alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: telemetry for T1027.015
Matching passage: T1027.015 Compression. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use compression to obfuscate their payloads or files. Compressed file formats such as ZIP, gzip, 7z, and RAR can compress and archive multiple files together to make it easier and faster to transfer files. In addition to compressing files, adversaries may also compress shellcode directly - for example, in order to store it in a Windows Registry key (i.e., [Fileless Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/011)).(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020) In order to further evade detection, adversaries may combine multiple ZIP files into one archive. This process of concatenation creates an archive that appears to be a single archive but in fact contains the central directories of the embedded archives. Some ZIP readers, such as 7zip, may not be able to identify concatenated ZIP files and miss the presence of the malicious payload.(Citation: Perception Point) File archives may be sent as one [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) through email. Adversaries have sent malicious payloads as archived files to encourage the user to interact with and extract the malicious payload onto their system (i.e., [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002)).(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) However, some file compression tools, such as 7zip, can be used to produce self-extracting archives. Adversaries may send self-extracting archives to hide the functionality of their payload and launch it without requiring multiple actions from the user.(Citation: The Hacker News) [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) may be used in combination with [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013) where compressed files are encrypted and password-protected.
Near-miss passage: T1027.016 Junk Code Insertion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use junk code / dead code to obfuscate a malware’s functionality. Junk code is code that either does not execute, or if it does execute, does not change the functionality of the code. Junk code makes analysis more difficult and time-consuming, as the analyst steps through non-functional code instead of analyzing the main code. It also may hinder detections that rely on static code analysis due to the use of benign functionality, especially when combined with [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) or [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002).(Citation: ReasonLabs)(Citation: ReasonLabs Cyberpedia Junk Code) No-Operation (NOP) instructions are an example of dead code commonly used in x86 assembly language. They are commonly used as the 0x90 opcode. When NOPs are added to malware, the disassembler may show the NOP instructions, leading to the analyst needing to step through them.(Citation: ReasonLabs) The use of junk / dead code insertion is distinct from [Binary Padding](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001) because the purpose is to obfuscate the functionality of the code, rather than simply to change the malware’s signature.
Query: risk of The p2m_pod_emergency_sweep function in arch/x86/mm/p2m-pod.c in Xen 3.4.x, 3.5.x, and 3.6.x is not preemptible, which allows local x86 HVM guest administrators to cause a denial o
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7970. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The p2m_pod_emergency_sweep function in arch/x86/mm/p2m-pod.c in Xen 3.4.x, 3.5.x, and 3.6.x is not preemptible, which allows local x86 HVM guest administrators to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption and possibly reboot) via crafted memory contents that triggers a "time-consuming linear scan," related to Populate-on-Demand.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4651. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The dissect_wccp2r1_address_table_info function in epan/dissectors/packet-wccp.c in the WCCP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.6 does not properly determine whether enough memory is available for storing IP address strings, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: risk of The nft_flush_table function in net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c in the Linux kernel before 3.18.5 mishandles the interaction between cross-chain jumps and ruleset flushes, which allo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1573. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.5. The nft_flush_table function in net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c in the Linux kernel before 3.18.5 mishandles the interaction between cross-chain jumps and ruleset flushes, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic) by leveraging the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0695. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XR 4.3.4 through 5.3.0 on ASR 9000 devices, when uRPF, PBR, QoS, or an ACL is configured, does not properly handle bridge-group virtual interface (BVI) traffic, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (chip and card hangs and reloads) by triggering use of a BVI interface for IPv4 packets, aka Bug ID CSCur62957.
Query: vulnerability: IBM Security QRadar Incident Forensics 7.2.x before 7.2.5 Patch 5 places session IDs in https URLs, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading (1) web
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1999. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. IBM Security QRadar Incident Forensics 7.2.x before 7.2.5 Patch 5 places session IDs in https URLs, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading (1) web-server access logs, (2) web-server Referer logs, or (3) the browser history.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1719. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: Suspicious Create or Modify System Process execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1543 Create or Modify System Process. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services.(Citation: TechNet Services) On macOS, launchd processes known as [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) are run to finish system initialization and load user specific parameters.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) Adversaries may install new services, daemons, or agents that can be configured to execute at startup or a repeatable interval in order to establish persistence. Similarly, adversaries may modify existing services, daemons, or agents to achieve the same effect. Services, daemons, or agents may be created with administrator privileges but executed under root/SYSTEM privileges. Adversaries may leverage this functionality to create or modify system processes in order to escalate privileges.(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)
Near-miss passage: T1543.005 Container Service. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify container or container cluster management tools that run as daemons, agents, or services on individual hosts. These include software for creating and managing individual containers, such as Docker and Podman, as well as container cluster node-level agents such as kubelet. By modifying these services, an adversary may be able to achieve persistence or escalate their privileges on a host. For example, by using the `docker run` or `podman run` command with the `restart=always` directive, a container can be configured to persistently restart on the host.(Citation: AquaSec TeamTNT 2023) A user with access to the (rootful) docker command may also be able to escalate their privileges on the host.(Citation: GTFOBins Docker) In Kubernetes environments, DaemonSets allow an adversary to persistently [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610)s on all nodes, including ones added later to the cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023)(Citation: Kubernetes DaemonSet) Pods can also be deployed to specific nodes using the `nodeSelector` or `nodeName` fields in the pod spec.(Citation: Kubernetes Assigning Pods to Nodes)(Citation: AppSecco Kubernetes Namespace Breakout 2020) Note that containers can also be configured to run as [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002)s.(Citation: Podman Systemd)(Citation: Docker Systemd)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / application
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an attacker calls the "ALTER SERVER AUDIT" or "DROP SERVER AUDIT" transaction in order to delete or disable. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: MSSQL Disable Audit Settings id: 350dfb37-3706-4cdc-9e2e-5e24bc3a46df status: test description: Detects when an attacker calls the "ALTER SERVER AUDIT" or "DROP SERVER AUDIT" transaction in order to delete or disable audit logs on the server references: - https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/drop-server-audit-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/alter-server-audit-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-13 modified: 2024-06-26 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: product: windows service: application definition: 'Requirements: MSSQL audit policy must be enabled in order to receive this event in the application log' detection: selection: Provider_Name|contains: MSSQL EventID: 33205 Data|contains: - statement:ALTER SERVER AUDIT - statement:DROP SERVER AUDIT condition: selection falsepositives: - This event should only fire when an administrator is modifying the audit policy. Which should be a rare occurrence once it's set up level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious process spawning from an "mshta.exe" process, which could be indicative of a malicious HTA script e. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious MSHTA Child Process id: 03cc0c25-389f-4bf8-b48d-11878079f1ca status: test description: Detects a suspicious process spawning from an "mshta.exe" process, which could be indicative of a malicious HTA script execution references: - https://www.trustedsec.com/july-2015/malicious-htas/ author: Michael Haag date: 2019-01-16 modified: 2023-02-06 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.005 - car.2013-02-003 - car.2013-03-001 - car.2014-04-003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \mshta.exe selection_child: - Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \wscript.exe - \cscript.exe - \sh.exe - \bash.exe - \reg.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \bitsadmin.exe - OriginalFileName: - Cmd.Exe - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll - wscript.exe - cscript.exe - Bash.exe - reg.exe - REGSVR32.EXE - bitsadmin.exe condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Printer software / driver installations - HP software level: high
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Local Groups
Matching passage: T1069.001 Local Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as the users found within the local administrators group. Commands such as <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscl . -list /Groups</code> on macOS, and <code>groups</code> on Linux can list local groups.
Near-miss passage: T1069 Permission Groups Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions. Adversaries may attempt to discover group permission settings in many different ways. This data may provide the adversary with information about the compromised environment that can be used in follow-on activity and targeting.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)
Query: common weakness: Out-of-bounds Write
Matching passage: CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write. The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Near-miss passage: CWE-394 Unexpected Status Code or Return Value. The product does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the product.
Query: vulnerability: hw/ide/core.c in QEMU does not properly restrict the commands accepted by an ATAPI device, which allows guest users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6855. CWE: CWE-369. CVSS: 7.5. hw/ide/core.c in QEMU does not properly restrict the commands accepted by an ATAPI device, which allows guest users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via certain IDE commands, as demonstrated by a WIN_READ_NATIVE_MAX command to an empty drive, which triggers a divide-by-zero error and instance crash.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3418. CWE: CWE-369. CVSS: 7.5. The ProcPutImage function in dix/dispatch.c in X.Org Server (aka xserver and xorg-server) before 1.16.4 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (divide-by-zero and crash) via a zero-height PutImage request.
Query: risk of Thermostat before 2.0.0 uses world-readable permissions for the web.xml configuration file, which allows local users to obtain user credentials by reading the file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3201. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Thermostat before 2.0.0 uses world-readable permissions for the web.xml configuration file, which allows local users to obtain user credentials by reading the file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7226. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Administration Views module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal checks access permissions based on the router path from the view instead of the display property, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via vectors related to the access handler.
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in IBM Domino 8.5.1 through 8.5.3 before 8.5.3 FP6 IF10 and 9.x before 9.0.1 FP4 IF3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4994. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in IBM Domino 8.5.1 through 8.5.3 before 8.5.3 FP6 IF10 and 9.x before 9.0.1 FP4 IF3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (SMTP daemon crash) via a crafted GIF image, aka SPRs KLYH9ZDKRE and KLYH9ZTLEZ, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5040.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3166. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The snprintf implementation in PostgreSQL before 9.0.20, 9.1.x before 9.1.16, 9.2.x before 9.2.11, 9.3.x before 9.3.7, and 9.4.x before 9.4.2 does not properly handle system-call errors, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information or have other unspecified impact via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by an out-of-memory error.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Mediabridge Medialink MWN-WAPR300N devices with firmware 5.07.50 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5996. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Mediabridge Medialink MWN-WAPR300N devices with firmware 5.07.50 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2039. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Acobot Live Chat & Contact Form plugin 2.0 for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) change plugin settings or (2) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the acobot_token parameter in the acobot page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8074
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8074. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. mediaserver in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48X allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, and consequently bypass an unspecified protection mechanism, via unknown vectors, aka internal bugs 23540907 and 23515142, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6611.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7032. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Apple iWork application before 2.6 for iOS, Apple Keynote before 6.6, Apple Pages before 5.6, and Apple Numbers before 3.6 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted document.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4331
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4331. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.5. Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) 1.4(0.45) and earlier, when AAA authentication is used, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via a username with a modified composition of lowercase and uppercase characters, aka Bug ID CSum59958.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5166. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Use-after-free vulnerability in QEMU in Xen 4.5.x and earlier does not completely unplug emulated block devices, which allows local HVM guest users to gain privileges by unplugging a block device twice.
Query: vulnerability: The EAP-pwd server and peer implementation in hostapd and wpa_supplicant 1.0 through 2.4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via a c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4143. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. The EAP-pwd server and peer implementation in hostapd and wpa_supplicant 1.0 through 2.4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via a crafted (1) Commit or (2) Confirm message payload.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7555. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in giffix.c in giffix in giflib 5.1.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) via crafted image and logical screen width fields in a GIF file.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects suspicious scheduled task creation events. Based on attributes such as paths, commands line flags, etc.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious scheduled task creation events. Based on attributes such as paths, commands line flags, etc.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Suspicious Scheduled Task Creation id: 3a734d25-df5c-4b99-8034-af1ddb5883a4 status: test description: Detects suspicious scheduled task creation events. Based on attributes such as paths, commands line flags, etc. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4698 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-05 modified: 2022-12-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1053.005 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The Advanced Audit Policy setting Object Access > Audit Other Object Access Events has to be configured to allow this detection. We also recommend extracting the Command field from the embedded XML in the event data. detection: selection_eid: EventID: 4698 selection_paths: TaskContent|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Users\Public\ - \WINDOWS\Temp\ - C:\Temp\ - \Desktop\ - \Downloads\ - \Temporary Internet - C:\ProgramData\ - C:\Perflogs\ selection_commands: TaskContent|contains: - regsvr32 - rundll32 - cmd.exe</Command> - cmd</Command> - '<Arguments>/c ' - '<Arguments>/k ' - '<Arguments>/r ' - powershell - pwsh - mshta - wscript - cscript - certutil - bitsadmin - bash.exe - 'bash ' - scrcons - 'wmic ' - wmic.exe - forfiles - scriptrunner - hh.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects setting of a new registry value related to BgInfo configuration, which can be abused to execute custom VBScript. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: New BgInfo.EXE Custom VBScript Registry Configuration id: 992dd79f-dde8-4bb0-9085-6350ba97cfb3 related: - id: cd277474-5c52-4423-a52b-ac2d7969902f type: similar status: test description: Detects setting of a new registry value related to BgInfo configuration, which can be abused to execute custom VBScript via "BgInfo.exe" references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-16 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \Software\Winternals\BGInfo\UserFields\ Details|startswith: '4' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate VBScript level: medium
Query: ATT&CK technique for CDNs
Matching passage: T1596.004 CDNs. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region. Adversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization’s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).
Near-miss passage: T1596 Search Open Technical Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).