alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: rule covering Detects the expansion or decompression of cabinet files from potentially suspicious or uncommon locations, e.g. seen in
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the expansion or decompression of cabinet files from potentially suspicious or uncommon locations, e.g. seen in. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Cabinet File Expansion id: 9f107a84-532c-41af-b005-8d12a607639f status: test description: Detects the expansion or decompression of cabinet files from potentially suspicious or uncommon locations, e.g. seen in Iranian MeteorExpress related attacks references: - https://labs.sentinelone.com/meteorexpress-mysterious-wiper-paralyzes-iranian-trains-with-epic-troll - https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/ author: Bhabesh Raj, X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-30 modified: 2024-11-13 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_cmd: Image|endswith: \expand.exe CommandLine|contains|windash: '-F:' selection_folders_1: CommandLine|contains: - :\Perflogs\ - :\ProgramData - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \Admin$\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \AppData\Roaming\ - \C$\ - \Temporary Internet selection_folders_2: - CommandLine|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Favorites\ - CommandLine|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Favourites\ - CommandLine|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Contacts\ filter_optional_dell: ParentImage: C:\Program Files (x86)\Dell\UpdateService\ServiceShell.exe CommandLine|contains: C:\ProgramData\Dell\UpdateService\Temp\ condition: selection_cmd and 1 of selection_folders_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - System administrator Usage level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects embedding of files with usage of steghide binary, the adversaries may use this technique to prevent the detectio. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Steganography Hide Files with Steghide id: ce446a9e-30b9-4483-8e38-d2c9ad0a2280 status: test description: Detects embedding of files with usage of steghide binary, the adversaries may use this technique to prevent the detection of hidden information. references: - https://vitux.com/how-to-hide-confidential-files-in-images-on-debian-using-steganography/ author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-09-11 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0: steghide a1: embed a2: - -cf - -ef a4: - -cf - -ef condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: describe CVE-2015-5366
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5366. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) udp_recvmsg and (2) udpv6_recvmsg functions in the Linux kernel before 4.0.6 provide inappropriate -EAGAIN return values, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (EPOLLET epoll application read outage) via an incorrect checksum in a UDP packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5364.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5964. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) contrib.sessions.backends.base.SessionBase.flush and (2) cache_db.SessionStore.flush functions in Django 1.7.x before 1.7.10, 1.4.x before 1.4.22, and possibly other versions create empty sessions in certain circumstances, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (session store consumption) via unspecified vectors.
Query: SOC alert related to Identify Business Tempo
Matching passage: T1591.003 Identify Business Tempo. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business tempo that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization’s business tempo may include a variety of details, including operational hours/days of the week. This information may also reveal times/dates of purchases and shipments of the victim’s hardware and software resources. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business tempo may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199))
Near-miss passage: T1591 Gather Victim Org Information. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1742. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1732, CVE-2015-1747, CVE-2015-1750, and CVE-2015-1753.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4164. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The compat_iret function in Xen 3.1 through 4.5 iterates the wrong way through a loop, which allows local 32-bit PV guest administrators to cause a denial of service (large loop and system hang) via a hypercall_iret call with EFLAGS.VM set.
Query: rule covering Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION - PowerShell Module id: 7034cbbb-cc55-4dc2-8dad-36c0b942e8f1 related: - id: 20e5497e-331c-4cd5-8d36-935f6e2a9a07 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_4103: Payload|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii Payload|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader Payload|endswith: readtoend condition: selection_4103 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities to discover files and directories. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: File and Directory Discovery - MacOS id: 089dbdf6-b960-4bcc-90e3-ffc3480c20f6 status: test description: Detects usage of system utilities to discover files and directories references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1083/T1083.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2022-11-25 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1083 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: select_file_with_asterisk: Image: /usr/bin/file CommandLine|re: (.){200,} select_recursive_ls: Image: /bin/ls CommandLine|contains: -R select_find_execution: Image: /usr/bin/find select_mdfind_execution: Image: /usr/bin/mdfind select_tree_execution|endswith: Image: /tree condition: 1 of select* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: informational
Query: detect Dynamic Resolution
Matching passage: T1568 Dynamic Resolution. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control. Adversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Near-miss passage: T1568.001 Fast Flux DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1)(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity) The simplest, "single-flux" method, involves registering and de-registering an addresses as part of the DNS A (address) record list for a single DNS name. These registrations have a five-minute average lifespan, resulting in a constant shuffle of IP address resolution.(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity) In contrast, the "double-flux" method registers and de-registers an address as part of the DNS Name Server record list for the DNS zone, providing additional resilience for the connection. With double-flux additional hosts can act as a proxy to the C2 host, further insulating the true source of the C2 channel.
Query: exploit platform/msm_shared/partition_parser.c in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-07-05 on Nexus 5 and 7 (2013) devices does not validate certain GUID Partition Table (GPT) 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8890. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. platform/msm_shared/partition_parser.c in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-07-05 on Nexus 5 and 7 (2013) devices does not validate certain GUID Partition Table (GPT) data, which allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted MultiMediaCard (MMC), aka Android internal bug 28822878 and Qualcomm internal bug CR823461.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3255. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The polkit_backend_action_pool_init function in polkitbackend/polkitbackendactionpool.c in PolicyKit (aka polkit) before 0.113 might allow local users to gain privileges via duplicate action IDs in action descriptions.
Query: how to detect Application Layer Protocol
Matching passage: T1071 Application Layer Protocol. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Adversaries may utilize many different protocols, including those used for web browsing, transferring files, electronic mail, DNS, or publishing/subscribing. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), commonly used protocols are SMB, SSH, or RDP.(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22)
Near-miss passage: T1071.003 Mail Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Verclsid
Matching passage: T1218.012 Verclsid. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe) Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to execute malicious payloads. This may be achieved by running <code>verclsid.exe /S /C {CLSID}</code>, where the file is referenced by a Class ID (CLSID), a unique identification number used to identify COM objects. COM payloads executed by verclsid.exe may be able to perform various malicious actions, such as loading and executing COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers (similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)). Since the binary may be signed and/or native on Windows systems, proxying execution via verclsid.exe may bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse.(Citation: LOLBAS Verclsid)(Citation: Red Canary Verclsid.exe)(Citation: BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry)(Citation: Nick Tyrer GitHub)
Near-miss passage: T1218.007 Msiexec. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) The Msiexec.exe binary may also be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it may be signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4323
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4323. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Buffer overflow in Cisco NX-OS on Nexus 1000V devices for VMware vSphere 7.3(0)ZN(0.9); Nexus 3000 devices 6.0(2)U5(1.41), 7.0(3)I2(0.373), and 7.3(0)ZN(0.83); Nexus 4000 devices 4.1(2)E1(1b); Nexus 7000 devices 6.2(14)S1; Nexus 9000 devices 7.3(0)ZN(0.9); and MDS 9000 devices 6.2 (13) and 7.1(0)ZN(91.99) and MDS SAN-OS 7.1(0)ZN(91.99) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device outage) via a crafted ARP packet, related to incorrect MTU validation, aka Bug IDs CSCuv71933, CSCuv61341, CSCuv61321, CSCuu78074, CSCut37060, CSCuv61266, CSCuv61351, CSCuv61358, and CSCuv61366.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6990. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6978, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-6993, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Query: weakness Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm)
Matching passage: CWE-509 Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm). Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or the product.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1236 Improper Neutralization of Formula Elements in a CSV File. The product saves user-provided information into a Comma-Separated Value (CSV) file, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as a command when the file is opened by a spreadsheet product.
Query: indicators of Native API
Matching passage: T1106 Native API. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Linux Kernel API) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations. Adversaries may abuse these OS API functions as a means of executing behaviors. Similar to [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), the native API and its hierarchy of interfaces provide mechanisms to interact with and utilize various components of a victimized system. Native API functions (such as <code>NtCreateProcess</code>) may be directed invoked via system calls / syscalls, but these features are also often exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries.(Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: CyberBit System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls) For example, functions such as the Windows API <code>CreateProcess()</code> or GNU <code>fork()</code> will allow programs and scripts to start other processes.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: GNU Fork) This may allow API callers to execute a binary, run a CLI command, load modules, etc. as thousands of similar API functions exist for various system operations.(Citation: Microsoft Win32)(Citation: LIBC)(Citation: GLIBC) Higher level software frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET and macOS Cocoa, are also available to interact with native APIs. These frameworks typically provide language wrappers/abstractions to API functionalities and are designed for ease-of-use/portability of code.(Citation: Microsoft NET)(Citation: Apple Core Services)(Citation: MACOS Cocoa)(Citation: macOS Foundation) Adversaries may use assembly to directly or in-directly invoke syscalls
Near-miss passage: T1153 Source. Tactics: execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** The <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]</code>. Take note of the space after the ".". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual) Adversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.
Query: vulnerability: Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Journal in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary cod
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6097. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Journal in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Journal (.jnt) file, aka "Windows Journal Heap Overflow Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9161. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, TOCTOU condition could lead to a buffer overflow in function playready_reader_bind().
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2134
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2134. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.0. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in HP System Management Homepage (SMH) before 7.5.0 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10125. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in WP Ultimate CSV Importer Plugin 3.7.2 on WordPress. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 3.7.3 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 13c30af721d3f989caac72dd0f56cf0dc40fad7e. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-241317 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: weakness Improper Access Control
Matching passage: CWE-284 Improper Access Control. The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1334 Unauthorized Error Injection Can Degrade Hardware Redundancy. An unauthorized agent can inject errors into a redundant block to deprive the system of redundancy or put the system in a degraded operating mode.