alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of mini_httpd 1.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via an HTTP request with a long protocol string, which triggers an incorrect
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1548. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. mini_httpd 1.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via an HTTP request with a long protocol string, which triggers an incorrect response size calculation and an out-of-bounds read.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9037. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer over-read may occur in the processing of a downlink 3G NAS message.
Query: vulnerability: CoreText in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and iTunes before 12.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6975. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. CoreText in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and iTunes before 12.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6992 and CVE-2015-7017.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5575. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5577, CVE-2015-5578, CVE-2015-5580, CVE-2015-5582, CVE-2015-5588, and CVE-2015-6677.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9097
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9097. CWE: CWE-93. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The mail gem before 2.5.5 for Ruby (aka A Really Ruby Mail Library) is vulnerable to SMTP command injection via CRLF sequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command, as demonstrated by CRLF sequences immediately before and after a DATA substring.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9096. CWE: CWE-93. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Net::SMTP in Ruby before 2.4.0 is vulnerable to SMTP command injection via CRLF sequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command, as demonstrated by CRLF sequences immediately before and after a DATA substring.
Query: detect Detects PowerShell scripts that have capabilities to read files, loop through them and resolve DNS host entries. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell scripts that have capabilities to read files, loop through them and resolve DNS host entries.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell Script With File Hostname Resolving Capabilities id: fbc5e92f-3044-4e73-a5c6-1c4359b539de status: test description: Detects PowerShell scripts that have capabilities to read files, loop through them and resolve DNS host entries. references: - https://www.fortypoundhead.com/showcontent.asp?artid=24022 - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/fin7-target-veeam-servers author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-05 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1020 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: bade5735-5ab0-4aa7-a642-a11be0e40872 detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - 'Get-content ' - foreach - '[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry' - Out-File condition: selection falsepositives: - The same functionality can be implemented by admin scripts, correlate with name and creator level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with either the "decode" or "decodehex" flags to decode base64 or hex encoded files. T. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Decoded From Base64/Hex Via Certutil.EXE id: cc9cbe82-7bc0-4ef5-bc23-bbfb83947be7 status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with either the "decode" or "decodehex" flags to decode base64 or hex encoded files. This can be abused by attackers to decode an encoded payload before execution references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/04/13/compromised-exchange-server-hosting-cryptojacker-targeting-other-exchange-servers/ - https://twitter.com/JohnLaTwC/status/835149808817991680 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/pki/basic-crl-checking-with-certutil - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Certutil/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community date: 2023-02-15 modified: 2025-06-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: - '-decode ' - '-decodehex ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_decode/info.yml
Query: Sigma rule for Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Lolbin Unregmp2.exe Use As Proxy id: 727454c0-d851-48b0-8b89-385611ab0704 status: test description: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe" references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Unregmp2/ author: frack113 date: 2022-12-29 modified: 2024-06-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \unregmp2.exe - OriginalFileName: unregmp2.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' /HideWMP' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a user has deleted a unusual a large volume of files.. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Microsoft 365 - Unusual Volume of File Deletion id: 78a34b67-3c39-4886-8fb4-61c46dc18ecd status: test description: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported a user has deleted a unusual a large volume of files. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: austinsonger date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Unusual volume of file deletion status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detect Detects creation of local users via the net.exe command with the option "never expire" in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of local users via the net.exe command with the option "never expire". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New User Created Via Net.EXE With Never Expire Option id: b9f0e6f5-09b4-4358-bae4-08408705bd5c related: - id: cd219ff3-fa99-45d4-8380-a7d15116c6dc type: derived status: test description: Detects creation of local users via the net.exe command with the option "never expire" references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/07/11/select-xmrig-from-sqlserver/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-12 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe - OriginalFileName: - net.exe - net1.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - user - add - expires:never condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of potentially malicious script and executable files in Windows startup folders, which is a common. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Startup Folder Persistence id: 28208707-fe31-437f-9a7f-4b1108b94d2e related: - id: 2aa0a6b4-a865-495b-ab51-c28249537b75 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the creation of potentially malicious script and executable files in Windows startup folders, which is a common persistence technique used by threat actors. These files (.ps1, .vbs, .js, .bat, etc.) are automatically executed when a user logs in, making the Startup folder an attractive target for attackers. This technique is frequently observed in malvertising campaigns and malware distribution where attackers attempt to maintain long-term access to compromised systems. ' references: - https://github.com/last-byte/PersistenceSniper - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/03/06/malvertising-campaign-leads-to-info-stealers-hosted-on-github/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/5ede8f21e42ebe37e0a6eff757dba60bcfa85859/atomics/T1547.001/T1547.001.md author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-10 modified: 2025-10-12 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\ TargetFilename|endswith: - .bat - .cmd - .dll - .hta - .jar - .js - .jse - .msi - .ps1 - .psd1 - .psm1 - .scr - .url - .vba - .vbe - .vbs - .wsf condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare legitimate usage of some of the extensions mentioned in the rule level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-3131
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3131. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3127, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4428, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4760. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to 2D.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in includes/update.php in the Support Ticket System plugin before 1.2.1 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL command
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7670. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in includes/update.php in the Support Ticket System plugin before 1.2.1 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) user or (2) id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5148. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in LivelyCart 1.2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the search_query parameter to product/search.
Query: explain T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API
Matching passage: T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data. Most cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API) A cloud metadata API has been used in at least one high profile compromise.(Citation: Krebs Capital One August 2019) If adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, adversaries may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows them to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018) The de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at <code>http[:]//169.254.169.254</code>.
Near-miss passage: T1552.006 Group Policy Preferences. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016) These group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).(Citation: Microsoft GPP Key) The following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files: * Metasploit’s post exploitation module: <code>post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp</code> * Get-GPPPassword(Citation: Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword) * gpprefdecrypt.py On the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: <code>dir /s * .xml</code>
Query: how to detect Web Services
Matching passage: T1584.006 Web Services. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)), [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567), or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. Additionally, leveraging compromised web-based email services may allow adversaries to leverage the trust associated with legitimate domains.
Near-miss passage: T1584.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them. Once compromised, the serverless runtime environment can be leveraged to either respond directly to infected machines or to [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) traffic to an adversary-owned command and control server.(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)(Citation: AWS Lambda Redirector)(Citation: GWS Apps Script Abuse 2021) As traffic generated by these functions will appear to come from subdomains of common cloud providers, it may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary traffic to these providers - making it easier to [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665).(Citation: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud)(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)
Query: vulnerability: Untrusted search path vulnerability in ZTE Datacard MF19 0V1.0.0B04 allows local users to gain privilege by modifying the 'Ucell Internet' directory to reference a malicious mms_dl
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0974. CWE: CWE-426. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Untrusted search path vulnerability in ZTE Datacard MF19 0V1.0.0B04 allows local users to gain privilege by modifying the 'Ucell Internet' directory to reference a malicious mms_dll_r.dll or mediaplayerdll.dll.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3887. CWE: CWE-426. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Untrusted search path vulnerability in ProxyChains-NG before 4.9 allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse libproxychains4.so library in the current working directory, which is referenced in the LD_PRELOAD path.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Gather Victim Org Information
Matching passage: T1591 Gather Victim Org Information. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1591.001 Determine Physical Locations. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).
Query: actor TTPs: Modify Cloud Compute Configurations
Matching passage: T1578.005 Modify Cloud Compute Configurations. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available compute. Such modifications may allow adversaries to abuse the victim’s compute resources to achieve their goals, potentially without affecting the execution of running instances and/or revealing their activities to the victim. For example, cloud providers often limit customer usage of compute resources via quotas. Customers may request adjustments to these quotas to support increased computing needs, though these adjustments may require approval from the cloud provider. Adversaries who compromise a cloud environment may similarly request quota adjustments in order to support their activities, such as enabling additional [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496) without raising suspicion by using up a victim’s entire quota.(Citation: Microsoft Cryptojacking 2023) Adversaries may also increase allowed resource usage by modifying any tenant-wide policies that limit the sizes of deployed virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Policy) Adversaries may also modify settings that affect where cloud resources can be deployed, such as enabling [Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535).
Near-miss passage: T1578.001 Create Snapshot. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)