alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma rule for Identifies when an user or application modified the federation settings on the domain.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when an user or application modified the federation settings on the domain.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Azure Domain Federation Settings Modified id: 352a54e1-74ba-4929-9d47-8193d67aba1e status: test description: Identifies when an user or application modified the federation settings on the domain. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-monitor-federation-changes author: Austin Songer date: 2021-09-06 modified: 2022-06-08 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: ActivityDisplayName: Set federation settings on domain condition: selection falsepositives: - Federation Settings being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Federation Settings modified from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "coregen.exe" (Microsoft CoreCLR Native Image Generator) binary to sideload arbitrary DLLs.. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential DLL Sideloading Using Coregen.exe id: 0fa66f66-e3f6-4a9c-93f8-4f2610b00171 status: test description: Detect usage of the "coregen.exe" (Microsoft CoreCLR Native Image Generator) binary to sideload arbitrary DLLs. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Coregen/ author: frack113 date: 2022-12-31 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.t1055 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \coregen.exe filter_main_legit_paths: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Silverlight\ - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Silverlight\ - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: actor TTPs: Login Hook
Matching passage: T1037.002 Login Hook. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use a Login Hook to establish persistence executed upon user logon. A login hook is a plist file that points to a specific script to execute with root privileges upon user logon. The plist file is located in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file and can be modified using the <code>defaults</code> command-line utility. This behavior is the same for logout hooks where a script can be executed upon user logout. All hooks require administrator permissions to modify or create hooks.(Citation: Login Scripts Apple Dev)(Citation: LoginWindowScripts Apple Dev) Adversaries can add or insert a path to a malicious script in the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file, using the <code>LoginHook</code> or <code>LogoutHook</code> key-value pair. The malicious script is executed upon the next user login. If a login hook already exists, adversaries can add additional commands to an existing login hook. There can be only one login and logout hook on a system at a time.(Citation: S1 macOs Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter) **Note:** Login hooks were deprecated in 10.11 version of macOS in favor of [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)
Near-miss passage: T1037.005 Startup Items. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items.(Citation: Startup Items) This is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. An adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.
Query: explain T1574 Hijack Execution Flow
Matching passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Near-miss passage: T1574.014 AppDomainManager. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking how the .NET `AppDomainManager` loads assemblies. The .NET framework uses the `AppDomainManager` class to create and manage one or more isolated runtime environments (called application domains) inside a process to host the execution of .NET applications. Assemblies (`.exe` or `.dll` binaries compiled to run as .NET code) may be loaded into an application domain as executable code.(Citation: Microsoft App Domains) Known as "AppDomainManager injection," adversaries may execute arbitrary code by hijacking how .NET applications load assemblies. For example, malware may create a custom application domain inside a target process to load and execute an arbitrary assembly. Alternatively, configuration files (`.config`) or process environment variables that define .NET runtime settings may be tampered with to instruct otherwise benign .NET applications to load a malicious assembly (identified by name) into the target process.(Citation: PenTestLabs AppDomainManagerInject)(Citation: PwC Yellow Liderc)(Citation: Rapid7 AppDomain Manager Injection)
Query: hunt for Bandwidth Hijacking activity
Matching passage: T1496.002 Bandwidth Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Adversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR) Alternatively, they may engage in proxyjacking by selling use of the victims' network bandwidth and IP address to proxyware services.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking) Finally, they may engage in internet-wide scanning in order to identify additional targets for compromise.(Citation: Unit 42 Leaked Environment Variables 2024) In addition to incurring potential financial costs or availability disruptions, this technique may cause reputational damage if a victim’s bandwidth is used for illegal activities.(Citation: Sysdig Proxyjacking)
Near-miss passage: T1496.003 SMS Pumping. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a telecommunications provider, then leverages a victim’s messaging infrastructure to send large amounts of SMS messages to numbers in that set. By generating SMS traffic to their phone number set, a threat actor may earn payments from the telecommunications provider.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping Fraud) Threat actors often use publicly available web forms, such as one-time password (OTP) or account verification fields, in order to generate SMS traffic. These fields may leverage services such as Twilio, AWS SNS, and Amazon Cognito in the background.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)(Citation: AWS RE:Inforce Threat Detection 2024) In response to the large quantity of requests, SMS costs may increase and communication channels may become overwhelmed.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping)
Query: detection rule: Detects attempts to disable security event logging by adding the `MiniNt` registry key. This key is used to disable the
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to disable security event logging by adding the `MiniNt` registry key. This key is used to disable the. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Security Event Logging Disabled via MiniNt Registry Key - Process id: 1a4bd6af-99ac-4466-b5b2-7b72b4a05462 related: - id: 8839e550-52d7-4958-9f2f-e13c1e736838 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects attempts to disable security event logging by adding the `MiniNt` registry key. This key is used to disable the Windows Event Log service, which collects and stores event logs from the operating system and applications. Adversaries may want to disable this service to prevent logging of security events that could be used to detect their activities. ' references: - https://www.hackingarticles.in/defense-evasion-windows-event-logging-t1562-002/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-04-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.001 - attack.t1112 - car.2022-03-001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_reg_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_reg_cmd: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' add ' - \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\MiniNt selection_powershell_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \powershell_ise.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_powershell_cmd1: CommandLine|contains: - 'New-Item ' - 'ni ' selection_powershell_cmd2: CommandLine|contains: \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\MiniNt condition: all of selection_reg_* or all of selection_powershell_* falsepositives: - Highly Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: User Added to an Administrator's Azure AD Role. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: User Added to an Administrator's Azure AD Role id: ebbeb024-5b1d-4e16-9c0c-917f86c708a7 status: test description: User Added to an Administrator's Azure AD Role references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20250904191633/https://m365internals.com/2021/07/13/what-ive-learned-from-doing-a-year-of-cloud-forensics-in-azure-ad/ - https://research.splunk.com/cloud/a28f0bc3-3400-4a6e-a2da-89b9e95f0d2a/ - https://analyticsrules.exchange/analyticrules/2a09f8cb-deb7-4c40-b08b-9137667f1c0b/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/monitoring-health/reference-audit-activities#core-directory author: Raphaël CALVET, @MetallicHack date: 2021-10-04 modified: 2026-04-30 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1098.003 - attack.t1078 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: operationName: Add member to role properties.targetResources|contains: - Admins - Administrator condition: selection falsepositives: - PIM (Privileged Identity Management) generates this event each time 'eligible role' is enabled. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Intellect Design Arena Intellect Core banking software.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6540. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Intellect Design Arena Intellect Core banking software.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5460. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in app/views/events/_menu.html.erb in Snorby 2.6.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the title (cls.name variable) when creating a classification.
Query: intelligence brief on T1588.002
Matching passage: T1588.002 Tool. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. Tools may also be leveraged for testing – for example, evaluating malware against commercial antivirus or endpoint detection and response (EDR) applications.(Citation: Forescout Conti Leaks 2022)(Citation: Sentinel Labs Top Tier Target 2025) Tool acquisition may involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as Cobalt Strike. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries). Threat actors may also crack trial versions of software.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1588.004 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. Adversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for. Certificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ) After obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7260
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7260. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Liebert MultiLink Automated Shutdown v4.2.4 allows local users to gain privileges by replacing the LiebertM executable file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6638. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Imagination Technologies driver in Android 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY49F and 6.0 before 2016-01-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka internal bug 24673908.
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, A
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7629. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a TextFormat object with a crafted tabStops property, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7631, CVE-2015-7643, and CVE-2015-7644.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5461. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in the Redirect function in stageshow_redirect.php in the StageShow plugin before 5.0.9 for WordPress allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url parameter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3027
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3027. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. Clang in LLVM, as used in Apple Xcode before 6.3, performs incorrect register allocation in a way that triggers stack storage for stack cookie pointers, which might allow context-dependent attackers to bypass a stack-guard protection mechanism via crafted input to an affected C program.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5020. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Big SQL component in IBM InfoSphere BigInsights 3.0, 3.0.0.1, 3.0.0.2, and 4.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and truncate arbitrary tables via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1751
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1751. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2779. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Stack consumption vulnerability in the message splitting functionality in Quassel before 0.12-rc1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (uncontrolled recursion) via a crafted massage.
Query: risk of The Text Formats component in Apple OS X before 10.10.5, as used in TextEdit, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a text file containing an XML external entity decl
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3762. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Text Formats component in Apple OS X before 10.10.5, as used in TextEdit, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a text file containing an XML external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1686. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Microsoft (1) VBScript 5.6 through 5.8 and (2) JScript 5.6 through 5.8 engines, as used in Internet Explorer 8 through 11 and other products, allow remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "VBScript and JScript ASLR Bypass."
Query: vulnerability: The googmonify plugin through 0.5.1 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=googmonify.php PID or AID parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9427. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The googmonify plugin through 0.5.1 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=googmonify.php PID or AID parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8152. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.0. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before RU6-MP4 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that execute arbitrary code by adding lines to a logging script.
Query: vulnerability: Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0304. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 16.0.0.272 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 16.0.0.272, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 16.0.0.272 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0309.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8683. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. The putcontig8bitCIELab function in tif_getimage.c in LibTIFF 4.0.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a packed TIFF image.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4555
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4555. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the HTTP administrative interface in TIBCO Rendezvous before 8.4.4, Rendezvous Network Server before 1.1.1, Substation ES before 2.9.0, and Messaging Appliance before 8.7.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, related to the Rendezvous Daemon (rvd), Routing Daemon (rvrd), Secure Daemon (rvsd), Secure Routing Daemon (rvsrd), Gateway Daemon (rvgd), Daemon Adapter (rvda), Cache (rvcache), Agent (rva), and Relay Agent (rvrad) components.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in the Node Invite module before 6.x-2.5 for Drupal allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the destination parameter.