alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: EDR alert: possible Event Triggered Execution (T1546)
Matching passage: T1546 Event Triggered Execution. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. Cloud environments may also support various functions and services that monitor and can be invoked in response to specific cloud events.(Citation: Backdooring an AWS account)(Citation: Varonis Power Automate Data Exfiltration)(Citation: Microsoft DART Case Report 001) Adversaries may abuse these mechanisms as a means of maintaining persistent access to a victim via repeatedly executing malicious code. After gaining access to a victim system, adversaries may create/modify event triggers to point to malicious content that will be executed whenever the event trigger is invoked.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)(Citation: amnesia malware) Since the execution can be proxied by an account with higher permissions, such as SYSTEM or service accounts, an adversary may be able to abuse these triggered execution mechanisms to escalate their privileges.
Near-miss passage: T1546.014 Emond. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place. The rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.
Query: secure coding against Incomplete Denylist to Cross-Site Scripting
Matching passage: CWE-692 Incomplete Denylist to Cross-Site Scripting. The product uses a denylist-based protection mechanism to defend against XSS attacks, but the denylist is incomplete, allowing XSS variants to succeed.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1385 Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets. The product uses a WebSocket, but it does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
Query: detection rule: This detection uses azureactivity logs (Administrative category) to identify the creation or update of a server instance
Matching passage: Sigma rule: This detection uses azureactivity logs (Administrative category) to identify the creation or update of a server instance. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Active Directory Hybrid Health AD FS New Server id: 288a39fc-4914-4831-9ada-270e9dc12cb4 status: test description: 'This detection uses azureactivity logs (Administrative category) to identify the creation or update of a server instance in an Azure AD Hybrid health AD FS service. A threat actor can create a new AD Health ADFS service and create a fake server instance to spoof AD FS signing logs. There is no need to compromise an on-prem AD FS server. This can be done programmatically via HTTP requests to Azure. ' references: - https://o365blog.com/post/hybridhealthagent/ author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research), MSTIC date: 2021-08-26 modified: 2023-10-11 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1578 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: CategoryValue: Administrative ResourceProviderValue: Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService ResourceId|contains: AdFederationService OperationNameValue: Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService/services/servicemembers/action condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate AD FS servers added to an AAD Health AD FS service instance level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects loading of diagcab packages from a remote path, as seen in DogWalk vulnerability. Logsource: windows / diagnosis-scripted. Rule: title: Loading Diagcab Package From Remote Path id: 50cb47b8-2c33-4b23-a2e9-4600657d9746 status: test description: Detects loading of diagcab packages from a remote path, as seen in DogWalk vulnerability references: - https://twitter.com/nas_bench/status/1539679555908141061 - https://twitter.com/j00sean/status/1537750439701225472 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-14 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: windows service: diagnosis-scripted detection: selection: EventID: 101 PackagePath|contains: \\\\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate package hosted on a known and authorized remote location level: high
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7903. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6522. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the WP Symposium plugin before 15.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the size parameter to get_album_item.php.
Query: explain CWE-554
Matching passage: CWE-554 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework. The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.
Near-miss passage: CWE-222 Truncation of Security-relevant Information. The product truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of "Ilasm.EXE" in order to compile C# intermediate (IL) code to EXE or DLL.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: C# IL Code Compilation Via Ilasm.EXE id: 850d55f9-6eeb-4492-ad69-a72338f65ba4 status: test description: Detects the use of "Ilasm.EXE" in order to compile C# intermediate (IL) code to EXE or DLL. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Ilasm/ - https://www.echotrail.io/insights/search/ilasm.exe author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-05-07 modified: 2022-05-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1127 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \ilasm.exe - OriginalFileName: ilasm.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' /dll' - ' /exe' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) loads the DLL libraries like vbscript, jscript etc which might indic. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: MMC Loading Script Engines DLLs id: a9c73e8b-3b2d-4c45-8ef2-5f9a9c9998ad status: experimental description: 'Detects when the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) loads the DLL libraries like vbscript, jscript etc which might indicate an attempt to execute malicious scripts within a trusted system process for bypassing application whitelisting or defense evasion. ' references: - https://tria.ge/241015-l98snsyeje/behavioral2 - https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/grimresource author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-02-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.005 - attack.t1218.014 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \mmc.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: - \vbscript.dll - \jscript.dll - \jscript9.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate MMC operations or extensions loading these libraries level: medium
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in HP Smart Profile Server Data Analytics Layer (SPS DAL) 2.3 before 2.3.5 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5444. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in HP Smart Profile Server Data Analytics Layer (SPS DAL) 2.3 before 2.3.5 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9468. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The broken-link-manager plugin 0.4.5 for WordPress has XSS via the page parameter in a delURL action.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7248
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7248. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. ZTE ZXHN H108N R1A devices before ZTE.bhs.ZXHNH108NR1A.k_PE allow remote attackers to discover usernames and password hashes by reading the cgi-bin/webproc HTML source code, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8703.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3193. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The Montgomery squaring implementation in crypto/bn/asm/x86_64-mont5.pl in OpenSSL 1.0.2 before 1.0.2e on the x86_64 platform, as used by the BN_mod_exp function, mishandles carry propagation and produces incorrect output, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive private-key information via an attack against use of a (1) Diffie-Hellman (DH) or (2) Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE) ciphersuite.
Query: detect Detects execution of "Tpmvscmgr.exe" to create a new virtual smart card. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "Tpmvscmgr.exe" to create a new virtual smart card.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New Virtual Smart Card Created Via TpmVscMgr.EXE id: c633622e-cab9-4eaa-bb13-66a1d68b3e47 status: test description: Detects execution of "Tpmvscmgr.exe" to create a new virtual smart card. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/virtual-smart-cards/virtual-smart-card-tpmvscmgr author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-15 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: \tpmvscmgr.exe OriginalFileName: TpmVscMgr.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: create condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage by an administrator level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects SILENTTRINITY stager dll loading activity. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: HackTool - SILENTTRINITY Stager DLL Load id: 75c505b1-711d-4f68-a357-8c3fe37dbf2d related: - id: 03552375-cc2c-4883-bbe4-7958d5a980be type: derived status: test description: Detects SILENTTRINITY stager dll loading activity references: - https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY author: Aleksey Potapov, oscd.community date: 2019-10-22 modified: 2023-02-17 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Description|contains: st2stager condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: indicators of Exfiltration Over Web Service
Matching passage: T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services. Web service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Near-miss passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Establish Accounts
Matching passage: T1585 Establish Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, GitHub, Docker Hub, etc.). Establishing a persona may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) Establishing accounts can also include the creation of accounts with email providers, which may be directly leveraged for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) In addition, establishing accounts may allow adversaries to abuse free services, such as registering for trial periods to [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) for malicious purposes.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin)
Near-miss passage: T1585.003 Cloud Accounts. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create accounts with cloud providers that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, MEGA, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002) or to [Upload Tool](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002)s. Cloud accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure, such as [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003)s or [Serverless](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/007) infrastructure. Establishing cloud accounts may allow adversaries to develop sophisticated capabilities without managing their own servers.(Citation: Awake Security C2 Cloud) Creating [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/003) may also require adversaries to establish [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002) to register with the cloud provider.
Query: detection rule: Detects SSH user login access failures. Please note that this rule can be noisy and is recommended to use with correlati
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects SSH user login access failures. Please note that this rule can be noisy and is recommended to use with correlati. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket User Login Failure Via SSH id: d3f90469-fb05-42ce-b67d-0fded91bbef3 status: test description: 'Detects SSH user login access failures. Please note that this rule can be noisy and is recommended to use with correlation based on "author.name" field. ' references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/view-and-configure-the-audit-log-776640417.html - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/enable-ssh-access-to-git-repositories-776640358.html author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.credential-access - attack.t1021.004 - attack.t1110 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Advance" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Authentication auditType.action: User login failed(SSH) condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate user wrong password attempts. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using registry key manipulation of sdclt.exe (e.g. UACMe 53). Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: UAC Bypass via Sdclt id: 5b872a46-3b90-45c1-8419-f675db8053aa status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using registry key manipulation of sdclt.exe (e.g. UACMe 53) references: - https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/ - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Omer Yampel, Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-17 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 - car.2019-04-001 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection1: TargetObject|endswith: Software\Classes\exefile\shell\runas\command\isolatedCommand selection2: TargetObject|endswith: Software\Classes\Folder\shell\open\command\SymbolicLinkValue Details|re: -1[0-9]{3}\\Software\\Classes\\ condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of Integer overflow in Google Picasa before 3.9.140 Build 259 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the CAMF section in a FOVb image, which triggers a heap-based buffe
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8221. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Integer overflow in Google Picasa before 3.9.140 Build 259 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the CAMF section in a FOVb image, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4049. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unisys Libra 43xx, 63xx, and 83xx, and FS600 class systems with MCP-FIRMWARE 40.0 before 40.0IC4 Build 270 might allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (data corruption or system crash) via vectors related to using program operators during EPSILON (level 5) based codefiles at peak memory usage, which triggers CPM stack corruption.
Query: collection using Remote Data Staging
Matching passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Query: command and control using Remote Access Tools
Matching passage: T1219 Remote Access Tools. Tactics: command and control. Description: An adversary may use legitimate remote access tools to establish an interactive command and control channel within a network. Remote access tools create a session between two trusted hosts through a graphical interface, a command line interaction, a protocol tunnel via development or management software, or hardware-level access such as KVM (Keyboard, Video, Mouse) over IP solutions. Desktop support software (usually graphical interface) and remote management software (typically command line interface) allow a user to control a computer remotely as if they are a local user inheriting the user or software permissions. This software is commonly used for troubleshooting, software installation, and system management.(Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)(Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report)(Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy) Adversaries may similarly abuse response features included in EDR and other defensive tools that enable remote access. Remote access tools may be installed and used post-compromise as an alternate communications channel for redundant access or to establish an interactive remote desktop session with the target system. It may also be used as a malware component to establish a reverse connection or back-connect to a service or adversary-controlled system. Installation of many remote access tools may also include persistence (e.g., the software's installation routine creates a [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003)). Remote access modules/features may also exist as part of otherwise existing software (e.g., Google Chrome’s Remote Desktop).(Citation: Google Chrome Remote Desktop)(Citation: Chrome Remote Desktop)
Near-miss passage: T1219.003 Remote Access Hardware. Tactics: command and control. Description: An adversary may use legitimate remote access hardware to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services, including IP-based keyboard, video, or mouse (KVM) devices such as TinyPilot and PiKVM, are commonly used as legitimate tools and may be allowed by peripheral device policies within a target environment. Remote access hardware may be physically installed and used post-compromise as an alternate communications channel for redundant access or as a way to establish an interactive remote session with the target system. Using hardware-based remote access tools may allow threat actors to bypass software security solutions and gain more control over the compromised device(s).(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 North Korean IT Workers 2024)(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence DPRK IT Workers 2024)