alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Suspicious Defacement execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1491 Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Near-miss passage: T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)
Query: detection rule: Detects attempts to discover the files with setuid/setgid capability on them. That would allow adversary to escalate the
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to discover the files with setuid/setgid capability on them. That would allow adversary to escalate the. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Linux Capabilities Discovery id: fe10751f-1995-40a5-aaa2-c97ccb4123fe status: test description: Detects attempts to discover the files with setuid/setgid capability on them. That would allow adversary to escalate their privileges. references: - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/getcap.8.html - https://www.hackingarticles.in/linux-privilege-escalation-using-capabilities/ - https://mn3m.info/posts/suid-vs-capabilities/ - https://int0x33.medium.com/day-44-linux-capabilities-privilege-escalation-via-openssl-with-selinux-enabled-and-enforced-74d2bec02099 author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-11-28 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1083 - attack.t1548 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0: getcap a1: -r a2: / condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of clip.exe in order to copy data to the clipboard. Adversaries may collect data stored in the cli. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Data Copied To Clipboard Via Clip.EXE id: ddeff553-5233-4ae9-bbab-d64d2bd634be status: test description: Detects the execution of clip.exe in order to copy data to the clipboard. Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/clip - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1115/T1115.md author: frack113 date: 2021-07-27 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1115 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \clip.exe - OriginalFileName: clip.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_clip_execution/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Utilize Clipboard to store or execute commands from technique: T1115 atomic_guid: 0cd14633-58d4-4422-9ede-daa2c9474ae7
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8572
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8572. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in Autodesk Design Review (ADR) before 2013 Hotfix 2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted RLE data in a (1) BMP or (2) FLI file, (3) encoded scan lines in a PCX file, or (4) DataSubBlock or (5) GlobalColorTable in a GIF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9036. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, an incorrect length is used to clear a memory buffer resulting in adjacent memory getting corrupted.
Query: exploit OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2014.1.5 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.4 logs the backend_argument configuration option content, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3646. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2014.1.5 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.4 logs the backend_argument configuration option content, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain passwords and other sensitive backend information by reading the Keystone logs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7322. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Secure Meeting (Pulse Collaboration) in Pulse Connect Secure (formerly Juniper Junos Pulse) before 7.1R22.1, 7.4, 8.0 before 8.0R11, and 8.1 before 8.1R3 provides different messages for attempts to join a meeting depending on the status of the meeting, which allows remote attackers to enumerate valid meeting ids via a series of requests.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8281
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8281. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.5. Web Viewer 1.0.0.193 on Samsung SRN-1670D devices allows attackers to bypass filesystem encryption via XOR calculations.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2476. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. The WebDAV client in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 supports SSL 2.0, which makes it easier for remote attackers to defeat cryptographic protection mechanisms by sniffing the network and conducting a decryption attack, aka "WebDAV Client Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7438
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7438. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. IBM Sterling B2B Integrator 5.2 allows local users to obtain sensitive cleartext web-services information by leveraging database access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8007. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The Echo extension for MediWiki does not properly implement the hideuser functionality, which allows remote authenticated users to see hidden usernames in "non-revision based" notifications, as demonstrated by viewing a hidden username in a Thanks notification.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1713
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1713. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6640. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The prctl_set_vma_anon_name function in kernel/sys.c in Android before 5.1.1 LMY49F and 6.0 before 2016-01-01 does not ensure that only one vma is accessed in a certain update action, which allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (vma list corruption) via a crafted application, aka internal bug 20017123.
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of PowerShell commands that attempt to install MSI packages via the Windows Installer COM object (
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of PowerShell commands that attempt to install MSI packages via the Windows Installer COM object (. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PowerShell MSI Install via WindowsInstaller COM From Remote Location id: 222720a7-047f-4054-baa5-bab9be757db0 status: experimental description: 'Detects the execution of PowerShell commands that attempt to install MSI packages via the Windows Installer COM object (`WindowsInstaller.Installer`) hosted remotely. This could be indication of malicious software deployment or lateral movement attempts using Windows Installer functionality. And the usage of WindowsInstaller COM object rather than msiexec could be an attempt to bypass the detection. ' references: - https://informationsecuritybuzz.com/the-real-danger-behind-a-simple-windows-shortcut/ - https://redcanary.com/blog/threat-intelligence/intelligence-insights-may-2025/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/f9710b0ba4de5fa0e7ec27da462d4d2fc6838eba83a19f23f6617a466bbad457 author: Meroujan Antonyan (vx3r) date: 2025-06-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1218 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell_ise.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell_ISE.EXE - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - -ComObject - InstallProduct( selection_remote: CommandLine|contains: - http - \\\\ filter_main_localhost: CommandLine|contains: - ://127.0.0.1 - ://localhost condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects deletion attempts of MacOS Time Machine backups via the native backup utility "tmutil". An adversary may perform. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Time Machine Backup Deletion Attempt Via Tmutil - MacOS id: 452df256-da78-427a-866f-49fa04417d74 status: test description: 'Detects deletion attempts of MacOS Time Machine backups via the native backup utility "tmutil". An adversary may perform this action before launching a ransonware attack to prevent the victim from restoring their files. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1490/T1490.md#atomic-test-12---disable-time-machine - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/tmutil/ author: Pratinav Chandra date: 2024-05-29 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: /tmutil - CommandLine|contains: tmutil selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: delete condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: medium
Query: ATT&CK technique for Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Near-miss passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Query: CWE for Covert Channel
Matching passage: CWE-514 Covert Channel. A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.
Near-miss passage: CWE-91 XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection). The product does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects processes loading modules related to PCRE.NET package
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects processes loading modules related to PCRE.NET package. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: PCRE.NET Package Image Load id: 84b0a8f3-680b-4096-a45b-e9a89221727c status: test description: Detects processes loading modules related to PCRE.NET package references: - https://twitter.com/rbmaslen/status/1321859647091970051 - https://twitter.com/tifkin_/status/1321916444557365248 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-10-29 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\ba9ea7344a4a5f591d6e5dc32a13494b\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects an office suit application (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook) communicating to target systems over uncommon port. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Office Application Initiated Network Connection Over Uncommon Ports id: 3b5ba899-9842-4bc2-acc2-12308498bf42 status: test description: Detects an office suit application (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook) communicating to target systems over uncommon ports. references: - https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2023/07/romcom-targets-ukraine-nato-membership-talks-at-nato-summit author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-12 modified: 2025-10-17 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.stealth logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' Image|endswith: - \excel.exe - \outlook.exe - \powerpnt.exe - \winword.exe - \wordview.exe filter_main_common_ports: DestinationPort: - 53 - 80 - 139 - 389 - 443 - 445 - 3268 filter_main_outlook_ports: Image|contains: :\Program Files\Microsoft Office\ Image|endswith: \OUTLOOK.EXE DestinationPort: - 143 - 465 - 587 - 993 - 995 condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Other ports can be used, apply additional filters accordingly level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3788
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3788. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3765, CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3791, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5751, CVE-2015-5753, and CVE-2015-5779.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5847. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Disk Images component in Apple iOS before 9 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Query: explain T1564.004 NTFS File Attributes
Matching passage: T1564.004 NTFS File Attributes. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) Adversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)
Near-miss passage: T1564.014 Extended Attributes. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse extended attributes (xattrs) on macOS and Linux to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Extended attributes are key-value pairs of file and directory metadata used by both macOS and Linux. They are not visible through standard tools like `Finder`, `ls`, or `cat` and require utilities such as `xattr` (macOS) or `getfattr` (Linux) for inspection. Operating systems and applications use xattrs for tagging, integrity checks, and access control. On Linux, xattrs are organized into namespaces such as `user.` (user permissions), `trusted.` (root permissions), `security.`, and `system.`, each with specific permissions. On macOS, xattrs are flat strings without namespace prefixes, commonly prefixed with `com.apple.*` (e.g., `com.apple.quarantine`, `com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags`) and used by system features like Gatekeeper and Spotlight.(Citation: Establishing persistence using extended attributes on Linux) An adversary may leverage xattrs by embedding a second-stage payload into the extended attribute of a legitimate file. On macOS, a payload can be embedded into a custom attribute using the `xattr` command. A separate loader can retrieve the attribute with `xattr -p`, decode the content, and execute it using a scripting interpreter. On Linux, an adversary may use `setfattr` to write a payload into the `user.` namespace of a legitimate file. A loader script can later extract the payload with `getfattr --only-values`, decode it, and execute it using bash or another interpreter. In both cases, because the primary file content remains unchanged, security tools and integrity checks that do not inspect extended attributes will observe the original file hash, allowing the malicious payload to evade detection.(Citation: Low GroupIB xattrs nov 2024)
Query: describe CVE-2015-4780
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4780. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2583, CVE-2015-2624, CVE-2015-2626, CVE-2015-2640, CVE-2015-2654, CVE-2015-2656, CVE-2015-4754, CVE-2015-4764, CVE-2015-4775, CVE-2015-4776, CVE-2015-4777, CVE-2015-4778, CVE-2015-4781, CVE-2015-4782, CVE-2015-4783, CVE-2015-4784, CVE-2015-4785, CVE-2015-4786, CVE-2015-4787, CVE-2015-4789, and CVE-2015-4790.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0386. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Web Listener, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-0338, CVE-2013-2877, and CVE-2014-0191.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Java SE, Java SE Embedded, JRockit component in Oracle Java SE 5.0u75, 6u85, 7u72, and 8u25; Java SE Embedded 7u71 and 8u6; and JRockit R27.8.4 and
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0410. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Java SE, Java SE Embedded, JRockit component in Oracle Java SE 5.0u75, 6u85, 7u72, and 8u25; Java SE Embedded 7u71 and 8u6; and JRockit R27.8.4 and R28.3.4 allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Security.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2589. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to S10 Branded Zone.
Query: vulnerability: System Server in Android 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSyst
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6624. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. System Server in Android 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 23999740.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0070. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to read content from a different (1) domain or (2) zone via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Cross-domain Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: describe CVE-2015-6626
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6626. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, and consequently bypass an unspecified protection mechanism, via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24310423.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2025. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5588
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5588. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5575, CVE-2015-5577, CVE-2015-5578, CVE-2015-5580, CVE-2015-5582, and CVE-2015-6677.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9205. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 808, and SD 810, in a PlayReady API function, a buffer over-read can occur.
Query: describe CVE-2015-9276
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9276. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. SmarterTools SmarterMail before 13.3.5535 was vulnerable to stored XSS by bypassing the anti-XSS mechanisms. It was possible to run JavaScript code when a victim user opens or replies to the attacker's email, which contained a malicious payload. Therefore, users' passwords could be reset by using an XSS attack, as the password reset page did not need the current password.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2807. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in js/window.php in the Navis DocumentCloud plugin before 0.1.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the wpbase parameter.
Query: vulnerability: cifs-ao in the CIFS optimization functionality on Cisco Wide Area Application Service (WAAS) and Virtual WAAS (vWAAS) devices 5.x before 5.3.5d and 5.4 and 5.5 before 5.5.3 allows 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6421. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. cifs-ao in the CIFS optimization functionality on Cisco Wide Area Application Service (WAAS) and Virtual WAAS (vWAAS) devices 5.x before 5.3.5d and 5.4 and 5.5 before 5.5.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption and device reload) via crafted network traffic, aka Bug ID CSCus85330.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1622. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."