alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: write Sigma for Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION - PowerShell id: 20e5497e-331c-4cd5-8d36-935f6e2a9a07 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_4104: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii ScriptBlockText|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader ScriptBlockText|endswith: readtoend condition: selection_4104 falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation or patching of potential malicious RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Kubernetes RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding Modified and Deleted id: 25cb259b-bbdc-4b87-98b7-90d7c72f8743 status: test description: Detects the creation or patching of potential malicious RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations#microsoftkubernetes - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/23/secure-containerized-environments-with-updated-threat-matrix-for-kubernetes/ - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/ - https://medium.com/mitre-engenuity/att-ck-for-containers-now-available-4c2359654bf1 author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-07 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.credential-access - attack.t1485 - attack.t1496 - attack.t1489 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/RBAC.AUTHORIZATION.K8S.IO/CLUSTERROLEBINDINGS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/RBAC.AUTHORIZATION.K8S.IO/CLUSTERROLEBINDINGS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/RBAC.AUTHORIZATION.K8S.IO/ROLEBINDINGS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/RBAC.AUTHORIZATION.K8S.IO/ROLEBINDINGS/DELETE condition: selection falsepositives: - RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding being modified and deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding modification from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: what is T1597
Matching passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Query: common weakness: J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length
Matching passage: CWE-6 J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length. The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.
Near-miss passage: CWE-474 Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations. The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions.
Query: detect Detects a potentially suspicious powershell script executions from temporary folder in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a potentially suspicious powershell script executions from temporary folder. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Powershell Script Execution From Temp Folder id: a6a39bdb-935c-4f0a-ab77-35f4bbf44d33 status: test description: Detects a potentially suspicious powershell script executions from temporary folder references: - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/07/13/microsoft-discovers-threat-actor-targeting-solarwinds-serv-u-software-with-0-day-exploit/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems), Tim Shelton date: 2021-07-14 modified: 2026-02-17 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - \Windows\Temp - \Temporary Internet - \AppData\Local\Temp - \AppData\Roaming\Temp - '%TEMP%' - '%TMP%' - '%LocalAppData%\Temp' filter_optional_vscode: CommandLine|contains: -WindowStyle hidden -Verb runAs filter_optional_amazon_ec2: CommandLine|contains: \Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Temp\Amazon\EC2-Windows\ filter_optional_generic: CommandLine|contains: - ' >' - Out-File - ConvertTo-Json filter_optional_chocolatey_installer: ParentImage: - C:\Windows\System32\Msiexec.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\Msiexec.exe Image|endswith: \powershell.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command - AppData\Local\Temp\ - Install-Chocolatey.ps1 condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Administrative scripts level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potentially suspicious file downloads directly from IP addresses using Wget.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious File Download From IP Via Wget.EXE id: 17f0c0a8-8bd5-4ee0-8c5f-a342c0199f35 status: test description: Detects potentially suspicious file downloads directly from IP addresses using Wget.exe references: - https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/wget.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-27 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wget.exe - OriginalFileName: wget.exe selection_ip: CommandLine|re: ://[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3} selection_http: CommandLine|contains: http selection_flag: - CommandLine|re: \s-O\s - CommandLine|contains: --output-document selection_ext: CommandLine|endswith: - .ps1 - .ps1' - .ps1" - .dat - .dat' - .dat" - .msi - .msi' - .msi" - .bat - .bat' - .bat" - .exe - .exe' - .exe" - .vbs - .vbs' - .vbs" - .vbe - .vbe' - .vbe" - .hta - .hta' - .hta" - .dll - .dll' - .dll" - .psm1 - .psm1' - .psm1" condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit Directory traversal vulnerability in Seeds acmailer before 3.8.18 and 3.9.x before 3.9.12 Beta allows remote authenticated users to delete arbitrary files via a crafted string.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2971. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in Seeds acmailer before 3.8.18 and 3.9.x before 3.9.12 Beta allows remote authenticated users to delete arbitrary files via a crafted string.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5688. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in lib/app/index.js in Geddy before 13.0.8 for Node.js allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ..%2f (dot dot encoded slash) in the PATH_INFO to the default URI.
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous befo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5089. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8450, CVE-2015-4449, CVE-2015-4450, CVE-2015-5088, and CVE-2015-5092.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1165. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. RT (aka Request Tracker) 3.8.8 through 4.x before 4.0.23 and 4.2.x before 4.2.10 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive RSS feed URLs and ticket data via unspecified vectors.
Query: Suspicious Hide Infrastructure execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1665 Hide Infrastructure. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may manipulate network traffic in order to hide and evade detection of their C2 infrastructure. This can be accomplished by identifying and filtering traffic from defensive tools,(Citation: TA571) masking malicious domains to obfuscate the true destination from both automated scanning tools and security researchers,(Citation: Schema-abuse)(Citation: Facad1ng)(Citation: Browser-updates) and otherwise hiding malicious artifacts to delay discovery and prolong the effectiveness of adversary infrastructure that could otherwise be identified, blocked, or taken down entirely. C2 networks may include the use of [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) or VPNs to disguise IP addresses, which can allow adversaries to blend in with normal network traffic and bypass conditional access policies or anti-abuse protections. For example, an adversary may use a virtual private cloud to spoof their IP address to closer align with a victim's IP address ranges. This may also bypass security measures relying on geolocation of the source IP address.(Citation: sysdig)(Citation: Orange Residential Proxies) Adversaries may also attempt to filter network traffic in order to evade defensive tools in numerous ways, including blocking/redirecting common incident responder or security appliance user agents.(Citation: mod_rewrite)(Citation: SocGholish-update) Filtering traffic based on IP and geo-fencing may also avoid automated sandboxing or researcher activity (i.e., [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497)).(Citation: TA571)(Citation: mod_rewrite) Hiding C2 infrastructure may also be supported by [Resource Development](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0042) activities such as [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) and [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584). For example, using widely trusted hosting services or domains such as prominent URL shortening providers or marketing ser
Near-miss passage: T1001.002 Steganography. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control.
Query: adversary uses Junk Code Insertion
Matching passage: T1027.016 Junk Code Insertion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use junk code / dead code to obfuscate a malware’s functionality. Junk code is code that either does not execute, or if it does execute, does not change the functionality of the code. Junk code makes analysis more difficult and time-consuming, as the analyst steps through non-functional code instead of analyzing the main code. It also may hinder detections that rely on static code analysis due to the use of benign functionality, especially when combined with [Compression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015) or [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002).(Citation: ReasonLabs)(Citation: ReasonLabs Cyberpedia Junk Code) No-Operation (NOP) instructions are an example of dead code commonly used in x86 assembly language. They are commonly used as the 0x90 opcode. When NOPs are added to malware, the disassembler may show the NOP instructions, leading to the analyst needing to step through them.(Citation: ReasonLabs) The use of junk / dead code insertion is distinct from [Binary Padding](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001) because the purpose is to obfuscate the functionality of the code, rather than simply to change the malware’s signature.
Near-miss passage: T1027.005 Indicator Removal from Tools. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar systems. A good example of this is when malware is detected with a file signature and quarantined by anti-virus software. An adversary who can determine that the malware was quarantined because of its file signature may modify the file to explicitly avoid that signature, and then re-use the malware.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Office Test
Matching passage: T1137.002 Office Test. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office "Office Test" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy) There exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature, such as: * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Office test\Special\Perf</code> Adversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.
Near-miss passage: T1137.006 Add-ins. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft Office Add-ins) There are different types of add-ins that can be used by the various Office products; including Word/Excel add-in Libraries (WLL/XLL), VBA add-ins, Office Component Object Model (COM) add-ins, automation add-ins, VBA Editor (VBE), Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) add-ins, and Outlook add-ins. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)(Citation: FireEye Mail CDS 2018) Add-ins can be used to obtain persistence because they can be set to execute code when an Office application starts.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4625
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4625. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Integer overflow in the authentication_agent_new_cookie function in PolicyKit (aka polkit) before 0.113 allows local users to gain privileges by creating a large number of connections, which triggers the issuance of a duplicate cookie value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3223. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The ldb_wildcard_compare function in ldb_match.c in ldb before 1.1.24, as used in the AD LDAP server in Samba 4.x before 4.1.22, 4.2.x before 4.2.7, and 4.3.x before 4.3.3, mishandles certain zero values, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via crafted packets.
Query: alert when Download or Copy file with Extrac32
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Download or Copy file with Extrac32. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Extrac32 Execution id: aa8e035d-7be4-48d3-a944-102aec04400d status: test description: Download or Copy file with Extrac32 references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Extrac32/ author: frack113 date: 2021-11-26 modified: 2022-08-13 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_lolbas: - CommandLine|contains: extrac32.exe - Image|endswith: \extrac32.exe - OriginalFileName: extrac32.exe selection_archive: CommandLine|contains: .cab selection_options: CommandLine|contains: - /C - /Y - ' \\\\' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the Get-ADUser cmdlet to collect user information and output it to a file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: User Discovery And Export Via Get-ADUser Cmdlet id: 1114e048-b69c-4f41-bc20-657245ae6e3f related: - id: c2993223-6da8-4b1a-88ee-668b8bf315e9 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of the Get-ADUser cmdlet to collect user information and output it to a file references: - http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/09/lazarus-three-rats.html - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/10/18/defenders-beware-a-case-for-post-ransomware-investigations/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-09 modified: 2022-11-17 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - OriginalFileName: - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'Get-ADUser ' - ' -Filter \*' CommandLine|contains: - ' > ' - ' | Select ' - Out-File - Set-Content - Add-Content condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate admin scripts may use the same technique, it's better to exclude specific computers or users who execute these commands or scripts often level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2428
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2428. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Object Manager in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly constrain impersonation levels during interaction with object symbolic links that originated in a sandboxed process, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Object Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0801. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. Mozilla Firefox before 37.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.6, and Thunderbird before 31.6 allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and execute arbitrary JavaScript code with chrome privileges via vectors involving anchor navigation, a similar issue to CVE-2015-0818.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2466
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2466. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Office 2007 SP3, 2010 SP2, 2013 SP1, and 2013 RT SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted template, aka "Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3234. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The OpenID module in Drupal 6.x before 6.36 and 7.x before 7.38 allows remote attackers to log into other users' accounts by leveraging an OpenID identity from certain providers, as demonstrated by the Verisign, LiveJournal, and StackExchange providers.
Query: resource development using Web Services
Matching passage: T1583.006 Web Services. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may register for web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)), [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567), or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Using common services, such as those offered by Google, GitHub, or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise.(Citation: FireEye APT29)(Citation: Hacker News GitHub Abuse 2024) By utilizing a web service, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.
Near-miss passage: T1583.003 Virtual Private Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of cloud infrastructure can also make it easier for adversaries to rapidly provision, modify, and shut down their infrastructure. Acquiring a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers. Adversaries may also acquire infrastructure from VPS service providers that are known for renting VPSs with minimal registration information, allowing for more anonymous acquisitions of infrastructure.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease)
Query: exploit bsdtar in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via an ISO with a directory that is a member of itself.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8930. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. bsdtar in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via an ISO with a directory that is a member of itself.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7094. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. CFNetwork HTTPProtocol in Apple iOS before 9.2 and OS X before 10.11.2 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to bypass the HSTS protection mechanism via a crafted URL.