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary JSP cod
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7904. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary JSP code via vectors involving an upload of an image file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2655. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Application Express component in Oracle Database Server before 4.2.3.00.08 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-10120
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10120. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in WDS Multisite Aggregate Plugin up to 1.0.0 on WordPress. Affected is the function update_options of the file includes/WDS_Multisite_Aggregate_Options.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 49e0bbcb6ff70e561365d9e0d26426598f63ca12. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-233364.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4369. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Trick Question module before 6.x-1.5 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with the "Administer Trick Question" permission to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4273
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4273. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The Packet Data Network Gateway (aka PGW) component on Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 15.0(912), 15.0(935), and 15.0(938) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Session Manager outage) via malformed fields in an IP packet, aka Bug ID CSCut38476.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9068. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, an argument to a mink syscall is not properly validated.
Query: hunt for Credentials in Registry activity
Matching passage: T1552.002 Credentials in Registry. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons. Example commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials) * Local Machine Hive: <code>reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code> * Current User Hive: <code>reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>
Near-miss passage: T1552.008 Chat Messages. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user communication. Users may share various forms of credentials (such as usernames and passwords, API keys, or authentication tokens) on private or public corporate internal communications channels. Rather than accessing the stored chat logs (i.e., [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001)), adversaries may directly access credentials within these services on the user endpoint, through servers hosting the services, or through administrator portals for cloud hosted services. Adversaries may also compromise integration tools like Slack Workflows to automatically search through messages to extract user credentials. These credentials may then be abused to perform follow-on activities such as lateral movement or privilege escalation (Citation: Slack Security Risks).
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in reports/CreateReportTable.jsp in ZOHO ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus (SDP) before 9.0 build 9031 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1479. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in reports/CreateReportTable.jsp in ZOHO ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus (SDP) before 9.0 build 9031 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the site parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5591. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. SQL injection vulnerability in Zenphoto before 1.4.9 allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1941
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1941. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted TCP packet to an unspecified port.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9163. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, in a PlayReady function, information exposure can occur.
Query: common weakness: Trapdoor
Matching passage: CWE-510 Trapdoor. A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.
Near-miss passage: CWE-357 Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations. The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Cisco Prime Central for Hosted Collaboration Solution (PC4HCS) 10.6(1) and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack th
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0741. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Cisco Prime Central for Hosted Collaboration Solution (PC4HCS) 10.6(1) and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCut04596.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2143. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Issuetracker phpBugTracker before 1.7.0 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that cause an unspecified impact via unknown parameters.
Query: explain CWE-567
Matching passage: CWE-567 Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context. The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.
Near-miss passage: CWE-286 Incorrect User Management. The product does not properly manage a user within its environment.
Query: weakness Missing Initialization of Resource
Matching passage: CWE-909 Missing Initialization of Resource. The product does not initialize a critical resource.
Near-miss passage: CWE-508 Non-Replicating Malicious Code. Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or product that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4388
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4388. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Current Search Links module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.1 for Drupal, when the "Append the keywords passed by the user to the list" option is disabled, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted search query.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9366. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Custom URL Tracking Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Query: secure coding against Incomplete Cleanup
Matching passage: CWE-459 Incomplete Cleanup. The product does not properly clean up and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
Near-miss passage: CWE-195 Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error. The product uses a signed primitive and performs a cast to an unsigned primitive, which can produce an unexpected value if the value of the signed primitive can not be represented using an unsigned primitive.
Query: vulnerability: The escapeLike function in sqlsrv/database.inc in the Drupal 7 driver for SQL Server and SQL Azure 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 does not properly escape certain characters, which allows 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7876. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. The escapeLike function in sqlsrv/database.inc in the Drupal 7 driver for SQL Server and SQL Azure 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 does not properly escape certain characters, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via vectors involving a module using the db_like function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0780. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in the GetReRequestData method of the GetStoredResult class in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: telemetry for T1195
Matching passage: T1195 Supply Chain Compromise. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including: * Manipulation of development tools * Manipulation of a development environment * Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private) * Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies * Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms * Compromised/infected system images (removable media infected at the factory)(Citation: IBM Storwize)(Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) * Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions * Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors * Shipment interdiction While supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, adversaries looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Adversaries may limit targeting to a desired victim set or distribute malicious software to a broad set of consumers but only follow up with specific victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open-source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise) In some cases, adversaries may conduct “second-order” supply chain compromises by leveraging the access gained from an initial supply chain compromise to further compromise a software component.(Citation: Krebs 3cx overview 2023) This may allow the threat actor to spread to even more victims.
Near-miss passage: T1195.003 Compromise Hardware Supply Chain. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.