alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: hunt for Exclusive Control activity
Matching passage: T1668 Exclusive Control. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries who successfully compromise a system may attempt to maintain persistence by “closing the door” behind them – in other words, by preventing other threat actors from initially accessing or maintaining a foothold on the same system. For example, adversaries may patch a vulnerable, compromised system(Citation: Mandiant-iab-control)(Citation: CERT AT Fortinent Ransomware 2025) to prevent other threat actors from leveraging that vulnerability in the future. They may “close the door” in other ways, such as disabling vulnerable services(Citation: sophos-multiple-attackers), stripping privileges from accounts(Citation: aquasec-postgres-processes), or removing other malware already on the compromised device.(Citation: fsecure-netsky) Hindering other threat actors may allow an adversary to maintain sole access to a compromised system or network. This prevents the threat actor from needing to compete with or even being removed themselves by other threat actors. It also reduces the “noise” in the environment, lowering the possibility of being caught and evicted by defenders. Finally, in the case of [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), leveraging a compromised device’s full power allows the threat actor to maximize profit.(Citation: sophos-multiple-attackers)
Near-miss passage: T1546.007 Netsh Helper DLL. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by Netsh Helper DLLs. Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility.(Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs are entered into the Windows Registry at <code>HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Netsh</code>. Adversaries can use netsh.exe helper DLLs to trigger execution of arbitrary code in a persistent manner. This execution would take place anytime netsh.exe is executed, which could happen automatically, with another persistence technique, or if other software (ex: VPN) is present on the system that executes netsh.exe as part of its normal functionality.(Citation: Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon)(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)
Query: vulnerability: The FileUploadServlet class in ManageEngine Desktop Central 9 before build 91093 allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via the ConnectionId parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8249. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The FileUploadServlet class in ManageEngine Desktop Central 9 before build 91093 allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via the ConnectionId parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0796. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In open buildservice 2.6 before 2.6.3, 2.5 before 2.5.7 and 2.4 before 2.4.8 the source service patch application could generate non-standard files like symlinks or device nodes, which could allow buildservice users to break of confinement or cause denial of service attacks on the source service.
Query: common weakness: Failure to Handle Missing Parameter
Matching passage: CWE-234 Failure to Handle Missing Parameter. If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.
Near-miss passage: CWE-135 Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length. The product does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.
Query: indicators of Valid Accounts
Matching passage: T1078 Valid Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence. In some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts: for example, those belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. Using these accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on their account.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare) The overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)
Near-miss passage: T1078.003 Local Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. Local Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0933
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0933. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 3.5. Absolute path traversal vulnerability in ShareLaTeX 0.1.3 and earlier, when the paranoid openin_any setting is omitted, allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via a \include command.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0552. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Directory traversal vulnerability in the gcab_folder_extract function in libgcab/gcab-folder.c in gcab 0.4 allows remote attackers to write to arbitrary files via crafted path in a CAB file, as demonstrated by "\tmp\moo."
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-10052
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10052. CWE: CWE-601. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in calesanz gibb-modul-151. This affects the function bearbeiten/login. The manipulation leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The patch is named 88a517dc19443081210c804b655e72770727540d. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-218379. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3190. CWE: CWE-601. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. With Cloud Foundry Runtime cf-release versions v209 or earlier, UAA Standalone versions 2.2.6 or earlier and Pivotal Cloud Foundry Runtime 1.4.5 or earlier the UAA logout link is susceptible to an open redirect which allows an attacker to insert malicious web page as a redirect parameter.
Query: vulnerability: SQL injection vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Prime Service Catalog 11.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, ak
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6350. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Prime Service Catalog 11.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuw50843.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10086. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in OpenCycleCompass server-php. Affected is an unknown function of the file api1/login.php. The manipulation of the argument user leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The name of the patch is fa0d9bcf81c711a88172ad0d37a842f029ac3782. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221808.
Query: risk of Atto in Moodle 2.8.x before 2.8.9 and 2.9.x before 2.9.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) by leveraging the guest role and entering drafts wi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5332. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Atto in Moodle 2.8.x before 2.8.9 and 2.9.x before 2.9.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) by leveraging the guest role and entering drafts with the editor-autosave feature.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1227. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. The DragImage::create function in platform/DragImage.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, does not initialize memory for image drawing, which allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact by triggering a failed image decoding, as demonstrated by an image for which the default orientation cannot be used.
Query: detection rule: Detects use of an encoded/obfuscated version of an IP address (hex, octal...) in an URL combined with a download command
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects use of an encoded/obfuscated version of an IP address (hex, octal...) in an URL combined with a download command. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Obfuscated IP Download Activity id: cb5a2333-56cf-4562-8fcb-22ba1bca728d status: test description: Detects use of an encoded/obfuscated version of an IP address (hex, octal...) in an URL combined with a download command references: - https://h.43z.one/ipconverter/ - https://twitter.com/Yasser_Elsnbary/status/1553804135354564608 - https://twitter.com/fr0s7_/status/1712780207105404948 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-03 modified: 2026-03-16 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_command: CommandLine|contains: - Invoke-WebRequest - 'iwr ' - Invoke-RestMethod - 'irm ' - 'wget ' - 'curl ' - DownloadFile - DownloadString selection_ip_1: CommandLine|contains: - ' 0x' - //0x - .0x - .00x selection_ip_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - http://% - '%2e' selection_ip_3: - CommandLine|re: https?://[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.0[0-9]{3,4} - CommandLine|re: https?://[0-9]{1,3}\.0[0-9]{3,7} - CommandLine|re: https?://0[0-9]{3,11} - CommandLine|re: https?://(?:0[0-9]{1,11}\.){3}0[0-9]{1,11} - CommandLine|re: https?://0[0-9]{1,11} - CommandLine|re: ' [0-7]{7,13}' filter_main_valid_ip: CommandLine|re: https?://(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1\d|[1-9])?\d)(?:\.|\b)){4} condition: selection_command and 1 of selection_ip_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Bloodhound and Sharphound hack tools. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Bloodhound/Sharphound Execution id: f376c8a7-a2d0-4ddc-aa0c-16c17236d962 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Bloodhound and Sharphound hack tools references: - https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound - https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/SharpHound author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-12-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.001 - attack.t1087.002 - attack.t1482 - attack.t1069.001 - attack.t1069.002 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Product|contains: SharpHound - Description|contains: SharpHound - Company|contains: - SpecterOps - evil corp - Image|contains: - \Bloodhound.exe - \SharpHound.exe selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: - ' -CollectionMethod All ' - ' --CollectionMethods Session ' - ' --Loop --Loopduration ' - ' --PortScanTimeout ' - '.exe -c All -d ' - Invoke-Bloodhound - Get-BloodHoundData selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -JsonFolder ' - ' -ZipFileName ' selection_cli_3: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' DCOnly ' - ' --NoSaveCache ' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Other programs that use these command line option and accepts an 'All' parameter level: high
Query: exploit CoreText in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and iTunes before 12.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7017. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. CoreText in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and iTunes before 12.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6975 and CVE-2015-6992.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6978. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6990, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-6993, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8098
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8098. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. F5 BIG-IP APM 11.4.1 before 11.4.1 HF9, 11.5.x before 11.5.3, and 11.6.0 before 11.6.0 HF4 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors related to processing a Citrix Remote Desktop connection through a virtual server configured with a remote desktop profile, aka an "Out-of-bounds memory vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6066. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6070, CVE-2015-6071, CVE-2015-6074, CVE-2015-6076, and CVE-2015-6087.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Foreman 1.7.0 and after.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5282. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Foreman 1.7.0 and after.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7879. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Stickynote module 7.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with permission to create or edit a stickynote to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via note text on the admin listing page.
Query: detect Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file.. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Overwriting the File with Dev Zero or Null id: 37222991-11e9-4b6d-8bdf-60fbe48f753e status: stable description: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1485/T1485.md author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community date: 2019-10-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0|contains: dd a1|contains: - if=/dev/null - if=/dev/zero condition: selection falsepositives: - Appending null bytes to files. - Legitimate overwrite of files. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Password Reset By User Account id: 340ee172-4b67-4fb4-832f-f961bdc1f3aa status: test description: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts author: YochanaHenderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-03 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.credential-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: Category: UserManagement Status: Success Initiatedby: UPN filter: Target|contains: UPN ActivityType|contains: Password reset condition: selection and filter falsepositives: - If this was approved by System Administrator or confirmed user action. level: medium
Query: secure coding against Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs
Matching passage: CWE-648 Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs. The product does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.
Near-miss passage: CWE-82 Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page. The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.
Query: vulnerability: The __rds_conn_create function in net/rds/connection.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash)
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6937. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The __rds_conn_create function in net/rds/connection.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.3 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact by using a socket that was not properly bound.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4859. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Enterprise Manager Base Platform component in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control 12.1.0.4 and 12.1.0.5 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Agent Next Gen.
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8066. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2589. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to S10 Branded Zone.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3771
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3771. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. IOFireWireFamily in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3769 and CVE-2015-3772.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9206. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 808, and SD 810, during XML encoding of a message in the Playready module, a buffer overread may occur if the message passed is large.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, int
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4786. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2583, CVE-2015-2624, CVE-2015-2626, CVE-2015-2640, CVE-2015-2654, CVE-2015-2656, CVE-2015-4754, CVE-2015-4764, CVE-2015-4775, CVE-2015-4776, CVE-2015-4777, CVE-2015-4778, CVE-2015-4780, CVE-2015-4781, CVE-2015-4782, CVE-2015-4783, CVE-2015-4784, CVE-2015-4785, CVE-2015-4787, CVE-2015-4789, and CVE-2015-4790.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6710. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The CBBBRInit method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Query: risk of Safari in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 does not limit the rate of JavaScript alert messages, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (apparent browser locking) via a c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3763. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Safari in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 does not limit the rate of JavaScript alert messages, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (apparent browser locking) via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2190. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. epan/proto.c in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.4 does not properly handle integer data types greater than 32 bits in size, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and application exit) via a crafted packet that is improperly handled by the LLDP dissector.
Query: explain CWE-1423
Matching passage: CWE-1423 Exposure of Sensitive Information caused by Shared Microarchitectural Predictor State that Influences Transient Execution. Shared microarchitectural predictor state may allow code to influence transient execution across a hardware boundary, potentially exposing data that is accessible beyond the boundary over a covert channel.
Near-miss passage: CWE-589 Call to Non-ubiquitous API. The product uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.