alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects executables launched from external WebDAV shares using the WebDAV Explorer integration, commonly seen in initial in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects executables launched from external WebDAV shares using the WebDAV Explorer integration, commonly seen in initial. Logsource: proxy. Rule: title: Suspicious External WebDAV Execution id: 1ae64f96-72b6-48b3-ad3d-e71dff6c6398 related: - id: 4c55738d-72d8-490e-a2db-7969654e375f type: similar status: test description: 'Detects executables launched from external WebDAV shares using the WebDAV Explorer integration, commonly seen in initial access campaigns. ' references: - https://dear-territory-023.notion.site/WebDav-Share-Testing-e4950fa0c00149c3aa430d779b9b1d0f?pvs=4 - https://micahbabinski.medium.com/search-ms-webdav-and-chill-99c5b23ac462 - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_no/research/24/b/cve202421412-water-hydra-targets-traders-with-windows-defender-s.html - https://www.trellix.com/en-us/about/newsroom/stories/research/beyond-file-search-a-novel-method.html author: Ahmed Farouk date: 2024-05-10 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.resource-development - attack.t1584 - attack.t1566 logsource: category: proxy detection: selection_webdav: c-useragent|startswith: Microsoft-WebDAV-MiniRedir/ cs-method: GET selection_execution: c-uri|endswith: - .7z - .bat - .dat - .cmd - .exe - .js - .lnk - .ps1 - .rar - .url - .vbe - .vbs - .zip filter_main_local_ips: dst_ip|cidr: - 127.0.0.0/8 - 10.0.0.0/8 - 172.16.0.0/12 - 192.168.0.0/16 - 169.254.0.0/16 - ::1/128 - fe80::/10 - fc00::/7 condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware mi. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Special File Creation via Mknod Syscall id: 710bdbce-495d-491d-9a8f-7d0d88d2b41e status: experimental description: 'Detects usage of the `mknod` syscall to create special files (e.g., character or block devices). Attackers or malware might use `mknod` to create fake devices, interact with kernel interfaces, or establish covert channels in Linux systems. Monitoring the use of `mknod` is important because this syscall is rarely used by legitimate applications, and it can be abused to bypass file system restrictions or create backdoors. ' references: - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html - https://hopeness.medium.com/master-the-linux-mknod-command-a-comprehensive-guide-1c150a546aa8 author: Milad Cheraghi date: 2025-05-31 modified: 2025-12-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: SYSCALL SYSCALL: mknod condition: selection falsepositives: - Device creation by legitimate scripts or init systems (udevadm, MAKEDEV) - Container runtimes or security tools during initialization level: low
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Automated Collection
Matching passage: T1119 Automated Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Once established within a system or network, an adversary may use automated techniques for collecting internal data. Methods for performing this technique could include use of a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) to search for and copy information fitting set criteria such as file type, location, or name at specific time intervals. In cloud-based environments, adversaries may also use cloud APIs, data pipelines, command line interfaces, or extract, transform, and load (ETL) services to automatically collect data.(Citation: Mandiant UNC3944 SMS Phishing 2023) This functionality could also be built into remote access tools. This technique may incorporate use of other techniques such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) and [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570) to identify and move files, as well as [Cloud Service Dashboard](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538) and [Cloud Storage Object Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619) to identify resources in cloud environments.
Near-miss passage: T1185 Browser Session Hijacking. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.(Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser) A specific example is when an adversary injects software into a browser that allows them to inherit cookies, HTTP sessions, and SSL client certificates of a user then use the browser as a way to pivot into an authenticated intranet.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions) Executing browser-based behaviors such as pivoting may require specific process permissions, such as <code>SeDebugPrivilege</code> and/or high-integrity/administrator rights. Another example involves pivoting browser traffic from the adversary's browser through the user's browser by setting up a proxy which will redirect web traffic. This does not alter the user's traffic in any way, and the proxy connection can be severed as soon as the browser is closed. The adversary assumes the security context of whichever browser process the proxy is injected into. Browsers typically create a new process for each tab that is opened and permissions and certificates are separated accordingly. With these permissions, an adversary could potentially browse to any resource on an intranet, such as [Sharepoint](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002) or webmail, that is accessible through the browser and which the browser has sufficient permissions. Browser pivoting may also bypass security provided by 2-factor authentication.(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" by privileged accounts that are often abused by threat actors
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" by privileged accounts that are often abused by threat actors. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Whoami.EXE Execution From Privileged Process id: 79ce34ca-af29-4d0e-b832-fc1b377020db related: - id: 80167ada-7a12-41ed-b8e9-aa47195c66a1 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" by privileged accounts that are often abused by threat actors references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-privilege-escalation-in-windows-environment - https://web.archive.org/web/20221019044836/https://nsudo.m2team.org/en-us/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Teymur Kheirkhabarov date: 2022-01-28 modified: 2023-12-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: whoami.exe - Image|endswith: \whoami.exe selection_user: User|contains: - AUTHORI - AUTORI - TrustedInstaller condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when administrator grants either application permissions (app roles) or highly privileged delegated permissions. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: App Granted Privileged Delegated Or App Permissions id: 5aecf3d5-f8a0-48e7-99be-3a759df7358f related: - id: ba2a7c80-027b-460f-92e2-57d113897dbc type: obsolete status: test description: Detects when administrator grants either application permissions (app roles) or highly privileged delegated permissions references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-applications#application-granted-highly-privileged-permissions author: Bailey Bercik '@baileybercik', Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow' date: 2022-07-28 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1098.003 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Add app role assignment to service principal condition: selection falsepositives: - When the permission is legitimately needed for the app level: high
Query: risk of A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Zarthus IRC Twitter Announcer Bot up to 1.1.0. This affects the function get_tweets of the file lib/twitterbot/plugi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10096. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Zarthus IRC Twitter Announcer Bot up to 1.1.0. This affects the function get_tweets of the file lib/twitterbot/plugins/twitter_announcer.rb. The manipulation of the argument tweet leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. Upgrading to version 1.1.1 is able to address this issue. The patch is named 6b1941b7fc2c70e1f40981b43c84a2c20cc12bd3. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-223383.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2746. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 6.5. The network diagnostics tool (CommandLineServlet) in the Appliance Manager command line utility (CLU) in Websense TRITON 7.8.3 and V-Series appliances before 7.8.4 Hotfix 02 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the "second" parameter of a command, as demonstrated by the Destination parameter in the ping command.
Query: campaign using Modify System Image
Matching passage: T1601 Modify System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file. To change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it. This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.
Near-miss passage: T1601.002 Downgrade System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security. Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) On embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage. With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart. The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts. Downgrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600). Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).
Query: write Sigma for Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line i
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line i. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell XML Execute Command id: 6c6c6282-7671-4fe9-a0ce-a2dcebdc342b status: test description: 'Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1059.001/T1059.001.md#atomic-test-8---powershell-xml-requests author: frack113 date: 2022-01-19 modified: 2023-01-19 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_xml: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - New-Object - System.Xml.XmlDocument - .Load selection_exec: ScriptBlockText|contains: - 'IEX ' - 'Invoke-Expression ' - 'Invoke-Command ' - ICM - condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects piping the password to an anydesk instance via CMD and the '--set-password' flag.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - AnyDesk Piped Password Via CLI id: b1377339-fda6-477a-b455-ac0923f9ec2c status: test description: Detects piping the password to an anydesk instance via CMD and the '--set-password' flag. references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/misbehaving-rats/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-28 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '/c ' - 'echo ' - .exe --set-password condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate piping of the password to anydesk - Some FP could occur with similar tools that uses the same command line '--set-password' level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-8565
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8565. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in Joomla! 3.2.0 through 3.3.x and 3.4.x before 3.4.6 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7234. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.0. The OSF module 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.1 for Drupal, when the OSF Ontology and OSF Import modules are enabled, allows user-assisted remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Password Cracking
Matching passage: T1110.002 Password Cracking. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Further, adversaries may leverage [Data from Configuration Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602) in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.
Near-miss passage: T1110.003 Password Spraying. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying) Typically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following: * SSH (22/TCP) * Telnet (23/TCP) * FTP (21/TCP) * NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP) * LDAP (389/TCP) * Kerberos (88/TCP) * RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP) * HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP) * MSSQL (1433/TCP) * Oracle (1521/TCP) * MySQL (3306/TCP) * VNC (5900/TCP) In addition to management services, adversaries may "target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols," as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) In order to avoid detection thresholds, adversaries may deliberately throttle password spraying attempts to avoid triggering security alerting. Additionally, adversaries may leverage LDAP and Kerberos authentication attempts, which are less likely to trigger high-visibility events such as Windows "logon failure" event ID 4625 that is commonly triggered by failed SMB connection attempts.(Citation: Microsoft Storm-0940)
Query: risk of Heap-based buffer overflow in giffix.c in giffix in giflib 5.1.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) via crafted image and logical screen width fields in 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7555. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in giffix.c in giffix in giflib 5.1.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) via crafted image and logical screen width fields in a GIF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1362. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the Customize 35mm tab in Two Pilots Exif Pilot 4.7.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the maker element in an XML file.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects a successful login to the Microsoft Intune Company Portal which could allow bypassing Conditional Access Policie
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a successful login to the Microsoft Intune Company Portal which could allow bypassing Conditional Access Policie. Logsource: m365 / audit. Rule: title: Azure Login Bypassing Conditional Access Policies id: 13f2d3f5-6497-44a7-bf5f-dc13ffafe5dc status: experimental description: 'Detects a successful login to the Microsoft Intune Company Portal which could allow bypassing Conditional Access Policies and InTune device trust using a tool like TokenSmith. ' author: Josh Nickels, Marius Rothenbücher references: - https://labs.jumpsec.com/tokensmith-bypassing-intune-compliant-device-conditional-access/ - https://github.com/JumpsecLabs/TokenSmith date: 2025-01-08 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: service: audit product: m365 detection: selection: Operation: UserLoggedIn ApplicationId: 9ba1a5c7-f17a-4de9-a1f1-6178c8d51223 ResultStatus: Success RequestType: Cmsi:Cmsi filter_main_bjectid: ObjectId: 0000000a-0000-0000-c000-000000000000 condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects calls to cmdlets that are used to export certificates from the local certificate store. Threat actors were seen. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Certificate Exported Via PowerShell id: 9e716b33-63b2-46da-86a4-bd3c3b9b5dfb related: - id: aa7a3fce-bef5-4311-9cc1-5f04bb8c308c type: similar status: test description: Detects calls to cmdlets that are used to export certificates from the local certificate store. Threat actors were seen abusing this to steal private keys from compromised machines. references: - https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-112a - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/pki/export-pfxcertificate?view=windowsserver2022-ps - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/breaking-the-chain-defending-against-certificate-services-abuse.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-18 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.execution - attack.t1552.004 - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - 'Export-PfxCertificate ' - 'Export-Certificate ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate certificate exports by administrators. Additional filters might be required. level: medium
Query: risk of Red Hat JBoss A-MQ 6.x; BPM Suite (BPMS) 6.x; BRMS 6.x and 5.x; Data Grid (JDG) 6.x; Data Virtualization (JDV) 6.x and 5.x; Enterprise Application Platform 6.x, 5.x, and 4.3.x; Fus
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7501. CWE: CWE-502. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Red Hat JBoss A-MQ 6.x; BPM Suite (BPMS) 6.x; BRMS 6.x and 5.x; Data Grid (JDG) 6.x; Data Virtualization (JDV) 6.x and 5.x; Enterprise Application Platform 6.x, 5.x, and 4.3.x; Fuse 6.x; Fuse Service Works (FSW) 6.x; Operations Network (JBoss ON) 3.x; Portal 6.x; SOA Platform (SOA-P) 5.x; Web Server (JWS) 3.x; Red Hat OpenShift/xPAAS 3.x; and Red Hat Subscription Asset Manager 1.3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object, related to the Apache Commons Collections (ACC) library.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4852. CWE: CWE-502. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The WLS Security component in Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.6.0, 12.1.2.0, 12.1.3.0, and 12.2.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object in T3 protocol traffic to TCP port 7001, related to oracle_common/modules/com.bea.core.apache.commons.collections.jar. NOTE: the scope of this CVE is limited to the WebLogic Server product.
Query: vulnerability: The routed daemon in FreeBSD 9.3 before 9.3-RELEASE-p22, 10.2-RC2 before 10.2-RC2-p1, 10.2-RC1 before 10.2-RC1-p2, 10.2 before 10.2-BETA2-p3, and 10.1 before 10.1-RELEASE-p17 allow
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5674. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. The routed daemon in FreeBSD 9.3 before 9.3-RELEASE-p22, 10.2-RC2 before 10.2-RC2-p1, 10.2-RC1 before 10.2-RC1-p2, 10.2 before 10.2-BETA2-p3, and 10.1 before 10.1-RELEASE-p17 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon exit) via a query from a network that is not directly connected.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2514. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Windows Journal in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .jnt file, aka "Windows Journal RCE Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2513 and CVE-2015-2530.
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Solaris Kernel Zones, a different vulnerability than C
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4831. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Solaris Kernel Zones, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4822.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1295. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple use-after-free vulnerabilities in the PrintWebViewHelper class in components/printing/renderer/print_web_view_helper.cc in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact by triggering nested IPC messages during preparation for printing, as demonstrated by messages associated with PDF documents in conjunction with messages about printer capabilities.
Query: weakness Missing XML Validation
Matching passage: CWE-112 Missing XML Validation. The product accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.
Near-miss passage: CWE-527 Exposure of Version-Control Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere. The product stores a CVS, git, or other repository in a directory, archive, or other resource that is stored, transferred, or otherwise made accessible to unauthorized actors.