alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: mitigate Mark-of-the-Web Bypass
Matching passage: T1553.005 Mark-of-the-Web Bypass. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named <code>Zone.Identifier</code> with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020) Files that are tagged with MOTW are protected and cannot perform certain actions. For example, starting in MS Office 10, if a MS Office file has the MOTW, it will open in Protected View. Executables tagged with the MOTW will be processed by Windows Defender SmartScreen that compares files with an allowlist of well-known executables. If the file is not known/trusted, SmartScreen will prevent the execution and warn the user not to run it.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)(Citation: Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020) Adversaries may abuse container files such as compressed/archive (.arj, .gzip) and/or disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW. Container files downloaded from the Internet will be marked with MOTW but the files within may not inherit the MOTW after the container files are extracted and/or mounted. MOTW is a NTFS feature and many container files do not support NTFS alternative data streams. After a container file is extracted and/or mounted, the files contained within them may be treated as local files on disk and run without protections.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Query: alert when Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query Request By QuickAssist.EXE id: 882e858a-3233-4ba8-855e-2f3d3575803d status: experimental description: 'Detects DNS queries initiated by "QuickAssist.exe" to Microsoft Quick Assist primary endpoint that is used to establish a session. ' references: - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/15/threat-actors-misusing-quick-assist-in-social-engineering-attacks-leading-to-ransomware/ - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ/ - https://x.com/cyb3rops/status/1862406110365245506 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/client-management/client-tools/quick-assist author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-12-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.initial-access - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1071.001 - attack.t1210 logsource: category: dns_query product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \QuickAssist.exe QueryName|endswith: remoteassistance.support.services.microsoft.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Quick Assist in the environment. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: There is an option for a MS VS Just-In-Time Debugger "vsjitdebugger.exe" to launch specified executable and attach a deb. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Malicious PE Execution by Microsoft Visual Studio Debugger id: 15c7904e-6ad1-4a45-9b46-5fb25df37fd2 status: test description: 'There is an option for a MS VS Just-In-Time Debugger "vsjitdebugger.exe" to launch specified executable and attach a debugger. This option may be used adversaries to execute malicious code by signed verified binary. The debugger is installed alongside with Microsoft Visual Studio package. ' references: - https://twitter.com/pabraeken/status/990758590020452353 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Vsjitdebugger/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/debug-using-the-just-in-time-debugger?view=vs-2019 author: Agro (@agro_sev), Ensar Şamil (@sblmsrsn), oscd.community date: 2020-10-14 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \vsjitdebugger.exe reduction1: Image|endswith: \vsimmersiveactivatehelper*.exe reduction2: Image|endswith: \devenv.exe condition: selection and not (reduction1 or reduction2) falsepositives: - The process spawned by vsjitdebugger.exe is uncommon. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Sites component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 7.6.2, 11.1.1.6.1, and 11.1.1.8.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unkn
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4799. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Sites component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 7.6.2, 11.1.1.6.1, and 11.1.1.8.0 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Security.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8647. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8634, CVE-2015-8635, CVE-2015-8638, CVE-2015-8639, CVE-2015-8640, CVE-2015-8641, CVE-2015-8642, CVE-2015-8643, CVE-2015-8646, CVE-2015-8648, CVE-2015-8649, and CVE-2015-8650.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8641
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8641. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8634, CVE-2015-8635, CVE-2015-8638, CVE-2015-8639, CVE-2015-8640, CVE-2015-8642, CVE-2015-8643, CVE-2015-8646, CVE-2015-8647, CVE-2015-8648, CVE-2015-8649, and CVE-2015-8650.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8423. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: Sigma YAML for cisco / aaa
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect a system being shutdown or put into different boot mode. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Denial of Service id: d94a35f0-7a29-45f6-90a0-80df6159967c status: test description: Detect a system being shutdown or put into different boot mode author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-15 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1495 - attack.t1529 - attack.t1565.001 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - shutdown - config-register 0x2100 - config-register 0x2142 condition: keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators may run these commands, though rarely. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious copy operation that tries to copy a program from system (System32, SysWOW64, WinSxS) directories to. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Copy From or To System Directory id: fff9d2b7-e11c-4a69-93d3-40ef66189767 related: - id: 855bc8b5-2ae8-402e-a9ed-b889e6df1900 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects a suspicious copy operation that tries to copy a program from system (System32, SysWOW64, WinSxS) directories to another on disk. Often used to move LOLBINs such as ''certutil'' or ''desktopimgdownldr'' to a different location with a different name in order to bypass detections based on locations. ' references: - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/8da5b75b6380a41eee3a399c43dfe0d99eeefaa1fd21027a07b1ecaa4cd96fdd?environmentId=120 - https://web.archive.org/web/20180331144337/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/sanny-malware-delivery-method-updated-in-recently-observed-attacks.html - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/08/28/html-smuggling-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Markus Neis, Tim Shelton (HAWK.IO), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-07-03 modified: 2026-03-16 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img_cmd: Image|endswith: \cmd.exe CommandLine|contains: 'copy ' selection_img_pwsh: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - copy-item - ' copy ' - 'cpi ' - ' cp ' selection_img_other: - Image|endswith: - \robocopy.exe - \xcopy.exe - OriginalFileName: - robocopy.exe - XCOPY.EXE selection_target: CommandLine|re|i: \s['"]?C:\\Windows\\(?:System32|SysWOW64|WinSxS) filter_optional_avira: Image|endswith: \cmd.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - /c copy - \Temp\ - \avira_system_speedup.exe CommandLine|contains: - C:\Program Files\Avira\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\Avira\ condition: 1 of selection_img_* and selection_target and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Depend on scripts and administrative tools used in the monitored environment (For example an admin scripts like https://www.itexperience.net/sccm-batch-files-and-32-bits-processes-on-64-bits-os/) - When cmd.exe and xcopy.exe are called directly - When the command contains the keywords but not in the correct order level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.40 and earlier and 5.6.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Re
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0382. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.40 and earlier and 5.6.21 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Replication, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0381.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3077. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.289 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.188 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.460 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 17.0.0.172, Adobe AIR SDK before 17.0.0.172, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 17.0.0.172 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3084 and CVE-2015-3086.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8966
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8966. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. arch/arm/kernel/sys_oabi-compat.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted (1) F_OFD_GETLK, (2) F_OFD_SETLK, or (3) F_OFD_SETLKW command in an fcntl64 system call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5252. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. vfs.c in smbd in Samba 3.x and 4.x before 4.1.22, 4.2.x before 4.2.7, and 4.3.x before 4.3.3, when share names with certain substring relationships exist, allows remote attackers to bypass intended file-access restrictions via a symlink that points outside of a share.
Query: Sigma YAML for okta / okta
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an the Administrator role is assigned to an user or group.. Logsource: okta / okta. Rule: title: Okta Admin Role Assigned to an User or Group id: 413d4a81-6c98-4479-9863-014785fd579c status: test description: Detects when an the Administrator role is assigned to an user or group. references: - https://developer.okta.com/docs/reference/api/system-log/ - https://developer.okta.com/docs/reference/api/event-types/ author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-12 modified: 2026-04-27 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098.003 logsource: product: okta service: okta detection: selection: eventType: - group.privilege.grant - user.account.privilege.grant condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator roles could be assigned to users or group by other admin users. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects various indicators of Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer execution. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: CMSTP Execution Registry Event id: b6d235fc-1d38-4b12-adbe-325f06728f37 status: stable description: Detects various indicators of Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer execution references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20190720093911/http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/ author: Nik Seetharaman date: 2018-07-16 modified: 2020-12-23 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.003 - attack.g0069 - car.2019-04-001 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: \cmmgr32.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate CMSTP use (unlikely in modern enterprise environments) level: high
Query: detect Detects AnyDesk Remote Desktop silent installation. Which can be used by attackers to gain remote access. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects AnyDesk Remote Desktop silent installation. Which can be used by attackers to gain remote access.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - AnyDesk Silent Installation id: 114e7f1c-f137-48c8-8f54-3088c24ce4b9 status: test description: Detects AnyDesk Remote Desktop silent installation. Which can be used by attackers to gain remote access. references: - https://twitter.com/TheDFIRReport/status/1423361119926816776?s=20 - https://support.anydesk.com/Automatic_Deployment author: Ján Trenčanský date: 2021-08-06 modified: 2023-03-05 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - --install - --start-with-win - --silent condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate deployment of AnyDesk level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects unauthorized access attempts to a resource.. Logsource: bitbucket / audit. Rule: title: Bitbucket Unauthorized Access To A Resource id: 7215374a-de4f-4b33-8ba5-70804c9251d3 status: test description: Detects unauthorized access attempts to a resource. references: - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver/audit-log-events-776640423.html author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-02-25 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1586 logsource: product: bitbucket service: audit definition: 'Requirements: "Advance" log level is required to receive these audit events.' detection: selection: auditType.category: Security auditType.action: Unauthorized access to a resource condition: selection falsepositives: - Access attempts to non-existent repositories or due to outdated plugins. Usually "Anonymous" user is reported in the "author.name" field in most cases. level: critical
Query: defense impairment using Disable or Modify System Firewall
Matching passage: T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gathered sufficient privileges, they can tamper with firewall services, policies, or rule sets to remove restrictions on inbound or outbound traffic. For example, this may include turning off firewall profiles, altering existing rules to permit previously blocked ports or protocols, or adding new rules that create covert communication paths (e.g., adding a new firewall rule for a well-known protocol (such as RDP) using a non-traditional and potentially less securitized port.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti) Adversaries may disable or modify firewalls using different behaviors, depending on the platform. For example, in ESXi, firewall rules may be modified directly via the esxcli (e.g., via esxcli network firewall set) or via the vCenter user interface.(Citation: Broadcom ESXi Firewall)(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1686.003 Windows Host Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows host firewall to bypass controls limiting network usage. This can include disabling the Windows host firewall entirely, suppressing specific profiles (domain, private, public), or adding, deleting, and modifying firewall rules to allow or restrict traffic.(Citation: Nearest Neighbor Volexity) Adversaries may perform these modifications through multiple mechanisms depending on the Windows operating system and access level. For example, adversaries may use command-line utilities (e.g., `netsh advfirewall` or PowerShell cmdlets like `Set-NetFirewallProfile`, `New-NetFirewallRule`), Windows Registry modifications (e.g., altering firewall states and rule configurations via registry keys), or the Windows Control Panel to modify firewall settings through the Windows Security interface. By disabling or modifying Windows firewall services, adversaries may enable access to remote services, open ports for command and control traffic, or configure rules for further actions.
Query: explain T1098 Account Manipulation
Matching passage: T1098 Account Manipulation. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves or modifies adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021) These actions could also include account activity designed to subvert security policies, such as performing iterative password updates to bypass password duration policies and preserve the life of compromised credentials. In order to create or manipulate accounts, the adversary must already have sufficient permissions on systems or the domain. However, account manipulation may also lead to privilege escalation where modifications grant access to additional roles, permissions, or higher-privileged [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).
Near-miss passage: T1098.007 Additional Local or Domain Groups. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: An adversary may add additional local or domain groups to an adversary-controlled account to maintain persistent access to a system or domain. On Windows, accounts may use the `net localgroup` and `net group` commands to add existing users to local and domain groups.(Citation: Microsoft Net Localgroup)(Citation: Microsoft Net Group) On Linux, adversaries may use the `usermod` command for the same purpose.(Citation: Linux Usermod) For example, accounts may be added to the local administrators group on Windows devices to maintain elevated privileges. They may also be added to the Remote Desktop Users group, which allows them to leverage [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) to log into the endpoints in the future.(Citation: Microsoft RDP Logons) Adversaries may also add accounts to VPN user groups to gain future persistence on the network.(Citation: Cyber Security News) On Linux, accounts may be added to the sudoers group, allowing them to persistently leverage [Sudo and Sudo Caching](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003) for elevated privileges. In Windows environments, machine accounts may also be added to domain groups. This allows the local SYSTEM account to gain privileges on the domain.(Citation: RootDSE AD Detection 2022)