alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Lateral movement indicators for RDP Hijacking
Matching passage: T1563.002 RDP Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\windows\system32\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)
Near-miss passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Query: CWE for Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements
Matching passage: CWE-791 Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements. The product receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1188 Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default. The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3196
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3196. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. ssl/s3_clnt.c in OpenSSL 1.0.0 before 1.0.0t, 1.0.1 before 1.0.1p, and 1.0.2 before 1.0.2d, when used for a multi-threaded client, writes the PSK identity hint to an incorrect data structure, which allows remote servers to cause a denial of service (race condition and double free) via a crafted ServerKeyExchange message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1865. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 5.099999904632568. fts.c in coreutils 8.4 allows local users to delete arbitrary files.
Query: SOC alert related to Process Injection
Matching passage: T1055 Process Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via process injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. There are many different ways to inject code into a process, many of which abuse legitimate functionalities. These implementations exist for every major OS but are typically platform specific. More sophisticated samples may perform multiple process injections to segment modules and further evade detection, utilizing named pipes or other inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms as a communication channel.
Near-miss passage: T1055.012 Process Hollowing. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Process hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code. A victim process can be created with native Windows API calls such as <code>CreateProcess</code>, which includes a flag to suspend the processes primary thread. At this point the process can be unmapped using APIs calls such as <code>ZwUnmapViewOfSection</code> or <code>NtUnmapViewOfSection</code> before being written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Leitch Hollowing)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) This is very similar to [Thread Local Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005) but creates a new process rather than targeting an existing process. This behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process hollowing may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Securityd Memory
Matching passage: T1555.002 Securityd Memory. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary with root access may gather credentials by reading `securityd`’s memory. `securityd` is a service/daemon responsible for implementing security protocols such as encryption and authorization.(Citation: Apple Dev SecurityD) A privileged adversary may be able to scan through `securityd`'s memory to find the correct sequence of keys to decrypt the user’s logon keychain. This may provide the adversary with various plaintext passwords, such as those for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) In OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple’s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple’s `securityd` utility takes the user’s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user’s password, but once the master key is found, an adversary need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password.(Citation: OS X Keychain)
Near-miss passage: T1555.005 Password Managers. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire user credentials from third-party password managers.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Password managers are applications designed to store user credentials, normally in an encrypted database. Credentials are typically accessible after a user provides a master password that unlocks the database. After the database is unlocked, these credentials may be copied to memory. These databases can be stored as files on disk.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Adversaries may acquire user credentials from password managers by extracting the master password and/or plain-text credentials from memory.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)(Citation: Github KeeThief) Adversaries may extract credentials from memory via [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212).(Citation: NVD CVE-2019-3610) Adversaries may also try brute forcing via [Password Guessing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001) to obtain the master password of a password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5362
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5362. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The BFD daemon in Juniper Junos OS 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D50, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D35, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D25, 12.3 before 12.3R10, 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D15, 13.2 before 13.2R8, 13.3 before 13.3R6, 14.1 before 14.1R5, 14.1X50 before 14.1X50-D85, 14.1X55 before 14.1X55-D20, 14.2 before 14.2R3, 15.1 before 15.1R1, and 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (bfdd crash and restart) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted BFD packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2340. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. TPInt.dll in VMware Workstation 10.x before 10.0.6 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 6.x before 6.0.6 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 3.2.x before 3.2.1, 3.3.x, and 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not properly allocate memory, which allows guest OS users to cause a host OS denial of service via unspecified vectors.
Query: detection rule: Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn't contain a lot of information on who in
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn't contain a lot of information on who in. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Real-time Protection Disabled id: b28e58e4-2a72-4fae-bdee-0fbe904db642 related: - id: fe34868f-6e0e-4882-81f6-c43aa8f15b62 type: obsolete status: stable description: 'Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn''t contain a lot of information on who initiated this action you might want to reduce it to a "medium" level if this occurs too many times in your environment ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide#event-id-5001 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md - https://craigclouditpro.wordpress.com/2020/03/04/hunting-malicious-windows-defender-activity/ author: Ján Trenčanský, frack113 date: 2020-07-28 modified: 2023-11-22 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator actions (should be investigated) - Seen being triggered occasionally during Windows 8 Defender Updates level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a secret scanning allowlist rule is added for projects.. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket Project Secret Scanning Allowlist Added id: 42ccce6d-7bd3-4930-95cd-e4d83fa94a30 status: test description: Detects when a secret scanning allowlist rule is added for projects. references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/audit-log-events-776640423.html - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/secret-scanning-1157471613.html author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Basic" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Projects auditType.action: Project secret scanning allowlist rule added condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate user activity. level: low
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2736
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2736. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The nsZipArchive::BuildFileList function in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.8 and 38.x before 38.1, and Thunderbird before 38.1 accesses unintended memory locations, which allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via a crafted ZIP archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2682. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.0. Citrix Command Center before 5.1 Build 35.4 and 5.2 before Build 42.7 allows remote attackers to obtain credentials via a direct request to conf/securitydbData.xml.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64 where the files are located in poten
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64 where the files are located in poten. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File In Suspicious Location Encoded To Base64 Via Certutil.EXE id: 82a6714f-4899-4f16-9c1e-9a333544d4c3 related: - id: e62a9f0c-ca1e-46b2-85d5-a6da77f86d1a type: derived status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64 where the files are located in potentially suspicious locations references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/35c22725a92d5cb1016b09421c0a6cdbfd860fd4778b3313669b057d4a131cb7/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/427616528b7dbc4a6057ac89eb174a3a90f7abcf3f34e5a359b7a910d82f7a72/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/34de4c8beded481a4084a1fd77855c3e977e8ac643e5c5842d0f15f7f9b9086f/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/4abe1395a09fda06d897a9c4eb247278c1b6cddda5d126ce5b3f4f499e3b8fa2/behavior author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-15 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: -encode selection_extension: CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Desktop\ - \Local\Temp\ - \PerfLogs\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ - $Recycle.Bin condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_encode_susp_location/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "PresentationHost" which is a utility that runs ".xbap" (Browser Applications) files to download arbitr. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Arbitrary File Download Via PresentationHost.EXE id: b124ddf4-778d-418e-907f-6dd3fc0d31cd status: test description: Detects usage of "PresentationHost" which is a utility that runs ".xbap" (Browser Applications) files to download arbitrary files references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/239/files author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \presentationhost.exe - OriginalFileName: PresentationHost.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - http:// - https:// - ftp:// condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2040
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2040. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Contact Form DB (aka CFDB and contact-form-7-to-database-extension) plugin 2.8.26 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the submit_time parameter in the CF7DBPluginSubmissions page to wp-admin/admin.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5514. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Migrate module 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.8 for Drupal, when the migrate_ui submodule is enabled, allows user-assisted remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a destination field label.
Query: detect Detects usage of the "touch" process in service file. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "touch" process in service file.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Touch Suspicious Service File id: 31545105-3444-4584-bebf-c466353230d2 status: test description: Detects usage of the "touch" process in service file. references: - https://blogs.blackberry.com/ - https://twitter.com/Joseliyo_Jstnk/status/1620131033474822144 author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-01-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.006 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /touch CommandLine|contains: ' -t ' CommandLine|endswith: .service condition: selection falsepositives: - Admin changing date of files. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of tail to extract bytes at an offset from an image and then decode the base64 value to create a new fil. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Base64 Decoded From Images id: 09a910bf-f71f-4737-9c40-88880ba5913d status: test description: 'Detects the use of tail to extract bytes at an offset from an image and then decode the base64 value to create a new file with the decoded content. The detected execution is a bash one-liner. ' references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/16bafdf741e7a13137c489f3c8db1334f171c7cb13b62617d691b0a64783cc48/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/483fafc64a2b84197e1ef6a3f51e443f84dc5742602e08b9e8ec6ad690b34ed0/behavior author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-12-20 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1140 logsource: product: macos category: process_creation detection: selection_image: Image|endswith: /bash selection_view: CommandLine|contains|all: - tail - -c selection_b64: CommandLine|contains|all: - base64 - -d - '>' selection_files: CommandLine|contains: - .avif - .gif - .jfif - .jpeg - .jpg - .pjp - .pjpeg - .png - .svg - .webp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: common weakness: J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session
Matching passage: CWE-579 J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session. The product stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.
Near-miss passage: CWE-44 Path Equivalence: 'file.name' (Internal Dot). The product accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Query: adversary uses Compiled HTML File
Matching passage: T1218.001 Compiled HTML File. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program) A custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application application control on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1218.013 Mavinject. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citation: LOLBAS Mavinject) Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to inject malicious DLLs into running processes (i.e. [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001)), allowing for arbitrary code execution (ex. <code>C:\Windows\system32\mavinject.exe PID /INJECTRUNNING PATH_DLL</code>).(Citation: ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution)(Citation: Reaqta Mavinject) Since mavinject.exe may be digitally signed by Microsoft, proxying execution via this method may evade detection by security products because the execution is masked under a legitimate process. In addition to [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001), Mavinject.exe can also be abused to perform import descriptor injection via its <code>/HMODULE</code> command-line parameter (ex. <code>mavinject.exe PID /HMODULE=BASE_ADDRESS PATH_DLL ORDINAL_NUMBER</code>). This command would inject an import table entry consisting of the specified DLL into the module at the given base address.(Citation: Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed)
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Coach NG framework in IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 8.0 through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, and 8.5.5 through 8.5.5.0 allow
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0158. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Coach NG framework in IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 8.0 through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, and 8.5.5 through 8.5.5.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5514. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Migrate module 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.8 for Drupal, when the migrate_ui submodule is enabled, allows user-assisted remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a destination field label.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0050
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0050. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8967 and CVE-2015-0044.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1563. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The ARM GIC distributor virtualization in Xen 4.4.x and 4.5.x allows local guests to cause a denial of service by causing a large number messages to be logged.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9115
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9115. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, and SD 820A, no address argument validation is performed on calls to the qsee_prng_getdata syscall.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7852. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. ntpq in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via crafted mode 6 response packets.