alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: CRLF injection vulnerability in IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2028. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. CRLF injection vulnerability in IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2767. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Websense TRITON AP-EMAIL before 8.0.0 has unknown impact and attack vectors, related to "Autocomplete Enabled."
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Reference Data Management (RDM) in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management 10.1, 11.0 before FP5, 11.3, 11.4, and 11.5 before FP1 allows r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7492. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Reference Data Management (RDM) in IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management 10.1, 11.0 before FP5, 11.3, 11.4, and 11.5 before FP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9407. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The xpinner-lite plugin through 2.2 for WordPress has xpinner-lite.php XSS.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7556
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7556. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. DeleGate 9.9.13 allows local users to gain privileges as demonstrated by the dgcpnod setuid program.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8032. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. In Textpattern 4.5.7, an unprivileged author can change an article's markup setting.
Query: campaign using SVG Smuggling
Matching passage: T1027.017 SVG Smuggling. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign SVG files.(Citation: Trustwave SVG Smuggling 2025) SVGs, or Scalable Vector Graphics, are vector-based image files constructed using XML. As such, they can legitimately include `<script>` tags that enable adversaries to include malicious JavaScript payloads. However, SVGs may appear less suspicious to users than other types of executable files, as they are often treated as image files. SVG smuggling can take a number of forms. For example, threat actors may include content that: * Assembles malicious payloads(Citation: Talos SVG Smuggling 2022) * Downloads malicious payloads(Citation: Cofense SVG Smuggling 2024) * Redirects users to malicious websites(Citation: Bleeping Computer SVG Smuggling 2024) * Displays interactive content to users, such as fake login forms and download buttons.(Citation: Bleeping Computer SVG Smuggling 2024) SVG Smuggling may be used in conjunction with [HTML Smuggling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/006) where an SVG with a malicious payload is included inside an HTML file.(Citation: Talos SVG Smuggling 2022) SVGs may also be included in other types of documents, such as PDFs.
Near-miss passage: T1027.014 Polymorphic Code. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may utilize polymorphic code (also known as metamorphic or mutating code) to evade detection. Polymorphic code is a type of software capable of changing its runtime footprint during code execution.(Citation: polymorphic-blackberry) With each execution of the software, the code is mutated into a different version of itself that achieves the same purpose or objective as the original. This functionality enables the malware to evade traditional signature-based defenses, such as antivirus and antimalware tools.(Citation: polymorphic-sentinelone) Other obfuscation techniques can be used in conjunction with polymorphic code to accomplish the intended effects, including using mutation engines to conduct actions such as [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002), [Command Obfuscation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010), or [Encrypted/Encoded File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013).(Citation: polymorphic-linkedin)(Citation: polymorphic-medium)
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Email Hiding Rules
Matching passage: T1564.008 Email Hiding Rules. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within email clients or through external features such as the <code>New-InboxRule</code> or <code>Set-InboxRule</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets on Windows systems.(Citation: Microsoft Inbox Rules)(Citation: MacOS Email Rules)(Citation: Microsoft New-InboxRule)(Citation: Microsoft Set-InboxRule) Adversaries may utilize email rules within a compromised user's mailbox to delete and/or move emails to less noticeable folders. Adversaries may do this to hide security alerts, C2 communication, or responses to [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534) emails sent from the compromised account. Any user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) may be able to create rules to automatically move or delete emails. These rules can be abused to impair/delay detection had the email content been immediately seen by a user or defender. Malicious rules commonly filter out emails based on key words (such as <code>malware</code>, <code>suspicious</code>, <code>phish</code>, and <code>hack</code>) found in message bodies and subject lines. (Citation: Microsoft Cloud App Security) In some environments, administrators may be able to enable email rules that operate organization-wide rather than on individual inboxes. For example, Microsoft Exchange supports transport rules that evaluate all mail an organization receives against user-specified conditions, then performs a user-specified action on mail that adheres to those conditions.(Citation: Microsoft Mail Flow Rules 2023) Adversaries that abuse such features may be able to automatically modify or delete all emails related to specific topics (such as i
Near-miss passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Terminal Services DLL
Matching passage: T1505.005 Terminal Services DLL. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse components of Terminal Services to enable persistent access to systems. Microsoft Terminal Services, renamed to Remote Desktop Services in some Windows Server OSs as of 2022, enable remote terminal connections to hosts. Terminal Services allows servers to transmit a full, interactive, graphical user interface to clients via RDP.(Citation: Microsoft Remote Desktop Services) [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003)s that are run as a "generic" process (ex: <code>svchost.exe</code>) load the service's DLL file, the location of which is stored in a Registry entry named <code>ServiceDll</code>.(Citation: Microsoft System Services Fundamentals) The <code>termsrv.dll</code> file, typically stored in `%SystemRoot%\System32\`, is the default <code>ServiceDll</code> value for Terminal Services in `HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\services\TermService\Parameters\`. Adversaries may modify and/or replace the Terminal Services DLL to enable persistent access to victimized hosts.(Citation: James TermServ DLL) Modifications to this DLL could be done to execute arbitrary payloads (while also potentially preserving normal <code>termsrv.dll</code> functionality) as well as to simply enable abusable features of Terminal Services. For example, an adversary may enable features such as concurrent [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) sessions by either patching the <code>termsrv.dll</code> file or modifying the <code>ServiceDll</code> value to point to a DLL that provides increased RDP functionality.(Citation: Windows OS Hub RDP)(Citation: RDPWrap Github) On a non-server Windows OS this increased functionality may also enable an adversary to avoid Terminal Services prompts that warn/log out users of a system when a new RDP session is created.
Near-miss passage: T1505.003 Web Shell. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) In addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (e.g. [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8816
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8816. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The hub_activate function in drivers/usb/core/hub.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3.5 does not properly maintain a hub-interface data structure, which allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory access and system crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact by unplugging a USB hub device.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4824. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1094
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1094. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. IOAcceleratorFamily in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information about kernel memory via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6586. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The mDNS module in Huawei WLAN AC6005, AC6605, and ACU2 devices with software before V200R006C00SPC100 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging failure to restrict processing of mDNS unicast queries to the link local network.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6743
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6743. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 6.5. Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) 8.90.07.X uses a hardcoded password for an unspecified account, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging knowledge of this password. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2015-0942 per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability types and different affected versions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2874. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Seagate GoFlex Satellite, Seagate Wireless Mobile Storage, Seagate Wireless Plus Mobile Storage, and LaCie FUEL devices with firmware before 3.4.1.105 have a default password of root for the root account, which allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a TELNET session.
Query: detection rule: Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - New VPN SSL Web Portal Added id: 2bfb6216-0c31-4d20-8501-2629b29a3fa2 status: experimental description: 'Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with modification of VPN SSL settings. ' references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/113121765/config-vpn-ssl-web-portal - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: vpn.ssl.web.portal condition: selection falsepositives: - A VPN SSL Web Portal can be added for legitimate purposes. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the injection of code by overwriting the memory map of a Linux process using the "dd" Linux command.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Linux Process Code Injection Via DD Utility id: 4cad6c64-d6df-42d6-8dae-eb78defdc415 status: test description: Detects the injection of code by overwriting the memory map of a Linux process using the "dd" Linux command. references: - https://www.aon.com/cyber-solutions/aon_cyber_labs/linux-based-inter-process-code-injection-without-ptrace2/ - https://github.com/AonCyberLabs/Cexigua/blob/34d338620afae4c6335ba8d8d499e1d7d3d5d7b5/overwrite.sh author: Joseph Kamau date: 2023-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055.009 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /dd CommandLine|contains|all: - of= - /proc/ - /mem condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: CWE for Incorrect Calculation
Matching passage: CWE-682 Incorrect Calculation. The product performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1115 Source Code Element without Standard Prologue. The source code contains elements such as source files that do not consistently provide a prologue or header that has been standardized for the project.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Steganography
Matching passage: T1001.002 Steganography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control.
Near-miss passage: T1001 Data Obfuscation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020) Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the communication less conspicuous and hide commands from being seen. This encompasses many methods, such as adding junk data to protocol traffic, using steganography, or impersonating legitimate protocols.
Query: campaign using Native API
Matching passage: T1106 Native API. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Linux Kernel API) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations. Adversaries may abuse these OS API functions as a means of executing behaviors. Similar to [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), the native API and its hierarchy of interfaces provide mechanisms to interact with and utilize various components of a victimized system. Native API functions (such as <code>NtCreateProcess</code>) may be directed invoked via system calls / syscalls, but these features are also often exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries.(Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: CyberBit System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls) For example, functions such as the Windows API <code>CreateProcess()</code> or GNU <code>fork()</code> will allow programs and scripts to start other processes.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: GNU Fork) This may allow API callers to execute a binary, run a CLI command, load modules, etc. as thousands of similar API functions exist for various system operations.(Citation: Microsoft Win32)(Citation: LIBC)(Citation: GLIBC) Higher level software frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET and macOS Cocoa, are also available to interact with native APIs. These frameworks typically provide language wrappers/abstractions to API functionalities and are designed for ease-of-use/portability of code.(Citation: Microsoft NET)(Citation: Apple Core Services)(Citation: MACOS Cocoa)(Citation: macOS Foundation) Adversaries may use assembly to directly or in-directly invoke syscalls
Near-miss passage: T1059.006 Python. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020) Python comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6027
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6027. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Castle Rock Computing SNMPc before 2015-12-17 has XSS via SNMP.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3385. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Path module before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "Link to path" field formatter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4275
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4275. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The Packet Data Network Gateway (aka PGW) component on Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 18.0.0.59167 and 18.0.0.59211 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a malformed header in a GTPv2 packet, aka Bug ID CSCut11534.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0063. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3; the proofing tools in Office 2010 SP2; Excel 2010 SP2; Excel 2013 Gold, SP1, and RT; Excel Viewer; and Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Query: write Sigma for Detects the usage of SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe to disable Windows Defender. SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe is a legitim
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe to disable Windows Defender. SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe is a legitim. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Windows Defender Disabled Via SystemSettingsAdminFlows.EXE id: da92713f-ca2d-4fab-8320-098013d3f43a status: experimental description: 'Detects the usage of SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe to disable Windows Defender. SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe is a legitimate Windows component used for administrative configuration tasks. However, attackers may abuse it to disable Windows Defender as part of their attack chain, especially in the context of ransomware or other malware campaigns. ' references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2026/02/23/apache-activemq-exploit-leads-to-lockbit-ransomware/ - https://www.huntress.com/blog/lolbin-to-inc-ransomware tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 author: Chirag Damani (KPMG India), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-07-01 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_ssaf_img: - Image|endswith: \SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe - OriginalFileName: SystemSettingsAdminFlows.EXE selection_ssaf_cli: CommandLine|contains: defender selection_cli_enable_opt: CommandLine|contains: - 'RTP ' - 'RealTimeProtection ' - 'DisableEnhancedNotifications ' selection_cli_enable_value: CommandLine|contains: '1' selection_cli_disable_opt: CommandLine|contains: - 'SubmitSamplesConsent ' - 'SpyNetReporting ' - 'DisableCDPUserAuthPolicy ' selection_cli_disable_value: CommandLine|contains: '0' condition: all of selection_ssaf_* and (all of selection_cli_enable_* or all of selection_cli_disable_*) falsepositives: - Legitimate turn off of Windows Defender by the technical users or administrators for troubleshooting or other purposes. level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_lolbin_systemsettingsadminflows_defender_disable/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION - PowerShell id: 20e5497e-331c-4cd5-8d36-935f6e2a9a07 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_4104: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii ScriptBlockText|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader ScriptBlockText|endswith: readtoend condition: selection_4104 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-3785
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3785. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. The Telephony component in Apple OS X before 10.11, when the Continuity feature is enabled, allows local users to bypass intended telephone-call restrictions via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5581. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5570, CVE-2015-5574, CVE-2015-5584, and CVE-2015-6682.