alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: threat report mentioning Asymmetric Cryptography
Matching passage: T1573.002 Asymmetric Cryptography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver’s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal. For efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).
Near-miss passage: T1573.001 Symmetric Cryptography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.
Query: detect Data Staged
Matching passage: T1074 Data Staged. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017) In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Adversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7546
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7546. CWE: CWE-522. CVSS: 7.5. The identity service in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2015.1.3 (Kilo) and 8.0.x before 8.0.2 (Liberty) and keystonemiddleware (formerly python-keystoneclient) before 1.5.4 (Kilo) and Liberty before 2.3.3 does not properly invalidate authorization tokens when using the PKI or PKIZ token providers, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and gain access to cloud resources by manipulating byte fields within a revoked token.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5955. CWE: CWE-522. CVSS: 5.0. ownCloud iOS app before 3.4.4 does not properly switch state between multiple instances, which might allow remote instance administrators to obtain sensitive credential and cookie information by reading authentication headers.
Query: detect Detects powershell scripts that import modules from suspicious directories in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects powershell scripts that import modules from suspicious directories. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Import PowerShell Modules From Suspicious Directories - ProcCreation id: c31364f7-8be6-4b77-8483-dd2b5a7b69a3 related: - id: 21f9162c-5f5d-4b01-89a8-b705bd7d10ab type: similar status: test description: Detects powershell scripts that import modules from suspicious directories references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1003.002/T1003.002.md author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - Import-Module "$Env:Temp\ - Import-Module '$Env:Temp\ - Import-Module $Env:Temp\ - Import-Module "$Env:Appdata\ - Import-Module '$Env:Appdata\ - Import-Module $Env:Appdata\ - Import-Module C:\Users\Public\ - ipmo "$Env:Temp\ - ipmo '$Env:Temp\ - ipmo $Env:Temp\ - ipmo "$Env:Appdata\ - ipmo '$Env:Appdata\ - ipmo $Env:Appdata\ - ipmo C:\Users\Public\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to disable AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) by modifying the AmsiEnable registry value. Anti-Malware. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: AMSI Disabled via Registry Modification id: aa37cbb0-da36-42cb-a90f-fdf216fc7467 related: - id: 7dbbcac2-57a0-45ac-b306-ff30a8bd2981 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects attempts to disable AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) by modifying the AmsiEnable registry value. Anti-Malware Scan Interface (AMSI) is a security feature in Windows that allows applications and services to integrate with anti-malware products for enhanced protection against malicious content. Adversaries may attempt to disable AMSI to evade detection by security software, allowing them to execute malicious scripts or code without being scanned. ' references: - https://mostafayahiax.medium.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypassing-methods-9886dda0bf9d - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/amsi/antimalware-scan-interface-portal - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2019/02/macros-and-more-with-sharpshooter-v2-0/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-12-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \Software\Microsoft\Windows Script\Settings\AmsiEnable Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_amsi_disable/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: AMSI Bypass - Create AMSIEnable Reg Key technique: T1562.001 atomic_guid: 728eca7b-0444-4f6f-ac36-437e3d751dc0
Query: Sigma rule for Detects active directory enumeration activity using known AdFind CLI flags
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects active directory enumeration activity using known AdFind CLI flags. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Suspicious ActiveDirectory Enumeration Via AdFind.EXE id: 455b9d50-15a1-4b99-853f-8d37655a4c1b related: - id: 9a132afa-654e-11eb-ae93-0242ac130002 type: similar - id: 514e7e3e-b3b4-4a67-af60-be20f139198b type: similar status: test description: Detects active directory enumeration activity using known AdFind CLI flags references: - https://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/ - https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/7535.adfind-command-examples.aspx - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1087.002/T1087.002.md author: frack113 date: 2021-12-13 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_password: CommandLine|contains: - lockoutduration - lockoutthreshold - lockoutobservationwindow - maxpwdage - minpwdage - minpwdlength - pwdhistorylength - pwdproperties selection_enum_ad: CommandLine|contains: -sc admincountdmp selection_enum_exchange: CommandLine|contains: -sc exchaddresses condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Authorized administrative activity level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_pua_adfind_enumeration/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: See what commands are being input into the device by other people, full credentials can be in the history. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Show Commands Input id: b094d9fb-b1ad-4650-9f1a-fb7be9f1d34b status: test description: See what commands are being input into the device by other people, full credentials can be in the history author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-11 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.003 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - show history - show history all - show logging condition: keywords falsepositives: - Not commonly run by administrators, especially if remote logging is configured level: medium
Query: intelligence brief on T1547.013
Matching passage: T1547.013 XDG Autostart Entries. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may add or modify XDG Autostart Entries to execute malicious programs or commands when a user’s desktop environment is loaded at login. XDG Autostart entries are available for any XDG-compliant Linux system. XDG Autostart entries use Desktop Entry files (`.desktop`) to configure the user’s desktop environment upon user login. These configuration files determine what applications launch upon user login, define associated applications to open specific file types, and define applications used to open removable media.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys) Adversaries may abuse this feature to establish persistence by adding a path to a malicious binary or command to the `Exec` directive in the `.desktop` configuration file. When the user’s desktop environment is loaded at user login, the `.desktop` files located in the XDG Autostart directories are automatically executed. System-wide Autostart entries are located in the `/etc/xdg/autostart` directory while the user entries are located in the `~/.config/autostart` directory. Adversaries may combine this technique with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to blend malicious Autostart entries with legitimate programs.(Citation: Red Canary Netwire Linux 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1547.010 Port Monitors. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use port monitors to run an adversary supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup.(Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\Windows\System32</code> and will be loaded and run by the print spooler service, `spoolsv.exe`, under SYSTEM level permissions on boot.(Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to the `Driver` value of an existing or new arbitrarily named subkey of <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Monitors</code>. The Registry key contains entries for the following: * Local Port * Standard TCP/IP Port * USB Monitor * WSD Port
Query: rule covering Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll". Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential Vivaldi_elf.DLL Sideloading id: 2092cacb-d77b-4f98-ab0d-32b32f99a054 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "vivaldi_elf.dll" references: - https://research.checkpoint.com/2023/beyond-the-horizon-traveling-the-world-on-camaro-dragons-usb-flash-drives/ author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-03 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \vivaldi_elf.dll filter_main_legit_path: Image|endswith: \Vivaldi\Application\vivaldi.exe ImageLoaded|contains: \Vivaldi\Application\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects uncommon service installation commands by looking at suspicious or uncommon image path values containing referen. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Uncommon Service Installation Image Path id: 26481afe-db26-4228-b264-25a29fe6efc7 related: - id: ca83e9f3-657a-45d0-88d6-c1ac280caf53 type: obsolete - id: 1d61f71d-59d2-479e-9562-4ff5f4ead16b type: derived status: test description: 'Detects uncommon service installation commands by looking at suspicious or uncommon image path values containing references to encoded powershell commands, temporary paths, etc. ' references: - Internal Research author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-18 modified: 2024-02-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - car.2013-09-005 - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 suspicious_paths: ImagePath|contains: - \\\\.\\pipe - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ suspicious_encoded_flag: ImagePath|contains: ' -e' suspicious_encoded_keywords: ImagePath|contains: - ' aQBlAHgA' - ' aWV4I' - ' IAB' - ' JAB' - ' PAA' - ' SQBFAFgA' - ' SUVYI' filter_optional_thor_remote: ImagePath|startswith: C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\thor10-remote\thor64.exe filter_main_defender_def_updates: ImagePath|startswith: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Definition Updates\ condition: selection and ( suspicious_paths or all of suspicious_encoded_* ) and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit The orbisius-child-theme-creator plugin before 1.2.8 for WordPress has incorrect access control for file modification via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=orbisius_ctc_theme_edit
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9456. CWE: CWE-732. CVSS: 6.5. The orbisius-child-theme-creator plugin before 1.2.8 for WordPress has incorrect access control for file modification via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=orbisius_ctc_theme_editor_ajax&sub_cmd=save_file theme_1, theme_1_file, or theme_1_file_contents parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4455. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in includes/upload.php in the Aviary Image Editor Add-on For Gravity Forms plugin 3.0 beta for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in wp-content/uploads/gform_aviary.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8381
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8381. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The compile_regex function in pcre_compile.c in PCRE before 8.38 and pcre2_compile.c in PCRE2 before 10.2x mishandles the /(?J:(?|(:(?|(?'R')(\k'R')|((?'R')))H'Rk'Rf)|s(?'R'))))/ and /(?J:(?|(:(?|(?'R')(\z(?|(?'R')(\k'R')|((?'R')))k'R')|((?'R')))H'Ak'Rf)|s(?'R')))/ patterns, and related patterns with certain group references, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted regular expression, as demonstrated by a JavaScript RegExp object encountered by Konqueror.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8636. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8459, CVE-2015-8460, and CVE-2015-8645.
Query: rule covering Detects the use of wget to download content in a temporary directory such as "/tmp" or "/var/tmp"
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of wget to download content in a temporary directory such as "/tmp" or "/var/tmp". Logsource: linux / file_event. Rule: title: Wget Creating Files in Tmp Directory id: 35a05c60-9012-49b6-a11f-6bab741c9f74 status: test description: Detects the use of wget to download content in a temporary directory such as "/tmp" or "/var/tmp" references: - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html - https://jstnk9.github.io/jstnk9/research/GobRAT-Malware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-06-02 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: product: linux category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: /wget TargetFilename|startswith: - /tmp/ - /var/tmp/ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate downloads of files in the tmp folder. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of "reg.exe" to add Defender folder exclusions. Qbot has been seen using this technique to add exclusi. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Windows Defender Folder Exclusion Added Via Reg.EXE id: 48917adc-a28e-4f5d-b729-11e75da8941f status: test description: Detects the usage of "reg.exe" to add Defender folder exclusions. Qbot has been seen using this technique to add exclusions for folders within AppData and ProgramData. references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/02/07/qbot-likes-to-move-it-move-it/ - https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/qbot/ author: frack113 date: 2022-02-13 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains: - SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths - SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft Antimalware\Exclusions\Paths CommandLine|contains|all: - 'ADD ' - '/t ' - 'REG_DWORD ' - '/v ' - '/d ' - '0' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detects the execution of "csvde.exe" in order to export organizational Active Directory structure.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "csvde.exe" in order to export organizational Active Directory structure.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Active Directory Structure Export Via Csvde.EXE id: e5d36acd-acb4-4c6f-a13f-9eb203d50099 status: test description: Detects the execution of "csvde.exe" in order to export organizational Active Directory structure. references: - https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/operation-ghostshell-novel-rat-targets-global-aerospace-and-telecoms-firms - https://web.archive.org/web/20180725233601/https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf - https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-backdoordiplomacy-attack-a-study-of-an-attackers-toolkit - https://redcanary.com/blog/msix-installers/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-14 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \csvde.exe - OriginalFileName: csvde.exe selection_remote: CommandLine|contains: ' -f' filter_import: CommandLine|contains: ' -i' condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a network connection initiated by IMEWDBLD.EXE. This might indicate potential abuse of the utility as a LOLBIN i. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated By IMEWDBLD.EXE id: 8d7e392e-9b28-49e1-831d-5949c6281228 related: - id: 863218bd-c7d0-4c52-80cd-0a96c09f54af type: derived status: test description: 'Detects a network connection initiated by IMEWDBLD.EXE. This might indicate potential abuse of the utility as a LOLBIN in order to download arbitrary files or additional payloads. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1105/T1105.md#atomic-test-10---windows---powershell-download - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/IMEWDBLD/ author: frack113 date: 2022-01-22 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' Image|endswith: \IMEWDBLD.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: explain CWE-168
Matching passage: CWE-168 Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements. The product does not properly handle input in which an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity. The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0616
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0616. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, and 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) by improperly terminating SIP TCP connections, aka Bug ID CSCul69819.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8772. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. McPvDrv.sys 4.6.111.0 in McAfee File Lock 5.x in McAfee Total Protection allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory or cause a denial of service (system crash) via a large VERIFY_INFORMATION.Length value in an IOCTL_DISK_VERIFY ioctl call.
Query: vulnerability: The Management Interface in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway 10.1 before 10.1.132.8, 10.5 before Build 56.15, and 10.5.e before Build 56
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5080. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.0. The Management Interface in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway 10.1 before 10.1.132.8, 10.5 before Build 56.15, and 10.5.e before Build 56.1505.e allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters in the filter parameter to rapi/ipsec_logs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0538. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. ftagent.exe in EMC AutoStart 5.4.x and 5.5.x before 5.5.0.508 HF4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted packets.
Query: CWE for Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere
Matching passage: CWE-668 Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere. The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.
Near-miss passage: CWE-378 Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions. Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.