alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection engineering for Network Provider DLL
Matching passage: T1556.008 Network Provider DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Citation: Network Provider API) During the logon process, Winlogon (the interactive logon module) sends credentials to the local `mpnotify.exe` process via RPC. The `mpnotify.exe` process then shares the credentials in cleartext with registered credential managers when notifying that a logon event is happening.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)(Citation: NPPSPY Video)(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries can configure a malicious network provider DLL to receive credentials from `mpnotify.exe`.(Citation: NPPSPY) Once installed as a credential manager (via the Registry), a malicious DLL can receive and save credentials each time a user logs onto a Windows workstation or domain via the `NPLogonNotify()` function.(Citation: NPLogonNotify) Adversaries may target planting malicious network provider DLLs on systems known to have increased logon activity and/or administrator logon activity, such as servers and domain controllers.(Citation: NPPSPY - Huntress)
Near-miss passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Query: describe CVE-2015-0065
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0065. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "OneTableDocumentStream Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1744. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1735, CVE-2015-1740, CVE-2015-1745, and CVE-2015-1766.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2323
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2323. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. FortiOS 5.0.x before 5.0.12 and 5.2.x before 5.2.4 supports anonymous, export, RC4, and possibly other weak ciphers when using TLS to connect to FortiGuard servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof TLS content by modifying packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2078. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. The SDK for Komodia Redirector with SSL Digestor, as used in Lavasoft Ad-Aware Web Companion 1.1.885.1766 and Ad-Aware AdBlocker (alpha) 1.3.69.1, Qustodio for Windows, Atom Security, Inc. StaffCop 5.8, and other products, does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2077.
Query: secure coding against Parent Class with a Virtual Destructor and a Child Class without a Virtual Destructor
Matching passage: CWE-1045 Parent Class with a Virtual Destructor and a Child Class without a Virtual Destructor. A parent class has a virtual destructor method, but the parent has a child class that does not have a virtual destructor.
Near-miss passage: CWE-556 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation. Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5436
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5436. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. A potential security vulnerability has been identified with HP Integrated Lights-Out 4 (iLO 4) firmware version 2.11 and later, but prior to version 2.30. The vulnerability could be exploited remotely resulting in Denial of Service (DoS). Note this was originally published in 2015 however the CVE entry was added in 2020.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0363. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Core EAI component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1 and 8.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Integration Business Services.
Query: vulnerability: CFURL in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple OS X before 10.10.3 does not properly validate URLs, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1088. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CFURL in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple OS X before 10.10.3 does not properly validate URLs, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1382. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. parsers.c in Privoxy before 3.0.23 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid read and crash) via vectors related to an HTTP time header.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / msexchange-management
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Rule to detect an adversary setting OabVirtualDirectory External URL property to a script in Exchange Management log. Logsource: windows / msexchange-management. Rule: title: Exchange Set OabVirtualDirectory ExternalUrl Property id: 9db37458-4df2-46a5-95ab-307e7f29e675 status: test description: Rule to detect an adversary setting OabVirtualDirectory External URL property to a script in Exchange Management log references: - https://twitter.com/OTR_Community/status/1371053369071132675 author: Jose Rodriguez @Cyb3rPandaH date: 2021-03-15 modified: 2023-01-23 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.003 logsource: product: windows service: msexchange-management detection: keywords: '|all': - Set-OabVirtualDirectory - ExternalUrl - Page_Load - script condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the suspicious RUN keys created by software located in Download or temporary Outlook/Internet Explorer directori. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Run Key from Download id: 9c5037d1-c568-49b3-88c7-9846a5bdc2be status: test description: Detects the suspicious RUN keys created by software located in Download or temporary Outlook/Internet Explorer directories references: - https://app.any.run/tasks/c5bef5b7-f484-4c43-9cf3-d5c5c7839def/ - https://github.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks/blob/e4c7b21b8f36c97c35b7c622732b38a189ce18f7/src/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poude (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-10-01 modified: 2025-02-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|contains: - \AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.Outlook_ - \AppData\Local\Microsoft\Olk\Attachments\ - \Downloads\ - \Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\ - \Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\ TargetObject|contains: - \Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run - \Software\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run - \Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\Run condition: selection falsepositives: - Software installers downloaded and used by users level: high
Query: exploit The sco_sock_bind function in net/bluetooth/sco.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3.4 does not verify an address length, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8575. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The sco_sock_bind function in net/bluetooth/sco.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3.4 does not verify an address length, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory and bypass the KASLR protection mechanism via a crafted application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8095. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The recycle bin feature in the Monster Menus module 7.x-1.21 before 7.x-1.24 for Drupal does not properly remove nodes from view, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via an unspecified URL pattern.
Query: secure coding against Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side
Matching passage: CWE-650 Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side. The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.
Near-miss passage: CWE-645 Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism. The product contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily, which allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.
Query: risk of The Update Installer in IBM WebSphere Commerce Enterprise 7.0.0.8 and 7.0.0.9 does not properly replicate the search index, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7444. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The Update Installer in IBM WebSphere Commerce Enterprise 7.0.0.8 and 7.0.0.9 does not properly replicate the search index, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2804. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The management web interface in Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch 6450, 6250, 6850E, 9000E, 6400, and 6855 with firmware before 6.6.4.309.R01 and 6.6.5.x before 6.6.5.80.R02 generates weak session identifiers, which allows remote attackers to hijack arbitrary sessions via a brute force attack.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0208
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0208. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ASN.1 signature-verification implementation in the rsa_item_verify function in crypto/rsa/rsa_ameth.c in OpenSSL 1.0.2 before 1.0.2a allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via crafted RSA PSS parameters to an endpoint that uses the certificate-verification feature.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5911. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Twisted in Wiki Server in Apple OS X Server before 5.0.3 allow attackers to have an unknown impact via an XML document.
Query: Sigma rule for Identifies when a privilege role can be activated without performing mfa.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a privilege role can be activated without performing mfa.. Logsource: azure / pim. Rule: title: Roles Activation Doesn't Require MFA id: 94a66f46-5b64-46ce-80b2-75dcbe627cc0 status: test description: Identifies when a privilege role can be activated without performing mfa. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-governance/privileged-identity-management/pim-how-to-configure-security-alerts#roles-dont-require-multi-factor-authentication-for-activation author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' date: 2023-09-14 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: azure service: pim detection: selection: riskEventType: noMfaOnRoleActivationAlertIncident condition: selection falsepositives: - Investigate if user is performing MFA at sign-in. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "reg.exe" commands with the "delete" flag on services registry key. Often used by attacker to remov. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Service Registry Key Deleted Via Reg.EXE id: 05b2aa93-1210-42c8-8d9a-2fcc13b284f5 status: test description: Detects execution of "reg.exe" commands with the "delete" flag on services registry key. Often used by attacker to remove AV software services references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/2bcd5702a7565952c44075ac6fb946c7780526640d1264f692c7664c02c68465 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-01 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_delete: CommandLine|contains: ' delete ' selection_key: CommandLine|contains: \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: vulnerability: The HTTPAuthentication implementation in CFNetwork in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (m
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3684. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The HTTPAuthentication implementation in CFNetwork in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via crafted credentials in a URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6079. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6068, CVE-2015-6072, CVE-2015-6073, CVE-2015-6075, CVE-2015-6077, CVE-2015-6080, and CVE-2015-6082.
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass Vulnerability."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0069. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0006. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The Network Location Awareness (NLA) service in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2 does not perform mutual authentication to determine a domain connection, which allows remote attackers to trigger an unintended permissive configuration by spoofing DNS and LDAP responses on a local network, aka "NLA Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Query: EDR alert: possible Service Exhaustion Flood (T1499.002)
Matching passage: T1499.002 Service Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a denial of service (DoS). Adversaries often target the availability of DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked through a variety of means, some of which apply generally while others are specific to the software being used to provide the service. One example of this type of attack is known as a simple HTTP flood, where an adversary sends a large number of HTTP requests to a web server to overwhelm it and/or an application that runs on top of it. This flood relies on raw volume to accomplish the objective, exhausting any of the various resources required by the victim software to provide the service.(Citation: Cloudflare HTTPflood) Another variation, known as a SSL renegotiation attack, takes advantage of a protocol feature in SSL/TLS. The SSL/TLS protocol suite includes mechanisms for the client and server to agree on an encryption algorithm to use for subsequent secure connections. If SSL renegotiation is enabled, a request can be made for renegotiation of the crypto algorithm. In a renegotiation attack, the adversary establishes a SSL/TLS connection and then proceeds to make a series of renegotiation requests. Because the cryptographic renegotiation has a meaningful cost in computation cycles, this can cause an impact to the availability of the service when done in volume.(Citation: Arbor SSLDoS April 2012)
Near-miss passage: T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications. For example, specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system resources and deny access to the application or the server itself.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0497
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0497. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal Interaction Hub component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 9.1.00 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Enterprise Portal.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4838. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle JDeveloper component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.2.4.0, 12.1.2.0.0, and 12.1.3.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to ADF Faces.
Query: risk of IBM WebSphere Portal 8.5 through CF05 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1899. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. IBM WebSphere Portal 8.5 through CF05 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5963. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware in Django 1.8.x before 1.8.4, 1.7.x before 1.7.10, 1.4.x before 1.4.22, and possibly other versions allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (session store consumption or session record removal) via a large number of requests to contrib.auth.views.logout, which triggers the creation of an empty session record.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0352
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0352. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0347, CVE-2015-0350, CVE-2015-0353, CVE-2015-0354, CVE-2015-0355, CVE-2015-0360, CVE-2015-3038, CVE-2015-3041, CVE-2015-3042, and CVE-2015-3043.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0421. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u25 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to the installation process.
Query: campaign using MMC
Matching passage: T1218.014 MMC. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microsoft and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, and save custom consoles that contain administrative tools created by Microsoft, called snap-ins. These snap-ins may be used to manage Windows systems locally or remotely. MMC can also be used to open Microsoft created .msc files to manage system configuration.(Citation: win_msc_files_overview) For example, <code>mmc C:\Users\foo\admintools.msc /a</code> will open a custom, saved console msc file in author mode.(Citation: win_mmc) Another common example is <code>mmc gpedit.msc</code>, which will open the Group Policy Editor application window. Adversaries may use MMC commands to perform malicious tasks. For example, <code>mmc wbadmin.msc delete catalog -quiet</code> deletes the backup catalog on the system (i.e. [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)) without prompts to the user (Note: <code>wbadmin.msc</code> may only be present by default on Windows Server operating systems).(Citation: win_wbadmin_delete_catalog)(Citation: phobos_virustotal) Adversaries may also abuse MMC to execute malicious .msc files. For example, adversaries may first create a malicious registry Class Identifier (CLSID) subkey, which uniquely identifies a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) class object.(Citation: win_clsid_key) Then, adversaries may create custom consoles with the “Link to Web Address” snap-in that is linked to the malicious CLSID subkey.(Citation: mmc_vulns) Once the .msc file is saved, adversaries may invoke the malicious CLSID payload with the following command: <code>mmc.exe -Embedding C:\path\to\test.msc</code>.(Citation: abusing_com_reg)
Near-miss passage: T1218.001 Compiled HTML File. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program) A custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application application control on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)