alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: alert when Detects the stopping of a Windows service via the PowerShell Cmdlet "Stop-Service"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the stopping of a Windows service via the PowerShell Cmdlet "Stop-Service". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Stop Windows Service Via PowerShell Stop-Service id: c49c5062-0966-4170-9efd-9968c913a6cf related: - id: eb87818d-db5d-49cc-a987-d5da331fbd90 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects the stopping of a Windows service via the PowerShell Cmdlet "Stop-Service" references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/stop-service?view=powershell-7.4 author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1489 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_sc_net_img: - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: 'Stop-Service ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - There are many legitimate reasons to stop a service. This rule isn't looking for any suspicious behaviour in particular. Filter legitimate activity accordingly level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64 where the files are located in poten. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File In Suspicious Location Encoded To Base64 Via Certutil.EXE id: 82a6714f-4899-4f16-9c1e-9a333544d4c3 related: - id: e62a9f0c-ca1e-46b2-85d5-a6da77f86d1a type: derived status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with the "encode" flag to encode a file to base64 where the files are located in potentially suspicious locations references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/35c22725a92d5cb1016b09421c0a6cdbfd860fd4778b3313669b057d4a131cb7/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/427616528b7dbc4a6057ac89eb174a3a90f7abcf3f34e5a359b7a910d82f7a72/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/34de4c8beded481a4084a1fd77855c3e977e8ac643e5c5842d0f15f7f9b9086f/behavior - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/4abe1395a09fda06d897a9c4eb247278c1b6cddda5d126ce5b3f4f499e3b8fa2/behavior author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-15 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: -encode selection_extension: CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Desktop\ - \Local\Temp\ - \PerfLogs\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ - $Recycle.Bin condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_encode_susp_location/info.yml
Query: risk of The client in iPass Open Mobile before 2.4.5 on Windows allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a DLL pathname in a crafted Unicode string that is improperl
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0925. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.0. The client in iPass Open Mobile before 2.4.5 on Windows allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a DLL pathname in a crafted Unicode string that is improperly handled by a subprocess reached through a named pipe, as demonstrated by a UNC share pathname.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0898. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 7.5. futomi CGI Cafe MP Form Mail CGI eCommerce before 2.0.12 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Perl code via unspecified vectors.
Query: mitigate Domain Generation Algorithms
Matching passage: T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019) DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Near-miss passage: T1568.003 DNS Calculation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) One implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of the AgentExecutor.exe binary. Which can be abused as a LOLBIN to execute powershell scripts with th
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the AgentExecutor.exe binary. Which can be abused as a LOLBIN to execute powershell scripts with th. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: AgentExecutor PowerShell Execution id: 7efd2c8d-8b18-45b7-947d-adfe9ed04f61 related: - id: c0b40568-b1e9-4b03-8d6c-b096da6da9ab type: similar status: test description: Detects execution of the AgentExecutor.exe binary. Which can be abused as a LOLBIN to execute powershell scripts with the ExecutionPolicy "Bypass" or any binary named "powershell.exe" located in the path provided by 6th positional argument author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), memory-shards references: - https://twitter.com/lefterispan/status/1286259016436514816 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Agentexecutor/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/apps/intune-management-extension - https://twitter.com/jseerden/status/1247985304667066373/photo/1 date: 2022-12-24 modified: 2024-08-07 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image: \AgentExecutor.exe - OriginalFileName: AgentExecutor.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' -powershell' - ' -remediationScript' filter_main_intune: ParentImage|endswith: \Microsoft.Management.Services.IntuneWindowsAgent.exe condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use via Intune management. You exclude script paths and names to reduce FP rate level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects extracting of zip file from image file. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Steganography Unzip Hidden Information From Picture File id: edd595d7-7895-4fa7-acb3-85a18a8772ca status: test description: Detects extracting of zip file from image file references: - https://zerotoroot.me/steganography-hiding-a-zip-in-a-jpeg-file/ author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-09-09 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: commands: type: EXECVE a0: unzip a1: a1|endswith: - .jpg - .png condition: commands and a1 falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: describe CVE-2015-8871
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8871. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the opj_j2k_write_mco function in j2k.c in OpenJPEG before 2.1.1 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3055. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3053, CVE-2015-3054, CVE-2015-3059, and CVE-2015-3075.
Query: vulnerability: The up.time agent in Idera Uptime Infrastructure Monitor 7.5 and 7.6 on Linux allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8268. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The up.time agent in Idera Uptime Infrastructure Monitor 7.5 and 7.6 on Linux allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1941. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted TCP packet to an unspecified port.
Query: weakness Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value
Matching passage: CWE-354 Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value. The product does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or checksums of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.
Near-miss passage: CWE-175 Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding. The product does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0845
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0845. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 7.5. Format string vulnerability in Movable Type Pro, Open Source, and Advanced before 5.2.13 and Pro and Advanced 6.0.x before 6.0.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to localization of templates.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0088. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0091, CVE-2015-0092, and CVE-2015-0093.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8044
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8044. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7653, CVE-2015-7654, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7658, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, and CVE-2015-8046.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4825. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise FIN Expenses component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 9.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Expense Report General.
Query: vulnerability: Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in admin/upload-file.php in the Holding Pattern theme (aka holding_pattern) 0.6 and earlier for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1172. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in admin/upload-file.php in the Holding Pattern theme (aka holding_pattern) 0.6 and earlier for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a file with a PHP extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in an unspecified directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6476. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Advantech EKI-122x-BE devices with firmware before 1.65, EKI-132x devices with firmware before 1.98, and EKI-136x devices with firmware before 1.27 have hardcoded SSH keys, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via an SSH session.
Query: explain CWE-396
Matching passage: CWE-396 Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception. Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1101 Reliance on Runtime Component in Generated Code. The product uses automatically-generated code that cannot be executed without a specific runtime support component.
Query: exploit Heap-based buffer overflow in the find_fixedlength function in pcre_compile.c in PCRE before 8.38 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or obtain sensitive i
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5073. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. Heap-based buffer overflow in the find_fixedlength function in pcre_compile.c in PCRE before 8.38 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or obtain sensitive information from heap memory and possibly bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted regular expression with an excess closing parenthesis.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8073. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. mediaserver in Android 4.4 and 5.1 before 5.1.1 LMY48X allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted media file, aka internal bug 14388161, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6608 and CVE-2015-8072.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by System Binary Proxy Execution
Matching passage: T1218 System Binary Proxy Execution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating system.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can typically execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files or commands. Similarly, on Linux systems adversaries may abuse trusted binaries such as <code>split</code> to proxy execution of malicious commands.(Citation: split man page)(Citation: GTFO split)
Near-miss passage: T1218.008 Odbcconf. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR "C:\Users\Public\file.dll"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)
Query: vulnerability: The loadFlashMovie function in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Ac
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6703. CWE: CWE-772. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The loadFlashMovie function in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via invalid arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6697, CVE-2015-6699, CVE-2015-6700, CVE-2015-6701, CVE-2015-6702, and CVE-2015-6704.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6701. CWE: CWE-772. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ambientIlluminationColor property implementation in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via a function call, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6697, CVE-2015-6699, CVE-2015-6700, CVE-2015-6702, CVE-2015-6703, and CVE-2015-6704.
Query: containment actions for SIEM correlation: credential access activity consistent with Shell History
Matching passage: Playbook for T1552.003 Shell History. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1552.003. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may search the command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. On Linux and macOS systems, shells such as Bash and Zsh keep track of the commands users type on the command-line with the "history" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user's history file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: for example, `~/.bash_history
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1552 Unsecured Credentials. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4551
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4551. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. LibreOffice before 4.4.5 and Apache OpenOffice before 4.1.2 uses the stored LinkUpdateMode configuration information in OpenDocument Format files and templates when handling links, which might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted document, which embeds data from local files into (1) Calc or (2) Writer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3780. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Bluetooth subsystem in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Query: adversary uses Access Token Manipulation
Matching passage: T1134 Access Token Manipulation. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token. An adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation) Any standard user can use the <code>runas</code> command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.
Near-miss passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Bind Mounts
Matching passage: T1564.013 Bind Mounts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse bind mounts on file structures to hide their activity and artifacts from native utilities. A bind mount maps a directory or file from one location on the filesystem to another, similar to a shortcut on Windows. It’s commonly used to provide access to specific files or directories across different environments, such as inside containers or chroot environments, and requires sudo access. Adversaries may use bind mounts to map either an empty directory or a benign `/proc` directory to a malicious process’s `/proc` directory. Using the commands `mount –o bind /proc/benign-process /proc/malicious-process` (or `mount –B`), the malicious process's `/proc` directory is overlayed with the contents of a benign process's `/proc` directory. When system utilities query process activity, such as `ps` and `top`, the kernel follows the bind mount and presents the benign directory’s contents instead of the malicious process's actual `/proc` directory. As a result, these utilities display information that appears to come from the benign process, effectively hiding the malicious process's metadata, executable, or other artifacts from detection.(Citation: Cado Security Commando Cat 2024)(Citation: Ahn Lab CoinMiner 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)