alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: how to detect Login Hook
Matching passage: T1037.002 Login Hook. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use a Login Hook to establish persistence executed upon user logon. A login hook is a plist file that points to a specific script to execute with root privileges upon user logon. The plist file is located in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file and can be modified using the <code>defaults</code> command-line utility. This behavior is the same for logout hooks where a script can be executed upon user logout. All hooks require administrator permissions to modify or create hooks.(Citation: Login Scripts Apple Dev)(Citation: LoginWindowScripts Apple Dev) Adversaries can add or insert a path to a malicious script in the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file, using the <code>LoginHook</code> or <code>LogoutHook</code> key-value pair. The malicious script is executed upon the next user login. If a login hook already exists, adversaries can add additional commands to an existing login hook. There can be only one login and logout hook on a system at a time.(Citation: S1 macOs Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter) **Note:** Login hooks were deprecated in 10.11 version of macOS in favor of [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)
Near-miss passage: T1037.003 Network Logon Script. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems. Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7372
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7372. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in delivery-dev/al.php in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the layerstyle parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4153. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in the zM Ajax Login & Register plugin before 1.1.0 for WordPress allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary php files via a relative path in the template parameter in a load_template action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2616
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2616. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 3.3 and 4.2 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to DevFS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0364. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Core - EAI component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1 and 8.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Integration Business Services.
Query: common weakness: Insufficient Precision or Accuracy of a Real Number
Matching passage: CWE-1339 Insufficient Precision or Accuracy of a Real Number. The product processes a real number with an implementation in which the number's representation does not preserve required accuracy and precision in its fractional part, causing an incorrect result.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1269 Product Released in Non-Release Configuration. The product released to market is released in pre-production or manufacturing configuration.
Query: write Sigma for Detects potential DLL sideloading of "dbghelp.dll"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "dbghelp.dll". Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential DLL Sideloading Of DBGHELP.DLL id: 6414b5cd-b19d-447e-bb5e-9f03940b5784 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "dbghelp.dll" references: - https://hijacklibs.net/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Wietze Beukema (project and research) date: 2022-10-25 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \dbghelp.dll filter_main_generic: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\ - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SystemTemp\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ filter_optional_anaconda: ImageLoaded|endswith: - \Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\vtrace\platforms\windll\amd64\dbghelp.dll - \Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\vtrace\platforms\windll\i386\dbghelp.dll filter_optional_epicgames: ImageLoaded|endswith: - \Epic Games\Launcher\Engine\Binaries\ThirdParty\DbgHelp\dbghelp.dll - \Epic Games\MagicLegends\x86\dbghelp.dll filter_optional_opera: ImageLoaded|contains: opera\Opera Installer Temp\opera_package ImageLoaded|endswith: \assistant\dbghelp.dll condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Legitimate applications loading their own versions of the DLL mentioned in this rule level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects launch of executable by calling the LaunchApplication function from pcwutl.dll library.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Code Execution via Pcwutl.dll id: 9386d78a-7207-4048-9c9f-a93a7c2d1c05 status: test description: Detects launch of executable by calling the LaunchApplication function from pcwutl.dll library. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Libraries/Pcwutl/ - https://twitter.com/harr0ey/status/989617817849876488 author: Julia Fomina, oscd.community date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.011 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - pcwutl - LaunchApplication condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Use of Program Compatibility Troubleshooter Helper level: medium
Query: risk of The nsTSubstring::ReplacePrep function in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2, and Firefox OS before 2.2 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of ser
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4487. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The nsTSubstring::ReplacePrep function in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2, and Firefox OS before 2.2 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, related to an "overflow."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6146. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6145.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5118
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5118. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3135 and CVE-2015-4432.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5807. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Query: risk of Multiple integer overflows in the kernel mode driver for the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R340 before 341.92, R352 before 354.35, and R358 before 358.87 on Windows and R304 before 30
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7869. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Multiple integer overflows in the kernel mode driver for the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R340 before 341.92, R352 before 354.35, and R358 before 358.87 on Windows and R304 before 304.131, R340 before 340.96, R352 before 352.63, and R358 before 358.16 on Linux allow local users to obtain sensitive information, cause a denial of service (crash), or possibly gain privileges via unknown vectors, which trigger uninitialized or out of bounds memory access. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability type and affected versions. See CVE-2015-8328 for the vulnerability in the NVAPI support layer in NVIDIA drivers for Windows.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8540. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Integer underflow in the png_check_keyword function in pngwutil.c in libpng 0.90 through 0.99, 1.0.x before 1.0.66, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.56, 1.3.x and 1.4.x before 1.4.19, and 1.5.x before 1.5.26 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via a space character as a keyword in a PNG image, which triggers an out-of-bounds read.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the presence of "UWhRC....AAYBAAAA" pattern in command line. The pattern "1UWhRCAAAAA..BAAAA" is a base64-encode
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of "UWhRC....AAYBAAAA" pattern in command line. The pattern "1UWhRCAAAAA..BAAAA" is a base64-encode. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Attempts of Kerberos Coercion Via DNS SPN Spoofing id: 0ed99dda-6a35-11ef-8c99-0242ac120002 related: - id: b07e58cf-cacc-4135-8473-ccb2eba63dd2 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects the presence of "UWhRC....AAYBAAAA" pattern in command line. The pattern "1UWhRCAAAAA..BAAAA" is a base64-encoded signature that corresponds to a marshaled CREDENTIAL_TARGET_INFORMATION structure. Attackers can use this technique to coerce authentication from victim systems to attacker-controlled hosts. It is one of the strong indicators of a Kerberos coercion attack, where adversaries manipulate DNS records to spoof Service Principal Names (SPNs) and redirect authentication requests like in CVE-2025-33073. If you see this pattern in the command line, it is likely an attempt to add spoofed Service Principal Names (SPNs) to DNS records, or checking for the presence of such records through the `nslookup` command. ' references: - https://www.synacktiv.com/publications/ntlm-reflection-is-dead-long-live-ntlm-reflection-an-in-depth-analysis-of-cve-2025 - https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/10/using-kerberos-for-authentication-relay.html author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-06-20 tags: - attack.collection - attack.credential-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1557.001 - attack.t1187 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - UWhRCA - BAAAA condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the modification of the registry to disable a system restore on the computer. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Registry Disable System Restore id: 5de03871-5d46-4539-a82d-3aa992a69a83 related: - id: 7c06ab9b-b1d2-4ba9-b06e-09491ded20d9 type: similar status: test description: Detects the modification of the registry to disable a system restore on the computer references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1490/T1490.md#atomic-test-9---disable-system-restore-through-registry author: frack113 date: 2022-04-04 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\SystemRestore - \Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SystemRestore TargetObject|endswith: - DisableConfig - DisableSR Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_disable_system_restore/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Disable System Restore Through Registry technique: T1490 atomic_guid: 66e647d1-8741-4e43-b7c1-334760c2047f
Query: write Sigma for Detects Obfuscated Powershell via RUNDLL LAUNCHER
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via RUNDLL LAUNCHER. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation RUNDLL LAUNCHER - PowerShell Module id: a23791fe-8846-485a-b16b-ca691e1b03d4 related: - id: e6cb92b4-b470-4eb8-8a9d-d63e8583aae0 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via RUNDLL LAUNCHER references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_4103: Payload|contains|all: - rundll32.exe - shell32.dll - shellexec_rundll - powershell condition: selection_4103 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of special strings/null bits in order to potentially bypass AMSI functionalities. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential AMSI Bypass Script Using NULL Bits id: fa2559c8-1197-471d-9cdd-05a0273d4522 related: - id: 92a974db-ab84-457f-9ec0-55db83d7a825 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of special strings/null bits in order to potentially bypass AMSI functionalities references: - https://github.com/r00t-3xp10it/hacking-material-books/blob/43cb1e1932c16ff1f58b755bc9ab6b096046853f/obfuscation/simple_obfuscation.md#amsi-bypass-using-null-bits-satoshi author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-04 modified: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - if(0){{{0}}}' -f $(0 -as [char]) + - '#<NULL>' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit Huawei Sophia-L10 smartphones with software before P7-L10C900B852 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (system panic) via a crafted application with the system or camera pr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8305. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. Huawei Sophia-L10 smartphones with software before P7-L10C900B852 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (system panic) via a crafted application with the system or camera privilege.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3830. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. The stock Android browser address bar in all Android operating systems suffers from Address Bar Spoofing, which allows remote attackers to trick a victim by displaying a malicious page for legitimate domain names.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3731
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3731. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5775. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. FontParser in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3804 and CVE-2015-5756.
Query: weakness Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
Matching passage: CWE-312 Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information. The product stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.
Near-miss passage: CWE-483 Incorrect Block Delimitation. The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.
Query: exploit CFNetwork HTTPProtocol in Apple iOS before 9.2 and OS X before 10.11.2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass the HSTS protection mechanism via a crafted URL.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7094. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. CFNetwork HTTPProtocol in Apple iOS before 9.2 and OS X before 10.11.2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass the HSTS protection mechanism via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9207. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, and SD 810, lack of input validation in playready_getadditional_responsedata could lead to a buffer overread.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects uncommon child processes spawning from "sigverif.exe", which could indicate potential abuse of the latter as a l. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon Sigverif.EXE Child Process id: 7d4aaec2-08ed-4430-8b96-28420e030e04 status: test description: 'Detects uncommon child processes spawning from "sigverif.exe", which could indicate potential abuse of the latter as a living of the land binary in order to proxy execution. ' references: - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2018/04/27/i-shot-the-sigverif-exe-the-gui-based-lolbin/ - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1457676633809330184 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2024-08-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1216 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \sigverif.exe filter_main_werfault: Image: - C:\Windows\System32\WerFault.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WerFault.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell scripts to set the ACL to a file in the Windows folder. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PowerShell Set-Acl On Windows Folder id: 0944e002-e3f6-4eb5-bf69-3a3067b53d73 related: - id: cae80281-ef23-44c5-873b-fd48d2666f49 type: derived - id: bdeb2cff-af74-4094-8426-724dc937f20a type: derived - id: 3bf1d859-3a7e-44cb-8809-a99e066d3478 type: derived status: test description: Detects PowerShell scripts to set the ACL to a file in the Windows folder references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/set-acl?view=powershell-5.1 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/74438b0237d141ee9c99747976447dc884cb1a39/atomics/T1505.005/T1505.005.md author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-18 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe selection_cmdlet: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'Set-Acl ' - '-AclObject ' selection_paths: CommandLine|contains: - -Path "C:\Windows - -Path 'C:\Windows - -Path %windir% - -Path $env:windir selection_permissions: CommandLine|contains: - FullControl - Allow condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Mozilla Firefox before 36.0.4, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.5.3, and SeaMonkey before 2.33.1 allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and execute arbitrary JavaScript 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0818. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. Mozilla Firefox before 36.0.4, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.5.3, and SeaMonkey before 2.33.1 allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and execute arbitrary JavaScript code with chrome privileges via vectors involving SVG hash navigation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7266. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) OpenRTB 2.3 protocol implementation might allow remote attackers to conceal the status of ad transactions and potentially compromise bid integrity by leveraging failure to limit the time between bid responses and impression notifications, aka the Amnesia Bug.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8926
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8926. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 5.5. The archive_read_format_rar_read_data function in archive_read_support_format_rar.c in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted rar archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9127. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, and SD 810, possible null pointer dereference occurs due to failure of memory allocation when a large value is passed for buffer allocation in the Playready App.
Query: SIEM correlation: defense impairment activity consistent with Clear Linux or Mac System Logs
Matching passage: T1685.006 Clear Linux or Mac System Logs. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the `/var/log/` directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related functions, such as:(Citation: Linux Logs) * `/var/log/messages:`: General and system-related messages * `/var/log/secure or /var/log/auth.log`: Authentication logs * `/var/log/utmp or /var/log/wtmp`: Login records * `/var/log/kern.log`: Kernel logs * `/var/log/cron.log`: Crond logs * `/var/log/maillog`: Mail server logs * `/var/log/httpd/`: Web server access and error logs
Near-miss passage: T1685.003 Modify or Spoof Tool UI. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may spoof or manipulate security tool user interfaces (UIs) to falsely indicate tools are functioning normally and delay detection and response. Adversaries may present misleading or falsified security tool interfaces (UIs) that display normal or healthy status indicators, even when underlying security tools have been disabled, degraded, or otherwise tampered with. Security tools typically provide visibility into system health, alerting, and operational status; by misrepresenting this information, adversaries can undermine defender trust in these signals and obscure the true security posture of the system. This behavior is often used in conjunction with efforts to disable or modify tools, where adversaries first impair the functionality of defenses (e.g., EDR, logging agents) and then replace or mimic their interfaces to conceal the loss of visibility. By maintaining the appearance of normal operations, such as showing active protection, successful updates, or absence of threats, adversaries can delay investigation and response, enabling continued malicious activity. For example, adversaries may display a fake Windows Security interface or system tray icon indicating a “protected” or “healthy” state after disabling Windows Defender or related services.(Citation: BlackBasta)