alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 6.0 through 6.0.0.11, 7.0 through 7.0.0.9, and 7.0 Feature Pack 8 allows remote authenticated users to hij
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5007. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Commerce 6.0 through 6.0.0.11, 7.0 through 7.0.0.9, and 7.0 Feature Pack 8 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that insert XSS sequences.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2861. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Vesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-14 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Query: weakness Missing Critical Step in Authentication
Matching passage: CWE-304 Missing Critical Step in Authentication. The product implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.
Near-miss passage: CWE-756 Missing Custom Error Page. The product does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5857
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5857. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. Mail in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to use an address-book contact as a spoofed e-mail sender address via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8368. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.0. ntopng (aka ntop) before 2.2 allows remote authenticated users to change the login context and gain privileges via the user cookie and username parameter to admin/password_reset.lua.
Query: vulnerability: SQL injection vulnerability in the Image Management component in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager 8.1(4) allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL comma
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0684. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the Image Management component in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager 8.1(4) allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuq52515.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7346. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in ZCMS 1.1.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching System Services
Matching passage: T1569 System Services. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.
Near-miss passage: T1569.001 Launchctl. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man) Adversaries use launchctl to execute commands and programs as [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s. Common subcommands include: <code>launchctl load</code>,<code>launchctl unload</code>, and <code>launchctl start</code>. Adversaries can use scripts or manually run the commands <code>launchctl load -w "%s/Library/LaunchAgents/%s"</code> or <code>/bin/launchctl load</code> to execute [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Query: common weakness: Privilege Context Switching Error
Matching passage: CWE-270 Privilege Context Switching Error. The product does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.
Near-miss passage: CWE-235 Improper Handling of Extra Parameters. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.
Query: intelligence brief on T1036.002
Matching passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: Sigma rule for Detects WinRAR creating files in Windows startup locations, which may indicate an attempt to establish persistence by ad
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects WinRAR creating files in Windows startup locations, which may indicate an attempt to establish persistence by ad. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: WinRAR Creating Files in Startup Locations id: 74a2b37d-fea4-41e0-9ac7-c9fbcf1f60cc status: experimental description: 'Detects WinRAR creating files in Windows startup locations, which may indicate an attempt to establish persistence by adding malicious files to the Startup folder. This kind of behaviour has been associated with exploitation of WinRAR path traversal vulnerability CVE-2025-6218 or CVE-2025-8088. ' references: - https://github.com/mulwareX/CVE-2025-6218-POC - https://x.com/0x534c/status/1944694507787710685 - https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/update-winrar-tools-now-romcom-and-others-exploiting-zero-day-vulnerability/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-07-16 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \WinRAR.exe - \Rar.exe TargetFilename|contains: \Start Menu\Programs\Startup\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the registry value "PythonFunctionWarnings" that would prevent any warnings or alerts from showing wh. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Python Function Execution Security Warning Disabled In Excel - Registry id: 17e53739-a1fc-4a62-b1b9-87711c2d5e44 related: - id: 023c654f-8f16-44d9-bb2b-00ff36a62af9 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to the registry value "PythonFunctionWarnings" that would prevent any warnings or alerts from showing when Python functions are about to be executed. Threat actors could run malicious code through the new Microsoft Excel feature that allows Python to run within the spreadsheet. ' references: - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/data-security-and-python-in-excel-33cc88a4-4a87-485e-9ff9-f35958278327 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), @Kostastsale date: 2024-08-23 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \Microsoft\Office\ TargetObject|endswith: \Excel\Security\PythonFunctionWarnings Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in FancyFon FAMOC before 3.17.4 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) LoginForm[username] to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1512. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in FancyFon FAMOC before 3.17.4 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) LoginForm[username] to ui/system/login or the (2) order or (3) myorgs to index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0139. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.0.0 through 8.0.0.1 CF15 and 8.5.0 before CF05 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5601
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5601. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. edx-platform before 2015-07-20 allows code execution by privileged users because the course import endpoint mishandles .tar.gz files.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9259. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Docker Notary before 0.1, the checkRoot function in gotuf/client/client.go does not check expiry of root.json files, despite a comment stating that it does. Even if a user creates a new root.json file after a key compromise, an attacker can produce update files referring to an old root.json file.
Query: weakness Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size
Matching passage: CWE-469 Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size. The product subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.
Near-miss passage: CWE-46 Path Equivalence: 'filename ' (Trailing Space). The product accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0001
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0001. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. The Windows Error Reporting (WER) component in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to bypass the Protected Process Light protection mechanism and read the contents of arbitrary process-memory locations by leveraging administrative privileges, aka "Windows Error Reporting Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2366. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: cURL and libcurl 7.40.0 through 7.42.1 send the HTTP Basic authentication credentials for a previous connection when reusing a reset (curl_easy_reset) connection handle to send a r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3236. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. cURL and libcurl 7.40.0 through 7.42.1 send the HTTP Basic authentication credentials for a previous connection when reusing a reset (curl_easy_reset) connection handle to send a request to the same host name, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7434. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. IBM Capacity Management Analytics 2.1.0.0 allows local users to discover encrypted usernames and passwords by leveraging access to the CMA install machine. IBM X-Force ID: 107863.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects potential DLL sideloading of "libcurl.dll" by the "gup.exe" process from an uncommon location
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "libcurl.dll" by the "gup.exe" process from an uncommon location. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential DLL Sideloading Of Libcurl.DLL Via GUP.EXE id: e49b5745-1064-4ac1-9a2e-f687bc2dd37e status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "libcurl.dll" by the "gup.exe" process from an uncommon location references: - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/fin7-target-veeam-servers author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-05 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \gup.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: \libcurl.dll filter_main_notepad_plusplus: Image|endswith: \Notepad++\updater\GUP.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of wmic utility with the "computersystem" flag in order to obtain information about the machine such a. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Computer System Reconnaissance Via Wmic.EXE id: 9d7ca793-f6bd-471c-8d0f-11e68b2f0d2f status: test description: Detects execution of wmic utility with the "computersystem" flag in order to obtain information about the machine such as the domain, username, model, etc. references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/09/07/profiling-dev-0270-phosphorus-ransomware-operations/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-08 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.t1047 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wmic.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: computersystem condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_wmic_recon_computersystem/info.yml
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7993
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7993. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The Extended Application Services (aka XS or XS Engine) in SAP HANA DB 1.00.73.00.389160 (NewDB100_REL) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors related to "HTTP Login," aka SAP Security Note 2197397.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8737. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The mp2t_open function in wiretap/mp2t.c in the MP2T file parser in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the bit rate, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (divide-by-zero error and application crash) via a crafted file.
Query: telemetry for T1114.001
Matching passage: T1114.001 Local Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files. Outlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Outlook Files` or `C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook`.(Citation: Microsoft Outlook Files)
Near-miss passage: T1114.002 Remote Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office 365, or Google Workspace to access email using credentials or access tokens. Tools such as [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to automate searches for specific keywords.
Query: EDR alert: possible Search Closed Sources (T1597)
Matching passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: risk of The send package before 0.11.1 for Node.js allows attackers to obtain the root path via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8859. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The send package before 0.11.1 for Node.js allows attackers to obtain the root path via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7303. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in the Update Manager service in Avira Management Console allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large header.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the use of the bcdedit command to tamper with the boot configuration data. This technique is often times used by
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the bcdedit command to tamper with the boot configuration data. This technique is often times used by. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Boot Configuration Tampering Via Bcdedit.EXE id: 1444443e-6757-43e4-9ea4-c8fc705f79a2 status: stable description: Detects the use of the bcdedit command to tamper with the boot configuration data. This technique is often times used by malware or attackers as a destructive way before launching ransomware. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1490/T1490.md - https://eqllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/analytics/c4732632-9c1d-4980-9fa8-1d98c93f918e.html author: E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Endgame), oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2023-02-15 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \bcdedit.exe - OriginalFileName: bcdedit.exe selection_set: CommandLine|contains: set selection_cli: - CommandLine|contains|all: - bootstatuspolicy - ignoreallfailures - CommandLine|contains|all: - recoveryenabled - 'no' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Windows - Disable Windows Recovery Console Repair technique: T1490 atomic_guid: cf21060a-80b3-4238-a595-22525de4ab81
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Curl File Upload To File Sharing Websites id: e328cc73-f92a-42fb-b3fa-7c2cffda981a related: - id: 00bca14a-df4e-4649-9054-3f2aa676bc04 type: derived - id: 7d1aaf3d-4304-425c-b7c3-162055e0b3ab type: similar status: experimental description: Detects usage of curl to upload files to known file sharing domains, which may indicate data exfiltration. author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/advanced-backdoor-squidoor/ date: 2026-03-29 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \curl.exe - OriginalFileName: curl.exe selection_cli_domain: CommandLine|contains: - 0x0.st - bashupload.com - chunk.io - file.io - filebin.net - pastebin - send.firefox.com - temp.sh - transfer.sh - ufile.io - uploadfiles.io - wetransfer.com - x0.at selection_cli_flags: - CommandLine|contains: - ' --form' - ' --upload-file' - ' --data' - ' -X POST' - ' --request POST ' - CommandLine|re: - \s-[FTd]\s - \s-sT\s condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate file uploads to these services by administrators or developers level: high