alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: execution using Container Orchestration Job
Matching passage: T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster. In Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)
Near-miss passage: T1053.005 Scheduled Task. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) utility can be run directly on the command line, or the Task Scheduler can be opened through the GUI within the Administrator Tools section of the Control Panel.(Citation: Stack Overflow) In some cases, adversaries have used a .NET wrapper for the Windows Task Scheduler, and alternatively, adversaries have used the Windows netapi32 library and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) (WMI) to create a scheduled task. Adversaries may also utilize the Powershell Cmdlet `Invoke-CimMethod`, which leverages WMI class `PS_ScheduledTask` to create a scheduled task via an XML path.(Citation: Red Canary - Atomic Red Team) An adversary may use Windows Task Scheduler to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. The Windows Task Scheduler can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and/or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM). Similar to [System Binary Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218), adversaries have also abused the Windows Task Scheduler to potentially mask one-time execution under signed/trusted system processes.(Citation: ProofPoint Serpent) Adversaries may also create "hidden" scheduled tasks (i.e. [Hide Artifacts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564)) that may not be visible to defender tools and manual queries used to enumerate tasks. Specifically, an adversary may hide a task from `schtasks /query` and the Task Scheduler by deleting the associated Security Descriptor (SD) registry value (where deletion of this value must be completed using SYSTEM permissions).(Citation: SigmaHQ)(Citation: Tarrask scheduled task) Adversaries may also employ alternate me
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2150
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2150. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Xen 3.3.x through 4.5.x and the Linux kernel through 3.19.1 do not properly restrict access to PCI command registers, which might allow local guest OS users to cause a denial of service (non-maskable interrupt and host crash) by disabling the (1) memory or (2) I/O decoding for a PCI Express device and then accessing the device, which triggers an Unsupported Request (UR) response.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7861. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 10.0. Persistent Accelerite Radia Client Automation (formerly HP Client Automation), possibly before 9.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending unspecified commands in an environment that lacks relationship-based firewalling.
Query: exploit Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 CPU devices allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (defect-mode transition) via crafted packets on (1) TCP port 102 or (2) Profibus.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2177. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 CPU devices allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (defect-mode transition) via crafted packets on (1) TCP port 102 or (2) Profibus.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8732. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_zcl_pwr_prof_pwrprofstatersp function in epan/dissectors/packet-zbee-zcl-general.c in the ZigBee ZCL dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the Total Profile Number field, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects alternate PowerShell hosts potentially bypassing detections looking for powershell.exe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects alternate PowerShell hosts potentially bypassing detections looking for powershell.exe. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Alternate PowerShell Hosts - PowerShell Module id: 64e8e417-c19a-475a-8d19-98ea705394cc status: test description: Detects alternate PowerShell hosts potentially bypassing detections looking for powershell.exe references: - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190610-PwshAlternateHosts/notebook.html author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g date: 2019-08-11 modified: 2025-10-17 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection: ContextInfo|contains: '*' filter_powershell: ContextInfo|contains: - = powershell - = C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell - = C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell - = C:/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/powershell - = C:/Windows/SysWOW64/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/powershell - = \\\?\?\C:Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell - = \\\?\?\C:Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell filter_sdiagnhost: ContextInfo|contains: = C:\WINDOWS\System32\sdiagnhost.exe -Embedding filter_citrix: ContextInfo|contains: ConfigSyncRun.exe filter_adace: ContextInfo|contains: C:\Windows\system32\dsac.exe filter_winrm: ContextInfo|contains: C:\Windows\system32\wsmprovhost.exe -Embedding filter_help_update: Payload|contains: - Update-Help - Failed to update Help for the module condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Programs using PowerShell directly without invocation of a dedicated interpreter - MSP Detection Searcher - Citrix ConfigSync.ps1 level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of stordiag.exe to execute schtasks.exe systeminfo.exe and fltmc.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Execution via stordiag.exe id: 961e0abb-1b1e-4c84-a453-aafe56ad0d34 status: test description: Detects the use of stordiag.exe to execute schtasks.exe systeminfo.exe and fltmc.exe references: - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/stordiag.exe-1F08FC87C373673944F6A7E8B18CD845.html - https://twitter.com/eral4m/status/1451112385041911809 author: Austin Songer (@austinsonger) date: 2021-10-21 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \stordiag.exe Image|endswith: - \schtasks.exe - \systeminfo.exe - \fltmc.exe filter: ParentImage|startswith: - c:\windows\system32\ - c:\windows\syswow64\ condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of stordiag.exe. level: high
Query: SOC alert related to System Language Discovery
Matching passage: T1614.001 System Language Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check) There are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) For example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language</code> or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions <code>GetUserDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetSystemDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetKeyboardLayoutList</code> and <code>GetUserDefaultLangID</code>.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) On a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query <code>locale</code> to retrieve the value of the <code>$LANG</code> environment variable.
Near-miss passage: T1614 System Location Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Adversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021) Adversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)
Query: EDR alert: possible Pre-OS Boot (T1542)
Matching passage: T1542 Pre-OS Boot. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting) Adversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.
Near-miss passage: T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3946
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3946. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Advantech WebAccess before 8.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6376. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) X8.5.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCuv72412.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3005
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3005. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Dynamic VPN in Juniper Junos 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D45, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D30, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D20, and 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D10 on SRX series devices allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4260. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution 10.6(1) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted value in a URL, aka Bug ID CSCuu14862.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7562
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7562. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in TeamPass 2.1.24 and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) label value of an item or (2) name of a role.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5035. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Connections 3.x before 3.0.1.1 CR3, 4.0 before CR4, 4.5 before CR5, and 5.0 before CR3 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5036.
Query: detect Email Forwarding Rule
Matching passage: T1114.003 Email Forwarding Rule. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules) Any user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) In some environments, administrators may be able to enable email forwarding rules that operate organization-wide rather than on individual inboxes. For example, Microsoft Exchange supports transport rules that evaluate all mail an organization receives against user-specified conditions, then performs a user-specified action on mail that adheres to those conditions.(Citation: Microsof
Near-miss passage: T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: CISA AA20-352A 2021) Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients.
Query: mitigate Email Account
Matching passage: T1087.003 Email Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists) In on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the <code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016) In Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)
Near-miss passage: T1087 Account Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist, which can aid in follow-on behavior such as brute-forcing, spear-phishing attacks, or account takeovers (e.g., [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)). Adversaries may use several methods to enumerate accounts, including abuse of existing tools, built-in commands, and potential misconfigurations that leak account names and roles or permissions in the targeted environment. For examples, cloud environments typically provide easily accessible interfaces to obtain user lists.(Citation: AWS List Users)(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API) On hosts, adversaries can use default [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and other command line functionality to identify accounts. Information about email addresses and accounts may also be extracted by searching an infected system’s files.
Query: exploit Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager before 10.6(1) provides different error messages for pathname access attempts depending on whether the pathname exists, which allows rem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6352. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager before 10.6(1) provides different error messages for pathname access attempts depending on whether the pathname exists, which allows remote attackers to map a filesystem via a series of requests, aka Bug ID CSCut67891.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8100. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The net-snmp package in OpenBSD through 5.8 uses 0644 permissions for snmpd.conf, which allows local users to obtain sensitive community information by reading this file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0035
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0035. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0027, CVE-2015-0039, CVE-2015-0052, and CVE-2015-0068.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6392. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. Cisco NX-OS 4.1 through 7.3 and 11.0 through 11.2 on Nexus 2000, 5000, 5500, 5600, 6000, 7000, 7700, and 9000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) via crafted IPv4 DHCP packets to the (1) DHCPv4 relay agent or (2) smart relay agent, aka Bug IDs CSCuq24603, CSCur93159, CSCus21693, and CSCut76171.
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4428. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3127, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7641. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7629, CVE-2015-7631, CVE-2015-7635, CVE-2015-7636, CVE-2015-7637, CVE-2015-7638, CVE-2015-7639, CVE-2015-7640, CVE-2015-7642, CVE-2015-7643, and CVE-2015-7644.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8383
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8383. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. PCRE before 8.38 mishandles certain repeated conditional groups, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted regular expression, as demonstrated by a JavaScript RegExp object encountered by Konqueror.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5343. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.599999904632568. Integer overflow in util.c in mod_dav_svn in Apache Subversion 1.7.x, 1.8.x before 1.8.15, and 1.9.x before 1.9.3 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (subversion server crash or memory consumption) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a skel-encoded request body, which triggers an out-of-bounds read and heap-based buffer overflow.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4272
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4272. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the ccmivr page in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (formerly CallManager) 10.5(2.10000.5) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted parameter, aka Bug ID CSCut19580.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3615. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 5.0.x before 5.0.11, 5.2.x before 5.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving unspecified parameters and a privilege escalation attack.