alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Remote Data Staging
Matching passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Query: risk of The mget function in softmagic.c in file 5.x, as used in the Fileinfo component in PHP before 5.4.40, 5.5.x before 5.5.24, and 5.6.x before 5.6.8, does not properly maintain a cert
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4604. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The mget function in softmagic.c in file 5.x, as used in the Fileinfo component in PHP before 5.4.40, 5.5.x before 5.5.24, and 5.6.x before 5.6.8, does not properly maintain a certain pointer relationship, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted string that is mishandled by a "Python script text executable" rule.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1131. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. fontd in Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1132, CVE-2015-1133, CVE-2015-1134, and CVE-2015-1135.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8790
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8790. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The EbmlUnicodeString::UpdateFromUTF8 function in libEBML before 1.3.3 allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information from process heap memory via a crafted UTF-8 string, which triggers an invalid memory access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4213. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco NX-OS 1.1(1g) on Nexus 9000 devices allows remote authenticated users to discover cleartext passwords by leveraging the existence of a decryption mechanism, aka Bug ID CSCuu84391.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Manager component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4765. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Manager component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via vectors related to OAM Dashboard.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6832. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the SPL unserialize implementation in ext/spl/spl_array.c in PHP before 5.4.44, 5.5.x before 5.5.28, and 5.6.x before 5.6.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted serialized data that triggers misuse of an array field.
Query: hunt for Masquerading activity
Matching passage: T1036 Masquerading. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names. Renaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)
Near-miss passage: T1036.010 Masquerade Account Name. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the names of legitimate accounts to make newly created ones appear benign. This will typically occur during [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), although accounts may also be renamed at a later date. This may also coincide with [Account Access Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531) if the actor first deletes an account before re-creating one with the same name.(Citation: Huntress MOVEit 2023) Often, adversaries will attempt to masquerade as service accounts, such as those associated with legitimate software, data backups, or container cluster management.(Citation: Elastic CUBA Ransomware 2022)(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023) They may also give accounts generic, trustworthy names, such as “admin”, “help”, or “root.”(Citation: Invictus IR Cloud Ransomware 2024) Sometimes adversaries may model account names off of those already existing in the system, as a follow-on behavior to [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087). Note that this is distinct from [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), which describes impersonating specific trusted individuals or organizations, rather than user or service account names.
Query: risk of Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in a PHP script in the management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allow remote auth
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6548. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in a PHP script in the management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1471. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in userprofile.lib.php in Pragyan CMS 3.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the user parameter to the default URI.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2985
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2985. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in guide-park.com BBS X102 1.03 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3447. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in macIpSpoofView.html in Dell SonicWall SonicOS 7.5.0.12 and 6.x allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) searchSpoof or (2) searchSpoofIpDet parameter.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0640
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0640. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The high-speed logging (HSL) feature in Cisco IOS XE 2.x and 3.x before 3.10.4S, 3.11 before 3.11.3S, 3.12 before 3.12.1S, 3.13 before 3.13.0S, 3.14 before 3.14.0S, and 3.15 before 3.15.0S allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via large IP packets that require NAT and HSL processing after fragmentation, aka Bug ID CSCuo25741.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8711. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. epan/dissectors/packet-nbap.c in the NBAP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate conversation data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: vulnerability: The history-collection plugin through 1.1.1 for WordPress has directory traversal via the download.php var parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9470. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. The history-collection plugin through 1.1.1 for WordPress has directory traversal via the download.php var parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9287. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Directory Traversal was discovered in University of Cambridge mod_ucam_webauth before 2.0.2. The key identification field ("kid") of the IdP's HTTP response message ("WLS-Response") can be manipulated by an attacker. The "kid" field is not signed like the rest of the message, and manipulation is therefore trivial. The "kid" field should only ever represent an integer. However, it is possible to provide any string value. An attacker could use this to their advantage to force the application agent to load the RSA public key required for message integrity checking from an unintended location.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Recon Command Output Piped To Findstr.EXE id: ccb5742c-c248-4982-8c5c-5571b9275ad3 related: - id: fe63010f-8823-4864-a96b-a7b4a0f7b929 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on inline calls of "cmd.exe" via the "/c" or "/k" for example. Attackers often time use this technique to extract specific information they require in their reconnaissance phase. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/02cb591f75064ffe1e0df9ac3ed5972a2e491c97/atomics/T1057/T1057.md#atomic-test-6---discover-specific-process---tasklist - https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/manage-engine-vulnerability-sector-alert-tlpclear.pdf - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/d/spring4shell-exploited-to-deploy-cryptocurrency-miners.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2023-07-06 modified: 2025-10-08 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1057 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - ipconfig*|*find - net*|*find - netstat*|*find - ping*|*find - systeminfo*|*find - tasklist*|*find - whoami*|*find filter_optional_xampp: CommandLine|contains|all: - cmd.exe /c TASKLIST /V | - FIND /I - \xampp\ - \catalina_start.bat condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_findstr_recon_pipe_output/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell calling a credential prompt. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell Credential Prompt id: ca8b77a9-d499-4095-b793-5d5f330d450e status: test description: Detects PowerShell calling a credential prompt references: - https://twitter.com/JohnLaTwC/status/850381440629981184 - https://t.co/ezOTGy1a1G author: John Lambert (idea), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-04-09 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: PromptForCredential condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in cpabc_appointments_admin_int_calendar_list.inc.php in the Appointment Booking Calendar plugin before 1.1.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to e
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7319. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in cpabc_appointments_admin_int_calendar_list.inc.php in the Appointment Booking Calendar plugin before 1.1.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors related to updating the username.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6350. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the web framework in Cisco Prime Service Catalog 11.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuw50843.
Query: detect Detects listing of the inodes of the "/" directory to determine if the we are running inside of a container. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects listing of the inodes of the "/" directory to determine if the we are running inside of a container.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Container Discovery Via Inodes Listing id: 43e26eb5-cd58-48d1-8ce9-a273f5d298d8 status: test description: Detects listing of the inodes of the "/" directory to determine if the we are running inside of a container. references: - https://blog.skyplabs.net/posts/container-detection/ - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20010199/how-to-determine-if-a-process-runs-inside-lxc-docker tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1082 author: Seth Hanford date: 2023-08-23 modified: 2025-11-24 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_ls_img: Image|endswith: /ls selection_ls_cli: - CommandLine|endswith: ' /' - CommandLine|contains: ' / ' selection_regex_inode: CommandLine|re: (?:\s-[^-\s]{0,20}i|\s--inode\s) selection_regex_dir: CommandLine|re: (?:\s-[^-\s]{0,20}d|\s--directory\s) condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate system administrator usage of these commands - Some container tools or deployments may use these techniques natively to determine how they proceed with execution, and will need to be filtered level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects use of Cobalt Strike commands accidentally entered in the CMD shell. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Operator Bloopers Cobalt Strike Commands id: 647c7b9e-d784-4fda-b9a0-45c565a7b729 related: - id: 4f154fb6-27d1-4813-a759-78b93e0b9c48 type: similar status: test description: Detects use of Cobalt Strike commands accidentally entered in the CMD shell references: - https://hstechdocs.helpsystems.com/manuals/cobaltstrike/current/userguide/content/cobalt-4-5-user-guide.pdf - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/10/04/bazarloader-and-the-conti-leaks/ - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/06/16/sans-ransomware-summit-2022-can-you-detect-this/ author: _pete_0, TheDFIRReport date: 2022-05-06 modified: 2023-01-30 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 - stp.1u logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|startswith: - 'cmd ' - cmd.exe - c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe CommandLine|contains: - psinject - spawnas - make_token - remote-exec - rev2self - dcsync - logonpasswords - execute-assembly - getsystem condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Sigma rule for Detects a method to load DLL via LSASS process using an undocumented Registry key
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a method to load DLL via LSASS process using an undocumented Registry key. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: DLL Load via LSASS id: b3503044-60ce-4bf4-bbcb-e3db98788823 status: test description: Detects a method to load DLL via LSASS process using an undocumented Registry key references: - https://blog.xpnsec.com/exploring-mimikatz-part-1/ - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1183745981189427200 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-10-16 modified: 2022-04-21 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.008 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\DirectoryServiceExtPt - \CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\LsaDbExtPt filter_domain_controller: Image: C:\Windows\system32\lsass.exe Details: - '%%systemroot%%\system32\ntdsa.dll' - '%%systemroot%%\system32\lsadb.dll' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Download Via Bitsadmin id: d059842b-6b9d-4ed1-b5c3-5b89143c6ede status: test description: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file references: - https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-download-a-file/#bitsadmin - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/22264 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Bitsadmin/ author: Michael Haag, FPT.EagleEye date: 2017-03-09 modified: 2023-02-15 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 - attack.s0190 - attack.t1036.003 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \bitsadmin.exe - OriginalFileName: bitsadmin.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: ' /transfer ' selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: - ' /create ' - ' /addfile ' selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains: http condition: selection_img and (selection_cmd or all of selection_cli_*) falsepositives: - Some legitimate apps use this, but limited. level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_bitsadmin_download/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Windows - BITSAdmin BITS Download technique: T1105 atomic_guid: a1921cd3-9a2d-47d5-a891-f1d0f2a7a31b
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Disable Crypto Hardware
Matching passage: T1600.002 Disable Crypto Hardware. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries disable a network device’s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data. Many network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1600 Weaken Encryption. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key. Adversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device’s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-10059
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10059. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability has been found in s134328 Webapplication-Veganguide and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file p05-integration/app/shared/api/apiService.js. The manipulation of the argument country/city leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is 2aa760fa4e779e40a28206a32ac22ac10356f519. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-218416.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0072. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving an IFRAME element that triggers a redirect, a second IFRAME element that does not trigger a redirect, and an eval of a WindowProxy object, aka "Universal XSS (UXSS)."
Query: write Sigma for Detects the keyboard preload installation with a suspicious keyboard layout, e.g. Chinese, Iranian or Vietnamese layout
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the keyboard preload installation with a suspicious keyboard layout, e.g. Chinese, Iranian or Vietnamese layout. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Suspicious Keyboard Layout Load id: 34aa0252-6039-40ff-951f-939fd6ce47d8 status: test description: Detects the keyboard preload installation with a suspicious keyboard layout, e.g. Chinese, Iranian or Vietnamese layout load in user session on systems maintained by US staff only references: - https://renenyffenegger.ch/notes/Windows/registry/tree/HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Keyboard-Layout/Preload/index - https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config/pull/92/files author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-10-12 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1588.002 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows definition: 'Requirements: Sysmon config that monitors \Keyboard Layout\Preload subkey of the HKLU hives - see https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config/pull/92/files' detection: selection_registry: TargetObject|contains: - \Keyboard Layout\Preload\ - \Keyboard Layout\Substitutes\ Details|contains: - 00000429 - 00050429 - 0000042a condition: selection_registry falsepositives: - Administrators or users that actually use the selected keyboard layouts (heavily depends on the organisation's user base) level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of CSharp interactive console by PowerShell. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Use of CSharp Interactive Console id: a9e416a8-e613-4f8b-88b8-a7d1d1af2f61 status: test description: Detects the execution of CSharp interactive console by PowerShell references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/detecting-attacks-leveraging-the-net-framework/ author: Michael R. (@nahamike01) date: 2020-03-08 modified: 2022-07-14 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1127 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \csi.exe ParentImage|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \powershell_ise.exe OriginalFileName: csi.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Possible depending on environment. Pair with other factors such as net connections, command-line args, etc. level: high