alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Exfiltration Over Physical Medium
Matching passage: T1052 Exfiltration Over Physical Medium. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data via a physical medium, such as a removable drive. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a physical medium or device introduced by a user. Such media could be an external hard drive, USB drive, cellular phone, MP3 player, or other removable storage and processing device. The physical medium or device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.
Near-miss passage: T1052.001 Exfiltration over USB. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.
Query: secure coding against Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
Matching passage: CWE-552 Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties. The product makes files or directories accessible to unauthorized actors, even though they should not be.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1060 Excessive Number of Inefficient Server-Side Data Accesses. The product performs too many data queries without using efficient data processing functionality such as stored procedures.
Query: common weakness: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection')
Matching passage: CWE-643 Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions ('XPath Injection'). The product uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
Near-miss passage: CWE-824 Access of Uninitialized Pointer. The product accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects a typical pattern of a CobaltStrike BOF which inject into other processes
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a typical pattern of a CobaltStrike BOF which inject into other processes. Logsource: windows / process_access. Rule: title: HackTool - CobaltStrike BOF Injection Pattern id: 09706624-b7f6-455d-9d02-adee024cee1d status: test description: Detects a typical pattern of a CobaltStrike BOF which inject into other processes references: - https://github.com/boku7/injectAmsiBypass - https://github.com/boku7/spawn author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-04 modified: 2023-11-28 tags: - attack.execution - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1106 - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_access product: windows detection: selection: CallTrace|re: ^C:\\Windows\\SYSTEM32\\ntdll\.dll\+[a-z0-9]{4,6}\|C:\\Windows\\System32\\KERNELBASE\.dll\+[a-z0-9]{4,6}\|UNKNOWN\([A-Z0-9]{16}\)$ GrantedAccess: - '0x1028' - '0x1fffff' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a login attempt in Google Workspace flagged as a potential attack by a government-backed threat actor. Logsource: gcp / google_workspace.login. Rule: title: Google Workspace Government Attack Warning id: eafe6f2b-cfec-4612-aec2-49563c33a087 status: experimental description: Detects a login attempt in Google Workspace flagged as a potential attack by a government-backed threat actor references: - https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/gsuite-audit-logging - https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/understanding-audit-logs - https://developers.google.com/workspace/admin/reports/v1/appendix/activity/login#gov_attack_warning author: Tom Kluter date: 2026-04-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.impact - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: product: gcp service: google_workspace.login detection: selection: protoPayload.serviceName: login.googleapis.com protoPayload.metadata.event.eventName: gov_attack_warning condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: write Sigma for Detects enumeration of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects enumeration of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Local System Accounts Discovery - Linux id: b45e3d6f-42c6-47d8-a478-df6bd6cf534c status: test description: Detects enumeration of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1087.001/T1087.001.md - https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K589 - https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pwd_mkdb author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community, CheraghiMilad date: 2020-10-08 modified: 2024-12-10 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_1: Image|endswith: /lastlog selection_2: CommandLine|contains: '''x:0:''' selection_3: Image|endswith: - /cat - /ed - /head - /more - /nano - /tail - /vi - /vim - /less - /emacs - /sqlite3 - /makemap CommandLine|contains: - /etc/passwd - /etc/shadow - /etc/sudoers - /etc/spwd.db - /etc/pwd.db - /etc/master.passwd selection_4: Image|endswith: /id selection_5: Image|endswith: /lsof CommandLine|contains: -u condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveragin. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Indirect Command Execution via SFTP ProxyCommand id: 762bb580-79b4-40f4-8b9e-9349ce1710f4 status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveraging this legitimate Windows binary to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary commands while evading detection. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Sftp/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2025/05/09/lumma-stealer-coming-and-going/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-04-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sftp.exe CommandLine|contains: ProxyCommand= condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of SFTP with proxy commands for administration or networking tasks level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_lolbin_sftp_indirect_cmd_execution/info.yml
Query: exploit buf_pullup in Tor before 0.2.4.26 and 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.11 does not properly handle unexpected arrival times of buffers with invalid layouts, which allows remote attackers to ca
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2688. CWE: CWE-755. CVSS: 7.5. buf_pullup in Tor before 0.2.4.26 and 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.11 does not properly handle unexpected arrival times of buffers with invalid layouts, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon exit) via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7803. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The phar_get_entry_data function in ext/phar/util.c in PHP before 5.5.30 and 5.6.x before 5.6.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a .phar file with a crafted TAR archive entry in which the Link indicator references a file that does not exist.
Query: exploit Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in upload.php in the Powerplay Gallery plugin 3.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5681. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in upload.php in the Powerplay Gallery plugin 3.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in *_uploadfolder/big/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0449. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.3.6.0, 12.1.1.0, and 12.1.2.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Console.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7090
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7090. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Apple QuickTime before 7.7.9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted movie file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7085, CVE-2015-7086, CVE-2015-7087, CVE-2015-7088, CVE-2015-7089, CVE-2015-7091, CVE-2015-7092, and CVE-2015-7117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7015. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in the DNS client library in configd in Apple iOS before 9.1, OS X before 10.11.1, and watchOS before 2.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted app that sends a spoofed configd response to a client.
Query: weakness Excessive Code Complexity
Matching passage: CWE-1120 Excessive Code Complexity. The code is too complex, as calculated using a well-defined, quantitative measure.
Near-miss passage: CWE-395 Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference. Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0563
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0563. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. epan/dissectors/packet-smtp.c in the SMTP dissector in Wireshark 1.10.x before 1.10.12 and 1.12.x before 1.12.3 uses an incorrect length value for certain string-append operations, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1483. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Symantec NetBackup OpsCenter 7.6.0.2 through 7.6.1 on Linux and UNIX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7658
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7658. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted actionInstanceOf arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7653, CVE-2015-7654, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, CVE-2015-8044, and CVE-2015-8046.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8424. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: rule covering Detects rundll32 execution without parameters as observed when running Metasploit windows/smb/psexec exploit module
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects rundll32 execution without parameters as observed when running Metasploit windows/smb/psexec exploit module. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Rundll32 Execution Without Parameters id: 5bb68627-3198-40ca-b458-49f973db8752 status: test description: Detects rundll32 execution without parameters as observed when running Metasploit windows/smb/psexec exploit module references: - https://bczyz1.github.io/2021/01/30/psexec.html author: Bartlomiej Czyz, Relativity date: 2021-01-31 modified: 2023-02-28 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 - attack.t1570 - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine: - rundll32.exe - rundll32 condition: selection falsepositives: - False positives may occur if a user called rundll32 from CLI with no options level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Code Integrity (CI) engine blocking Microsoft Defender's processes (MpCmdRun and NisSrv) from loading unsigned D. Logsource: windows / security-mitigations. Rule: title: Microsoft Defender Blocked from Loading Unsigned DLL id: 0b0ea3cc-99c8-4730-9c53-45deee2a4c86 status: test description: Detects Code Integrity (CI) engine blocking Microsoft Defender's processes (MpCmdRun and NisSrv) from loading unsigned DLLs which may be an attempt to sideload arbitrary DLL references: - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/living-off-windows-defender-lockbit-ransomware-sideloads-cobalt-strike-through-microsoft-security-tool author: Bhabesh Raj date: 2022-08-02 modified: 2022-09-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: product: windows service: security-mitigations detection: selection: EventID: - 11 - 12 ProcessPath|endswith: - \MpCmdRun.exe - \NisSrv.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit Open redirect vulnerability in goto.php in phpwind 8.7 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4134. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in goto.php in phpwind 8.7 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0461. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.5 and 11.1.1.7 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors related to Authentication Engine.
Query: detection rule: Detects a creation of systemd services which could be used by adversaries to execute malicious code.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a creation of systemd services which could be used by adversaries to execute malicious code.. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Systemd Service Creation id: 1bac86ba-41aa-4f62-9d6b-405eac99b485 status: test description: Detects a creation of systemd services which could be used by adversaries to execute malicious code. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1543.002/T1543.002.md author: Pawel Mazur date: 2022-02-03 modified: 2022-02-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1543.002 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: path: type: PATH nametype: CREATE name_1: name|startswith: - /usr/lib/systemd/system/ - /etc/systemd/system/ name_2: name|contains: /.config/systemd/user/ condition: path and 1 of name_* falsepositives: - Admin work like legit service installs. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a phishing attack which expands a ZIP file containing a malicious shortcut. If the victim expands the ZIP file v. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Potential RipZip Attack on Startup Folder id: a6976974-ea6f-4e97-818e-ea08625c52cb status: test description: 'Detects a phishing attack which expands a ZIP file containing a malicious shortcut. If the victim expands the ZIP file via the explorer process, then the explorer process expands the malicious ZIP file and drops a malicious shortcut redirected to a backdoor into the Startup folder. Additionally, the file name of the malicious shortcut in Startup folder contains {0AFACED1-E828-11D1-9187-B532F1E9575D} meaning the folder shortcut operation. ' references: - https://twitter.com/jonasLyk/status/1549338335243534336?t=CrmPocBGLbDyE4p6zTX1cg&s=19 author: Greg (rule) date: 2022-07-21 modified: 2023-01-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains|all: - \Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup - .lnk.{0AFACED1-E828-11D1-9187-B532F1E9575D} Image|endswith: \explorer.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of IOMobileFramebuffer in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information about kernel memory via a crafted app.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1097. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. IOMobileFramebuffer in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information about kernel memory via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3319. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Hotspot Express hotEx Billing Manager 73 does not include the HTTPOnly flag in a Set-Cookie header, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive information via script access to this cookie.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6294
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6294. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cisco IOS 15.2(3)E and earlier and IOS XE 3.6(2)E and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (functionality loss) via crafted Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) packets, aka Bug ID CSCuu25770.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3961. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 3.5. The web-server component in MNS before 4.5.6 on Belden GarrettCom Magnum 6K and Magnum 10K switches allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and reboot) via a crafted URL.
Query: rule covering Detects the presence of an LSASS dump file in the "CrashDumps" folder. This could be a sign of LSASS credential dumping.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of an LSASS dump file in the "CrashDumps" folder. This could be a sign of LSASS credential dumping.. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: LSASS Process Dump Artefact In CrashDumps Folder id: 6902955a-01b7-432c-b32a-6f5f81d8f625 status: test description: Detects the presence of an LSASS dump file in the "CrashDumps" folder. This could be a sign of LSASS credential dumping. Techniques such as the LSASS Shtinkering have been seen abusing the Windows Error Reporting to dump said process. references: - https://github.com/deepinstinct/Lsass-Shtinkering - https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2030/DEF%20CON%2030%20presentations/Asaf%20Gilboa%20-%20LSASS%20Shtinkering%20Abusing%20Windows%20Error%20Reporting%20to%20Dump%20LSASS.pdf author: '@pbssubhash' date: 2022-12-08 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\CrashDumps\ TargetFilename|contains: lsass.exe. TargetFilename|endswith: .dmp condition: selection falsepositives: - Rare legitimate dump of the process by the operating system due to a crash of lsass level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of "regsvr32.exe".. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Child Process Of Regsvr32 id: 6f0947a4-1c5e-4e0d-8ac7-53159b8f23ca related: - id: 8e2b24c9-4add-46a0-b4bb-0057b4e6187d type: obsolete status: test description: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of "regsvr32.exe". references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-april-2022/ - https://www.echotrail.io/insights/search/regsvr32.exe - https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/code-execution/t1117-regsvr32-aka-squiblydoo author: elhoim, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-05-05 modified: 2023-05-26 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.010 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \regsvr32.exe Image|endswith: - \calc.exe - \cscript.exe - \explorer.exe - \mshta.exe - \net.exe - \net1.exe - \nltest.exe - \notepad.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \reg.exe - \schtasks.exe - \werfault.exe - \wscript.exe filter_main_werfault: Image|endswith: \werfault.exe CommandLine|contains: ' -u -p ' condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unlikely, but can rarely occur. Apply additional filters accordingly. level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-7901
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7901. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 6.5. Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x through 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5690. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.5. The management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary commands by leveraging a "redirect."