alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Windows Remote Management
Matching passage: T1021.006 Windows Remote Management. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. WinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014) WinRM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).(Citation: MSDN WMI)
Near-miss passage: T1021 Remote Services. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service that accepts remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. In an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized into domains. Domains provide centralized identity management, allowing users to login using one set of credentials across the entire network. If an adversary is able to obtain a set of valid domain credentials, they could login to many different machines using remote access protocols such as secure shell (SSH) or remote desktop protocol (RDP).(Citation: SSH Secure Shell)(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) They could also login to accessible SaaS or IaaS services, such as those that federate their identities to the domain, or management platforms for internal virtualization environments such as VMware vCenter. Legitimate applications (such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072) and other administrative programs) may utilize [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) to access remote hosts. For example, Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) on macOS is native software used for remote management. ARD leverages a blend of protocols, including [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) to send the screen and control buffers and [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) for secure file transfer.(Citation: Remote Management MDM macOS)(Citation: Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands)(Citation: Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3) Adversaries can abuse applications such as ARD to gain remote code execution and perform lateral movement. In versions of macOS prior to 10.14, an adversary can escalate an SSH session to an ARD session which enables an adversary to accept TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) prompts without user interaction and gain access to data.(Citation: FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop)(
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0989
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0989. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. PACTware 4.1 SP3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted file that triggers an internal error.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3225. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. lib/rack/utils.rb in Rack before 1.5.4 and 1.6.x before 1.6.2, as used with Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.x and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SystemStackError) via a request with a large parameter depth.
Query: rule covering Detects process connections to a Monero crypto mining pool
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects process connections to a Monero crypto mining pool. Logsource: linux / network_connection. Rule: title: Linux Crypto Mining Pool Connections id: a46c93b7-55ed-4d27-a41b-c259456c4746 status: stable description: Detects process connections to a Monero crypto mining pool references: - https://www.poolwatch.io/coin/monero author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-26 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1496 logsource: product: linux category: network_connection detection: selection: DestinationHostname: - pool.minexmr.com - fr.minexmr.com - de.minexmr.com - sg.minexmr.com - ca.minexmr.com - us-west.minexmr.com - pool.supportxmr.com - mine.c3pool.com - xmr-eu1.nanopool.org - xmr-eu2.nanopool.org - xmr-us-east1.nanopool.org - xmr-us-west1.nanopool.org - xmr-asia1.nanopool.org - xmr-jp1.nanopool.org - xmr-au1.nanopool.org - xmr.2miners.com - xmr.hashcity.org - xmr.f2pool.com - xmrpool.eu - pool.hashvault.pro - moneroocean.stream - monerocean.stream condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of crypto miners level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process inj. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon Child Process Of Conhost.EXE id: 7dc2dedd-7603-461a-bc13-15803d132355 related: - id: dfa03a09-8b92-4d83-8e74-f72839b1c407 type: similar status: test description: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process injection activity. references: - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/05/25/how-to-con-your-host/ author: omkar72 date: 2020-10-25 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \conhost.exe filter_main_conhost: Image|endswith: :\Windows\System32\conhost.exe filter_main_null: Image: null filter_main_empty: Image: '' filter_optional_provider: Provider_Name: SystemTraceProvider-Process condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: vulnerability: In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 810, SD 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9116. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 810, SD 820, and SD 820A, in a QTEE syscall handler, an untrusted pointer dereference can occur.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4646. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. (1) unsquash-1.c, (2) unsquash-2.c, (3) unsquash-3.c, and (4) unsquash-4.c in Squashfs and sasquatch allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted input.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Non-Application Layer Protocol
Matching passage: T1095 Non-Application Layer Protocol. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL). ICMP communication between hosts is one example.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Because ICMP is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, it is required to be implemented by all IP-compatible hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ICMP) However, it is not as commonly monitored as other Internet Protocols such as TCP or UDP and may be used by adversaries to hide communications. In ESXi environments, adversaries may leverage the Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) for communication between guest virtual machines and the ESXi host. This traffic is similar to client-server communications on traditional network sockets but is localized to the physical machine running the ESXi host, meaning it does not traverse external networks (routers, switches). This results in communications that are invisible to external monitoring and standard networking tools like tcpdump, netstat, nmap, and Wireshark. By adding a VMCI backdoor to a compromised ESXi host, adversaries may persistently regain access from any guest VM to the compromised ESXi host’s backdoor, regardless of network segmentation or firewall rules in place.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence VMWare ESXi Zero-Day 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1092 Communication Through Removable Media. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.
Query: secure coding against Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters
Matching passage: CWE-236 Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1078 Inappropriate Source Code Style or Formatting. The source code does not follow desired style or formatting for indentation, white space, comments, etc.
Query: exploit IBM Java Security Components in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 8 before SR2, 7 R1 before SR3 FP20, 7 before SR9 FP20, 6 R1 before SR8 FP15, and 6 before SR16 FP15 allow physicall
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5006. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM Java Security Components in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 8 before SR2, 7 R1 before SR3 FP20, 7 before SR9 FP20, 6 R1 before SR8 FP15, and 6 before SR16 FP15 allow physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading the Kerberos Credential Cache.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5959. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Froxlor before 0.9.33.2 with the default configuration/setup might allow remote attackers to obtain the database password by reading /logs/sql-error.log.
Query: risk of Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 allows remote attackers to perform unspecified actions by leveraging an unexpired session after the user has been (1) deleted or (2) unlinked.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7367. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.5. Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 allows remote attackers to perform unspecified actions by leveraging an unexpired session after the user has been (1) deleted or (2) unlinked.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3062. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3060, CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3071, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.
Query: vulnerability: Cisco Finesse 10.5(1) allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a crafted XML document, aka Bu
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0754. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Cisco Finesse 10.5(1) allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a crafted XML document, aka Bug ID CSCut95810.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0701. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 10.0. Cisco UCS Central Software before 1.3(1a) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HTTP request, aka Bug ID CSCut46961.
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in user creation in the Web-based Development Workbench in SAP HANA DB 1.00.73.00.389160 (NewDB100_REL) allows remote authenticated users t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7728. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in user creation in the Web-based Development Workbench in SAP HANA DB 1.00.73.00.389160 (NewDB100_REL) allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the username, aka SAP Security Note 2153898.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9103. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Synology Note Station 1.1-0212 and earlier allow remote authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) note title or (2) file name of attachments.
Query: SOC alert related to System Services
Matching passage: T1569 System Services. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.
Near-miss passage: T1569.001 Launchctl. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man) Adversaries use launchctl to execute commands and programs as [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s. Common subcommands include: <code>launchctl load</code>,<code>launchctl unload</code>, and <code>launchctl start</code>. Adversaries can use scripts or manually run the commands <code>launchctl load -w "%s/Library/LaunchAgents/%s"</code> or <code>/bin/launchctl load</code> to execute [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Query: campaign using Protocol Tunneling
Matching passage: T1572 Protocol Tunneling. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. There are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling)(Citation: Sygnia Abyss Locker 2025) [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) Adversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol or Service Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.
Near-miss passage: T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic. Adversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. Adversaries may also leverage legitimate protocols to impersonate expected web traffic or trusted services. For example, adversaries may manipulate HTTP headers, URI endpoints, SSL certificates, and transmitted data to disguise C2 communications or mimic legitimate services such as Gmail, Google Drive, and Yahoo Messenger.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)(Citation: Malleable-C2-U42)
Query: ATT&CK technique for Container and Resource Discovery
Matching passage: T1613 Container and Resource Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster. These resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment’s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary’s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution.
Near-miss passage: T1012 Query Registry. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software. The Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be queried using the [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) utility, though other means to access the Registry exist. Some of the information may help adversaries to further their operation within a network. Adversaries may use the information from [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Query: write Sigma for Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request.. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - TFTP Request id: b4e6b016-a2ac-4759-ad85-8000b300d61e status: test description: Detects instances where a TFTP service on an OpenCanary node has had a request. references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Security Onion Solutions date: 2024-03-08 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1041 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 10001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility. Which can be used to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DriverQuery.EXE Execution id: a20def93-0709-4eae-9bd2-31206e21e6b2 related: - id: 9fc3072c-dc8f-4bf7-b231-18950000fadd type: similar status: test description: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility. Which can be used to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/01/09/unwrapping-ursnifs-gifts/ - https://www.vmray.com/cyber-security-blog/analyzing-ursnif-behavior-malware-sandbox/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/saigon-mysterious-ursnif-fork.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-19 modified: 2023-09-29 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: driverquery.exe - OriginalFileName: drvqry.exe filter_main_other: - ParentImage|endswith: - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - ParentImage|contains: - \AppData\Local\ - \Users\Public\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use by third party tools in order to investigate installed drivers level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_driverquery_usage/info.yml
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5260
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5260. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in SPICE before 0.12.6 allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (heap-based memory corruption and QEMU-KVM crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code on the host via QXL commands related to the surface_id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5120. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Shockwave Player before 12.1.9.159 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5121.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2114
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2114. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. HP Support Solution Framework before 11.51.0049 allows remote attackers to download an arbitrary program onto a client machine and execute this program via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7914. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. Sauter EY-WS505F0x0 moduWeb Vision before 1.6.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging knowledge of a password hash without knowledge of the associated password.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Nibbleblog before 4.0.5 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) cr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6966. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Nibbleblog before 4.0.5 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) create a post via a new_simple action to admin.php or (2) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the content parameter in a new_simple action to admin.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2805. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in sec/content/sec_asa_users_local_db_add.html in the management web interface in Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch 6450, 6250, 6850E, 9000E, 6400, 6855, 6900, 10K, and 6860 with firmware 6.4.5.R02, 6.4.6.R01, 6.6.4.R01, 6.6.5.R02, 7.3.2.R01, 7.3.3.R01, 7.3.4.R01, and 8.1.1.R01 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create users via a crafted request.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1774
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1774. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The HWP filter in LibreOffice before 4.3.7 and 4.4.x before 4.4.2 and Apache OpenOffice before 4.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted HWP document, which triggers an out-of-bounds write.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1641. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, Word for Mac 2011, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, and Office Web Apps Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted RTF document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."