alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: EDR alert: possible Hide Artifacts (T1564)
Matching passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1564.004 NTFS File Attributes. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) Adversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in SIPhone Enterprise PBX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the Username.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1513. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in SIPhone Enterprise PBX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the Username.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9301. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The liveforms plugin before 3.2.0 for WordPress has SQL injection.
Query: secure coding against Path Traversal: 'dir....filename'
Matching passage: CWE-31 Path Traversal: 'dir....filename'. The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir....filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Near-miss passage: CWE-805 Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value. The product uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in SilverStripe CMS & Framework 3.1.13 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) admin_username 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5063. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in SilverStripe CMS & Framework 3.1.13 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) admin_username or (2) admin_password parameter to install.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4725. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in forgot.php in AudioShare 2.0.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the email parameter.
Query: vulnerability: In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in LTE where an assertion can be reached due to an improper bound on the size
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9046. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in LTE where an assertion can be reached due to an improper bound on the size of a frequency list.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8735. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The get_value function in epan/dissectors/packet-btatt.c in the Bluetooth Attribute (aka BT ATT) dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 uses an incorrect integer data type, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write operation and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: CWE for Improper Protections Against Hardware Overheating
Matching passage: CWE-1338 Improper Protections Against Hardware Overheating. A hardware device is missing or has inadequate protection features to prevent overheating.
Near-miss passage: CWE-754 Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions. The product does not check or incorrectly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the product.
Query: risk of huft_build in archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c in BusyBox before 1.27.2 misuses a pointer, causing segfaults and an application crash during an unzip operation on a speciall
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9261. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 5.5. huft_build in archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c in BusyBox before 1.27.2 misuses a pointer, causing segfaults and an application crash during an unzip operation on a specially crafted ZIP file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9132. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Small Cell SoC FSM9055, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 800, and SD 810, possible arbitrary memory read due to untrusted pointer dereference when handling HLOS controlled values passed to the QSEE syscall helper.
Query: exploit Puppet Enterprise 3.7.x and 3.8.0 might allow remote authenticated users to manage certificates for arbitrary nodes by leveraging a client certificate trusted by the master, aka a 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4100. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Puppet Enterprise 3.7.x and 3.8.0 might allow remote authenticated users to manage certificates for arbitrary nodes by leveraging a client certificate trusted by the master, aka a "Certificate Authority Reverse Proxy Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3420. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The ssl-proxy-openssl.c function in Dovecot before 2.2.17, when SSLv3 is disabled, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (login process crash) via vectors related to handshake failures.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7413
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7413. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF19 and 8.5.0 through CF08 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8797. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in webapp/web/js/scripts/plugins.js in the stats page in the Admin UI in Apache Solr before 5.3.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the entry parameter to a plugins/cache URI.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1111
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1111. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Safari in Apple iOS before 8.3 does not delete Recently Closed Tabs data in response to a history-clearing action, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading a history file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5059. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The "Project Documentation" feature in MantisBT 1.2.19 and earlier, when the threshold to access files ($g_view_proj_doc_threshold) is set to ANYBODY, allows remote authenticated users to download attachments linked to arbitrary private projects via a file id number in the file_id parameter to file_download.php.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a symbolic link between "cmd.exe" and the accessibility on-screen keyboard binary (osk.exe) usin. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Privilege Escalation Using Symlink Between Osk and Cmd id: e9b61244-893f-427c-b287-3e708f321c6b status: test description: Detects the creation of a symbolic link between "cmd.exe" and the accessibility on-screen keyboard binary (osk.exe) using "mklink". This technique provides an elevated command prompt to the user from the login screen without the need to log in. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/5c1e6f1b4fafd01c8d1ece85f510160fc1275fbf/atomics/T1546.008/T1546.008.md - https://ss64.com/nt/mklink.html author: frack113 date: 2022-12-11 modified: 2022-12-20 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1546.008 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - mklink - \osk.exe - \cmd.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_cmd_mklink_osk_cmd/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects call to "Win32_QuickFixEngineering" in order to enumerate installed hotfixes often used in "enum" scripts by att. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell Hotfix Enumeration id: f5d1def8-1de0-4a0e-9794-1f6f27dd605c status: test description: Detects call to "Win32_QuickFixEngineering" in order to enumerate installed hotfixes often used in "enum" scripts by attackers references: - https://github.com/411Hall/JAWS/blob/233f142fcb1488172aa74228a666f6b3c5c48f1d/jaws-enum.ps1 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-21 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Win32_QuickFixEngineering - HotFixID condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration scripts level: medium
Query: ATT&CK technique for Scan Databases
Matching passage: T1596.005 Scan Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Near-miss passage: T1596 Search Open Technical Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: vulnerability: Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 do not impose certain ECMAScript 6 requirements on JavaScript object properties, which allows remote attackers to bypas
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4478. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 do not impose certain ECMAScript 6 requirements on JavaScript object properties, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via the reviver parameter to the JSON.parse method.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8252. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The Frontel protocol before 3 on RSI Video Technologies Videofied devices sends a cleartext serial number, which allows remote attackers to determine a hardcoded key by sniffing the network and performing a "jumbled up" calculation with this number.
Query: exploit libpthread in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5757. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libpthread in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via an app that uses a crafted syscall to interfere with locking.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3713. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted movie file.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7702
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7702. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. The crypto_xmit function in ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash). NOTE: This vulnerability exists due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-9750.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8741. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_ppi function in epan/dissectors/packet-ppi.c in the PPI dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not initialize a packet-header data structure, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Rootkit
Matching passage: T1014 Rootkit. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits) Rootkits or rootkit enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system or lower, to include a hypervisor or [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001). (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit) Rootkits have been seen for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X systems. (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit) Rootkits that reside or modify boot sectors are known as [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003)s and specifically target the boot process of the operating system.
Near-miss passage: T1027.008 Stripped Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make a payload difficult to analyze by removing symbols, strings, and other human readable information. Scripts and executables may contain variables names and other strings that help developers document code functionality. Symbols are often created by an operating system’s `linker` when executable payloads are compiled. Reverse engineers use these symbols and strings to analyze code and to identify functionality in payloads.(Citation: Mandiant golang stripped binaries explanation)(Citation: intezer stripped binaries elf files 2018) Adversaries may use stripped payloads in order to make malware analysis more difficult. For example, compilers and other tools may provide features to remove or obfuscate strings and symbols. Adversaries have also used stripped payload formats, such as run-only AppleScripts, a compiled and stripped version of [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), to evade detection and analysis. The lack of human-readable information may directly hinder detection and analysis of payloads.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1720. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Use-after-free vulnerability in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Use After Free Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5101. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4448, CVE-2015-5095, CVE-2015-5099, CVE-2015-5111, CVE-2015-5113, and CVE-2015-5114.
Query: intelligence brief on T1036.012
Matching passage: T1036.012 Browser Fingerprint. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to blend in with legitimate traffic by spoofing browser and system attributes like operating system, system language, platform, user-agent string, resolution, time zone, etc. The HTTP User-Agent request header is a string that lets servers and network peers identify the application, operating system, vendor, and/or version of the requesting user agent.(Citation: Mozilla User Agent) Adversaries may gather this information through [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) or by users navigating to adversary-controlled websites, and then use that information to craft their web traffic to evade defenses.(Citation: Gummy Browsers Targeted Browser Spoofing against State-of-the-Art Fingerprinting Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Query: explain CWE-562
Matching passage: CWE-562 Return of Stack Variable Address. A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.
Near-miss passage: CWE-163 Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3246
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3246. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. libuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used in the userhelper program in the usermode package, directly modifies /etc/passwd, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (inconsistent file state) by causing an error during the modification. NOTE: this issue can be combined with CVE-2015-3245 to gain privileges.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7751. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Juniper Junos OS before 12.1X44-D50, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D35, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D25, 12.3 before 12.3R9, 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D15, 13.2 before 13.2R7, 13.2X51 before 13.2X51-D35, 13.3 before 13.3R6, 14.1 before 14.1R5, 14.1X50 before 14.1X50-D105, 14.1X51 before 14.1X51-D70, 14.1X53 before 14.1X53-D25, 14.1X55 before 14.1X55-D20, 14.2 before 14.2R1, 15.1 before 15.1F2 or 15.1R1, and 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D10 does not require a password for the root user when pam.conf is "corrupted," which allows local users to gain root privileges by modifying the file.