alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: SOC alert related to SyncAppvPublishingServer
Matching passage: T1216.002 SyncAppvPublishingServer. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs to proxy execution of malicious [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands. SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs is a Visual Basic script associated with how Windows virtualizes applications (Microsoft Application Virtualization, or App-V).(Citation: 1 - appv) For example, Windows may render Win32 applications to users as virtual applications, allowing users to launch and interact with them as if they were installed locally.(Citation: 2 - appv)(Citation: 3 - appv) The SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs script is legitimate, may be signed by Microsoft, and is commonly executed from `\System32` through the command line via `wscript.exe`.(Citation: 4 - appv)(Citation: 5 - appv) Adversaries may abuse SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs to bypass [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) execution restrictions and evade defensive counter measures by "living off the land."(Citation: 6 - appv)(Citation: 4 - appv) Proxying execution may function as a trusted/signed alternative to directly invoking `powershell.exe`.(Citation: 7 - appv) For example, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands may be invoked using:(Citation: 5 - appv) `SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs "n; {PowerShell}"`
Near-miss passage: T1216 System Script Proxy Execution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use trusted scripts, often signed with certificates, to proxy the execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that have been downloaded from Microsoft or are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4980
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4980. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 7.0.0.6 through 7.0.0.9 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive personal information via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5045. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The Administration and Reporting tool in IBM Rational License Key Server (RLKS) before 8.1.4.9 iFix 04 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 106938.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5630
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5630. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the NTT Broadband Platform Japan Connected-free Wi-Fi application 1.6.0 and earlier for Android and 1.0.2 and earlier for iOS allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted SSID.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3440. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in wp-includes/wp-db.php in WordPress before 4.2.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a long comment that is improperly stored because of limitations on the MySQL TEXT data type.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1920
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1920. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 10.0. IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 6.1 through 6.1.0.47, 7.0 before 7.0.0.39, 8.0 before 8.0.0.11, and 8.5 before 8.5.5.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending crafted instructions in a management-port session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7395. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 4.0. IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.1 through 7.1.1.13, 7.5.0 before 7.5.0.8 IFIX005, and 7.6.0 before 7.6.0.2 FP002; Maximo Asset Management 7.5.0 before 7.5.0.8 IFIX005, 7.5.1, and 7.6.0 before 7.6.0.2 FP002 for SmartCloud Control Desk; and Maximo Asset Management 7.1 through 7.1.1.13 and 7.2 for Tivoli IT Asset Management for IT and certain other products allow remote authenticated users to bypass intended work-order change restrictions via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4349
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4349. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Spider Contacts module for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete contact categories via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7293. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Zope Management Interface 4.3.7 and earlier, and Plone before 5.x.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Suspicious Web Protocols execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1071.001 Web Protocols. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1071.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Br
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1071.005 Publish/Subscribe Protocols. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: write Sigma for Detects that network ACL entries have been added to a route table which could indicate that new attack vectors have been
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects that network ACL entries have been added to a route table which could indicate that new attack vectors have been. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: New Network ACL Entry Added id: e1f7febb-7b94-4234-b5c6-00fb8500f5dd status: test description: 'Detects that network ACL entries have been added to a route table which could indicate that new attack vectors have been opened up in the AWS account. ' references: - https://www.gorillastack.com/blog/real-time-events/important-aws-cloudtrail-security-events-tracking/ author: jamesc-grafana date: 2024-07-11 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.001 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: ec2.amazonaws.com eventName: CreateNetworkAclEntry condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of ACLs to enable customer and staff access from the public internet into a public VPC level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL files being downloaded using the PowerShell Invoke-WebRequest or Invoke-RestMethod cmdlets.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential DLL File Download Via PowerShell Invoke-WebRequest id: 0f0450f3-8b47-441e-a31b-15a91dc243e2 status: test description: Detects potential DLL files being downloaded using the PowerShell Invoke-WebRequest or Invoke-RestMethod cmdlets. references: - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/onenote-growing-threat-malware-distribution author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Hieu Tran date: 2023-03-13 modified: 2025-07-18 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1105 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - 'Invoke-RestMethod ' - 'Invoke-WebRequest ' - 'IRM ' - 'IWR ' CommandLine|contains|all: - http - OutFile - .dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: campaign using Dylib Hijacking
Matching passage: T1574.004 Dylib Hijacking. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime. The dynamic loader will try to find the dylibs based on the sequential order of the search paths. Paths to dylibs may be prefixed with <code>@rpath</code>, which allows developers to use relative paths to specify an array of search paths used at runtime based on the location of the executable. Additionally, if weak linking is used, such as the <code>LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB</code> function, an application will still execute even if an expected dylib is not present. Weak linking enables developers to run an application on multiple macOS versions as new APIs are added. Adversaries may gain execution by inserting malicious dylibs with the name of the missing dylib in the identified path.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)(Citation: Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib) Dylibs are loaded into an application's address space allowing the malicious dylib to inherit the application's privilege level and resources. Based on the application, this could result in privilege escalation and uninhibited network access. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX)(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)(Citation: MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO)
Near-miss passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Query: vulnerability: QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with the NE2000 device emulation support is vulnerable to an OOB r/w access issue. It could occur while performing 'ioport' r/w operations. A privil
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8743. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with the NE2000 device emulation support is vulnerable to an OOB r/w access issue. It could occur while performing 'ioport' r/w operations. A privileged (CAP_SYS_RAWIO) user/process could use this flaw to leak or corrupt QEMU memory bytes.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8984. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The fnmatch function in the GNU C Library (aka glibc or libc6) before 2.22 might allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed pattern, which triggers an out-of-bounds read.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Stripped Payloads
Matching passage: T1027.008 Stripped Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make a payload difficult to analyze by removing symbols, strings, and other human readable information. Scripts and executables may contain variables names and other strings that help developers document code functionality. Symbols are often created by an operating system’s `linker` when executable payloads are compiled. Reverse engineers use these symbols and strings to analyze code and to identify functionality in payloads.(Citation: Mandiant golang stripped binaries explanation)(Citation: intezer stripped binaries elf files 2018) Adversaries may use stripped payloads in order to make malware analysis more difficult. For example, compilers and other tools may provide features to remove or obfuscate strings and symbols. Adversaries have also used stripped payload formats, such as run-only AppleScripts, a compiled and stripped version of [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), to evade detection and analysis. The lack of human-readable information may directly hinder detection and analysis of payloads.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1027.007 Dynamic API Resolution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may obfuscate then dynamically resolve API functions called by their malware in order to conceal malicious functionalities and impair defensive analysis. Malware commonly uses various [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions provided by the OS to perform various tasks such as those involving processes, files, and other system artifacts. API functions called by malware may leave static artifacts such as strings in payload files. Defensive analysts may also uncover which functions a binary file may execute via an import address table (IAT) or other structures that help dynamically link calling code to the shared modules that provide functions.(Citation: Huntress API Hash)(Citation: IRED API Hashing) To avoid static or other defensive analysis, adversaries may use dynamic API resolution to conceal malware characteristics and functionalities. Similar to [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002), dynamic API resolution may change file signatures and obfuscate malicious API function calls until they are resolved and invoked during runtime. Various methods may be used to obfuscate malware calls to API functions. For example, hashes of function names are commonly stored in malware in lieu of literal strings. Malware can use these hashes (or other identifiers) to manually reproduce the linking and loading process using functions such as `GetProcAddress()` and `LoadLibrary()`. These hashes/identifiers can also be further obfuscated using encryption or other string manipulation tricks (requiring various forms of [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) during execution).(Citation: BlackHat API Packers)(Citation: Drakonia HInvoke)(Citation: Huntress API Hash)
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Port Knocking
Matching passage: T1205.001 Port Knocking. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software. This technique has been observed both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system. The observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.
Near-miss passage: T1205.002 Socket Filters. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may attach filters to a network socket to monitor then activate backdoors used for persistence or command and control. With elevated permissions, adversaries can use features such as the `libpcap` library to open sockets and install filters to allow or disallow certain types of data to come through the socket. The filter may apply to all traffic passing through the specified network interface (or every interface if not specified). When the network interface receives a packet matching the filter criteria, additional actions can be triggered on the host, such as activation of a reverse shell. To establish a connection, an adversary sends a crafted packet to the targeted host that matches the installed filter criteria.(Citation: haking9 libpcap network sniffing) Adversaries have used these socket filters to trigger the installation of implants, conduct ping backs, and to invoke command shells. Communication with these socket filters may also be used in conjunction with [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572).(Citation: exatrack bpf filters passive backdoors)(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020) Filters can be installed on any Unix-like platform with `libpcap` installed or on Windows hosts using `Winpcap`. Adversaries may use either `libpcap` with `pcap_setfilter` or the standard library function `setsockopt` with `SO_ATTACH_FILTER` options. Since the socket connection is not active until the packet is received, this behavior may be difficult to detect due to the lack of activity on a host, low CPU overhead, and limited visibility into raw socket usage.
Query: risk of The HTML_Quickform library, as used in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2, allows remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via an empty token.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7364. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The HTML_Quickform library, as used in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2, allows remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via an empty token.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7284. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.0. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on ZyXEL NBG-418N devices with firmware 1.00(AADZ.3)C0 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Query: exploit python-dbusmock before version 0.15.1 AddTemplate() D-Bus method call or DBusTestCase.spawn_server_template() method could be tricked into executing malicious code if an attacker s
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1326. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. python-dbusmock before version 0.15.1 AddTemplate() D-Bus method call or DBusTestCase.spawn_server_template() method could be tricked into executing malicious code if an attacker supplies a .pyc file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8723. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The AirPDcapPacketProcess function in epan/crypt/airpdcap.c in the 802.11 dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the relationship between the total length and the capture length, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack-based buffer overflow and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2063
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2063. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Integer overflow in unace 1.2b allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a small file header in an ace archive, which triggers a buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7869. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Multiple integer overflows in the kernel mode driver for the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R340 before 341.92, R352 before 354.35, and R358 before 358.87 on Windows and R304 before 304.131, R340 before 340.96, R352 before 352.63, and R358 before 358.16 on Linux allow local users to obtain sensitive information, cause a denial of service (crash), or possibly gain privileges via unknown vectors, which trigger uninitialized or out of bounds memory access. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability type and affected versions. See CVE-2015-8328 for the vulnerability in the NVAPI support layer in NVIDIA drivers for Windows.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8444
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8444. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8060, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8451, and CVE-2015-8455.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9150. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, MDM9635M, SD 400, and SD 800, while computing the length of memory allocated for a Diag event, if the buffer length is very small or greater than the maximum, an integer overflow may occur, which later results in a buffer overflow.
Query: vulnerability: MultiBit HD before 0.1.2 allows attackers to conduct bit-flipping attacks that insert unspendable Bitcoin addresses into the list that MultiBit uses to send fees to the developers.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6964. CWE: CWE-697. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. MultiBit HD before 0.1.2 allows attackers to conduct bit-flipping attacks that insert unspendable Bitcoin addresses into the list that MultiBit uses to send fees to the developers. (Attackers cannot realistically steal these fees for themselves.) This occurs because there is no message authentication code (MAC).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9238. CWE: CWE-697. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. secure-compare 3.0.0 and below do not actually compare two strings properly. compare was actually comparing the first argument with itself, meaning the check passed for any two strings of the same length.
Query: exploit Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) devices with software 7.5(102.0) and 7.6(1.62) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) by triggering an exception dur
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4215. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) devices with software 7.5(102.0) and 7.6(1.62) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) by triggering an exception during attempted forwarding of unspecified IPv6 packets to a non-IPv6 device, aka Bug ID CSCuj01046.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0776. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. telnetd in Cisco IOS XR 5.0.1 on Network Convergence System 6000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via a malformed TELNET packet, aka Bug ID CSCuq31566.