alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: intelligence brief on T1596.003
Matching passage: T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location. Adversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.005 Scan Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Query: weakness Plaintext Storage of a Password
Matching passage: CWE-256 Plaintext Storage of a Password. The product stores a password in plaintext within resources such as memory or files.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1069 Empty Exception Block. An invokable code block contains an exception handling block that does not contain any code, i.e. is empty.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the suspicious use of the Velociraptor DFIR tool to execute other tools or download additional payloads, as seen
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the suspicious use of the Velociraptor DFIR tool to execute other tools or download additional payloads, as seen. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Velociraptor Child Process id: 4bc90587-e6ca-4b41-be0b-ed4d04e4ed0c status: experimental description: Detects the suspicious use of the Velociraptor DFIR tool to execute other tools or download additional payloads, as seen in a campaign where it was abused for remote access and to stage further attacks. references: - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2025/08/26/velociraptor-incident-response-tool-abused-for-remote-access/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-08-29 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.persistence - attack.t1219 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \Velociraptor.exe selection_child_vscode_tunnel: CommandLine|contains|all: - code.exe - tunnel - --accept-server-license-terms selection_child_msiexec: CommandLine|contains|all: - msiexec - /i - http selection_child_powershell: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \powershell_ise.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - 'Invoke-WebRequest ' - 'IWR ' - .DownloadFile - .DownloadString condition: selection_parent and 1 of selection_child_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators or incident responders might use Velociraptor to execute scripts or tools. However, the combination of Velociraptor spawning these specific processes with these command lines is suspicious. Tuning may be required to exclude known administrative actions or specific scripts. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where a MySQL service on an OpenCanary node has had a login attempt.. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - MySQL Login Attempt id: e7d79a1b-25ed-4956-bd56-bd344fa8fd06 status: test description: Detects instances where a MySQL service on an OpenCanary node has had a login attempt. references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Security Onion Solutions date: 2024-03-08 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1003 - attack.t1213 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 8001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: telemetry for T1596.001
Matching passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.004 CDNs. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region. Adversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization’s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).
Query: detect VDSO Hijacking
Matching passage: T1055.014 VDSO Hijacking. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. VDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009)(Citation: Backtrace VDSO)(Citation: VDSO Aug 2005)(Citation: Syscall 2014) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Near-miss passage: T1055.008 Ptrace System Calls. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Ptrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: <code>malloc</code>) then invoking that memory with <code>PTRACE_SETREGS</code> to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with <code>PTRACE_POKETEXT</code>/<code>PTRACE_POKEDATA</code>, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes’ memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) Ptrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes that are non-child processes and/or have higher-privileges.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.
Query: detect Detects user account creation on ESXi system via esxcli in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects user account creation on ESXi system via esxcli. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi Account Creation Via ESXCLI id: b28e4eb3-8bbc-4f0c-819f-edfe8e2f25db status: test description: Detects user account creation on ESXi system via esxcli references: - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_system.html author: Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-08-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.t1136 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains|all: - 'system ' - 'account ' - 'add ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Hydra Password Bruteforce Execution id: aaafa146-074c-11eb-adc1-0242ac120002 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool references: - https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra author: Vasiliy Burov date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 - attack.t1110.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '-u ' - '-p ' CommandLine|contains: - ^USER^ - ^PASS^ condition: selection falsepositives: - Software that uses the caret encased keywords PASS and USER in its command line level: high
Query: alert when Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page.. Logsource: opencanary / application. Rule: title: OpenCanary - HTTPPROXY Login Attempt id: 5498fc09-adc6-4804-b9d9-5cca1f0b8760 status: test description: 'Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page. ' references: - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 author: Security Onion Solutions date: 2024-03-08 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1090 logsource: category: application product: opencanary detection: selection: logtype: 7001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to execute remote commands, within a Pod's container using e.g. the "kubectl exec" command.. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: Potential Remote Command Execution In Pod Container id: a1b0ca4e-7835-413e-8471-3ff2b8a66be6 status: test description: 'Detects attempts to execute remote commands, within a Pod''s container using e.g. the "kubectl exec" command. ' references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/Exec%20into%20container/ author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.t1609 - attack.execution logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: create objectRef.resource: pods objectRef.subresource: exec condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate debugging activity. Investigate the identity performing the requests and their authorization. level: medium
Query: EDR alert: possible Container and Resource Discovery (T1613)
Matching passage: T1613 Container and Resource Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster. These resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment’s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary’s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution.
Near-miss passage: T1069.002 Domain Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators. Commands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Test/WorkArea/workarea.aspx in Ektron Content Management System (CMS) before 9.10 SP1 (Build 9.1.0.184.1.114) allow remote au
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4427. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Test/WorkArea/workarea.aspx in Ektron Content Management System (CMS) before 9.10 SP1 (Build 9.1.0.184.1.114) allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) page, (2) action, (3) folder_id, or (4) LangType parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7373. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the "magic-macros" feature in Revive Adserver before 3.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a GET parameter, which is not properly handled in a banner.
Query: SOC alert related to Encrypted Channel
Matching passage: T1573 Encrypted Channel. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Near-miss passage: T1573.002 Asymmetric Cryptography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver’s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal. For efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013 SP1 and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6039. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013 SP1 and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted content in an Office Marketplace instance, aka "Microsoft SharePoint Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3161. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. The search bar code in bkr/server/widgets.py in Beaker before 20.1 does not escape </script> tags in string literals when producing JSON.
Query: risk of The init_t38_info_conv function in epan/dissectors/packet-t38.c in the T.38 dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 does not ensure that a conversation exists, which allows rem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8716. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The init_t38_info_conv function in epan/dissectors/packet-t38.c in the T.38 dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 does not ensure that a conversation exists, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8670. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. Huawei LogCenter V100R001C10 could allow an authenticated attacker to add abnormal device information to the log collection module, causing denial of service.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4530
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4530. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in EMC Documentum WebTop before 6.8P01, Documentum Administrator through 7.2, Documentum Digital Assets Manager through 6.5SP6, Documentum Web Publishers through 6.5SP7, and Documentum Task Space through 6.7SP2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-2518.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0895. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the All In One WP Security & Firewall plugin before 3.9.0 for WordPress allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete logs of 404 (aka Not Found) HTTP status codes.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to RMI.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4903. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to RMI.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0510. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Commerce Platform component in Oracle Commerce Platform 9.4, 10.0, and 10.2 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via vectors related to Dynamo Application Framework - HTML Admin User Interface.
Query: what is T1114.001
Matching passage: T1114.001 Local Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files. Outlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Outlook Files` or `C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook`.(Citation: Microsoft Outlook Files)
Near-miss passage: T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: CISA AA20-352A 2021) Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients.