alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS) before 2.49 uses temporary folder locations that allow unprivileged local users to overwrite files. This allows a local attack in which ei
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9267. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 5.5. Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS) before 2.49 uses temporary folder locations that allow unprivileged local users to overwrite files. This allows a local attack in which either a plugin or the uninstaller can be replaced by a Trojan horse program.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5071. CWE: CWE-269. CVSS: 6.5. AR System Mid Tier in the AR System Mid Tier component before 9.0 SP1 for BMC Remedy AR System Server allows remote authenticated users to "navigate" to arbitrary files via the __report parameter of the BIRT viewer servlet.
Query: how to detect Embedded Payloads
Matching passage: T1027.009 Embedded Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may embed payloads within other files to conceal malicious content from defenses. Otherwise seemingly benign files (such as scripts and executables) may be abused to carry and obfuscate malicious payloads and content. In some cases, embedded payloads may also enable adversaries to [Subvert Trust Controls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553) by not impacting execution controls such as digital signatures and notarization tickets.(Citation: Sentinel Labs) Adversaries may embed payloads in various file formats to hide payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Learn) This is similar to [Steganography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003), though does not involve weaving malicious content into specific bytes and patterns related to legitimate digital media formats.(Citation: GitHub PSImage) For example, adversaries have been observed embedding payloads within or as an overlay of an otherwise benign binary.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack2) Adversaries have also been observed nesting payloads (such as executables and run-only scripts) inside a file of the same format.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021) Embedded content may also be used as [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) payloads used to infect benign system processes.(Citation: Trend Micro) These embedded then injected payloads may be used as part of the modules of malware designed to provide specific features such as encrypting C2 communications in support of an orchestrator module. For example, an embedded module may be injected into default browsers, allowing adversaries to then communicate via the network.(Citation: Malware Analysis Report ComRAT)
Near-miss passage: T1027.003 Steganography. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) By the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)
Query: exploit Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via unspecified vectors
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3058. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4375. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Chaos tool suite (ctools) module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.7 for Drupal allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive node titles via (1) an autocomplete search on custom entities without an access query tag or (2) leveraging knowledge of the ID of an entity.
Query: write Sigma for Detects command line parameters used by Koadic hack tool
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Koadic hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Koadic Execution id: 5cddf373-ef00-4112-ad72-960ac29bac34 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Koadic hack tool references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/ - https://github.com/offsecginger/koadic/blob/457f9a3ff394c989cdb4c599ab90eb34fb2c762c/data/stager/js/stdlib.js - https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-koadic-a-com-based-rootkit/ author: wagga, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community date: 2020-01-12 modified: 2023-02-11 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 - attack.t1059.005 - attack.t1059.007 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - /q - /c - chcp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user disables the Windows Firewall via a Profile to help evade defense.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Windows Firewall Profile Disabled id: 488b44e7-3781-4a71-888d-c95abfacf44d related: - id: 12f6b752-042d-483e-bf9c-915a6d06ad75 type: similar status: test description: Detects when a user disables the Windows Firewall via a Profile to help evade defense. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/netsecurity/set-netfirewallprofile?view=windowsserver2022-ps - https://www.tutorialspoint.com/how-to-get-windows-firewall-profile-settings-using-powershell - https://web.archive.org/web/20230929023836/http://powershellhelp.space/commands/set-netfirewallrule-psv5.php - http://woshub.com/manage-windows-firewall-powershell/ - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/windows-firewall-disabled-via-powershell.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-10-12 modified: 2022-12-30 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_args: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - 'Set-NetFirewallProfile ' - ' -Enabled ' - ' False' selection_opt: ScriptBlockText|contains: - ' -All ' - Public - Domain - Private condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: risk of The xmlParseConditionalSections function in parser.c in libxml2 does not properly skip intermediary entities when it stops parsing invalid input, which allows context-dependent att
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7942. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The xmlParseConditionalSections function in parser.c in libxml2 does not properly skip intermediary entities when it stops parsing invalid input, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via crafted XML data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7941.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3310. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the rc_mksid function in plugins/radius/util.c in Paul's PPP Package (ppp) 2.4.6 and earlier, when the PID for pppd is greater than 65535, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a start accounting message to the RADIUS server.
Query: write Sigma for Detect the harvesting of wifi credentials using netsh.exe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect the harvesting of wifi credentials using netsh.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Harvesting Of Wifi Credentials Via Netsh.EXE id: 42b1a5b8-353f-4f10-b256-39de4467faff status: test description: Detect the harvesting of wifi credentials using netsh.exe references: - https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/ author: Andreas Hunkeler (@Karneades), oscd.community date: 2020-04-20 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.credential-access - attack.t1040 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \netsh.exe - OriginalFileName: netsh.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - wlan - ' s' - ' p' - ' k' - =clear condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect AD credential dumping using impacket secretdump HKTL. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Possible Impacket SecretDump Remote Activity id: 252902e3-5830-4cf6-bf21-c22083dfd5cf status: test description: Detect AD credential dumping using impacket secretdump HKTL references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20230329153811/https://blog.menasec.net/2019/02/threat-huting-10-impacketsecretdump.html author: Samir Bousseaden, wagga date: 2019-04-03 modified: 2022-08-11 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 - attack.t1003.004 - attack.t1003.003 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The advanced audit policy setting "Object Access > Audit Detailed File Share" must be configured for Success/Failure detection: selection: EventID: 5145 ShareName: \\\\\*\\ADMIN$ RelativeTargetName|contains|all: - SYSTEM32\ - .tmp condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: OS Architecture Discovery Via Grep id: d27ab432-2199-483f-a297-03633c05bae6 status: test description: 'Detects the use of grep to identify information about the operating system architecture. Often combined beforehand with the execution of "uname" or "cat /proc/cpuinfo" ' references: - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html - https://jstnk9.github.io/jstnk9/research/GobRAT-Malware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-06-02 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1082 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_process: Image|endswith: /grep selection_architecture: CommandLine|endswith: - aarch64 - arm - i386 - i686 - mips - x86_64 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the OpenEDR ssh-shellhost.exe spawning a command shell (cmd.exe) or PowerShell with PTY (pseudo-terminal) capabi. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: OpenEDR Spawning Command Shell id: 7f3a9c2d-4e8b-4a7f-9d3e-5c6f8a9b2e1d status: experimental description: 'Detects the OpenEDR ssh-shellhost.exe spawning a command shell (cmd.exe) or PowerShell with PTY (pseudo-terminal) capabilities. This may indicate remote command execution through OpenEDR''s remote management features, which could be legitimate administrative activity or potential abuse of the remote access tool. Threat actors may leverage OpenEDR''s remote shell capabilities to execute commands on compromised systems, facilitating lateral movement or other command-and-control operations. ' author: '@kostastsale' date: 2026-02-19 references: - https://kostas-ts.medium.com/detecting-abuse-of-openedrs-permissive-edr-trial-a-security-researcher-s-perspective-fc55bf53972c tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.004 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: ParentImage|endswith: \ITSMService.exe Image|endswith: \ssh-shellhost.exe CommandLine|contains: --pty selection_cli_shell: CommandLine|contains: - bash - cmd - powershell - pwsh condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of OpenEDR for remote command execution level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-6610
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6610. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48X and 6.0 before 2015-11-01 allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted application, aka internal bug 23707088.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2372. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. vbscript.dll in Microsoft VBScript 5.6 through 5.8, as used with Internet Explorer 6 through 11 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "VBScript Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: mod_auth in lighttpd before 1.4.36 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary log entries via a basic HTTP authentication string without a colon character, as demonstrated by a st
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3200. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.5. mod_auth in lighttpd before 1.4.36 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary log entries via a basic HTTP authentication string without a colon character, as demonstrated by a string containing a NULL and new line character.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1169. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.5. Apereo Central Authentication Service (CAS) Server before 3.5.3 allows remote attackers to conduct LDAP injection attacks via a crafted username, as demonstrated by using a wildcard and a valid password to bypass LDAP authentication.
Query: vulnerability: Heap-based buffer overflow in the License Server (LicenseServer.exe) in Wavelink Terminal Emulation (TE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large HTTP header.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4059. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in the License Server (LicenseServer.exe) in Wavelink Terminal Emulation (TE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large HTTP header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4493. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the stagefright::ESDS::parseESDescriptor function in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an invalid size field in an esds chunk in MPEG-4 video data, a related issue to CVE-2015-1539.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7654
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7654. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted attachSound arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7653, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7658, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, CVE-2015-8044, and CVE-2015-8046.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1921. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF17 and 8.5.0 before CF06 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a crafted URL.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4324
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4324. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Buffer overflow in Cisco NX-OS on Nexus 1000V devices for VMware vSphere 7.3(0)ZN(0.81), Nexus 3000 devices 7.3(0)ZN(0.81), Nexus 4000 devices 4.1(2)E1(1c), Nexus 7000 devices 7.2(0)N1(0.1), and Nexus 9000 devices 7.3(0)ZN(0.81) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (IGMP process restart) via a malformed IGMPv3 packet that is mishandled during memory allocation, aka Bug IDs CSCuv69713, CSCuv69717, CSCuv69723, CSCuv69732, and CSCuv48908.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4501. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4812
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4812. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.9 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to OSSL Module.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2652. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Marketing component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Web Management.
Query: detection rule: Detects the use of HandleKatz, a tool that demonstrates the usage of cloned handles to Lsass in order to create an obfus
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of HandleKatz, a tool that demonstrates the usage of cloned handles to Lsass in order to create an obfus. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - HandleKatz LSASS Dumper Execution id: ca621ba5-54ab-4035-9942-d378e6fcde3c status: test description: Detects the use of HandleKatz, a tool that demonstrates the usage of cloned handles to Lsass in order to create an obfuscated memory dump of the same references: - https://github.com/codewhitesec/HandleKatz author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-18 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_loader_img: Image|endswith: \loader.exe CommandLine|contains: '--pid:' selection_loader_imphash: Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=38D9E015591BBFD4929E0D0F47FA0055 - IMPHASH=0E2216679CA6E1094D63322E3412D650 selection_flags: CommandLine|contains|all: - '--pid:' - '--outfile:' CommandLine|contains: - .dmp - lsass - .obf - dump condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Monitor and alert for Sign-ins by unknown devices from non-Trusted locations.. Logsource: azure / signinlogs. Rule: title: Sign-ins by Unknown Devices id: 4d136857-6a1a-432a-82fc-5dd497ee5e7c status: test description: Monitor and alert for Sign-ins by unknown devices from non-Trusted locations. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-devices#non-compliant-device-sign-in author: Michael Epping, '@mepples21' date: 2022-06-28 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: signinlogs detection: selection: AuthenticationRequirement: singleFactorAuthentication ResultType: 0 NetworkLocationDetails: '[]' DeviceDetail.deviceId: '' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: explain CWE-665
Matching passage: CWE-665 Improper Initialization. The product does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.
Near-miss passage: CWE-807 Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision. The product uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Protocol Tunneling
Matching passage: T1572 Protocol Tunneling. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. There are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) Adversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol or Service Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.
Near-miss passage: T1205.001 Port Knocking. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software. This technique has been observed both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system. The observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.