alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.40 and earlier and 5.6.21 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0374. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.40 and earlier and 5.6.21 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Server : Security : Privileges : Foreign Key.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6709. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The CBBBRInvite method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Query: CWE for Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection
Matching passage: CWE-1233 Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection. The product uses a register lock bit protection mechanism, but it does not ensure that the lock bit prevents modification of system registers or controls that perform changes to important hardware system configuration.
Near-miss passage: CWE-181 Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter. The product validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the product from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6541
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6541. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Mail interface in Zimbra Collaboration Server (ZCS) before 8.5 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that change account preferences via a SOAP request to service/soap/BatchRequest.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3355. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Batch Jobs module before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of certain users for requests that (1) delete a batch job record or (2) execute a task via unspecified vectors.
Query: rule covering Detects usage of "MSOHTMED" to download arbitrary files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of "MSOHTMED" to download arbitrary files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Arbitrary File Download Via MSOHTMED.EXE id: 459f2f98-397b-4a4a-9f47-6a5ec2f1c69d status: test description: Detects usage of "MSOHTMED" to download arbitrary files references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/238/files author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-19 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \MSOHTMED.exe - OriginalFileName: MsoHtmEd.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ftp:// - http:// - https:// condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "gpg.exe" from uncommon location. Often used by ransomware and loaders to decrypt/encrypt data.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Portable Gpg.EXE Execution id: 77df53a5-1d78-4f32-bc5a-0e7465bd8f41 status: test description: Detects the execution of "gpg.exe" from uncommon location. Often used by ransomware and loaders to decrypt/encrypt data. references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/vn/threat-encyclopedia/malware/ransom.bat.zarlock.a - https://securelist.com/locked-out/68960/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/c4097dc7ed14d7f7d08c89d148c4307097e8c294/atomics/T1486/T1486.md author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-06 modified: 2023-11-10 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1486 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: - \gpg.exe - \gpg2.exe - OriginalFileName: gpg.exe - Description: GnuPG’s OpenPGP tool filter_main_legit_location: Image|contains: - :\Program Files (x86)\GNU\GnuPG\bin\ - :\Program Files (x86)\GnuPG VS-Desktop\ - :\Program Files (x86)\GnuPG\bin\ - :\Program Files (x86)\Gpg4win\bin\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* level: medium
Query: CWE for Active Debug Code
Matching passage: CWE-489 Active Debug Code. The product is released with debugging code still enabled or active.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1240 Use of a Cryptographic Primitive with a Risky Implementation. To fulfill the need for a cryptographic primitive, the product implements a cryptographic algorithm using a non-standard, unproven, or disallowed/non-compliant cryptographic implementation.
Query: telemetry for T1686.003
Matching passage: T1686.003 Windows Host Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows host firewall to bypass controls limiting network usage. This can include disabling the Windows host firewall entirely, suppressing specific profiles (domain, private, public), or adding, deleting, and modifying firewall rules to allow or restrict traffic.(Citation: Nearest Neighbor Volexity) Adversaries may perform these modifications through multiple mechanisms depending on the Windows operating system and access level. For example, adversaries may use command-line utilities (e.g., `netsh advfirewall` or PowerShell cmdlets like `Set-NetFirewallProfile`, `New-NetFirewallRule`), Windows Registry modifications (e.g., altering firewall states and rule configurations via registry keys), or the Windows Control Panel to modify firewall settings through the Windows Security interface. By disabling or modifying Windows firewall services, adversaries may enable access to remote services, open ports for command and control traffic, or configure rules for further actions.
Near-miss passage: T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gathered sufficient privileges, they can tamper with firewall services, policies, or rule sets to remove restrictions on inbound or outbound traffic. For example, this may include turning off firewall profiles, altering existing rules to permit previously blocked ports or protocols, or adding new rules that create covert communication paths (e.g., adding a new firewall rule for a well-known protocol (such as RDP) using a non-traditional and potentially less securitized port.(Citation: change_rdp_port_conti) Adversaries may disable or modify firewalls using different behaviors, depending on the platform. For example, in ESXi, firewall rules may be modified directly via the esxcli (e.g., via esxcli network firewall set) or via the vCenter user interface.(Citation: Broadcom ESXi Firewall)(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024)
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in the administrative backend in Piwigo before 2.7.4 allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the user parameter in the histor
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2035. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the administrative backend in Piwigo before 2.7.4 allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the user parameter in the history page to admin.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1441. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Piwigo before 2.5.6, 2.6.x before 2.6.5, and 2.7.x before 2.7.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: threat report mentioning CDNs
Matching passage: T1596.004 CDNs. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region. Adversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization’s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location. Adversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5164
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5164. CWE: CWE-502. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Qpid server on Red Hat Satellite 6 does not properly restrict message types, which allows remote authenticated users with administrative access on a managed content host to execute arbitrary code via a crafted message, related to a pickle processing problem in pulp.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8103. CWE: CWE-502. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. The Jenkins CLI subsystem in Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized Java object, related to a problematic webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/lib/commons-collections-*.jar file and the "Groovy variant in 'ysoserial'".
Query: telemetry for T1565.003
Matching passage: T1565.003 Runtime Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. Adversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Near-miss passage: T1565 Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
Query: weakness Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Matching passage: CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity. The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
Near-miss passage: CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection'). The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8603
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8603. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Serendipity before 2.0.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the serendipity[entry_id] parameter in an "edit" admin action to serendipity_admin.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0882. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in zencart-ja (aka Zen Cart Japanese edition) 1.3 jp through 1.3.0.2 jp8 and 1.5 ja through 1.5.1 ja allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted parameter, related to admin/includes/init_includes/init_sanitize.php and includes/init_includes/init_sanitize.php.
Query: exploit Huawei NE20E-S, NE40E-M, and NE40E-M2 routers with software before V800R007C10SPC100 and NE40E and NE80E routers with software before V800R007C00SPC100 allows remote attackers to s
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8087. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Huawei NE20E-S, NE40E-M, and NE40E-M2 routers with software before V800R007C10SPC100 and NE40E and NE80E routers with software before V800R007C00SPC100 allows remote attackers to send packets to other VPNs and conduct flooding attacks via a crafted MPLS forwarding packet, aka a "VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) hopping vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4226. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. The packet-storing feature on Cisco 9900 phones with firmware 9.3(2) does not properly support the RTP protocol, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device hang) by sending malformed RTP packets after a call is answered, aka Bug ID CSCur39976.
Query: detection rule: Detects the execution of certutil with certain flags that allow the utility to download files from direct IPs.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of certutil with certain flags that allow the utility to download files from direct IPs.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious File Downloaded From Direct IP Via Certutil.EXE id: 13e6fe51-d478-4c7e-b0f2-6da9b400a829 related: - id: 19b08b1c-861d-4e75-a1ef-ea0c1baf202b type: similar - id: 42a5f1e7-9603-4f6d-97ae-3f37d130d794 type: similar status: test description: Detects the execution of certutil with certain flags that allow the utility to download files from direct IPs. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil - https://forensicitguy.github.io/agenttesla-vba-certutil-download/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/04/13/compromised-exchange-server-hosting-cryptojacker-targeting-other-exchange-servers/ - https://twitter.com/egre55/status/1087685529016193025 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Certutil/ - https://twitter.com/_JohnHammond/status/1708910264261980634 - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/08/23/certutil-one-more-gui-lolbin author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-15 modified: 2025-12-01 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \certutil.exe - OriginalFileName: CertUtil.exe selection_flags: CommandLine|contains: - 'urlcache ' - 'verifyctl ' - 'URL ' selection_http: CommandLine|contains: - ://1 - ://2 - ://3 - ://4 - ://5 - ://6 - ://7 - ://8 - ://9 filter_main_seven_zip: CommandLine|contains: ://7- condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_download_direct_ip/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies the deletion of Azure Kubernetes Pods.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Kubernetes Pods Deleted id: b02f9591-12c3-4965-986a-88028629b2e1 status: test description: Identifies the deletion of Azure Kubernetes Pods. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations#microsoftkubernetes - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/blob/065bf48a9987cd8bd826c098a30ce36e6868ee46/rules/integrations/azure/impact_kubernetes_pod_deleted.toml author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-07-24 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/PODS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - Pods may be deleted by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Pods deletions from unfamiliar users or hosts should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: common weakness: Incorrect Bitwise Shift of Integer
Matching passage: CWE-1335 Incorrect Bitwise Shift of Integer. An integer value is specified to be shifted by a negative amount or an amount greater than or equal to the number of bits contained in the value causing an unexpected or indeterminate result.
Near-miss passage: CWE-612 Improper Authorization of Index Containing Sensitive Information. The product creates a search index of private or sensitive documents, but it does not properly limit index access to actors who are authorized to see the original information.
Query: how to detect Time Based Checks
Matching passage: T1497.003 Time Based Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. Adversaries may use calls like `GetTickCount` and `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime` to discover if they are operating within a virtual machine or sandbox, or may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1497.001 System Checks. Tactics: stealth, discovery. Description: Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness) Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047), [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082), and [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) to obtain system information and search for VME artifacts. Adversaries may search for VME artifacts in memory, processes, file system, hardware, and/or the Registry. Adversaries may use scripting to automate these checks into one script and then have the program exit if it determines the system to be a virtual environment. Checks could include generic system properties such as host/domain name and samples of network traffic. Adversaries may also check the network adapters addresses, CPU core count, and available memory/drive size. Once executed, malware may also use [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) to check if it was saved in a folder or file with unexpected or even analysis-related naming artifacts such as `malware`, `sample`, or `hash`. Other common checks may enumerate services running that are unique to these applications, installed programs on the