alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection rule: Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Configuration Changes id: 801bd44f-ceed-4eb6-887c-11544633c0aa related: - id: 1321dc4e-a1fe-481d-a016-52c45f0c8b4f type: similar - id: a3ab73f1-bd46-4319-8f06-4b20d0617886 type: similar - id: 91903aba-1088-42ee-b680-d6d94fe002b0 type: similar status: stable description: Detects suspicious changes to the Windows Defender configuration references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide - https://bidouillesecurity.com/disable-windows-defender-in-powershell/#DisableAntiSpyware author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-12-06 modified: 2023-11-24 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5007 NewValue|contains: - '\Windows Defender\DisableAntiSpyware ' - '\Windows Defender\Scan\DisableRemovableDriveScanning ' - '\Windows Defender\Scan\DisableScanningMappedNetworkDrivesForFullScan ' - '\Windows Defender\SpyNet\DisableBlockAtFirstSeen ' - '\Real-Time Protection\SpyNetReporting ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator activity (must be investigated) level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of AMSI provider registry key entries in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\AMSI. This technique could be used. Logsource: windows / registry_delete. Rule: title: Removal Of AMSI Provider Registry Keys id: 41d1058a-aea7-4952-9293-29eaaf516465 status: test description: Detects the deletion of AMSI provider registry key entries in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\AMSI. This technique could be used by an attacker in order to disable AMSI inspection. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md - https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Mar/45 author: frack113 date: 2021-06-07 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows category: registry_delete detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - '{2781761E-28E0-4109-99FE-B9D127C57AFE}' - '{A7C452EF-8E9F-42EB-9F2B-245613CA0DC9}' filter_main_defender: Image|startswith: - C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\ - C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Defender\ Image|endswith: \MsMpEng.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_delete/registry_delete_removal_amsi_registry_key/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: AMSI Bypass - Remove AMSI Provider Reg Key technique: T1562.001 atomic_guid: 13f09b91-c953-438e-845b-b585e51cac9b
Query: EDR alert: possible System Firmware (T1542.001)
Matching passage: T1542.001 System Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer.(Citation: Wikipedia BIOS)(Citation: Wikipedia UEFI)(Citation: About UEFI) System firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.
Near-miss passage: T1542.004 ROMMONkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardware and software when the platform is powered on or reset. Similar to [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005), an adversary may upgrade the ROMMON image locally or remotely (for example, through TFTP) with adversary code and restart the device in order to overwrite the existing ROMMON image. This provides adversaries with the means to update the ROMMON to gain persistence on a system in a way that may be difficult to detect.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7017
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7017. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. CoreText in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and iTunes before 12.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6975 and CVE-2015-6992.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6978. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6990, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-6993, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Query: exploit The IKE implementation in the WS-IPSEC-3 service module in Cisco IOS 12.2 on Catalyst 6500 devices allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device reload) by
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0771. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.300000190734863. The IKE implementation in the WS-IPSEC-3 service module in Cisco IOS 12.2 on Catalyst 6500 devices allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device reload) by sending a crafted message during IPsec tunnel setup, aka Bug ID CSCur70505.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0041. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0017, CVE-2015-0020, CVE-2015-0022, CVE-2015-0026, CVE-2015-0030, CVE-2015-0031, and CVE-2015-0036.
Query: risk of The samsung_extdisp driver in the Samsung S4 (GT-I9500) I9500XXUEMK8 kernel 3.4 and earlier allows attackers to potentially obtain sensitive information.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1800. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The samsung_extdisp driver in the Samsung S4 (GT-I9500) I9500XXUEMK8 kernel 3.4 and earlier allows attackers to potentially obtain sensitive information.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4138. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 does not include the HTTPOnly flag in a Set-Cookie header for the administrator's cookie, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive information via script access to this cookie, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2855.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1979
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1979. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Error dialog in IBM Case Manager 5.2.1 before 5.2.1.2 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted input to the (1) addressability or (2) comments component.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1176. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in upload/scp/tickets.php in osTicket before 1.9.5 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the status parameter in a search action.
Query: vulnerability: In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the validation of filesystem access was insufficient.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0574. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the validation of filesystem access was insufficient.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1492. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.5. Untrusted search path vulnerability in the client in Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in a client install package.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4036
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4036. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Array index error in the tcm_vhost_make_tpg function in drivers/vhost/scsi.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 might allow guest OS users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted VHOST_SCSI_SET_ENDPOINT ioctl call. NOTE: the affected function was renamed to vhost_scsi_make_tpg before the vulnerability was announced.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3681. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3679, CVE-2015-3680, and CVE-2015-3682.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3805
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3805. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted Mach-O file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3802.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6369. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The USB driver in Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted USB device that triggers invalid USB commands, aka Bug ID CSCux10531.
Query: exploit Impero Education Pro before 5105 uses a hardcoded CBC key and initialization vector derived from a hash of the Imp3ro string, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain p
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5997. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Impero Education Pro before 5105 uses a hardcoded CBC key and initialization vector derived from a hash of the Imp3ro string, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain plaintext data by sniffing the network for ciphertext data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0509. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion BI+ component in Oracle Hyperion 11.1.2.2 and 11.1.2.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Reporting and Analysis.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Input Injection
Matching passage: T1674 Input Injection. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed, or interacting directly with a GUI-based application. These actions can be preprogrammed into adversary tooling or executed through physical devices such as Human Interface Devices (HIDs). For example, adversaries have used tooling that monitors the Windows message loop to detect when a user visits bank-specific URLs. If detected, the tool then simulates keystrokes to open the developer console or select the address bar, pastes malicious JavaScript from the clipboard, and executes it - enabling manipulation of content within the browser, such as replacing bank account numbers during transactions.(Citation: BleepingComputer BackSwap)(Citation: welivesecurity BackSwap) Adversaries have also used malicious USB devices to emulate keystrokes that launch PowerShell, leading to the download and execution of malware from adversary-controlled servers.(Citation: BleepingComputer USB)
Near-miss passage: T1153 Source. Tactics: execution. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** The <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]</code>. Take note of the space after the ".". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual) Adversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.
Query: detection engineering for Application Window Discovery
Matching passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Near-miss passage: T1654 Log Enumeration. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)), or hosts within a compromised network ([Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018)). Host binaries may be leveraged to collect system logs. Examples include using `wevtutil.exe` or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) on Windows to access and/or export security event information.(Citation: WithSecure Lazarus-NoPineapple Threat Intel Report 2023)(Citation: Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor) In cloud environments, adversaries may leverage utilities such as the Azure VM Agent’s `CollectGuestLogs.exe` to collect security logs from cloud hosted infrastructure.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) Adversaries may also target centralized logging infrastructure such as SIEMs. Logs may also be bulk exported and sent to adversary-controlled infrastructure for offline analysis. In addition to gaining a better understanding of the environment, adversaries may also monitor logs in real time to track incident response procedures. This may allow them to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: Permiso GUI-Vil 2023)
Query: threat report mentioning Scheduled Transfer
Matching passage: T1029 Scheduled Transfer. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability. When scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) or [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).
Near-miss passage: T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service. A defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.(Citation: TLDRSec AWS Attacks) Adversaries may also use cloud-native mechanisms to share victim data with adversary-controlled cloud accounts, such as creating anonymous file sharing links or, in Azure, a shared access signature (SAS) URI.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Shared Access Signature) Incidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)
Query: threat report mentioning Non-Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Near-miss passage: T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1717. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1658, CVE-2015-1706, CVE-2015-1711, and CVE-2015-1718.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6031. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Buffer overflow in the IGDstartelt function in igd_desc_parse.c in the MiniUPnP client (aka MiniUPnPc) before 1.9.20150917 allows remote UPNP servers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an "oversized" XML element name.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / registry_set
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an attacker modifies the registry key "HtmlHelp Author" to achieve persistence. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via CHM Helper DLL id: 976dd1f2-a484-45ec-aa1d-0e87e882262b status: test description: Detects when an attacker modifies the registry key "HtmlHelp Author" to achieve persistence references: - https://persistence-info.github.io/Data/htmlhelpauthor.html - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2018/04/22/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-76/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-21 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \Software\Microsoft\HtmlHelp Author\Location - \Software\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\HtmlHelp Author\Location condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: All TCP traffic on particular port from attacker is routed to different port. ex. '/sbin/iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Bpfdoor TCP Ports Redirect id: 70b4156e-50fc-4523-aa50-c9dddf1993fc status: test description: 'All TCP traffic on particular port from attacker is routed to different port. ex. ''/sbin/iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.1 --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 42392'' The traffic looks like encrypted SSH communications going to TCP port 22, but in reality is being directed to the shell port once it hits the iptables rule for the attacker host only. ' references: - https://www.sandflysecurity.com/blog/bpfdoor-an-evasive-linux-backdoor-technical-analysis/ - https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/a-peek-behind-the-bpfdoor author: Rafal Piasecki date: 2022-08-10 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: cmd: type: EXECVE a0|endswith: iptables a1: -t a2: nat keywords: - --to-ports 42 - --to-ports 43 condition: cmd and keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate ports redirect level: medium
Query: SOC alert related to Downgrade System Image
Matching passage: T1601.002 Downgrade System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security. Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) On embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage. With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart. The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts. Downgrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600). Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).
Near-miss passage: T1601 Modify System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file. To change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it. This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.