alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in the HTTP administrative interface in TIBCO Rendezvous before 8.4.4, Rendezvous Network Server before 1.1.1, Substation ES before 2.9.0, and Messaging Appliance b
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4555. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the HTTP administrative interface in TIBCO Rendezvous before 8.4.4, Rendezvous Network Server before 1.1.1, Substation ES before 2.9.0, and Messaging Appliance before 8.7.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, related to the Rendezvous Daemon (rvd), Routing Daemon (rvrd), Secure Daemon (rvsd), Secure Routing Daemon (rvsrd), Gateway Daemon (rvgd), Daemon Adapter (rvda), Cache (rvcache), Agent (rva), and Relay Agent (rvrad) components.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in the Node Invite module before 6.x-2.5 for Drupal allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the destination parameter.
Query: how to detect Protocol or Service Impersonation
Matching passage: T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic. Adversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. Adversaries may also leverage legitimate protocols to impersonate expected web traffic or trusted services. For example, adversaries may manipulate HTTP headers, URI endpoints, SSL certificates, and transmitted data to disguise C2 communications or mimic legitimate services such as Gmail, Google Drive, and Yahoo Messenger.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)(Citation: Malleable-C2-U42)
Near-miss passage: T1001.002 Steganography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control.
Query: detection rule: Detects the installation of a Callout DLL via CalloutDlls and CalloutEnabled parameter in Registry, which can be used to
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the installation of a Callout DLL via CalloutDlls and CalloutEnabled parameter in Registry, which can be used to. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: DHCP Callout DLL Installation id: 9d3436ef-9476-4c43-acca-90ce06bdf33a status: test description: Detects the installation of a Callout DLL via CalloutDlls and CalloutEnabled parameter in Registry, which can be used to execute code in context of the DHCP server (restart required) references: - https://blog.3or.de/mimilib-dhcp-server-callout-dll-injection.html - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc726884(v=ws.10).aspx - https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/windows/desktop/aa363389(v=vs.85).aspx author: Dimitrios Slamaris date: 2017-05-15 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1574.001 - attack.t1112 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - \Services\DHCPServer\Parameters\CalloutDlls - \Services\DHCPServer\Parameters\CalloutEnabled condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell download and execution cradles.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PowerShell Download and Execution Cradles id: 85b0b087-eddf-4a2b-b033-d771fa2b9775 status: test description: Detects PowerShell download and execution cradles. references: - https://github.com/VirtualAlllocEx/Payload-Download-Cradles/blob/88e8eca34464a547c90d9140d70e9866dcbc6a12/Download-Cradles.cmd - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/fin7-target-veeam-servers author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-24 modified: 2025-07-18 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_download: CommandLine|contains: - .DownloadString( - .DownloadFile( - 'Invoke-WebRequest ' - 'iwr ' - 'Invoke-RestMethod ' - 'irm ' selection_iex: CommandLine|contains: - ;iex $ - '| IEX' - '|IEX ' - I`E`X - I`EX - IE`X - 'iex ' - IEX ( - IEX( - Invoke-Expression condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Some PowerShell installers were seen using similar combinations. Apply filters accordingly level: high
Query: detect Archive via Custom Method
Matching passage: T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)
Near-miss passage: T1560.002 Archive via Library. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data. Some archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.
Query: vulnerability: AppleGraphicsControl in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3676. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. AppleGraphicsControl in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5448. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. HP Asset Manager 9.40 and 9.41 before 9.41.11103 P4-rev1 and 9.50 before 9.50.11925 P3 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.1.3.5, 11.1.1.7, 11.1.1.9, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4914. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.1.3.5, 11.1.1.7, 11.1.1.9, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Web Listener.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5932. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion" during Mach task processing.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7985
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7985. CWE: CWE-276. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Valve Steam 2.10.91.91 uses weak permissions (Users: read and write) for the Install folder, which allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse steam.exe file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7378. CWE: CWE-276. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Panda Security URL Filtering before 4.3.1.9 uses a weak ACL for the "Panda Security URL Filtering" directory and installed files, which allows local users to gain SYSTEM privileges by modifying Panda_URL_Filteringb.exe.
Query: risk of The version checking subroutine in percona-toolkit before 2.2.13 and xtrabackup before 2.2.9 was vulnerable to silent HTTP downgrade attacks and Man In The Middle attacks in which 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1027. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The version checking subroutine in percona-toolkit before 2.2.13 and xtrabackup before 2.2.9 was vulnerable to silent HTTP downgrade attacks and Man In The Middle attacks in which the server response could be modified to allow the attacker to respond with modified command payload and have the client return additional running configuration information leading to an information disclosure of running configuration of MySQL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5571. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 do not properly restrict the SWF file format, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks against JSONP endpoints, and obtain sensitive information, via a crafted OBJECT element with SWF content satisfying the character-set requirements of a callback API. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-4671 and CVE-2014-5333.
Query: risk of Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 does not display a location bar for a hosted app's window after navigation away from the installation site, which might make it easier for remote 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6583. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 does not display a location bar for a hosted app's window after navigation away from the installation site, which might make it easier for remote attackers to spoof content via a crafted app, related to browser.cc and hosted_app_browser_controller.cc.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5246. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The LDAP Authentication functionality in Foreman might allow remote attackers with knowledge of old passwords to gain access via vectors involving the password lifetime period in Active Directory.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8333
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8333. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) in Huawei VCN500 with software before V100R002C00SPC200 allows remote authenticated users to change the IP address of the media server via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8889. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The aboot implementation in the Qualcomm components in Android before 2016-07-05 on Nexus 6P devices omits the recovery PIN feature, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors, aka Android internal bug 28822677 and Qualcomm internal bug CR804067.
Query: explain CWE-673
Matching passage: CWE-673 External Influence of Sphere Definition. The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1224 Improper Restriction of Write-Once Bit Fields. The hardware design control register sticky bits or write-once bit fields are improperly implemented, such that they can be reprogrammed by software.
Query: exploit The Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) application in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 9.2(0.0), 9.2(0.104), 9.2(3.1), 9.2(3.4), 9.3(1.105), 9.3(2.100), 9.4(0.115
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0742. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) application in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 9.2(0.0), 9.2(0.104), 9.2(3.1), 9.2(3.4), 9.3(1.105), 9.3(2.100), 9.4(0.115), 100.13(0.21), 100.13(20.3), 100.13(21.9), and 100.14(1.1) does not properly implement multicast-forwarding registration, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (forwarding outage) via a crafted multicast packet, aka Bug ID CSCus74398.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1068. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / file_event
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell creating a PowerShell file (.ps1). While often times this behavior is benign, sometimes it can be a s. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PowerShell Script Dropped Via PowerShell.EXE id: 576426ad-0131-4001-ae01-be175da0c108 status: test description: Detects PowerShell creating a PowerShell file (.ps1). While often times this behavior is benign, sometimes it can be a sign of a dropper script trying to achieve persistence. references: - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/onenote-growing-threat-malware-distribution author: frack113 date: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe TargetFilename|endswith: .ps1 filter_main_psscriptpolicytest: TargetFilename|contains: __PSScriptPolicyTest_ filter_main_appdata: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Users\ TargetFilename|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\ filter_main_windows_temp: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\Temp\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - False positives will differ depending on the environment and scripts used. Apply additional filters accordingly. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Kubernetes CronJob or Job is created or modified. A Kubernetes Job creates one or more pods to accomplish. Logsource: kubernetes / audit. Rule: title: Kubernetes CronJob/Job Modification id: 0c9b3bda-41a6-4442-9345-356ae86343dc related: - id: cd3a808c-c7b7-4c50-a2f3-f4cfcd436435 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects when a Kubernetes CronJob or Job is created or modified. A Kubernetes Job creates one or more pods to accomplish a specific task, and a CronJob creates Jobs on a recurring schedule. An adversary can take advantage of this Kubernetes object to schedule Jobs to run containers that execute malicious code within a cluster, allowing them to achieve persistence. ' references: - https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-audit.v1/ - https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/protecting-kubernetes-against-mitre-attck-persistence#technique-33-kubernetes-cronjob author: kelnage date: 2024-07-11 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution logsource: product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: objectRef.apiGroup: batch objectRef.resource: - cronjobs - jobs verb: - create - delete - patch - replace - update condition: selection falsepositives: - Modifying a Kubernetes Job or CronJob may need to be done by a system administrator. - Automated processes may need to take these actions and may need to be filtered. level: medium
Query: adversary uses Cloud Service Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496.004 Cloud Service Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage compromised software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact hosted service availability. For example, adversaries may leverage email and messaging services, such as AWS Simple Email Service (SES), AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS), SendGrid, and Twilio, in order to send large quantities of spam / [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails and SMS messages.(Citation: Invictus IR DangerDev 2024)(Citation: Permiso SES Abuse 2023)(Citation: SentinelLabs SNS Sender 2024) Alternatively, they may engage in LLMJacking by leveraging reverse proxies to hijack the power of cloud-hosted AI models.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024)(Citation: Lacework LLMJacking 2024) In some cases, adversaries may leverage services that the victim is already using. In others, particularly when the service is part of a larger cloud platform, they may first enable the service.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024) Leveraging SaaS applications may cause the victim to incur significant financial costs, use up service quotas, and otherwise impact availability.
Near-miss passage: T1496.001 Compute Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the compute resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. One common purpose for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) and cryptocurrency mining.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs) Additionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware identify then kill off processes for competing malware to ensure it’s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)
Query: vulnerability: app/Controller/TemplatesController.php in Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) before 2.3.92 does not properly restrict filenames under the tmp/files/ directory, which has u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5719. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. app/Controller/TemplatesController.php in Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) before 2.3.92 does not properly restrict filenames under the tmp/files/ directory, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0487. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via vectors related to PIA Core Technology, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0472.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2722
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2722. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in the CanonicalizeXPCOMParticipant function in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0 and Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.8 and 38.x before 38.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving attachment of an XMLHttpRequest object to a shared worker.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2651. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.799999952316284. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to Kernel Zones virtualized NIC driver.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3999
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3999. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Piriform CCleaner 3.26.0.1988 through 5.02.5101 writes the filenames to disk when overwriting files, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by searching unallocated disk space.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7412. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. The GatewayScript modules on IBM DataPower Gateways with software 7.2.0.x before 7.2.0.1, when the GatewayScript decryption API or a JWE decrypt action is enabled, do not require signed ciphertext data, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain plaintext data via a padding-oracle attack.
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of the "mofcomp" utility as a child of a suspicious shell or script running utility or by having a sus
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "mofcomp" utility as a child of a suspicious shell or script running utility or by having a sus. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Suspicious Mofcomp Execution id: 1dd05363-104e-4b4a-b963-196a534b03a1 status: test description: 'Detects execution of the "mofcomp" utility as a child of a suspicious shell or script running utility or by having a suspicious path in the commandline. The "mofcomp" utility parses a file containing MOF statements and adds the classes and class instances defined in the file to the WMI repository. Attackers abuse this utility to install malicious MOF scripts ' references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/07/11/select-xmrig-from-sqlserver/ - https://github.com/The-DFIR-Report/Sigma-Rules/blob/75260568a7ffe61b2458ca05f6f25914efb44337/win_mofcomp_execution.yml - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wmisdk/mofcomp author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-12 modified: 2023-04-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \mofcomp.exe - OriginalFileName: mofcomp.exe selection_case: - ParentImage|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \wsl.exe - \wscript.exe - \cscript.exe - CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp - \Users\Public\ - \WINDOWS\Temp\ - '%temp%' - '%tmp%' - '%appdata%' filter_main_wmiprvse: ParentImage: C:\Windows\System32\wbem\WmiPrvSE.exe CommandLine|contains: C:\Windows\TEMP\ CommandLine|endswith: .mof filter_optional_null_parent: CommandLine|contains: C:\Windows\TEMP\ CommandLine|endswith: .mof condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Password Reset By User Account id: 340ee172-4b67-4fb4-832f-f961bdc1f3aa status: test description: Detect when a user has reset their password in Azure AD references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts author: YochanaHenderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-03 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.credential-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: Category: UserManagement Status: Success Initiatedby: UPN filter: Target|contains: UPN ActivityType|contains: Password reset condition: selection and filter falsepositives: - If this was approved by System Administrator or confirmed user action. level: medium
Query: explain CWE-55
Matching passage: CWE-55 Path Equivalence: '/./' (Single Dot Directory). The product accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Near-miss passage: CWE-791 Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements. The product receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.