alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Email Collection
Matching passage: T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: CISA AA20-352A 2021) Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients.
Near-miss passage: T1114.003 Email Forwarding Rule. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules) Any user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) In some environments, administrators may be able to enable email forwarding rules that operate organization-wide rather than on individual inboxes. For example, Microsoft Exchange supports transport rules that evaluate all mail an organization receives against user-specified conditions, then performs a user-specified action on mail that adheres to those conditions.(Citation: Microsof
Query: vulnerability: Zend/Session/SessionManager in Zend Framework 2.2.x before 2.2.9, 2.3.x before 2.3.4 allows remote attackers to create valid sessions without using session validators.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1555. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. Zend/Session/SessionManager in Zend Framework 2.2.x before 2.2.9, 2.3.x before 2.3.4 allows remote attackers to create valid sessions without using session validators.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7699. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.0. The files_external app in ownCloud Server before 7.0.9, 8.0.x before 8.0.7, and 8.1.x before 8.1.2 allows remote authenticated users to instantiate arbitrary classes and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted mount point option, related to "objectstore."
Query: describe CVE-2015-6654
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6654. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The xenmem_add_to_physmap_one function in arch/arm/mm.c in Xen 4.5.x, 4.4.x, and earlier does not limit the number of printk console messages when reporting a failure to retrieve a reference on a foreign page, which allows remote domains to cause a denial of service by leveraging permissions to map the memory of a foreign guest.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5736. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Fortishield.sys driver in Fortinet FortiClient before 5.2.4 allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges by setting the callback function in a (1) 0x220024 or (2) 0x220028 ioctl call.
Query: Suspicious Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1578.001 Create Snapshot. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8745
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8745. CWE: CWE-617. CVSS: 5.5. QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with a VMWARE VMXNET3 paravirtual NIC emulator support is vulnerable to crash issue. It could occur while reading Interrupt Mask Registers (IMR). A privileged (CAP_SYS_RAWIO) guest user could use this flaw to crash the QEMU process instance resulting in DoS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8012. CWE: CWE-617. CVSS: 7.5. lldpd before 0.8.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon crash) via a malformed packet.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5733
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5733. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the refreshAdvancedAccessibilityOfItem function in wp-admin/js/nav-menu.js in WordPress before 4.2.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an accessibility-helper title.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9305. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The wp-google-map-plugin plugin before 2.3.7 for WordPress has XSS related to the add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg() functions.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2011
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2011. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.0. The xmlrpc.cgi Webmin script in IBM QRadar SIEM 7.1 MR2 before Patch 11 IF02 and 7.2.x before 7.2.5 Patch 4 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6024. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. ping.cgi in NetCommWireless HSPA 3G10WVE wireless routers with firmware before 3G10WVE-L101-S306ETS-C01_R05 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the DIA_IPADDRESS parameter.
Query: detection rule: Detects a "dllhost" process spawning with no commandline arguments which is very rare to happen and could indicate proce
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a "dllhost" process spawning with no commandline arguments which is very rare to happen and could indicate proce. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Dllhost.EXE Execution Anomaly id: e7888eb1-13b0-4616-bd99-4bc0c2b054b9 status: test description: Detects a "dllhost" process spawning with no commandline arguments which is very rare to happen and could indicate process injection activity or malware mimicking similar system processes. references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/child-processes/ - https://nasbench.medium.com/what-is-the-dllhost-exe-process-actually-running-ef9fe4c19c08 - https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/static-assets/documents/malware-analysis-reports/goofy-guineapig/NCSC-MAR-Goofy-Guineapig.pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-27 modified: 2023-05-15 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \dllhost.exe CommandLine: - dllhost.exe - dllhost filter_main_null: CommandLine: null condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of nohup which could be leveraged by an attacker to keep a process running or break out from restricted en. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Nohup Execution id: e4ffe466-6ff8-48d4-94bd-e32d1a6061e2 status: test description: Detects usage of nohup which could be leveraged by an attacker to keep a process running or break out from restricted environments references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nohup/ - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup - https://www.computerhope.com/unix/unohup.htm author: Christopher Peacock @SecurePeacock, SCYTHE @scythe_io date: 2022-06-06 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /nohup condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrators or installed processes that leverage nohup level: medium
Query: detection engineering for LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition
Matching passage: T1546.006 LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes. Adversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time.(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)
Near-miss passage: T1546.010 AppInit DLLs. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. The AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)
Query: weakness Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
Matching passage: CWE-191 Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound). The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
Near-miss passage: CWE-437 Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features. A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0571
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0571. CWE: CWE-862. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The WLAN (aka Wi-Fi) driver for the Linux kernel 3.x and 4.x, as used in Qualcomm Innovation Center (QuIC) Android contributions for MSM devices and other products, does not verify authorization for private SET IOCTL calls, which allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, related to wlan_hdd_hostapd.c and wlan_hdd_wext.c.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8840. CWE: CWE-862. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The XML Data Archiving Service (XML DAS) in SAP NetWeaver AS Java does not check authorization, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information, gain privileges, or possibly have unspecified other impact via requests to (1) webcontent/cas/cas_enter.jsp, (2) webcontent/cas/cas_validate.jsp, or (3) webcontent/aas/aas_store.jsp, aka SAP Security Note 1945215.
Query: threat report mentioning Serverless
Matching passage: T1583.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may purchase and configure serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them. Once acquired, the serverless runtime environment can be leveraged to either respond directly to infected machines or to [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) traffic to an adversary-owned command and control server.(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)(Citation: AWS Lambda Redirector)(Citation: GWS Apps Script Abuse 2021) As traffic generated by these functions will appear to come from subdomains of common cloud providers, it may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary traffic to these providers - making it easier to [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665).(Citation: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud)(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)
Near-miss passage: T1583 Acquire Infrastructure. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Some infrastructure providers offer free trial periods, enabling infrastructure acquisition at limited to no cost.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these infrastructure solutions allows adversaries to stage, launch, and execute operations. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contacting third-party web services or acquiring infrastructure to support [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090), including from residential proxy services.(Citation: amnesty_nso_pegasus)(Citation: FBI Proxies Credential Stuffing)(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Microsoft 365 2022) Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / registry_set
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects registry persistence technique using the GlobalFlags and SilentProcessExit keys. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via GlobalFlags id: 36803969-5421-41ec-b92f-8500f79c23b0 related: - id: c81fe886-cac0-4913-a511-2822d72ff505 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects registry persistence technique using the GlobalFlags and SilentProcessExit keys references: - https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/ - https://www.deepinstinct.com/2021/02/16/lsass-memory-dumps-are-stealthier-than-ever-before-part-2/ author: Karneades, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, Florian Roth date: 2018-04-11 modified: 2023-06-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1546.012 - car.2013-01-002 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection_global_flag: TargetObject|contains|all: - \Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ - \Image File Execution Options\ - \GlobalFlag selection_silent_process: TargetObject|contains|all: - \Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ - \SilentProcessExit\ TargetObject|contains: - \ReportingMode - \MonitorProcess condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "Set-Service" powershell cmdlet to configure a new SecurityDescriptor that allows a service to be h. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Abuse of Service Permissions to Hide Services Via Set-Service - PS id: 953945c5-22fe-4a92-9f8a-a9edc1e522da related: - id: 514e4c3a-c77d-4cde-a00f-046425e2301e type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of the "Set-Service" powershell cmdlet to configure a new SecurityDescriptor that allows a service to be hidden from other utilities such as "sc.exe", "Get-Service"...etc. (Works only in powershell 7) references: - https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1580925761996828672 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/set-service?view=powershell-7.2 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.011 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - 'Set-Service ' - DCLCWPDTSD ScriptBlockText|contains: - '-SecurityDescriptorSddl ' - '-sd ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare intended use of hidden services - Rare FP could occur due to the non linearity of the ScriptBlockText log level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3329
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3329. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the phar_set_inode function in phar_internal.h in PHP before 5.4.40, 5.5.x before 5.5.24, and 5.6.x before 5.6.8 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted length value in a (1) tar, (2) phar, or (3) ZIP archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1897. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Stack-based buffer overflow in the FastBackMount process in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.11.1 allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1898.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in pppoec in HP HP-UX 11iv2 and 11iv3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging setuid permissions.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2126. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Unspecified vulnerability in pppoec in HP HP-UX 11iv2 and 11iv3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging setuid permissions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5256. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Apache Cordova-Android before 4.1.0, when an application relies on a remote server, improperly implements a JavaScript whitelist protection mechanism, which allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted URI.
Query: detection rule: Detects the use of smbexec.py tool by detecting a specific service installation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of smbexec.py tool by detecting a specific service installation. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: smbexec.py Service Installation id: 52a85084-6989-40c3-8f32-091e12e13f09 status: test description: Detects the use of smbexec.py tool by detecting a specific service installation references: - https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-2-psexec-and-services/ - https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/33058eb2fde6976ea62e04bc7d6b629d64d44712/examples/smbexec.py#L286-L296 - https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/edef71f17bc1240f9f8c957bbda98662951ac3ec/examples/smbexec.py#L60 author: Omer Faruk Celik date: 2018-03-20 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.execution - attack.t1021.002 - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_eid: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_service_name: ServiceName: BTOBTO selection_service_image: ImagePath|contains: - '.bat & del ' - __output 2^>^&1 > condition: selection_eid and 1 of selection_service_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell download and execution cradles.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PowerShell Download and Execution Cradles id: 85b0b087-eddf-4a2b-b033-d771fa2b9775 status: test description: Detects PowerShell download and execution cradles. references: - https://github.com/VirtualAlllocEx/Payload-Download-Cradles/blob/88e8eca34464a547c90d9140d70e9866dcbc6a12/Download-Cradles.cmd - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/fin7-target-veeam-servers author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-24 modified: 2025-07-18 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_download: CommandLine|contains: - .DownloadString( - .DownloadFile( - 'Invoke-WebRequest ' - 'iwr ' - 'Invoke-RestMethod ' - 'irm ' selection_iex: CommandLine|contains: - ;iex $ - '| IEX' - '|IEX ' - I`E`X - I`EX - IE`X - 'iex ' - IEX ( - IEX( - Invoke-Expression condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Some PowerShell installers were seen using similar combinations. Apply filters accordingly level: high