alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: indicators of Code Repositories
Matching passage: T1593.003 Code Repositories. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public code repositories for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Victims may store code in repositories on various third-party websites such as GitHub, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git. Adversaries may search various public code repositories for various information about a victim. Public code repositories can often be a source of various general information about victims, such as commonly used programming languages and libraries as well as the names of employees. Adversaries may also identify more sensitive data, including accidentally leaked credentials or API keys.(Citation: GitHub Cloud Service Credentials) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)). **Note:** This is distinct from [Code Repositories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003), which focuses on [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009) from private and internally hosted code repositories.
Near-miss passage: T1593 Search Open Websites/Domains. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking) Adversaries may search in different online sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).
Query: vulnerability: Siri in Apple iOS before 9 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass an intended client-side protection mechanism and obtain sensitive content-notification information by lis
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5892. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Siri in Apple iOS before 9 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass an intended client-side protection mechanism and obtain sensitive content-notification information by listening to a device in the lock-screen state.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3711. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The NTFS implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information for the kernel via a crafted app.
Query: what is T1110.003
Matching passage: T1110.003 Password Spraying. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying) Typically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following: * SSH (22/TCP) * Telnet (23/TCP) * FTP (21/TCP) * NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP) * LDAP (389/TCP) * Kerberos (88/TCP) * RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP) * HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP) * MSSQL (1433/TCP) * Oracle (1521/TCP) * MySQL (3306/TCP) * VNC (5900/TCP) In addition to management services, adversaries may "target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols," as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) In order to avoid detection thresholds, adversaries may deliberately throttle password spraying attempts to avoid triggering security alerting. Additionally, adversaries may leverage LDAP and Kerberos authentication attempts, which are less likely to trigger high-visibility events such as Windows "logon failure" event ID 4625 that is commonly triggered by failed SMB connection attempts.(Citation: Microsoft Storm-0940)
Near-miss passage: T1110.002 Password Cracking. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Further, adversaries may leverage [Data from Configuration Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602) in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.
Query: risk of The host memory mapping path feature in the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R346 before 346.87 and R352 before 352.41 for Linux and R352 before 352.46 for GRID vGPU and vSGA does not pr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5053. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 10.0. The host memory mapping path feature in the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R346 before 346.87 and R352 before 352.41 for Linux and R352 before 352.46 for GRID vGPU and vSGA does not properly restrict access to third-party device IO memory, which allows attackers to gain privileges, cause a denial of service (resource consumption), or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors related to the follow_pfn kernel-mode API call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1464. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. RT (aka Request Tracker) before 4.0.23 and 4.2.x before 4.2.10 allows remote attackers to hijack sessions via an RSS feed URL.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Artificial Intelligence
Matching passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Near-miss passage: T1588.006 Vulnerabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database) An adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3209
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3209. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in the PCNET controller in QEMU allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending a packet with TXSTATUS_STARTPACKET set and then a crafted packet with TXSTATUS_DEVICEOWNS set.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5105. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5096 and CVE-2015-5098.
Query: vulnerability: The eshop_checkout function in checkout.php in the Wordpress Eshop plugin 6.3.11 and earlier does not validate variables in the "eshopcart" HTTP cookie, which allows remote attacke
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3421. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The eshop_checkout function in checkout.php in the Wordpress Eshop plugin 6.3.11 and earlier does not validate variables in the "eshopcart" HTTP cookie, which allows remote attackers to perform cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, or a path disclosure attack via crafted variables named after target PHP variables.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2359. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web applications in Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 8 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors, aka "Exchange HTML Injection Vulnerability."
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2383
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2383. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2384 and CVE-2015-2425.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6149. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6147.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects tampering with the "ChannelAccess" registry key in order to change access to Windows event channel.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects tampering with the "ChannelAccess" registry key in order to change access to Windows event channel.. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Change Winevt Channel Access Permission Via Registry id: 7d9263bd-dc47-4a58-bc92-5474abab390c status: test description: Detects tampering with the "ChannelAccess" registry key in order to change access to Windows event channel. references: - https://app.any.run/tasks/77b2e328-8f36-46b2-b2e2-8a80398217ab/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winevt/ - https://itconnect.uw.edu/tools-services-support/it-systems-infrastructure/msinf/other-help/understanding-sddl-syntax/ author: frack113 date: 2022-09-17 modified: 2024-03-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.001 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WINEVT\Channels\ TargetObject|endswith: \ChannelAccess Details|contains: - (A;;0x1;;;LA) - (A;;0x1;;;SY) - (A;;0x5;;;BA) filter_main_trustedinstaller: Image: C:\Windows\servicing\TrustedInstaller.exe filter_main_tiworker: Image|startswith: C:\Windows\WinSxS\ Image|endswith: \TiWorker.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "network" flag in order to retrieve information about the network con. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi Network Configuration Discovery Via ESXCLI id: 33e814e0-1f00-4e43-9c34-31fb7ae2b174 status: test description: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "network" flag in order to retrieve information about the network configuration. references: - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hypervisor-jackpotting-ecrime-actors-increase-targeting-of-esxi-servers/ - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_network.html author: Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-09-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.t1033 - attack.t1007 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains: network selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' get' - ' list' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the contacts application in ownCloud Server Community Edition before 5.0.19, 6.x before 6.0.7, and 7.x before 7.0.5 allow rem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3011. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the contacts application in ownCloud Server Community Edition before 5.0.19, 6.x before 6.0.7, and 7.x before 7.0.5 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted contact.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6913. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the "Create download task via URL" feature in Synology Download Station before 3.5-2967 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the urls parameter in an add_url_task action to dlm/downloadman.cgi.
Query: risk of Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7633. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7625, CVE-2015-7626, CVE-2015-7627, CVE-2015-7630, and CVE-2015-7634.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2448. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 and 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: detection rule: Detects the modification of an EC2 snapshot's permissions to enable access from another account
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the modification of an EC2 snapshot's permissions to enable access from another account. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS Snapshot Backup Exfiltration id: abae8fec-57bd-4f87-aff6-6e3db989843d status: test description: Detects the modification of an EC2 snapshot's permissions to enable access from another account references: - https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download author: Darin Smith date: 2021-05-17 modified: 2021-08-19 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1537 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection_source: eventSource: ec2.amazonaws.com eventName: ModifySnapshotAttribute condition: selection_source falsepositives: - Valid change to a snapshot's permissions level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the Notepad++ updater (gup.exe) makes DNS queries to domains that are not part of the known legitimate upda. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: Notepad++ Updater DNS Query to Uncommon Domains id: 2074e137-1b73-4e2d-88ba-5a3407dbdce0 status: experimental description: 'Detects when the Notepad++ updater (gup.exe) makes DNS queries to domains that are not part of the known legitimate update infrastructure. This could indicate potential exploitation of the updater mechanism or suspicious network activity that warrants further investigation. ' references: - https://notepad-plus-plus.org/news/v889-released/ - https://www.heise.de/en/news/Notepad-updater-installed-malware-11109726.html - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/tr-chrysalis-backdoor-dive-into-lotus-blossoms-toolkit/ - https://www.validin.com/blog/exploring_notepad_plus_plus_network_indicators/ - https://securelist.com/notepad-supply-chain-attack/118708/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-02-02 modified: 2026-03-16 tags: - attack.collection - attack.credential-access - attack.t1195.002 - attack.initial-access - attack.t1557 logsource: category: dns_query product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \gup.exe filter_main_notepad_legit_domain: QueryName: notepad-plus-plus.org filter_optional_sourceforge_legit_domain: QueryName|endswith: .sourceforge.net filter_optional_github_legit_domain: - QueryName|endswith: .githubusercontent.com - QueryName: github.com filter_optional_google_storage_legit_domain: QueryName|endswith: .googleapis.com filter_optional_uncommon_domains: QueryName|endswith: - .azurewebsites.net - block.opendns.com - gateway.zscalerthree.net condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Some legitimate network misconfigurations or proxy issues causing unexpected DNS queries. - Other legitimate query to official domains not listed in the filter, needing tuning. level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-3949
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3949. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Sinapsi eSolar Light with firmware before 2.0.3970_schsl_2.2.85 allows attackers to discover cleartext passwords by reading the HTML source code of the mail-configuration page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7940. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Bouncy Castle Java library before 1.51 does not validate a point is withing the elliptic curve, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain private keys via a series of crafted elliptic curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchanges, aka an "invalid curve attack."
Query: detection rule: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This rule detect u
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This rule detect u. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Binary Padding - MacOS id: 95361ce5-c891-4b0a-87ca-e24607884a96 status: test description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This rule detect using dd and truncate to add a junk data to file. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1027.001/T1027.001.md - https://linux.die.net/man/1/truncate - https://linux.die.net/man/1/dd author: Igor Fits, Mikhail Larin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-19 modified: 2023-02-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027.001 logsource: product: macos category: process_creation detection: selection_truncate: Image|endswith: /truncate CommandLine|contains: -s + selection_dd: Image|endswith: /dd CommandLine|contains: - if=/dev/zero - if=/dev/random - if=/dev/urandom condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate script work level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential DCOM InternetExplorer.Application DLL Hijack - Image Load id: f354eba5-623b-450f-b073-0b5b2773b6aa related: - id: e554f142-5cf3-4e55-ace9-a1b59e0def65 type: obsolete - id: 2f7979ae-f82b-45af-ac1d-2b10e93b0baa type: similar status: test description: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteDCOMIErtUtilDLLHijack/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR), wagga date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2022-12-18 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 - attack.t1021.003 logsource: product: windows category: image_load detection: selection: Image|endswith: \Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: \Internet Explorer\iertutil.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical