alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: intelligence brief on T1518.002
Matching passage: T1518.002 Backup Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of backup software or configurations that are installed on a system. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486). Commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), `reg query` with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), `dir` with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for, such as Veeam, Acronis, Dropbox, or Paragon.(Citation: Symantec Play Ransomware 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1518 Software Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Such software may be deployed widely across the environment for configuration management or security reasons, such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072), and may allow adversaries broad access to infect devices or move laterally. Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the basic dashboard in Thycotic Secret Server 8.6.x, 8.7.x, and 8.8.x before 8.8.000005 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3443. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the basic dashboard in Thycotic Secret Server 8.6.x, 8.7.x, and 8.8.x before 8.8.000005 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a password entry, which is not properly handled when toggling the password mask.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6061. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Skype for Business 2016, Lync 2010 and 2013 SP1, Lync 2010 Attendee, and Lync Room System allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an instant-message session, aka "Server Input Validation Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1883
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1883. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. IBM DB2 9.7 through FP10, 9.8 through FP5, 10.1 before FP5, and 10.5 through FP5 on Linux, UNIX, and Windows allows remote authenticated users to read certain administrative files via crafted use of an automated-maintenance policy stored procedure.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6161. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser ASLR Bypass."
Query: detection engineering for SSH Hijacking
Matching passage: T1563.001 SSH Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair. In order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack) [SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).
Near-miss passage: T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service. Adversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4493
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4493. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the stagefright::ESDS::parseESDescriptor function in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an invalid size field in an esds chunk in MPEG-4 video data, a related issue to CVE-2015-1539.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3145. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The sanitize_cookie_path function in cURL and libcurl 7.31.0 through 7.41.0 does not properly calculate an index, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write and crash) or possibly have other unspecified impact via a cookie path containing only a double-quote character.
Query: secure coding against Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference
Matching passage: CWE-395 Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference. Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.
Near-miss passage: CWE-64 Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK). The product, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the product to operate on unauthorized files.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7488
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7488. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. IBM Spectrum Scale 4.1.1.x before 4.1.1.4 and 4.2.x before 4.2.0.1, in certain LDAP File protocol configurations, allows remote attackers to discover an LDAP password via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8487. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cybozu Office 9.0.0 through 10.3 allows remote attackers to discover CSRF tokens via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8488.
Query: alert when Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across networks using encrypted channel
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across networks using encrypted channel. Logsource: firewall. Rule: title: Cleartext Protocol Usage id: d7fb8f0e-bd5f-45c2-b467-19571c490d7e status: stable description: 'Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across networks using encrypted channels. Ensure that an encryption is used for all sensitive information in transit. Ensure that an encrypted channels is used for all administrative account access. ' references: - https://www.cisecurity.org/controls/cis-controls-list/ - https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/PCI_DSS_v3-2-1.pdf - https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf author: Alexandr Yampolskyi, SOC Prime, Tim Shelton date: 2019-03-26 modified: 2022-10-10 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: category: firewall detection: selection: dst_port: - 8080 - 21 - 80 - 23 - 50000 - 1521 - 27017 - 3306 - 1433 - 11211 - 15672 - 5900 - 5901 - 5902 - 5903 - 5904 selection_allow1: action: - forward - accept - 2 selection_allow2: blocked: 'false' condition: selection and 1 of selection_allow* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an ElastiCache security group has been created.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS ElastiCache Security Group Created id: 4ae68615-866f-4304-b24b-ba048dfa5ca7 status: test description: Detects when an ElastiCache security group has been created. references: - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/blob/598f3d7e0a63221c0703ad9a0ea7e22e7bc5961e/rules/integrations/aws/persistence_elasticache_security_group_creation.toml author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-07-24 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136 - attack.t1136.003 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: elasticache.amazonaws.com eventName: CreateCacheSecurityGroup condition: selection falsepositives: - A ElastiCache security group may be created by a system or network administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. Security group creations from unfamiliar users or hosts should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: low
Query: describe CVE-2015-8378
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8378. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. In KeePassX before 0.4.4, a cleartext copy of password data is created upon a cancel of an XML export action. This allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading the .xml dotfile.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2374. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The Netlogon service in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2 does not properly implement domain-controller communication, which allows remote attackers to discover credentials by leveraging certain PDC access and spoofing the BDC role in a PDC communication channel, aka "Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Netlogon."
Query: detect Data from Information Repositories
Matching passage: T1213 Data from Information Repositories. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, such as Credential Access, Lateral Movement, or Defense Evasion, or direct access to the target information. Adversaries may also abuse external sharing features to share sensitive documents with recipients outside of the organization (i.e., [Transfer Data to Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537)). The following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on an information repository: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources * Contact or other sensitive information about business partners and customers, including personally identifiable information (PII) Information stored in a repository may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Specific common information repositories include the following: * Storage services such as IaaS databases, enterprise databases, and more specialized platforms such as customer relationship management (CRM) databases * Collaboration platforms such as SharePoint, Confluence, and code repositories * Messaging platforms such as Slack and Microsoft Teams In some cases, information repositories have been improperly secured, typically by unintentionally allowing for overly-broad access by all users or even public access to unauthenticated users. This is particularly common with cloud-native or cloud-hosted services, such as AWS Relat
Near-miss passage: T1213.002 Sharepoint. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources
Query: what is T1071.001
Matching passage: T1071.001 Web Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) and WebSocket(Citation: Brazking-Websockets) that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. The DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) DNS beaconing may be used to send commands to remote systems via DNS queries. A DNS beacon is created by tunneling DNS traffic (i.e. [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572)). The commands may be embedded into different DNS records, for example, TXT or A records.(Citation: OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government) DNS beacons may be difficult to detect because the beacons infrequently communicate with infected devices.(Citation: DNS Beacons) Infrequent communication conceals the malicious DNS traffic with normal DNS traffic.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6286
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6286. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.699999809265137. Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC) 15.3(3)JA, when FlexConnect is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (access-point outage) via a crafted UDP packet, aka Bug ID CSCuu47016.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4226. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The packet-storing feature on Cisco 9900 phones with firmware 9.3(2) does not properly support the RTP protocol, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device hang) by sending malformed RTP packets after a call is answered, aka Bug ID CSCur39976.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u80 and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JCE.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2613. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u80 and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JCE.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2636. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Data Integrator component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Data Quality based on Trillium, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0443, CVE-2015-0444, CVE-2015-0445, CVE-2015-0446, CVE-2015-2634, CVE-2015-2635, CVE-2015-4758, and CVE-2015-4759.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1593
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1593. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. The stack randomization feature in the Linux kernel before 3.19.1 on 64-bit platforms uses incorrect data types for the results of bitwise left-shift operations, which makes it easier for attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism by predicting the address of the top of the stack, related to the randomize_stack_top function in fs/binfmt_elf.c and the stack_maxrandom_size function in arch/x86/mm/mmap.c.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8578. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. AVG Internet Security 2015 allocates memory with Read, Write, Execute (RWX) permissions at predictable addresses when protecting user-mode processes, which allows attackers to bypass the DEP and ASLR protection mechanisms via unspecified vectors.
Query: how to detect Artificial Intelligence
Matching passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Near-miss passage: T1588.006 Vulnerabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database) An adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).