alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: describe CVE-2015-2963
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2963. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The thoughtbot paperclip gem before 4.2.2 for Ruby does not consider the content-type value during media-type validation, which allows remote attackers to upload HTML documents and conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a spoofed value, as demonstrated by image/jpeg.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6400. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Cisco Emergency Responder 10.5(1a) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified fields, aka Bug ID CSCuv25547.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling DNS/Passive DNS
Matching passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596 Search Open Technical Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Reference Data Management component in the server in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management (MDM) 10.1 before IF1, 11.0 before FP3, a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1910. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Reference Data Management component in the server in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management (MDM) 10.1 before IF1, 11.0 before FP3, and 11.3 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1179. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in data_point_details.shtm in Mango Automation 2.4.0 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) dpid, (2) dpxid, or (3) pid parameter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9456
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9456. CWE: CWE-732. CVSS: 6.5. The orbisius-child-theme-creator plugin before 1.2.8 for WordPress has incorrect access control for file modification via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=orbisius_ctc_theme_editor_ajax&sub_cmd=save_file theme_1, theme_1_file, or theme_1_file_contents parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4455. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in includes/upload.php in the Aviary Image Editor Add-on For Gravity Forms plugin 3.0 beta for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in wp-content/uploads/gform_aviary.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2914
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2914. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Securifi Almond devices with firmware before AL1-R201EXP10-L304-W34 and Almond-2015 devices with firmware before AL2-R088M use a fixed source-port number in outbound DNS queries performed on behalf of any device, which makes it easier for remote attackers to spoof responses by using this number for the destination port, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7296.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4838. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle JDeveloper component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.2.4.0, 12.1.2.0.0, and 12.1.3.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to ADF Faces.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of the builtin "del"/"erase" commands in order to delete files. Adversaries may delete files left behi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the builtin "del"/"erase" commands in order to delete files. Adversaries may delete files left behi. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Deletion Via Del id: 379fa130-190e-4c3f-b7bc-6c8e834485f3 status: test description: 'Detects execution of the builtin "del"/"erase" commands in order to delete files. Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary''s footprint. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1070.004/T1070.004.md - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/erase author: frack113 date: 2022-01-15 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe selection_del: CommandLine|contains: - 'del ' - 'erase ' selection_flags: CommandLine|contains|windash: - ' -f' - ' -s' - ' -q' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - False positives levels will differ Depending on the environment. You can use a combination of ParentImage and other keywords from the CommandLine field to filter legitimate activity level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Advanced IP Scanner. Seems to be a popular tool for ransomware groups.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Advanced IP Scanner - File Event id: fed85bf9-e075-4280-9159-fbe8a023d6fa related: - id: bef37fa2-f205-4a7b-b484-0759bfd5f86f type: derived status: test description: Detects the use of Advanced IP Scanner. Seems to be a popular tool for ransomware groups. references: - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/12/09/snatch-ransomware-reboots-pcs-into-safe-mode-to-bypass-protection/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html - https://labs.f-secure.com/blog/prelude-to-ransomware-systembc - https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20444693/fbi-pin-egregor-ransomware-bc-01062021.pdf - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/01/18/all-that-for-a-coinminer author: '@ROxPinTeddy' date: 2020-05-12 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1046 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\Advanced IP Scanner 2 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative use level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_advanced_ip_scanner/info.yml
Query: detect Detects scenario where if a user is assigned the SeEnableDelegationPrivilege right in Active Directory it would allow co in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects scenario where if a user is assigned the SeEnableDelegationPrivilege right in Active Directory it would allow co. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Enabled User Right in AD to Control User Objects id: 311b6ce2-7890-4383-a8c2-663a9f6b43cd status: test description: Detects scenario where if a user is assigned the SeEnableDelegationPrivilege right in Active Directory it would allow control of other AD user objects. references: - https://blog.harmj0y.net/activedirectory/the-most-dangerous-user-right-you-probably-have-never-heard-of/ author: '@neu5ron' date: 2017-07-30 modified: 2021-12-02 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: 'Requirements: Audit Policy : Policy Change > Audit Authorization Policy Change, Group Policy : Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Advanced Audit Policy Configuration\Audit Policies\Policy Change\Audit Authorization Policy Change' detection: selection_base: EventID: 4704 selection_keywords: PrivilegeList|contains: SeEnableDelegationPrivilege condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of CoercedPotato, a tool for privilege escalation. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - CoercedPotato Execution id: e8d34729-86a4-4140-adfd-0a29c2106307 status: test description: Detects the use of CoercedPotato, a tool for privilege escalation references: - https://github.com/hackvens/CoercedPotato - https://blog.hackvens.fr/articles/CoercedPotato.html author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-10-11 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_loader_img: Image|endswith: \CoercedPotato.exe selection_params: CommandLine|contains: ' --exploitId ' selection_loader_imphash: Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=A75D7669DB6B2E107A44C4057FF7F7D6 - IMPHASH=F91624350E2C678C5DCBE5E1F24E22C9 - IMPHASH=14C81850A079A87E83D50CA41C709A15 condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2657
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2657. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3.0 through 6.3.7 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Business Process Automation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1649. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word Viewer, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2, and Office Web Apps Server 2010 SP2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Component Use After Free Vulnerability."
Query: actor TTPs: /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow
Matching passage: T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information, including password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. By default, <code>/etc/shadow</code> is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Linux stores user information such as user ID, group ID, home directory path, and login shell in <code>/etc/passwd</code>. A "user" on the system may belong to a person or a service. All password hashes are stored in <code>/etc/shadow</code> - including entries for users with no passwords and users with locked or disabled accounts.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Adversaries may attempt to read or dump the <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> files on Linux systems via command line utilities such as the <code>cat</code> command.(Citation: Arctic Wolf) Additionally, the Linux utility <code>unshadow</code> can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper - for example, via the command <code>/usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db</code>(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper). Since the user information stored in <code>/etc/passwd</code> are linked to the password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>, an adversary would need to have access to both.
Near-miss passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Query: exploit The idle stream handling in nghttp2 before 1.6.0 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors, aka a heap-use-after-free bug.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8659. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. The idle stream handling in nghttp2 before 1.6.0 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors, aka a heap-use-after-free bug.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7939. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.600000381469727. Heap-based buffer overflow in Unitronics VisiLogic OPLC IDE before 9.8.09 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long vlp filename.
Query: hunt for Windows Credential Manager activity
Matching passage: T1555.004 Windows Credential Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker) The Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker. Credential Lockers store credentials in encrypted `.vcrd` files, located under `%Systemdrive%\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\\[Vault/Credentials]\`. The encryption key can be found in a file named <code>Policy.vpol</code>, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault) Adversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may also gather credentials by directly reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Windows APIs, such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code>, may also be absued to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager) Adversaries may also obtain credentials from credential backups. Credential backups and restorations may be performed by running <code>rundll32.exe keymgr.dll KRShowKeyMgr</code> then selecting the “Back up...” button on the “Stored User Names and Pas
Near-miss passage: T1555 Credentials from Password Stores. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications and services that store passwords to make them easier for users to manage and maintain, such as password managers and cloud secrets vaults. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.
Query: telemetry for T1021.001
Matching passage: T1021.001 Remote Desktop Protocol. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)
Near-miss passage: T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009), such as Azure Serial Console(Citation: Azure Serial Console), AWS EC2 Instance Connect(Citation: EC2 Instance Connect)(Citation: lucr-3: Getting SaaS-y in the cloud), and AWS System Manager.(Citation: AWS System Manager). Methods of authentication for these connections can include passwords, application access tokens, or SSH keys. These cloud native methods may, by default, allow for privileged access on the host with SYSTEM or root level access. Adversaries may utilize these cloud native methods to directly access virtual infrastructure and pivot through an environment.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) These connections typically provide direct console access to the VM rather than the execution of scripts (i.e., [Cloud Administration Command](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651)).
Query: execution using Network Device CLI
Matching passage: T1059.008 Network Device CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands. Scripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)
Near-miss passage: T1059.001 PowerShell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the <code>Start-Process</code> cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the <code>Invoke-Command</code> cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems). PowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk. A number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack) PowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the <code>powershell.exe</code> binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying <code>System.Management.Automation</code> assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Life Sciences component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1 and 8.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0398. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Life Sciences component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1 and 8.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Clinical Trip Report.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2635. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Data Integrator component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Data Quality based on Trillium, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0443, CVE-2015-0444, CVE-2015-0445, CVE-2015-0446, CVE-2015-2634, CVE-2015-2636, CVE-2015-4758, and CVE-2015-4759.