alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: threat report mentioning Audio-Visual Content
Matching passage: T1683.002 Audio-Visual Content. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create or manipulate audio, image, and video content to support targeting and malicious operations. Adversaries may also use synthetic voice recordings, real-time altered audio or video during live interactions, fabricated profile photos and identity documents, or video content depicting fabricated or impersonated individuals.(Citation: Nov AI Threat Tracker) Content may be produced manually through editing tools, generated using AI-assisted tools, or produced using third-party synthetic services.(Citation: FBI 2025 AI Generate Content)(Citation: Europol Deepfakes) AI-assisted tools have enabled adversaries to produce synthetic media at scale and generate content that is more difficult to identify as inauthentic. Audio-visual content produced through these methods may be used in support of other techniques, such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1660), [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003), [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534), [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657), or [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585).
Near-miss passage: T1683 Generate Content. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create or generate content to support targeting and operations. This content may be used to establish personas, impersonate known individuals or organizations, and support [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), fraud, or influence activities. Written materials, audio, images, video, or other media may be developed and tailored to the target and objective.(Citation: IBM AI-Generated Content) Content development may occur prior to or during an operation. Adversaries may develop or generate content in-house, source it through third parties, or produce it using AI-assisted tools. Adversaries may use AI to research targets, develop pretexts, and better understand the organizations and individuals they intend to target or deceive prior to generating content (i.e., [Query Public AI Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1682)); for obtaining access to AI tools used in content generation, see [Artificial Intelligence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/007). Content may be leveraged in support of techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657), or [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585). Generated or developed content does not include malicious code or scripts (i.e., [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) and [Artificial Intelligence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/007)).
Query: detect Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and lo in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and lo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) Execution id: e76ca062-4de0-4d79-8d90-160a0d335eca status: experimental description: 'Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and load unsigned or malicious drivers into the Windows kernel. Potentially allowing for privilege escalation, persistence, or evasion of security controls. ' references: - https://github.com/h4rmy/KDU - https://huntress.com/blog/esxi-vm-escape-exploit author: Matt Anderson, Dray Agha, Anna Pham (Huntress) date: 2026-01-02 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1543.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \kdu.exe - \hamakaze.exe - OriginalFileName: hamakaze.exe selection_cli_suspicious: CommandLine|contains: - '-map ' - '-prv ' - '-dse ' - '-ps ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate driver development, testing, or administrative troubleshooting (e.g., enabling/disabling hardware) level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_pua_kdu_driver_tool/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects process handle on LSASS process with certain access mask and object type SAM_DOMAIN. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Password Dumper Activity on LSASS id: aa1697b7-d611-4f9a-9cb2-5125b4ccfd5c status: test description: Detects process handle on LSASS process with certain access mask and object type SAM_DOMAIN references: - https://twitter.com/jackcr/status/807385668833968128 author: sigma date: 2017-02-12 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4656 ProcessName|endswith: \lsass.exe AccessMask: '0x705' ObjectType: SAM_DOMAIN condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1276
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1276. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in content/browser/indexed_db/indexed_db_backing_store.cc in the IndexedDB implementation in Google Chrome before 44.0.2403.89 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging an abort action before a certain write operation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1220. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the GIFImageReader::parseData function in platform/image-decoders/gif/GIFImageReader.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted frame size in a GIF image.
Query: write Sigma for Detects potential execution of MeshAgent which is a tool used for remote access. Historical data shows that threat actor
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential execution of MeshAgent which is a tool used for remote access. Historical data shows that threat actor. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - Potential MeshAgent Execution - Windows id: 2fbbe9ff-0afc-470b-bdc0-592198339968 related: - id: 22c45af6-f590-4d44-bab3-b5b2d2a2b6d9 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects potential execution of MeshAgent which is a tool used for remote access. Historical data shows that threat actors rename MeshAgent binary to evade detection. Matching command lines with the ''--meshServiceName'' argument can indicate that the MeshAgent is being used for remote access. ' references: - https://www.huntress.com/blog/know-thy-enemy-a-novel-november-case-on-persistent-remote-access - https://thecyberexpress.com/ukraine-hit-by-meshagent-malware-campaign/ - https://wazuh.com/blog/how-to-detect-meshagent-with-wazuh/ - https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/medusa-ransomware-attacks author: Norbert Jaśniewicz (AlphaSOC) date: 2025-05-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: --meshServiceName condition: selection falsepositives: - Environments that legitimately use MeshAgent level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious file writes to the root directory of web applications, particularly Apache web servers or Tomcat serv. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Suspicious File Write to Webapps Root Directory id: 89c42960-f244-4dad-9151-ae9b1a3287a2 status: experimental description: 'Detects suspicious file writes to the root directory of web applications, particularly Apache web servers or Tomcat servers. This may indicate an attempt to deploy malicious files such as web shells or other unauthorized scripts. ' references: - https://labs.watchtowr.com/guess-who-would-be-stupid-enough-to-rob-the-same-vault-twice-pre-auth-rce-chains-in-commvault/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-10-20 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.003 - attack.initial-access - attack.t1190 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection_susp_img: Image|endswith: - \dotnet.exe - \w3wp.exe - \java.exe selection_servers: TargetFilename|contains: - \apache - \tomcat selection_path: TargetFilename|contains: \webapps\ROOT\ selection_susp_extensions: TargetFilename|endswith: .jsp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: threat report mentioning Email Collection
Matching passage: T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: CISA AA20-352A 2021) Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients.
Near-miss passage: T1114.003 Email Forwarding Rule. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules) Any user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) In some environments, administrators may be able to enable email forwarding rules that operate organization-wide rather than on individual inboxes. For example, Microsoft Exchange supports transport rules that evaluate all mail an organization receives against user-specified conditions, then performs a user-specified action on mail that adheres to those conditions.(Citation: Microsof
Query: what is T1580
Matching passage: T1580 Cloud Infrastructure Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may attempt to discover infrastructure and resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services. Cloud providers offer methods such as APIs and commands issued through CLIs to serve information about infrastructure. For example, AWS provides a <code>DescribeInstances</code> API within the Amazon EC2 API that can return information about one or more instances within an account, the <code>ListBuckets</code> API that returns a list of all buckets owned by the authenticated sender of the request, the <code>HeadBucket</code> API to determine a bucket’s existence along with access permissions of the request sender, or the <code>GetPublicAccessBlock</code> API to retrieve access block configuration for a bucket.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Amazon Describe Instances API)(Citation: AWS Get Public Access Block)(Citation: AWS Head Bucket) Similarly, GCP's Cloud SDK CLI provides the <code>gcloud compute instances list</code> command to list all Google Compute Engine instances in a project (Citation: Google Compute Instances), and Azure's CLI command <code>az vm list</code> lists details of virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI) In addition to API commands, adversaries can utilize open source tools to discover cloud storage infrastructure through [Wordlist Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003).(Citation: Malwarebytes OSINT Leaky Buckets - Hioureas) An adversary may enumerate resources using a compromised user's access keys to determine which are available to that user.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS) The discovery of these available resources may help adversaries determine their next steps in the Cloud environment, such as establishing Persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)An adversary may also use this informa
Near-miss passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Query: vulnerability: Huawei LogCenter V100R001C10 could allow an authenticated attacker to tamper with requests using a tool and submit a request to the server for privilege escalation, affecting some 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8671. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Huawei LogCenter V100R001C10 could allow an authenticated attacker to tamper with requests using a tool and submit a request to the server for privilege escalation, affecting some system functions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1739. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Query: playbook for alert: Multiple failed authentications followed by Network Device Firewall
Matching passage: Playbook for T1686.002 Network Device Firewall. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1686.002. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: defense impairment. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may disable network device-based firewall mechanisms entirely or add, delete, or modify particular rules in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Adversaries may obtain access to devices such as routers, switches, or other perimeter/network devices and change access control lists (ACLs), security zones, or policy rules to permit otherwise blocked traffic. For example, advers
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall. Different response path focused on defense impairment.
Query: exploit Logon Manager in SAS Web Infrastructure Platform before 9.4M3 allows reflected XSS on the Timeout page.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9281. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Logon Manager in SAS Web Infrastructure Platform before 9.4M3 allows reflected XSS on the Timeout page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5489. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Smart Trim module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving the field settings form.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2666
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2666. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Stack-based buffer overflow in the get_matching_model_microcode function in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/intel_early.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 allows context-dependent attackers to gain privileges by constructing a crafted microcode header and leveraging root privileges for write access to the initrd.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1098. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. iWork in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted iWork file.
Query: detect Detects the mount of an ISO image on an endpoint in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the mount of an ISO image on an endpoint. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: ISO Image Mounted id: 0248a7bc-8a9a-4cd8-a57e-3ae8e073a073 status: test description: Detects the mount of an ISO image on an endpoint references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/hk-en/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/malicious-spam-campaign-uses-iso-image-files-to-deliver-lokibot-and-nanocore - https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/threat-actor-profile-ta2719-uses-colorful-lures-deliver-rats-local-languages - https://twitter.com/MsftSecIntel/status/1257324139515269121 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/0f229c0e42bfe7ca736a14023836d65baa941ed2/atomics/T1553.005/T1553.005.md#atomic-test-1---mount-iso-image author: Syed Hasan (@syedhasan009) date: 2021-05-29 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1566.001 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The advanced audit policy setting "Object Access > Audit Removable Storage" must be configured for Success/Failure detection: selection: EventID: 4663 ObjectServer: Security ObjectType: File ObjectName|startswith: \Device\CdRom filter_main_generic: ObjectName: - \Device\CdRom0\autorun.ico - \Device\CdRom0\setup.exe - \Device\CdRom0\setup64.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Software installation ISO files level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a suspicious call to the user32.dll function that locks the user workstation. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Workstation Locking via Rundll32 id: 3b5b0213-0460-4e3f-8937-3abf98ff7dcc status: test description: Detects a suspicious call to the user32.dll function that locks the user workstation references: - https://app.any.run/tasks/2aef9c63-f944-4763-b3ef-81eee209d128/ author: frack113 date: 2022-06-04 modified: 2023-02-09 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_call_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE selection_call_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \cmd.exe selection_call_cli: CommandLine|contains: user32.dll, selection_function: CommandLine|contains: LockWorkStation condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Scripts or links on the user desktop used to lock the workstation instead of Windows+L or the menu option level: medium
Query: vulnerability: buf_pullup in Tor before 0.2.4.26 and 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.11 does not properly handle unexpected arrival times of buffers with invalid layouts, which allows remote attackers to ca
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2688. CWE: CWE-755. CVSS: 7.5. buf_pullup in Tor before 0.2.4.26 and 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.11 does not properly handle unexpected arrival times of buffers with invalid layouts, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon exit) via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7803. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The phar_get_entry_data function in ext/phar/util.c in PHP before 5.5.30 and 5.6.x before 5.6.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a .phar file with a crafted TAR archive entry in which the Link indicator references a file that does not exist.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5661
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5661. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The SAND STUDIO AirDroid application 1.1.0 and earlier for Android mishandles implicit intents, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6632. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, and consequently bypass an unspecified protection mechanism, via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bug 24346430.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1762
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1762. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SP3 and SP4, 2008 R2 SP2 and SP3, 2012 SP1 and SP2, and 2014, when transactional replication is configured, does not prevent use of uninitialized memory in unspecified function calls, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by leveraging certain permissions and making a crafted query, as demonstrated by the VIEW SERVER STATE permission, aka "SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5841. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 5.0. The CFNetwork Proxies component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly handle a Set-Cookie header within a response to an HTTP CONNECT request, which allows remote proxy servers to conduct cookie-injection attacks via a crafted response.
Query: vulnerability: The Add-on SDK in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 misinterprets a "script: false" panel setting, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attack
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7187. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Add-on SDK in Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 misinterprets a "script: false" panel setting, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via inline JavaScript code that is executed within a third-party extension.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1274. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Google Chrome before 44.0.2403.89 does not ensure that the auto-open list omits all dangerous file types, which makes it easier for remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by providing a crafted file and leveraging a user's previous "Always open files of this type" choice, related to download_commands.cc and download_prefs.cc.