alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: threat report mentioning Malware
Matching passage: T1588.001 Malware. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors. In addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).
Near-miss passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Persistence mechanism resembling Cloud Storage Object Discovery
Matching passage: Playbook for T1619 Cloud Storage Object Discovery. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1619. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may enumerate objects in cloud storage infrastructure. Adversaries may use this information during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including requesting all or specific objects from cloud storage. Similar to [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) on a local host, after identifying available storage services (i.e. [Cloud Infrastructure
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1082 System Information Discovery. Different response path focused on discovery.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5168
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5168. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the HTTP/2 experimental feature in Apache Traffic Server 5.3.x before 5.3.2 has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5206.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2113. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in HP Easy Deploy, as distributed standalone and in HP Easy Tools before 3.0.1.1650, on HP Thin Client t5540, t5740, and t5740e devices and HP Flexible Thin Client t510, t520, t610, t620, and t820 devices allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
Query: alert when Detects suspicious usage of the ShellExec_RunDLL function to launch other commands as seen in the the raspberry-robin at
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious usage of the ShellExec_RunDLL function to launch other commands as seen in the the raspberry-robin at. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Usage Of ShellExec_RunDLL id: d87bd452-6da1-456e-8155-7dc988157b7d related: - id: 36c5146c-d127-4f85-8e21-01bf62355d5a type: obsolete - id: 8823e85d-31d8-473e-b7f4-92da070f0fc6 type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious usage of the ShellExec_RunDLL function to launch other commands as seen in the the raspberry-robin attack references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/raspberry-robin/ - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/10/27/raspberry-robin-worm-part-of-larger-ecosystem-facilitating-pre-ransomware-activity/ - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-01 modified: 2022-12-30 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_openasrundll: CommandLine|contains: ShellExec_RunDLL selection_suspcli: CommandLine|contains: - \Desktop\ - \Temp\ - \Users\Public\ - comspec - iex - Invoke- - msiexec - odbcconf - regsvr32 condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect use of X509Enrollment. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Suspicious X509Enrollment - Ps Script id: 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c related: - id: 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4 type: similar status: test description: Detect use of X509Enrollment references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=42 - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=41 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.hpc.scheduler.store.cx509enrollmentwebclassfactoryclass?view=hpc-sdk-5.1.6115 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-23 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1553.004 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains: - X509Enrollment.CBinaryConverter - 884e2002-217d-11da-b2a4-000e7bbb2b09 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Query: risk of In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, and SD 810, while processing QSEE Syscall 'qsee_macc_gen_ecc
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9134. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, and SD 810, while processing QSEE Syscall 'qsee_macc_gen_ecc_privkey', untrusted pointer dereference occurs, which could result in arbitrary write.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4054. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. PgBouncer before 1.5.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) by sending a password packet before a startup packet.
Query: vulnerability: The (1) udp_recvmsg and (2) udpv6_recvmsg functions in the Linux kernel before 4.0.6 provide inappropriate -EAGAIN return values, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5366. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) udp_recvmsg and (2) udpv6_recvmsg functions in the Linux kernel before 4.0.6 provide inappropriate -EAGAIN return values, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (EPOLLET epoll application read outage) via an incorrect checksum in a UDP packet, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5364.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5964. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) contrib.sessions.backends.base.SessionBase.flush and (2) cache_db.SessionStore.flush functions in Django 1.7.x before 1.7.10, 1.4.x before 1.4.22, and possibly other versions create empty sessions in certain circumstances, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (session store consumption) via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: The web framework in Cisco Prime Collaboration Assurance (PCA) 10.5(1) allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary files via a craft
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6328. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The web framework in Cisco Prime Collaboration Assurance (PCA) 10.5(1) allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and read arbitrary files via a crafted URL, aka Bug ID CSCus88380.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2286. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.5. lms/templates/footer-edx-new.html in Open edX edx-platform before 2015-01-29 does not properly restrict links on the password-reset page, which allows user-assisted remote attackers to discover password-reset tokens by reading a referer log after a victim navigates from this page to a social-sharing site.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple buffer overflows in mDNSResponder before 625.41.2 allow remote attackers to read or write to out-of-bounds memory locations via vectors involving the (1) GetValueForIPv4Ad
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7987. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in mDNSResponder before 625.41.2 allow remote attackers to read or write to out-of-bounds memory locations via vectors involving the (1) GetValueForIPv4Addr, (2) GetValueForMACAddr, (3) rfc3110_import, or (4) CopyNSEC3ResourceRecord function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3220. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The tlslite library before 0.4.9 for Python allows remote attackers to trigger a denial of service (runtime exception and process crash).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5865
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5865. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IOGraphics in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows attackers to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2884. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. Philips In.Sight B120/37 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request, related to yoics.net URLs, stream.m3u8 URIs, and cam_service_enable.cgi.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the execution of Dnx.EXE. The Dnx utility allows for the execution of C# code. Attackers might abuse this in ord
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Dnx.EXE. The Dnx utility allows for the execution of C# code. Attackers might abuse this in ord. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Application Whitelisting Bypass via Dnx.EXE id: 81ebd28b-9607-4478-bf06-974ed9d53ed7 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of Dnx.EXE. The Dnx utility allows for the execution of C# code. Attackers might abuse this in order to bypass application whitelisting. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Csi/ - https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/ author: Beyu Denis, oscd.community date: 2019-10-26 modified: 2024-04-24 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.t1027.004 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \dnx.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of dnx.exe by legitimate user level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects encoded base64 MZ header in the commandline. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Base64 MZ Header In CommandLine id: 22e58743-4ac8-4a9f-bf19-00a0428d8c5f status: test description: Detects encoded base64 MZ header in the commandline references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/07/11/select-xmrig-from-sqlserver/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-12 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - TVqQAAMAAAAEAAAA - TVpQAAIAAAAEAA8A - TVqAAAEAAAAEABAA - TVoAAAAAAAAAAAAA - TVpTAQEAAAAEAAAA condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: incident response steps for Persistence mechanism resembling Domain or Tenant Policy Modification
Matching passage: Playbook for T1484 Domain or Tenant Policy Modification. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1484. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment, privilege escalation. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain or identity tenant to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in centrally managed environments. Such services provide a centralized means of managing identity resources such as devices and accounts, and often include configuration settings that may apply between domains or tenants such as trust relationships, identity syncing, or ide
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1484.002 Trust Modification. Different response path focused on defense impairment, privilege escalation.
Query: exploit The lut_inverse_interp16 function in the QCMS library in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (buffer ov
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4504. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The lut_inverse_interp16 function in the QCMS library in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (buffer over-read and application crash) via crafted attributes in the ICC 4 profile of an image.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6609. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. libutils in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48X and 6.0 before 2015-11-01 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted audio file, aka internal bug 22953624.
Query: exploit wiretap/vwr.c in the VeriWave file parser in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate certain signature and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) data, 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8726. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. wiretap/vwr.c in the VeriWave file parser in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate certain signature and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6403. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The TFTP implementation on Cisco Small Business SPA30x, SPA50x, SPA51x phones 7.5.7 improperly validates firmware-image file integrity, which allows local users to load a Trojan horse image by leveraging shell access, aka Bug ID CSCut67400.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2960
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2960. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Zoho NetFlow Analyzer build 10250 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1039. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in user/login.phtml in ZF-Commons ZfcUser before 1.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the redirect parameter.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9461
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9461. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The awesome-filterable-portfolio plugin before 1.9 for WordPress has afp_get_new_portfolio_item_page SQL injection via the item_id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8769. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in Joomla! 3.x before 3.4.7 allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of The Document::open function in WebKit/Source/core/dom/Document.cpp in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73 does not ensure that page-dismissal event handling is compatible with modal-
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6782. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Document::open function in WebKit/Source/core/dom/Document.cpp in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73 does not ensure that page-dismissal event handling is compatible with modal-dialog blocking, which makes it easier for remote attackers to spoof Omnibox content via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6546. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The vCMP host in F5 BIG-IP Analytics, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and LTM 11.0.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP AAM 11.4.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP AFM and PEM 11.3.0 before 11.6.0, BIG-IP Edge Gateway, WebAccelerator, and WOM 11.0.0 through 11.3.0, BIG-IP PSM 11.0.0 through 11.4.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via "malicious traffic."
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9061
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9061. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, playReady DRM failed to check a length potentially leading to unauthorized access to secure memory.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1607. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. kbx/keybox-search.c in GnuPG before 1.4.19, 2.0.x before 2.0.27, and 2.1.x before 2.1.2 does not properly handle bitwise left-shifts, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid read operation) via a crafted keyring file, related to sign extensions and "memcpy with overlapping ranges."
Query: Sigma YAML for aws / cloudtrail
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects S3 Browser utility creating IAM User or AccessKey.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS IAM S3Browser User or AccessKey Creation id: db014773-d9d9-4792-91e5-133337c0ffee status: test description: Detects S3 Browser utility creating IAM User or AccessKey. references: - https://permiso.io/blog/s/unmasking-guivil-new-cloud-threat-actor author: daniel.bohannon@permiso.io (@danielhbohannon) date: 2023-05-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.009 - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: iam.amazonaws.com eventName: - CreateUser - CreateAccessKey userAgent|contains: S3 Browser condition: selection falsepositives: - Valid usage of S3 Browser for IAM User and/or AccessKey creation level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a process spawned by the terminal service server process (this could be an indicator for an exploitation of CVE-. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Terminal Service Process Spawn id: 1012f107-b8f1-4271-af30-5aed2de89b39 status: test description: Detects a process spawned by the terminal service server process (this could be an indicator for an exploitation of CVE-2019-0708) references: - https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/rdp-stands-for-really-do-patch-understanding-the-wormable-rdp-vulnerability-cve-2019-0708/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-05-22 modified: 2023-01-25 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1210 - car.2013-07-002 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: ParentCommandLine|contains|all: - \svchost.exe - termsvcs filter_img: Image|endswith: - \rdpclip.exe - :\Windows\System32\csrss.exe - :\Windows\System32\wininit.exe - :\Windows\System32\winlogon.exe filter_null: Image: null condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: what is T1036.009
Matching passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1036.008 Masquerade File Type. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file’s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded and organized. For example, a file’s signature (also known as header or magic bytes) is the beginning bytes of a file and is often used to identify the file’s type. For example, the header of a JPEG file, is <code> 0xFF 0xD8</code> and the file extension is either `.JPE`, `.JPEG` or `.JPG`. Adversaries may edit the header’s hex code and/or the file extension of a malicious payload in order to bypass file validation checks and/or input sanitization. This behavior is commonly used when payload files are transferred (e.g., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) and stored (e.g., [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001)) so that adversaries may move their malware without triggering detections. Common non-executable file types and extensions, such as text files (`.txt`) and image files (`.jpg`, `.gif`, etc.) may be typically treated as benign. Based on this, adversaries may use a file extension to disguise malware, such as naming a PHP backdoor code with a file name of <code>test.gif</code>. A user may not know that a file is malicious due to the benign appearance and file extension. Polyglot files, which are files that have multiple different file types and that function differently based on the application that will execute them, may also be used to disguise malicious malware and capabilities.(Citation: polygot_icedID)
Query: risk of The BER decoder in Botan 1.10.x before 1.10.10 and 1.11.x before 1.11.19 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, related 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5727. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. The BER decoder in Botan 1.10.x before 1.10.10 and 1.11.x before 1.11.19 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, related to a length field.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0044. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8967 and CVE-2015-0050.
Query: vulnerability: content/browser/web_contents/web_contents_impl.cc in Google Chrome before 44.0.2403.89 does not ensure that a PDF document's modal dialog is closed upon navigation to an interstiti
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1278. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. content/browser/web_contents/web_contents_impl.cc in Google Chrome before 44.0.2403.89 does not ensure that a PDF document's modal dialog is closed upon navigation to an interstitial page, which allows remote attackers to spoof URLs via a crafted document, as demonstrated by the alert_dialog.pdf document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3755. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, as used in iOS before 8.4.1 and other products, allows remote attackers to spoof the user interface via a malformed URL.