alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux does not properly restrict discovery of memory add
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0357. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux does not properly restrict discovery of memory addresses, which allows attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3040.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6414. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) X8.6 uses the same encryption key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for local users to defeat cryptographic protection mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of a key from another installation, aka Bug ID CSCuw64516.
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or caus
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0330. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0314, CVE-2015-0316, CVE-2015-0318, CVE-2015-0321, and CVE-2015-0329.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0331. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0313, CVE-2015-0315, CVE-2015-0320, and CVE-2015-0322.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. by a non-PowerShell process
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. by a non-PowerShell process. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PowerShell Module File Created By Non-PowerShell Process id: e3845023-ca9a-4024-b2b2-5422156d5527 status: test description: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. by a non-PowerShell process references: - Internal Research - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/developer/module/understanding-a-windows-powershell-module?view=powershell-7.3 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-09 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: - \WindowsPowerShell\Modules\ - \PowerShell\7\Modules\ filter_main_pwsh: Image|endswith: - :\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe - :\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe - :\Windows\System32\poqexec.exe - :\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - :\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\poqexec.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe filter_main_msiexec: Image: - C:\Windows\System32\msiexec.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msiexec.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Revoked Kernel Driver Loaded id: 320fccbf-5e32-4101-82b8-2679c5f007c6 status: test description: Detects the load of a revoked kernel driver references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: - 3021 - 3022 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the wp_ajax_save_item function in wonderpluginaudio.php in the WonderPlugin Audio Player plugin before 2.1 for WordPress allo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2218. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the wp_ajax_save_item function in wonderpluginaudio.php in the WonderPlugin Audio Player plugin before 2.1 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) item[name] or (2) item[customcss] parameter in a wonderplugin_audio_save_item action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php or the itemid parameter in the (3) wonderplugin_audio_show_item or (4) wonderplugin_audio_edit_item page to wp-admin/admin.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1575. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in u5CMS before 3.9.4 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) c, (2) i, (3) l, or (4) p parameter to index.php; the (5) a or (6) b parameter to u5admin/cookie.php; the name parameter to (7) copy.php or (8) delete.php in u5admin/; the (9) f or (10) typ parameter to u5admin/deletefile.php; the (11) n parameter to u5admin/done.php; the (12) c parameter to u5admin/editor.php; the (13) uri parameter to u5admin/meta2.php; the (14) n parameter to u5admin/notdone.php; the (15) newname parameter to u5admin/rename2.php; the (16) l parameter to u5admin/sendfile.php; the (17) s parameter to u5admin/characters.php; the (18) page parameter to u5admin/savepage.php; or the (19) name parameter to u5admin/new2.php.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the REST API in IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 7.5.x through 7.5.1.2, 8.0.x through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, 8.5.5 through 8.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1906. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the REST API in IBM Business Process Manager (BPM) 7.5.x through 7.5.1.2, 8.0.x through 8.0.1.3, 8.5.0 through 8.5.0.1, 8.5.5 through 8.5.5.0, and 8.5.6 through 8.5.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8606. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in SilverStripe CMS & Framework before 3.1.16 and 3.2.x before 3.2.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) Locale or (2) FailedLoginCount parameter to admin/security/EditForm/field/Members/item/new/ItemEditForm.
Query: vulnerability: The CSSFontFaceSrcValue::fetch function in core/css/CSSFontFaceSrcValue.cpp in the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.7
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6762. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. The CSSFontFaceSrcValue::fetch function in core/css/CSSFontFaceSrcValue.cpp in the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 46.0.2490.71, does not use the CORS cross-origin request algorithm when a font's URL appears to be a same-origin URL, which allows remote web servers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via a redirect.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7225. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1032
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1032. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Kiwix before 0.9.1, when using kiwix-serve, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the pattern parameter to /search.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5379. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in actions.hsp in the Ajax WebMail interface in AXIGEN Mail Server before 9.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an email attachment.
Query: vulnerability: SQL injection vulnerability in videogalleryrss.php in the Apptha WordPress Video Gallery (contus-video-gallery) plugin before 2.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2065. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in videogalleryrss.php in the Apptha WordPress Video Gallery (contus-video-gallery) plugin before 2.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the vid parameter in a rss action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2849. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in main.ant in the ANTlabs InnGate firmware on IG 3100, InnGate 3.01 E, InnGate 3.10 E, InnGate 3.10 M, SG 4, and SSG 4 devices, when https is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the ppli parameter.
Query: secure coding against Insecure Automated Optimizations
Matching passage: CWE-1038 Insecure Automated Optimizations. The product uses a mechanism that automatically optimizes code, e.g. to improve a characteristic such as performance, but the optimizations can have an unintended side effect that might violate an intended security assumption.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1427 Improper Neutralization of Input Used for LLM Prompting. The product uses externally-provided data to build prompts provided to large language models (LLMs), but the way these prompts are constructed causes the LLM to fail to distinguish between user-supplied inputs and developer provided system directives.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6271
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6271. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE 2.1.0 through 2.4.3 and 2.5.0 on ASR 1000 devices, when NAT Application Layer Gateway is used, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted SIP packet, aka Bug IDs CSCta74749 and CSCta77008.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1558. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 3.5. Asterisk Open Source 12.x before 12.8.1 and 13.x before 13.1.1, when using the PJSIP channel driver, does not properly reclaim RTP ports, which allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (file descriptor consumption) via an SDP offer containing only incompatible codecs.
Query: vulnerability: Apache Struts before 2.3.20 has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2992. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Apache Struts before 2.3.20 has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0656. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the login page in Cisco Network Analysis Module (NAM) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCum81269.
Query: stealth using Polymorphic Code
Matching passage: T1027.014 Polymorphic Code. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may utilize polymorphic code (also known as metamorphic or mutating code) to evade detection. Polymorphic code is a type of software capable of changing its runtime footprint during code execution.(Citation: polymorphic-blackberry) With each execution of the software, the code is mutated into a different version of itself that achieves the same purpose or objective as the original. This functionality enables the malware to evade traditional signature-based defenses, such as antivirus and antimalware tools.(Citation: polymorphic-sentinelone) Other obfuscation techniques can be used in conjunction with polymorphic code to accomplish the intended effects, including using mutation engines to conduct actions such as [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002), [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010), or [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013).(Citation: polymorphic-linkedin)(Citation: polymorphic-medium)
Near-miss passage: T1027.002 Software Packing. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) Utilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.(Citation: Awesome Executable Packing)
Query: Lateral movement indicators for External Defacement
Matching passage: T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)
Near-miss passage: T1491.001 Internal Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users, thus discrediting the integrity of the systems. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites or server login messages, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Varonis) Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. Since internally defacing systems exposes an adversary's presence, it often takes place after other intrusion goals have been accomplished.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)
Query: indicators of Windows Remote Management
Matching passage: T1021.006 Windows Remote Management. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. WinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014) WinRM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).(Citation: MSDN WMI)
Near-miss passage: T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2336
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2336. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. TPView.dll in VMware Workstation 10.x before 10.0.6 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 6.x before 6.0.6 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 3.2.x before 3.2.1, 3.3.x, and 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not properly allocate memory, which allows guest OS users to execute arbitrary code on the host OS via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-0897.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8003. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. MediaWiki before 1.23.11, 1.24.x before 1.24.4, and 1.25.x before 1.25.3 does not throttle file uploads, which allows remote authenticated users to have unspecified impact via multiple file uploads.
Query: exploit Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) before 8.90.07.X relies on the client to enforce (1) login verification, (2) audit trail creation, and (3) account locking, which allows remote atta
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6744. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) before 8.90.07.X relies on the client to enforce (1) login verification, (2) audit trail creation, and (3) account locking, which allows remote attackers to "disrupt security-critical functions" by "dropping network traffic." NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2015-0942 per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability type and different affected versions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1321. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the file picker implementation in Oxide before 1.6.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted webpage.
Query: explain CWE-1176
Matching passage: CWE-1176 Inefficient CPU Computation. The product performs CPU computations using algorithms that are not as efficient as they could be for the needs of the developer, i.e., the computations can be optimized further.
Near-miss passage: CWE-804 Guessable CAPTCHA. The product uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.
Query: playbook for alert: EDR alert: possible Keylogging (T1056.001)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1056.001 Keylogging. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1056.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: collection, credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successf
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1056 Input Capture. Different response path focused on collection, credential access.
Query: exploit GnuTLS before 3.1.0 does not verify that the RSA PKCS #1 signature algorithm matches the signature algorithm in the certificate, which allows remote attackers to conduct downgrade 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0282. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. GnuTLS before 3.1.0 does not verify that the RSA PKCS #1 signature algorithm matches the signature algorithm in the certificate, which allows remote attackers to conduct downgrade attacks via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9107. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Zoho ManageEngine OpManager 11 through 12.2 uses a custom encryption algorithm to protect the credential used to access the monitored devices. The implemented algorithm doesn't use a per-system key or even a salt; therefore, it's possible to create a universal decryptor.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6928
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6928. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. classes/admin.class.php in CubeCart 5.2.12 through 5.2.16 and 6.x before 6.0.7 does not properly validate that a password reset request was made, which allows remote attackers to change the administrator password via a recovery request with a space character in the validate parameter and the administrator email in the email parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1936. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.0. The administrative console in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.11 and 8.5 before 8.5.5.6, when the Security feature is disabled, allows remote authenticated users to hijack sessions via the JSESSIONID parameter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0397
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0397. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to File System, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-6570 and CVE-2014-6600.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0459. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and JavaFX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to 2D, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0491.
Query: vulnerability: The mp2t_open function in wiretap/mp2t.c in the MP2T file parser in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the bit rate, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8737. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The mp2t_open function in wiretap/mp2t.c in the MP2T file parser in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the bit rate, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (divide-by-zero error and application crash) via a crafted file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8225. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The Joint Photographic Experts Group Processing Unit (JPU) driver in Huawei ALE smartphones with software before ALE-UL00C00B220 and ALE-TL00C01B220 and GEM-703L smartphones with software before V100R001C233B111 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted application with the system or camera permission, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8226.