alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Suspicious Poisoned Pipeline Execution execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1677 Poisoned Pipeline Execution. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may manipulate continuous integration / continuous development (CI/CD) processes by injecting malicious code into the build process. There are several mechanisms for poisoning pipelines: * In a <b>Direct Pipeline Execution</b> scenario, the threat actor directly modifies the CI configuration file (e.g., `gitlab-ci.yml` in GitLab). They may include a command to exfiltrate credentials leveraged in the build process to a remote server, or to export them as a workflow artifact.(Citation: Unit 42 Palo Alto GitHub Actions Supply Chain Attack 2025)(Citation: OWASP CICD-SEC-4) * In an <b>Indirect Pipeline Execution</b> scenario, the threat actor injects malicious code into files referenced by the CI configuration file. These may include makefiles, scripts, unit tests, and linters.(Citation: OWASP CICD-SEC-4) * In a <b>Public Pipeline Execution</b> scenario, the threat actor does not have direct access to the repository but instead creates a malicious pull request from a fork that triggers a part of the CI/CD pipeline. For example, in GitHub Actions, the `pull_request_target` trigger allows workflows running from forked repositories to access secrets. If this trigger is combined with an explicit pull request checkout and a location for a threat actor to insert malicious code (e.g., an `npm build` command), a threat actor may be able to leak pipeline credentials.(Citation: Unit 42 Palo Alto GitHub Actions Supply Chain Attack 2025)(Citation: GitHub Security Lab GitHub Actions Security 2021) Similarly, threat actors may craft pull requests with malicious inputs (such as branch names) if the build pipeline treats those inputs as trusted.(Citation: Wiz Ultralytics AI Library Hijack 2024)(Citation: Synactiv Hijacking GitHub Runners)(Citation: GitHub Security Labs GitHub Actions Security Part 2 2021) Finally, if a pipeline leverages a self-hosted runner, a threat actor may be able to execute arbitrary code on a host inside the organization’s network.(Citation: John Staw
Near-miss passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Query: risk of The displayBlock function Template.php in Sensio Labs Twig before 1.20.0, when Sandbox mode is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the _self variable in 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7809. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The displayBlock function Template.php in Sensio Labs Twig before 1.20.0, when Sandbox mode is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the _self variable in a template.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1643. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "NtCreateTransactionManager Type Confusion Vulnerability."
Query: Sigma rule for Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file.. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Overwriting the File with Dev Zero or Null id: 37222991-11e9-4b6d-8bdf-60fbe48f753e status: stable description: Detects overwriting (effectively wiping/deleting) of a file. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1485/T1485.md author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community date: 2019-10-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1485 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0|contains: dd a1|contains: - if=/dev/null - if=/dev/zero condition: selection falsepositives: - Appending null bytes to files. - Legitimate overwrite of files. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported when an activity occurs from a location that wasn't recently or nev. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Activity from Infrequent Country id: 0f2468a2-5055-4212-a368-7321198ee706 status: test description: Detects when a Microsoft Cloud App Security reported when an activity occurs from a location that wasn't recently or never visited by any user in the organization. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1573 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: Activity from infrequent country status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: risk of Race condition in the prepare_binprm function in fs/exec.c in the Linux kernel before 3.19.6 allows local users to gain privileges by executing a setuid program at a time instant w
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3339. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. Race condition in the prepare_binprm function in fs/exec.c in the Linux kernel before 3.19.6 allows local users to gain privileges by executing a setuid program at a time instant when a chown to root is in progress, and the ownership is changed but the setuid bit is not yet stripped.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7543. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. aRts 1.5.10 and kdelibs3 3.5.10 and earlier do not properly create temporary directories, which allows local users to hijack the IPC by pre-creating the temporary directory.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Web UI in IBM Security QRadar SIEM 7.1.x before 7.1 MR2 Patch 12 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4957. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Web UI in IBM Security QRadar SIEM 7.1.x before 7.1 MR2 Patch 12 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3942. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the web-server component in MNS before 4.5.6 on Belden GarrettCom Magnum 6K and Magnum 10K switches allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5753. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QuickTime 7 in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3765, CVE-2015-3779, CVE-2015-3788, CVE-2015-3789, CVE-2015-3790, CVE-2015-3791, CVE-2015-3792, CVE-2015-5751, and CVE-2015-5779.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5547. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5544, CVE-2015-5545, CVE-2015-5546, CVE-2015-5548, CVE-2015-5549, CVE-2015-5552, and CVE-2015-5553.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0558
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0558. CWE: CWE-311. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The ADB (formerly Pirelli Broadband Solutions) P.DGA4001N router with firmware PDG_TEF_SP_4.06L.6, and possibly other routers, uses "1236790" and the MAC address to generate the WPA key.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5208. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.400000095367432. Apache Cordova iOS before 4.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary plugins via a link.
Query: vulnerability: The convenience initializer in the Multipeer Connectivity component in Apple iOS before 9 does not require an encrypted session, which allows local users to obtain cleartext multip
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5851. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The convenience initializer in the Multipeer Connectivity component in Apple iOS before 9 does not require an encrypted session, which allows local users to obtain cleartext multipeer data via an encrypted-to-unencrypted downgrade attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4543. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. EMC RSA Archer GRC 5.x before 5.5.3 uses cleartext for stored passwords in unspecified circumstances, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading database fields.
Query: SIEM correlation: command and control activity consistent with Domain Generation Algorithms
Matching passage: T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019) DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)
Near-miss passage: T1568.003 DNS Calculation. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) One implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)
Query: detect Detects process activity patterns as seen being used by Sliver C2 framework implants in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects process activity patterns as seen being used by Sliver C2 framework implants. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Sliver C2 Implant Activity Pattern id: 42333b2c-b425-441c-b70e-99404a17170f status: test description: Detects process activity patterns as seen being used by Sliver C2 framework implants references: - https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver/blob/79f2d48fcdfc2bee4713b78d431ea4b27f733f30/implant/sliver/shell/shell_windows.go#L36 - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/08/24/looking-for-the-sliver-lining-hunting-for-emerging-command-and-control-frameworks/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-25 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: -NoExit -Command [Console]::OutputEncoding=[Text.UTF8Encoding]::UTF8 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation" registry value. Where the it is set to "1" in order. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Hypervisor Enforced Paging Translation Disabled id: 7f2954d2-99c2-4d42-a065-ca36740f187b status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation" registry value. Where the it is set to "1" in order to disable the Hypervisor Enforced Paging Translation feature. ' references: - https://twitter.com/standa_t/status/1808868985678803222 - https://github.com/AaLl86/WindowsInternals/blob/070dc4f317726dfb6ffd2b7a7c121a33a8659b5e/Slides/Hypervisor-enforced%20Paging%20Translation%20-%20The%20end%20of%20non%20data-driven%20Kernel%20Exploits%20(Recon2024).pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-07-05 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \DisableHypervisorEnforcedPagingTranslation Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: incident response steps for Persistence mechanism resembling Linux and Mac Permissions
Matching passage: Playbook for T1222.002 Linux and Mac Permissions. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1222.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementatio
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1222.001 Windows Permissions. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4810
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4810. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u85 and 8u60 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Deployment.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0435. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.0, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, and 6.3.5 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Query: vulnerability: EMC RSA BSAFE Micro Edition Suite (MES) 4.0.x before 4.0.8 and 4.1.x before 4.1.3 and RSA BSAFE SSL-C 2.8.9 and earlier do not properly restrict TLS state transitions, which makes 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0535. CWE: CWE-327. CVSS: 7.5. EMC RSA BSAFE Micro Edition Suite (MES) 4.0.x before 4.0.8 and 4.1.x before 4.1.3 and RSA BSAFE SSL-C 2.8.9 and earlier do not properly restrict TLS state transitions, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cipher-downgrade attacks to EXPORT_RSA ciphers via crafted TLS traffic, related to the "FREAK" issue, a similar issue to CVE-2015-0204.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0533. CWE: CWE-327. CVSS: 7.5. EMC RSA BSAFE Micro Edition Suite (MES) 4.0.x before 4.0.8 and 4.1.x before 4.1.3 and RSA BSAFE SSL-C 2.8.9 and earlier allow remote SSL servers to conduct ECDHE-to-ECDH downgrade attacks and trigger a loss of forward secrecy by omitting the ServerKeyExchange message, a similar issue to CVE-2014-3572.
Query: exploit CoreText in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted text file,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3688. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreText in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted text file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3685, CVE-2015-3686, CVE-2015-3687, and CVE-2015-3689.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7673. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. io-tga.c in gdk-pixbuf before 2.32.0 uses heap memory after its allocation failed, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted Truevision TGA (TARGA) file.
Query: indicators of Hide Infrastructure
Matching passage: T1665 Hide Infrastructure. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may manipulate network traffic in order to hide and evade detection of their C2 infrastructure. This can be accomplished by identifying and filtering traffic from defensive tools,(Citation: TA571) masking malicious domains to obfuscate the true destination from both automated scanning tools and security researchers,(Citation: Schema-abuse)(Citation: Facad1ng)(Citation: Browser-updates) and otherwise hiding malicious artifacts to delay discovery and prolong the effectiveness of adversary infrastructure that could otherwise be identified, blocked, or taken down entirely. C2 networks may include the use of [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) or VPNs to disguise IP addresses, which can allow adversaries to blend in with normal network traffic and bypass conditional access policies or anti-abuse protections. For example, an adversary may use a virtual private cloud to spoof their IP address to closer align with a victim's IP address ranges. This may also bypass security measures relying on geolocation of the source IP address.(Citation: sysdig)(Citation: Orange Residential Proxies) Adversaries may also attempt to filter network traffic in order to evade defensive tools in numerous ways, including blocking/redirecting common incident responder or security appliance user agents.(Citation: mod_rewrite)(Citation: SocGholish-update) Filtering traffic based on IP and geo-fencing may also avoid automated sandboxing or researcher activity (i.e., [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497)).(Citation: TA571)(Citation: mod_rewrite) Hiding C2 infrastructure may also be supported by [Resource Development](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0042) activities such as [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) and [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584). For example, using widely trusted hosting services or domains such as prominent URL shortening providers or marketing ser
Near-miss passage: T1092 Communication Through Removable Media. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for DCSync
Matching passage: T1003.006 DCSync. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync. Members of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) DCSync functionality has been included in the "lsadump" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)
Near-miss passage: T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access. A number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques: * pwdumpx.exe * [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) * [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) * secretsdump.py Alternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg: * <code>reg save HKLM\sam sam</code> * <code>reg save HKLM\system system</code> Creddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7) Notes: * RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator. * RID 501 is the guest account. * User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.
Query: risk of The ObjectBackedNativeHandler class in extensions/renderer/object_backed_native_handler.cc in the extensions subsystem in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.80 improperly implements ha
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6788. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. The ObjectBackedNativeHandler class in extensions/renderer/object_backed_native_handler.cc in the extensions subsystem in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.80 improperly implements handler functions, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors that leverage "type confusion."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2662. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11.2 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to DHCP Server.