alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: containment actions for SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with System Firmware
Matching passage: Playbook for T1542.001 System Firmware. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1542.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, persistence. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer.(Citation: Wikipedia BIOS)(Citation: Wikipedia UEFI)(Citation: About UEFI) System f
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1542.005 TFTP Boot. Different response path focused on stealth, persistence.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6602
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6602. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libutils in Android through 5.1.1 LMY48M allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted metadata in a (1) MP3 or (2) MP4 file, as demonstrated by an attack against use of libutils by libstagefright in Android 5.x.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0980. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.0. Format string vulnerability in BACnOPCServer.exe in the SOAP web interface in SCADA Engine BACnet OPC Server before 2.1.371.24 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in a request.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7808
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7808. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The vB_Api_Hook::decodeArguments method in vBulletin 5 Connect 5.1.2 through 5.1.9 allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via a crafted serialized object in the arguments parameter to ajax/api/hook/decodeArguments.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0638. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.2, and 15.3, when a VRF interface is configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (interface queue wedge) via crafted ICMPv4 packets, aka Bug ID CSCsi02145.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1714
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1714. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6600. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48T allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted media file, aka internal bug 22882938.
Query: campaign using Publish/Subscribe Protocols
Matching passage: T1071.005 Publish/Subscribe Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using publish/subscribe (pub/sub) application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as <code>MQTT</code>, <code>XMPP</code>, <code>AMQP</code>, and <code>STOMP</code> use a publish/subscribe design, with message distribution managed by a centralized broker.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix) Publishers categorize their messages by topics, while subscribers receive messages according to their subscribed topics.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub) An adversary may abuse publish/subscribe protocols to communicate with systems under their control from behind a message broker while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. The DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) DNS beaconing may be used to send commands to remote systems via DNS queries. A DNS beacon is created by tunneling DNS traffic (i.e. [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572)). The commands may be embedded into different DNS records, for example, TXT or A records.(Citation: OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government) DNS beacons may be difficult to detect because the beacons infrequently communicate with infected devices.(Citation: DNS Beacons) Infrequent communication conceals the malicious DNS traffic with normal DNS traffic.
Query: exploit Double-free vulnerability in the sPLT chunk structure and png.c in pngcrush before 1.7.87 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7700. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Double-free vulnerability in the sPLT chunk structure and png.c in pngcrush before 1.7.87 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8962. CWE: CWE-415. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Double free vulnerability in the sg_common_write function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and system crash) by detaching a device during an SG_IO ioctl call.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5893
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5893. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. SMBClient in SMB in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4980. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 7.0.0.6 through 7.0.0.9 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive personal information via unknown vectors.
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adob
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5131. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5132 and CVE-2015-5133.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5552. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5544, CVE-2015-5545, CVE-2015-5546, CVE-2015-5547, CVE-2015-5548, CVE-2015-5549, and CVE-2015-5553.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5951
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5951. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.899999618530273. A file upload issue exists in the specid parameter in Thomson Reuters FATCH before 5.2, which allows malicious users to upload arbitrary PHP files to the web root and execute system commands.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9338. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 7.5. The wp-file-upload plugin before 2.5.0 for WordPress has insufficient restrictions on upload of .php files.
Query: risk of QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7, as used in OS X before 10.10.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of servi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3662. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7, as used in OS X before 10.10.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3661, CVE-2015-3663, CVE-2015-3666, CVE-2015-3667, and CVE-2015-3668.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0307. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.5. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 16.0.0.272 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 16.0.0.272, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 16.0.0.272 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0039. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0027, CVE-2015-0035, CVE-2015-0052, and CVE-2015-0068.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6309. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) 8.5.6-106 and 9.6.0-042 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (file-descriptor consumption and device reload) via crafted HTTP requests, aka Bug ID CSCuw32211.
Query: indicators of Digital Certificates
Matching passage: T1587.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA). Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). After creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Near-miss passage: T1587 Develop Capabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-signed certificates. Adversaries may develop capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020) As with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing capabilities. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the capability.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0806
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0806. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. The Off Main Thread Compositing (OMTC) implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 37.0 attempts to use memset for a memory region of negative length during interaction with the mozilla::layers::BufferTextureClient::AllocateForSurface function, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via vectors that trigger rendering of 2D graphics content.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2270. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. lib/moodlelib.php in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.9, 2.7.x before 2.7.6, and 2.8.x before 2.8.4, when the theme uses the blocks-regions feature, establishes the course state at an incorrect point in the login-validation process, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive course information via unspecified vectors.
Query: exploit Mediabridge Medialink MWN-WAPR300N devices with firmware 5.07.50 and Tenda N3 Wireless N150 devices allow remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a certain admin subst
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5995. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Mediabridge Medialink MWN-WAPR300N devices with firmware 5.07.50 and Tenda N3 Wireless N150 devices allow remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a certain admin substring in an HTTP Cookie header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6034. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. EPSON Network Utility 4.10 uses weak permissions (Everyone: Full Control) for eEBSVC.exe, which allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2955
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2955. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 7.5. Igreks MilkyStep Light 0.94 and earlier and Professional 1.82 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8557. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 9.0. The FontManager._get_nix_font_path function in formatters/img.py in Pygments 1.2.2 through 2.0.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a font name.
Query: risk of The Views module before 6.x-2.18, 6.x-3.x before 6.x-3.2, and 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.10 for Drupal does not properly restrict access to the default views configurations, which allows
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3379. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. The Views module before 6.x-2.18, 6.x-3.x before 6.x-3.2, and 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.10 for Drupal does not properly restrict access to the default views configurations, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4331. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.5. Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) 1.4(0.45) and earlier, when AAA authentication is used, allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via a username with a modified composition of lowercase and uppercase characters, aka Bug ID CSum59958.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Report Manager component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confiden
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4886. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Report Manager component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Reports Security. NOTE: the previous information is from the October 2015 CPU. Oracle has not commented on third-party claims that this issue is an XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability, which allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, cause a denial of service, or conduct SMB Relay attacks via a crafted DTD in an XML request involving the OA_HTML/copxml servlet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0497. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal Interaction Hub component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 9.1.00 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Enterprise Portal.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3124
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3124. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3127, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4428, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8435. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: risk of Race condition in the AsyncPaintWaitEvent::AsyncPaintWaitEvent function in Mozilla Firefox before 37.0.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of serv
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2706. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Race condition in the AsyncPaintWaitEvent::AsyncPaintWaitEvent function in Mozilla Firefox before 37.0.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted plugin that does not properly complete initialization.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7550. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 5.5. The keyctl_read_key function in security/keys/keyctl.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3.4 does not properly use a semaphore, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted application that leverages a race condition between keyctl_revoke and keyctl_read calls.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8672
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8672. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The presentation transmission permission management mechanism in Huawei TE30, TE40, TE50, and TE60 multimedia video conferencing endpoints with software before V100R001C10SPC100 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (wired presentation outage) via unspecified vectors involving a wireless presentation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9166. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear IPQ4019, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, DRM provisioning mechanisms used in QSEE applications have a feature to prevent further provisioning. This is done by creating an SFS file called 'finalize_prov_flag.data' at the end of provisioning. When this feature is enabled, provisioning calls check for the existence of the file in order to decide whether to do provisioning or not. Current implementation allows provisioning without sufficient checks.
Query: risk of Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 does not restrict access to run-mpe.php, which allows remote attackers to run the Maintenance Priority Engine and possibly cause a denial of service (r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7371. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 does not restrict access to run-mpe.php, which allows remote attackers to run the Maintenance Priority Engine and possibly cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a direct request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7454. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Business Space in IBM WebSphere Process Server 6.1.2.0 through 7.0.0.5 and Business Process Manager Advanced 7.5.x through 7.5.1.2, 8.0.x through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0.x through 8.5.0.2, 8.5.5.x through 8.5.5.0, and 8.5.6.x through 8.5.6.2 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and create an arbitrary page or space via unspecified vectors.
Query: what is T1571
Matching passage: T1571 Non-Standard Port. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data. Adversaries may also make changes to victim systems to abuse non-standard ports. For example, Registry keys and other configuration settings can be used to modify protocol and port pairings.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti)
Near-miss passage: T1659 Content Injection. Tactics: initial access, command and control. Description: Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic. Rather than luring victims to malicious payloads hosted on a compromised website (i.e., [Drive-by Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004) followed by [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)), adversaries may initially access victims through compromised data-transfer channels where they can manipulate traffic and/or inject their own content. These compromised online network channels may also be used to deliver additional payloads (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and other data to already compromised systems.(Citation: ESET MoustachedBouncer) Adversaries may inject content to victim systems in various ways, including: * From the middle, where the adversary is in-between legitimate online client-server communications (**Note:** this is similar but distinct from [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557), which describes AiTM activity solely within an enterprise environment) (Citation: Kaspersky Encyclopedia MiTM) * From the side, where malicious content is injected and races to the client as a fake response to requests of a legitimate online server (Citation: Kaspersky ManOnTheSide) Content injection is often the result of compromised upstream communication channels, for example at the level of an internet service provider (ISP) as is the case with "lawful interception."(Citation: Kaspersky ManOnTheSide)(Citation: ESET MoustachedBouncer)(Citation: EFF China GitHub Attack)