alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Software Extensions
Matching passage: T1176 Software Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse software extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Software extensions are modular components that enhance or customize the functionality of software applications, including web browsers, Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), and other platforms.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security) Extensions are typically installed via official marketplaces, app stores, or manually loaded by users, and they often inherit the permissions and access levels of the host application. Malicious extensions can be introduced through various methods, including social engineering, compromised marketplaces, or direct installation by users or by adversaries who have already gained access to a system. Malicious extensions can be named similarly or identically to benign extensions in marketplaces. Security mechanisms in extension marketplaces may be insufficient to detect malicious components, allowing adversaries to bypass automated scanners or exploit trust established during the installation process. Adversaries may also abuse benign extensions to achieve their objectives, such as using legitimate functionality to tunnel data or bypass security controls. The modular nature of extensions and their integration with host applications make them an attractive target for adversaries seeking to exploit trusted software ecosystems. Detection can be challenging due to the inherent trust placed in extensions during installation and their ability to blend into normal application workflows.
Near-miss passage: T1176.002 IDE Extensions. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse an integrated development environment (IDE) extension to establish persistent access to victim systems.(Citation: Mnemonic misuse visual studio) IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Eclipse support extensions - software components that add features like code linting, auto-completion, task automation, or integration with tools like Git and Docker. A malicious extension can be installed through an extension marketplace (i.e., [Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001)) or side-loaded directly into the IDE.(Citation: Abramovsky VSCode Security)(Citation: Lakshmanan Visual Studio Marketplace) In addition to installing malicious extensions, adversaries may also leverage benign ones. For example, adversaries may establish persistent SSH tunnels via the use of the VSCode Remote SSH extension (i.e., [IDE Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/001)). Trust is typically established through the installation process; once installed, the malicious extension is run every time that the IDE is launched. The extension can then be used to execute arbitrary code, establish a backdoor, mine cryptocurrency, or exfiltrate data.(Citation: ExtensionTotal VSCode Extensions 2025)
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in wppa-ajax-front.php in the WP Photo Album Plus (aka WPPA) plugin before 6.1.3 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3647. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in wppa-ajax-front.php in the WP Photo Album Plus (aka WPPA) plugin before 6.1.3 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) comemail or (2) comname parameter in a wppa do-comment action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2522. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted content, aka "Microsoft SharePoint XSS Spoofing Vulnerability."
Query: detection engineering for CMSTP
Matching passage: T1218.003 CMSTP. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections. Adversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018) Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) / ”Squiblydoo”, CMSTP.exe may be abused to load and execute DLLs (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) and/or COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018) This execution may also bypass AppLocker and other application control defenses since CMSTP.exe is a legitimate binary that may be signed by Microsoft. CMSTP.exe can also be abused to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) and execute arbitrary commands from a malicious INF through an auto-elevated COM interface. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1218.015 Electron Applications. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse components of the Electron framework to execute malicious code. The Electron framework hosts many common applications such as Signal, Slack, and Microsoft Teams.(Citation: Electron 2) Originally developed by GitHub, Electron is a cross-platform desktop application development framework that employs web technologies like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.(Citation: Electron 3) The Chromium engine is used to display web content and Node.js runs the backend code.(Citation: Electron 1) Due to the functional mechanics of Electron (such as allowing apps to run arbitrary commands), adversaries may also be able to perform malicious functions in the background potentially disguised as legitimate tools within the framework.(Citation: Electron 1) For example, the abuse of `teams.exe` and `chrome.exe` may allow adversaries to execute malicious commands as child processes of the legitimate application (e.g., `chrome.exe --disable-gpu-sandbox --gpu-launcher="C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c calc.exe`).(Citation: Electron 6-8) Adversaries may also execute malicious content by planting malicious [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) within Electron applications.(Citation: Electron Security)
Query: write Sigma for Triggers on any Sysmon "FileBlockShredding" event, which indicates a violation of the configured shredding policy.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Triggers on any Sysmon "FileBlockShredding" event, which indicates a violation of the configured shredding policy.. Logsource: windows / sysmon. Rule: title: Sysmon Blocked File Shredding id: c3e5c1b1-45e9-4632-b242-27939c170239 status: test description: Triggers on any Sysmon "FileBlockShredding" event, which indicates a violation of the configured shredding policy. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon author: frack113 date: 2023-07-20 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: product: windows service: sysmon detection: selection: EventID: 28 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when Rule Collections (Application, NAT, and Network) is being modified or deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Firewall Rule Collection Modified or Deleted id: 025c9fe7-db72-49f9-af0d-31341dd7dd57 status: test description: Identifies when Rule Collections (Application, NAT, and Network) is being modified or deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-08 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.001 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/APPLICATIONRULECOLLECTIONS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/APPLICATIONRULECOLLECTIONS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/NATRULECOLLECTIONS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/NATRULECOLLECTIONS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/NETWORKRULECOLLECTIONS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/AZUREFIREWALLS/NETWORKRULECOLLECTIONS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - Rule Collections (Application, NAT, and Network) being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Rule Collections (Application, NAT, and Network) modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2043
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2043. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Visualware MyConnection Server 8.2b allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) bt, (2) variable, or (3) et parameter to myspeed/db/historyitem.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2031. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Resource Hijacking
Matching passage: T1496 Resource Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. Resource hijacking may take a number of different forms. For example, adversaries may: * Leverage compute resources in order to mine cryptocurrency * Sell network bandwidth to proxy networks * Generate SMS traffic for profit * Abuse cloud-based messaging services to send large quantities of spam messages In some cases, adversaries may leverage multiple types of Resource Hijacking at once.(Citation: Sysdig Cryptojacking Proxyjacking 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1496.004 Cloud Service Hijacking. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage compromised software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact hosted service availability. For example, adversaries may leverage email and messaging services, such as AWS Simple Email Service (SES), AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS), SendGrid, and Twilio, in order to send large quantities of spam / [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails and SMS messages.(Citation: Invictus IR DangerDev 2024)(Citation: Permiso SES Abuse 2023)(Citation: SentinelLabs SNS Sender 2024) Alternatively, they may engage in LLMJacking by leveraging reverse proxies to hijack the power of cloud-hosted AI models.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024)(Citation: Lacework LLMJacking 2024) In some cases, adversaries may leverage services that the victim is already using. In others, particularly when the service is part of a larger cloud platform, they may first enable the service.(Citation: Sysdig LLMJacking 2024) Leveraging SaaS applications may cause the victim to incur significant financial costs, use up service quotas, and otherwise impact availability.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2242
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2242. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Webshop hun 1.062S allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) termid or (2) nyelv_id parameter to index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1517. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.0. SQL injection vulnerability in Piwigo before 2.7.4, when all filters are activated, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the filter_level parameter in a "Refresh photo set" action in the batch_manager page to admin.php.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1419
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1419. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in vsftpd 3.0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions via unknown vectors, related to deny_file parsing.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0545. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. EMC Unisphere for VMAX 8.x before 8.0.3.4 sets up the Java Debugging Wire Protocol (JDWP) service, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: Suspicious Fallback Channels execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1008 Fallback Channels. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.
Near-miss passage: T1568.001 Fast Flux DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1)(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity) The simplest, "single-flux" method, involves registering and de-registering an addresses as part of the DNS A (address) record list for a single DNS name. These registrations have a five-minute average lifespan, resulting in a constant shuffle of IP address resolution.(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity) In contrast, the "double-flux" method registers and de-registers an address as part of the DNS Name Server record list for the DNS zone, providing additional resilience for the connection. With double-flux additional hosts can act as a proxy to the C2 host, further insulating the true source of the C2 channel.
Query: explain CWE-200
Matching passage: CWE-200 Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
Near-miss passage: CWE-153 Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5691
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5691. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in PHP scripts in the management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated an attack against admin_messages.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9393. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. The users-ultra plugin before 1.5.63 for WordPress has XSS via the p_desc parameter.
Query: adversary uses Regsvr32
Matching passage: T1218.010 Regsvr32. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32) Malicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a "Squiblydoo" and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov) Regsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)
Near-miss passage: T1218.008 Odbcconf. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR "C:\Users\Public\file.dll"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)
Query: risk of ARC 5.21q allows directory traversal via a full pathname in an archive file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9275. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. ARC 5.21q allows directory traversal via a full pathname in an archive file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4461. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.5. Absolute path traversal vulnerability in eFront CMS 3.6.15.4 and earlier allows remote Professor users to obtain sensitive information via a full pathname in the other parameter.
Query: exploit Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in WebGate eDVR Manager and Control Center allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors to the (1) TCPDiscover or 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2100. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in WebGate eDVR Manager and Control Center allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors to the (1) TCPDiscover or (2) TCPDiscover2 function in the WESPDiscovery.WESPDiscoveryCtrl.1 control.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7892. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the m2m1shot_compat_ioctl32 function in the Samsung m2m1shot driver framework, as used in Samsung S6 Edge, allows local users to have unspecified impact via a large data.buf_out.num_planes value in an ioctl call.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3271
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3271. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Apache Tika server (aka tika-server) in Apache Tika 1.9 might allow remote attackers to read arbitrary files via the HTTP fileUrl header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1857. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The odl-mdsal-apidocs feature in OpenDaylight Helium allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging missing AAA restrictions.
Query: detect Detects .NET Framework CLR and .NET Core CLR "cor_enable_profiling" and "cor_profiler" variables being set and configure in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects .NET Framework CLR and .NET Core CLR "cor_enable_profiling" and "cor_profiler" variables being set and configure. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Enabling COR Profiler Environment Variables id: ad89044a-8f49-4673-9a55-cbd88a1b374f status: test description: Detects .NET Framework CLR and .NET Core CLR "cor_enable_profiling" and "cor_profiler" variables being set and configured. references: - https://twitter.com/jamieantisocial/status/1304520651248668673 - https://www.slideshare.net/JamieWilliams130/started-from-the-bottom-exploiting-data-sources-to-uncover-attck-behaviors - https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/runtime-config/debugging-profiling author: Jose Rodriguez (@Cyb3rPandaH), OTR (Open Threat Research), Jimmy Bayne (@bohops) date: 2020-09-10 modified: 2023-11-24 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.012 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection_1: TargetObject|endswith: - \COR_ENABLE_PROFILING - \COR_PROFILER - \CORECLR_ENABLE_PROFILING selection_2: TargetObject|contains: \CORECLR_PROFILER_PATH condition: 1 of selection_* level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line i. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell XML Execute Command id: 6c6c6282-7671-4fe9-a0ce-a2dcebdc342b status: test description: 'Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1059.001/T1059.001.md#atomic-test-8---powershell-xml-requests author: frack113 date: 2022-01-19 modified: 2023-01-19 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_xml: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - New-Object - System.Xml.XmlDocument - .Load selection_exec: ScriptBlockText|contains: - 'IEX ' - 'Invoke-Expression ' - 'Invoke-Command ' - ICM - condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1706. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1658, CVE-2015-1711, CVE-2015-1717, and CVE-2015-1718.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2372. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. vbscript.dll in Microsoft VBScript 5.6 through 5.8, as used with Internet Explorer 6 through 11 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "VBScript Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5815
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5815. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iTunes before 12.3, allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via vectors related to iTunes Store browsing, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4932. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4931, CVE-2015-4933, CVE-2015-4934, and CVE-2015-4935.