alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1546.004
Matching passage: T1546.004 Unix Shell Configuration Modification. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user’s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interface or remotely logs in (such as via SSH) a login shell is initiated. The login shell executes scripts from the system (<code>/etc</code>) and the user’s home directory (<code>~/</code>) to configure the environment. All login shells on a system use /etc/profile when initiated. These configuration scripts run at the permission level of their directory and are often used to set environment variables, create aliases, and customize the user’s environment. When the shell exits or terminates, additional shell scripts are executed to ensure the shell exits appropriately. Adversaries may attempt to establish persistence by inserting commands into scripts automatically executed by shells. Using bash as an example, the default shell for most GNU/Linux systems, adversaries may add commands that launch malicious binaries into the <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code> files.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)(Citation: bencane blog bashrc) These files typically require root permissions to modify and are executed each time any shell on a system launches. For user level permissions, adversaries can insert malicious commands into <code>~/.bash_profile</code>, <code>~/.bash_login</code>, or <code>~/.profile</code> which are sourced when a user opens a command-line interface or connects remotely.(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: Linux manual bash invocation) Since the system only executes the first existing file in the listed order, adversaries have used <code>~/.bash_profile</code> to ensure execution. Adversaries have also leveraged the <code>~/.bashrc</code> file which is additionally executed if the connection is established remotely or
Near-miss passage: T1546.005 Trap. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>. Adversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format <code>trap 'command list' signals</code> where "command list" will be executed when "signals" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in EMC RSA Identity Management & Governance (IMG) before 7.0.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4539. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in EMC RSA Identity Management & Governance (IMG) before 7.0.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0749. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack on the affected software. The vulnerabilities is due to improper input validation of certain parameters passed to the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by convincing a user to follow a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected site or allow the attacker to access sensitive browser-based information.
Query: detect Detects the execution of the hdiutil utility in order to mount disk images. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the hdiutil utility in order to mount disk images.. Logsource: macos / process_creation. Rule: title: Disk Image Mounting Via Hdiutil - MacOS id: bf241472-f014-4f01-a869-96f99330ca8c status: test description: Detects the execution of the hdiutil utility in order to mount disk images. references: - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/hdiutil/ - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/from-the-front-linesunsigned-macos-orat-malware-gambles-for-the-win/ - https://ss64.com/mac/hdiutil.html author: Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe) date: 2024-08-10 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.collection - attack.t1566.001 - attack.t1560.001 logsource: product: macos category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /hdiutil CommandLine|contains: - 'attach ' - 'mount ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of hdiutil by administrators and users. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of SharpUp, a tool for local privilege escalation. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - SharpUp PrivEsc Tool Execution id: c484e533-ee16-4a93-b6ac-f0ea4868b2f1 status: test description: Detects the use of SharpUp, a tool for local privilege escalation references: - https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpUp author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-20 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1615 - attack.t1569.002 - attack.t1574.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \SharpUp.exe - Description: SharpUp - CommandLine|contains: - HijackablePaths - UnquotedServicePath - ProcessDLLHijack - ModifiableServiceBinaries - ModifiableScheduledTask - DomainGPPPassword - CachedGPPPassword condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Query: describe CVE-2015-4915
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4915. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Integrated Lights Out Manager (ILOM) component in Oracle Sun Systems Products Suite 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to System Management.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0475. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Technology component in Oracle JD Edwards Products 9.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Web Runtime Security.
Query: detection rule: An adversary might use WMI to check if a certain remote service is running on a remote device. When the test completes,
Matching passage: Sigma rule: An adversary might use WMI to check if a certain remote service is running on a remote device. When the test completes,. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Service Reconnaissance Via Wmic.EXE id: 76f55eaa-d27f-4213-9d45-7b0e4b60bbae related: - id: 68bcd73b-37ef-49cb-95fc-edc809730be6 type: similar status: test description: 'An adversary might use WMI to check if a certain remote service is running on a remote device. When the test completes, a service information will be displayed on the screen if it exists. A common feedback message is that "No instance(s) Available" if the service queried is not running. A common error message is "Node - (provided IP or default) ERROR Description =The RPC server is unavailable" if the provided remote host is unreachable ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1047/T1047.md - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wmic - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/cimwin32prov/win32-service author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-14 modified: 2026-01-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \WMIC.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: service filter_main_manipulation: CommandLine|contains: - stopservice - startservice filter_main_win32_methods: CommandLine|contains: - Change - Create - Delete - PauseService - ResumeService - SetSecurityDescriptor - StartService - StopService - UserControlService condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: WMI Reconnaissance List Remote Services technique: T1047 atomic_guid: 0fd48ef7-d890-4e93-a533-f7dedd5191d3 regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_wmic_recon_service/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when S3 bucket versioning is disabled. Threat actors use this technique during AWS ransomware incidents prior to. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS S3 Bucket Versioning Disable id: a136ac98-b2bc-4189-a14d-f0d0388e57a7 status: test description: Detects when S3 bucket versioning is disabled. Threat actors use this technique during AWS ransomware incidents prior to deleting S3 objects. references: - https://invictus-ir.medium.com/ransomware-in-the-cloud-7f14805bbe82 author: Sean Johnstone | Unit 42 date: 2023-10-28 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: s3.amazonaws.com eventName: PutBucketVersioning requestParameters|contains: Suspended condition: selection falsepositives: - AWS administrator legitimately disabling bucket versioning level: medium
Query: intelligence brief on T1591.004
Matching passage: T1591.004 Identify Roles. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business roles may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).
Near-miss passage: T1591.001 Determine Physical Locations. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).
Query: incident response steps for Outbound C2 pattern associated with Purchase Technical Data
Matching passage: Playbook for T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1597.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmark
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: risk of WebKit, as used in JavaScriptCore in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption an
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5823. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in JavaScriptCore in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7107. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickLook in Apple iOS before 9.2 and OS X before 10.11.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted iWork file.
Query: exploit The management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions an
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5690. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.5. The management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary commands by leveraging a "redirect."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4237. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The CLI parser in Cisco NX-OS 4.1(2)E1(1), 6.2(11b), 6.2(12), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.1), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.3), and 9.1(1)SV1(3.1.8) on Nexus devices allows local users to execute arbitrary OS commands via crafted characters in a filename, aka Bug IDs CSCuv08491, CSCuv08443, CSCuv08480, CSCuv08448, CSCuu99291, CSCuv08434, and CSCuv08436.
Query: impact using Stored Data Manipulation
Matching passage: T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Stored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565.003 Runtime Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Adversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: detect Detects the creation of the default output filename used by the wmiexec tool in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of the default output filename used by the wmiexec tool. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Wmiexec Default Output File id: 8d5aca11-22b3-4f22-b7ba-90e60533e1fb status: test description: Detects the creation of the default output filename used by the wmiexec tool references: - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-to-detect-and-prevent-impackets-wmiexec/ - https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/f4b848fa27654ca95bc0f4c73dbba8b9c2c9f30a/examples/wmiexec.py author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-02 modified: 2023-03-08 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.execution - attack.t1047 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: - TargetFilename|re: \\Windows\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$ - TargetFilename|re: C:\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$ - TargetFilename|re: D:\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect modification of TreatAs key to enable "rundll32.exe -sta" command. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: COM Hijacking via TreatAs id: dc5c24af-6995-49b2-86eb-a9ff62199e82 status: test description: Detect modification of TreatAs key to enable "rundll32.exe -sta" command references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1546.015/T1546.015.md - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gz1QmiMhss&t=1251s author: frack113 date: 2022-08-28 modified: 2025-07-11 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1546.015 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: TreatAs\(Default) filter_office: Image|startswith: C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\ClickToRun\ Image|endswith: \OfficeClickToRun.exe filter_office2: Image: - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\integration\integrator.exe - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\root\integration\integrator.exe filter_svchost: Image: C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe filter_misexec: Image: - C:\Windows\system32\msiexec.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msiexec.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in HP WebInspect 7.x through 10.4 before 10.4 update 1 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via unknown vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2125. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in HP WebInspect 7.x through 10.4 before 10.4 update 1 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3907. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. CodeIgniter Rest Server (aka codeigniter-restserver) 2.7.1 allows XXE attacks.
Query: rule covering Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN conn
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN conn. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - New Local User Created id: ddbbe845-1d74-43a8-8231-2156d180234d status: experimental description: 'Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN connections. ' references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/109120963/config-user-local - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: user.local condition: selection falsepositives: - A local user can be created for legitimate purposes. Investigate the user details to determine if it is authorized. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Code Integrity (CI) engine blocking processes from loading unsigned DLLs residing in suspicious locations. Logsource: windows / security-mitigations. Rule: title: Unsigned Binary Loaded From Suspicious Location id: 8289bf8c-4aca-4f5a-9db3-dc3d7afe5c10 status: test description: Detects Code Integrity (CI) engine blocking processes from loading unsigned DLLs residing in suspicious locations references: - https://github.com/nasbench/EVTX-ETW-Resources/blob/45fd5be71a51aa518b1b36d4e1f36af498084e27/ETWEventsList/CSV/Windows11/21H2/W11_21H2_Pro_20220719_22000.795/Providers/Microsoft-Windows-Security-Mitigations.csv author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-03 modified: 2022-09-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: product: windows service: security-mitigations detection: selection: EventID: - 11 - 12 ImageName|contains: - \Users\Public\ - \PerfLogs\ - \Desktop\ - \Downloads\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - C:\Windows\TEMP\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: adversary uses Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
Matching passage: T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications.
Near-miss passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.