alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects when a memory process image does not match the disk image, indicative of process hollowing. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a memory process image does not match the disk image, indicative of process hollowing.. Logsource: windows / process_tampering. Rule: title: Potential Process Hollowing Activity id: c4b890e5-8d8c-4496-8c66-c805753817cd status: test description: Detects when a memory process image does not match the disk image, indicative of process hollowing. references: - https://twitter.com/SecurePeacock/status/1486054048390332423?s=20 - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-sysmon-now-detects-malware-process-tampering-attempts/ author: Christopher Peacock '@securepeacock', SCYTHE '@scythe_io', Sittikorn S date: 2022-01-25 modified: 2023-11-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055.012 logsource: product: windows category: process_tampering detection: selection: Type: Image is replaced filter_main_generic: Image|contains: - :\Program Files (x86) - :\Program Files\ - :\Windows\System32\wbem\WMIADAP.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem\WMIADAP.exe filter_optional_opera: Image|contains: \AppData\Local\Programs\Opera\ Image|endswith: \opera.exe filter_optional_edge: Image|endswith: \WindowsApps\MicrosoftEdge.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of PowerShell modules and cmdlets to gather local group information. Adversaries may use local system pe. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Suspicious Get Local Groups Information id: cef24b90-dddc-4ae1-a09a-8764872f69fc related: - id: fa6a5a45-3ee2-4529-aa14-ee5edc9e29cb type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the use of PowerShell modules and cmdlets to gather local group information. Adversaries may use local system permission groups to determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group such as the local administrators group. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1069.001/T1069.001.md author: frack113 date: 2021-12-12 modified: 2025-08-22 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1069.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_localgroup: - Payload|contains: - 'get-localgroup ' - 'get-localgroupmember ' - ContextInfo|contains: - 'get-localgroup ' - 'get-localgroupmember ' selection_wmi_module: - Payload|contains: - 'get-wmiobject ' - 'gwmi ' - 'get-ciminstance ' - 'gcim ' - ContextInfo|contains|all: - 'get-wmiobject ' - 'gwmi ' - 'get-ciminstance ' - 'gcim ' selection_wmi_class: - Payload|contains: win32_group - ContextInfo|contains: win32_group condition: selection_localgroup or all of selection_wmi_* falsepositives: - Administrator script level: low
Query: alert when Detects relevant commands often related to malware or hacking activity
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects relevant commands often related to malware or hacking activity. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Suspicious Commands Linux id: 1543ae20-cbdf-4ec1-8d12-7664d667a825 status: test description: Detects relevant commands often related to malware or hacking activity references: - Internal Research - mostly derived from exploit code including code in MSF author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-12-12 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: cmd1: type: EXECVE a0: chmod a1: 777 cmd2: type: EXECVE a0: chmod a1: u+s cmd3: type: EXECVE a0: cp a1: /bin/ksh cmd4: type: EXECVE a0: cp a1: /bin/sh condition: 1 of cmd* falsepositives: - Admin activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects password dumper activity by monitoring remote thread creation EventID 8 in combination with the lsass.exe proces. Logsource: windows / create_remote_thread. Rule: title: Password Dumper Remote Thread in LSASS id: f239b326-2f41-4d6b-9dfa-c846a60ef505 status: stable description: 'Detects password dumper activity by monitoring remote thread creation EventID 8 in combination with the lsass.exe process as TargetImage. The process in field Process is the malicious program. A single execution can lead to hundreds of events. ' references: - https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet/details/WCE.htm author: Thomas Patzke date: 2017-02-19 modified: 2021-06-21 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.s0005 - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: create_remote_thread detection: selection: TargetImage|endswith: \lsass.exe StartModule: '' condition: selection falsepositives: - Antivirus products level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-7413
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7413. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF19 and 8.5.0 through CF08 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8797. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in webapp/web/js/scripts/plugins.js in the stats page in the Admin UI in Apache Solr before 5.3.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the entry parameter to a plugins/cache URI.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1422
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1422. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Gecko CMS 2.2 and 2.3 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) horder[], (2) jak_catid, (3) jak_content, (4) jak_css, (5) jak_delete_log[], (6) jak_email, (7) jak_extfile, (8) jak_file, (9) jak_hookshow[], (10) jak_img, (11) jak_javascript, (12) jak_lcontent, (13) jak_name, (14) jak_password, (15) jak_showcontact, (16) jak_tags, (17) jak_title, (18) jak_url, (19) jak_username, (20) real_hook_id[], (21) sp, (22) sreal_plugin_id[], (23) ssp, or (24) sssp parameter to admin/index.php or the (25) editor, (26) field_id, (27) fldr, (28) lang, (29) popup, (30) subfolder, or (31) type parameter to js/editor/plugins/filemanager/dialog.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2934. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2 does not properly handle when the Zend interpreter xml_parse function does not expand entities, which allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted SVG file.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of SDelete to erase a file not the free space. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential File Overwrite Via Sysinternals SDelete id: a4824fca-976f-4964-b334-0621379e84c4 status: test description: Detects the use of SDelete to erase a file not the free space references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1485/T1485.md author: frack113 date: 2021-06-03 modified: 2023-02-28 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: sdelete.exe filter: CommandLine|contains: - ' -h' - ' -c' - ' -z' - ' /\?' condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious PowerShell invocation command parameters. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious PowerShell Invocations - Specific - ProcessCreation id: 536e2947-3729-478c-9903-745aaffe60d2 related: - id: fce5f582-cc00-41e1-941a-c6fabf0fdb8c type: obsolete - id: ae7fbf8e-f3cb-49fd-8db4-5f3bed522c71 type: similar - id: 8ff28fdd-e2fa-4dfa-aeda-ef3d61c62090 type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious PowerShell invocation command parameters references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-05 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_convert_b64: CommandLine|contains|all: - -nop - ' -w ' - hidden - ' -c ' - '[Convert]::FromBase64String' selection_iex: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -w ' - hidden - -noni - -nop - ' -c ' - iex - New-Object selection_enc: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -w ' - hidden - -ep - bypass - -Enc selection_reg: CommandLine|contains|all: - powershell - reg - add - \software\ selection_webclient: CommandLine|contains|all: - bypass - -noprofile - -windowstyle - hidden - new-object - system.net.webclient - .download selection_iex_webclient: CommandLine|contains|all: - iex - New-Object - Net.WebClient - .Download filter_chocolatey: CommandLine|contains: - (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1 - Write-ChocolateyWarning condition: 1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-1723
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1723. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Use-after-free vulnerability in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Windows Station Use After Free Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0313. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in February 2015, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0315, CVE-2015-0320, and CVE-2015-0322.
Query: write Sigma for Detects file being transferred via ScreenConnect RMM
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects file being transferred via ScreenConnect RMM. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - ScreenConnect File Transfer id: 5d19eb78-5b5b-4ef2-a9f0-4bfa94d58a13 related: - id: b1f73849-6329-4069-bc8f-78a604bb8b23 type: similar status: test description: Detects file being transferred via ScreenConnect RMM references: - https://www.huntandhackett.com/blog/revil-the-usage-of-legitimate-remote-admin-tooling - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/4467 author: Ali Alwashali date: 2023-10-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 logsource: service: application product: windows detection: selection: Provider_Name: ScreenConnect EventID: 201 Data|contains: Transferred files with action condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of ScreenConnect level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell commands that decrypt an ".LNK" "file to drop the next stage of the malware.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PowerShell Execution With Potential Decryption Capabilities id: 434c08ba-8406-4d15-8b24-782cb071a691 status: test description: Detects PowerShell commands that decrypt an ".LNK" "file to drop the next stage of the malware. references: - https://research.checkpoint.com/2023/chinese-threat-actors-targeting-europe-in-smugx-campaign/ author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-30 modified: 2023-12-05 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli_dir: CommandLine|contains: - 'Get-ChildItem ' - 'dir ' - 'gci ' - 'ls ' selection_cli_gc: CommandLine|contains: - 'Get-Content ' - 'gc ' - 'cat ' - 'type ' - ReadAllBytes selection_cli_specific: - CommandLine|contains|all: - ' ^| ' - \*.lnk - -Recurse - '-Skip ' - CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -ExpandProperty ' - \*.lnk - WriteAllBytes - ' .length ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7911
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7911. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. Saia Burgess PCD1.M0xx0, PCD1.M2xx0, PCD2.M5xx0, PCD3.Mxx60, PCD3.Mxxx0, PCD7.D4xxD, PCD7.D4xxV, PCD7.D4xxWTPF, and PCD7.D4xxxT5F devices before 1.24.50 and PCD3.T665 and PCD3.T666 devices before 1.24.41 have hardcoded credentials, which allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access via an FTP session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7280. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The web administration interface on ReadyNet WRT300N-DD devices with firmware 1.0.26 has a default password of admin for the admin account, which allows remote attackers to obtain administrative privileges by leveraging a LAN session.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / registry_set
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "HVCIDisallowedImages" registry value to potentially add a driver to the list, in order to preven. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Driver Added To Disallowed Images In HVCI - Registry id: 555155a2-03bf-4fe7-af74-d176b3fdbe16 related: - id: 44cee399-f6b1-45cc-a87c-ea14c6064d6b type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "HVCIDisallowedImages" registry value to potentially add a driver to the list, in order to prevent it from loading. ' references: - https://github.com/yardenshafir/conference_talks/blob/3de1f5d7c02656c35117f067fbff0a219c304b09/OffensiveCon_2023_Your_Mitigations_are_My_Opportunities.pdf - https://x.com/yarden_shafir/status/1822667605175324787 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe) date: 2023-12-05 modified: 2024-08-21 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains|all: - \Control\CI\ - \HVCIDisallowedImages condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of this key would also trigger this. Investigate the driver being added and make sure its intended level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of various web request commands with commandline tools and Windows PowerShell cmdlets (including aliases. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Usage Of Web Request Commands And Cmdlets - ScriptBlock id: 1139d2e2-84b1-4226-b445-354492eba8ba related: - id: 9fc51a3c-81b3-4fa7-b35f-7c02cf10fd2d type: derived status: test description: Detects the use of various web request commands with commandline tools and Windows PowerShell cmdlets (including aliases) via PowerShell scriptblock logs references: - https://4sysops.com/archives/use-powershell-to-download-a-file-with-http-https-and-ftp/ - https://blog.jourdant.me/post/3-ways-to-download-files-with-powershell author: James Pemberton / @4A616D6573 date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2025-10-20 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - '[System.Net.WebRequest]::create' - 'curl ' - Invoke-RestMethod - Invoke-WebRequest - ' irm ' - 'iwr ' - Resume-BitsTransfer - Start-BitsTransfer - 'wget ' - WinHttp.WinHttpRequest filter: Path|startswith: C:\Packages\Plugins\Microsoft.GuestConfiguration.ConfigurationforWindows\ condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Use of Get-Command and Get-Help modules to reference Invoke-WebRequest and Start-BitsTransfer. level: medium
Query: risk of Cisco Aironet 1800 devices with software 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1(112.3), 8.1(112.4), and 8.1(15.14) have a default account, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6336. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Cisco Aironet 1800 devices with software 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1(112.3), 8.1(112.4), and 8.1(15.14) have a default account, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuw58062.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1842. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 10.0. The puppet manifests in the Red Hat openstack-puppet-modules package before 2014.2.13-2 uses a default password of CHANGEME for the pcsd daemon, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Jenkins before 1.640 and LTS before 1.625.2 allow remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7538. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Jenkins before 1.640 and LTS before 1.625.2 allow remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5557. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the attempt to install new skills for AI agents using the "npx skills" command. Agent skills enhance AI agents w. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New Agent Skills Installation Attempt Via Node.EXE id: afa71271-6a97-4e47-810f-83120fb1a4ce status: experimental description: 'Detects the attempt to install new skills for AI agents using the "npx skills" command. Agent skills enhance AI agents with new capabilities, but attackers may abuse this mechanism to inject malicious commands executed by the agent on behalf of the user. The "npx skills" command can install skills for various agents (e.g., Claude Code, Cursor, and others). Analysts should review any installed skills to verify their legitimacy. Note: Tune this rule based on whether AI agent tooling is allowed in your environment. In environments where such tooling is authorized, this detection may reflect normal activity and the alert level should be adjusted accordingly. In environments where AI agent tooling is not permitted, this activity is likely suspicious and may require immediate investigation. ' references: - https://blog.lukaszolejnik.com/supply-chain-risk-of-agentic-ai-infecting-infrastructures-via-skill-worms/ - https://github.com/vercel-labs/skills/blob/1f7fbc8d0e49c4e0601d364696bd1bdd15e80967/README.md - https://opensourcemalware.com/blog/clawdbot-skills-ganked-your-crypto - https://promptintel.novahunting.ai/molt author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2026-02-03 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.007 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \node.exe - OriginalFileName: node.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - npx-cli.js - 'skills ' - ' add ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - This rule will be triggered when a new agent skill is installed regardless if it is benign or malicious. - High false positive rate expected in environments where AI agent tooling is authorized and commonly used. level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_node_new_agent_skills_installed/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious process related to rundll32 based on command line that invokes inline VBScript as seen being used by. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Rundll32 Invoking Inline VBScript id: 1cc50f3f-1fc8-4acf-b2e9-6f172e1fdebd status: test description: Detects suspicious process related to rundll32 based on command line that invokes inline VBScript as seen being used by UNC2452 references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-03-05 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - rundll32.exe - Execute - RegRead - window.close condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: The NVIDIA graphics driver in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via an unspecified IOService u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1137. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The NVIDIA graphics driver in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via an unspecified IOService userclient type.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8069. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: how to detect Hide Artifacts
Matching passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1564.013 Bind Mounts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse bind mounts on file structures to hide their activity and artifacts from native utilities. A bind mount maps a directory or file from one location on the filesystem to another, similar to a shortcut on Windows. It’s commonly used to provide access to specific files or directories across different environments, such as inside containers or chroot environments, and requires sudo access. Adversaries may use bind mounts to map either an empty directory or a benign `/proc` directory to a malicious process’s `/proc` directory. Using the commands `mount –o bind /proc/benign-process /proc/malicious-process` (or `mount –B`), the malicious process's `/proc` directory is overlayed with the contents of a benign process's `/proc` directory. When system utilities query process activity, such as `ps` and `top`, the kernel follows the bind mount and presents the benign directory’s contents instead of the malicious process's actual `/proc` directory. As a result, these utilities display information that appears to come from the benign process, effectively hiding the malicious process's metadata, executable, or other artifacts from detection.(Citation: Cado Security Commando Cat 2024)(Citation: Ahn Lab CoinMiner 2023)