alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Internal Proxy
Matching passage: T1090.001 Internal Proxy. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an internal proxy to direct command and control traffic between two or more systems in a compromised environment. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use internal proxies to manage command and control communications inside a compromised environment, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between infected systems to avoid suspicion. Internal proxy connections may use common peer-to-peer (p2p) networking protocols, such as SMB, to better blend in with the environment. By using a compromised internal system as a proxy, adversaries may conceal the true destination of C2 traffic while reducing the need for numerous connections to external systems.
Near-miss passage: T1090.003 Multi-hop Proxy. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to disguise the source of malicious traffic. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source. For example, adversaries may construct or use onion routing networks – such as the publicly available [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) network – to transport encrypted C2 traffic through a compromised population, allowing communication with any device within the network.(Citation: Onion Routing) Adversaries may also use operational relay box (ORB) networks composed of virtual private servers (VPS), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart devices, and end-of-life routers to obfuscate their operations.(Citation: ORB Mandiant) In the case of network infrastructure, it is possible for an adversary to leverage multiple compromised devices to create a multi-hop proxy chain (i.e., [Network Devices](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/008)). By leveraging [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) on routers, adversaries can add custom code to the affected network devices that will implement onion routing between those nodes. This method is dependent upon the [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599) method allowing the adversaries to cross the protected network boundary of the Internet perimeter and into the organization’s Wide-Area Network (WAN). Protocols such as ICMP may be used as a transport. Similarly, adversaries may abuse peer-to-peer (P2P) and blockchain-oriented infrastructure to implement routing between a decentralized network of peers.(Citation: NGLite Trojan)
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of netsh with the "trace" flag in order to start a network capture
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of netsh with the "trace" flag in order to start a network capture. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: New Network Trace Capture Started Via Netsh.EXE id: d3c3861d-c504-4c77-ba55-224ba82d0118 status: test description: Detects the execution of netsh with the "trace" flag in order to start a network capture references: - https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/canberrapfe/2012/03/30/capture-a-network-trace-without-installing-anything-capture-a-network-trace-of-a-reboot/ - https://klausjochem.me/2016/02/03/netsh-the-cyber-attackers-tool-of-choice/ author: Kutepov Anton, oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.credential-access - attack.t1040 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \netsh.exe - OriginalFileName: netsh.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - trace - start condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects loading of diagcab packages from a remote path, as seen in DogWalk vulnerability. Logsource: windows / diagnosis-scripted. Rule: title: Loading Diagcab Package From Remote Path id: 50cb47b8-2c33-4b23-a2e9-4600657d9746 status: test description: Detects loading of diagcab packages from a remote path, as seen in DogWalk vulnerability references: - https://twitter.com/nas_bench/status/1539679555908141061 - https://twitter.com/j00sean/status/1537750439701225472 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-14 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: windows service: diagnosis-scripted detection: selection: EventID: 101 PackagePath|contains: \\\\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate package hosted on a known and authorized remote location level: high
Query: weakness Public cloneable() Method Without Final ('Object Hijack')
Matching passage: CWE-491 Public cloneable() Method Without Final ('Object Hijack'). A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1277 Firmware Not Updateable. The product does not provide its users with the ability to update or patch its firmware to address any vulnerabilities or weaknesses that may be present.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5008
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5008. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 6.0 through FP11, 6.0 Feature Pack 4, 7.0 through FP9, 7.0 Feature Pack 5 through 8, and 8.0 before 8.0.0.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2317. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The utils.http.is_safe_url function in Django before 1.4.20, 1.5.x, 1.6.x before 1.6.11, 1.7.x before 1.7.7, and 1.8.x before 1.8c1 does not properly validate URLs, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a control character in a URL, as demonstrated by a \x08javascript: URL.
Query: rule covering Detects volume shadow copy mount via Windows event log
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects volume shadow copy mount via Windows event log. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Volume Shadow Copy Mount id: f512acbf-e662-4903-843e-97ce4652b740 status: test description: Detects volume shadow copy mount via Windows event log references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1003.002/T1003.002.md#atomic-test-3---esentutlexe-sam-copy author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR) date: 2020-10-20 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-Ntfs EventID: 98 DeviceName|contains: HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of volume shadow copy mounts (backups maybe). level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the perl binary with the "-e" flag and common strings related to potential reverse shell activity. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Perl Reverse Shell Execution id: 259df6bc-003f-4306-9f54-4ff1a08fa38e status: test description: Detects execution of the perl binary with the "-e" flag and common strings related to potential reverse shell activity references: - https://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet - https://www.revshells.com/ author: '@d4ns4n_, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)' date: 2023-04-07 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /perl CommandLine|contains: ' -e ' selection_content: - CommandLine|contains|all: - fdopen( - ::Socket::INET - CommandLine|contains|all: - Socket - connect - open - exec condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: alert when Detects remote RPC calls to create or execute a scheduled task via SASec
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects remote RPC calls to create or execute a scheduled task via SASec. Logsource: rpc_firewall / application. Rule: title: Remote Schedule Task Lateral Movement via SASec id: aff229ab-f8cd-447b-b215-084d11e79eb0 status: test description: Detects remote RPC calls to create or execute a scheduled task via SASec references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tsch/d1058a28-7e02-4948-8b8d-4a347fa64931 - https://github.com/jsecurity101/MSRPC-to-ATTACK/blob/ddd4608fe8684fcf2fcf9b48c5f0b3c28097f8a3/documents/MS-TSCH.md - https://github.com/zeronetworks/rpcfirewall - https://zeronetworks.com/blog/stopping-lateral-movement-via-the-rpc-firewall/ author: Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz date: 2022-01-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.lateral-movement - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1053 - attack.t1053.002 logsource: product: rpc_firewall category: application definition: 'Requirements: install and apply the RPC Firewall to all processes with "audit:true action:block uuid:378e52b0-c0a9-11cf-822d-00aa0051e40f"' detection: selection: EventLog: RPCFW EventID: 3 InterfaceUuid: 378e52b0-c0a9-11cf-822d-00aa0051e40f OpNum: - 0 - 1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects successful AWS console logins that were performed without Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). This alert can be u. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS Successful Console Login Without MFA id: 77caf516-34e5-4df9-b4db-20744fea0a60 status: experimental description: 'Detects successful AWS console logins that were performed without Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). This alert can be used to identify potential unauthorized access attempts, as logging in without MFA can indicate compromised credentials or misconfigured security settings. ' references: - https://securitylabs.datadoghq.com/cloud-security-atlas/vulnerabilities/iam-user-without-mfa/ - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-aws-console-sign-in-events.html author: Thuya@Hacktilizer, Ivan Saakov date: 2025-10-18 modified: 2025-10-21 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventName: ConsoleLogin additionalEventData.MFAUsed: 'NO' responseElements.ConsoleLogin: Success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7247
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7247. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. D-Link DVG-N5402SP with firmware W1000CN-00, W1000CN-03, or W2000EN-00 discloses usernames, passwords, keys, values, and web account hashes (super and admin) in plaintext when running a configuration backup, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3171. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.5. sosreport 3.2 uses weak permissions for generated sosreport archives, which allows local users with access to /var/tmp/ to obtain sensitive information by reading the contents of the archive.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0279
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0279. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. JBoss RichFaces before 4.5.4 allows remote attackers to inject expression language (EL) expressions and execute arbitrary Java code via the do parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5646. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 8.5. Cybozu Garoon 3.x through 3.7.5 and 4.x through 4.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors, aka CyVDB-863 and CyVDB-867.
Query: detect Detects a threat actor creating a file named `wbemcomn.dll` in the `C:\Windows\System32\wbem\` directory over the networ in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a threat actor creating a file named `wbemcomn.dll` in the `C:\Windows\System32\wbem\` directory over the networ. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Wmiprvse Wbemcomn DLL Hijack id: 7707a579-e0d8-4886-a853-ce47e4575aaa status: test description: Detects a threat actor creating a file named `wbemcomn.dll` in the `C:\Windows\System32\wbem\` directory over the network and loading it for a WMI DLL Hijack scenario. references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteWMIWbemcomnDLLHijack/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 logsource: product: windows category: image_load detection: selection: Image|endswith: \wmiprvse.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: \wbem\wbemcomn.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Over Permissive Permissions Granted Using Dsacls.EXE id: 01c42d3c-242d-4655-85b2-34f1739632f7 status: test description: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions references: - https://ss64.com/nt/dsacls.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc771151(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \dsacls.exe - OriginalFileName: DSACLS.EXE selection_flag: CommandLine|contains: ' /G ' selection_permissions: CommandLine|contains: - GR - GE - GW - GA - WP - WD condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators granting over permissive permissions to users level: medium
Query: campaign using Terminal Services DLL
Matching passage: T1505.005 Terminal Services DLL. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse components of Terminal Services to enable persistent access to systems. Microsoft Terminal Services, renamed to Remote Desktop Services in some Windows Server OSs as of 2022, enable remote terminal connections to hosts. Terminal Services allows servers to transmit a full, interactive, graphical user interface to clients via RDP.(Citation: Microsoft Remote Desktop Services) [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003)s that are run as a "generic" process (ex: <code>svchost.exe</code>) load the service's DLL file, the location of which is stored in a Registry entry named <code>ServiceDll</code>.(Citation: Microsoft System Services Fundamentals) The <code>termsrv.dll</code> file, typically stored in `%SystemRoot%\System32\`, is the default <code>ServiceDll</code> value for Terminal Services in `HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\services\TermService\Parameters\`. Adversaries may modify and/or replace the Terminal Services DLL to enable persistent access to victimized hosts.(Citation: James TermServ DLL) Modifications to this DLL could be done to execute arbitrary payloads (while also potentially preserving normal <code>termsrv.dll</code> functionality) as well as to simply enable abusable features of Terminal Services. For example, an adversary may enable features such as concurrent [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) sessions by either patching the <code>termsrv.dll</code> file or modifying the <code>ServiceDll</code> value to point to a DLL that provides increased RDP functionality.(Citation: Windows OS Hub RDP)(Citation: RDPWrap Github) On a non-server Windows OS this increased functionality may also enable an adversary to avoid Terminal Services prompts that warn/log out users of a system when a new RDP session is created.
Near-miss passage: T1505.003 Web Shell. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) In addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (e.g. [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3650
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3650. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. vmware-vmx.exe in VMware Workstation 7.x through 10.x before 10.0.7 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 5.x and 6.x before 6.0.7 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not provide a valid DACL pointer during the setup of the vprintproxy.exe process, which allows host OS users to gain host OS privileges by injecting a thread.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3407. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. Module::Signature before 0.74 allows remote attackers to bypass signature verification for files via a signature file that does not list the files.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
Matching passage: T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Near-miss passage: T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol.
Query: risk of Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in (1) includes/MapImportCSV2.php and (2) includes/MapImportCSV.php in the Easy2Map plugin before 1.3.0 for WordPress allow remote atta
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7669. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in (1) includes/MapImportCSV2.php and (2) includes/MapImportCSV.php in the Easy2Map plugin before 1.3.0 for WordPress allow remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary files via the csvfile parameter related to "upload file functionality."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4716. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 10.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in the routing component in ownCloud Server before 7.0.6 and 8.0.x before 8.0.4, when running on Windows, allows remote attackers to reinstall the application or execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: CWE for Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page
Matching passage: CWE-83 Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page. The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes javascript: or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.
Near-miss passage: CWE-584 Return Inside Finally Block. The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.
Query: detection rule: Detects the execution of Windows binaries from within a WSL instance. This could be used to masquerade parent-child rela
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Windows binaries from within a WSL instance. This could be used to masquerade parent-child rela. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Windows Binary Executed From WSL id: ed825c86-c009-4014-b413-b76003e33d35 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of Windows binaries from within a WSL instance. This could be used to masquerade parent-child relationships ' references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|re: '[a-zA-Z]:\\' CurrentDirectory|contains: \\\\wsl.localhost condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of the "accepteula" key related to the Sysinternals tools being created from executables with the w. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Suspicious Execution Of Renamed Sysinternals Tools - Registry id: f50f3c09-557d-492d-81db-9064a8d4e211 related: - id: 25ffa65d-76d8-4da5-a832-3f2b0136e133 type: derived - id: 8023f872-3f1d-4301-a384-801889917ab4 type: similar status: test description: Detects the creation of the "accepteula" key related to the Sysinternals tools being created from executables with the wrong name (e.g. a renamed Sysinternals tool) references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-24 modified: 2026-06-29 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1588.002 logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \Active Directory Explorer - \Handle - \LiveKd - \ProcDump - \Process Explorer - \PsExec - \PsLoggedon - \PsLoglist - \PsPasswd - \PsPing - \PsService - \SDelete TargetObject|endswith: \EulaAccepted filter: Image|endswith: - \ADExplorer.exe - \ADExplorer64.exe - \ADExplorer64a.exe - \handle.exe - \handle64.exe - \handle64a.exe - \livekd.exe - \livekd64.exe - \procdump.exe - \procdump64.exe - \procdump64a.exe - \procexp.exe - \procexp64.exe - \procexp64a.exe - \PsExec.exe - \PsExec64.exe - \PsExec64a.exe - \PsLoggedon.exe - \PsLoggedon64.exe - \psloglist.exe - \psloglist64.exe - \psloglist64a.exe - \pspasswd.exe - \pspasswd64.exe - \pspasswd64a.exe - \PsPing.exe - \PsPing64.exe - \PsPing64a.exe - \PsService.exe - \PsService64.exe - \PsService64a.exe - \sdelete.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_pua_sysinternals_renamed_execution_via_eula/info.yml