alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Outbound C2 pattern associated with Peripheral Device Discovery
Matching passage: Playbook for T1120 Peripheral Device Discovery. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1120. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system.(Citation: Peripheral Discovery Linux)(Citation: Peripheral Discovery macOS) Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities such as keyboards, printers, cameras, smart card readers, or removable storage. The information may be
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1518.002 Backup Software Discovery. Different response path focused on discovery.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7578
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7578. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the rails-html-sanitizer gem before 1.0.3 for Ruby on Rails 4.2.x and 5.x allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted tag attributes.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0177. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.5.0 before CF05 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Query: vulnerability: The Software Update component in Apple iTunes before 12.3 does not properly handle redirection, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to discover encrypted SMB credentials via u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5920. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Software Update component in Apple iTunes before 12.3 does not properly handle redirection, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to discover encrypted SMB credentials via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2565. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Installed Base component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.4, 12.0.6, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Create Item Instance.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0359
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0359. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Double free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0346.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2016. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.0. Unspecified vulnerability in IBM QRadar SIEM 7.1 MR2 before Patch 11 IF02 and 7.2.x before 7.2.5 Patch 4 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via unknown vectors.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of reg.exe to export registry paths associated with third-party credentials. Credential stealers have be. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Registry Export of Third-Party Credentials id: cc1abf27-78a3-4ac5-a51c-f3070b1d8e40 related: - id: 87a476dc-0079-4583-a985-dee7a20a03de type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of reg.exe to export registry paths associated with third-party credentials. Credential stealers have been known to use this technique to extract sensitive information from the registry. ' references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/fdc86a5b3d7df37a72c3272836f743747c47bfbc538f05af9ecf78547fa2e789/behavior author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-05-22 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_cli_save: CommandLine|contains: - save - export selection_cli_path: CommandLine|contains: - \Software\Aerofox\Foxmail\V3.1 - \Software\Aerofox\FoxmailPreview - \Software\DownloadManager\Passwords - \Software\FTPWare\COREFTP\Sites - \Software\IncrediMail\Identities - \Software\Martin Prikryl\WinSCP 2\Sessions - \Software\Mobatek\MobaXterm - \Software\OpenSSH\Agent\Keys - \Software\OpenVPN-GUI\configs - \Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password - \Software\Qualcomm\Eudora\CommandLine - \Software\RealVNC\WinVNC4 - \Software\RimArts\B2\Settings - \Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions - \Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys - \Software\Sota\FFFTP - \Software\TightVNC\Server - \Software\WOW6432Node\Radmin\v3.0\Server\Parameters\Radmin condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects files with specially crafted filenames that embed Base64-encoded bash payloads designed to execute when processe. Logsource: linux / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Filename with Embedded Base64 Commands id: 179b3686-6271-4d87-807d-17d843a8af73 status: experimental description: 'Detects files with specially crafted filenames that embed Base64-encoded bash payloads designed to execute when processed by shell scripts. These filenames exploit shell interpretation quirks to trigger hidden commands, a technique observed in VShell malware campaigns. ' references: - https://www.trellix.com/blogs/research/the-silent-fileless-threat-of-vshell/ author: '@kostastsale' date: 2025-11-22 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.004 - attack.t1027 logsource: product: linux category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: - '{echo' - '{base64,-d}' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate files with similar naming patterns (very unlikely). level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2793
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2793. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in templates/openid-selector.tmpl in ikiwiki before 3.20150329 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the openid_identifier parameter in a verify action to ikiwiki.cgi.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9357. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The akismet plugin before 3.1.5 for WordPress has XSS.
Query: rule covering Detects when a firewall rule is modified or deleted in Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a firewall rule is modified or deleted in Google Cloud Platform (GCP).. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud Firewall Modified or Deleted id: fe513c69-734c-4d4a-8548-ac5f609be82b status: test description: Detects when a firewall rule is modified or deleted in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). references: - https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/audit-logging - https://developers.google.com/resources/api-libraries/documentation/compute/v1/java/latest/com/google/api/services/compute/Compute.Firewalls.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-13 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - v*.Compute.Firewalls.Delete - v*.Compute.Firewalls.Patch - v*.Compute.Firewalls.Update - v*.Compute.Firewalls.Insert condition: selection falsepositives: - Firewall rules being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify that the firewall configuration change was expected. - Exceptions can be added to this rule to filter expected behavior. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies user login with multifactor authentication failures, which might be an indication an attacker has the passwor. Logsource: azure / signinlogs. Rule: title: Multifactor Authentication Interrupted id: 5496ff55-42ec-4369-81cb-00f417029e25 status: test description: Identifies user login with multifactor authentication failures, which might be an indication an attacker has the password for the account but can't pass the MFA challenge. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts author: AlertIQ date: 2021-10-10 modified: 2022-12-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.credential-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 - attack.t1110 - attack.t1621 logsource: product: azure service: signinlogs detection: selection_50074: ResultType: 50074 ResultDescription|contains: Strong Auth required selection_500121: ResultType: 500121 ResultDescription|contains: Authentication failed during strong authentication request condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: EDR alert: possible DNS Server (T1584.002)
Matching passage: T1584.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations. By compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Additionally, adversaries may leverage such control in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004) to redirect traffic to adversary-controlled infrastructure, mimicking normal trusted network communications.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019) Alternatively, they may be able to prove ownership of a domain to a SaaS service in order to assert control of the service or create a new administrative [Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003).(Citation: CyberCX SaaS Domain Hijacking 2025) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)
Near-miss passage: T1584.003 Virtual Private Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig) Compromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.
Query: mitigate Code Signing Certificates
Matching passage: T1588.003 Code Signing Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. Prior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.
Near-miss passage: T1588.002 Tool. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. Tools may also be leveraged for testing – for example, evaluating malware against commercial antivirus or endpoint detection and response (EDR) applications.(Citation: Forescout Conti Leaks 2022)(Citation: Sentinel Labs Top Tier Target 2025) Tool acquisition may involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as Cobalt Strike. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries). Threat actors may also crack trial versions of software.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8699
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8699. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in CA Release Automation (formerly LISA Release Automation) 5.0.2 before 5.0.2-227, 5.5.1 before 5.5.1-1616, 5.5.2 before 5.5.2-434, and 6.1.0 before 6.1.0-1026 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0072. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving an IFRAME element that triggers a redirect, a second IFRAME element that does not trigger a redirect, and an eval of a WindowProxy object, aka "Universal XSS (UXSS)."
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Partition.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4772. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Partition.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2813. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in SAP Mobile Platform allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via crafted XML, aka SAP Security Note 2125358.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / file_event
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of an "Active Directory Schema Cache File" (.sch) file by an uncommon tool.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: ADSI-Cache File Creation By Uncommon Tool id: 75bf09fa-1dd7-4d18-9af9-dd9e492562eb status: test description: Detects the creation of an "Active Directory Schema Cache File" (.sch) file by an uncommon tool. references: - https://medium.com/@ivecodoe/detecting-ldapfragger-a-newly-released-cobalt-strike-beacon-using-ldap-for-c2-communication-c274a7f00961 - https://blog.fox-it.com/2020/03/19/ldapfragger-command-and-control-over-ldap-attributes/ - https://github.com/fox-it/LDAPFragger author: xknow @xknow_infosec, Tim Shelton date: 2019-03-24 modified: 2023-10-18 tags: - attack.t1001.003 - attack.command-and-control logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Local\Microsoft\Windows\SchCache\ TargetFilename|endswith: .sch filter_main_generic: - Image|endswith: - :\Program Files\Cylance\Desktop\CylanceSvc.exe - :\Windows\CCM\CcmExec.exe - :\windows\system32\dllhost.exe - :\Windows\system32\dsac.exe - :\Windows\system32\efsui.exe - :\windows\system32\mmc.exe - :\windows\system32\svchost.exe - :\Windows\System32\wbem\WmiPrvSE.exe - :\windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - Image|contains: - :\Windows\ccmsetup\autoupgrade\ccmsetup - :\Program Files\SentinelOne\Sentinel Agent filter_main_office: Image|contains|all: - :\Program Files\ - \Microsoft Office Image|endswith: \OUTLOOK.EXE filter_optional_ldapwhoami: Image|endswith: \LANDesk\LDCLient\ldapwhoami.exe filter_optional_citrix: Image|endswith: :\Program Files\Citrix\Receiver StoreFront\Services\DefaultDomainServices\Citrix.DeliveryServices.DomainServices.ServiceHost.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Other legimate tools, which do ADSI (LDAP) operations, e.g. any remoting activity by MMC, Powershell, Windows etc. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep for now) to discover security software discovery. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Security Software Discovery - MacOs id: 0ed75b9c-c73b-424d-9e7d-496cd565fbe0 status: test description: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep for now) to discover security software discovery references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518.001/T1518.001.md author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2022-11-27 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1518.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos detection: image: Image: /usr/bin/grep selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: - nessusd - santad - CbDefense - falcond - td-agent - packetbeat - filebeat - auditbeat - osqueryd - BlockBlock - LuLu selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - Little - Snitch condition: image and 1 of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activities level: medium
Query: campaign using Template Injection
Matching passage: T1221 Template Injection. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, containing properties that collectively define how a document is rendered.(Citation: Microsoft Open XML July 2017) Properties within parts may reference shared public resources accessed via online URLs. For example, template properties may reference a file, serving as a pre-formatted document blueprint, that is fetched when the document is loaded. Adversaries may abuse these templates to initially conceal malicious code to be executed via user documents. Template references injected into a document may enable malicious payloads to be fetched and executed when the document is loaded.(Citation: SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection) These documents can be delivered via other techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) and/or [Taint Shared Content](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080) and may evade static detections since no typical indicators (VBA macro, script, etc.) are present until after the malicious payload is fetched.(Citation: Redxorblue Remote Template Injection) Examples have been seen in the wild where template injection was used to load malicious code containing an exploit.(Citation: MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017) Adversaries may also modify the <code>*\template</code> control word within an .rtf file to similarly conceal then download malicious code. This legitimate control word value is intended to be a file destination of a template file resource that is retrieved and loaded when an .rtf file is opened. However, adversaries may alter the bytes of an existing .rtf file to insert a template control wor
Near-miss passage: T1027.003 Steganography. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) By the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in Runtime/Runtime/AjaxCall.ashx in K2 blackpearl, smartforms, and K2 for SharePoint 4.6.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7299. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Runtime/Runtime/AjaxCall.ashx in K2 blackpearl, smartforms, and K2 for SharePoint 4.6.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the xml parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9461. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The awesome-filterable-portfolio plugin before 1.9 for WordPress has afp_get_new_portfolio_item_page SQL injection via the item_id parameter.
Query: secure coding against Struts: Unused Validation Form
Matching passage: CWE-107 Struts: Unused Validation Form. An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1389 Incorrect Parsing of Numbers with Different Radices. The product parses numeric input assuming base 10 (decimal) values, but it does not account for inputs that use a different base number (radix).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7558
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7558. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. librsvg before 2.40.12 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop, stack consumption, and application crash) via cyclic references in an SVG document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2765. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Email Security Gateway in Websense TRITON AP-EMAIL before 8.0.0 allows remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via unspecified vectors.