alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Network Topology
Matching passage: T1590.004 Network Topology. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network topology that can be used during targeting. Information about network topologies may include a variety of details, including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments. This information may also include specifics regarding network devices (gateways, routers, etc.) and other infrastructure. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network topologies may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1590.003 Network Trust Dependencies. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network trust dependencies that can be used during targeting. Information about network trusts may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access. Adversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network trusts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: Pentesting AD Forests) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: intelligence brief on T1685.006
Matching passage: T1685.006 Clear Linux or Mac System Logs. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the `/var/log/` directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related functions, such as:(Citation: Linux Logs) * `/var/log/messages:`: General and system-related messages * `/var/log/secure or /var/log/auth.log`: Authentication logs * `/var/log/utmp or /var/log/wtmp`: Login records * `/var/log/kern.log`: Kernel logs * `/var/log/cron.log`: Crond logs * `/var/log/maillog`: Mail server logs * `/var/log/httpd/`: Web server access and error logs
Near-miss passage: T1685.001 Disable or Modify Windows Event Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows Event Log to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows Event Log records user and system activity such as login attempts and process creation.(Citation: EventLog_Core_Technologies) This data is used by security tools and analysts to generate detections. The EventLog service maintains event logs from various system components and applications. By default, the service automatically starts when a system powers on. An audit policy, maintained by the Local Security Policy (secpol.msc), defines which system events the EventLog service logs. Security audit policy settings can be changed by running secpol.msc, then navigating to `Security Settings\Local Policies\Audit Policy` for basic audit policy settings or `Security Settings\Advanced Audit Policy Configuration` for advanced audit policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft Audit Policy)(Citation: Microsoft Adv Security Settings) `auditpol.exe` may also be used to set audit policies.(Citation: Microsoft auditpol) Adversaries may target system-wide logging or just that of a particular application. For example, the Windows EventLog service may be disabled using the `Set-Service -Name EventLog -Status Stopped` or `sc config eventlog start=disabled` commands (followed by manually stopping the service using `Stop-Service -Name EventLog`). Additionally, the service may be disabled by modifying the "Start" value in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog` then restarting the system for the change to take effect.(Citation: Disable_Win_Event_Logging)(Citation: disable_win_evt_logging) There are several ways to disable the EventLog service via registry key modification. Without Administrator privileges, adversaries may modify the "Start" value in the key `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\WMI\Autologger\EventLog-Security`, then reboot the system to disable the Security EventLog.(Citation: winser19_file_overwrite_bug_twitter) W
Query: explain CWE-672
Matching passage: CWE-672 Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release. The product uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1269 Product Released in Non-Release Configuration. The product released to market is released in pre-production or manufacturing configuration.
Query: how to detect Local Data Staging
Matching passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1074 Data Staged. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017) In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Adversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2809
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2809. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Multicast DNS (mDNS) responder in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 3.1 inadvertently responds to unicast queries with source addresses that are not link-local, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (traffic amplification) or obtain potentially sensitive information via port-5353 UDP packets to the Avahi component.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1426. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Puppet Labs Facter 1.6.0 through 2.4.0 allows local users to obtains sensitive Amazon EC2 IAM instance metadata by reading a fact for an Amazon EC2 node.
Query: telemetry for T1547.013
Matching passage: T1547.013 XDG Autostart Entries. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may add or modify XDG Autostart Entries to execute malicious programs or commands when a user’s desktop environment is loaded at login. XDG Autostart entries are available for any XDG-compliant Linux system. XDG Autostart entries use Desktop Entry files (`.desktop`) to configure the user’s desktop environment upon user login. These configuration files determine what applications launch upon user login, define associated applications to open specific file types, and define applications used to open removable media.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys) Adversaries may abuse this feature to establish persistence by adding a path to a malicious binary or command to the `Exec` directive in the `.desktop` configuration file. When the user’s desktop environment is loaded at user login, the `.desktop` files located in the XDG Autostart directories are automatically executed. System-wide Autostart entries are located in the `/etc/xdg/autostart` directory while the user entries are located in the `~/.config/autostart` directory. Adversaries may combine this technique with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to blend malicious Autostart entries with legitimate programs.(Citation: Red Canary Netwire Linux 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1547.014 Active Setup. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine. Active Setup is a Windows mechanism that is used to execute programs when a user logs in. The value stored in the Registry key will be executed after a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Klein Active Setup 2010) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level. Adversaries may abuse Active Setup by creating a key under <code> HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components\</code> and setting a malicious value for <code>StubPath</code>. This value will serve as the program that will be executed when a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Mandiant Glyer APT 2010)(Citation: Citizenlab Packrat 2015)(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: SECURELIST Bright Star 2015)(Citation: paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016) Adversaries can abuse these components to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.
Query: Sigma YAML for linux / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "xterm" as a potential reverse shell tunnel. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Xterm Reverse Shell id: 4e25af4b-246d-44ea-8563-e42aacab006b status: test description: Detects usage of "xterm" as a potential reverse shell tunnel references: - https://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet - https://www.revshells.com/ author: '@d4ns4n_' date: 2023-04-24 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|contains: xterm CommandLine|contains: -display CommandLine|endswith: :1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects abusing Windows 10 Narrator's Feedback-Hub. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Narrator's Feedback-Hub Persistence id: f663a6d9-9d1b-49b8-b2b1-0637914d199a status: test description: Detects abusing Windows 10 Narrator's Feedback-Hub references: - https://giuliocomi.blogspot.com/2019/10/abusing-windows-10-narrators-feedback.html author: Dmitriy Lifanov, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2022-03-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection1: EventType: DeleteValue TargetObject|endswith: \AppXypsaf9f1qserqevf0sws76dx4k9a5206\Shell\open\command\DelegateExecute selection2: TargetObject|endswith: \AppXypsaf9f1qserqevf0sws76dx4k9a5206\Shell\open\command\(Default) condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.4.1, 8.5.0, and 8.5.1 allows local users to affect availability via unknown ve
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0493. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.4.1, 8.5.0, and 8.5.1 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Outside In Filters, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0474.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8322. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. NetApp OnCommand System Manager 8.3.x before 8.3.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7506
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7506. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 6.5. The gif_next_LZW function in libnsgif.c in Libnsgif 0.1.2 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted LZW stream in a GIF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9290. CWE: CWE-125. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In FreeType before 2.6.1, a buffer over-read occurs in type1/t1parse.c on function T1_Get_Private_Dict where there is no check that the new values of cur and limit are sensible before going to Again.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1616
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1616. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the ePO extension in McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint (DLPe) before 9.3.400 allows remote authenticated ePO users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2849. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in main.ant in the ANTlabs InnGate firmware on IG 3100, InnGate 3.01 E, InnGate 3.10 E, InnGate 3.10 M, SG 4, and SSG 4 devices, when https is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the ppli parameter.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5499
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5499. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. The Navigate module for Drupal does not properly check permissions, which allows remote authenticated users to modify custom widgets and create widget database records by leveraging the "navigate view" permission.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8967. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. arch/arm64/kernel/sys.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 allows local users to bypass the "strict page permissions" protection mechanism and modify the system-call table, and consequently gain privileges, by leveraging write access.
Query: common weakness: Weak Password Requirements
Matching passage: CWE-521 Weak Password Requirements. The product does not require that users should have strong passwords.
Near-miss passage: CWE-209 Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information. The product generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.
Query: risk of The Frontel protocol before 3 on RSI Video Technologies Videofied devices does not use integrity protection, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to (1) initiate a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8254. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The Frontel protocol before 3 on RSI Video Technologies Videofied devices does not use integrity protection, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to (1) initiate a false alarm or (2) deactivate an alarm by modifying the client-server data stream.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6854. CWE: CWE-345. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. The non-Domino web agents in CA Single Sign-On (aka SSO, formerly SiteMinder) R6, R12.0 before SP3 CR13, R12.0J before SP3 CR1.2, and R12.5 before CR5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) or obtain sensitive information via a crafted request.
Query: vulnerability: In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 41
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9164. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, and SD 820A, a buffer overread in Playready may occur due to lack of input validation of the buffer size provided by HLOS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1333. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Memory leak in the __key_link_end function in security/keys/keyring.c in the Linux kernel before 4.1.4 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via many add_key system calls that refer to existing keys.
Query: rule covering Detects attempts to disable AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) by modifying the AmsiEnable registry value. Anti-Malware
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to disable AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) by modifying the AmsiEnable registry value. Anti-Malware. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: AMSI Disabled via Registry Modification id: aa37cbb0-da36-42cb-a90f-fdf216fc7467 related: - id: 7dbbcac2-57a0-45ac-b306-ff30a8bd2981 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects attempts to disable AMSI (Anti-Malware Scan Interface) by modifying the AmsiEnable registry value. Anti-Malware Scan Interface (AMSI) is a security feature in Windows that allows applications and services to integrate with anti-malware products for enhanced protection against malicious content. Adversaries may attempt to disable AMSI to evade detection by security software, allowing them to execute malicious scripts or code without being scanned. ' references: - https://mostafayahiax.medium.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypassing-methods-9886dda0bf9d - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/amsi/antimalware-scan-interface-portal - https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2019/02/macros-and-more-with-sharpshooter-v2-0/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-12-25 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \Software\Microsoft\Windows Script\Settings\AmsiEnable Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_amsi_disable/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: AMSI Bypass - Create AMSIEnable Reg Key technique: T1562.001 atomic_guid: 728eca7b-0444-4f6f-ac36-437e3d751dc0
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of WinRAR.exe.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Child Process Of WinRAR.EXE id: 146aace8-9bd6-42ba-be7a-0070d8027b76 related: - id: ec3a3c2f-9bb0-4a9b-8f4b-5ec386544343 type: similar status: test description: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of WinRAR.exe. references: - https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cve-2023-38831-winrar-zero-day/ - https://github.com/knight0x07/WinRAR-Code-Execution-Vulnerability-CVE-2023-38831/blob/26ab6c40b6d2c09bb4fc60feaa4a3a90cfd20c23/Part-1-Overview.md author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-31 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1203 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \WinRAR.exe selection_binaries: - Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - OriginalFileName: - Cmd.Exe - cscript.exe - mshta.exe - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll - regsvr32.exe - RUNDLL32.EXE - wscript.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: rule covering Detects service installation in suspicious folder appdata
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects service installation in suspicious folder appdata. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Service Installation in Suspicious Folder id: 5e993621-67d4-488a-b9ae-b420d08b96cb status: test description: Detects service installation in suspicious folder appdata author: pH-T (Nextron Systems) references: - Internal Research date: 2022-03-18 modified: 2024-01-18 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - car.2013-09-005 - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 ImagePath|contains: - \AppData\ - \\\\127.0.0.1 - \\\\localhost filter_optional_zoom: ServiceName: Zoom Sharing Service ImagePath|contains: :\Program Files\Common Files\Zoom\Support\CptService.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious shell commands or program code that may be executed or used in command line to establish a reverse sh. Logsource: linux. Rule: title: Suspicious Reverse Shell Command Line id: 738d9bcf-6999-4fdb-b4ac-3033037db8ab status: test description: Detects suspicious shell commands or program code that may be executed or used in command line to establish a reverse shell references: - https://alamot.github.io/reverse_shells/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-04-02 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: linux detection: keywords: - BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/ - bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ - bash -i >& /dev/udp/ - sh -i >$ /dev/udp/ - sh -i >$ /dev/tcp/ - '&& while read line 0<&5; do' - /bin/bash -c exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ - /bin/bash -c exec 5<>/dev/udp/ - 'nc -e /bin/sh ' - /bin/sh | nc - 'rm -f backpipe; mknod /tmp/backpipe p && nc ' - ;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))) - ;STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>; - /bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3 - uname -a; w; id; /bin/bash -i - $sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2); $stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length); $stream.Flush()}; - ;os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);os.putenv('HISTFILE','/dev/null'); - .to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f) - ;while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print - 'socat exec:''bash -li'',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:' - rm -f /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p && - ' | /bin/bash | telnet ' - ',echo=0,raw tcp-listen:' - 'nc -lvvp ' - xterm -display 1 condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-1054
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1054. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Games feature in Crea8Social 2.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Game Content field in Add Game.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6099. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in ASP.NET in Microsoft .NET Framework 4, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted value, aka ".NET Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."