alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0411
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0411. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.40 and earlier, and 5.6.21 and earlier, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Security : Encryption.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5570. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5574, CVE-2015-5581, CVE-2015-5584, and CVE-2015-6682.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Suspicious Dynamic Linker Hijacking execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1574.006 Dynamic Linker Hijacking. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1574.006. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from various environment variables and files, such as <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> on Linux or <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> on macOS.(Cita
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1574.008 Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking. Different response path focused on stealth, execution.
Query: CWE for Encoding Error
Matching passage: CWE-172 Encoding Error. The product does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.
Near-miss passage: CWE-580 clone() Method Without super.clone(). The product contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.
Query: campaign using Access Token Manipulation
Matching passage: T1134 Access Token Manipulation. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token. An adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation) Any standard user can use the <code>runas</code> command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.
Near-miss passage: T1134.002 Create Process with Token. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs) Creating processes with a token not associated with the current user may require the credentials of the target user, specific privileges to impersonate that user, or access to the token to be used. For example, the token could be duplicated via [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) or created via [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003) before being used to create a process. While this technique is distinct from [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001), the techniques can be used in conjunction where a token is duplicated and then used to create a new process.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in unspecified administration pages in the EntityBulkDelete module 7.x-1.0 for Drupal allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4386. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in unspecified administration pages in the EntityBulkDelete module 7.x-1.0 for Drupal allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unknown vectors involving creating or editing (1) comments, (2) taxonomy terms, or (3) nodes.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1347. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in client.inc.php in osTicket before 1.9.5.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the lang parameter.
Query: what is T1546.014
Matching passage: T1546.014 Emond. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place. The rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.
Near-miss passage: T1546.009 AppCert DLLs. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppCertDLLs</code> Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\</code> are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions <code>CreateProcess</code>, <code>CreateProcessAsUser</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithLoginW</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code>, or <code>WinExec</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this value can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. Malicious AppCert DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity.
Query: exploit Integer overflow in the _zip_cdir_new function in zip_dirent.c in libzip 0.11.2 and earlier, as used in the ZIP extension in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x befor
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2331. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the _zip_cdir_new function in zip_dirent.c in libzip 0.11.2 and earlier, as used in the ZIP extension in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a ZIP archive that contains many entries, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4491. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the make_filter_table function in pixops/pixops.c in gdk-pixbuf before 2.31.5, as used in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 on Linux, Google Chrome on Linux, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) via crafted bitmap dimensions that are mishandled during scaling.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8644
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8644. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2628. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to CORBA.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Outlook Home Page
Matching passage: T1137.004 Outlook Home Page. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page) Once malicious home pages have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)
Near-miss passage: T1137.001 Office Template Macros. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template) Office Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) Word Normal.dotm location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm</code> Excel Personal.xlsb location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\PERSONAL.XLSB</code> Adversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under <code>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\</code>, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) An adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending
Query: risk of Heimdal, as used in Apple OS X before 10.11, allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks against the SMB server via packet data that represents a Kerberos authenticated reque
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5913. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Heimdal, as used in Apple OS X before 10.11, allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks against the SMB server via packet data that represents a Kerberos authenticated request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5464. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 1.2999999523162842. The Gemalto SafeNet Luna HSM allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended key-export restrictions by leveraging (1) crypto-user or (2) crypto-officer access to an HSM partition.
Query: alert when Detects execution of ntdsutil.exe to perform different actions such as restoring snapshots...etc.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of ntdsutil.exe to perform different actions such as restoring snapshots...etc.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Usage Of Active Directory Diagnostic Tool (ntdsutil.exe) id: a58353df-af43-4753-bad0-cd83ef35eef5 related: - id: 2afafd61-6aae-4df4-baed-139fa1f4c345 type: derived status: test description: Detects execution of ntdsutil.exe to perform different actions such as restoring snapshots...etc. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc731620(v=ws.11) - https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/espionage-asia-governments author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-14 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \ntdsutil.exe - OriginalFileName: ntdsutil.exe selection_cli: - CommandLine|contains|all: - snapshot - 'mount ' - CommandLine|contains|all: - ac - ' i' - ' ntds' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage to restore snapshots - Legitimate admin activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of getsystem Meterpreter/Cobalt Strike command by detecting a specific service installation. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Meterpreter or Cobalt Strike Getsystem Service Installation - System id: 843544a7-56e0-4dcc-a44f-5cc266dd97d6 status: test description: Detects the use of getsystem Meterpreter/Cobalt Strike command by detecting a specific service installation references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-privilege-escalation-in-windows-environment - https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2014/04/02/what-happens-when-i-type-getsystem/ author: Teymur Kheirkhabarov, Ecco, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-10-26 modified: 2023-11-15 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1134.001 - attack.t1134.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_id: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_cli_cmd: ImagePath|contains|all: - /c - echo - \pipe\ ImagePath|contains: - cmd - '%COMSPEC%' selection_cli_rundll: ImagePath|contains|all: - rundll32 - .dll,a - '/p:' selection_cli_share: ImagePath|startswith: \\\\127.0.0.1\\ADMIN$\ condition: selection_id and 1 of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9067
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9067. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a potential compiler optimization of memset() is addressed.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4752. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.43 and earlier and 5.6.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to Server : I_S.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4147
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4147. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.5. The SoapClient::__call method in ext/soap/soap.c in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 does not verify that __default_headers is an array, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by providing crafted serialized data with an unexpected data type, related to a "type confusion" issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7971. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Xen 3.2.x through 4.6.x does not limit the number of printk console messages when logging certain pmu and profiling hypercalls, which allows local guests to cause a denial of service via a sequence of crafted (1) HYPERCALL_xenoprof_op hypercalls, which are not properly handled in the do_xenoprof_op function in common/xenoprof.c, or (2) HYPERVISOR_xenpmu_op hypercalls, which are not properly handled in the do_xenpmu_op function in arch/x86/cpu/vpmu.c.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5330
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5330. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. ldb before 1.1.24, as used in the AD LDAP server in Samba 4.x before 4.1.22, 4.2.x before 4.2.7, and 4.3.x before 4.3.3, mishandles string lengths, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from daemon heap memory by sending crafted packets and then reading (1) an error message or (2) a database value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6418. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The random-number generator on Cisco Small Business RV routers 4.x and SA500 security appliances 2.2.07 does not have sufficient entropy, which makes it easier for remote attackers to determine a TLS key pair via unspecified computations upon handshake key-exchange data, aka Bug ID CSCus15224.
Query: alert when Detects processes creating temp files related to PCRE.NET package
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects processes creating temp files related to PCRE.NET package. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PCRE.NET Package Temp Files id: 6e90ae7a-7cd3-473f-a035-4ebb72d961da status: test description: Detects processes creating temp files related to PCRE.NET package references: - https://twitter.com/rbmaslen/status/1321859647091970051 - https://twitter.com/tifkin_/status/1321916444557365248 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-10-29 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\ba9ea7344a4a5f591d6e5dc32a13494b\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects enumeration of local network configuration. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: System Network Discovery - Linux id: e7bd1cfa-b446-4c88-8afb-403bcd79e3fa status: test description: Detects enumeration of local network configuration references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1016/T1016.md author: Ömer Günal and remotephone, oscd.community date: 2020-10-06 modified: 2022-09-15 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1016 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - /firewall-cmd - /ufw - /iptables - /netstat - /ss - /ip - /ifconfig - /systemd-resolve - /route selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: /etc/resolv.conf condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: informational
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5173
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5173. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cloud Foundry Runtime cf-release before 216, UAA before 2.5.2, and Pivotal Cloud Foundry (PCF) Elastic Runtime before 1.7.0 allow attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors involving emails with password recovery links, aka "Cross Domain Referer Leakage."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6303. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Cisco Spark application 2015-07-04 for mobile operating systems does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate, aka Bug IDs CSCut36742 and CSCut36844.
Query: command and control using Commonly Used Port
Matching passage: T1043 Commonly Used Port. Tactics: command and control. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.** Adversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as * TCP:80 (HTTP) * TCP:443 (HTTPS) * TCP:25 (SMTP) * TCP/UDP:53 (DNS) They may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are * TCP/UDP:135 (RPC) * TCP/UDP:22 (SSH) * TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)
Near-miss passage: T1573 Encrypted Channel. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3832
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3832. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple buffer overflows in MPEG4Extractor.cpp in libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via invalid size values of NAL units in MP4 data, aka internal bug 19641538.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0100. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: incident response steps for SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with MSBuild
Matching passage: Playbook for T1127.001 MSBuild. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1127.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild) Adversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. Th
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1127.003 JamPlus. Different response path focused on stealth, execution.