alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: adversary uses COR_PROFILER
Matching passage: T1574.012 COR_PROFILER. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) The COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) Adversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and impair defenses provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1574.014 AppDomainManager. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking how the .NET `AppDomainManager` loads assemblies. The .NET framework uses the `AppDomainManager` class to create and manage one or more isolated runtime environments (called application domains) inside a process to host the execution of .NET applications. Assemblies (`.exe` or `.dll` binaries compiled to run as .NET code) may be loaded into an application domain as executable code.(Citation: Microsoft App Domains) Known as "AppDomainManager injection," adversaries may execute arbitrary code by hijacking how .NET applications load assemblies. For example, malware may create a custom application domain inside a target process to load and execute an arbitrary assembly. Alternatively, configuration files (`.config`) or process environment variables that define .NET runtime settings may be tampered with to instruct otherwise benign .NET applications to load a malicious assembly (identified by name) into the target process.(Citation: PenTestLabs AppDomainManagerInject)(Citation: PwC Yellow Liderc)(Citation: Rapid7 AppDomain Manager Injection)
Query: describe CVE-2015-6643
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6643. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Setup Wizard in Android 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY49F and 6.0 before 2016-01-01 allows physically proximate attackers to modify settings or bypass a reset protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, aka internal bug 25290269.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4545. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.0. EMC Isilon OneFS 7.1 before 7.1.1.8, 7.2.0 before 7.2.0.4, and 7.2.1 before 7.2.1.1 allows remote authenticated administrators to bypass a SmartLock root-login restriction by creating a root account and establishing a login session.
Query: risk of Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote at
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2842. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in sounds/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5556. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3733
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3733. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1903. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in IBM Domino 8.5 before 8.5.3 FP6 IF7 and 9.0 before 9.0.1 FP3 IF3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted BMP image, aka SPR KLYH9TSN3Y.
Query: vulnerability: ZTE OX-330P, ZXHN H108N, W300V1.0.0S_ZRD_TR1_D68, HG110, GAN9.8T101A-B, MF28G, ZXHN H108N use non-unique X.509 certificates and SSH host keys, which might allow remote attackers to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7255. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. ZTE OX-330P, ZXHN H108N, W300V1.0.0S_ZRD_TR1_D68, HG110, GAN9.8T101A-B, MF28G, ZXHN H108N use non-unique X.509 certificates and SSH host keys, which might allow remote attackers to obtain credentials or other sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack, passive decryption attack, or impersonating a legitimate device.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1426. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Puppet Labs Facter 1.6.0 through 2.4.0 allows local users to obtains sensitive Amazon EC2 IAM instance metadata by reading a fact for an Amazon EC2 node.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9286
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9286. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Controllers.outgoing in controllers/index.js in NodeBB before 0.7.3 has outgoing XSS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0216. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. access.php in the Lesson module in Moodle 2.8.x before 2.8.2 does not set the RISK_XSS bit for graders, which allows remote authenticated users to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via crafted essay feedback.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the Installation of a Exchange Transport Agent. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: MSExchange Transport Agent Installation id: 83809e84-4475-4b69-bc3e-4aad8568612f related: - id: 83809e84-4475-4b69-bc3e-4aad8568612f type: similar status: test description: Detects the Installation of a Exchange Transport Agent references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=7 author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-06-08 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.002 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: Install-TransportAgent condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate installations of exchange TransportAgents. AssemblyPath is a good indicator for this. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies the creation of local users via the net.exe command.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New User Created Via Net.EXE id: cd219ff3-fa99-45d4-8380-a7d15116c6dc related: - id: b9f0e6f5-09b4-4358-bae4-08408705bd5c type: similar status: test description: Identifies the creation of local users via the net.exe command. references: - https://eqllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/analytics/014c3f51-89c6-40f1-ac9c-5688f26090ab.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1136.001/T1136.001.md author: Endgame, JHasenbusch (adapted to Sigma for oscd.community) date: 2018-10-30 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe - OriginalFileName: - net.exe - net1.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - user - add condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate user creation. - Better use event IDs for user creation rather than command line rules. level: medium
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates
Matching passage: T1649 Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may steal or forge certificates used for authentication to access remote systems or resources. Digital certificates are often used to sign and encrypt messages and/or files. Certificates are also used as authentication material. For example, Entra ID device certificates and Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) certificates bind to an identity and can be used as credentials for domain accounts.(Citation: O365 Blog Azure AD Device IDs)(Citation: Microsoft AD CS Overview) Authentication certificates can be both stolen and forged. For example, AD CS certificates can be stolen from encrypted storage (in the Registry or files)(Citation: APT29 Deep Look at Credential Roaming), misplaced certificate files (i.e. [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)), or directly from the Windows certificate store via various crypto APIs.(Citation: SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned)(Citation: GitHub CertStealer)(Citation: GitHub GhostPack Certificates) With appropriate enrollment rights, users and/or machines within a domain can also request and/or manually renew certificates from enterprise certificate authorities (CA). This enrollment process defines various settings and permissions associated with the certificate. Of note, the certificate’s extended key usage (EKU) values define signing, encryption, and authentication use cases, while the certificate’s subject alternative name (SAN) values define the certificate owner’s alternate names.(Citation: Medium Certified Pre Owned) Abusing certificates for authentication credentials may enable other behaviors such as [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008). Certificate-related misconfigurations may also enable opportunities for [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), by way of allowing users to impersonate or assume privileged accounts or permissions via the identities (SANs) associated with a certificate. These abuses may also enable [Persistence](https:/
Near-miss passage: T1552.007 Container API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) An adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Local Accounts
Matching passage: T1078.003 Local Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. Local Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement.
Near-miss passage: T1078 Valid Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence. In some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts: for example, those belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. Using these accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on their account.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare) The overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)
Query: describe CVE-2015-5737
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5737. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The (1) mdare64_48.sys, (2) mdare32_48.sys, (3) mdare32_52.sys, (4) mdare64_52.sys, and (5) Fortishield.sys drivers in Fortinet FortiClient before 5.2.4 do not properly restrict access to the API for management of processes and the Windows registry, which allows local users to obtain a privileged handle to a PID and possibly have unspecified other impact, as demonstrated by a 0x2220c8 ioctl call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0861. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. model/modelstorage.py in trytond 3.2.x before 3.2.10, 3.4.x before 3.4.8, 3.6.x before 3.6.5, and 3.8.x before 3.8.1 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and write to arbitrary fields via a sequence of records.
Query: stealth using Access Token Manipulation
Matching passage: T1134 Access Token Manipulation. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token. An adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation) Any standard user can use the <code>runas</code> command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.
Near-miss passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Query: describe CVE-2015-5703
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5703. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the public key discovery API call in Open-Xchange OX Guard before 2.0.0-rev8 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10014. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in arekk uke. This affects an unknown part of the file lib/uke/finder.rb. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The identifier of the patch is 52fd3b2d0bc16227ef57b7b98a3658bb67c1833f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217485 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: detection rule: Detects Stracciatella which executes a Powershell runspace from within C# (aka SharpPick technique) with AMSI, ETW and S
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Stracciatella which executes a Powershell runspace from within C# (aka SharpPick technique) with AMSI, ETW and S. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Stracciatella Execution id: 7a4d9232-92fc-404d-8ce1-4c92e7caf539 status: test description: Detects Stracciatella which executes a Powershell runspace from within C# (aka SharpPick technique) with AMSI, ETW and Script Block Logging disabled based on PE metadata characteristics. references: - https://github.com/mgeeky/Stracciatella author: pH-T (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-04-17 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.execution - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1059 - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \Stracciatella.exe - OriginalFileName: Stracciatella.exe - Description: Stracciatella - Hashes|contains: - SHA256=9d25e61ec1527e2a69d7c2a4e3fe2fe15890710c198a66a9f25d99fdf6c7b956 - SHA256=fd16609bd9830c63b9413671678bb159b89c357d21942ddbb6b93add808d121a condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility. Which can be used to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DriverQuery.EXE Execution id: a20def93-0709-4eae-9bd2-31206e21e6b2 related: - id: 9fc3072c-dc8f-4bf7-b231-18950000fadd type: similar status: test description: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility. Which can be used to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/01/09/unwrapping-ursnifs-gifts/ - https://www.vmray.com/cyber-security-blog/analyzing-ursnif-behavior-malware-sandbox/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/saigon-mysterious-ursnif-fork.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-19 modified: 2023-09-29 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: driverquery.exe - OriginalFileName: drvqry.exe filter_main_other: - ParentImage|endswith: - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - ParentImage|contains: - \AppData\Local\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use by third party tools in order to investigate installed drivers level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_driverquery_usage/info.yml
Query: Sigma rule for Detects appending of zip file to image
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects appending of zip file to image. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Steganography Hide Zip Information in Picture File id: 45810b50-7edc-42ca-813b-bdac02fb946b status: test description: Detects appending of zip file to image references: - https://zerotoroot.me/steganography-hiding-a-zip-in-a-jpeg-file/ author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-09-09 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027.003 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: commands: type: EXECVE a0: cat a1: a1|endswith: - .jpg - .png a2: a2|endswith: .zip condition: commands and a1 and a2 falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects various execution patterns of the CrackMapExec pentesting framework. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - CrackMapExec Execution Patterns id: 058f4380-962d-40a5-afce-50207d36d7e2 status: stable description: Detects various execution patterns of the CrackMapExec pentesting framework references: - https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec author: Thomas Patzke date: 2020-05-22 modified: 2023-11-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.t1047 - attack.t1053 - attack.t1059.003 - attack.t1059.001 - attack.s0106 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - cmd.exe /Q /c * 1> \\\\*\\*\\* 2>&1 - cmd.exe /C * > \\\\*\\*\\* 2>&1 - cmd.exe /C * > *\\Temp\\* 2>&1 - powershell.exe -exec bypass -noni -nop -w 1 -C " - 'powershell.exe -noni -nop -w 1 -enc ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high