alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Todo Filter module before 6.x-1.1 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.1 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3350. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Todo Filter module before 6.x-1.1 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.1 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that toggle a task via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0588. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (UCDM) 10 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCuo77055.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4816
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4816. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.44 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : InnoDB.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4827. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Open Commerce Platform component in Oracle Retail Applications 3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Framework.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of "tar.exe" in order to create a compressed file. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "tar.exe" in order to create a compressed file. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Compressed File Creation Via Tar.EXE id: 418a3163-3247-4b7b-9933-dcfcb7c52ea9 status: test description: 'Detects execution of "tar.exe" in order to create a compressed file. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. ' references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chromeloader-malware/ - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Tar/ - https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), AdmU3 date: 2023-12-19 tags: - attack.collection - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1560 - attack.t1560.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \tar.exe - OriginalFileName: bsdtar selection_create: CommandLine|contains: - -c - -r - -u condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Likely level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user is removed from a privileged role. Bulk changes should be investigated.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Bulk Deletion Changes To Privileged Account Permissions id: 102e11e3-2db5-4c9e-bc26-357d42585d21 status: test description: Detects when a user is removed from a privileged role. Bulk changes should be investigated. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-identity-management#azure-ad-roles-assignment author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Yochana Henderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: - Remove eligible member (permanent) - Remove eligible member (eligible) condition: selection falsepositives: - Legtimate administrator actions of removing members from a role level: high
Query: alert when Clear command history in network OS which is used for defense evasion
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Clear command history in network OS which is used for defense evasion. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Clear Logs id: ceb407f6-8277-439b-951f-e4210e3ed956 status: test description: Clear command history in network OS which is used for defense evasion references: - https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/nexus5000/sw/command/reference/sysmgmt/n5k-sysmgmt-cr/n5k-sm_cmds_c.html - https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2sr/12_2sra/feature/guide/srmgtint.html#wp1127609 author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-12 modified: 2023-05-26 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - clear logging - clear archive condition: keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators may run these commands level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Ngrok, a utility used for port forwarding and tunneling, often used by threat actors to make local pr. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Ngrok Execution id: ee37eb7c-a4e7-4cd5-8fa4-efa27f1c3f31 status: test description: 'Detects the use of Ngrok, a utility used for port forwarding and tunneling, often used by threat actors to make local protected services publicly available. Involved domains are bin.equinox.io for download and *.ngrok.io for connections. ' references: - https://ngrok.com/docs - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/05/shining-a-light-on-darkside-ransomware-operations.html - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42442320/ssh-tunnel-to-ngrok-and-initiate-rdp - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/58d21840d915aaf4040ceb89522396124c82f325282f805d1085527e1e2ccfa1/detection - https://cybleinc.com/2021/02/15/ngrok-platform-abused-by-hackers-to-deliver-a-new-wave-of-phishing-attacks/ - https://twitter.com/xorJosh/status/1598646907802451969 - https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/how-to-use-ngrok/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-05-14 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1572 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains: - ' tcp 139' - ' tcp 445' - ' tcp 3389' - ' tcp 5985' - ' tcp 5986' selection2: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' start ' - --all - --config - .yml selection3: Image|endswith: ngrok.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' tcp ' - ' http ' - ' authtoken ' selection4: CommandLine|contains: - '.exe authtoken ' - .exe start --all condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Another tool that uses the command line switches of Ngrok - Ngrok http 3978 (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/bot-service/bot-service-debug-channel-ngrok?view=azure-bot-service-4.0) level: high
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Container Administration Command
Matching passage: T1609 Container Administration Command. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet) In Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as <code>docker exec</code> to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as <code>kubectl exec</code>.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)
Near-miss passage: T1047 Windows Management Instrumentation. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious commands and payloads. WMI is designed for programmers and is the infrastructure for management data and operations on Windows systems.(Citation: WMI 1-3) WMI is an administration feature that provides a uniform environment to access Windows system components. The WMI service enables both local and remote access, though the latter is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) and [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).(Citation: WMI 1-3) Remote WMI over DCOM operates using port 135, whereas WMI over WinRM operates over port 5985 when using HTTP and 5986 for HTTPS.(Citation: WMI 1-3) (Citation: Mandiant WMI) An adversary can use WMI to interact with local and remote systems and use it as a means to execute various behaviors, such as gathering information for [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007) as well as [Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0002) of commands and payloads.(Citation: Mandiant WMI) For example, `wmic.exe` can be abused by an adversary to delete shadow copies with the command `wmic.exe Shadowcopy Delete` (i.e., [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)).(Citation: WMI 6) **Note:** `wmic.exe` is deprecated as of January of 2024, with the WMIC feature being “disabled by default” on Windows 11+. WMIC will be removed from subsequent Windows releases and replaced by [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) as the primary WMI interface.(Citation: WMI 7,8) In addition to PowerShell and tools like `wbemtool.exe`, COM APIs can also be used to programmatically interact with WMI via C++, .NET, VBScript, etc.(Citation: WMI 7,8)
Query: indicators of System Information Discovery
Matching passage: T1082 System Information Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This behavior is distinct from [Local Storage Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1680) which is an adversary's discovery of local drive, disks and/or volumes. Tools such as [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather detailed system information. If running with privileged access, a breakdown of system data can be gathered through the <code>systemsetup</code> configuration tool on macOS. Adversaries may leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather detailed system information (e.g. <code>show version</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) On ESXi servers, threat actors may gather system information from various esxcli utilities, such as `system hostname get` and `system version get`.(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: Varonis) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers such as AWS, GCP, and Azure allow access to instance and virtual machine information via APIs. Successful authenticated API calls can return data such as the operating system platform and status of a particular instance or the model view of a virtual machine.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Google Instances Resource)(Citation: Microsoft Virutal Machine API) [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) combined with information gathered from other forms of discovery and reconnaissance can drive payload development and concealment.(Citation: OSX.FairyTale)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1497.003 Time Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. Adversaries may use calls like `GetTickCount` and `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime` to discover if they are operating within a virtual machine or sandbox, or may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)
Query: alert when Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PowerShell Module File Created id: e36941d0-c0f0-443f-bc6f-cb2952eb69ea status: test description: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. references: - Internal Research - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/developer/module/understanding-a-windows-powershell-module?view=powershell-7.3 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe TargetFilename|contains: - \WindowsPowerShell\Modules\ - \PowerShell\7\Modules\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Likely level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious file writes to SharePoint layouts directory which could indicate webshell activity or post-exploitati. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious File Write to SharePoint Layouts Directory id: 1f0489be-b496-4ddf-b3a9-5900f2044e9c status: experimental description: 'Detects suspicious file writes to SharePoint layouts directory which could indicate webshell activity or post-exploitation. This behavior has been observed in the exploitation of SharePoint vulnerabilities such as CVE-2025-49704, CVE-2025-49706 or CVE-2025-53770. ' references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/microsoft-sharepoint-cve-2025-49704-cve-2025-49706-cve-2025-53770/ - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/07/22/disrupting-active-exploitation-of-on-premises-sharepoint-vulnerabilities/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-07-24 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.003 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \powershell_ise.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \w3wp.exe TargetFilename|startswith: - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\ TargetFilename|contains: - \15\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\ - \16\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\ TargetFilename|endswith: - .asax - .ascx - .ashx - .asmx - .asp - .aspx - .bat - .cmd - .cer - .config - .hta - .js - .jsp - .jspx - .php - .ps1 - .vbs condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: write Sigma for Detects when end user consent is blocked due to risk-based consent.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when end user consent is blocked due to risk-based consent.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: End User Consent Blocked id: 7091372f-623c-4293-bc37-20c32b3492be status: test description: Detects when end user consent is blocked due to risk-based consent. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-applications#end-user-stopped-due-to-risk-based-consent author: Bailey Bercik '@baileybercik', Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow' date: 2022-07-10 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1528 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: failure_status_reason: Microsoft.online.Security.userConsentBlockedForRiskyAppsExceptions condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "VSDiagnostics.exe" with the "start" command in order to launch and proxy arbitrary binaries.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Binary Proxy Execution Via VSDiagnostics.EXE id: ac1c92b4-ac81-405a-9978-4604d78cc47e status: test description: Detects execution of "VSDiagnostics.exe" with the "start" command in order to launch and proxy arbitrary binaries. references: - https://twitter.com/0xBoku/status/1679200664013135872 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-03 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \VSDiagnostics.exe - OriginalFileName: VSDiagnostics.exe selection_cli_start: CommandLine|contains: start selection_cli_launch: CommandLine|contains: - ' /launch:' - ' -launch:' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage for tracing and diagnostics purposes level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-8521
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8521. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 5.5.x and 6.x before 6.1.12.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8519, CVE-2015-8520, and CVE-2015-8522.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6974. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. IOHIDFamily in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and watchOS before 2.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0695
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0695. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XR 4.3.4 through 5.3.0 on ASR 9000 devices, when uRPF, PBR, QoS, or an ACL is configured, does not properly handle bridge-group virtual interface (BVI) traffic, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (chip and card hangs and reloads) by triggering use of a BVI interface for IPv4 packets, aka Bug ID CSCur62957.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0613. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) via crafted SIP INVITE messages, aka Bug ID CSCul20444.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing EDR alert: possible Cloud Service Discovery (T1526)
Matching passage: Playbook for T1526 Cloud Service Discovery. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1526. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can include Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), Lambda Functions, Entra ID, etc. They
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1018 Remote System Discovery. Different response path focused on discovery.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6480
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6480. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 8.300000190734863. The MessageBrokerServlet servlet in Moxa OnCell Central Manager before 2.2 does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a command, as demonstrated by the addUserAndGroup action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2033. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 10.0. Anyterm Daemon in Infoblox Network Automation NetMRI before NETMRI-23483 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via a crafted terminal/anyterm-module request.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9372
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9372. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Membership Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.3.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7562. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in TeamPass 2.1.24 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) label value of an item or (2) name of a role.
Query: explain T1036 Masquerading
Matching passage: T1036 Masquerading. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names. Renaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: describe CVE-2015-9447
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9447. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The unite-gallery-lite plugin before 1.5 for WordPress has CSRF and SQL injection via wp-admin/admin.php galleryid or id parameters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6660. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Form API in Drupal 6.x before 6.37 and 7.x before 7.39 does not properly validate the form token, which allows remote attackers to conduct CSRF attacks that upload files in a different user's account via vectors related to "file upload value callbacks."