alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection rule: Identifies when a application gateway is modified or deleted.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a application gateway is modified or deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Application Gateway Modified or Deleted id: ad87d14e-7599-4633-ba81-aeb60cfe8cd6 status: test description: Identifies when a application gateway is modified or deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer date: 2021-08-16 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/APPLICATIONGATEWAYS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/APPLICATIONGATEWAYS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - Application gateway being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Application gateway modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Curl File Upload To File Sharing Websites id: e328cc73-f92a-42fb-b3fa-7c2cffda981a related: - id: 00bca14a-df4e-4649-9054-3f2aa676bc04 type: derived - id: 7d1aaf3d-4304-425c-b7c3-162055e0b3ab type: similar status: experimental description: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration. author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-backdoor-squidoor/ date: 2026-03-29 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \curl.exe - OriginalFileName: curl.exe selection_cli_domain: CommandLine|contains: - 0x0.st - bashupload.com - chunk.io - file.io - filebin.net - pastebin - send.firefox.com - temp.sh - transfer.sh - ufile.io - uploadfiles.io - wetransfer.com - x0.at selection_cli_flags: - CommandLine|contains: - ' --form' - ' --upload-file' - ' --data' - ' -X POST' - ' --request POST ' - CommandLine|re: - \s-[FTd]\s - \s-sT\s condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate file uploads to these services by administrators or developers level: high
Query: threat report mentioning DCSync
Matching passage: T1003.006 DCSync. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync. Members of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) DCSync functionality has been included in the "lsadump" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1003.007 Proc Filesystem. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials from the proc filesystem or `/proc`. The proc filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem used as an interface to kernel data structures for Linux based systems managing virtual memory. For each process, the `/proc/<PID>/maps` file shows how memory is mapped within the process’s virtual address space. And `/proc/<PID>/mem`, exposed for debugging purposes, provides access to the process’s virtual address space.(Citation: Picus Labs Proc cump 2022)(Citation: baeldung Linux proc map 2022) When executing with root privileges, adversaries can search these memory locations for all processes on a system that contain patterns indicative of credentials. Adversaries may use regex patterns, such as <code>grep -E "^[0-9a-f-]* r" /proc/"$pid"/maps | cut -d' ' -f 1</code>, to look for fixed strings in memory structures or cached hashes.(Citation: atomic-red proc file system) When running without privileged access, processes can still view their own virtual memory locations. Some services or programs may save credentials in clear text inside the process’s memory.(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017)(Citation: Polop Linux PrivEsc Gitbook) If running as or with the permissions of a web browser, a process can search the `/maps` & `/mem` locations for common website credential patterns (that can also be used to find adjacent memory within the same structure) in which hashes or cleartext credentials may be located.
Query: write Sigma for Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services. Example of these requests denial include issues with p
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services. Example of these requests denial include issues with p. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Active Directory Certificate Services Denied Certificate Enrollment Request id: 994bfd6d-0a2e-481e-a861-934069fcf5f5 status: test description: 'Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services. Example of these requests denial include issues with permissions on the certificate template or invalid signatures. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd299871(v=ws.10) - https://www.gradenegger.eu/en/details-of-the-event-with-id-53-of-the-source-microsoft-windows-certificationauthority/ author: '@SerkinValery' date: 2024-03-07 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1553.004 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-CertificationAuthority EventID: 53 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious UltraVNC command line flag combination that indicate a auto reconnect upon execution, e.g. startup (a. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious UltraVNC Execution id: 871b9555-69ca-4993-99d3-35a59f9f3599 status: test description: Detects suspicious UltraVNC command line flag combination that indicate a auto reconnect upon execution, e.g. startup (as seen being used by Gamaredon threat group) references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20220224045756/https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf - https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution - https://uvnc.com/docs/uvnc-viewer/52-ultravnc-viewer-commandline-parameters.html author: Bhabesh Raj date: 2022-03-04 modified: 2022-03-09 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.g0047 - attack.t1021.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '-autoreconnect ' - '-connect ' - '-id:' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: detect Detects changes to the "DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation" registry value. Where the it is set to "1" in order in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation" registry value. Where the it is set to "1" in order. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Hypervisor Enforced Paging Translation Disabled id: 7f2954d2-99c2-4d42-a065-ca36740f187b status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation" registry value. Where the it is set to "1" in order to disable the Hypervisor Enforced Paging Translation feature. ' references: - https://twitter.com/standa_t/status/1808868985678803222 - https://github.com/AaLl86/WindowsInternals/blob/070dc4f317726dfb6ffd2b7a7c121a33a8659b5e/Slides/Hypervisor-enforced%20Paging%20Translation%20-%20The%20end%20of%20non%20data-driven%20Kernel%20Exploits%20(Recon2024).pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-07-05 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects an executable in the users directory started from one of the Microsoft Office suite applications (Word, Excel, P. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Binary In User Directory Spawned From Office Application id: aa3a6f94-890e-4e22-b634-ffdfd54792cc status: test description: Detects an executable in the users directory started from one of the Microsoft Office suite applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher, Visio) references: - https://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-not-finished-morphisec-spots-new-campaign - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/23160972c6ae07f740800fa28e421a81d7c0ca5d5cab95bc082b4a986fbac57 author: Jason Lynch date: 2019-04-02 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 - attack.g0046 - car.2013-05-002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: - \WINWORD.EXE - \EXCEL.EXE - \POWERPNT.exe - \MSPUB.exe - \VISIO.exe - \MSACCESS.exe - \EQNEDT32.exe Image|startswith: C:\users\ Image|endswith: .exe filter: Image|endswith: \Teams.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: weakness Processor Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code
Matching passage: CWE-1037 Processor Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code. The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software, but the processor optimizes the execution of the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.
Near-miss passage: CWE-582 Array Declared Public, Final, and Static. The product declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.
Query: Suspicious Office Test execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1137.002 Office Test. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office "Office Test" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy) There exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature, such as: * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> Adversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.
Near-miss passage: T1137 Office Application Startup. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins. A variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)
Query: exploit The weblog page template in Apache Roller 5.1 through 5.1.1 allows remote authenticated users with admin privileges for a weblog to execute arbitrary Java code via crafted Velocity
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0249. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The weblog page template in Apache Roller 5.1 through 5.1.1 allows remote authenticated users with admin privileges for a weblog to execute arbitrary Java code via crafted Velocity Text Language (aka VTL).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5646. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 8.5. Cybozu Garoon 3.x through 3.7.5 and 4.x through 4.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors, aka CyVDB-863 and CyVDB-867.
Query: vulnerability: The feed-them-social plugin before 1.7.0 for WordPress has possible shortcode execution in the Facebook Feeds load more button.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9351. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The feed-them-social plugin before 1.7.0 for WordPress has possible shortcode execution in the Facebook Feeds load more button.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6243. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The dissector-table implementation in epan/packet.c in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.7 mishandles table searches for empty strings, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet, related to the (1) dissector_get_string_handle and (2) dissector_get_default_string_handle functions.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3988
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3988. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) 2015.1.0 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the metadata to a (1) Glance image, (2) Nova flavor or (3) Host Aggregate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3387. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Taxonomy Tools module before 7.x-1.4 for Drupal allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a (1) node or (2) taxonomy term title.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in open-flash-chart.swf in Open Flash Chart 2, as used in the VideoAds plugin in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 and CA Release Aut
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7370. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in open-flash-chart.swf in Open Flash Chart 2, as used in the VideoAds plugin in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 and CA Release Automation (formerly LISA Release Automation) 5.0.2 before 5.0.2-227, 5.5.1 before 5.5.1-1616, 5.5.2 before 5.5.2-434, and 6.1.0 before 6.1.0-1026, allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) id or (2) data-file parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1050. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP Application Security Manager (ASM) before 11.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Response Body field when creating a new user account.
Query: risk of CoreMedia Playback in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of serv
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7075. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreMedia Playback in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a malformed media file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7182. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the ASN.1 decoder in Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) before 3.19.2.1 and 3.20.x before 3.20.1, as used in Firefox before 42.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted OCTET STRING data.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Lateral movement indicators for ESXi Administration Command
Matching passage: Playbook for T1675 ESXi Administration Command. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1675. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse ESXi administration services to execute commands on guest machines hosted within an ESXi virtual environment. Persistent background services on ESXi-hosted VMs, such as the VMware Tools Daemon Service, allow for remote management from the ESXi server. The tools daemon service runs as `vmtoolsd.exe` on Windows guest operating systems, `vmware-tools-daemon` on macOS, and `vmtoo
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1127.001 MSBuild. Different response path focused on stealth, execution.
Query: threat report mentioning Firmware
Matching passage: T1592.003 Firmware. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.). Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Near-miss passage: T1592.001 Hardware. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.). Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9432
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9432. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The alpine-photo-tile-for-instagram plugin before 1.2.7.6 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=alpine-photo-tile-for-instagram-settings tab parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4089. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the optionsPageRequest function in admin.php in WP Fastest Cache plugin before 0.8.3.5 for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims for requests that call the (1) saveOption, (2) deleteCache, (3) deleteCssAndJsCache, or (4) addCacheTimeout method via the wpFastestCachePage parameter in the WpFastestCacheOptions/ page.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5185
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5185. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The lookupProviders function in providerMgr.c in sblim-sfcb 1.3.4 and 1.3.18 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via an empty className in a packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7538. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Jenkins before 1.640 and LTS before 1.625.2 allow remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via unspecified vectors.
Query: explain CWE-479
Matching passage: CWE-479 Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function. The product defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.
Near-miss passage: CWE-422 Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel ('Shatter'). The product does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in EMC RSA Certificate Manager (RCM) before 6.9 build 558 and RSA Registration Manager (RRM) before 6.9 build 558 allows remote attackers t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0522. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in EMC RSA Certificate Manager (RCM) before 6.9 build 558 and RSA Registration Manager (RRM) before 6.9 build 558 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to the email address parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7348. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in zTree 3.5.19.1 and possibly earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the id parameter to demo/en/asyncData/getNodesForBigData.php.