alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects the shell open key manipulation (exefile and ms-settings) used for persistence and the pattern of UAC Bypass usi in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the shell open key manipulation (exefile and ms-settings) used for persistence and the pattern of UAC Bypass usi. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: Shell Open Registry Keys Manipulation id: 152f3630-77c1-4284-bcc0-4cc68ab2f6e7 related: - id: dd3ee8cc-f751-41c9-ba53-5a32ed47e563 type: similar status: test description: Detects the shell open key manipulation (exefile and ms-settings) used for persistence and the pattern of UAC Bypass using fodhelper.exe, computerdefaults.exe, slui.exe via registry keys (e.g. UACMe 33 or 62) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME - https://winscripting.blog/2017/05/12/first-entry-welcome-and-uac-bypass/ - https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/Aggressor-Scripts/tree/master/UACBypass - https://tria.ge/211119-gs7rtshcfr/behavioral2 [Lokibot sample from Nov 2021] author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-30 modified: 2022-01-13 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 - attack.t1546.001 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection1: EventType: SetValue TargetObject|endswith: Classes\ms-settings\shell\open\command\SymbolicLinkValue Details|contains: \Software\Classes\{ selection2: TargetObject|endswith: Classes\ms-settings\shell\open\command\DelegateExecute selection3: EventType: SetValue TargetObject|endswith: - Classes\ms-settings\shell\open\command\(Default) - Classes\exefile\shell\open\command\(Default) filter_sel3: Details: (Empty) condition: selection1 or selection2 or (selection3 and not filter_sel3) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via Stdin in Scripts. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Stdin - PowerShell Module id: c72aca44-8d52-45ad-8f81-f96c4d3c755e related: - id: 86b896ba-ffa1-4fea-83e3-ee28a4c915c7 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via Stdin in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2024-04-05 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_4103: Payload|re: (?i)(set).*&&\s?set.*(environment|invoke|\$?\{?input).*&&.*" condition: selection_4103 falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-4803
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4803. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60; Java SE Embedded 8u51; and JRockit R28.3.7 allows remote attackers to affect availability via vectors related to JAXP, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4893 and CVE-2015-4911.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7658. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted actionInstanceOf arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7653, CVE-2015-7654, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, CVE-2015-8044, and CVE-2015-8046.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of rundll32.exe with the oledb32.dll library to open a UDL file. Threat actors can abuse this tech
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of rundll32.exe with the oledb32.dll library to open a UDL file. Threat actors can abuse this tech. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Rundll32.EXE Execution of UDL File id: 0ea52357-cd59-4340-9981-c46c7e900428 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of rundll32.exe with the oledb32.dll library to open a UDL file. Threat actors can abuse this technique as a phishing vector to capture authentication credentials or other sensitive data. ' references: - https://trustedsec.com/blog/oops-i-udld-it-again author: '@kostastsale' date: 2024-08-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.command-and-control - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.011 - attack.t1071 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \explorer.exe selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - oledb32.dll - ',OpenDSLFile ' - \\Users\\*\\Downloads\\ CommandLine|endswith: .udl condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - UDL files serve as a convenient and flexible tool for managing and testing database connections in various development and administrative scenarios. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are prog. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious ScreenSave Change by Reg.exe id: 0fc35fc3-efe6-4898-8a37-0b233339524f status: test description: 'Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1546.002/T1546.002.md - https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf author: frack113 date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-06-02 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1546.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_reg: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains: - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop - HKCU\Control Panel\Desktop selection_option_1: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaveActive - /t REG_SZ - /d 1 - /f selection_option_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaveTimeout - /t REG_SZ - '/d ' - /f selection_option_3: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaverIsSecure - /t REG_SZ - /d 0 - /f selection_option_4: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v SCRNSAVE.EXE - /t REG_SZ - '/d ' - .scr - /f condition: selection_reg and 1 of selection_option_* falsepositives: - GPO level: medium
Query: common weakness: Missing Cryptographic Step
Matching passage: CWE-325 Missing Cryptographic Step. The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1057 Data Access Operations Outside of Expected Data Manager Component. The product uses a dedicated, central data manager component as required by design, but it contains code that performs data-access operations that do not use this data manager.
Query: risk of The ANSendForApproval method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and A
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6724. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The ANSendForApproval method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4799. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Sites component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 7.6.2, 11.1.1.6.1, and 11.1.1.8.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Security.
Query: detect Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive in a PowerShell script. This technique is often used as a method to l in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive in a PowerShell script. This technique is often used as a method to l. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Suspicious FromBase64String Usage On Gzip Archive - Ps Script id: df69cb1d-b891-4cd9-90c7-d617d90100ce related: - id: d75d6b6b-adb9-48f7-824b-ac2e786efe1f type: similar status: test description: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive in a PowerShell script. This technique is often used as a method to load malicious content into memory afterward. references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=43 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-23 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1132.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - FromBase64String - MemoryStream - H4sI condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Win. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Winlogon Notify Key Logon Persistence id: bbf59793-6efb-4fa1-95ca-a7d288e52c88 status: test description: 'Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1547.004/T1547.004.md#atomic-test-3---winlogon-notify-key-logon-persistence---powershell author: frack113 date: 2021-12-30 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.004 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify\logon Details|endswith: .dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-2049
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2049. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.0. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in D-Link DCS-931L with firmware 1.04 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4747. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Event Processing component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to CEP system.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4776
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4776. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2583, CVE-2015-2624, CVE-2015-2626, CVE-2015-2640, CVE-2015-2654, CVE-2015-2656, CVE-2015-4754, CVE-2015-4764, CVE-2015-4775, CVE-2015-4777, CVE-2015-4778, CVE-2015-4780, CVE-2015-4781, CVE-2015-4782, CVE-2015-4783, CVE-2015-4784, CVE-2015-4785, CVE-2015-4786, CVE-2015-4787, CVE-2015-4789, and CVE-2015-4790.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2631. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11.2 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to rmformat.
Query: rule covering Detects installation of new shim databases that try to patch sections of known processes for potential process injection
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects installation of new shim databases that try to patch sections of known processes for potential process injection. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Suspicious Shim Database Patching Activity id: bf344fea-d947-4ef4-9192-34d008315d3a status: test description: Detects installation of new shim databases that try to patch sections of known processes for potential process injection or persistence. references: - https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-01 modified: 2023-12-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1546.011 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\Custom\ TargetObject|endswith: - \csrss.exe - \dllhost.exe - \explorer.exe - \RuntimeBroker.exe - \services.exe - \sihost.exe - \svchost.exe - \taskhostw.exe - \winlogon.exe - \WmiPrvSe.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: There is an option for a MS VS Just-In-Time Debugger "vsjitdebugger.exe" to launch specified executable and attach a deb. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Malicious PE Execution by Microsoft Visual Studio Debugger id: 15c7904e-6ad1-4a45-9b46-5fb25df37fd2 status: test description: 'There is an option for a MS VS Just-In-Time Debugger "vsjitdebugger.exe" to launch specified executable and attach a debugger. This option may be used adversaries to execute malicious code by signed verified binary. The debugger is installed alongside with Microsoft Visual Studio package. ' references: - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/990758590020452353 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Vsjitdebugger/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/debug-using-the-just-in-time-debugger?view=vs-2019 author: Agro (@agro_sev), Ensar Şamil (@sblmsrsn), oscd.community date: 2020-10-14 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \vsjitdebugger.exe reduction1: Image|endswith: \vsimmersiveactivatehelper*.exe reduction2: Image|endswith: \devenv.exe condition: selection and not (reduction1 or reduction2) falsepositives: - The process spawned by vsjitdebugger.exe is uncommon. level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-6488
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6488. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web server on Allen-Bradley MicroLogix 1100 devices before B FRN 15.000 and 1400 devices before B FRN 15.003 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9347. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The wp-plotly plugin before 1.0.3 for WordPress has XSS by authors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6497
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6497. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The create function in app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Model/Product/Api/V2.php in Magento Community Edition (CE) before 1.9.2.1 and Enterprise Edition (EE) before 1.14.2.1, when used with PHP before 5.4.24 or 5.5.8, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via the productData parameter to index.php/api/v2_soap.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1525. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. audio/AudioPolicyManagerBase.cpp in Android before 5.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (audio_policy application outage) via a crafted application that provides a NULL device address.
Query: threat report mentioning Remote System Discovery
Matching passage: T1018 Remote System Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>net view</code> using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), or, on ESXi servers, `esxcli network diag ping`. Adversaries may also analyze data from local host files (ex: <code>C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts</code> or <code>/etc/hosts</code>) or other passive means (such as local [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) cache entries) in order to discover the presence of remote systems in an environment. Adversaries may also target discovery of network infrastructure as well as leverage [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands on network devices to gather detailed information about systems within a network (e.g. <code>show cdp neighbors</code>, <code>show arp</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0274
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0274. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The XFS implementation in the Linux kernel before 3.15 improperly uses an old size value during remote attribute replacement, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (transaction overrun and data corruption) or possibly gain privileges by leveraging XFS filesystem access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1759. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: Sigma rule for Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organ
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organ. Logsource: github / audit. Rule: title: Outdated Dependency Or Vulnerability Alert Disabled id: 34e1c7d4-0cd5-419d-9f1b-1dad3f61018d status: test description: 'Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organization owner disables Dependabot alerts private repositories or Dependabot security updates for all repositories. ' author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2023-01-27 references: - https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-alerts/about-dependabot-alerts - https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/keeping-your-organization-secure/managing-security-settings-for-your-organization/managing-security-and-analysis-settings-for-your-organization tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1195.001 logsource: product: github service: audit definition: 'Requirements: The audit log streaming feature must be enabled to be able to receive such logs. You can enable following the documentation here: https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin/monitoring-activity-in-your-enterprise/reviewing-audit-logs-for-your-enterprise/streaming-the-audit-log-for-your-enterprise#setting-up-audit-log-streaming' detection: selection: action: - dependabot_alerts_new_repos.disable - dependabot_alerts.disable - dependabot_security_updates_new_repos.disable - dependabot_security_updates.disable - repository_vulnerability_alerts.disable condition: selection falsepositives: - Approved changes by the Organization owner. Please validate the 'actor' if authorized to make the changes. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the removal of Sysmon, which could be a potential attempt at defense evasion. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uninstall Sysinternals Sysmon id: 6a5f68d1-c4b5-46b9-94ee-5324892ea939 status: test description: Detects the removal of Sysmon, which could be a potential attempt at defense evasion references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md#atomic-test-11---uninstall-sysmon author: frack113 date: 2022-01-12 modified: 2026-06-29 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_pe: - Image|endswith: - \Sysmon64.exe - \Sysmon64a.exe - \Sysmon.exe - Description: System activity monitor selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|windash: -u condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators might use this command to remove Sysmon for debugging purposes level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5765
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5765. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The user interface in Safari in Apple iOS before 9 allows remote attackers to spoof URLs via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5764 and CVE-2015-5767.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9146. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, SD 400, SD 800, SD 835, SD 845, SD 850, and SDX20, when QDI read, write, or ioctl are called, the passed-in pointer is not properly validated before accessing it for the delayed response.
Query: vulnerability: Race condition in Cisco IOS 12.2SCH in the Performance Routing Engine (PRE) module on uBR10000 devices, when NetFlow and an MPLS IPv6 VPN are configured, allows remote attackers to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4203. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Race condition in Cisco IOS 12.2SCH in the Performance Routing Engine (PRE) module on uBR10000 devices, when NetFlow and an MPLS IPv6 VPN are configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (PXF process crash) by sending malformed MPLS 6VPE packets quickly, aka Bug ID CSCud83396.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8996. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. In TrustZone a time-of-check time-of-use race condition could potentially exist in a QFPROM routine in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1521
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1521. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. analyzer/protocol/dnp3/DNP3.cc in Bro before 2.3.2 does not properly handle zero values of a packet length, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow or buffer over-read if NDEBUG; otherwise assertion failure) via a crafted DNP3 packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1860. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in gui/image/qgifhandler.cpp in the QtBase module in Qt before 4.8.7 and 5.x before 5.4.2 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted GIF image.