alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Selective Exclusion
Matching passage: T1679 Selective Exclusion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may intentionally exclude certain files, folders, directories, file types, or system components from encryption or tampering during a ransomware or malicious payload execution. Some file extensions that adversaries may avoid encrypting include `.dll`, `.exe`, and `.lnk`.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Medusa Group Medusa Ransomware January 2024) Adversaries may perform this behavior to avoid alerting users, to evade detection by security tools and analysts, or, in the case of ransomware, to ensure that the system remains operational enough to deliver the ransom notice. Exclusions may target files and components whose corruption would cause instability, break core services, or immediately expose the attack. By carefully avoiding these areas, adversaries maintain system responsiveness while minimizing indicators that could trigger alarms or otherwise inhibit achieving their goals.
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: credential access using Chat Messages
Matching passage: T1552.008 Chat Messages. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user communication. Users may share various forms of credentials (such as usernames and passwords, API keys, or authentication tokens) on private or public corporate internal communications channels. Rather than accessing the stored chat logs (i.e., [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001)), adversaries may directly access credentials within these services on the user endpoint, through servers hosting the services, or through administrator portals for cloud hosted services. Adversaries may also compromise integration tools like Slack Workflows to automatically search through messages to extract user credentials. These credentials may then be abused to perform follow-on activities such as lateral movement or privilege escalation (Citation: Slack Security Risks).
Near-miss passage: T1552 Unsecured Credentials. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials. These credentials can be stored and/or misplaced in many locations on a system, including plaintext files (e.g. [Shell History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003)), operating system or application-specific repositories (e.g. [Credentials in Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002)), or other specialized files/artifacts (e.g. [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004)).(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix)
Query: campaign using Web Session Cookie
Matching passage: T1550.004 Web Session Cookie. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) Authentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform. There have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1550.002 Pass the Hash. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. When performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems. Adversaries may also use stolen password hashes to "overpass the hash." Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9331
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9331. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. The wp-all-import plugin before 3.2.4 for WordPress has no prevention of unauthenticated requests to adminInit.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7914. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. Sauter EY-WS505F0x0 moduWeb Vision before 1.6.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging knowledge of a password hash without knowledge of the associated password.
Query: explain CWE-311
Matching passage: CWE-311 Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data. The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
Near-miss passage: CWE-548 Exposure of Information Through Directory Listing. The product inappropriately exposes a directory listing with an index of all the resources located inside of the directory.
Query: common weakness: Permissive Regular Expression
Matching passage: CWE-625 Permissive Regular Expression. The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.
Near-miss passage: CWE-311 Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data. The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
Query: vulnerability: SecEmailUI in Samsung Galaxy S6 does not sanitize HTML email content, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7893. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. SecEmailUI in Samsung Galaxy S6 does not sanitize HTML email content, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9246. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered in Skybox Platform before 7.5.201. Remote Unauthenticated Code Execution exists via a WAR archive containing a JSP file. The WAR file is sent to /skyboxview-softwareupdate/services/CollectorSoftwareUpdate and the JSP file is reached at /opt/skyboxview/thirdparty/jboss/server/web/work/jboss.web/localhost.
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8656. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and memory corruption) via crafted MPEG-4 data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8060, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8444, CVE-2015-8451, CVE-2015-8455, CVE-2015-8652, CVE-2015-8654, CVE-2015-8657, CVE-2015-8658, and CVE-2015-8820.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4041. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The keycompare_mb function in sort.c in sort in GNU Coreutils through 8.23 on 64-bit platforms performs a size calculation without considering the number of bytes occupied by multibyte characters, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via long UTF-8 strings.
Query: weakness Improper Validation of Specified Index, Position, or Offset in Input
Matching passage: CWE-1285 Improper Validation of Specified Index, Position, or Offset in Input. The product receives input that is expected to specify an index, position, or offset into an indexable resource such as a buffer or file, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the specified index/position/offset has the required properties.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1058 Invokable Control Element in Multi-Thread Context with non-Final Static Storable or Member Element. The code contains a function or method that operates in a multi-threaded environment but owns an unsafe non-final static storable or member data element.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5299
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5299. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The shadow_copy2_get_shadow_copy_data function in modules/vfs_shadow_copy2.c in Samba 3.x and 4.x before 4.1.22, 4.2.x before 4.2.7, and 4.3.x before 4.3.3 does not verify that the DIRECTORY_LIST access right has been granted, which allows remote attackers to access snapshots by visiting a shadow copy directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4314. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The System Snapshot feature in Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway X8.5.1 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive password-hash information by reading the snapshot file, aka Bug ID CSCuv40422.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0066
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0066. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0018, CVE-2015-0037, and CVE-2015-0040.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0046. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0038 and CVE-2015-0042.
Query: risk of MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using HHVM or Zend PHP, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service ("quadratic blowup" and me
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2937. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using HHVM or Zend PHP, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service ("quadratic blowup" and memory consumption) via an XML file containing an entity declaration with long replacement text and many references to this entity, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2942.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7969. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Multiple memory leaks in Xen 4.0 through 4.6.x allow local guest administrators or domains with certain permission to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of "teardowns" of domains with the vcpu pointer array allocated using the (1) XEN_DOMCTL_max_vcpus hypercall or the xenoprofile state vcpu pointer array allocated using the (2) XENOPROF_get_buffer or (3) XENOPROF_set_passive hypercall.
Query: detection engineering for Pass the Hash
Matching passage: T1550.002 Pass the Hash. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. When performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems. Adversaries may also use stolen password hashes to "overpass the hash." Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)
Near-miss passage: T1550.004 Web Session Cookie. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) Authentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform. There have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)
Query: describe CVE-2015-9382
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9382. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 6.5. FreeType before 2.6.1 has a buffer over-read in skip_comment in psaux/psobjs.c because ps_parser_skip_PS_token is mishandled in an FT_New_Memory_Face operation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2697. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 4.0. The build_principal_va function in lib/krb5/krb/bld_princ.c in MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) before 1.14 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and KDC crash) via an initial '\0' character in a long realm field within a TGS request.
Query: vulnerability: content/browser/webui/content_web_ui_controller_factory.cc in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.130 does not properly consider the scheme in determining whether a URL is associated wi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1266. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. content/browser/webui/content_web_ui_controller_factory.cc in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.130 does not properly consider the scheme in determining whether a URL is associated with a WebUI SiteInstance, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via a similar URL, as demonstrated by use of http://gpu when there is a WebUI class for handling chrome://gpu requests.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3900. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. RubyGems 2.0.x before 2.0.16, 2.2.x before 2.2.4, and 2.4.x before 2.4.7 does not validate the hostname when fetching gems or making API requests, which allows remote attackers to redirect requests to arbitrary domains via a crafted DNS SRV record, aka a "DNS hijack attack."
Query: detect Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers. Logsource: windows / ntlm. Rule: title: NTLM Logon id: 98c3bcf1-56f2-49dc-9d8d-c66cf190238b status: test description: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers references: - https://twitter.com/JohnLaTwC/status/1004895028995477505 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-06-08 modified: 2024-07-22 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1550.002 logsource: product: windows service: ntlm definition: Requires events from Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational detection: selection: EventID: 8002 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legacy hosts level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the registration of the security event source VSSAudit. It would usually trigger when volume shadow copy operati. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: VSSAudit Security Event Source Registration id: e9faba72-4974-4ab2-a4c5-46e25ad59e9b status: test description: Detects the registration of the security event source VSSAudit. It would usually trigger when volume shadow copy operations happen. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1003.002/T1003.002.md#atomic-test-3---esentutlexe-sam-copy author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR) date: 2020-10-20 modified: 2022-04-28 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: AuditSourceName: VSSAudit EventID: - 4904 - 4905 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of VSSVC. Maybe backup operations. It would usually be done by C:\Windows\System32\VSSVC.exe. level: informational
Query: detection rule: Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query Request By QuickAssist.EXE id: 882e858a-3233-4ba8-855e-2f3d3575803d status: experimental description: 'Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish a session. ' references: - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/15/threat-actors-misusing-quick-assist-in-social-engineering-attacks-leading-to-ransomware/ - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ/ - https://x.com/cyb3rops/status/1862406110365245506 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/client-management/client-tools/quick-assist author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-12-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.initial-access - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1071.001 - attack.t1210 logsource: category: dns_query product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \QuickAssist.exe QueryName|endswith: remoteassistance.support.services.microsoft.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Quick Assist in the environment. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects file being transferred via ScreenConnect RMM. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - ScreenConnect File Transfer id: 5d19eb78-5b5b-4ef2-a9f0-4bfa94d58a13 related: - id: b1f73849-6329-4069-bc8f-78a604bb8b23 type: similar status: test description: Detects file being transferred via ScreenConnect RMM references: - https://www.huntandhackett.com/blog/revil-the-usage-of-legitimate-remote-admin-tooling - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/4467 author: Ali Alwashali date: 2023-10-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 logsource: service: application product: windows detection: selection: Provider_Name: ScreenConnect EventID: 201 Data|contains: Transferred files with action condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of ScreenConnect level: low
Query: CWE for Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class
Matching passage: CWE-608 Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class. An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.
Near-miss passage: CWE-566 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key. The product uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.
Query: exploit The label decompression functionality in PowerDNS Recursor before 3.6.4 and 3.7.x before 3.7.3 and Authoritative (Auth) Server before 3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.5 allows remote att
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5470. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The label decompression functionality in PowerDNS Recursor before 3.6.4 and 3.7.x before 3.7.3 and Authoritative (Auth) Server before 3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or crash) via a request with a long name that refers to itself. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-1868.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5362. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The BFD daemon in Juniper Junos OS 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D50, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D35, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D25, 12.3 before 12.3R10, 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D15, 13.2 before 13.2R8, 13.3 before 13.3R6, 14.1 before 14.1R5, 14.1X50 before 14.1X50-D85, 14.1X55 before 14.1X55-D20, 14.2 before 14.2R3, 15.1 before 15.1R1, and 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (bfdd crash and restart) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted BFD packet.
Query: vulnerability: The photo-gallery plugin before 1.2.42 for WordPress has CSRF.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9380. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The photo-gallery plugin before 1.2.42 for WordPress has CSRF.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2295. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in system_firmware_restorefullbackup.php in the WebGUI in pfSense before 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete arbitrary files via the deletefile parameter.