alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: ATT&CK technique for COR_PROFILER
Matching passage: T1574.012 COR_PROFILER. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) The COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013) Adversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and impair defenses provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1574.010 Services File Permissions Weakness. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM. Adversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.
Query: mitigate Audio-Visual Content
Matching passage: T1683.002 Audio-Visual Content. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create or manipulate audio, image, and video content to support targeting and malicious operations. Adversaries may also use synthetic voice recordings, real-time altered audio or video during live interactions, fabricated profile photos and identity documents, or video content depicting fabricated or impersonated individuals.(Citation: Nov AI Threat Tracker) Content may be produced manually through editing tools, generated using AI-assisted tools, or produced using third-party synthetic services.(Citation: FBI 2025 AI Generate Content)(Citation: Europol Deepfakes) AI-assisted tools have enabled adversaries to produce synthetic media at scale and generate content that is more difficult to identify as inauthentic. Audio-visual content produced through these methods may be used in support of other techniques, such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1660), [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003), [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534), [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657), or [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585).
Near-miss passage: T1683 Generate Content. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create or generate content to support targeting and operations. This content may be used to establish personas, impersonate known individuals or organizations, and support [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), fraud, or influence activities. Written materials, audio, images, video, or other media may be developed and tailored to the target and objective.(Citation: IBM AI-Generated Content) Content development may occur prior to or during an operation. Adversaries may develop or generate content in-house, source it through third parties, or produce it using AI-assisted tools. Adversaries may use AI to research targets, develop pretexts, and better understand the organizations and individuals they intend to target or deceive prior to generating content (i.e., [Query Public AI Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1682)); for obtaining access to AI tools used in content generation, see [Artificial Intelligence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/007). Content may be leveraged in support of techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657), or [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585). Generated or developed content does not include malicious code or scripts (i.e., [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) and [Artificial Intelligence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/007)).
Query: exploit win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2366. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8577. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. The Buffer Overflow Protection (BOP) feature in McAfee VirusScan Enterprise before 8.8 Patch 6 allocates memory with Read, Write, Execute (RWX) permissions at predictable addresses on 32-bit platforms when protecting another application, which allows attackers to bypass the DEP and ASLR protection mechanisms via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the ratings module in the Users Ultra plugin before 1.5.16 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4109. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the ratings module in the Users Ultra plugin before 1.5.16 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) data_target or (2) data_vote parameter in a rating_vote (wp_ajax_nopriv_rating_vote) action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4342. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Cacti before 0.8.8d allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors involving a cdef id.
Query: common weakness: Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values
Matching passage: CWE-342 Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values. An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1113 Inappropriate Comment Style. The source code uses comment styles or formats that are inconsistent or do not follow expected standards for the product.
Query: intelligence brief on T1036.008
Matching passage: T1036.008 Masquerade File Type. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file’s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded and organized. For example, a file’s signature (also known as header or magic bytes) is the beginning bytes of a file and is often used to identify the file’s type. For example, the header of a JPEG file, is <code> 0xFF 0xD8</code> and the file extension is either `.JPE`, `.JPEG` or `.JPG`. Adversaries may edit the header’s hex code and/or the file extension of a malicious payload in order to bypass file validation checks and/or input sanitization. This behavior is commonly used when payload files are transferred (e.g., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and stored (e.g., [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001)) so that adversaries may move their malware without triggering detections. Common non-executable file types and extensions, such as text files (`.txt`) and image files (`.jpg`, `.gif`, etc.) may be typically treated as benign. Based on this, adversaries may use a file extension to disguise malware, such as naming a PHP backdoor code with a file name of <code>test.gif</code>. A user may not know that a file is malicious due to the benign appearance and file extension. Polyglot files, which are files that have multiple different file types and that function differently based on the application that will execute them, may also be used to disguise malicious malware and capabilities.(Citation: polygot_icedID)
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6496
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6496. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.0. conntrackd in conntrack-tools 1.4.2 and earlier does not ensure that the optional kernel modules are loaded before using them, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a (1) DCCP, (2) SCTP, or (3) ICMPv6 packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5605. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 5.0. The regular-expression implementation in Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 44.0.2403.89, mishandles interrupts, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted JavaScript code, as demonstrated by an error in garbage collection during allocation of a stack-overflow exception message.
Query: campaign using Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites
Matching passage: T1567.003 Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information. Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g., [Stage Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608)), but adversaries may also use these sites to exfiltrate collected data. Furthermore, paid features and encryption options may allow adversaries to conceal and store data more securely.(Citation: Pastebin EchoSec) **Note:** This is distinct from [Exfiltration to Code Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001), which highlight access to code repositories via APIs.
Near-miss passage: T1567.002 Exfiltration to Cloud Storage. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet. Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service.
Query: vulnerability: Puppet Server in Puppet Enterprise before 3.8.x before 3.8.3 and 2015.2.x before 2015.2.3 uses world-readable permissions for the private key of the Certification Authority (CA) ce
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7328. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. Puppet Server in Puppet Enterprise before 3.8.x before 3.8.3 and 2015.2.x before 2015.2.3 uses world-readable permissions for the private key of the Certification Authority (CA) certificate during the initial installation and configuration, which might allow local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8473. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Issues API in Redmine before 2.6.8, 3.0.x before 3.0.6, and 3.1.x before 3.1.2 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information in changeset messages by leveraging permission to read issues with related changesets from other projects.
Query: rule covering Detects both of CVE-2022-30190 (Follina) and DogWalk vulnerabilities exploiting msdt.exe binary to load the "sdiageng.dl
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects both of CVE-2022-30190 (Follina) and DogWalk vulnerabilities exploiting msdt.exe binary to load the "sdiageng.dl. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Diagnostic Library Sdiageng.DLL Loaded By Msdt.EXE id: ec8c4047-fad9-416a-8c81-0f479353d7f6 status: test description: Detects both of CVE-2022-30190 (Follina) and DogWalk vulnerabilities exploiting msdt.exe binary to load the "sdiageng.dll" library references: - https://www.securonix.com/blog/detecting-microsoft-msdt-dogwalk/ author: Greg (rule) date: 2022-06-17 modified: 2023-02-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 - cve.2022-30190 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \msdt.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: \sdiageng.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a PDQDeploy service installation which indicates that PDQDeploy was installed on the machines. PDQDeploy can be. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: New PDQDeploy Service - Server Side id: ee9ca27c-9bd7-4cee-9b01-6e906be7cae3 status: test description: 'Detects a PDQDeploy service installation which indicates that PDQDeploy was installed on the machines. PDQDeploy can be abused by attackers to remotely install packages or execute commands on target machines ' references: - https://documentation.pdq.com/PDQDeploy/13.0.3.0/index.html?windows-services.htm author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1543.003 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_root: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_service: - ImagePath|contains: PDQDeployService.exe - ServiceName: - PDQDeploy - PDQ Deploy condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the tool level: medium
Query: risk of Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in util.c in foomatic-rip in cups-filters 1.0.42 before 1.2.0 and in foomatic-filters in Foomatic 4.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8327. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in util.c in foomatic-rip in cups-filters 1.0.42 before 1.2.0 and in foomatic-filters in Foomatic 4.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via ` (backtick) characters in a print job.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6012. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Web Reference Database (aka refbase) through 0.9.6 and bleeding-edge before 2015-01-08 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the referrer parameter.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4827
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4827. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Open Commerce Platform component in Oracle Retail Applications 3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Framework.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6983. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Double free vulnerability in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows attackers to write to arbitrary files via a crafted app that accesses AtomicBufferedFile descriptors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4080
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4080. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Kankun Smart Socket device and mobile application uses a hardcoded AES 256 bit key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to (1) obtain sensitive information by sniffing the network and (2) obtain access to the device by encrypting messages.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3324. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ThinkServer System Manager (TSM) Baseboard Management Controller before firmware 1.27.73476 for ThinkServer RD350, RD450, RD550, RD650, and TD350 does not validate server certificates during an "encrypted remote KVM session," which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2103
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2103. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the admin-login panel (admin/index.cgi) in Cosmoshop allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the username field (u_name parameter).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1633. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 SP2, SharePoint Server 2010 SP2, SharePoint Foundation 2013 Gold and SP1, and SharePoint Server 2013 Gold and SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted request, aka "Microsoft SharePoint XSS Vulnerability."
Query: exploit Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compile
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5558. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5554, CVE-2015-5555, and CVE-2015-5562.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9217. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, SD 845, SDM630, SDM636, SDM660, and Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, certain malformed HVEC clips could cause an assertion to fail.
Query: write Sigma for Detects potential evasion or obfuscation attempts using bogus path traversal via the commandline
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential evasion or obfuscation attempts using bogus path traversal via the commandline. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Command Line Path Traversal Evasion Attempt id: 1327381e-6ab0-4f38-b583-4c1b8346a56b status: test description: Detects potential evasion or obfuscation attempts using bogus path traversal via the commandline references: - https://twitter.com/hexacorn/status/1448037865435320323 - https://twitter.com/Gal_B1t/status/1062971006078345217 author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-26 modified: 2023-03-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_1: Image|contains: \Windows\ CommandLine|contains: - \..\Windows\ - \..\System32\ - \..\..\ selection_2: CommandLine|contains: .exe\..\ filter_optional_google_drive: CommandLine|contains: \Google\Drive\googledrivesync.exe\..\ filter_optional_citrix: CommandLine|contains: \Citrix\Virtual Smart Card\Citrix.Authentication.VirtualSmartcard.Launcher.exe\..\ condition: 1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Google Drive - Citrix level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect suspicious parent processes of well-known Windows processes. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Windows Processes Suspicious Parent Directory id: 96036718-71cc-4027-a538-d1587e0006a7 status: test description: Detect suspicious parent processes of well-known Windows processes references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20180718061628/https://securitybytes.io/blue-team-fundamentals-part-two-windows-processes-759fe15965e2 - https://www.carbonblack.com/2014/06/10/screenshot-demo-hunt-evil-faster-than-ever-with-carbon-black/ - https://www.13cubed.com/downloads/windows_process_genealogy_v2.pdf author: vburov date: 2019-02-23 modified: 2025-03-06 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 - attack.t1036.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \svchost.exe - \taskhost.exe - \lsm.exe - \lsass.exe - \services.exe - \lsaiso.exe - \csrss.exe - \wininit.exe - \winlogon.exe filter_sys: - ParentImage|endswith: - \SavService.exe - \ngen.exe - ParentImage|contains: - \System32\ - \SysWOW64\ filter_msmpeng: ParentImage|contains: - \Windows Defender\ - \Microsoft Security Client\ ParentImage|endswith: \MsMpEng.exe filter_null: - ParentImage: null - ParentImage: - '' - '-' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Some security products seem to spawn these level: low
Query: vulnerability: A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in cchetanonline WP-CopyProtect up to 3.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function CopyProtect_options_page of the file wp-cop
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10118. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in cchetanonline WP-CopyProtect up to 3.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function CopyProtect_options_page of the file wp-copyprotect.php. The manipulation of the argument CopyProtect_nrc_text leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 3.1.0 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 8b8fe4102886b326330dc1ff06b17313fb10aee5. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-231202 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9378. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. iThemes Builder Theme Market before 5.1.27 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().