alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma YAML for azure / signinlogs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Monitor and alert for device registration or join events where MFA was not performed.. Logsource: azure / signinlogs. Rule: title: Device Registration or Join Without MFA id: 5afa454e-030c-4ab4-9253-a90aa7fcc581 status: test description: Monitor and alert for device registration or join events where MFA was not performed. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-devices#device-registrations-and-joins-outside-policy author: Michael Epping, '@mepples21' date: 2022-06-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: signinlogs detection: selection: ResourceDisplayName: Device Registration Service conditionalAccessStatus: success filter_mfa: AuthenticationRequirement: multiFactorAuthentication condition: selection and not filter_mfa falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential persistence activity via outlook home page. An attacker can set a home page to achieve code execution. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via Outlook Home Page id: ddd171b5-2cc6-4975-9e78-f0eccd08cc76 related: - id: 487bb375-12ef-41f6-baae-c6a1572b4dd1 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects potential persistence activity via outlook home page. An attacker can set a home page to achieve code execution and persistence by editing the WebView registry keys. ' references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=70 - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/outlook-home-page-feature-is-missing-in-folder-properties-d207edb7-aa02-46c5-b608-5d9dbed9bd04?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us - https://trustedsec.com/blog/specula-turning-outlook-into-a-c2-with-one-registry-change author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems), David Bertho (@dbertho) & Eirik Sveen (@0xSV1), Storebrand date: 2021-06-09 modified: 2024-08-07 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection: TargetObject|contains|all: - \Software\Microsoft\Office\ - \Outlook\WebView\ TargetObject|endswith: \URL condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: actor TTPs: Sharepoint
Matching passage: T1213.002 Sharepoint. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources
Near-miss passage: T1213 Data from Information Repositories. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, such as Credential Access, Lateral Movement, or Defense Evasion, or direct access to the target information. Adversaries may also abuse external sharing features to share sensitive documents with recipients outside of the organization (i.e., [Transfer Data to Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537)). The following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on an information repository: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources * Contact or other sensitive information about business partners and customers, including personally identifiable information (PII) Information stored in a repository may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Specific common information repositories include the following: * Storage services such as IaaS databases, enterprise databases, and more specialized platforms such as customer relationship management (CRM) databases * Collaboration platforms such as SharePoint, Confluence, and code repositories * Messaging platforms such as Slack and Microsoft Teams In some cases, information repositories have been improperly secured, typically by unintentionally allowing for overly-broad access by all users or even public access to unauthenticated users. This is particularly common with cloud-native or cloud-hosted services, such as AWS Relat
Query: intelligence brief on T1556.006
Matching passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1556.002 Password Filter DLL. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. Adversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1013
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1013. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. OSIsoft PI AF 2.6 and 2.7 and PI SQL for AF 2.1.2.19 do not ensure that the PI SQL (AF) Trusted Users group lacks the Everyone account, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended command restrictions via SQL statements.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9458. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The searchterms-tagging-2 plugin through 1.535 for WordPress has SQL injection via the pk_stt2_db_get_popular_terms count parameter exploitable via CSRF.
Query: what is T1012
Matching passage: T1012 Query Registry. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software. The Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be queried using the [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) utility, though other means to access the Registry exist. Some of the information may help adversaries to further their operation within a network. Adversaries may use the information from [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Near-miss passage: T1069.003 Cloud Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The <code>Get-MsolRole</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts (Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance). Azure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command <code>az ad user get-member-groups</code> will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint <code>GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups</code> lists group resources available to a user for Google.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation) In AWS, the commands `ListRolePolicies` and `ListAttachedRolePolicies` allow users to enumerate the policies attached to a role.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022) Adversaries may attempt to list ACLs for objects to determine the owner and other accounts with access to the object, for example, via the AWS <code>GetBucketAcl</code> API (Citation: AWS Get Bucket ACL). Using this information an adversary can target accounts with permissions to a given object or leverage accounts they have already compromised to access the object.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6791
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6791. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.80 allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6774. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the GetLoadTimes function in renderer/loadtimes_extension_bindings.cc in the Extensions implementation in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JavaScript code that modifies a pointer used for reporting loadTimes data.
Query: vulnerability: The yawpp plugin through 1.2.2 for WordPress has XSS via the field1 parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9391. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The yawpp plugin through 1.2.2 for WordPress has XSS via the field1 parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9459. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The searchterms-tagging-2 plugin through 1.535 for WordPress has XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php count parameter.
Query: risk of The RESTWS Basic Auth submodule in the RESTful Web Services module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 and 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.3 for Drupal caches pages for authenticated requests, which allow
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4345. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The RESTWS Basic Auth submodule in the RESTful Web Services module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 and 7.x-2.x before 7.x-2.3 for Drupal caches pages for authenticated requests, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7502. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.099999904632568. Red Hat CloudForms 3.2 Management Engine (CFME) 5.4.4 and CloudForms 4.0 Management Engine (CFME) 5.5.0 do not properly encrypt data in the backend PostgreSQL database, which might allow local users to obtain sensitive data and consequently gain privileges by leveraging access to (1) database exports or (2) log files.
Query: risk of CoreText in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5874. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. CoreText in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8220. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Stack-based buffer overflow in the URI handler in DWRCC.exe in SolarWinds DameWare Mini Remote Control before 12.0 HotFix 1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted commandline argument in a link.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Reflective Code Loading
Matching passage: T1620 Reflective Code Loading. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk (e.g., [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)). Reflectively loaded payloads may be compiled binaries, anonymous files (only present in RAM), or just snubs of fileless executable code (ex: position-independent shellcode).(Citation: Introducing Donut)(Citation: S1 Custom Shellcode Tool)(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL) For example, the `Assembly.Load()` method executed by [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) may be abused to load raw code into the running process.(Citation: Microsoft AssemblyLoad) Reflective code injection is very similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) except that the “injection” loads code into the processes’ own memory instead of that of a separate process. Reflective loading may evade process-based detections since the execution of the arbitrary code may be masked within a legitimate or otherwise benign process. Reflectively loading payloads directly into memory may also avoid creating files or other artifacts on disk, while also enabling malware to keep these payloads encrypted (or otherwise obfuscated) until execution.(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Intezer ACBackdoor)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Query: what is T1112
Matching passage: T1112 Modify Registry. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence. Description: Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry as part of a variety of other techniques to aid in defense evasion, persistence, and execution. Access to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, with some keys requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows command-line utility [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used for local or remote Registry modification.(Citation: Microsoft Reg) Other tools, such as remote access tools, may also contain functionality to interact with the Registry through the Windows API. The Registry may be modified in order to hide configuration information or malicious payloads via [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)(Citation: Avaddon Ransomware 2021)(Citation: Microsoft BlackCat Jun 2022)(Citation: CISA Russian Gov Critical Infra 2018) The Registry may also be modified to impair defenses, such as by enabling macros for all Microsoft Office products, allowing privilege escalation without alerting the user, increasing the maximum number of allowed outbound requests, and/or modifying systems to store plaintext credentials in memory.(Citation: CISA LockBit 2023)(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019) The Registry of a remote system may be modified to aid in execution of files as part of lateral movement. It requires the remote Registry service to be running on the target system.(Citation: Microsoft Remote) Often [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are required, along with access to the remote system's [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) for RPC communication. Finally, Registry modifications may also include actions to hide keys, such as prepending key names with a null character, which will cause an error and/or be ignored when read via [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or other utilities using the Win32 API.(Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2
Near-miss passage: T1547.010 Port Monitors. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use port monitors to run an adversary supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup.(Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\Windows\System32</code> and will be loaded and run by the print spooler service, `spoolsv.exe`, under SYSTEM level permissions on boot.(Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to the `Driver` value of an existing or new arbitrarily named subkey of <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Monitors</code>. The Registry key contains entries for the following: * Local Port * Standard TCP/IP Port * USB Monitor * WSD Port
Query: detection rule: Detects the deletion of the Exchange PowerShell cmdlet History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic ev
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of the Exchange PowerShell cmdlet History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic ev. Logsource: windows / file_delete. Rule: title: Exchange PowerShell Cmdlet History Deleted id: a55349d8-9588-4c5a-8e3b-1925fe2a4ffe status: test description: Detects the deletion of the Exchange PowerShell cmdlet History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence references: - https://m365internals.com/2022/10/07/hunting-in-on-premises-exchange-server-logs/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-26 modified: 2022-12-30 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070 logsource: category: file_delete product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: \Logging\CmdletInfra\LocalPowerShell\Cmdlet\ TargetFilename|contains: _Cmdlet_ condition: selection falsepositives: - Possible FP during log rotation level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "appcmd" to create new global URL rewrite rules. This behaviour has been observed being used by threat. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious IIS URL GlobalRules Rewrite Via AppCmd id: 7c8af9b2-dcae-41a2-a9db-b28c288b5f08 status: test description: Detects usage of "appcmd" to create new global URL rewrite rules. This behaviour has been observed being used by threat actors to add new rules so they can access their webshells. references: - https://twitter.com/malmoeb/status/1616702107242971144 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/739120/how-to-add-re-write-global-rule-with-action-type-r author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-22 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \appcmd.exe - OriginalFileName: appcmd.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - set - config - section:system.webServer/rewrite/globalRules - 'commit:' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of appcmd to add new URL rewrite rules level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0298
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0298. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the manager web interface in mod_cluster before 1.3.2.Alpha1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted MCMP message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1621. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Webform prepopulate block module before 7.x-3.1 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4054
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4054. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. PgBouncer before 1.5.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) by sending a password packet before a startup packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9175. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, lack of input validation could lead to an untrusted pointer dereference in wv_dash_core_generic_verify().
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0308. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 16.0.0.272 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 16.0.0.272, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 16.0.0.272 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2593. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.2.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Configuration Service.