alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, int
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2640. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Data Store component in Oracle Berkeley DB 11.2.5.1.29, 11.2.5.2.42, 11.2.5.3.28, and 12.1.6.0.35 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2583, CVE-2015-2624, CVE-2015-2626, CVE-2015-2654, CVE-2015-2656, CVE-2015-4754, CVE-2015-4764, CVE-2015-4775, CVE-2015-4776, CVE-2015-4777, CVE-2015-4778, CVE-2015-4780, CVE-2015-4781, CVE-2015-4782, CVE-2015-4783, CVE-2015-4784, CVE-2015-4785, CVE-2015-4786, CVE-2015-4787, CVE-2015-4789, and CVE-2015-4790.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8049. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the TextField object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted autoSize property value, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: risk of drivers/xen/usbback/usbback.c in linux-2.6.18-xen-3.4.0 (aka the Xen 3.4.x support patches for the Linux kernel 2.6.18), as used in the Linux kernel 2.6.x and 3.x in SUSE Linux dis
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0777. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. drivers/xen/usbback/usbback.c in linux-2.6.18-xen-3.4.0 (aka the Xen 3.4.x support patches for the Linux kernel 2.6.18), as used in the Linux kernel 2.6.x and 3.x in SUSE Linux distributions, allows guest OS users to obtain sensitive information from uninitialized locations in host OS kernel memory via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5340. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Moodle through 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.11, 2.8.x before 2.8.9, and 2.9.x before 2.9.3 does not consider the moodle/badges:viewbadges capability, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive badge information via a request involving (1) badges/overview.php or (2) badges/view.php.
Query: vulnerability: Cisco IOS XE before 2.2.3 on ASR 1000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted IPv4 UDP packet, aka Bug ID CSC
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6268. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE before 2.2.3 on ASR 1000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted IPv4 UDP packet, aka Bug ID CSCsw95482.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8230. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.5. Memory leak in Huawei eSpace 8950 IP phones with software before V200R003C00SPC300 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and restart) via a large number of crafted ARP packets.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6823
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6823. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. The allocate_buffers function in libavcodec/alac.c in FFmpeg before 2.7.2 does not initialize certain context data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation violation) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC) data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1157. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. CoreText in Apple iOS 8.x through 8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (reboot and messaging disruption) via crafted Unicode text that is not properly handled during display truncation in the Notifications feature, as demonstrated by Arabic characters in (1) an SMS message or (2) a WhatsApp message.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Accordion module for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HT
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4365. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Taxonomy Accordion module for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to taxonomy terms.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6515. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Splunk Web in Splunk Enterprise 6.2.x before 6.2.4, 6.1.x before 6.1.8, 6.0.x before 6.0.9, and 5.0.x before 5.0.13 and Splunk Light 6.2.x before 6.2.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a header.
Query: rule covering Monitor and alert on group membership additions of groups that have CA policy modification access
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Monitor and alert on group membership additions of groups that have CA policy modification access. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: User Added To Group With CA Policy Modification Access id: 91c95675-1f27-46d0-bead-d1ae96b97cd3 status: test description: Monitor and alert on group membership additions of groups that have CA policy modification access references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-infrastructure#conditional-access author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Thomas Detzner '@tdetzner' date: 2022-08-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.credential-access - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1548 - attack.t1556 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Add member from group condition: selection falsepositives: - User removed from the group is approved level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of commands via the run dialog box on Windows by checking values of the "RunMRU" registry key. This te. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Command Executed Via Run Dialog Box - Registry id: a7df0e9e-91a5-459a-a003-4cde67c2ff5d related: - id: f9d091f6-f1c7-4873-a24f-050b4a02b4dd type: derived status: test description: 'Detects execution of commands via the run dialog box on Windows by checking values of the "RunMRU" registry key. This technique was seen being abused by threat actors to deceive users into pasting and executing malicious commands, often disguised as CAPTCHA verification steps. ' references: - https://medium.com/@ahmed.moh.farou2/fake-captcha-campaign-on-arabic-pirated-movie-sites-delivers-lumma-stealer-4f203f7adabf - https://medium.com/@shaherzakaria8/downloading-trojan-lumma-infostealer-through-capatcha-1f25255a0e71 - https://www.forensafe.com/blogs/runmrukey.html - https://redcanary.com/blog/threat-intelligence/intelligence-insights-october-2024/ author: Ahmed Farouk, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2024-11-01 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection_key: TargetObject|contains: \Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU selection_powershell_command: Details|contains: - powershell - pwsh selection_powershell_susp_keywords: Details|contains: - ' -e ' - ' -ec ' - ' -en ' - ' -enc ' - ' -enco' - ftp - Hidden - http - iex - Invoke- selection_wmic_command: Details|contains: wmic selection_wmic_susp_keywords: Details|contains: - shadowcopy - process call create condition: selection_key and (all of selection_powershell_* or all of selection_wmic_*) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: alert when Detect attacker collecting audio via SoundRecorder application.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect attacker collecting audio via SoundRecorder application.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Audio Capture via SoundRecorder id: 83865853-59aa-449e-9600-74b9d89a6d6e status: test description: Detect attacker collecting audio via SoundRecorder application. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1123/T1123.md - https://eqllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/analytics/f72a98cb-7b3d-4100-99c3-a138b6e9ff6e.html author: E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Endgame), oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1123 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \SoundRecorder.exe CommandLine|contains: /FILE condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate audio capture by legitimate user. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity registry key and the "Enabled" value being set to 0 in order to d. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Windows Hypervisor Enforced Code Integrity Disabled id: 8b7273a4-ba5d-4d8a-b04f-11f2900d043a related: - id: 6225c53a-a96e-4235-b28f-8d7997cd96eb type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to the HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity registry key and the "Enabled" value being set to 0 in order to disable the Hypervisor Enforced Code Integrity feature. This allows an attacker to load unsigned and untrusted code to be run in the kernel ' references: - https://www.welivesecurity.com/2023/03/01/blacklotus-uefi-bootkit-myth-confirmed/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/04e487c1828d76df3e834621f4f893ea756d5232/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md#atomic-test-43---disable-hypervisor-enforced-code-integrity-hvci author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Anish Bogati date: 2023-03-14 modified: 2024-07-05 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: - \Control\DeviceGuard\HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity - \Control\DeviceGuard\Scenarios\HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity\Enabled - \Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard\HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity Details: DWORD (0x00000000) condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate system administration tasks that require disabling HVCI for troubleshooting purposes when certain drivers or applications are incompatible with it. level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_deviceguard_hypervisorenforcedcodeintegrity_disabled/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Disable Hypervisor-Enforced Code Integrity (HVCI) technique: T1562.001 atomic_guid: 70bd71e6-eba4-4e00-92f7-617911dbe020
Query: exploit Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Project-Pier ProjectPier-Core allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the search_for parameter to (
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2796. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Project-Pier ProjectPier-Core allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the search_for parameter to (1) search_by_tag.php, (2) search_contacts.php, or (3) search.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2069. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the WooCommerce plugin before 2.2.11 for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the QUERY_STRING in the wc-reports page to wp-admin/admin.php.
Query: detect Detects execution of javascript code using "mshta.exe". in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of javascript code using "mshta.exe".. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious JavaScript Execution Via Mshta.EXE id: 67f113fa-e23d-4271-befa-30113b3e08b1 status: test description: Detects execution of javascript code using "mshta.exe". references: - https://eqllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/analytics/6bc283c4-21f2-4aed-a05c-a9a3ffa95dd4.html - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218.005/T1218.005.md author: E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Endgame), oscd.community date: 2019-10-24 modified: 2023-02-07 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \mshta.exe - OriginalFileName: MSHTA.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: javascript condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the EnableRegion command in AWS CloudTrail logs. While AWS has 30+ regions, some of them are enabled. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS EnableRegion Command Monitoring id: a5ffb6ea-c784-4e01-b30a-deb6e58ca2ab status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of the EnableRegion command in AWS CloudTrail logs. While AWS has 30+ regions, some of them are enabled by default, others must be explicitly enabled in each account separately. There may be situations where security monitoring does not cover some new AWS regions. Monitoring the EnableRegion command is important for identifying potential persistence mechanisms employed by adversaries, as enabling additional regions can facilitate continued access and operations within an AWS environment. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/accounts/latest/reference/API_EnableRegion.html - https://awscli.amazonaws.com/v2/documentation/api/2.14.0/reference/account/enable-region.html author: Ivan Saakov, Sergey Zelenskiy date: 2025-10-19 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventName: EnableRegion eventSource: account.amazonaws.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the EnableRegion command by authorized administrators. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: wpa_supplicant 2.0-16 does not properly check certificate subject name, which allows remote attackers to cause a man-in-the-middle attack.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0210. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. wpa_supplicant 2.0-16 does not properly check certificate subject name, which allows remote attackers to cause a man-in-the-middle attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5619. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. Logstash 1.4.x before 1.4.5 and 1.5.x before 1.5.4 with Lumberjack output or the Logstash forwarder does not validate SSL/TLS certificates from the Logstash server, which might allow attackers to obtain sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack.
Query: risk of McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) before 4.6.9 and 5.x before 5.1.2 uses the same secret key across different customers' installations, which allows attackers to obtain the adminis
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0922. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) before 4.6.9 and 5.x before 5.1.2 uses the same secret key across different customers' installations, which allows attackers to obtain the administrator password by leveraging knowledge of the encrypted password.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7946. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Information Exposure vulnerability in Unity8 as used on the Ubuntu phone and possibly also in Unity8 shipped elsewhere. This allows an attacker to enable the MTP service by opening the emergency dialer. Fixed in 8.11+16.04.20160111.1-0ubuntu1 and 8.11+15.04.20160122-0ubuntu1.
Query: vulnerability: Buffer overflow in the set_cs_start function in t1disasm.c in t1utils before 1.39 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3905. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the set_cs_start function in t1disasm.c in t1utils before 1.39 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted font file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9176. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, Input_address is registered as a shared buffer and is not properly checked before use in OEMCrypto_Generic_Sign(). This allows addresses to be accessed that reside in secure/CP memory.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2363
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2363. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4185. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. The TCL interpreter in Cisco IOS 15.2 does not properly maintain the vty state, which allows local users to gain privileges by starting a session very soon after a TCL script execution, aka Bug ID CSCuq24202.
Query: detection rule: Detects the creation of a new bits job by Bitsadmin
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new bits job by Bitsadmin. Logsource: windows / bits-client. Rule: title: New BITS Job Created Via Bitsadmin id: 1ff315dc-2a3a-4b71-8dde-873818d25d39 status: test description: Detects the creation of a new bits job by Bitsadmin references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1197/T1197.md author: frack113 date: 2022-03-01 modified: 2023-03-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 logsource: product: windows service: bits-client detection: selection: EventID: 3 processPath|endswith: \bitsadmin.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Many legitimate applications or scripts could leverage "bitsadmin". This event is best correlated with EID 16403 via the JobID field level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the image load of VSS DLL by uncommon executables. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Suspicious Volume Shadow Copy Vssapi.dll Load id: 37774c23-25a1-4adb-bb6d-8bb9fd59c0f8 related: - id: 333cdbe8-27bb-4246-bf82-b41a0dca4b70 type: similar - id: 48bfd177-7cf2-412b-ad77-baf923489e82 type: similar status: test description: Detects the image load of VSS DLL by uncommon executables references: - https://github.com/ORCx41/DeleteShadowCopies author: frack113 date: 2022-10-31 modified: 2026-05-18 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \vssapi.dll filter_main_windows: - Image: - C:\Windows\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\ImmersiveControlPanel\SystemSettings.exe - Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\Temp\{ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ - C:\$WinREAgent\Scratch\ filter_main_program_files: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ filter_main_null_image: Image: null filter_optional_programdata_packagecache: Image|startswith: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\ filter_optional_avira: Image|contains|all: - \temp\is- - \avira_system_speedup.tmp condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit It was found that the Apache ActiveMQ client before 5.14.5 exposed a remote shutdown command in the ActiveMQConnection class. An attacker logged into a compromised broker could use
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7559. CWE: CWE-306. CVSS: 2.700000047683716. It was found that the Apache ActiveMQ client before 5.14.5 exposed a remote shutdown command in the ActiveMQConnection class. An attacker logged into a compromised broker could use this flaw to achieve denial of service on a connected client.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9030. CWE: CWE-306. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the Hypervisor API could be misused to bypass authentication.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2613
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2613. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 7u80 and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JCE.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2636. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Data Integrator component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Data Quality based on Trillium, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0443, CVE-2015-0444, CVE-2015-0445, CVE-2015-0446, CVE-2015-2634, CVE-2015-2635, CVE-2015-4758, and CVE-2015-4759.
Query: exploit Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explo
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6084. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6064 and CVE-2015-6085.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5848. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. IOAcceleratorFamily in Apple iOS before 9 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1012
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1012. CWE: CWE-312. CVSS: 7.5. Wireless keys are stored in plain text on version 5 of the Hospira LifeCare PCA Infusion System. According to Hospira, version 3 of the LifeCare PCA Infusion System is not indicated for wireless use, is not shipped with wireless capabilities, and should not be modified to be used in a wireless capacity in a clinical setting. Hospira has developed a new version of the PCS Infusion System, version 7.0 that addresses the identified vulnerabilities. Version 7.0 has Port 20/FTP and Port 23/TELNET closed by default to prevent unauthorized access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8314. CWE: CWE-312. CVSS: 7.5. The Devise gem before 3.5.4 for Ruby mishandles Remember Me cookies for sessions, which may allow an adversary to obtain unauthorized persistent application access.