alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: campaign using Backup Software Discovery
Matching passage: T1518.002 Backup Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of backup software or configurations that are installed on a system. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486). Commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), `reg query` with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), `dir` with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for, such as Veeam, Acronis, Dropbox, or Paragon.(Citation: Symantec Play Ransomware 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1518 Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Such software may be deployed widely across the environment for configuration management or security reasons, such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072), and may allow adversaries broad access to infect devices or move laterally. Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).
Query: Suspicious Create Process with Token execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1134.002 Create Process with Token. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs) Creating processes with a token not associated with the current user may require the credentials of the target user, specific privileges to impersonate that user, or access to the token to be used. For example, the token could be duplicated via [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) or created via [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003) before being used to create a process. While this technique is distinct from [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001), the techniques can be used in conjunction where a token is duplicated and then used to create a new process.
Near-miss passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Query: vulnerability: The HTTP/2 implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (integer underflow, assertion failure, and application exit) via a sin
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7218. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 5.0. The HTTP/2 implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (integer underflow, assertion failure, and application exit) via a single-byte header frame that triggers incorrect memory allocation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4496. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Multiple integer overflows in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 38.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted sample metadata in an MPEG-4 video file, a related issue to CVE-2015-1538.
Query: detect WHOIS
Matching passage: T1596.002 WHOIS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about a registered domain, such as assigned IP blocks, contact information, and DNS nameservers.(Citation: WHOIS) Adversaries may search WHOIS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources or command-line utilities to pillage through WHOIS data for information about potential victims. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location. Adversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: SOC alert related to Disable or Modify System Firewall
Matching passage: T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gathered sufficient privileges, they can tamper with firewall services, policies, or rule sets to remove restrictions on inbound or outbound traffic. For example, this may include turning off firewall profiles, altering existing rules to permit previously blocked ports or protocols, or adding new rules that create covert communication paths (e.g., adding a new firewall rule for a well-known protocol (such as RDP) using a non-traditional and potentially less securitized port.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti) Adversaries may disable or modify firewalls using different behaviors, depending on the platform. For example, in ESXi, firewall rules may be modified directly via the esxcli (e.g., via esxcli network firewall set) or via the vCenter user interface.(Citation: Broadcom ESXi Firewall)(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1686.001 Cloud Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and protocols. An adversary with appropriate permissions may introduce new firewall rules or policies to allow access into a victim cloud environment and/or move laterally from the cloud control plane to the data plane. For example, an adversary may use a script or utility that creates new ingress rules in existing security groups (or creates new security groups entirely) to allow any TCP/IP connectivity to a cloud-hosted instance. They may also remove networking limitations to support traffic associated with malicious activity (such as cryptomining).(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022)(Citation: Expel AWS)
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Archive via Utility
Matching passage: T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options. Additionally, adversaries may use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to Base64 encode collected data before exfiltration. Adversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)
Near-miss passage: T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)
Query: risk of The SAND STUDIO AirDroid application 1.1.0 and earlier for Android mishandles implicit intents, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted application.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5661. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The SAND STUDIO AirDroid application 1.1.0 and earlier for Android mishandles implicit intents, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6632. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, and consequently bypass an unspecified protection mechanism, via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24346430.
Query: rule covering Detects commandline operations on shell history files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects commandline operations on shell history files. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious History File Operations id: 508a9374-ad52-4789-b568-fc358def2c65 status: test description: Detects commandline operations on shell history files references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1552.003/T1552.003.md author: Mikhail Larin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-17 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.003 logsource: product: macos category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - .bash_history - .zsh_history - .zhistory - .history - .sh_history - fish_history condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative activity - Legitimate software, cleaning hist file level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects sign-in with properties that are unfamiliar to the user. The detection considers past sign-in history to look fo. Logsource: azure / riskdetection. Rule: title: Unfamiliar Sign-In Properties id: 128faeef-79dd-44ca-b43c-a9e236a60f49 status: test description: Detects sign-in with properties that are unfamiliar to the user. The detection considers past sign-in history to look for anomalous sign-ins. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#unfamiliar-sign-in-properties - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' date: 2023-09-03 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access logsource: product: azure service: riskdetection detection: selection: riskEventType: unfamiliarFeatures condition: selection falsepositives: - User changing to a new device, location, browser, etc. level: high
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in the set_skin function in program/include/rcmail_output_html.php in Roundcube before 1.0.8 and 1.1.x before 1.1.4 allows remote authenticated us
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8770. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in the set_skin function in program/include/rcmail_output_html.php in Roundcube before 1.0.8 and 1.1.x before 1.1.4 allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to read arbitrary files or possibly execute arbitrary code via a .. (dot dot) in the _skin parameter to index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1000005. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Remote file download vulnerability in candidate-application-form v1.0 wordpress plugin
Query: weakness Multiple Interpretations of UI Input
Matching passage: CWE-450 Multiple Interpretations of UI Input. The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.
Near-miss passage: CWE-160 Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: incident response steps for Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Extra Window Memory Injection
Matching passage: Playbook for T1055.011 Extra Window Memory Injection. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1055.011. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Before creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance a
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1055.004 Asynchronous Procedure Call. Different response path focused on stealth, privilege escalation.
Query: vulnerability: ecryptfs-setup-swap in eCryptfs before 111 does not prevent the unencrypted swap partition from activating during boot when using GPT partitioning and certain versions of systemd, 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8946. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. ecryptfs-setup-swap in eCryptfs before 111 does not prevent the unencrypted swap partition from activating during boot when using GPT partitioning and certain versions of systemd, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3182. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. epan/dissectors/packet-dec-dnart.c in the DECnet NSP/RT dissector in Wireshark 1.10.12 through 1.10.14 mishandles a certain strdup return value, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3439
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3439. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Ephox (formerly Moxiecode) plupload.flash.swf shim 2.1.2 in Plupload, as used in WordPress 3.9.x, 4.0.x, and 4.1.x before 4.1.2 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute same-origin JavaScript functions via the target parameter, as demonstrated by executing a certain click function, related to _init.as and _fireEvent.as.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4365. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Accordion module for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to taxonomy terms.
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Stickynote module 7.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with permission to create or edit a stickynote to 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7879. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Stickynote module 7.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with permission to create or edit a stickynote to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via note text on the admin listing page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6037. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, Office Web Apps 2010 SP2, Excel Web App 2010 SP2, Office Web Apps Server 2013 SP1, and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "Microsoft Office Web Apps XSS Spoofing Vulnerability."
Query: rule covering Detects the configuration of a new ISATAP router on a Windows host. While ISATAP is a legitimate Microsoft technology fo
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the configuration of a new ISATAP router on a Windows host. While ISATAP is a legitimate Microsoft technology fo. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: ISATAP Router Address Was Set id: d22df9cd-2aee-4089-93c7-9dc4eae77f2c status: experimental description: 'Detects the configuration of a new ISATAP router on a Windows host. While ISATAP is a legitimate Microsoft technology for IPv6 transition, unexpected or unauthorized ISATAP router configurations could indicate a potential IPv6 DNS Takeover attack using tools like mitm6. In such attacks, adversaries advertise themselves as DHCPv6 servers and set malicious ISATAP routers to intercept traffic. This detection should be correlated with network baselines and known legitimate ISATAP deployments in your environment. ' references: - https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/mitm6-strikes-again-the-dark-side-of-ipv6/ - https://redfoxsec.com/blog/ipv6-dns-takeover/ - https://www.securityhq.com/blog/malicious-isatap-tunneling-unearthed-on-windows-server/ - https://medium.com/@ninnesoturan/detecting-ipv6-dns-takeover-a54a6a88be1f author: hamid date: 2025-10-19 tags: - attack.impact - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.initial-access - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.t1557 - attack.t1565.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: EventID: 4100 Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-Iphlpsvc filter_main_localhost: IsatapRouter: - 127.0.0.1 - ::1 filter_optional_null: IsatapRouter: null condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Legitimate ISATAP router configuration in enterprise environments - IPv6 transition projects and network infrastructure changes - Network administrators configuring dual-stack networking - Automatic ISATAP configuration in some Windows deployments level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects an access to authentication tokens and accounts of Microsoft Teams desktop application.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Suspicious Teams Application Related ObjectAcess Event id: 25cde13e-8e20-4c29-b949-4e795b76f16f status: test description: Detects an access to authentication tokens and accounts of Microsoft Teams desktop application. references: - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/microsoft-teams-stores-auth-tokens-as-cleartext-in-windows-linux-macs/ - https://www.vectra.ai/blogpost/undermining-microsoft-teams-security-by-mining-tokens author: '@SerkinValery' date: 2022-09-16 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1528 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4663 ObjectName|contains: - \Microsoft\Teams\Cookies - \Microsoft\Teams\Local Storage\leveldb filter: ProcessName|contains: \Microsoft\Teams\current\Teams.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-10121
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10121. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability has been found in Beeliked Microsite Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function embed_handler of the file beelikedmicrosite.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is d23bafb5d05fb2636a2b78331f9d3fca152903dc. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-233365 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6959. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Vindula 1.9.