alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: incident response steps for Multiple failed authentications followed by Fast Flux DNS
Matching passage: Playbook for T1568.001 Fast Flux DNS. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1568.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Cita
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1568 Dynamic Resolution. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: stealth using MMC
Matching passage: T1218.014 MMC. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microsoft and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, and save custom consoles that contain administrative tools created by Microsoft, called snap-ins. These snap-ins may be used to manage Windows systems locally or remotely. MMC can also be used to open Microsoft created .msc files to manage system configuration.(Citation: win_msc_files_overview) For example, <code>mmc C:\Users\foo\admintools.msc /a</code> will open a custom, saved console msc file in author mode.(Citation: win_mmc) Another common example is <code>mmc gpedit.msc</code>, which will open the Group Policy Editor application window. Adversaries may use MMC commands to perform malicious tasks. For example, <code>mmc wbadmin.msc delete catalog -quiet</code> deletes the backup catalog on the system (i.e. [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)) without prompts to the user (Note: <code>wbadmin.msc</code> may only be present by default on Windows Server operating systems).(Citation: win_wbadmin_delete_catalog)(Citation: phobos_virustotal) Adversaries may also abuse MMC to execute malicious .msc files. For example, adversaries may first create a malicious registry Class Identifier (CLSID) subkey, which uniquely identifies a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) class object.(Citation: win_clsid_key) Then, adversaries may create custom consoles with the “Link to Web Address” snap-in that is linked to the malicious CLSID subkey.(Citation: mmc_vulns) Once the .msc file is saved, adversaries may invoke the malicious CLSID payload with the following command: <code>mmc.exe -Embedding C:\path\to\test.msc</code>.(Citation: abusing_com_reg)
Near-miss passage: T1218.007 Msiexec. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) The Msiexec.exe binary may also be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it may be signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of WebBrowserPassView.exe. A password recovery tool that reveals the passwords stored by the follo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - WebBrowserPassView Execution id: d0dae994-26c6-4d2d-83b5-b3c8b79ae513 status: test description: Detects the execution of WebBrowserPassView.exe. A password recovery tool that reveals the passwords stored by the following Web browsers, Internet Explorer (Version 4.0 - 11.0), Mozilla Firefox (All Versions), Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1555.003/T1555.003.md author: frack113 date: 2022-08-20 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1555.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Description: Web Browser Password Viewer - Image|endswith: \WebBrowserPassView.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the password policy is enumerated.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Password Policy Enumerated id: 12ba6a38-adb3-4d6b-91ba-a7fb248e3199 status: test description: Detects when the password policy is enumerated. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4661 - https://github.com/jpalanco/alienvault-ossim/blob/f74359c0c027e42560924b5cff25cdf121e5505a/os-sim/agent/src/ParserUtil.py#L951 author: Zach Mathis date: 2023-05-19 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1201 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: dfd8c0f4-e6ad-4e07-b91b-f2fca0ddef64 detection: selection: EventID: 4661 AccessList|contains: '%%5392' ObjectServer: Security Account Manager condition: selection level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0416
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0416. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Roles & Privileges.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6015. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.5.0, 8.5.1, and 8.5.2 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Outside In Filters, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4808, CVE-2015-6013, CVE-2015-6014, and CVE-2016-0432. NOTE: the previous information is from the January 2016 CPU. Oracle has not commented on third-party claims that this issue is a stack-based buffer overflow in Oracle Outside In 8.5.2 and earlier, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Paradox DB file.
Query: what is T1601
Matching passage: T1601 Modify System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file. To change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it. This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.
Near-miss passage: T1601.001 Patch System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of the Dead) Some network devices are built with a monolithic architecture, where the entire operating system and most of the functionality of the device is contained within a single file. Adversaries may change this file in storage, to be loaded in a future boot, or in memory during runtime. To change the operating system in storage, the adversary will typically use the standard procedures available to device operators. This may involve downloading a new file via typical protocols used on network devices, such as TFTP, FTP, SCP, or a console connection. The original file may be overwritten, or a new file may be written alongside of it and the device reconfigured to boot to the compromised image. To change the operating system in memory, the adversary typically can use one of two methods. In the first, the adversary would make use of native debug commands in the original, unaltered running operating system that allow them to directly modify the relevant memory addresses containing the running operating system. This method typically requires administrative level access to the device. In the second method for changing the operating system in memory, the adversary would make use of the boot loader. The boot loader is the first piece of software that loads when the device starts that, in turn, will launch the operating system. Adversaries may use malicious code previously implanted in the boot loader, such as through the [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) method, to directly manipulate running operating system code in memory. This malicious code in the bootloader provides the capability of direct memory manipulation to the adversary,
Query: describe CVE-2015-2408
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2408. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1767 and CVE-2015-2401.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5938. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. ImageIO in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via crafted metadata in an image.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2087
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2087. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Avatar Uploader module before 6.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a file with a PHP extension, then accessing it via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0491. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and Java FX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to 2D, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0459.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4133
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4133. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in admin/scripts/FileUploader/php.php in the ReFlex Gallery plugin before 3.1.4 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a file with a PHP extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in uploads/ directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8327. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in util.c in foomatic-rip in cups-filters 1.0.42 before 1.2.0 and in foomatic-filters in Foomatic 4.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via ` (backtick) characters in a print job.
Query: Sigma YAML for macos / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the macOS Script Editor utility spawns an unusual child process.. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Execution via macOS Script Editor id: 6e4dcdd1-e48b-42f7-b2d8-3b413fc58cb4 status: test description: Detects when the macOS Script Editor utility spawns an unusual child process. author: Tim Rauch (rule), Elastic (idea) references: - https://github.com/elastic/protections-artifacts/commit/746086721fd385d9f5c6647cada1788db4aea95f#diff-7f541fbc4a4a28a92970e8bf53effea5bd934604429112c920affb457f5b2685 - https://wojciechregula.blog/post/macos-red-teaming-initial-access-via-applescript-url/ date: 2022-10-21 modified: 2022-12-28 logsource: category: process_creation product: macos tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1566 - attack.t1566.002 - attack.initial-access - attack.t1059 - attack.t1059.002 - attack.t1204 - attack.t1204.001 - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1553 detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: /Script Editor selection_img: - Image|endswith: - /curl - /bash - /sh - /zsh - /dash - /fish - /osascript - /mktemp - /chmod - /php - /nohup - /openssl - /plutil - /PlistBuddy - /xattr - /sqlite - /funzip - /popen - Image|contains: - python - perl condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Windows shells and scripting applications that write files to suspicious folders. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Windows Shell/Scripting Application File Write to Suspicious Folder id: 1277f594-a7d1-4f28-a2d3-73af5cbeab43 status: test description: Detects Windows shells and scripting applications that write files to suspicious folders references: - Internal Research author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-11-20 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection_1: Image|endswith: - \bash.exe - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \msbuild.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \sh.exe - \wscript.exe TargetFilename|startswith: - C:\PerfLogs\ - C:\Users\Public\ selection_2: Image|endswith: - \certutil.exe - \forfiles.exe - \mshta.exe - \schtasks.exe - \scriptrunner.exe - \wmic.exe TargetFilename|contains: - C:\PerfLogs\ - C:\Users\Public\ - C:\Windows\Temp\ condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects piping the password to an anydesk instance via CMD and the '--set-password' flag.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - AnyDesk Piped Password Via CLI id: b1377339-fda6-477a-b455-ac0923f9ec2c status: test description: Detects piping the password to an anydesk instance via CMD and the '--set-password' flag. references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/misbehaving-rats/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-28 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '/c ' - 'echo ' - .exe --set-password condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate piping of the password to anydesk - Some FP could occur with similar tools that uses the same command line '--set-password' level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a Keyvault Key is modified or deleted in Azure.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Keyvault Key Modified or Deleted id: 80eeab92-0979-4152-942d-96749e11df40 status: test description: Identifies when a Keyvault Key is modified or deleted in Azure. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-16 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552 - attack.t1552.001 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/UPDATE/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/CREATE - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/CREATE/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/IMPORT/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/RECOVER/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/RESTORE/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/BACKUP/ACTION - MICROSOFT.KEYVAULT/VAULTS/KEYS/PURGE/ACTION condition: selection falsepositives: - Key being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Key modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-7337
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7337. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The editor in IPython Notebook before 3.2.2 and Jupyter Notebook 4.0.x before 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code via a crafted file, which triggers a redirect to files/, related to MIME types.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7211. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 mishandles the # (number sign) character in a data: URI, which allows remote attackers to spoof web sites via unspecified vectors.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Compromise Hardware Supply Chain
Matching passage: T1195.003 Compromise Hardware Supply Chain. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.
Near-miss passage: T1195.001 Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function properly. Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications, such as pip and NPM packages, may be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)(Citation: Bitdefender NPM Repositories Compromised 2021)(Citation: MANDVI Malicious npm and PyPI Packages Disguised) This may also include abandoned packages, which in some cases could be re-registered by threat actors after being removed by adversaries.(Citation: The Hacker News PyPi Revival Hijack 2024) Adversaries may also employ "typosquatting" or name-confusion by choosing names similar to existing popular libraries or packages in order to deceive a user.(Citation: Ahmed Backdoors in Python and NPM Packages)(Citation: Meyer PyPI Supply Chain Attack Uncovered)(Citation: Checkmarx-oss-seo) Additionally, CI/CD pipeline components, such as GitHub Actions, may be targeted in order to gain access to the building, testing, and deployment cycles of an application.(Citation: Unit 42 Palo Alto GitHub Actions Supply Chain Attack 2025) By adding malicious code into a GitHub action, a threat actor may be able to collect runtime credentials (e.g., via [Proc Filesystem](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/007)) or insert further malicious components into the build pipelines for a second-order supply chain compromise.(Citation: OWASP CICD-SEC-4) As GitHub Actions are often dependent on other GitHub Actions, threat actors may be able to infect a large number of repositories via the compromise of a single Action.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks GitHub Actions Worm 2023) Targeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7273
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7273. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Dell Integrated Remote Access Controller (iDRAC) 7/8 before 2.21.21.21 has XXE.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8866. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.600000381469727. ext/libxml/libxml.c in PHP before 5.5.22 and 5.6.x before 5.6.6, when PHP-FPM is used, does not isolate each thread from libxml_disable_entity_loader changes in other threads, which allows remote attackers to conduct XML External Entity (XXE) and XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attacks via a crafted XML document, a related issue to CVE-2015-5161.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3296
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3296. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in NodeBB before 0.7 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to (1) javascript: or (2) data: URLs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0891. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Maroyaka CGI Maroyaka Simple Board allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: EDR alert: possible TFTP Boot (T1542.005)
Matching passage: T1542.005 TFTP Boot. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse netbooting to load an unauthorized network device operating system from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. TFTP boot (netbooting) is commonly used by network administrators to load configuration-controlled network device images from a centralized management server. Netbooting is one option in the boot sequence and can be used to centralize, manage, and control device images. Adversaries may manipulate the configuration on the network device specifying use of a malicious TFTP server, which may be used in conjunction with [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to load a modified image on device startup or reset. The unauthorized image allows adversaries to modify device configuration, add malicious capabilities to the device, and introduce backdoors to maintain control of the network device while minimizing detection through use of a standard functionality. This technique is similar to [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) and may result in the network device running a modified image. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Near-miss passage: T1542.001 System Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer.(Citation: Wikipedia BIOS)(Citation: Wikipedia UEFI)(Citation: About UEFI) System firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.