alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: campaign using Malware
Matching passage: T1588.001 Malware. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors. In addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).
Near-miss passage: T1588.006 Vulnerabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database) An adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).
Query: describe CVE-2015-7929
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7929. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. eWON devices with firmware through 10.1s0 support unspecified GET requests, which might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading (1) web-server access logs, (2) web-server Referer logs, or (3) the browser history.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6628. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Media Framework in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information, and consequently bypass an unspecified protection mechanism, via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24074485.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle GlassFish Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 3.0.1 and 3.1.2, and the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2623. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle GlassFish Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 3.0.1 and 3.1.2, and the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.3.6.0, 12.1.1.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0, allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Java Server Faces.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4428. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3127, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3245
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3245. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in the chfn function in libuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used in the userhelper program in the usermode package, allows local users to cause a denial of service (/etc/passwd corruption) via a newline character in the GECOS field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1105. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The TCP implementation in the kernel in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 does not properly implement the Urgent (aka out-of-band data) mechanism, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted packets.
Query: secure coding against Comparison of Classes by Name
Matching passage: CWE-486 Comparison of Classes by Name. The product compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1329 Reliance on Component That is Not Updateable. The product contains a component that cannot be updated or patched in order to remove vulnerabilities or significant bugs.
Query: hunt for Input Injection activity
Matching passage: T1674 Input Injection. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed, or interacting directly with a GUI-based application. These actions can be preprogrammed into adversary tooling or executed through physical devices such as Human Interface Devices (HIDs). For example, adversaries have used tooling that monitors the Windows message loop to detect when a user visits bank-specific URLs. If detected, the tool then simulates keystrokes to open the developer console or select the address bar, pastes malicious JavaScript from the clipboard, and executes it - enabling manipulation of content within the browser, such as replacing bank account numbers during transactions.(Citation: BleepingComputer BackSwap)(Citation: welivesecurity BackSwap) Adversaries have also used malicious USB devices to emulate keystrokes that launch PowerShell, leading to the download and execution of malware from adversary-controlled servers.(Citation: BleepingComputer USB)
Near-miss passage: T1204.002 Malicious File. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001). Adversaries may use several types of files that require a user to execute them, including .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf, .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, .cpl, .reg, and .iso.(Citation: Mandiant Trojanized Windows 10) Adversaries may employ various forms of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) and [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to increase the likelihood that a user will open and successfully execute a malicious file. These methods may include using a familiar naming convention and/or password protecting the file and supplying instructions to a user on how to open it.(Citation: Password Protected Word Docs) While [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).
Query: describe CVE-2015-9277
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9277. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. MailEnable before 8.60 allows Directory Traversal for reading the messages of other users, uploading files, and deleting files because "/../" and "/.. /" are mishandled.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2243. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in Webshop hun 1.062S allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via directory traversal sequences in the mappa parameter to index.php.
Query: detection rule: Detects usage of the "ConvertTo-SecureString" cmdlet via the commandline. Which is fairly uncommon and could indicate po
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "ConvertTo-SecureString" cmdlet via the commandline. Which is fairly uncommon and could indicate po. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: ConvertTo-SecureString Cmdlet Usage Via CommandLine id: 74403157-20f5-415d-89a7-c505779585cf status: test description: Detects usage of the "ConvertTo-SecureString" cmdlet via the commandline. Which is fairly uncommon and could indicate potential suspicious activity references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=65 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/convertto-securestring?view=powershell-7.3#examples author: Teymur Kheirkhabarov (idea), Vasiliy Burov (rule), oscd.community, Tim Shelton date: 2020-10-11 modified: 2023-02-01 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: ConvertTo-SecureString condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use to pass password to different powershell commands level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects passwords dumps from Keychain. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Credentials from Password Stores - Keychain id: b120b587-a4c2-4b94-875d-99c9807d6955 status: test description: Detects passwords dumps from Keychain references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1555.001/T1555.001.md - https://gist.github.com/Capybara/6228955 author: Tim Ismilyaev, oscd.community, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1555.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: selection1: Image: /usr/bin/security CommandLine|contains: - find-certificate - ' export ' selection2: CommandLine|contains: - ' dump-keychain ' - ' login-keychain ' condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-6983
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6983. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Double free vulnerability in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows attackers to write to arbitrary files via a crafted app that accesses AtomicBufferedFile descriptors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0814. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 37.0 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: how to detect SID-History Injection
Matching passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Near-miss passage: T1134.003 Make and Impersonate Token. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may make new tokens and impersonate users to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, if an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the `LogonUser` function.(Citation: LogonUserW function) The function will return a copy of the new session's access token and the adversary can use `SetThreadToken` to assign the token to a thread. This behavior is distinct from [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) in that this refers to creating a new user token instead of stealing or duplicating an existing one.
Query: common weakness: Assigning instead of Comparing
Matching passage: CWE-481 Assigning instead of Comparing. The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1390 Weak Authentication. The product uses an authentication mechanism to restrict access to specific users or identities, but the mechanism does not sufficiently prove that the claimed identity is correct.
Query: exploit TPView.dll in VMware Workstation 10.x before 10.0.6 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 6.x before 6.0.6 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 3.2.x before 3.2.1, 3.3.x
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2336. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. TPView.dll in VMware Workstation 10.x before 10.0.6 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 6.x before 6.0.6 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 3.2.x before 3.2.1, 3.3.x, and 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not properly allocate memory, which allows guest OS users to execute arbitrary code on the host OS via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-0897.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8003. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. MediaWiki before 1.23.11, 1.24.x before 1.24.4, and 1.25.x before 1.25.3 does not throttle file uploads, which allows remote authenticated users to have unspecified impact via multiple file uploads.
Query: hunt for Data Manipulation activity
Matching passage: T1565 Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Stored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition
Matching passage: T1546.006 LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes. Adversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time.(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)
Near-miss passage: T1546.014 Emond. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place. The rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1816
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1816. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. Forman before 1.7.4 does not verify SSL certificates for LDAP connections, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof LDAP servers via a crafted certificate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1145. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. The Code Signing implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 does not properly validate signatures, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted bundle, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1146.
Query: CWE for Incorrect Register Defaults or Module Parameters
Matching passage: CWE-1221 Incorrect Register Defaults or Module Parameters. Hardware description language code incorrectly defines register defaults or hardware Intellectual Property (IP) parameters to insecure values.
Near-miss passage: CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity. The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
Query: detect Web Protocols
Matching passage: T1071.001 Web Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.003 Mail Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Query: exploit Cybozu Office 9.9.0 through 10.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary report titles via unspecified vectors, a different vu
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8486. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cybozu Office 9.9.0 through 10.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary report titles via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8484, CVE-2015-8485, and CVE-2016-1152.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8577. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. The Buffer Overflow Protection (BOP) feature in McAfee VirusScan Enterprise before 8.8 Patch 6 allocates memory with Read, Write, Execute (RWX) permissions at predictable addresses on 32-bit platforms when protecting another application, which allows attackers to bypass the DEP and ASLR protection mechanisms via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7653
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7653. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted globalToLocal arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7654, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7658, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, CVE-2015-8044, and CVE-2015-8046.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0375. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Network.