alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: hunt for Digital Certificates activity
Matching passage: T1587.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA). Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). After creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Near-miss passage: T1587.001 Malware. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may develop malware and malware components that can be used during targeting. Building malicious software can include the development of payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors (including backdoored images), packers, C2 protocols, and the creation of infected removable media. Adversaries may develop malware to support their operations, creating a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ActiveMalwareEnergy)(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB) During malware development, adversaries may intentionally include indicators aligned with other known actors in order to mislead attribution by defenders.(Citation: Olympic Destroyer)(Citation: Risky Bulletin Threat actor impersonates FSB APT)(Citation: GamaCopy organization) As with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing malware. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's malware development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the malware. Some aspects of malware development, such as C2 protocol development, may require adversaries to obtain additional infrastructure. For example, malware developed that will communicate with Twitter for C2, may require use of [Web Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006).(Citation: FireEye APT29)
Query: risk of Cool Projects TarDiff allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a pathname in a /tmp/tardiff-$$ temporary directory.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0858. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Cool Projects TarDiff allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a pathname in a /tmp/tardiff-$$ temporary directory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1338. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. kernel_crashdump in Apport before 2.19 allows local users to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) or possibly gain privileges via a (1) symlink or (2) hard link attack on /var/crash/vmcore.log.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1371
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1371. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in ferretCMS 1.0.4-alpha allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in custom/uploads/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8562. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Joomla! 1.5.x, 2.x, and 3.x before 3.4.6 allow remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via the HTTP User-Agent header, as exploited in the wild in December 2015.
Query: Suspicious Remote Data Staging execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074 Data Staged. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017) In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Adversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Query: write Sigma for Detect creation of suspicious executable file names. Some strings look for suspicious file extensions, others look for f
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect creation of suspicious executable file names. Some strings look for suspicious file extensions, others look for f. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious Executable File Creation id: 74babdd6-a758-4549-9632-26535279e654 status: test description: 'Detect creation of suspicious executable file names. Some strings look for suspicious file extensions, others look for filenames that exploit unquoted service paths. ' references: - https://medium.com/@SumitVerma101/windows-privilege-escalation-part-1-unquoted-service-path-c7a011a8d8ae - https://app.any.run/tasks/76c69e2d-01e8-49d9-9aea-fb7cc0c4d3ad/ author: frack113 date: 2022-09-05 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: - :\$Recycle.Bin.exe - :\Documents and Settings.exe - :\MSOCache.exe - :\PerfLogs.exe - :\Recovery.exe - .bat.exe - .sys.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Certify a tool for Active Directory certificate abuse based on PE metadata characteristics and common command li. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Certify Execution id: 762f2482-ff21-4970-8939-0aa317a886bb status: test description: Detects Certify a tool for Active Directory certificate abuse based on PE metadata characteristics and common command line arguments. references: - https://github.com/GhostPack/Certify author: pH-T (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-04-17 modified: 2023-04-25 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.credential-access - attack.t1649 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \Certify.exe - OriginalFileName: Certify.exe - Description|contains: Certify selection_cli_commands: CommandLine|contains: - '.exe cas ' - '.exe find ' - '.exe pkiobjects ' - '.exe request ' - '.exe download ' selection_cli_options: CommandLine|contains: - ' /vulnerable' - ' /template:' - ' /altname:' - ' /domain:' - ' /path:' - ' /ca:' condition: selection_img or all of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6925
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6925. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. wolfSSL (formerly CyaSSL) before 3.6.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption or traffic amplification) via a crafted DTLS cookie in a ClientHello message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6286. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.699999809265137. Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC) 15.3(3)JA, when FlexConnect is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (access-point outage) via a crafted UDP packet, aka Bug ID CSCuu47016.
Query: detect Outlook Forms
Matching passage: T1137.003 Outlook Forms. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same custom Outlook form.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Once malicious forms have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious forms will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)
Near-miss passage: T1137 Office Application Startup. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins. A variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Dynamic VPN in Juniper Junos 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D45, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D30, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D20, and 12.3X48 before 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3005. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Dynamic VPN in Juniper Junos 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D45, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D30, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D20, and 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D10 on SRX series devices allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4260. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution 10.6(1) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted value in a URL, aka Bug ID CSCuu14862.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - Team Viewer Session Started On Windows Host id: ab70c354-d9ac-4e11-bbb6-ec8e3b153357 related: - id: 1f6b8cd4-3e60-47cc-b282-5aa1cbc9182d type: similar - id: f459ccb4-9805-41ea-b5b2-55e279e2424a type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been started, an investigator can verify the connection details by viewing the "incoming_connections.txt" log file in the TeamViewer folder. ' references: - Internal Research author: Josh Nickels, Qi Nan date: 2024-03-11 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image: TeamViewer_Desktop.exe ParentImage: TeamViewer_Service.exe CommandLine|endswith: TeamViewer_Desktop.exe --IPCport 5939 --Module 1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of TeamViewer level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects installation of Kali Linux distribution through Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Attackers may use Kali Linux. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Installation of WSL Kali-Linux id: eca8ae39-5c3c-4321-b538-9e64fe25822e status: experimental description: 'Detects installation of Kali Linux distribution through Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Attackers may use Kali Linux WSL to leverage its penetration testing tools and capabilities for malicious purposes. ' references: - https://medium.com/@redfanatic7/running-kali-linux-on-windows-51ad95166e6e - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-10-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_wsl_img: - Image|endswith: \wsl.exe - OriginalFileName: wsl selection_wsl_install: CommandLine|contains: - ' --install ' - ' -i ' selection_wsl_kali: CommandLine|contains: kali condition: all of selection_wsl_* falsepositives: - Legitimate installation or usage of Kali Linux WSL by administrators or security teams level: high
Query: how to detect Supply Chain Compromise
Matching passage: T1195 Supply Chain Compromise. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including: * Manipulation of development tools * Manipulation of a development environment * Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private) * Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies * Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms * Compromised/infected system images (removable media infected at the factory)(Citation: IBM Storwize)(Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) * Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions * Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors * Shipment interdiction While supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, adversaries looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Adversaries may limit targeting to a desired victim set or distribute malicious software to a broad set of consumers but only follow up with specific victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open-source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise) In some cases, adversaries may conduct “second-order” supply chain compromises by leveraging the access gained from an initial supply chain compromise to further compromise a software component.(Citation: Krebs 3cx overview 2023) This may allow the threat actor to spread to even more victims.
Near-miss passage: T1195.003 Compromise Hardware Supply Chain. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.
Query: rule covering Detects the use of Windows Credential Editor (WCE)
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Windows Credential Editor (WCE). Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Windows Credential Editor Registry id: a6b33c02-8305-488f-8585-03cb2a7763f2 status: test description: Detects the use of Windows Credential Editor (WCE) references: - https://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/windows-credentials-editor/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-12-31 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 - attack.s0005 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: Services\WCESERVICE\Start condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious pare. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious WMIC Execution Via Office Process id: e1693bc8-7168-4eab-8718-cdcaa68a1738 related: - id: 438025f9-5856-4663-83f7-52f878a70a50 type: derived - id: 518643ba-7d9c-4fa5-9f37-baed36059f6a type: obsolete - id: 9d1c72f5-43f0-4da5-9320-648cf2099dd0 type: obsolete - id: c0e1c3d5-4381-4f18-8145-2583f06a1fe5 type: obsolete - id: 04f5363a-6bca-42ff-be70-0d28bf629ead type: obsolete status: test description: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious parent-child chain (Office app spawns LOLBin). references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/03/29/sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware/ - https://github.com/vadim-hunter/Detection-Ideas-Rules/blob/02bcbfc2bfb8b4da601bb30de0344ae453aa1afe/Threat%20Intelligence/The%20DFIR%20Report/20210329_Sodinokibi_(aka_REvil)_Ransomware.yaml author: Vadim Khrykov, Cyb3rEng date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1204.002 - attack.t1047 - attack.t1218.010 - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \WINWORD.EXE - \EXCEL.EXE - \POWERPNT.exe - \MSPUB.exe - \VISIO.exe - \MSACCESS.EXE - \EQNEDT32.EXE - \ONENOTE.EXE - \wordpad.exe - \wordview.exe selection_wmic_img: - Image|endswith: \wbem\WMIC.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_wmic_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - process - create - call CommandLine|contains: - regsvr32 - rundll32 - msiexec - mshta - verclsid - wscript - cscript condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CWE for Improper Authorization
Matching passage: CWE-285 Improper Authorization. The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1252 CPU Hardware Not Configured to Support Exclusivity of Write and Execute Operations. The CPU is not configured to provide hardware support for exclusivity of write and execute operations on memory. This allows an attacker to execute data from all of memory.
Query: how to detect Windows Command Shell
Matching passage: T1059.003 Windows Command Shell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. The command prompt can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: SSH in Windows) Batch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems. Adversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.
Near-miss passage: T1059.010 AutoHotKey & AutoIT. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may execute commands and perform malicious tasks using AutoIT and AutoHotKey automation scripts. AutoIT and AutoHotkey (AHK) are scripting languages that enable users to automate Windows tasks. These automation scripts can be used to perform a wide variety of actions, such as clicking on buttons, entering text, and opening and closing programs.(Citation: AutoIT)(Citation: AutoHotKey) Adversaries may use AHK (`.ahk`) and AutoIT (`.au3`) scripts to execute malicious code on a victim's system. For example, adversaries have used for AHK to execute payloads and other modular malware such as keyloggers. Adversaries have also used custom AHK files containing embedded malware as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) payloads.(Citation: Splunk DarkGate) These scripts may also be compiled into self-contained executable payloads (`.exe`).(Citation: AutoIT)(Citation: AutoHotKey)
Query: write Sigma for Detects the use of the Microsoft signed script "CL_mutexverifiers" to proxy the execution of additional PowerShell scrip
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the Microsoft signed script "CL_mutexverifiers" to proxy the execution of additional PowerShell scrip. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Script Proxy Execution Via CL_Mutexverifiers.ps1 id: 1e0e1a81-e79b-44bc-935b-ddb9c8006b3d status: test description: Detects the use of the Microsoft signed script "CL_mutexverifiers" to proxy the execution of additional PowerShell script commands references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Scripts/CL_mutexverifiers/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), oscd.community, Natalia Shornikova, frack113 date: 2022-05-21 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1216 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_pwsh: ParentImage|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe Image|endswith: \powershell.exe CommandLine|contains: ' -nologo -windowstyle minimized -file ' selection_temp: CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers. Logsource: windows / ntlm. Rule: title: NTLM Logon id: 98c3bcf1-56f2-49dc-9d8d-c66cf190238b status: test description: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers references: - https://twitter.com/JohnLaTwC/status/1004895028995477505 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-06-08 modified: 2024-07-22 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1550.002 logsource: product: windows service: ntlm definition: Requires events from Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational detection: selection: EventID: 8002 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legacy hosts level: low