alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: playbook for alert: SIEM correlation: impact activity consistent with External Defacement
Matching passage: Playbook for T1491.002 External Defacement. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1491.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: impact. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targete
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1491.001 Internal Defacement. Different response path focused on impact.
Query: detection rule: Rule to detect the Hybrid Connection Manager service running on an endpoint.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Rule to detect the Hybrid Connection Manager service running on an endpoint.. Logsource: windows / microsoft-servicebus-client. Rule: title: HybridConnectionManager Service Running id: b55d23e5-6821-44ff-8a6e-67218891e49f status: test description: Rule to detect the Hybrid Connection Manager service running on an endpoint. references: - https://twitter.com/Cyb3rWard0g/status/1381642789369286662 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2021-04-12 modified: 2024-08-05 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1554 logsource: product: windows service: microsoft-servicebus-client detection: selection: EventID: - 40300 - 40301 - 40302 keywords: - HybridConnection - sb:// - servicebus.windows.net - HybridConnectionManage condition: selection and keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Hybrid Connection Manager via Azure function apps. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported when a user or IP address uses an app that is not sanctioned to per. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Data Exfiltration to Unsanctioned Apps id: 2b669496-d215-47d8-bd9a-f4a45bf07cda status: test description: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported when a user or IP address uses an app that is not sanctioned to perform an activity that resembles an attempt to exfiltrate information from your organization. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1537 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Data exfiltration to unsanctioned apps status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detect VBoxDrvInst.exe run with parameters allowing processing INF file. This allows to create values in the registry an
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect VBoxDrvInst.exe run with parameters allowing processing INF file. This allows to create values in the registry an. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious VBoxDrvInst.exe Parameters id: b7b19cb6-9b32-4fc4-a108-73f19acfe262 status: test description: 'Detect VBoxDrvInst.exe run with parameters allowing processing INF file. This allows to create values in the registry and install drivers. For example one could use this technique to obtain persistence via modifying one of Run or RunOnce registry keys ' references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/4db780e0f0b2e2bb8cb1fa13e09196da9b9f1834/yml/LOLUtilz/OtherBinaries/VBoxDrvInst.yml - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/993497996179492864 author: Konstantin Grishchenko, oscd.community date: 2020-10-06 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \VBoxDrvInst.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - driver - executeinf condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of VBoxDrvInst.exe utility by VirtualBox Guest Additions installation process level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious or uncommon parent processes of PowerShell. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious PowerShell Parent Process id: 754ed792-634f-40ae-b3bc-e0448d33f695 related: - id: 692f0bec-83ba-4d04-af7e-e884a96059b6 type: derived status: test description: Detects a suspicious or uncommon parent processes of PowerShell references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=26 author: Teymur Kheirkhabarov, Harish Segar date: 2020-03-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: - ParentImage|contains: tomcat - ParentImage|endswith: - \amigo.exe - \browser.exe - \chrome.exe - \firefox.exe - \httpd.exe - \iexplore.exe - \jbosssvc.exe - \microsoftedge.exe - \microsoftedgecp.exe - \MicrosoftEdgeSH.exe - \mshta.exe - \nginx.exe - \outlook.exe - \php-cgi.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \safari.exe - \services.exe - \sqlagent.exe - \sqlserver.exe - \sqlservr.exe - \vivaldi.exe - \w3wp.exe selection_powershell: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - CommandLine|contains: - /c powershell - /c pwsh - Description: Windows PowerShell - Product: PowerShell Core 6 - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Other scripts level: high
Query: exploit Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8653. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted MPEG-4 data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, CVE-2015-8454, CVE-2015-8655, CVE-2015-8821, and CVE-2015-8822.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2515. CWE: CWE-416. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Windows Shell in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted toolbar object, aka "Toolbar Use After Free Vulnerability."
Query: risk of Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in (1) editcategories.html and (2) editcategories.php in the Glossary module in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0213. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in (1) editcategories.html and (2) editcategories.php in the Glossary module in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4391. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the CiviCRM private report module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that delete reports via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: cpio 2.11, when using the --no-absolute-filenames option, allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a file in an archive.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1197. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. cpio 2.11, when using the --no-absolute-filenames option, allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a file in an archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4452. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4435, CVE-2015-4438, CVE-2015-4441, CVE-2015-4445, CVE-2015-4447, CVE-2015-4451, CVE-2015-5085, and CVE-2015-5086.
Query: SOC alert related to Browser Fingerprint
Matching passage: T1036.012 Browser Fingerprint. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to blend in with legitimate traffic by spoofing browser and system attributes like operating system, system language, platform, user-agent string, resolution, time zone, etc. The HTTP User-Agent request header is a string that lets servers and network peers identify the application, operating system, vendor, and/or version of the requesting user agent.(Citation: Mozilla User Agent) Adversaries may gather this information through [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) or by users navigating to adversary-controlled websites, and then use that information to craft their web traffic to evade defenses.(Citation: Gummy Browsers Targeted Browser Spoofing against State-of-the-Art Fingerprinting Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1036.006 Space after Filename. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system. For example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called <code>evil.bin</code>, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to <code>evil.txt</code>, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to <code>evil.txt </code> (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back). Adversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.
Query: containment actions for SIEM correlation: persistence activity consistent with RC Scripts
Matching passage: Playbook for T1037.004 RC Scripts. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1037.004. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts, which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify. Adversaries may establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1037.003 Network Logon Script. Different response path focused on persistence, privilege escalation.
Query: Sigma YAML for zeek / dns
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries containing patterns associated with Kerberos coercion attacks via DNS object spoofing. The pattern ". Logsource: zeek / dns. Rule: title: Suspicious DNS Query Indicating Kerberos Coercion via DNS Object SPN Spoofing - Network id: 5588576c-5898-4fac-bcdd-7475a60e8f43 related: - id: b07e58cf-cacc-4135-8473-ccb2eba63dd2 type: similar - id: e7a21b5f-d8c4-4ae5-b8d9-93c5d3f28e1c type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects DNS queries containing patterns associated with Kerberos coercion attacks via DNS object spoofing. The pattern "1UWhRCAAAAA..BAAAA" is a base64-encoded signature that corresponds to a marshaled CREDENTIAL_TARGET_INFORMATION structure. Attackers can use this technique to coerce authentication from victim systems to attacker-controlled hosts. It is one of the strong indicators of a Kerberos coercion attack, where adversaries manipulate DNS records to spoof Service Principal Names (SPNs) and redirect authentication requests like CVE-2025-33073. ' references: - https://www.synacktiv.com/publications/ntlm-reflection-is-dead-long-live-ntlm-reflection-an-in-depth-analysis-of-cve-2025 - https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/10/using-kerberos-for-authentication-relay.html author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-06-20 tags: - attack.collection - attack.credential-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1557.001 - attack.t1187 logsource: product: zeek service: dns detection: selection: query|contains|all: - UWhRCA - BAAAA condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious malformed user agent strings in proxy logs. Logsource: proxy. Rule: title: Suspicious User Agent id: 7195a772-4b3f-43a4-a210-6a003d65caa1 status: test description: Detects suspicious malformed user agent strings in proxy logs references: - https://github.com/fastly/waf_testbed/blob/8bfc406551f3045e418cbaad7596cff8da331dfc/templates/default/scanners-user-agents.data.erb author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-07-08 modified: 2022-10-31 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.001 logsource: category: proxy detection: selection1: c-useragent|startswith: - user-agent - 'Mozilla/3.0 ' - 'Mozilla/2.0 ' - 'Mozilla/1.0 ' - 'Mozilla ' - ' Mozilla/' - Mozila/ - Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MS Web Services Client Protocol selection2: c-useragent|contains: - ' (compatible;MSIE ' - '.0;Windows NT ' - loader selection3: c-useragent: - _ - CertUtil URL Agent - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0 - HTTPS - Erbium-UA-4ce7c27cb4be9d32e333bf032c88235a - x - xxx falsepositives: - c-useragent: Mozilla/3.0 * Acrobat * - cs-host|endswith: - .acrobat.com - .adobe.com - .adobe.io condition: 1 of selection* and not falsepositives falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0002
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0002. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The AhcVerifyAdminContext function in ahcache.sys in the Application Compatibility component in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not verify that an impersonation token is associated with an administrative account, which allows local users to gain privileges by running AppCompatCache.exe with a crafted DLL file, aka MSRC ID 20544 or "Microsoft Application Compatibility Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8325. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The do_setup_env function in session.c in sshd in OpenSSH through 7.2p2, when the UseLogin feature is enabled and PAM is configured to read .pam_environment files in user home directories, allows local users to gain privileges by triggering a crafted environment for the /bin/login program, as demonstrated by an LD_PRELOAD environment variable.
Query: exploit EasyCTF before 1.4 allows remote authenticated users to write executable content to files via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0912. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. EasyCTF before 1.4 allows remote authenticated users to write executable content to files via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5569. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 improperly implement the Flash broker API, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5566
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5566. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5127, CVE-2015-5130, CVE-2015-5134, CVE-2015-5539, CVE-2015-5540, CVE-2015-5550, CVE-2015-5551, CVE-2015-5556, CVE-2015-5557, CVE-2015-5559, CVE-2015-5561, CVE-2015-5563, CVE-2015-5564, and CVE-2015-5565.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2573. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.41 and earlier, and 5.6.22 and earlier, allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to DDL.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by NTDS
Matching passage: T1003.003 NTDS. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory) In addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, adversaries may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015) The following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes. * Volume Shadow Copy * secretsdump.py * Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe * Invoke-NinjaCopy
Near-miss passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Query: risk of Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 16.0(900) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (telnetd process restart) via a TELNET connection, aka Bug ID CSCuv25815.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6382. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 16.0(900) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (telnetd process restart) via a TELNET connection, aka Bug ID CSCuv25815.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1081. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Query: Suspicious Delay Execution execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1678 Delay Execution. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to evade detection and analysis. These techniques often exploit system clocks, delays, or timing mechanisms to obscure malicious activity, blend in with benign activity, and avoid scrutiny. Adversaries can perform this behavior within virtualization/sandbox environments or natively on host systems. Adversaries may utilize programmatic `sleep` commands or native system scheduling functionality, for example [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053). Benign commands or other operations may also be used to delay malware execution or ensure prior commands have had time to execute properly. Loops or otherwise needless repetitions of commands, such as `ping`, may be used to delay malware execution and potentially exceed time thresholds of automated analysis environments.(Citation: Revil Independence Day)(Citation: Netskope Nitol) Another variation, commonly referred to as API hammering, involves making various calls to Native API functions in order to delay execution (while also potentially overloading analysis environments with junk data).(Citation: Joe Sec Nymaim)(Citation: Joe Sec Trickbot)
Near-miss passage: T1070.004 File Deletion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint. There are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well.(Citation: Microsoft SDelete July 2016) Examples of built-in [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) functions include <code>del</code> on Windows, <code>rm</code> or <code>unlink</code> on Linux and macOS, and `rm` on ESXi.