alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: hunt for Thread Execution Hijacking activity
Matching passage: T1055.003 Thread Execution Hijacking. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Thread Execution Hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Thread Execution Hijacking is commonly performed by suspending an existing process then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code or the path to a DLL. A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as <code>OpenThread</code>. At this point the process can be suspended then written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>SuspendThread </code>, <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) This is very similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) but targets an existing process rather than creating a process in a suspended state. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via Thread Execution Hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Near-miss passage: T1055.014 VDSO Hijacking. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. VDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009)(Citation: Backtrace VDSO)(Citation: VDSO Aug 2005)(Citation: Syscall 2014) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4500
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4500. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5805. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Query: CWE for Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions
Matching passage: CWE-378 Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions. Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.
Near-miss passage: CWE-53 Path Equivalence: 'multipleinternalbackslash'. The product accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('multipletrailingslash') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Query: intelligence brief on T1547.005
Matching passage: T1547.005 Security Support Provider. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\OSConfig\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1547.001 Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the "run keys" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level. The following run keys are created by default on Windows systems: * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run</code> * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce</code> Run keys may exist under multiple hives.(Citation: Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016) The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx</code> is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a "Depend" key with RunOnceEx: <code>reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\0001\Depend /v 1 /d "C:\temp\evil[.]dll"</code> (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018) Placing a program within a startup folder will also cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in. The startup folder path for the current user is <code>C:\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</code>. The startup folder path for all users is <code>C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp</code>. The following Registry
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects processes that query known 3rd party registry keys that holds credentials via commandline. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Enumeration for 3rd Party Creds From CLI id: 87a476dc-0079-4583-a985-dee7a20a03de related: - id: e0b0c2ab-3d52-46d9-8cb7-049dc775fbd1 type: derived - id: cc1abf27-78a3-4ac5-a51c-f3070b1d8e40 type: similar status: test description: Detects processes that query known 3rd party registry keys that holds credentials via commandline references: - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/More+Data+Exfiltration/25698 - https://github.com/synacktiv/Radmin3-Password-Cracker/blob/acfc87393e4b7c06353973a14a6c7126a51f36ac/regkey.txt - https://github.com/HyperSine/how-does-MobaXterm-encrypt-password - https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation#inside-the-registry author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-20 modified: 2025-05-22 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - \Software\Aerofox\Foxmail\V3.1 - \Software\Aerofox\FoxmailPreview - \Software\DownloadManager\Passwords - \Software\FTPWare\COREFTP\Sites - \Software\IncrediMail\Identities - \Software\Martin Prikryl\WinSCP 2\Sessions - \Software\Mobatek\MobaXterm\ - \Software\OpenSSH\Agent\Keys - \Software\OpenVPN-GUI\configs - \Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password - \Software\Qualcomm\Eudora\CommandLine - \Software\RealVNC\WinVNC4 - \Software\RimArts\B2\Settings - \Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions - \Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys\ - \Software\Sota\FFFTP - \Software\TightVNC\Server - \Software\WOW6432Node\Radmin\v3.0\Server\Parameters\Radmin filter_main_other_rule: Image|endswith: reg.exe CommandLine|contains: - export - save condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of NPPSpy hacktool that stores cleartext passwords of users that logged in to a local file. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: HackTool - NPPSpy Hacktool Usage id: cad1fe90-2406-44dc-bd03-59d0b58fe722 status: test description: Detects the use of NPPSpy hacktool that stores cleartext passwords of users that logged in to a local file references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1003/T1003.md#atomic-test-2---credential-dumping-with-nppspy - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1465282548494487554 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-11-29 modified: 2024-06-27 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: - \NPPSpy.txt - \NPPSpy.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: common weakness: Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data
Matching passage: CWE-492 Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data. Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.
Near-miss passage: CWE-7 J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page. The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the product.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2315
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2315. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the WPML plugin before 3.1.9 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the target parameter in a reminder_popup action to the default URI.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0513. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the administrative user interface in EMC M&R (aka Watch4Net) before 6.5u1 and ViPR SRM before 3.6.1 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML by leveraging privileged access to set crafted values of unspecified fields.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7978
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7978. CWE: CWE-400. CVSS: 7.5. NTP before 4.2.8p6 and 4.3.0 before 4.3.90 allows a remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack exhaustion) via an ntpdc relist command, which triggers recursive traversal of the restriction list.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3248. CWE: CWE-400. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. openhpi/Makefile.am in OpenHPI before 3.6.0 uses world-writable permissions for /var/lib/openhpi directory, which allows local users, when quotas are not properly setup, to fill the filesystem hosting /var/lib and cause a denial of service (disk consumption).
Query: describe CVE-2015-3172
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3172. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. EidoGo is susceptible to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks via maliciously crafted SGF input.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4671. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in OpenCart before 2.1.0.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the zone_id parameter to index.php.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8303
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8303. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Huawei Document Security Management (DSM) with software before V100R002C05SPC661 does not clear the clipboard when closing a secure file, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by pasting the contents to another file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4229. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The web framework in Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager 8.1(4)ER1 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by visiting a bvsmweb URL, aka Bug ID CSCuq22589.
Query: write Sigma for Detects creation of files with specific name patterns seen used in various tools that export the NTDS.DIT for exfiltrati
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of files with specific name patterns seen used in various tools that export the NTDS.DIT for exfiltrati. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: NTDS Exfiltration Filename Patterns id: 3a8da4e0-36c1-40d2-8b29-b3e890d5172a status: test description: Detects creation of files with specific name patterns seen used in various tools that export the NTDS.DIT for exfiltration. references: - https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/eb6535009f5fdafa954525687f09294918b5398d/modules/post/windows/gather/ntds_grabber.rb - https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/eb6535009f5fdafa954525687f09294918b5398d/data/post/powershell/NTDSgrab.ps1 - https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/7d2991d78836b376452ca58b3d14daa61b67cb40/impacket/examples/secretsdump.py#L2405 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-11 modified: 2023-05-05 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.003 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: - \All.cab - .ntds.cleartext condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects CSExec service installation and execution events. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: CSExec Service Installation id: a27e5fa9-c35e-4e3d-b7e0-1ce2af66ad12 status: test description: Detects CSExec service installation and execution events references: - https://github.com/malcomvetter/CSExec author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_eid: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_service: - ServiceName: csexecsvc - ImagePath|endswith: \csexecsvc.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit Open-source ARJ archiver 3.10.22 does not properly remove leading slashes from paths, which allows remote attackers to conduct absolute path traversal attacks and write to arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0557. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open-source ARJ archiver 3.10.22 does not properly remove leading slashes from paths, which allows remote attackers to conduct absolute path traversal attacks and write to arbitrary files via multiple leading slashes in a path in an ARJ archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2970. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. index.php in LEMON-S PHP Simple Oekaki BBS before 1.21 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via the oekakis parameter.
Query: rule covering Detects when an Elastic Container Service (ECS) Task Definition includes a command to query the credential endpoint. Thi
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an Elastic Container Service (ECS) Task Definition includes a command to query the credential endpoint. Thi. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS ECS Task Definition That Queries The Credential Endpoint id: b94bf91e-c2bf-4047-9c43-c6810f43baad status: test description: 'Detects when an Elastic Container Service (ECS) Task Definition includes a command to query the credential endpoint. This can indicate a potential adversary adding a backdoor to establish persistence or escalate privileges. ' references: - https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu/blob/866376cd711666c775bbfcde0524c817f2c5b181/pacu/modules/ecs__backdoor_task_def/main.py - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/APIReference/API_RegisterTaskDefinition.html - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/task-iam-roles.html author: Darin Smith date: 2022-06-07 modified: 2023-04-24 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1525 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: ecs.amazonaws.com eventName: - DescribeTaskDefinition - RegisterTaskDefinition - RunTask requestParameters.containerDefinitions.command|contains: $AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI condition: selection falsepositives: - Task Definition being modified to request credentials from the Task Metadata Service for valid reasons level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of an MSI file using PowerShell and the WMI Win32_Product class. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell WMI Win32_Product Install MSI id: 91109523-17f0-4248-a800-f81d9e7c081d status: test description: Detects the execution of an MSI file using PowerShell and the WMI Win32_Product class references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218.007/T1218.007.md author: frack113 date: 2022-04-24 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.007 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - 'Invoke-CimMethod ' - '-ClassName ' - 'Win32_Product ' - '-MethodName ' - .msi condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: vulnerability: The CFNetwork Cookies component in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to track users via vectors involving a cookie for a top-level domain.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5885. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The CFNetwork Cookies component in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to track users via vectors involving a cookie for a top-level domain.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6161. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser ASLR Bypass."
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in HP StoreOnce Backup system software before 3.13.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecifi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5447. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in HP StoreOnce Backup system software before 3.13.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9385. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The quotes-and-tips plugin before 1.20 for WordPress has XSS.
Query: vulnerability: The signal implementation in the Linux kernel before 4.3.5 on powerpc platforms does not check for an MSR with both the S and T bits set, which allows local users to cause a denial
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8844. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The signal implementation in the Linux kernel before 4.3.5 on powerpc platforms does not check for an MSR with both the S and T bits set, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (TM Bad Thing exception and panic) via a crafted application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7893. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. SecEmailUI in Samsung Galaxy S6 does not sanitize HTML email content, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript.
Query: detect Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell LocalAccount Manipulation id: 4fdc44df-bfe9-4fcc-b041-68f5a2d3031c status: test description: 'Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1098/T1098.md#atomic-test-1---admin-account-manipulate - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.localaccounts/?view=powershell-5.1 author: frack113 date: 2021-12-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - Disable-LocalUser - Enable-LocalUser - Get-LocalUser - Set-LocalUser - New-LocalUser - Rename-LocalUser - Remove-LocalUser condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a service principal is created in Azure.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Azure Service Principal Created id: 0ddcff6d-d262-40b0-804b-80eb592de8e3 status: test description: Identifies when a service principal is created in Azure. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/monitoring-health/reference-audit-activities#core-directory - https://analyticsrules.exchange/analyticrules/79566f41-df67-4e10-a703-c38a6213afd8/ author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-02 modified: 2026-04-30 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: operationName: Add service principal condition: selection falsepositives: - Service principal being created may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Service principal created from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: weakness Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Matching passage: CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature. The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
Near-miss passage: CWE-830 Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source. The product includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the product, potentially granting total access and control of the product to the untrusted source.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5851
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5851. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The convenience initializer in the Multipeer Connectivity component in Apple iOS before 9 does not require an encrypted session, which allows local users to obtain cleartext multipeer data via an encrypted-to-unencrypted downgrade attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4543. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. EMC RSA Archer GRC 5.x before 5.5.3 uses cleartext for stored passwords in unspecified circumstances, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading database fields.