alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Password Filter DLL
Matching passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)
Near-miss passage: T1556.008 Network Provider DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provider API) During the logon process, Winlogon (the interactive logon module) sends credentials to the local `mpnotify.exe` process via RPC. The `mpnotify.exe` process then shares the credentials in cleartext with registered credential managers when notifying that a logon event is happening.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)(Citation: NPPSPY Video)(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries can configure a malicious network provider DLL to receive credentials from `mpnotify.exe`.(Citation: NPPSPY) Once installed as a credential manager (via the Registry), a malicious DLL can receive and save credentials each time a user logs onto a Windows workstation or domain via the `NPLogonNotify()` function.(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries may target planting malicious network provider DLLs on systems known to have increased logon activity and/or administrator logon activity, such as servers and domain controllers.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)
Query: risk of OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2014.1.5 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.4 logs the backend_argument configuration option content, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3646. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2014.1.5 and 2014.2.x before 2014.2.4 logs the backend_argument configuration option content, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain passwords and other sensitive backend information by reading the Keystone logs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7322. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Secure Meeting (Pulse Collaboration) in Pulse Connect Secure (formerly Juniper Junos Pulse) before 7.1R22.1, 7.4, 8.0 before 8.0R11, and 8.1 before 8.1R3 provides different messages for attempts to join a meeting depending on the status of the meeting, which allows remote attackers to enumerate valid meeting ids via a series of requests.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9232
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9232. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The Good for Enterprise application 3.0.0.415 for Android does not use signature protection for its Authentication Delegation API intent. Also, the Good Dynamic application activation process does not attempt to detect malicious activation attempts involving modified names beginning with a com.good.gdgma substring. Consequently, an attacker could obtain access to intranet data. This issue is only relevant in cases where the user has already downloaded a malicious Android application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5236. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 7.5. It was discovered that the IcedTea-Web used codebase attribute of the <applet> tag on the HTML page that hosts Java applet in the Same Origin Policy (SOP) checks. As the specified codebase does not have to match the applet's actual origin, this allowed malicious site to bypass SOP via spoofed codebase value.
Query: risk of Cisco NX-OS on Nexus 9000 devices 11.1(1c) allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device hang) via large files that are copied to a device's filesystem, ak
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4301. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cisco NX-OS on Nexus 9000 devices 11.1(1c) allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device hang) via large files that are copied to a device's filesystem, aka Bug ID CSCuu77225.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7400. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.699999809265137. The Lotus Mashups component in IBM Mashup Center 3.0.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via an XML external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Ex
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0041. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0017, CVE-2015-0020, CVE-2015-0022, CVE-2015-0026, CVE-2015-0030, CVE-2015-0031, and CVE-2015-0036.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4717. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The filename sanitization component in ownCloud Server before 6.0.8, 7.0.x before 7.0.6, and 8.0.x before 8.0.4 does not properly handle $_GET parameters cast by PHP to an array, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and log file consumption) via crafted endpoint file names.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2498
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2498. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2486, CVE-2015-2487, CVE-2015-2490, CVE-2015-2492, CVE-2015-2494, and CVE-2015-2499.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5778. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreMedia Playback in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted movie file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5777.
Query: CWE for Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code
Matching passage: CWE-215 Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code. The product inserts sensitive information into debugging code, which could expose this information if the debugging code is not disabled in production.
Near-miss passage: CWE-313 Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk. The product stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8834
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8834. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in wp-includes/wp-db.php in WordPress before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a long comment that is improperly stored because of limitations on the MySQL TEXT data type. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-3440.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4420. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Opsview 4.6.2 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a (1) crafted check plugin, the (2) description in a host profile, or the (3) plugin_args parameter to a Test service check page.
Query: exploit Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a diffe
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4931. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4932, CVE-2015-4933, CVE-2015-4934, and CVE-2015-4935.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8382. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The match function in pcre_exec.c in PCRE before 8.37 mishandles the /(?:((abcd))|(((?:(?:(?:(?:abc|(?:abcdef))))b)abcdefghi)abc)|((*ACCEPT)))/ pattern and related patterns involving (*ACCEPT), which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory or cause a denial of service (partially initialized memory and application crash) via a crafted regular expression, as demonstrated by a JavaScript RegExp object encountered by Konqueror, aka ZDI-CAN-2547.
Query: risk of The WiFi Connectivity feature in Apple iOS before 8.4 allows remote Wi-Fi access points to trigger an automatic association, with an arbitrary security type, by operating with a re
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3728. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. The WiFi Connectivity feature in Apple iOS before 8.4 allows remote Wi-Fi access points to trigger an automatic association, with an arbitrary security type, by operating with a recognized ESSID within an 802.11 network's coverage area.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7225. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1260
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1260. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple use-after-free vulnerabilities in content/renderer/media/user_media_client_impl.cc in the WebRTC implementation in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JavaScript code that executes upon completion of a getUserMedia request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0455. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the XDB - XML Database component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2702
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2702. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Message Log in the Email Security Gateway in Websense TRITON AP-EMAIL before 8.0.0 and V-Series 7.7 appliances allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the sender address in an email.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2992. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Apache Struts before 2.3.20 has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
Query: incident response steps for Persistence mechanism resembling Social Media
Matching passage: Playbook for T1593.001 Social Media. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1593.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff. Adversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1593 Search Open Websites/Domains. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40 allows remote attackers to affect integrity and availability via unknown vectors related to Tools.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0480. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40 allows remote attackers to affect integrity and availability via unknown vectors related to Tools.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0400. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u85, 7u72, and 8u25 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Libraries.
Query: risk of IBM Emptoris Contract Management 9.5.0.x before 9.5.0.6 iFix15, 10.0.0.x and 10.0.1.x before 10.0.1.5 iFix5, 10.0.2.x before 10.0.2.7 iFix4, and 10.0.4.x before 10.0.4.0 iFix3 allo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5042. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. IBM Emptoris Contract Management 9.5.0.x before 9.5.0.6 iFix15, 10.0.0.x and 10.0.1.x before 10.0.1.5 iFix5, 10.0.2.x before 10.0.2.7 iFix4, and 10.0.4.x before 10.0.4.0 iFix3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by including a crafted Flash file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6563. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The monitor component in sshd in OpenSSH before 7.0 on non-OpenBSD platforms accepts extraneous username data in MONITOR_REQ_PAM_INIT_CTX requests, which allows local users to conduct impersonation attacks by leveraging any SSH login access in conjunction with control of the sshd uid to send a crafted MONITOR_REQ_PWNAM request, related to monitor.c and monitor_wrap.c.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3763
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3763. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Safari in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 does not limit the rate of JavaScript alert messages, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (apparent browser locking) via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2190. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. epan/proto.c in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.4 does not properly handle integer data types greater than 32 bits in size, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and application exit) via a crafted packet that is improperly handled by the LLDP dissector.
Query: risk of Wi-Fi in Android 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka intern
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6623. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Wi-Fi in Android 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24872703.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4331. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.5. Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) 1.4(0.45) and earlier, when AAA authentication is used, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via a username with a modified composition of lowercase and uppercase characters, aka Bug ID CSum59958.
Query: vulnerability: rsh in the remote_cmds component in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain root privileges via vectors involving environment variables.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5889. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. rsh in the remote_cmds component in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain root privileges via vectors involving environment variables.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2027. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 improperly performs logout actions, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging an unattended workstation.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4227
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4227. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Memory leak in Cisco Headend System Release allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCus91838.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0049. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Ex
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6048. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6049.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5334. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Off-by-one error in the OBJ_obj2txt function in LibreSSL before 2.3.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) or possible execute arbitrary code via a crafted X.509 certificate, which triggers a stack-based buffer overflow. Note: this vulnerability exists because of an incorrect fix for CVE-2014-3508.
Query: indicators of Data Staged
Matching passage: T1074 Data Staged. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017) In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Adversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Query: telemetry for T1525
Matching passage: T1525 Implant Internal Image. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or backdoored. Unlike [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), this technique focuses on adversaries implanting an image in a registry within a victim’s environment. Depending on how the infrastructure is provisioned, this could provide persistent access if the infrastructure provisioning tool is instructed to always use the latest image.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019) A tool has been developed to facilitate planting backdoors in cloud container images.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019) If an adversary has access to a compromised AWS instance, and permissions to list the available container images, they may implant a backdoor such as a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003).(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1505.001 SQL Stored Procedures. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted). Adversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) Microsoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR)
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure
Matching passage: T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)