alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by At
Matching passage: T1053.002 At. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility exists as an executable within Windows, Linux, and macOS for scheduling tasks at a specified time and date. Although deprecated in favor of [Scheduled Task](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005)'s [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) in Windows environments, using [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) requires that the Task Scheduler service be running, and the user to be logged on as a member of the local Administrators group. In addition to explicitly running the `at` command, adversaries may also schedule a task with [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) by directly leveraging the [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) `Win32_ScheduledJob` WMI class.(Citation: Malicious Life by Cybereason) On Linux and macOS, [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) may be invoked by the superuser as well as any users added to the <code>at.allow</code> file. If the <code>at.allow</code> file does not exist, the <code>at.deny</code> file is checked. Every username not listed in <code>at.deny</code> is allowed to invoke [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110). If the <code>at.deny</code> exists and is empty, global use of [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) is permitted. If neither file exists (which is often the baseline) only the superuser is allowed to use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110).(Citation: Linux at) Adversaries may use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote [Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0002) as part of [Lateral Move
Near-miss passage: T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster. In Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)
Query: how to detect Revert Cloud Instance
Matching passage: T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs. Another variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)
Near-miss passage: T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots. Permissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the execution of the LocalPotato POC based on basic PE metadata information and default CLI examples
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the LocalPotato POC based on basic PE metadata information and default CLI examples. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - LocalPotato Execution id: 6bd75993-9888-4f91-9404-e1e4e4e34b77 status: test description: Detects the execution of the LocalPotato POC based on basic PE metadata information and default CLI examples references: - https://www.localpotato.com/localpotato_html/LocalPotato.html - https://github.com/decoder-it/LocalPotato author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-14 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - cve.2023-21746 - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: \LocalPotato.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - .exe -i C:\ - -o Windows\ selection_hash_plain: Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=E1742EE971D6549E8D4D81115F88F1FC - IMPHASH=DD82066EFBA94D7556EF582F247C8BB5 condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects chmod targeting files in sensitive directory paths on Linux systems. Attackers may use chmod to change permissio. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Chmod Targeting Sensitive Directories id: 6419afd1-3742-47a5-a7e6-b50386cd15f8 status: test description: 'Detects chmod targeting files in sensitive directory paths on Linux systems. Attackers may use chmod to change permissions of files in these directories to maintain persistence, escalate privileges, or disrupt system operations. ' references: - https://www.intezer.com/blog/malware-analysis/new-backdoor-sysjoker/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1222.002/T1222.002.md author: Christopher Peacock @SecurePeacock, SCYTHE @scythe_io date: 2022-06-03 modified: 2026-03-18 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1222.002 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /chmod CommandLine|contains: - /tmp/ - /.Library/ - /etc/ - /opt/ filter_main_update_shells: CommandLine|contains: chmod --reference=/etc/shells ParentCommandLine|endswith: /update-shells filter_main_postinst: CommandLine|contains: /etc/ ParentCommandLine|contains|all: - /var/lib/dpkg/info/ - .postinst configure filter_main_apt_key: CommandLine|startswith: chmod 700 /tmp/apt-key-gpghome. filter_main_mkinitramfs: CommandLine|startswith: chmod 755 /var/tmp/mkinitramfs filter_main_landscape: CommandLine: chmod 0775 /etc/landscape/ filter_main_ubuntu_apparmor: CommandLine: chmod 644 /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/home.d/ubuntu condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Some false positives are to be expected. Apply additional filters as needed before pushing to production. level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4729
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4729. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u80 and 8u45 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Deployment.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2132. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.400000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the execve system-call implementation in HP HP-UX B.11.11, B.11.23, and B.11.31 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Query: risk of The dissect_lbmr_pser function in epan/dissectors/packet-lbmr.c in the LBMR dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.5 does not reject a zero length, which allows remote attackers
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3808. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The dissect_lbmr_pser function in epan/dissectors/packet-lbmr.c in the LBMR dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.5 does not reject a zero length, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7869. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Multiple integer overflows in the kernel mode driver for the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R340 before 341.92, R352 before 354.35, and R358 before 358.87 on Windows and R304 before 304.131, R340 before 340.96, R352 before 352.63, and R358 before 358.16 on Linux allow local users to obtain sensitive information, cause a denial of service (crash), or possibly gain privileges via unknown vectors, which trigger uninitialized or out of bounds memory access. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability type and affected versions. See CVE-2015-8328 for the vulnerability in the NVAPI support layer in NVIDIA drivers for Windows.
Query: exploit The decode_uncompressed function in libavcodec/faxcompr.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.2 does not validate uncompressed runs, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (ou
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8218. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The decode_uncompressed function in libavcodec/faxcompr.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.2 does not validate uncompressed runs, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted CCITT FAX data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6824. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The sws_init_context function in libswscale/utils.c in FFmpeg before 2.7.2 does not initialize certain pixbuf data structures, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation violation) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted video data.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1828
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1828. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The Ruby http gem before 0.7.3 does not verify hostnames in SSL connections, which might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle-attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3400. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. sharenfs 0.6.4, when built with commits bcdd594 and 7d08880 from the zfs repository, provides world readable access to the shared zfs file system, which might allow remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading shared files.
Query: exploit openpgpkey_61.c in named in ISC BIND 9.9.7 before 9.9.7-P3 and 9.10.x before 9.10.2-P4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon ex
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5986. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. openpgpkey_61.c in named in ISC BIND 9.9.7 before 9.9.7-P3 and 9.10.x before 9.10.2-P4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon exit) via a crafted DNS response.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8726. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. wiretap/vwr.c in the VeriWave file parser in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate certain signature and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted file.
Query: detection rule: Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by CrackMapExec.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by CrackMapExec.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: HackTool - CrackMapExec File Indicators id: 736ffa74-5f6f-44ca-94ef-1c0df4f51d2a related: - id: 9433ff9c-5d3f-4269-99f8-95fc826ea489 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects file creation events with filename patterns used by CrackMapExec. references: - https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-03-11 modified: 2024-06-27 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection_path: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\Temp\ selection_names_str: TargetFilename|endswith: - \temp.ps1 - \msol.ps1 selection_names_re: - TargetFilename|re: \\[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}\.txt$ - TargetFilename|re: \\[a-zA-Z]{8}\.tmp$ condition: selection_path and 1 of selection_names_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of unicode characters which are homoglyphs, or identical in appearance, to ASCII letter characters.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Homoglyph Attack Using Lookalike Characters id: 32e280f1-8ad4-46ef-9e80-910657611fbc status: test description: 'Detects the presence of unicode characters which are homoglyphs, or identical in appearance, to ASCII letter characters. This is used as an obfuscation and masquerading techniques. Only "perfect" homoglyphs are included; these are characters that are indistinguishable from ASCII characters and thus may make excellent candidates for homoglyph attack characters. ' references: - https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/socgholish/#threat-socgholish - http://www.irongeek.com/homoglyph-attack-generator.php author: Micah Babinski, @micahbabinski date: 2023-05-07 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_upper: CommandLine|contains: - А - В - Е - К - М - Н - О - Р - С - Т - Х - Ѕ - І - Ј - Ү - Ӏ - Ԍ - Ԛ - Ԝ - Α - Β - Ε - Ζ - Η - Ι - Κ - Μ - Ν - Ο - Ρ - Τ - Υ - Χ selection_lower: CommandLine|contains: - а - е - о - р - с - х - ѕ - і - ӏ - ј - һ - ԁ - ԛ - ԝ - ο condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Commandlines with legitimate Cyrillic text; will likely require tuning (or not be usable) in countries where these alphabets are in use. level: medium
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8570
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8570. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. The password reset functionality in Lepide Active Directory Self Service allows remote authenticated users to change arbitrary domain user passwords via a crafted request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0002. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The AhcVerifyAdminContext function in ahcache.sys in the Application Compatibility component in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not verify that an impersonation token is associated with an administrative account, which allows local users to gain privileges by running AppCompatCache.exe with a crafted DLL file, aka MSRC ID 20544 or "Microsoft Application Compatibility Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Search Threat Vendor Data
Matching passage: T1681 Search Threat Vendor Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Threat actors may seek information/indicators from closed or open threat intelligence sources gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. These reports may include descriptions of behavior, detailed breakdowns of attacks, atomic indicators such as malware hashes or IP addresses, timelines of a group’s activity, and more. Adversaries may change their behavior when planning their future operations. Adversaries have been observed replacing atomic indicators mentioned in blog posts in under a week.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence VMWare ESXi Zero-Day 2023) Adversaries have also been seen searching for their own domain names in threat vendor data and then taking them down, likely to avoid seizure or further investigation.(Citation: Sentinel One Contagious Interview ClickFix September 2025) This technique is distinct from [Threat Intel Vendors](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001) in that it describes threat actors performing reconnaissance on their own activity, not in search of victim information.
Near-miss passage: T1596.005 Scan Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Query: collection using Screen Capture
Matching passage: T1113 Screen Capture. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is also typically possible through native utilities or API calls, such as <code>CopyFromScreen</code>, <code>xwd</code>, or <code>screencapture</code>.(Citation: CopyFromScreen .NET)(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)
Near-miss passage: T1213.004 Customer Relationship Management Software. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software to mine valuable information. CRM software is used to assist organizations in tracking and managing customer interactions, as well as storing customer data. Once adversaries gain access to a victim organization, they may mine CRM software for customer data. This may include personally identifiable information (PII) such as full names, emails, phone numbers, and addresses, as well as additional details such as purchase histories and IT support interactions. By collecting this data, an adversary may be able to send personalized [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) emails, engage in SIM swapping, or otherwise target the organization’s customers in ways that enable financial gain or the compromise of additional organizations.(Citation: Bleeping Computer US Cellular Hack 2022)(Citation: Bleeping Computer Mint Mobile Hack 2021)(Citation: Bleeping Computer Bank Hack 2020) CRM software may be hosted on-premises or in the cloud. Information stored in these solutions may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Examples of CRM software include Microsoft Dynamics 365, Salesforce, Zoho, Zendesk, and HubSpot.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2467
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2467. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Office 2007 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0786. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the logging functionality in the Preboot Policy service in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4640
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4640. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 2.9000000953674316. The SwiftKey language-pack update implementation on Samsung Galaxy S4, S4 Mini, S5, and S6 devices relies on an HTTP connection to the skslm.swiftkey.net server, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to write to language-pack files by modifying an HTTP response. NOTE: CVE-2015-4640 exploitation can be combined with CVE-2015-4641 exploitation for man-in-the-middle code execution.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6473. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. WAGO IO 750-849 01.01.27 and WAGO IO 750-881 01.02.05 do not contain privilege separation.
Query: detection rule: One of the Windows Eventlogs has been cleared. e.g. caused by "wevtutil cl" command execution
Matching passage: Sigma rule: One of the Windows Eventlogs has been cleared. e.g. caused by "wevtutil cl" command execution. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Security Eventlog Cleared id: d99b79d2-0a6f-4f46-ad8b-260b6e17f982 related: - id: f2f01843-e7b8-4f95-a35a-d23584476423 type: obsolete - id: a122ac13-daf8-4175-83a2-72c387be339d type: obsolete status: test description: One of the Windows Eventlogs has been cleared. e.g. caused by "wevtutil cl" command execution references: - https://twitter.com/deviouspolack/status/832535435960209408 - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/027cc450ef5f8c5f653329641ec1fed91f694e0d229928963b30f6b0d7d3a745?environmentId=100 - https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/f99542b94afe0ad2f19a82cc08262e7ac8e1428e/Detections/SecurityEvent/SecurityEventLogCleared.yaml author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-01-10 modified: 2022-02-24 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.005 - car.2016-04-002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection_517: EventID: 517 Provider_Name: Security selection_1102: EventID: 1102 Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-Eventlog condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Rollout of log collection agents (the setup routine often includes a reset of the local Eventlog) - System provisioning (system reset before the golden image creation) level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: This rule detects execution of a PowerShell code through the sqltoolsps.exe utility, which is included in the standard s. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: SQL Client Tools PowerShell Session Detection id: a746c9b8-a2fb-4ee5-a428-92bee9e99060 status: test description: 'This rule detects execution of a PowerShell code through the sqltoolsps.exe utility, which is included in the standard set of utilities supplied with the Microsoft SQL Server Management studio. Script blocks are not logged in this case, so this utility helps to bypass protection mechanisms based on the analysis of these logs. ' references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/8283d8d91552213ded165fd36deb6cb9534cb443/yml/OtherMSBinaries/Sqltoolsps.yml - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/993298228840992768 author: Agro (@agro_sev) oscd.communitly date: 2020-10-13 modified: 2022-02-25 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.001 - attack.t1127 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \sqltoolsps.exe - ParentImage|endswith: \sqltoolsps.exe - OriginalFileName: \sqltoolsps.exe filter: ParentImage|endswith: \smss.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Direct PS command execution through SQLToolsPS.exe is uncommon, childprocess sqltoolsps.exe spawned by smss.exe is a legitimate action. level: medium