alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching SNMP (MIB Dump)
Matching passage: T1602.001 SNMP (MIB Dump). Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set and permits active management tasks, such as configuration changes, through remote modification of these variables. SNMP can give administrators great insight in their systems, such as, system information, description of hardware, physical location, and software packages(Citation: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP). The MIB may also contain device operational information, including running configuration, routing table, and interface details. Adversaries may use SNMP queries to collect MIB content directly from SNMP-managed devices in order to collect network information that allows the adversary to build network maps and facilitate future targeted exploitation.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1602.002 Network Device Configuration Dump. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use. Adversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8971
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8971. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Terminology 0.7.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via escape sequences that modify the window title and then are written to the terminal, a similar issue to CVE-2003-0063.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2846. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. BitTorrent Sync allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted btsync: link.
Query: common weakness: Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length
Matching passage: CWE-135 Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length. The product does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.
Near-miss passage: CWE-543 Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context. The product uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.
Query: actor TTPs: File/Path Exclusions
Matching passage: T1564.012 File/Path Exclusions. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide their file-based artifacts by writing them to specific folders or file names excluded from antivirus (AV) scanning and other defensive capabilities. AV and other file-based scanners often include exclusions to optimize performance as well as ease installation and legitimate use of applications. These exclusions may be contextual (e.g., scans are only initiated in response to specific triggering events/alerts), but are also often hardcoded strings referencing specific folders and/or files assumed to be trusted and legitimate.(Citation: Microsoft File Folder Exclusions) Adversaries may abuse these exclusions to hide their file-based artifacts. For example, rather than tampering with tool settings to add a new exclusion (i.e., [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685)), adversaries may drop their file-based payloads in default or otherwise well-known exclusions. Adversaries may also use [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) and other [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007)/[Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043) activities to both discover and verify existing exclusions in a victim environment.
Near-miss passage: T1564.007 VBA Stomping. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020) MS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <code>PerformanceCache</code> that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream) An adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero’s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)
Query: detect Establish Accounts
Matching passage: T1585 Establish Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, GitHub, Docker Hub, etc.). Establishing a persona may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) Establishing accounts can also include the creation of accounts with email providers, which may be directly leveraged for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) In addition, establishing accounts may allow adversaries to abuse free services, such as registering for trial periods to [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) for malicious purposes.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin)
Near-miss passage: T1585.003 Cloud Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create accounts with cloud providers that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, MEGA, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002) or to [Upload Tool](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002)s. Cloud accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure, such as [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003)s or [Serverless](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/007) infrastructure. Establishing cloud accounts may allow adversaries to develop sophisticated capabilities without managing their own servers.(Citation: Awake Security C2 Cloud) Creating [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/003) may also require adversaries to establish [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002) to register with the cloud provider.
Query: mitigate Clear Windows Event Logs
Matching passage: T1685.005 Clear Windows Event Logs. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Audit. With administrator privileges, the event logs can be cleared with the following utility commands: * `wevtutil cl system` * `wevtutil cl application` * `wevtutil cl security` These logs may also be cleared through other mechanisms, such as the event viewer GUI or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). For example, adversaries may use the PowerShell command `Remove-EventLog -LogName Security` to delete the Security EventLog and after reboot, disable future logging. Note: events may still be generated and logged in the .evtx file between the time the command is run and the reboot.(Citation: disable_win_evt_logging) Adversaries may also attempt to clear logs by directly deleting the stored log files within `C:\Windows\System32\winevt\logs\`.
Near-miss passage: T1685.003 Modify or Spoof Tool UI. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may spoof or manipulate security tool user interfaces (UIs) to falsely indicate tools are functioning normally and delay detection and response. Adversaries may present misleading or falsified security tool interfaces (UIs) that display normal or healthy status indicators, even when underlying security tools have been disabled, degraded, or otherwise tampered with. Security tools typically provide visibility into system health, alerting, and operational status; by misrepresenting this information, adversaries can undermine defender trust in these signals and obscure the true security posture of the system. This behavior is often used in conjunction with efforts to disable or modify tools, where adversaries first impair the functionality of defenses (e.g., EDR, logging agents) and then replace or mimic their interfaces to conceal the loss of visibility. By maintaining the appearance of normal operations, such as showing active protection, successful updates, or absence of threats, adversaries can delay investigation and response, enabling continued malicious activity. For example, adversaries may display a fake Windows Security interface or system tray icon indicating a “protected” or “healthy” state after disabling Windows Defender or related services.(Citation: BlackBasta)
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Application Object Library component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to aff
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4884. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Application Object Library component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Single Signon.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. The AuthenticationFilter class in SolarWinds Storage Manager allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary scripts via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Easy Canadian Sales Taxes Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9367. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Easy Canadian Sales Taxes Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.1.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6238. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Google Analyticator plugin before 6.4.9.6 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) ga_adsense, (2) ga_admin_disable_DimentionIndex, (3) ga_downloads_prefix, (4) ga_downloads, or (5) ga_outbound_prefix parameter in the google-analyticator page to wp-admin/admin.php.
Query: detection rule: Detects a code page switch in command line or batch scripts to a rare language
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a code page switch in command line or batch scripts to a rare language. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious CodePage Switch Via CHCP id: c7942406-33dd-4377-a564-0f62db0593a3 status: test description: Detects a code page switch in command line or batch scripts to a rare language references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers - https://twitter.com/cglyer/status/1183756892952248325 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community date: 2019-10-14 modified: 2023-03-07 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \chcp.com CommandLine|endswith: - ' 936' - ' 1258' condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrative activity (adjust code pages according to your organization's region) level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_chcp_codepage_switch/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PAExec service installation. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: PAExec Service Installation id: de7ce410-b3fb-4e8a-b38c-3b999e2c3420 status: test description: Detects PAExec service installation references: - https://www.poweradmin.com/paexec/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-26 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_eid: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_image: - ServiceName|startswith: PAExec- - ImagePath|startswith: C:\WINDOWS\PAExec- condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: weakness Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Matching passage: CWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection'). The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1230 Exposure of Sensitive Information Through Metadata. The product prevents direct access to a resource containing sensitive information, but it does not sufficiently limit access to metadata that is derived from the original, sensitive information.
Query: adversary uses Client Configurations
Matching passage: T1592.004 Client Configurations. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the client configurations may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1592.003 Firmware. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.). Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Query: risk of The neuvoo-jobroll plugin 2.0 for WordPress has neuvoo_keywords XSS.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9404. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The neuvoo-jobroll plugin 2.0 for WordPress has neuvoo_keywords XSS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7307. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the CMS Updater module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors involving the configuration page.
Query: write Sigma for Detects changes to the EC2 instance startup script. The shell script will be executed as root/SYSTEM every time the spec
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the EC2 instance startup script. The shell script will be executed as root/SYSTEM every time the spec. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS EC2 Startup Shell Script Change id: 1ab3c5ed-5baf-417b-bb6b-78ca33f6c3df status: test description: Detects changes to the EC2 instance startup script. The shell script will be executed as root/SYSTEM every time the specific instances are booted up. references: - https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu/blob/866376cd711666c775bbfcde0524c817f2c5b181/pacu/modules/ec2__startup_shell_script/main.py#L9 author: faloker date: 2020-02-12 modified: 2022-06-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1059.003 - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection_source: eventSource: ec2.amazonaws.com requestParameters.attribute: userData eventName: ModifyInstanceAttribute condition: selection_source falsepositives: - Valid changes to the startup script level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when adversaries stop services or processes by deleting their respective scheduled tasks in order to conduct dat. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Delete Important Scheduled Task id: dbc1f800-0fe0-4bc0-9c66-292c2abe3f78 related: - id: 9e3cb244-bdb8-4632-8c90-6079c8f4f16d type: similar - id: 7595ba94-cf3b-4471-aa03-4f6baa9e5fad type: similar status: test description: Detects when adversaries stop services or processes by deleting their respective scheduled tasks in order to conduct data destructive activities references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-09 modified: 2026-03-11 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1489 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \schtasks.exe - OriginalFileName: schtasks.exe selection_cli_delete: CommandLine|contains|windash: /delete selection_cli_task: CommandLine|contains: - \Windows\BitLocker - \Windows\ExploitGuard - \Windows\SystemRestore\SR - \Windows\UpdateOrchestrator\ - \Windows\Windows Defender\ - \Windows\WindowsBackup\ - \Windows\WindowsUpdate\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_schtasks_delete/info.yml