alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection engineering for Office Template Macros
Matching passage: T1137.001 Office Template Macros. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template) Office Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) Word Normal.dotm location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm</code> Excel Personal.xlsb location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\PERSONAL.XLSB</code> Adversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under <code>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\</code>, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) An adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending
Near-miss passage: T1137.004 Outlook Home Page. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page) Once malicious home pages have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)
Query: intelligence brief on T1568.003
Matching passage: T1568.003 DNS Calculation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) One implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)
Near-miss passage: T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019) DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Revoked Kernel Driver Loaded id: 320fccbf-5e32-4101-82b8-2679c5f007c6 status: test description: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: - 3021 - 3022 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: This events that are generated when using the hacktool Ruler by Sensepost. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Hacktool Ruler id: 24549159-ac1b-479c-8175-d42aea947cae status: test description: This events that are generated when using the hacktool Ruler by Sensepost references: - https://github.com/sensepost/ruler - https://github.com/sensepost/ruler/issues/47 - https://github.com/staaldraad/go-ntlm/blob/cd032d41aa8ce5751c07cb7945400c0f5c81e2eb/ntlm/ntlmv1.go#L427 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4776 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4624 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-05-31 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.collection - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1087 - attack.t1114 - attack.t1059 - attack.t1550.002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection1: EventID: 4776 Workstation: RULER selection2: EventID: - 4624 - 4625 WorkstationName: RULER condition: (1 of selection*) falsepositives: - Go utilities that use staaldraad awesome NTLM library level: high
Query: SOC runbook when seeing EDR alert: possible Silver Ticket (T1558.002)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1558.002 Silver Ticket. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1558.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets) Silver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular res
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1558 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5563. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2652. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Marketing component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Web Management.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5524
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5524. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with KK(4.4) and later software through 2015-05-13. There is a buffer overflow in datablock_write because the amount of received data is not validated. The Samsung ID is SVE-2015-4018 (December 2015).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3717. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Query: weakness Comparison of Incompatible Types
Matching passage: CWE-1024 Comparison of Incompatible Types. The product performs a comparison between two entities, but the entities are of different, incompatible types that cannot be guaranteed to provide correct results when they are directly compared.
Near-miss passage: CWE-391 Unchecked Error Condition. [PLANNED FOR DEPRECATION. SEE MAINTENANCE NOTES AND CONSIDER CWE-252, CWE-248, OR CWE-1069.] Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of the builtin "copy" command that targets a shadow copy (sometimes used to copy registry hives th
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the builtin "copy" command that targets a shadow copy (sometimes used to copy registry hives th. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Copy From VolumeShadowCopy Via Cmd.EXE id: c73124a7-3e89-44a3-bdc1-25fe4df754b1 status: test description: Detects the execution of the builtin "copy" command that targets a shadow copy (sometimes used to copy registry hives that are in use) references: - https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1423336151860002816?s=20 - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/03e9b8c2e86d6db450e5eceec057d7e369ee2389b9daecaf06331a95410aa5f8/detection - https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/ author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems), Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-09 modified: 2023-03-07 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'copy ' - \\\\\?\\GLOBALROOT\\Device\\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy condition: selection falsepositives: - Backup scenarios using the commandline level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects disabling security tools. Logsource: linux / syslog. Rule: title: Disabling Security Tools - Builtin id: 49f5dfc1-f92e-4d34-96fa-feba3f6acf36 related: - id: e3a8a052-111f-4606-9aee-f28ebeb76776 type: derived status: test description: Detects disabling security tools references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.004/T1562.004.md author: Ömer Günal, Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community date: 2020-06-17 modified: 2022-11-26 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686 logsource: product: linux service: syslog detection: keywords: - stopping iptables - stopping ip6tables - stopping firewalld - stopping cbdaemon - stopping falcon-sensor condition: keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-2601
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2601. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, JRockit R28.3.6, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JCE.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6036. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. QNAP Signage Station before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, and consequently upload files, via a spoofed HTTP request.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on Chiyu BF-630, BF-630W, and BF-660C fingerprint access-control devices allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2870. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on Chiyu BF-630, BF-630W, and BF-660C fingerprint access-control devices allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a SCRIPT element.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8935. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The sapi_header_op function in main/SAPI.c in PHP before 5.4.38, 5.5.x before 5.5.22, and 5.6.x before 5.6.6 supports deprecated line folding without considering browser compatibility, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks against Internet Explorer by leveraging (1) %0A%20 or (2) %0D%0A%20 mishandling in the header function.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3750
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3750. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, as used in iOS before 8.4.1 and other products, does not enforce the HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) protection mechanism for Content Security Policy (CSP) report requests, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network or spoof a report by modifying the client-server data stream.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6582. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The decompose function in platform/transforms/TransformationMatrix.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85, does not verify that a matrix inversion succeeded, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (uninitialized memory access and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted web site.
Query: what is T1578.001
Matching passage: T1578.001 Create Snapshot. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1578.005 Modify Cloud Compute Configurations. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available compute. Such modifications may allow adversaries to abuse the victim’s compute resources to achieve their goals, potentially without affecting the execution of running instances and/or revealing their activities to the victim. For example, cloud providers often limit customer usage of compute resources via quotas. Customers may request adjustments to these quotas to support increased computing needs, though these adjustments may require approval from the cloud provider. Adversaries who compromise a cloud environment may similarly request quota adjustments in order to support their activities, such as enabling additional [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496) without raising suspicion by using up a victim’s entire quota.(Citation: Microsoft Cryptojacking 2023) Adversaries may also increase allowed resource usage by modifying any tenant-wide policies that limit the sizes of deployed virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Policy) Adversaries may also modify settings that affect where cloud resources can be deployed, such as enabling [Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535).
Query: stealth using Redundant Access
Matching passage: T1108 Redundant Access. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003), and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.** Adversaries may use more than one remote access tool with varying command and control protocols or credentialed access to remote services so they can maintain access if an access mechanism is detected or mitigated. If one type of tool is detected and blocked or removed as a response but the organization did not gain a full understanding of the adversary's tools and access, then the adversary will be able to retain access to the network. Adversaries may also attempt to gain access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) such as external VPNs as a way to maintain access despite interruptions to remote access tools deployed within a target network.(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also retain access through cloud-based infrastructure and applications. Use of a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100) is one such way to maintain access to a network through an externally accessible Web server.
Near-miss passage: T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4876
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4876. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Pivot Grid.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5895. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in SQLite before 3.8.10.2, as used in Apple iOS before 9, have unknown impact and attack vectors.
Query: secure coding against Insufficient Encapsulation of Machine-Dependent Functionality
Matching passage: CWE-1105 Insufficient Encapsulation of Machine-Dependent Functionality. The product or code uses machine-dependent functionality, but it does not sufficiently encapsulate or isolate this functionality from the rest of the code.
Near-miss passage: CWE-641 Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources. The product constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4586
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4586. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Alcatel-Lucent CellPipe 7130 RG 5Ae.M2013 HOL with firmware 1.0.0.20h.HOL allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create a user account via an add_user action in a request to password.cmd.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0970. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SearchBlox before 8.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1579
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1579. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in the Elegant Themes Divi theme for WordPress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the img parameter in a revslider_show_image action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. NOTE: this vulnerability may be a duplicate of CVE-2014-9734.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9277. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. MailEnable before 8.60 allows Directory Traversal for reading the messages of other users, uploading files, and deleting files because "/../" and "/.. /" are mishandled.
Query: exploit checkpw 1.02 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a -- (dash dash) in a username.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0885. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. checkpw 1.02 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a -- (dash dash) in a username.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0043. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."