alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Revert Cloud Instance
Matching passage: T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)
Near-miss passage: T1578.002 Create Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Creating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4861
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4861. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.45 and earlier, and 5.6.26 and earlier, allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : InnoDB.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4477. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in the MediaStream playback feature in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified use of the Web Audio API.
Query: weakness Explicit Call to Finalize()
Matching passage: CWE-586 Explicit Call to Finalize(). The product makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.
Near-miss passage: CWE-483 Incorrect Block Delimitation. The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1537
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1537. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Integer overflow in IHDCP.cpp in the media_server component in Android allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8933. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 5.5. Integer overflow in the archive_read_format_tar_skip function in archive_read_support_format_tar.c in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted tar file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6944
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6944. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in JSP/MySQL Administrador Web 1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cmd parameter to sys/sys/listaBD2.jsp.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9427. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The googmonify plugin through 0.5.1 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=googmonify.php PID or AID parameter.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities on the Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) 8.5.6-106 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecif
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0734. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities on the Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) 8.5.6-106 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified parameters in a (1) GET or (2) POST request, aka Bug ID CSCut87743.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9384. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The relevant plugin before 1.0.8 for WordPress has XSS.
Query: detect Detects child processes of "provlaunch.exe" which might indicate potential abuse to proxy execution. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects child processes of "provlaunch.exe" which might indicate potential abuse to proxy execution.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Provlaunch.EXE Binary Proxy Execution Abuse id: 7f5d1c9a-3e83-48df-95a7-2b98aae6c13c related: - id: f9999590-1f94-4a34-a91e-951e47bedefd type: similar - id: 2a4b3e61-9d22-4e4a-b60f-6e8f0cde6f25 type: similar - id: 7021255e-5db3-4946-a8b9-0ba7a4644a69 type: similar status: test description: Detects child processes of "provlaunch.exe" which might indicate potential abuse to proxy execution. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Provlaunch/ - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1674399582162153472 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2023-08-08 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \provlaunch.exe filter_main_covered_children: - Image|endswith: - \calc.exe - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \notepad.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - Image|contains: - :\PerfLogs\ - :\Temp\ - :\Users\Public\ - \AppData\Temp\ - \Windows\System32\Tasks\ - \Windows\Tasks\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission gr. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: AD Groups Or Users Enumeration Using PowerShell - PoshModule id: 815bfc17-7fc6-4908-a55e-2f37b98cedb4 status: test description: 'Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1069.002/T1069.002.md author: frack113 date: 2021-12-15 modified: 2023-01-20 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1069.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_ad_principal: - Payload|contains: get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership - ContextInfo|contains: get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership selection_get_aduser: - Payload|contains|all: - get-aduser - '-f ' - '-pr ' - DoesNotRequirePreAuth - ContextInfo|contains|all: - get-aduser - '-f ' - '-pr ' - DoesNotRequirePreAuth condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Administrator script level: low
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0031
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0031. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0017, CVE-2015-0020, CVE-2015-0022, CVE-2015-0026, CVE-2015-0030, CVE-2015-0036, and CVE-2015-0041.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4318. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway X8.5.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via invalid variables in a GET request, aka Bug ID CSCuv40528.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7602
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7602. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Directory traversal vulnerability in BisonWare BisonFTP 3.5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ../ (dot dot slash) in a RETR command.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5322. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allows remote attackers to list directory contents and read arbitrary files in the Jenkins servlet resources via directory traversal sequences in a request to jnlpJars/.
Query: CWE for Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding
Matching passage: CWE-175 Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding. The product does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
Near-miss passage: CWE-463 Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel. The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Malicious Copy and Paste
Matching passage: T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is "ClickFix," in which adversaries present users with seemingly helpful solutions—such as prompts to fix errors or complete CAPTCHAs—that instead instruct the user to copy and paste malicious code. Malicious websites, such as those used in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), may present fake error messages or CAPTCHA prompts that instruct users to open a terminal or the Windows Run Dialog box and execute an arbitrary command. These commands may be obfuscated using encoding or other techniques to conceal malicious intent. Once executed, the adversary will typically be able to establish a foothold on the victim's machine.(Citation: CloudSEK Lumma Stealer 2024)(Citation: Sekoia ClickFake 2025)(Citation: Reliaquest CAPTCHA 2024)(Citation: AhnLab LummaC2 2025) Adversaries may also leverage phishing emails for this purpose. When a user attempts to open an attachment, they may be presented with a fake error and offered a malicious command to paste as a solution, consistent with the "ClickFix" strategy.(Citation: Proofpoint ClickFix 2024)(Citation: AhnLab Malicioys Copy Paste 2024) Tricking a user into executing a command themselves may help to bypass email filtering, browser sandboxing, or other mitigations designed to protect users against malicious downloaded files.
Near-miss passage: T1204.005 Malicious Library. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may rely on a user installing a malicious library to facilitate execution. Threat actors may [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001) to package managers such as NPM and PyPi, as well as to public code repositories such as GitHub. User may install libraries without realizing they are malicious, thus bypassing techniques that specifically achieve Initial Access. This can lead to the execution of malicious code, such as code that establishes persistence, steals data, or mines cryptocurrency.(Citation: Datadog Security Labs Malicious PyPi Packages 2024)(Citation: Fortinet Malicious NPM Packages 2023) In some cases, threat actors may compromise and backdoor existing popular libraries (i.e., [Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001)). Alternatively, they may create entirely new packages and leverage behaviors such as typosquatting to encourage users to install them.
Query: campaign using Right-to-Left Override
Matching passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Near-miss passage: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: `svchost.exe`). Alternatively, a Windows Registry key may be given a close approximation to a key used by a legitimate program. In containerized environments, a threat actor may create a resource in a trusted namespace or one that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster.(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Backdoor 2023)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8446
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8446. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via an MP3 file with COMM tags that are mishandled during memory allocation, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8438.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8472. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the png_set_PLTE function in libpng before 1.0.65, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.55, 1.3.x, 1.4.x before 1.4.18, 1.5.x before 1.5.25, and 1.6.x before 1.6.20 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a small bit-depth value in an IHDR (aka image header) chunk in a PNG image. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-8126.
Query: vulnerability: The Group Policy Security Configuration policy implementation in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0009. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. The Group Policy Security Configuration policy implementation in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to disable a signing requirement and trigger a revert-to-default action by spoofing domain-controller responses, aka "Group Policy Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7837. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.5. The Linux kernel, as used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, kernel-rt, and Enterprise MRG 2 and when booted with UEFI Secure Boot enabled, allows local users to bypass intended securelevel/secureboot restrictions by leveraging improper handling of secure_boot flag across kexec reboot.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8789
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8789. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.600000381469727. Use-after-free vulnerability in the EbmlMaster::Read function in libEBML before 1.3.3 allows context-dependent attackers to have unspecified impact via a "deeply nested element with infinite size" followed by another element of an upper level in an EBML document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4916. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u60 and JavaFX 2.2.85 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4906 and CVE-2015-4908.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6636
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6636. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. mediaserver in Android 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY49F and 6.0 before 2016-01-01 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted media file, aka internal bugs 25070493 and 24686670.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7295. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. hw/virtio/virtio.c in the Virtual Network Device (virtio-net) support in QEMU, when big or mergeable receive buffers are not supported, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (guest network consumption) via a flood of jumbo frames on the (1) tuntap or (2) macvtap interface.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1307
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1307. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. plasma-workspace before 5.1.95 allows remote attackers to obtain passwords via a Trojan horse Look and Feel package.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8140. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. The ntpq protocol in NTP before 4.2.8p7 allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks by sniffing the network.
Query: actor TTPs: Prevent Command History Logging
Matching passage: T1690 Prevent Command History Logging. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they have done. On Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable `HISTFILE`. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called `~/.bash_history`. The `HISTCONTROL` environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the history command and eventually into the `~/.bash_history` file when a user logs out. `HISTCONTROL` does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected. The `HISTFILE` environment variable is also used in some ESXi systems.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi VIBs 2022) Adversaries may clear the history environment variable (`unset HISTFILE`) or set the command history size to zero (`export HISTFILESIZE=0`) to prevent logging of commands. Additionally, `HISTCONTROL` can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to "ignorespace". `HISTCONTROL` can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to "ignoredups". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to "ignoreboth" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that " ls" will not be saved, but "ls" would be saved by history. Adversaries can abuse this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands. On Windows systems, the `PSReadLine` module tracks commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (`$env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt` by default). Adversaries may change where these logs are saved using `Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}`. This will cause `ConsoleHost_history.txt` to stop receiving logs. Additionally, it is possible to turn off logging to this
Near-miss passage: T1578.003 Delete Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable. An adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Query: rule covering Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Remote PowerShell Sessions Network Connections (WinRM) id: 13acf386-b8c6-4fe0-9a6e-c4756b974698 status: test description: Detects basic PowerShell Remoting (WinRM) by monitoring for network inbound connections to ports 5985 OR 5986 references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190511-RemotePwshExecution/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-09-12 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 5156 DestPort: - 5985 - 5986 LayerRTID: 44 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of remote PowerShell execution level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious change of file privileges with chown and chmod commands. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Setuid and Setgid id: c21c4eaa-ba2e-419a-92b2-8371703cbe21 status: test description: Detects suspicious change of file privileges with chown and chmod commands references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1548.001/T1548.001.md author: Ömer Günal date: 2020-06-16 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.001 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection_root: CommandLine|contains: chown root selection_perm: CommandLine|contains: - ' chmod u+s' - ' chmod g+s' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: low
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4523
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4523. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Blue Coat Malware Analysis Appliance (MAA) before 4.2.5 and Malware Analyzer G2 allow remote attackers to bypass a virtual machine protection mechanism and consequently write to arbitrary files, cause a denial of service (host reboot or reset to factory defaults), or execute arbitrary code via vectors related to saving files during analysis.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3630. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Docker Engine before 1.6.1 uses weak permissions for (1) /proc/asound, (2) /proc/timer_stats, (3) /proc/latency_stats, and (4) /proc/fs, which allows local users to modify the host, obtain sensitive information, and perform protocol downgrade attacks via a crafted image.
Query: secure coding against Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch
Matching passage: CWE-297 Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch. The product communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the product does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1259 Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment. The System-On-A-Chip (SoC) implements a Security Token mechanism to differentiate what actions are allowed or disallowed when a transaction originates from an entity. However, the Security Tokens are improperly protected.
Query: secure coding against Active Debug Code
Matching passage: CWE-489 Active Debug Code. The product is released with debugging code still enabled or active.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1320 Improper Protection for Outbound Error Messages and Alert Signals. Untrusted agents can disable alerts about signal conditions exceeding limits or the response mechanism that handles such alerts.