alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: actor TTPs: Account Discovery
Matching passage: T1087 Account Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist, which can aid in follow-on behavior such as brute-forcing, spear-phishing attacks, or account takeovers (e.g., [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)). Adversaries may use several methods to enumerate accounts, including abuse of existing tools, built-in commands, and potential misconfigurations that leak account names and roles or permissions in the targeted environment. For examples, cloud environments typically provide easily accessible interfaces to obtain user lists.(Citation: AWS List Users)(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API) On hosts, adversaries can use default [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and other command line functionality to identify accounts. Information about email addresses and accounts may also be extracted by searching an infected system’s files.
Near-miss passage: T1087.001 Local Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior. Commands such as <code>net user</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility and <code>id</code> and <code>groups</code> on macOS and Linux can list local users and groups.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: id man page)(Citation: groups man page) On Linux, local users can also be enumerated through the use of the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file. On macOS, the <code>dscl . list /Users</code> command can be used to enumerate local accounts. On ESXi servers, the `esxcli system account list` command can list local user accounts.(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)
Query: SOC alert related to Cloud API
Matching passage: T1059.009 Cloud API. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to execute malicious commands. APIs available in cloud environments provide various functionalities and are a feature-rich method for programmatic access to nearly all aspects of a tenant. These APIs may be utilized through various methods such as command line interpreters (CLIs), in-browser Cloud Shells, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) modules like Azure for PowerShell(Citation: Microsoft - Azure PowerShell), or software developer kits (SDKs) available for languages such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006). Cloud API functionality may allow for administrative access across all major services in a tenant such as compute, storage, identity and access management (IAM), networking, and security policies. With proper permissions (often via use of credentials such as [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001) and [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to invoke various functions that execute malicious actions. For example, CLI and PowerShell functionality may be accessed through binaries installed on cloud-hosted or on-premises hosts or accessed through a browser-based cloud shell offered by many cloud platforms (such as AWS, Azure, and GCP). These cloud shells are often a packaged unified environment to use CLI and/or scripting modules hosted as a container in the cloud environment.
Near-miss passage: T1059.011 Lua. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Lua commands and scripts for execution. Lua is a cross-platform scripting and programming language primarily designed for embedded use in applications. Lua can be executed on the command-line (through the stand-alone lua interpreter), via scripts (<code>.lua</code>), or from Lua-embedded programs (through the <code>struct lua_State</code>).(Citation: Lua main page)(Citation: Lua state) Lua scripts may be executed by adversaries for malicious purposes. Adversaries may incorporate, abuse, or replace existing Lua interpreters to allow for malicious Lua command execution at runtime.(Citation: PoetRat Lua)(Citation: Lua Proofpoint Sunseed)(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny)(Citation: Kaspersky Lua)
Query: vulnerability: internal/XMLReader.cpp in Apache Xerces-C before 3.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via crafted XML data.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0252. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. internal/XMLReader.cpp in Apache Xerces-C before 3.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via crafted XML data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8705. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.0. buffer.c in named in ISC BIND 9.10.x before 9.10.3-P3, when debug logging is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon exit, or daemon crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via (1) OPT data or (2) an ECS option.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7810
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7810. CWE: CWE-367. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. libbluray MountManager class has a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race when expanding JAR files
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1743. CWE: CWE-367. CVSS: 5.099999904632568. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1748.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3111
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3111. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Photoshop CC before 16.0 (aka 2015.0.0) and Adobe Bridge CC before 6.11 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0795. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the SafeShellExecute method in the NetIQExecObject.NetIQExec.1 ActiveX control in NetIQExec.dll in NetIQ Security Solutions for iSeries 8.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via long arguments, aka ZDI-CAN-2699.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, int
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4789. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2583, CVE-2015-2624, CVE-2015-2626, CVE-2015-2640, CVE-2015-2654, CVE-2015-2656, CVE-2015-4754, CVE-2015-4764, CVE-2015-4775, CVE-2015-4776, CVE-2015-4777, CVE-2015-4778, CVE-2015-4780, CVE-2015-4781, CVE-2015-4782, CVE-2015-4783, CVE-2015-4784, CVE-2015-4785, CVE-2015-4786, CVE-2015-4787, and CVE-2015-4790.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4729. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u80 and 8u45 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Deployment.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / image_load
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "7za.dll". Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential 7za.DLL Sideloading id: 4f6edb78-5c21-42ab-a558-fd2a6fc1fd57 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "7za.dll" references: - https://www.gov.pl/attachment/ee91f24d-3e67-436d-aa50-7fa56acf789d author: X__Junior date: 2023-06-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \7za.dll filter_main_legit_path: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate third party application located in "AppData" may leverage this DLL to offer 7z compression functionality and may generate false positives. Apply additional filters as needed. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Sysmon registry detection of a local hidden user account.. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Creation of a Local Hidden User Account by Registry id: 460479f3-80b7-42da-9c43-2cc1d54dbccd status: test description: Sysmon registry detection of a local hidden user account. references: - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1387530414185664538 author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-05-03 modified: 2025-10-31 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: product: windows category: registry_event detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SAM\SAM\Domains\Account\Users\Names\ TargetObject|endswith: $\(Default) Image|endswith: \lsass.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_event/registry_event_add_local_hidden_user/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Create Hidden User in Registry technique: T1564.002 atomic_guid: 173126b7-afe4-45eb-8680-fa9f6400431c
Query: risk of The Web Server component in TIBCO LogLogic Unity before 1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges, and consequently obtain sensitive information, via an HTTP reque
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8090. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The Web Server component in TIBCO LogLogic Unity before 1.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges, and consequently obtain sensitive information, via an HTTP request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3320. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Lenovo USB Enhanced Performance Keyboard software before 2.0.2.2 includes active debugging code in SKHOOKS.DLL, which allows local users to obtain keypress information by accessing debug output.
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of the "cloudflared" tool to connect back to a tunnel. This was seen used by threat actors to maintain
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "cloudflared" tool to connect back to a tunnel. This was seen used by threat actors to maintain. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Cloudflared Tunnel Execution id: 9a019ffc-3580-4c9d-8d87-079f7e8d3fd4 status: test description: Detects execution of the "cloudflared" tool to connect back to a tunnel. This was seen used by threat actors to maintain persistence and remote access to compromised networks. references: - https://blog.reconinfosec.com/emergence-of-akira-ransomware-group - https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared - https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-apps author: Janantha Marasinghe, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-17 modified: 2023-12-20 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1102 - attack.t1090 - attack.t1572 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' tunnel ' - ' run ' CommandLine|contains: - '-config ' - '-credentials-contents ' - '-credentials-file ' - '-token ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of Cloudflared tunnel. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of special strings/null bits in order to potentially bypass AMSI functionalities. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential AMSI Bypass Script Using NULL Bits id: fa2559c8-1197-471d-9cdd-05a0273d4522 related: - id: 92a974db-ab84-457f-9ec0-55db83d7a825 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of special strings/null bits in order to potentially bypass AMSI functionalities references: - https://github.com/r00t-3xp10it/hacking-material-books/blob/43cb1e1932c16ff1f58b755bc9ab6b096046853f/obfuscation/simple_obfuscation.md#amsi-bypass-using-null-bits-satoshi author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-04 modified: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - if(0){{{0}}}' -f $(0 -as [char]) + - '#<NULL>' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported for users whose account were terminated in Azure AD, but still perf
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported for users whose account were terminated in Azure AD, but still perf. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Activity Performed by Terminated User id: 2e669ed8-742e-4fe5-b3c4-5a59b486c2ee status: test description: 'Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported for users whose account were terminated in Azure AD, but still perform activities in other platforms such as AWS or Salesforce. This is especially relevant for users who use another account to manage resources, since these accounts are often not terminated when a user leaves the company. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Activity performed by terminated user status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a renamed Microsoft Teams binary.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Microsoft Teams Execution id: 88f46b67-14d4-4f45-ac2c-d66984f22191 status: test description: Detects the execution of a renamed Microsoft Teams binary. references: - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-07-12 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: - msteams.exe - teams.exe filter_main_legit_names: Image|endswith: - \msteams.exe - \teams.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: explain CWE-918
Matching passage: CWE-918 Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
Near-miss passage: CWE-480 Use of Incorrect Operator. The product accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the logic in security-relevant ways.
Query: write Sigma for Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons. Logsource: dns. Rule: title: Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing id: 2975af79-28c4-4d2f-a951-9095f229df29 status: test description: Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons references: - https://www.icebrg.io/blog/footprints-of-fin7-tracking-actor-patterns - https://www.sekoia.io/en/hunting-and-detecting-cobalt-strike/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-05-10 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 logsource: category: dns detection: selection1: query|startswith: - aaa.stage. - post.1 selection2: query|contains: .stage.123456. condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Commandlet names and arguments from the Nishang exploitation framework. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Malicious Nishang PowerShell Commandlets id: f772cee9-b7c2-4cb2-8f07-49870adc02e0 status: test description: Detects Commandlet names and arguments from the Nishang exploitation framework references: - https://github.com/samratashok/nishang author: Alec Costello date: 2019-05-16 modified: 2023-01-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - Add-ConstrainedDelegationBackdoor - Copy-VSS - Create-MultipleSessions - DataToEncode - DNS_TXT_Pwnage - Do-Exfiltration-Dns - Download_Execute - Download-Execute-PS - DownloadAndExtractFromRemoteRegistry - DumpCerts - DumpCreds - DumpHashes - Enable-DuplicateToken - Enable-Duplication - Execute-Command-MSSQL - Execute-DNSTXT-Code - Execute-OnTime - ExetoText - exfill - ExfilOption - FakeDC - FireBuster - FireListener - 'Get-Information ' - Get-PassHints - Get-Web-Credentials - Get-WebCredentials - Get-WLAN-Keys - HTTP-Backdoor - Invoke-AmsiBypass - Invoke-BruteForce - Invoke-CredentialsPhish - Invoke-Decode - Invoke-Encode - Invoke-Interceptor - Invoke-JSRatRegsvr - Invoke-JSRatRundll - Invoke-MimikatzWDigestDowngrade - Invoke-NetworkRelay - Invoke-PowerShellIcmp - Invoke-PowerShellUdp - Invoke-Prasadhak - Invoke-PSGcat - Invoke-PsGcatAgent - Invoke-SessionGopher - Invoke-SSIDExfil - LoggedKeys - Nishang - NotAllNameSpaces - Out-CHM - OUT-DNSTXT - Out-HTA - Out-RundllCommand - Out-SCF - Out-SCT - Out-Shortcut - Out-WebQuery - Out-Word - Parse_Keys - Password-List - Powerpreter - Remove-Persistence - Remove-PoshRat - Remove-Update - Run-EXEonRemote - Set-DCShadowPermissions - Set-RemotePSRemoting - Set-RemoteWMI - Shellcode32 - Shellcode64 - StringtoBase64 - TexttoExe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit Schneider Electric Telvent Sage 2300 RTUs with firmware before C3413-500-S01, and LANDAC II-2, Sage 1410, Sage 1430, Sage 1450, Sage 2400, and Sage 3030M RTUs with firmware before 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6485. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Schneider Electric Telvent Sage 2300 RTUs with firmware before C3413-500-S01, and LANDAC II-2, Sage 1410, Sage 1430, Sage 1450, Sage 2400, and Sage 3030M RTUs with firmware before C3414-500-S02J2, allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory by reading a padding field of an Ethernet packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0999. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Schneider Electric InduSoft Web Studio before 7.1.3.4 SP3 Patch 4 and InTouch Machine Edition 2014 before 7.1.3.4 SP3 Patch 4 store cleartext OPC User credentials in a configuration file, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading this file.
Query: intelligence brief on T1546.002
Matching passage: T1546.002 Screensaver. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in <code>C:\Windows\System32\</code>, and <code>C:\Windows\sysWOW64\</code> on 64-bit Windows systems, along with screensavers included with base Windows installations. The following screensaver settings are stored in the Registry (<code>HKCU\Control Panel\Desktop\</code>) and could be manipulated to achieve persistence: * <code>SCRNSAVE.exe</code> - set to malicious PE path * <code>ScreenSaveActive</code> - set to '1' to enable the screensaver * <code>ScreenSaverIsSecure</code> - set to '0' to not require a password to unlock * <code>ScreenSaveTimeout</code> - sets user inactivity timeout before screensaver is executed Adversaries can use screensaver settings to maintain persistence by setting the screensaver to run malware after a certain timeframe of user inactivity.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1546.001 Change Default File Association. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access or by administrators using the built-in assoc utility.(Citation: Microsoft Change Default Programs)(Citation: Microsoft File Handlers)(Citation: Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017) Applications can modify the file association for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened. System file associations are listed under <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.[extension]</code>, for example <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt</code>. The entries point to a handler for that extension located at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]</code>. The various commands are then listed as subkeys underneath the shell key at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]\shell\\[action]\command</code>. For example: * <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\txtfile\shell\open\command</code> * <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\txtfile\shell\print\command</code> * <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\txtfile\shell\printto\command</code> The values of the keys listed are commands that are executed when the handler opens the file extension. Adversaries can modify these values to continually execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012)
Query: vulnerability: The (1) S_reghop3, (2) S_reghop4, and (3) S_reghopmaybe3 functions in regexec.c in Perl before 5.24.0 allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop)
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8853. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The (1) S_reghop3, (2) S_reghop4, and (3) S_reghopmaybe3 functions in regexec.c in Perl before 5.24.0 allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via crafted utf-8 data, as demonstrated by "a\x80."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9048. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in the processing of lost RTP packets.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Modify System Image
Matching passage: T1601 Modify System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file. To change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it. This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.
Near-miss passage: T1601.002 Downgrade System Image. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security. Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) On embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage. With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart. The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts. Downgrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600). Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).