alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Network Provider DLL
Matching passage: T1556.008 Network Provider DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provider API) During the logon process, Winlogon (the interactive logon module) sends credentials to the local `mpnotify.exe` process via RPC. The `mpnotify.exe` process then shares the credentials in cleartext with registered credential managers when notifying that a logon event is happening.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)(Citation: NPPSPY Video)(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries can configure a malicious network provider DLL to receive credentials from `mpnotify.exe`.(Citation: NPPSPY) Once installed as a credential manager (via the Registry), a malicious DLL can receive and save credentials each time a user logs onto a Windows workstation or domain via the `NPLogonNotify()` function.(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries may target planting malicious network provider DLLs on systems known to have increased logon activity and/or administrator logon activity, such as servers and domain controllers.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)
Near-miss passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Spotlight module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary we
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6808. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Spotlight module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3988. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) 2015.1.0 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the metadata to a (1) Glance image, (2) Nova flavor or (3) Host Aggregate.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9462
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9462. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The awesome-filterable-portfolio plugin before 1.9 for WordPress has afp_get_new_category_page SQL injection via the cat_id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10017. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability has been found in HPI-Information-Systems ProLOD and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation of the argument this leads to sql injection. The name of the patch is 3f710905458d49c77530bd3cbcd8960457566b73. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217552.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect availability via unkn
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0386. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Web Listener, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-0338, CVE-2013-2877, and CVE-2014-0191.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0455. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the XDB - XML Database component in Oracle Database Server 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8034
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8034. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The state.sls function in Salt before 2015.8.3 uses weak permissions on the cache data, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3058. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via unspecified vectors.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7402
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7402. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Curam Social Program Management 6.1 before 6.1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9389. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. The mtouch-quiz plugin before 3.1.3 for WordPress has XSS via a quiz name.
Query: exploit Zoho NetFlow Analyzer build 10250 and earlier does not check for administrative authorization, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, modify passwords, or r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2959. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.5. Zoho NetFlow Analyzer build 10250 and earlier does not check for administrative authorization, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, modify passwords, or remove accounts by leveraging the guest role.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3114. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Archive Collected Data
Matching passage: T1560 Archive Collected Data. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. Both compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.
Near-miss passage: T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options. Additionally, adversaries may use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to Base64 encode collected data before exfiltration. Adversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)
Query: actor TTPs: Masquerade Account Name
Matching passage: T1036.010 Masquerade Account Name. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the names of legitimate accounts to make newly created ones appear benign. This will typically occur during [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), although accounts may also be renamed at a later date. This may also coincide with [Account Access Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531) if the actor first deletes an account before re-creating one with the same name.(Citation: Huntress MOVEit 2023) Often, adversaries will attempt to masquerade as service accounts, such as those associated with legitimate software, data backups, or container cluster management.(Citation: Elastic CUBA Ransomware 2022)(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023) They may also give accounts generic, trustworthy names, such as “admin”, “help”, or “root.”(Citation: Invictus IR Cloud Ransomware 2024) Sometimes adversaries may model account names off of those already existing in the system, as a follow-on behavior to [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087). Note that this is distinct from [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), which describes impersonating specific trusted individuals or organizations, rather than user or service account names.
Near-miss passage: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: `svchost.exe`). Alternatively, a Windows Registry key may be given a close approximation to a key used by a legitimate program. In containerized environments, a threat actor may create a resource in a trusted namespace or one that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Backdoor 2023)
Query: Suspicious Polymorphic Code execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1027.014 Polymorphic Code. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may utilize polymorphic code (also known as metamorphic or mutating code) to evade detection. Polymorphic code is a type of software capable of changing its runtime footprint during code execution.(Citation: polymorphic-blackberry) With each execution of the software, the code is mutated into a different version of itself that achieves the same purpose or objective as the original. This functionality enables the malware to evade traditional signature-based defenses, such as antivirus and antimalware tools.(Citation: polymorphic-sentinelone) Other obfuscation techniques can be used in conjunction with polymorphic code to accomplish the intended effects, including using mutation engines to conduct actions such as [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002), [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010), or [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013).(Citation: polymorphic-linkedin)(Citation: polymorphic-medium)
Near-miss passage: T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) Adversaries may also use compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. Portions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery.(Citation: Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis) Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled.(Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016) Adversaries may also abuse [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010) to obscure commands executed from payloads or directly via [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017)
Query: Sigma YAML for aws / cloudtrail
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects S3 Browser utility performing reconnaissance looking for existing IAM Users without a LoginProfile defined then. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS IAM S3Browser LoginProfile Creation id: db014773-b1d3-46bd-ba26-133337c0ffee status: test description: Detects S3 Browser utility performing reconnaissance looking for existing IAM Users without a LoginProfile defined then (when found) creating a LoginProfile. references: - https://permiso.io/blog/s/unmasking-guivil-new-cloud-threat-actor author: daniel.bohannon@permiso.io (@danielhbohannon) date: 2023-05-17 tags: - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.009 - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: iam.amazonaws.com eventName: - GetLoginProfile - CreateLoginProfile userAgent|contains: S3 Browser condition: selection falsepositives: - Valid usage of S3 Browser for IAM LoginProfile listing and/or creation level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Windows DCE-RPC functions which indicate a persistence techniques on the remote system. All credit for the Zeek mapping. Logsource: zeek / dce_rpc. Rule: title: MITRE BZAR Indicators for Persistence id: 53389db6-ba46-48e3-a94c-e0f2cefe1583 status: test description: Windows DCE-RPC functions which indicate a persistence techniques on the remote system. All credit for the Zeek mapping of the suspicious endpoint/operation field goes to MITRE. references: - https://github.com/mitre-attack/bzar#indicators-for-attck-persistence author: '@neu5ron, SOC Prime' date: 2020-03-19 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.004 logsource: product: zeek service: dce_rpc detection: op1: endpoint: spoolss operation: RpcAddMonitor op2: endpoint: spoolss operation: RpcAddPrintProcessor op3: endpoint: IRemoteWinspool operation: RpcAsyncAddMonitor op4: endpoint: IRemoteWinspool operation: RpcAsyncAddPrintProcessor op5: endpoint: ISecLogon operation: SeclCreateProcessWithLogonW op6: endpoint: ISecLogon operation: SeclCreateProcessWithLogonExW condition: 1 of op* falsepositives: - Windows administrator tasks or troubleshooting - Windows management scripts or software level: medium
Query: alert when Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware mi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware mi. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Special File Creation via Mknod Syscall id: 710bdbce-495d-491d-9a8f-7d0d88d2b41e status: experimental description: 'Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware might use `mknod` to create fake devices, interact with kernel interfaces, or establish covert channels in Linux systems. Monitoring the use of `mknod` is important because this syscall is rarely used by legitimate applications, and it can be abused to bypass file system restrictions or create backdoors. ' references: - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html - https://hopeness.medium.com/master-the-linux-mknod-command-a-comprehensive-guide-1c150a546aa8 author: Milad Cheraghi date: 2025-05-31 modified: 2025-12-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: SYSCALL SYSCALL: mknod condition: selection falsepositives: - Device creation by legitimate scripts or init systems (udevadm, MAKEDEV) - Container runtimes or security tools during initialization level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects calls to PowerShell with Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet using direct IP access. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Invoke-WebRequest Execution With DirectIP id: 1edff897-9146-48d2-9066-52e8d8f80a2f status: test description: Detects calls to PowerShell with Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet using direct IP access references: - https://www.huntress.com/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-in-papercut-print-management-software author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-04-21 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell_ise.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - powershell_ise.EXE - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_commands: CommandLine|contains: - 'curl ' - Invoke-RestMethod - Invoke-WebRequest - ' irm ' - 'iwr ' - 'wget ' selection_ip: CommandLine|contains: - ://1 - ://2 - ://3 - ://4 - ://5 - ://6 - ://7 - ://8 - ://9 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Files in Default GPO Folder id: 5f87308a-0a5b-4623-ae15-d8fa1809bc60 status: test description: Detects the creation of copy of suspicious files (EXE/DLL) to the default GPO storage folder references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-november-2021/ author: elhoim date: 2022-04-28 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.005 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Policies\{31B2F340-016D-11D2-945F-00C04FB984F9}\ TargetFilename|endswith: - .dll - .exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of the "PSScriptPolicyTest" PowerShell script by an uncommon process. This file is usually generate. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PSScriptPolicyTest Creation By Uncommon Process id: 1027d292-dd87-4a1a-8701-2abe04d7783c status: test description: Detects the creation of the "PSScriptPolicyTest" PowerShell script by an uncommon process. This file is usually generated by Microsoft Powershell to test against Applocker. references: - https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/security-operations/stopping-powershell-without-powershell/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-01 modified: 2026-07-28 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: __PSScriptPolicyTest_ filter_main_powershell: Image: - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe - C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe filter_main_pwsh_preview: Image|contains: - C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.PowerShellPreview - \AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\Microsoft.PowerShellPreview Image|endswith: \pwsh.exe filter_main_generic: Image: - C:\Windows\System32\dsac.exe - C:\Windows\System32\sdiagnhost.exe - C:\Windows\System32\ServerManager.exe - C:\Windows\System32\wsmprovhost.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sdiagnhost.exe filter_optional_gethelp: Image|startswith: C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.GetHelp_ Image|endswith: \GetHelp.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-5575
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5575. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5577, CVE-2015-5578, CVE-2015-5580, CVE-2015-5582, CVE-2015-5588, and CVE-2015-6677.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5772. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in SceneKit in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Collada file.
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in client-edit.php in ProjectSend (formerly cFTP) r561 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter to users
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2564. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in client-edit.php in ProjectSend (formerly cFTP) r561 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter to users-edit.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0540. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the xAdmin interface in EMC Document Sciences xPression 4.2 before P44 and 4.5 SP1 before P03 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Lateral movement indicators for Serverless Execution
Matching passage: Playbook for T1648 Serverless Execution. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1648. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse serverless computing, integration, and automation services to execute arbitrary code in cloud environments. Many cloud providers offer a variety of serverless resources, including compute engines, application integration services, and web servers. Adversaries may abuse these resources in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. For example, adversaries may use
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Different response path focused on execution.