alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: adversary uses Local Data Staging
Matching passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Query: detect Detect Attempt PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-1675) Remote code execution in Windows Spooler Service in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect Attempt PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-1675) Remote code execution in Windows Spooler Service. Logsource: windows / smbclient-security. Rule: title: Suspicious Rejected SMB Guest Logon From IP id: 71886b70-d7b4-4dbf-acce-87d2ca135262 status: test description: Detect Attempt PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-1675) Remote code execution in Windows Spooler Service references: - https://twitter.com/KevTheHermit/status/1410203844064301056 - https://web.archive.org/web/20210629055600/https://github.com/hhlxf/PrintNightmare/ - https://web.archive.org/web/20210701042336/https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), KevTheHermit, fuzzyf10w date: 2021-06-30 modified: 2023-01-02 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110.001 logsource: product: windows service: smbclient-security detection: selection: EventID: 31017 UserName: '' ServerName|startswith: \1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Account fallback reasons (after failed login with specific account) level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers. Logsource: windows / ntlm. Rule: title: NTLM Logon id: 98c3bcf1-56f2-49dc-9d8d-c66cf190238b status: test description: Detects logons using NTLM, which could be caused by a legacy source or attackers references: - https://twitter.com/JohnLaTwC/status/1004895028995477505 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-06-08 modified: 2024-07-22 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1550.002 logsource: product: windows service: ntlm definition: Requires events from Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational detection: selection: EventID: 8002 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legacy hosts level: low
Query: SOC alert related to Web Portal Capture
Matching passage: T1056.003 Web Portal Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service. This variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)
Near-miss passage: T1056.001 Keylogging. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successfully captured. In order to increase the likelihood of capturing credentials quickly, an adversary may also perform actions such as clearing browser cookies to force users to reauthenticate to systems.(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021) Keylogging is the most prevalent type of input capture, with many different ways of intercepting keystrokes.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Some methods include: * Hooking API callbacks used for processing keystrokes. Unlike [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004), this focuses solely on API functions intended for processing keystroke data. * Reading raw keystroke data from the hardware buffer. * Windows Registry modifications. * Custom drivers. * [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may provide adversaries with hooks into the operating system of network devices to read raw keystrokes for login sessions.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: describe CVE-2015-8566
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8566. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The Session package 1.x before 1.3.1 for Joomla! Framework allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified session values.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4492. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the XMLHttpRequest::Open implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a SharedWorker object that makes recursive calls to the open method of an XMLHttpRequest object.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / security
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the default "UserName" used by the DiagTrackEoP POC. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: DiagTrackEoP Default Login Username id: 2111118f-7e46-4fc8-974a-59fd8ec95196 status: test description: Detects the default "UserName" used by the DiagTrackEoP POC references: - https://github.com/Wh04m1001/DiagTrackEoP/blob/3a2fc99c9700623eb7dc7d4b5f314fd9ce5ef51f/main.cpp#L46 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-03 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 LogonType: 9 TargetOutboundUserName: thisisnotvaliduser condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects user account creation on ESXi system via esxcli. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi Account Creation Via ESXCLI id: b28e4eb3-8bbc-4f0c-819f-edfe8e2f25db status: test description: Detects user account creation on ESXi system via esxcli references: - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_system.html author: Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-08-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.t1136 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains|all: - 'system ' - 'account ' - 'add ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: explain T1596.004 CDNs
Matching passage: T1596.004 CDNs. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region. Adversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization’s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6938
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6938. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the file browser in notebook/notebookapp.py in IPython Notebook before 3.2.2 and Jupyter Notebook 4.0.x before 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a folder name. NOTE: this was originally reported as a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, but this may be inaccurate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9102. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Synology Photo Station 6.0 before 6.0-2638 and 6.3 before 6.3-2962 allow remote authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) album name, (2) file name of uploaded photos, (3) description of photos, or (4) tag of the photos.
Query: resource development using Acquire Infrastructure
Matching passage: T1583 Acquire Infrastructure. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Some infrastructure providers offer free trial periods, enabling infrastructure acquisition at limited to no cost.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these infrastructure solutions allows adversaries to stage, launch, and execute operations. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contacting third-party web services or acquiring infrastructure to support [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090), including from residential proxy services.(Citation: amnesty_nso_pegasus)(Citation: FBI Proxies Credential Stuffing)(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Microsoft 365 2022) Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.
Near-miss passage: T1583.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may purchase and configure serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations back to them. Once acquired, the serverless runtime environment can be leveraged to either respond directly to infected machines or to [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) traffic to an adversary-owned command and control server.(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)(Citation: AWS Lambda Redirector)(Citation: GWS Apps Script Abuse 2021) As traffic generated by these functions will appear to come from subdomains of common cloud providers, it may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary traffic to these providers - making it easier to [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665).(Citation: Detecting Command & Control in the Cloud)(Citation: BlackWater Malware Cloudflare Workers)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4059
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4059. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in the License Server (LicenseServer.exe) in Wavelink Terminal Emulation (TE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large HTTP header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4493. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the stagefright::ESDS::parseESDescriptor function in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an invalid size field in an esds chunk in MPEG-4 video data, a related issue to CVE-2015-1539.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Patterns module before 7.x-2.2 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators fo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3367. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Patterns module before 7.x-2.2 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) restore, (2) publish, or (3) unpublish a pattern via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2852. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators.
Query: write Sigma for Detects potential commandline obfuscation using unicode characters. Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or fil
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential commandline obfuscation using unicode characters. Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or fil. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential CommandLine Obfuscation Using Unicode Characters From Suspicious Image id: 584bca0f-3608-4402-80fd-4075ff6072e3 related: - id: e0552b19-5a83-4222-b141-b36184bb8d79 type: similar - id: ad691d92-15f2-4181-9aa4-723c74f9ddc3 type: similar - id: 2c0d2d7b-30d6-4d14-9751-7b9113042ab9 type: obsolete status: test description: 'Detects potential commandline obfuscation using unicode characters. Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. ' references: - https://www.wietzebeukema.nl/blog/windows-command-line-obfuscation - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1027/T1027.md#atomic-test-6---dlp-evasion-via-sensitive-data-in-vba-macro-over-http author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Josh Nickels date: 2024-09-02 modified: 2025-05-30 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \powershell.exe - \powershell_ise.exe - \pwsh.exe - \wscript.exe OriginalFileName: - Cmd.EXE - cscript.exe - PowerShell.EXE - PowerShell_ISE.EXE - pwsh.dll - wscript.exe selection_special_chars: CommandLine|contains: - ˣ - ˪ - ˢ - ∕ - ⁄ - ― - — - - ¯ - ® - ¶ - ⠀ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects logon events that specify new credentials. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Outgoing Logon with New Credentials id: def8b624-e08f-4ae1-8612-1ba21190da6b status: test description: Detects logon events that specify new credentials references: - https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/mtp-2021-0914.pdf author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-04-06 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1550 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 LogonType: 9 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate remote administration activity level: low
Query: SOC alert related to Network Device Authentication
Matching passage: T1556.004 Network Device Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices. [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password. The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch. Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)
Near-miss passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)
Query: exploit The wp-stats-dashboard plugin through 2.9.4 for WordPress has admin/graph_trend.php type SQL injection.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9399. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The wp-stats-dashboard plugin through 2.9.4 for WordPress has admin/graph_trend.php type SQL injection.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10056. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability was found in 2071174A vinylmap. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function contact of the file recordstoreapp/views.py. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The name of the patch is b07b79a1e92cc62574ba0492cce000ef4a7bd25f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-218400.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects keywords that could indicate clearing PowerShell history
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects keywords that could indicate clearing PowerShell history. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Clear PowerShell History - PowerShell Module id: f99276ad-d122-4989-a09a-d00904a5f9d2 related: - id: dfba4ce1-e0ea-495f-986e-97140f31af2d type: derived status: test description: Detects keywords that could indicate clearing PowerShell history references: - https://gist.github.com/hook-s3c/7363a856c3cdbadeb71085147f042c1a author: Ilyas Ochkov, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2022-12-02 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_1a_payload: Payload|contains: - del - Remove-Item - rm selection_1b_payload: Payload|contains: (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath selection_payload_2: Payload|contains|all: - Set-PSReadlineOption - –HistorySaveStyle - SaveNothing selection_payload_3: Payload|contains|all: - Set-PSReadlineOption - -HistorySaveStyle - SaveNothing condition: 1 of selection_payload_* or all of selection_1* falsepositives: - Legitimate PowerShell scripts level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Access to LSASS Process. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: LSASS Access Detected via Attack Surface Reduction id: a0a278fe-2c0e-4de2-ac3c-c68b08a9ba98 status: test description: Detects Access to LSASS Process references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction author: Markus Neis date: 2018-08-26 modified: 2022-08-13 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows service: windefend definition: 'Requirements:Enabled Block credential stealing from the Windows local security authority subsystem (lsass.exe) from Attack Surface Reduction (GUID: 9e6c4e1f-7d60-472f-ba1a-a39ef669e4b2)' detection: selection: EventID: 1121 Path|endswith: \lsass.exe filter_thor: ProcessName|startswith: C:\Windows\Temp\asgard2-agent\ ProcessName|endswith: - \thor64.exe - \thor.exe filter_exact: ProcessName: - C:\Windows\System32\atiesrxx.exe - C:\Windows\System32\CompatTelRunner.exe - C:\Windows\System32\msiexec.exe - C:\Windows\System32\nvwmi64.exe - C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe - C:\Windows\System32\Taskmgr.exe - C:\Windows\System32\wbem\WmiPrvSE.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msiexec.exe filter_begins: ProcessName|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\ - C:\WINDOWS\Installer\ - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Google Chrome GoogleUpdate.exe - Some Taskmgr.exe related activity level: high
Query: weakness Trust of System Event Data
Matching passage: CWE-360 Trust of System Event Data. Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.
Near-miss passage: CWE-267 Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions. A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.