alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: SIEM correlation: command and control activity consistent with Non-Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Near-miss passage: T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Query: common weakness: Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection
Matching passage: CWE-1233 Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection. The product uses a register lock bit protection mechanism, but it does not ensure that the lock bit prevents modification of system registers or controls that perform changes to important hardware system configuration.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1291 Public Key Re-Use for Signing both Debug and Production Code. The same public key is used for signing both debug and production code.
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of a specific OneLiner to download and execute powershell modules in memory.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a specific OneLiner to download and execute powershell modules in memory.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Obfuscated PowerShell OneLiner Execution id: 44e24481-6202-4c62-9127-5a0ae8e3fe3d status: test description: Detects the execution of a specific OneLiner to download and execute powershell modules in memory. references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/05/09/seo-poisoning-a-gootloader-story/ - https://gist.github.com/mgeeky/3b11169ab77a7de354f4111aa2f0df38 author: '@Kostastsale, TheDFIRReport' date: 2022-05-09 modified: 2025-04-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: \powershell.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - http://127.0.0.1 - '%{(IRM $_)}' - Invoke condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process inj. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon Child Process Of Conhost.EXE id: 7dc2dedd-7603-461a-bc13-15803d132355 related: - id: dfa03a09-8b92-4d83-8e74-f72839b1c407 type: similar status: test description: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process injection activity. references: - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/05/25/how-to-con-your-host/ author: omkar72 date: 2020-10-25 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \conhost.exe filter_main_conhost: Image|endswith: :\Windows\System32\conhost.exe filter_main_null: Image: null filter_main_empty: Image: '' filter_optional_provider: Provider_Name: SystemTraceProvider-Process condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in IniNet embeddedWebServer (aka eWebServer) before 2.02 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long field in an HTTP request.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1001. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in IniNet embeddedWebServer (aka eWebServer) before 2.02 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long field in an HTTP request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5815. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iTunes before 12.3, allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via vectors related to iTunes Store browsing, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft SharePoint Server 2007 SP3, SharePoint Foundation 2010 SP2, SharePoint Server 2010 SP2, and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allow remote authenticated users to execute arb
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1700. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.0. Microsoft SharePoint Server 2007 SP3, SharePoint Foundation 2010 SP2, SharePoint Server 2010 SP2, and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via crafted page content, aka "Microsoft SharePoint Page Content Vulnerabilities."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4286. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The web framework in Cisco UCS Central Software 1.3(0.99) allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted HTTP request, aka Bug ID CSCuu41377.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8086
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8086. CWE: CWE-326. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Huawei AR routers with software before V200R007C00SPC100; Quidway S9300 routers with software before V200R009C00; S12700 routers with software before V200R008C00SPC500; S9300, Quidway S5300, and S5300 routers with software before V200R007C00; and S5700 routers with software before V200R007C00SPC500 makes it easier for remote authenticated administrators to obtain encryption keys and ciphertext passwords via vectors related to key storage.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5361. CWE: CWE-326. CVSS: 6.5. Background For regular, unencrypted FTP traffic, the FTP ALG can inspect the unencrypted control channel and open related sessions for the FTP data channel. These related sessions (gates) are specific to source and destination IPs and ports of client and server. The design intent of the ftps-extensions option (which is disabled by default) is to provide similar functionality when the SRX secures the FTP/FTPS client. As the control channel is encrypted, the FTP ALG cannot inspect the port specific information and will open a wider TCP data channel (gate) from client IP to server IP on all destination TCP ports. In FTP/FTPS client environments to an enterprise network or the Internet, this is the desired behavior as it allows firewall policy to be written to FTP/FTPS servers on well-known control ports without using a policy with destination IP ANY and destination port ANY. Issue The ftps-extensions option is not intended or recommended where the SRX secures the FTPS server, as the wide data channel session (gate) will allow the FTPS client temporary access to all TCP ports on the FTPS server. The data session is associated to the control channel and will be closed when the control channel session closes. Depending on the configuration of the FTPS server, supporting load-balancer, and SRX inactivity-timeout values, the server/load-balancer and SRX may keep the control channel open for an extended period of time, allowing an FTPS client access for an equal duration.​ Note that the ftps-extensions option is not enabled by default.
Query: vulnerability: icewind1991 SMB before 1.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SMB commands via shell metacharacters in the user argument in the (1) listShares function in Ser
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7698. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 9.0. icewind1991 SMB before 1.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SMB commands via shell metacharacters in the user argument in the (1) listShares function in Server.php or the (2) connect or (3) read function in Share.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7426. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 10.0. The Data Protection extension in the VMware GUI in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Virtual Environments: Data Protection for VMware (aka Spectrum Protect for Virtual Environments) 7.1 before 7.1.3.0 and Tivoli Storage FlashCopy Manager for VMware (aka Spectrum Protect Snapshot) 4.1 before 4.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: ATT&CK technique for SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking
Matching passage: T1553.003 SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function, (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Because of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Similar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) * Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\SOFTWARE
Near-miss passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Query: describe CVE-2015-10026
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10026. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability was found in tiredtyrant flairbot. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file flair.py. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The patch is identified as 5e112b68c6faad1d4699d02c1ebbb7daf48ef8fb. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-217618 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0916. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in graph.php in Cacti before 0.8.6f allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the local_graph_id parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2007-6035.
Query: threat report mentioning Purchase Technical Data
Matching passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: Suspicious Pre-OS Boot execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1542 Pre-OS Boot. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting) Adversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.
Near-miss passage: T1542.004 ROMMONkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardware and software when the platform is powered on or reset. Similar to [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005), an adversary may upgrade the ROMMON image locally or remotely (for example, through TFTP) with adversary code and restart the device in order to overwrite the existing ROMMON image. This provides adversaries with the means to update the ROMMON to gain persistence on a system in a way that may be difficult to detect.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0458
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0458. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.599999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in in Oracle Java SE 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Deployment.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9067. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a potential compiler optimization of memset() is addressed.
Query: alert when Detects the deletion of the "Zone.Identifier" ADS by an uncommon process. Attackers can leverage this in order to bypass
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of the "Zone.Identifier" ADS by an uncommon process. Attackers can leverage this in order to bypass. Logsource: windows / file_delete. Rule: title: ADS Zone.Identifier Deleted By Uncommon Application id: 3109530e-ab47-4cc6-a953-cac5ebcc93ae related: - id: 7eac0a16-5832-4e81-865f-0268a6d19e4b type: similar status: test description: Detects the deletion of the "Zone.Identifier" ADS by an uncommon process. Attackers can leverage this in order to bypass security restrictions that make use of the ADS such as Microsoft Office apps. references: - https://securityliterate.com/how-malware-abuses-the-zone-identifier-to-circumvent-detection-and-analysis/ - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-09-04 modified: 2025-07-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.004 logsource: product: windows category: file_delete detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: :Zone.Identifier filter_main_generic: Image: - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe - C:\Windows\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe filter_optional_browsers_chrome: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe - C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe filter_optional_browsers_firefox: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe - C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe filter_optional_browsers_msedge: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe - C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Other third party applications not listed. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address based on high failure rates.. Logsource: azure / riskdetection. Rule: title: Malicious IP Address Sign-In Failure Rate id: a3f55ebd-0c01-4ed6-adc0-8fb76d8cd3cd status: test description: Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address based on high failure rates. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#malicious-ip-address - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' date: 2023-09-07 tags: - attack.t1090 - attack.command-and-control logsource: product: azure service: riskdetection detection: selection: riskEventType: maliciousIPAddress condition: selection falsepositives: - We recommend investigating the sessions flagged by this detection in the context of other sign-ins from the user. level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4211
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4211. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 3.1(60) on Windows does not properly validate pathnames, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted INF file, aka Bug ID CSCus65862.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9011. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm closed source components. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-36714882.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2725
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2725. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1, and Thunderbird before 38.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8330. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The PCo agent in SAP Plant Connectivity (PCo) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and agent crash) via crafted xMII requests, aka SAP Security Note 2238619.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4757
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4757. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.42 and earlier and 5.6.23 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Optimizer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2574. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 allows local users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Text Utilities.
Query: vulnerability: The ContainerNode::parserInsertBefore function in core/dom/ContainerNode.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71, proceeds with a DOM tree insertion in certain c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6755. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. The ContainerNode::parserInsertBefore function in core/dom/ContainerNode.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71, proceeds with a DOM tree insertion in certain cases where a parent node no longer contains a child node, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via crafted JavaScript code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2263. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Cloudera Manager 4.x, 5.0.x before 5.0.6, 5.1.x before 5.1.5, 5.2.x before 5.2.5, and 5.3.x before 5.3.3 uses global read permissions for files in its configuration directory when starting YARN NodeManager, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the files, as demonstrated by yarn.keytab or ssl-server.xml in /var/run/cloudera-scm-agent/process.
Query: risk of The django.views.static.serve view in Django before 1.4.18, 1.6.x before 1.6.10, and 1.7.x before 1.7.3 reads files an entire line at a time, which allows remote attackers to cause
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0221. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The django.views.static.serve view in Django before 1.4.18, 1.6.x before 1.6.10, and 1.7.x before 1.7.3 reads files an entire line at a time, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a long line in a file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3725. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. MobileInstallation in Apple iOS before 8.4 does not ensure the uniqueness of Watch bundle IDs, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (ID collision and Watch launch outage) via a crafted universal provisioning profile app.