alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Device Driver Discovery
Matching passage: T1652 Device Driver Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate local device drivers on a victim host. Information about device drivers may highlight various insights that shape follow-on behaviors, such as the function/purpose of the host, present security tools (i.e. [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) or other defenses (e.g., [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497)), as well as potential exploitable vulnerabilities (e.g., [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068)). Many OS utilities may provide information about local device drivers, such as `driverquery.exe` and the `EnumDeviceDrivers()` API function on Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Driverquery)(Citation: Microsoft EnumDeviceDrivers) Information about device drivers (as well as associated services, i.e., [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007)) may also be available in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Registry Drivers) On Linux/macOS, device drivers (in the form of kernel modules) may be visible within `/dev` or using utilities such as `lsmod` and `modinfo`.(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)(Citation: lsmod man)(Citation: modinfo man)
Near-miss passage: T1087.004 Cloud Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) The AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)
Query: describe CVE-2015-4237
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4237. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The CLI parser in Cisco NX-OS 4.1(2)E1(1), 6.2(11b), 6.2(12), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.1), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.3), and 9.1(1)SV1(3.1.8) on Nexus devices allows local users to execute arbitrary OS commands via crafted characters in a filename, aka Bug IDs CSCuv08491, CSCuv08443, CSCuv08480, CSCuv08448, CSCuu99291, CSCuv08434, and CSCuv08436.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7774. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 6.5. PC-EGG pWebManager before 3.3.10, and before 2.2.2 for PHP 4.x, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands by leveraging the editor role.
Query: detection rule: Detects DLL sideloading of DLLs that are part of third party software (zoom, discord....etc)
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DLL sideloading of DLLs that are part of third party software (zoom, discord....etc). Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Third Party Software DLL Sideloading id: f9df325d-d7bc-4a32-8a1a-2cc61dcefc63 status: test description: Detects DLL sideloading of DLLs that are part of third party software (zoom, discord....etc) references: - https://hijacklibs.net/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Wietze Beukema (project and research) date: 2022-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection_lenovo: ImageLoaded|endswith: \commfunc.dll filter_lenovo: - ImageLoaded|contains: \AppData\local\Google\Chrome\Application\ - ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files\Lenovo\Communications Utility\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\Lenovo\Communications Utility\ selection_toshiba: ImageLoaded|endswith: \tosbtkbd.dll filter_toshiba: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files\Toshiba\Bluetooth Toshiba Stack\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\Toshiba\Bluetooth Toshiba Stack\ condition: (selection_lenovo and not filter_lenovo) or (selection_toshiba and not filter_toshiba) falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the removal of system firewall rules. Adversaries may only delete or modify a specific system firewall rule to b. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Modify System Firewall id: 323ff3f5-0013-4847-bbd4-250b5edb62cc related: - id: 53059bc0-1472-438b-956a-7508a94a91f0 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the removal of system firewall rules. Adversaries may only delete or modify a specific system firewall rule to bypass controls limiting network usage or access. Detection rules that match only on the disabling of firewalls will miss this. ' references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html - https://blog.aquasec.com/container-security-tnt-container-attack - https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/configuring_and_managing_networking/getting-started-with-nftables_configuring-and-managing-networking author: IAI date: 2023-03-06 modified: 2025-10-12 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection1: type: EXECVE a0: iptables a1|contains: DROP selection2: type: EXECVE a0: firewall-cmd a1|contains: remove selection3: type: EXECVE a0: ufw a1|contains: delete selection4: type: EXECVE a0: nft a1|contains: - delete - flush condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate admin activity level: medium
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in IBM Curam Social Program Management 6.1 before 6.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5023. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. SQL injection vulnerability in IBM Curam Social Program Management 6.1 before 6.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4208. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Cisco WebEx Meeting Center does not properly restrict the content of URLs in GET requests, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or conduct SQL injection attacks via vectors involving read access to a request, aka Bug ID CSCup88398.
Query: what is T1036.005
Matching passage: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: `svchost.exe`). Alternatively, a Windows Registry key may be given a close approximation to a key used by a legitimate program. In containerized environments, a threat actor may create a resource in a trusted namespace or one that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Backdoor 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Query: alert when Detects usage of a PowerShell command to dump the live memory of a Windows machine
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of a PowerShell command to dump the live memory of a Windows machine. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Live Memory Dump Using Powershell id: cd185561-4760-45d6-a63e-a51325112cae status: test description: Detects usage of a PowerShell command to dump the live memory of a Windows machine references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/storage/get-storagediagnosticinfo?view=windowsserver2022-ps author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-09-21 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Get-StorageDiagnosticInfo - -IncludeLiveDump condition: selection falsepositives: - Diagnostics level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: This events that are generated when using the hacktool Ruler by Sensepost. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Hacktool Ruler id: 24549159-ac1b-479c-8175-d42aea947cae status: test description: This events that are generated when using the hacktool Ruler by Sensepost references: - https://github.com/sensepost/ruler - https://github.com/sensepost/ruler/issues/47 - https://github.com/staaldraad/go-ntlm/blob/cd032d41aa8ce5751c07cb7945400c0f5c81e2eb/ntlm/ntlmv1.go#L427 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4776 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4624 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-05-31 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.collection - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1087 - attack.t1114 - attack.t1059 - attack.t1550.002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection1: EventID: 4776 Workstation: RULER selection2: EventID: - 4624 - 4625 WorkstationName: RULER condition: (1 of selection*) falsepositives: - Go utilities that use staaldraad awesome NTLM library level: high
Query: alert when Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request.. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - TFTP Request id: b4e6b016-a2ac-4759-ad85-8000b300d61e status: test description: Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request. references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Security Onion Solutions date: 2024-03-08 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1041 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 10001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the enumeration and query of interesting and in some cases sensitive services on the system via "sc.exe". Attack. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Interesting Service Enumeration Via Sc.EXE id: e83e8899-c9b2-483b-b355-5decc942b959 status: test description: 'Detects the enumeration and query of interesting and in some cases sensitive services on the system via "sc.exe". Attackers often try to enumerate the services currently running on a system in order to find different attack vectors. ' references: - https://www.n00py.io/2021/05/dumping-plaintext-rdp-credentials-from-svchost-exe/ - https://pentestlab.blog/tag/svchost/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2024-02-12 tags: - attack.t1003 - attack.credential-access logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \sc.exe - OriginalFileName: sc.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: query selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: termservice condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: what is T1070.005
Matching passage: T1070.005 Network Share Connection Removal. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\system\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)
Near-miss passage: T1070.003 Clear Command History. Tactics: stealth. Description: In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. On Linux and macOS, these command histories can be accessed in a few different ways. While logged in, this command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The benefit of this is that it allows users to go back to commands they've used before in different sessions. Adversaries may delete their commands from these logs by manually clearing the history (<code>history -c</code>) or deleting the bash history file <code>rm ~/.bash_history</code>. Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to clear command history data (<code>clear logging</code> and/or <code>clear history</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) On ESXi servers, command history may be manually removed from the `/var/log/shell.log` file.(Citation: Broadcom ESXi Shell Audit) On Windows hosts, PowerShell has two different command history providers: the built-in history and the command history managed by the <code>PSReadLine</code> module. The built-in history only tracks the commands used in the current session. This command history is not available to other sessions and is deleted when the session ends. The <code>PSReadLine</code> command history tracks the commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (<code>$env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> by default). This history file is available to all sessions and contains all past history since the file is not deleted when the session ends.(Citation: Micros
Query: CWE for Inclusion of Sensitive Information in an Include File
Matching passage: CWE-541 Inclusion of Sensitive Information in an Include File. If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.
Near-miss passage: CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function. The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
Query: rule covering Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious pare
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious pare. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious WMIC Execution Via Office Process id: e1693bc8-7168-4eab-8718-cdcaa68a1738 related: - id: 438025f9-5856-4663-83f7-52f878a70a50 type: derived - id: 518643ba-7d9c-4fa5-9f37-baed36059f6a type: obsolete - id: 9d1c72f5-43f0-4da5-9320-648cf2099dd0 type: obsolete - id: c0e1c3d5-4381-4f18-8145-2583f06a1fe5 type: obsolete - id: 04f5363a-6bca-42ff-be70-0d28bf629ead type: obsolete status: test description: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious parent-child chain (Office app spawns LOLBin). references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/03/29/sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware/ - https://github.com/vadim-hunter/Detection-Ideas-Rules/blob/02bcbfc2bfb8b4da601bb30de0344ae453aa1afe/Threat%20Intelligence/The%20DFIR%20Report/20210329_Sodinokibi_(aka_REvil)_Ransomware.yaml author: Vadim Khrykov, Cyb3rEng date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1204.002 - attack.t1047 - attack.t1218.010 - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \WINWORD.EXE - \EXCEL.EXE - \POWERPNT.exe - \MSPUB.exe - \VISIO.exe - \MSACCESS.EXE - \EQNEDT32.EXE - \ONENOTE.EXE - \wordpad.exe - \wordview.exe selection_wmic_img: - Image|endswith: \wbem\WMIC.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_wmic_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - process - create - call CommandLine|contains: - regsvr32 - rundll32 - msiexec - mshta - verclsid - wscript - cscript condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of the "sftp.exe" binary as a LOLBIN by abusing the "-D" flag. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use Of The SFTP.EXE Binary As A LOLBIN id: a85ffc3a-e8fd-4040-93bf-78aff284d801 status: test description: Detects the usage of the "sftp.exe" binary as a LOLBIN by abusing the "-D" flag references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/264 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-11-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sftp.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' -D ..' - ' -D C:\' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: indicators of Account Discovery
Matching passage: T1087 Account Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist, which can aid in follow-on behavior such as brute-forcing, spear-phishing attacks, or account takeovers (e.g., [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)). Adversaries may use several methods to enumerate accounts, including abuse of existing tools, built-in commands, and potential misconfigurations that leak account names and roles or permissions in the targeted environment. For examples, cloud environments typically provide easily accessible interfaces to obtain user lists.(Citation: AWS List Users)(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API) On hosts, adversaries can use default [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and other command line functionality to identify accounts. Information about email addresses and accounts may also be extracted by searching an infected system’s files.
Near-miss passage: T1087.002 Domain Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior such as targeting specific accounts which possess particular privileges. Commands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain users and groups. [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets including <code>Get-ADUser</code> and <code>Get-ADGroupMember</code> may enumerate members of Active Directory groups.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2502
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2502. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," as exploited in the wild in August 2015.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1774. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The HWP filter in LibreOffice before 4.3.7 and 4.4.x before 4.4.2 and Apache OpenOffice before 4.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted HWP document, which triggers an out-of-bounds write.
Query: explain CWE-447
Matching passage: CWE-447 Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI. A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.
Near-miss passage: CWE-526 Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in an Environment Variable. The product uses an environment variable to store unencrypted sensitive information.
Query: telemetry for T1001.003
Matching passage: T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic. Adversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. Adversaries may also leverage legitimate protocols to impersonate expected web traffic or trusted services. For example, adversaries may manipulate HTTP headers, URI endpoints, SSL certificates, and transmitted data to disguise C2 communications or mimic legitimate services such as Gmail, Google Drive, and Yahoo Messenger.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)(Citation: Malleable-C2-U42)
Near-miss passage: T1001.001 Junk Data. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters.