alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain T1003.004 LSA Secrets
Matching passage: T1003.004 LSA Secrets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets) [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)
Near-miss passage: T1003.007 Proc Filesystem. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials from the proc filesystem or `/proc`. The proc filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem used as an interface to kernel data structures for Linux based systems managing virtual memory. For each process, the `/proc/<PID>/maps` file shows how memory is mapped within the process’s virtual address space. And `/proc/<PID>/mem`, exposed for debugging purposes, provides access to the process’s virtual address space.(Citation: Picus Labs Proc cump 2022)(Citation: baeldung Linux proc map 2022) When executing with root privileges, adversaries can search these memory locations for all processes on a system that contain patterns indicative of credentials. Adversaries may use regex patterns, such as <code>grep -E "^[0-9a-f-]* r" /proc/"$pid"/maps | cut -d' ' -f 1</code>, to look for fixed strings in memory structures or cached hashes.(Citation: atomic-red proc file system) When running without privileged access, processes can still view their own virtual memory locations. Some services or programs may save credentials in clear text inside the process’s memory.(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017)(Citation: Polop Linux PrivEsc Gitbook) If running as or with the permissions of a web browser, a process can search the `/maps` & `/mem` locations for common website credential patterns (that can also be used to find adjacent memory within the same structure) in which hashes or cleartext credentials may be located.
Query: exploit The videowhisper-video-presentation plugin 3.31.17 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code because vp/vw_upload.php considers a file safe when "html" are th
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9272. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The videowhisper-video-presentation plugin 3.31.17 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code because vp/vw_upload.php considers a file safe when "html" are the last four characters, as demonstrated by a .phtml file containing PHP code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0093. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0088, CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0091, and CVE-2015-0092.
Query: exploit MediaWiki 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using PBKDF2 for password hashing, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a long password.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2936. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. MediaWiki 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using PBKDF2 for password hashing, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a long password.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5143. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The session backends in Django before 1.4.21, 1.5.x through 1.6.x, 1.7.x before 1.7.9, and 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (session store consumption) via multiple requests with unique session keys.
Query: how to detect Cloud Services
Matching passage: T1021.007 Cloud Services. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may log into accessible cloud services within a compromised environment using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that are synchronized with or federated to on-premises user identities. The adversary may then perform management actions or access cloud-hosted resources as the logged-on user. Many enterprises federate centrally managed user identities to cloud services, allowing users to login with their domain credentials in order to access the cloud control plane. Similarly, adversaries may connect to available cloud services through the web console or through the cloud command line interface (CLI) (e.g., [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009)), using commands such as <code>Connect-AZAccount</code> for Azure PowerShell, <code>Connect-MgGraph</code> for Microsoft Graph PowerShell, and <code>gcloud auth login</code> for the Google Cloud CLI. In some cases, adversaries may be able to authenticate to these services via [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001) instead of a username and password.
Near-miss passage: T1021.004 SSH. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. SSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. On ESXi, SSH can be enabled either directly on the host (e.g., via `vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh`) or via vCenter.(Citation: Sygnia ESXi Ransomware 2025)(Citation: TrendMicro ESXI Ransomware)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user’s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user (i.e., [SSH Authorized Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004)).
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / ps_script
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Service Registry Permissions Weakness Check id: 95afc12e-3cbb-40c3-9340-84a032e596a3 status: test description: 'Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for registry to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code at Service start. Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1574.011/T1574.011.md#atomic-test-1---service-registry-permissions-weakness - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/get-acl?view=powershell-7.4 author: frack113 date: 2021-12-30 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.011 - stp.2a logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - get-acl - REGISTRY::HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects indicators of a UAC bypass method by mocking directories. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: TrustedPath UAC Bypass Pattern id: 4ac47ed3-44c2-4b1f-9d51-bf46e8914126 related: - id: 0cbe38c0-270c-41d9-ab79-6e5a9a669290 type: similar status: test description: Detects indicators of a UAC bypass method by mocking directories references: - https://medium.com/tenable-techblog/uac-bypass-by-mocking-trusted-directories-24a96675f6e - https://www.wietzebeukema.nl/blog/hijacking-dlls-in-windows - https://github.com/netero1010/TrustedPath-UACBypass-BOF - https://x.com/Wietze/status/1933495426952421843 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-27 modified: 2025-06-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|contains: - C:\Windows \System32\ - C:\Windows \SysWOW64\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Query: threat report mentioning Customer Relationship Management Software
Matching passage: T1213.004 Customer Relationship Management Software. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software to mine valuable information. CRM software is used to assist organizations in tracking and managing customer interactions, as well as storing customer data. Once adversaries gain access to a victim organization, they may mine CRM software for customer data. This may include personally identifiable information (PII) such as full names, emails, phone numbers, and addresses, as well as additional details such as purchase histories and IT support interactions. By collecting this data, an adversary may be able to send personalized [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails, engage in SIM swapping, or otherwise target the organization’s customers in ways that enable financial gain or the compromise of additional organizations.(Citation: Bleeping Computer US Cellular Hack 2022)(Citation: Bleeping Computer Mint Mobile Hack 2021)(Citation: Bleeping Computer Bank Hack 2020) CRM software may be hosted on-premises or in the cloud. Information stored in these solutions may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Examples of CRM software include Microsoft Dynamics 365, Salesforce, Zoho, Zendesk, and HubSpot.
Near-miss passage: T1213.002 Sharepoint. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Ingress Tool Transfer
Matching passage: T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095). Once present, adversaries may also transfer/spread tools between victim devices within a compromised environment (i.e. [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570)). On Windows, adversaries may use various utilities to download tools, such as `copy`, `finger`, [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160), and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands such as <code>IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString()</code> and <code>Invoke-WebRequest</code>. On Linux and macOS systems, a variety of utilities also exist, such as `curl`, `scp`, `sftp`, `tftp`, `rsync`, `finger`, and `wget`.(Citation: t1105_lolbas) A number of these tools, such as `wget`, `curl`, and `scp`, also exist on ESXi. After downloading a file, a threat actor may attempt to verify its integrity by checking its hash value (e.g., via `certutil -hashfile`).(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence COSCMICENERGY 2023) Adversaries may also abuse installers and package managers, such as `yum` or `winget`, to download tools to victim hosts. Adversaries have also abused file application features, such as the Windows `search-ms` protocol handler, to deliver malicious files to victims through remote file searches invoked by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) (typically after interacting with [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) lures).(Citation: T1105: Trellix_search-ms) Files can also be transferred using various [Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)s as well as native or otherwise present tools on the victim system.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) In some cases, adve
Near-miss passage: T1001.002 Steganography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP Application Security Manager (ASM) before 11.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Response
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1050. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP Application Security Manager (ASM) before 11.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Response Body field when creating a new user account.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9414. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The wp-symposium plugin through 15.8.1 for WordPress has XSS via the wp-content/plugins/wp-symposium/get_album_item.php?size parameter.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in EMC RSA Certificate Manager (RCM) before 6.9 build 558 and RSA Registration Manager (RRM) before 6.9 build 558 allows remote attackers t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0522. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in EMC RSA Certificate Manager (RCM) before 6.9 build 558 and RSA Registration Manager (RRM) before 6.9 build 558 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to the email address parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7348. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in zTree 3.5.19.1 and possibly earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the id parameter to demo/en/asyncData/getNodesForBigData.php.
Query: detect Detects local user creation on Windows servers, which shouldn't happen in an Active Directory environment. Apply this Si in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects local user creation on Windows servers, which shouldn't happen in an Active Directory environment. Apply this Si. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Local User Creation id: 66b6be3d-55d0-4f47-9855-d69df21740ea status: test description: 'Detects local user creation on Windows servers, which shouldn''t happen in an Active Directory environment. Apply this Sigma Use Case on your Windows server logs and not on your DC logs. ' references: - https://patrick-bareiss.com/detecting-local-user-creation-in-ad-with-sigma/ author: Patrick Bareiss date: 2019-04-18 modified: 2021-01-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4720 condition: selection falsepositives: - Domain Controller Logs - Local accounts managed by privileged account management tools level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "lodctr.exe" to rebuild the performance counter registry values. This can be abused by attacker. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Rebuild Performance Counter Values Via Lodctr.EXE id: cc9d3712-6310-4320-b2df-7cb408274d53 status: test description: Detects the execution of "lodctr.exe" to rebuild the performance counter registry values. This can be abused by attackers by providing a malicious config file to overwrite performance counter configuration to confuse and evade monitoring and security solutions. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/virtual-smart-cards/virtual-smart-card-tpmvscmgr author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-15 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: \lodctr.exe OriginalFileName: LODCTR.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -r' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage by an administrator level: medium
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in MyBB (aka MyBulletinBoard) before 1.8.4 has unknown attack vectors related to "Group join request notifications sent to wrong group leaders."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2786. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in MyBB (aka MyBulletinBoard) before 1.8.4 has unknown attack vectors related to "Group join request notifications sent to wrong group leaders."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0431. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.0 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, and 6.3.5 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to UI Infrastructure.
Query: secure coding against Use of Redundant Code
Matching passage: CWE-1041 Use of Redundant Code. The product has multiple functions, methods, procedures, macros, etc. that contain the same code.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1189 Improper Isolation of Shared Resources on System-on-a-Chip (SoC). The System-On-a-Chip (SoC) does not properly isolate shared resources between trusted and untrusted agents.
Query: detection rule: Detects usage of Sysinternals PsSuspend which can be abused to suspend critical processes
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Sysinternals PsSuspend which can be abused to suspend critical processes. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Sysinternals PsSuspend Execution id: 48bbc537-b652-4b4e-bd1d-281172df448f related: - id: 4beb6ae0-f85b-41e2-8f18-8668abc8af78 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of Sysinternals PsSuspend which can be abused to suspend critical processes references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/pssuspend - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1638069413717975046 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-23 modified: 2026-06-29 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.discovery - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - OriginalFileName: pssuspend.exe - Image|endswith: - \pssuspend.exe - \pssuspend64.exe - \pssuspend64a.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects remote RPC calls to read information about scheduled tasks. Logsource: rpc_firewall / application. Rule: title: Remote Schedule Task Recon via ITaskSchedulerService id: 7f7c49eb-2977-4ac8-8ab0-ab1bae14730e status: test description: Detects remote RPC calls to read information about scheduled tasks references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tsch/d1058a28-7e02-4948-8b8d-4a347fa64931 - https://github.com/jsecurity101/MSRPC-to-ATTACK/blob/ddd4608fe8684fcf2fcf9b48c5f0b3c28097f8a3/documents/MS-TSCH.md - https://github.com/zeronetworks/rpcfirewall - https://zeronetworks.com/blog/stopping-lateral-movement-via-the-rpc-firewall/ author: Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz date: 2022-01-01 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: product: rpc_firewall category: application definition: 'Requirements: install and apply the RPC Firewall to all processes with "audit:true action:block uuid:86d35949-83c9-4044-b424-db363231fd0c"' detection: selection: EventLog: RPCFW EventID: 3 InterfaceUuid: 86d35949-83c9-4044-b424-db363231fd0c filter: OpNum: - 1 - 3 - 4 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6371
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6371. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via crafted parameters to unspecified scripts, aka Bug ID CSCux10621.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7940. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Bouncy Castle Java library before 1.51 does not validate a point is withing the elliptic curve, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain private keys via a series of crafted elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchanges, aka an "invalid curve attack."
Query: Suspicious Cloud Administration Command execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1651 Cloud Administration Command. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse cloud management services to execute commands within virtual machines. Resources such as AWS Systems Manager, Azure RunCommand, and Runbooks allow users to remotely run scripts in virtual machines by leveraging installed virtual machine agents. (Citation: AWS Systems Manager Run Command)(Citation: Microsoft Run Command) If an adversary gains administrative access to a cloud environment, they may be able to abuse cloud management services to execute commands in the environment’s virtual machines. Additionally, an adversary that compromises a service provider or delegated administrator account may similarly be able to leverage a [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199) to execute commands in connected virtual machines.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1127.001 MSBuild. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild) Adversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. The inline task capability of MSBuild that was introduced in .NET version 4 allows for C# or Visual Basic code to be inserted into an XML project file.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)(Citation: Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017) MSBuild will compile and execute the inline task. MSBuild.exe is a signed Microsoft binary, so when it is used this way it can execute arbitrary code and bypass application control defenses that are configured to allow MSBuild.exe execution.(Citation: LOLBAS Msbuild)