alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Domain Accounts
Matching passage: T1078.002 Domain Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts) Adversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.
Near-miss passage: T1078 Valid Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence. In some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts: for example, those belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. Using these accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on their account.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare) The overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)
Query: actor TTPs: Steal Web Session Cookie
Matching passage: T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) There are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) Adversaries may also steal cookies by injecting malicious JavaScript content into websites or relying on [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) by tricking victims into running malicious JavaScript in their browser.(Citation: Talos Roblox Scam 2023)(Citation: Krebs Discord Bookmarks 2023) There are also open source frameworks such as `Evilginx2` and `Muraena` that can gather session cookies through a malicious proxy (e.g., [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557)) that can be set up by an adversary and used in phishing campaigns.(Citation: Github evilginx2)(Citation: GitHub Mauraena) After an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004) technique to login to the corresponding web application.
Near-miss passage: T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access. A number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques: * pwdumpx.exe * [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) * [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) * secretsdump.py Alternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg: * <code>reg save HKLM\sam sam</code> * <code>reg save HKLM\system system</code> Creddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7) Notes: * RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator. * RID 501 is the guest account. * User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.
Query: CWE for Improper Handling of Undefined Values
Matching passage: CWE-232 Improper Handling of Undefined Values. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.
Near-miss passage: CWE-20 Improper Input Validation. The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.
Query: detect Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Hydra Password Bruteforce Execution id: aaafa146-074c-11eb-adc1-0242ac120002 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool references: - https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra author: Vasiliy Burov date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 - attack.t1110.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '-u ' - '-p ' CommandLine|contains: - ^USER^ - ^PASS^ condition: selection falsepositives: - Software that uses the caret encased keywords PASS and USER in its command line level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects any assembly DLL being loaded by an Office Product. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: DotNET Assembly DLL Loaded Via Office Application id: ff0f2b05-09db-4095-b96d-1b75ca24894a status: test description: Detects any assembly DLL being loaded by an Office Product references: - https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-adversary-tradecraft-with-image-load-event-logging-and-eql-8de93338c16 author: Antonlovesdnb date: 2020-02-19 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \excel.exe - \mspub.exe - \onenote.exe - \onenoteim.exe - \outlook.exe - \powerpnt.exe - \winword.exe ImageLoaded|startswith: C:\Windows\assembly\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: hunt for Software Extensions activity
Matching passage: T1176 Software Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse software extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Software extensions are modular components that enhance or customize the functionality of software applications, including web browsers, Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), and other platforms.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security) Extensions are typically installed via official marketplaces, app stores, or manually loaded by users, and they often inherit the permissions and access levels of the host application. Malicious extensions can be introduced through various methods, including social engineering, compromised marketplaces, or direct installation by users or by adversaries who have already gained access to a system. Malicious extensions can be named similarly or identically to benign extensions in marketplaces. Security mechanisms in extension marketplaces may be insufficient to detect malicious components, allowing adversaries to bypass automated scanners or exploit trust established during the installation process. Adversaries may also abuse benign extensions to achieve their objectives, such as using legitimate functionality to tunnel data or bypass security controls. The modular nature of extensions and their integration with host applications make them an attractive target for adversaries seeking to exploit trusted software ecosystems. Detection can be challenging due to the inherent trust placed in extensions during installation and their ability to blend into normal application workflows.
Near-miss passage: T1176.002 IDE Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse an integrated development environment (IDE) extension to establish persistent access to victim systems.(Citation: Mnemonic misuse visual studio) IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Eclipse support extensions - software components that add features like code linting, auto-completion, task automation, or integration with tools like Git and Docker. A malicious extension can be installed through an extension marketplace (i.e., [Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001)) or side-loaded directly into the IDE.(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security)(Citation: Lakshmanan Visual Studio Marketplace) In addition to installing malicious extensions, adversaries may also leverage benign ones. For example, adversaries may establish persistent SSH tunnels via the use of the VSCode Remote SSH extension (i.e., [IDE Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/001)). Trust is typically established through the installation process; once installed, the malicious extension is run every time that the IDE is launched. The extension can then be used to execute arbitrary code, establish a backdoor, mine cryptocurrency, or exfiltrate data.(Citation: ExtensionTotal VSCode Extensions 2025)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "Diskshadow.exe" in script mode to execute an script with a potentially uncommon extension. Initial. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Diskshadow Script Mode - Uncommon Script Extension Execution id: 1dde5376-a648-492e-9e54-4241dd9b0c7f related: - id: fa1a7e52-3d02-435b-81b8-00da14dd66c1 type: similar - id: 9f546b25-5f12-4c8d-8532-5893dcb1e4b8 type: similar - id: 56b1dde8-b274-435f-a73a-fb75eb81262a type: similar - id: 0c2f8629-7129-4a8a-9897-7e0768f13ff2 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects execution of "Diskshadow.exe" in script mode to execute an script with a potentially uncommon extension. Initial baselining of the allowed extension list is required. ' references: - https://bohops.com/2018/03/26/diskshadow-the-return-of-vss-evasion-persistence-and-active-directory-database-extraction/ - https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/ntds.dit-enumeration - https://medium.com/@cyberjyot/lolbin-execution-via-diskshadow-f6ff681a27a4 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskshadow - https://www.lifars.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/GriefRansomware_Whitepaper-2.pdf - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/technical-analysis-crytox-ransomware - https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/evilplayout-attack-against-irans-state-broadcaster/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-09-15 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: diskshadow.exe - Image|endswith: \diskshadow.exe selection_flag: CommandLine|contains|windash: '-s ' filter_main_ext: CommandLine|contains: .txt condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - False postitve might occur with legitimate or uncommon extensions used internally. Initial baseline is required. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects msdt.exe executed by a suspicious parent as seen in CVE-2022-30190 / Follina exploitation. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious MSDT Parent Process id: 7a74da6b-ea76-47db-92cc-874ad90df734 status: test description: Detects msdt.exe executed by a suspicious parent as seen in CVE-2022-30190 / Follina exploitation references: - https://twitter.com/nao_sec/status/1530196847679401984 - https://app.any.run/tasks/713f05d2-fe78-4b9d-a744-f7c133e3fafb/ author: Nextron Systems date: 2022-06-01 modified: 2023-02-06 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \schtasks.exe - \wmic.exe - \wscript.exe - \wsl.exe selection_msdt: - Image|endswith: \msdt.exe - OriginalFileName: msdt.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: containment actions for Persistence mechanism resembling Invisible Unicode
Matching passage: Playbook for T1027.018 Invisible Unicode. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1027.018. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse invisible or non-printing Unicode characters to conceal malicious content within files, scripts, or text. By inserting characters that do not visibly render, adversaries may hide data, alter how content is interpreted, or make malicious code appear as benign text or whitespace. Adversaries may encode these malicious payloads, using binary, Base64, or custom schemes, to be rec
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1027.006 HTML Smuggling. Different response path focused on stealth.
Query: describe CVE-2015-9387
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9387. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The mtouch-quiz plugin before 3.1.3 for WordPress has wp-admin/options-general.php CSRF.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4010. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Encrypted Contact Form plugin before 1.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the iframe_url parameter in an Update Page action in the conformconf page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
Query: detection rule: Detects non-system users failing to get a handle of the SCM database.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects non-system users failing to get a handle of the SCM database.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: SCM Database Handle Failure id: 13addce7-47b2-4ca0-a98f-1de964d1d669 status: test description: Detects non-system users failing to get a handle of the SCM database. references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190826-RemoteSCMHandle/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-08-12 modified: 2022-07-11 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1010 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4656 ObjectType: SC_MANAGER OBJECT ObjectName: ServicesActive AccessMask: '0xf003f' filter: SubjectLogonId: '0x3e4' condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects events from the Kernel-General ETW indicating that the access bits of a hive with a system like hive name locate. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Critical Hive In Suspicious Location Access Bits Cleared id: 39f919f3-980b-4e6f-a975-8af7e507ef2b related: - id: 839dd1e8-eda8-4834-8145-01beeee33acd type: obsolete status: test description: 'Detects events from the Kernel-General ETW indicating that the access bits of a hive with a system like hive name located in the temp directory have been reset. This occurs when an application tries to access a hive and the hive has not be recognized since the last 7 days (by default). Registry hive dumping utilities such as QuarksPwDump were seen emitting this behavior. ' references: - https://github.com/nasbench/Misc-Research/blob/b20da2336de0f342d31ef4794959d28c8d3ba5ba/ETW/Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-General.md author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-05-15 modified: 2024-01-18 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: EventID: 16 Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-General HiveName|contains: - \Temp\SAM - \Temp\SECURITY condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects remote RPC calls to read information about scheduled tasks via SASec
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects remote RPC calls to read information about scheduled tasks via SASec. Logsource: rpc_firewall / application. Rule: title: Recon Activity via SASec id: 0a3ff354-93fc-4273-8a03-1078782de5b7 status: test description: Detects remote RPC calls to read information about scheduled tasks via SASec references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tsch/d1058a28-7e02-4948-8b8d-4a347fa64931 - https://github.com/jsecurity101/MSRPC-to-ATTACK/blob/ddd4608fe8684fcf2fcf9b48c5f0b3c28097f8a3/documents/MS-TSCH.md - https://github.com/zeronetworks/rpcfirewall - https://zeronetworks.com/blog/stopping-lateral-movement-via-the-rpc-firewall/ author: Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz date: 2022-01-01 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: product: rpc_firewall category: application definition: 'Requirements: install and apply the RPC Firewall to all processes with "audit:true action:block uuid:378e52b0-c0a9-11cf-822d-00aa0051e40f"' detection: selection: EventLog: RPCFW EventID: 3 InterfaceUuid: 378e52b0-c0a9-11cf-822d-00aa0051e40f filter: OpNum: - 0 - 1 condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious IIS module registration as described in Microsoft threat report on IIS backdoors. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious IIS Module Registration id: 043c4b8b-3a54-4780-9682-081cb6b8185c status: test description: Detects a suspicious IIS module registration as described in Microsoft threat report on IIS backdoors references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/26/malicious-iis-extensions-quietly-open-persistent-backdoors-into-servers/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Microsoft (idea) date: 2022-08-04 modified: 2023-01-23 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \w3wp.exe selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: appcmd.exe add module selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains: ' system.enterpriseservices.internal.publish' Image|endswith: \powershell.exe selection_cli_3: CommandLine|contains|all: - gacutil - ' /I' condition: selection_parent and 1 of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Administrative activity level: high
Query: exploit In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer overflow vulnerability exists when processing a QMI message.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9042. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer overflow vulnerability exists when processing a QMI message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6147. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6149.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7255
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7255. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. ZTE OX-330P, ZXHN H108N, W300V1.0.0S_ZRD_TR1_D68, HG110, GAN9.8T101A-B, MF28G, ZXHN H108N use non-unique X.509 certificates and SSH host keys, which might allow remote attackers to obtain credentials or other sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack, passive decryption attack, or impersonating a legitimate device.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1426. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Puppet Labs Facter 1.6.0 through 2.4.0 allows local users to obtains sensitive Amazon EC2 IAM instance metadata by reading a fact for an Amazon EC2 node.
Query: alert when Detects potential Amazon SSM agent hijack attempts as outlined in the Mitiga research report.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential Amazon SSM agent hijack attempts as outlined in the Mitiga research report.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Amazon SSM Agent Hijacking id: d20ee2f4-822c-4827-9e15-41500b1fff10 status: test description: Detects potential Amazon SSM agent hijack attempts as outlined in the Mitiga research report. references: - https://www.mitiga.io/blog/mitiga-security-advisory-abusing-the-ssm-agent-as-a-remote-access-trojan - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazons-aws-ssm-agent-can-be-used-as-post-exploitation-rat-malware/ - https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2023/08/02/aws-instances-attackers-access/ author: Muhammad Faisal date: 2023-08-02 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.persistence - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \amazon-ssm-agent.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - '-register ' - '-code ' - '-id ' - '-region ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate activity of system administrators level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Over Permissive Permissions Granted Using Dsacls.EXE id: 01c42d3c-242d-4655-85b2-34f1739632f7 status: test description: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions references: - https://ss64.com/nt/dsacls.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc771151(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \dsacls.exe - OriginalFileName: DSACLS.EXE selection_flag: CommandLine|contains: ' /G ' selection_permissions: CommandLine|contains: - GR - GE - GW - GA - WP - WD condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators granting over permissive permissions to users level: medium