alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: threat report mentioning Remote Desktop Protocol
Matching passage: T1021.001 Remote Desktop Protocol. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)
Near-miss passage: T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2078
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2078. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.0. The SDK for Komodia Redirector with SSL Digestor, as used in Lavasoft Ad-Aware Web Companion 1.1.885.1766 and Ad-Aware AdBlocker (alpha) 1.3.69.1, Qustodio for Windows, Atom Security, Inc. StaffCop 5.8, and other products, does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2077.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5655. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. The Adways Party Track SDK before 1.6.6 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Archive via Library
Matching passage: T1560.002 Archive via Library. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data. Some archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.
Near-miss passage: T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options. Additionally, adversaries may use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to Base64 encode collected data before exfiltration. Adversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)
Query: risk of The xsl_ext_function_php function in ext/xsl/xsltprocessor.c in PHP before 5.4.45, 5.5.x before 5.5.29, and 5.6.x before 5.6.13, when libxml2 before 2.9.2 is used, does not conside
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6838. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The xsl_ext_function_php function in ext/xsl/xsltprocessor.c in PHP before 5.4.45, 5.5.x before 5.5.29, and 5.6.x before 5.6.13, when libxml2 before 2.9.2 is used, does not consider the possibility of a NULL valuePop return value before proceeding with a free operation after the principal argument loop, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a crafted XML document, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6837.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8449. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the MovieClip object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted lineTo method call, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: vulnerability: Zoho ManageEngine OpManager 11 through 12.2 uses a custom encryption algorithm to protect the credential used to access the monitored devices. The implemented algorithm doesn't use
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9107. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Zoho ManageEngine OpManager 11 through 12.2 uses a custom encryption algorithm to protect the credential used to access the monitored devices. The implemented algorithm doesn't use a per-system key or even a salt; therefore, it's possible to create a universal decryptor.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1454. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Blue Coat ProxyClient before 3.3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.4.10 and Unified Agent before 4.1.3.151952 does not properly validate certain certificates, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof ProxySG Client Managers, and consequently modify configurations and execute arbitrary software updates, via a crafted certificate.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8675
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8675. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. Huawei S5300 Campus Series switches with software before V200R005SPH008 do not mask the password when uploading files, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive password information by reading the display.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7911. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. Saia Burgess PCD1.M0xx0, PCD1.M2xx0, PCD2.M5xx0, PCD3.Mxx60, PCD3.Mxxx0, PCD7.D4xxD, PCD7.D4xxV, PCD7.D4xxWTPF, and PCD7.D4xxxT5F devices before 1.24.50 and PCD3.T665 and PCD3.T666 devices before 1.24.41 have hardcoded credentials, which allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access via an FTP session.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8361
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8361. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. Multiple unspecified services in Atlassian Bamboo before 5.9.9 and 5.10.x before 5.10.0 do not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, modify settings, or manage build agents via unknown vectors involving the JMS port.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9140. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wear, and Small Cell SoC FSM9055, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 600, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, and SDX20, unauthorized memory access possible in online memory dump feature.
Query: CWE for Improper Control of Interaction Frequency
Matching passage: CWE-799 Improper Control of Interaction Frequency. The product does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.
Near-miss passage: CWE-287 Improper Authentication. When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
Query: risk of Report Builder in IBM Jazz Reporting Service (JRS) 5.x before 5.0.2-Rational-CLM-ifix011 and 6.0 before 6.0.0-Rational-CLM-ifix005 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sens
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7470. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. Report Builder in IBM Jazz Reporting Service (JRS) 5.x before 5.0.2-Rational-CLM-ifix011 and 6.0 before 6.0.0-Rational-CLM-ifix005 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated by login information.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5576. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 do not properly restrict discovery of memory addresses, which allows attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via unspecified vectors.
Query: alert when Detects execution of commands that leverage the "mshtml.dll" RunHTMLApplication export to run arbitrary code via differe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of commands that leverage the "mshtml.dll" RunHTMLApplication export to run arbitrary code via differe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Mshtml.DLL RunHTMLApplication Suspicious Usage id: 4782eb5a-a513-4523-a0ac-f3082b26ac5c related: - id: 9f06447a-a33a-4cbe-a94f-a3f43184a7a3 type: obsolete - id: 73fcad2e-ff14-4c38-b11d-4172c8ac86c7 type: obsolete status: test description: 'Detects execution of commands that leverage the "mshtml.dll" RunHTMLApplication export to run arbitrary code via different protocol handlers (vbscript, javascript, file, http...) ' references: - https://twitter.com/n1nj4sec/status/1421190238081277959 - https://hyp3rlinx.altervista.org/advisories/MICROSOFT_WINDOWS_DEFENDER_TROJAN.WIN32.POWESSERE.G_MITIGATION_BYPASS_PART2.txt - http://hyp3rlinx.altervista.org/advisories/MICROSOFT_WINDOWS_DEFENDER_DETECTION_BYPASS.txt author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Josh Nickels, frack113, Zaw Min Htun (ZETA) date: 2022-08-14 modified: 2024-02-23 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - \..\ - mshtml CommandLine|contains: - '#135' - RunHTMLApplication condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an account dumps the LAPS password from Entra ID.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Windows LAPS Credential Dump From Entra ID id: a4b25073-8947-489c-a8dd-93b41c23f26d status: test description: Detects when an account dumps the LAPS password from Entra ID. references: - https://twitter.com/NathanMcNulty/status/1785051227568632263 - https://www.cloudcoffee.ch/microsoft-365/configure-windows-laps-in-microsoft-intune/ - https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-blog/introducing-windows-local-administrator-password-solution-with/ba-p/1942487 author: andrewdanis date: 2024-06-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098.005 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: category: Device activityType|contains: Recover device local administrator password additionalDetails.additionalInfo|contains: Successfully recovered local credential by device id condition: selection falsepositives: - Approved activity performed by an Administrator. level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-0428
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0428. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 and 11 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Resource Control.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0488. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and JRockit R28.3.5, allows remote attackers to affect availability via vectors related to JSSE.
Query: detection rule: Detects the deletion of one or more VPC Flow Logs in AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) through the DeleteFlowLogs API call
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of one or more VPC Flow Logs in AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) through the DeleteFlowLogs API call. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS VPC Flow Logs Deleted id: e386b9b5-af12-450e-afff-761730fb8a98 status: experimental description: 'Detects the deletion of one or more VPC Flow Logs in AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) through the DeleteFlowLogs API call. Adversaries may delete flow logs to evade detection or remove evidence of network activity, hindering forensic investigations and visibility into malicious operations. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DeleteFlowLogs.html - https://awscli.amazonaws.com/v2/documentation/api/latest/reference/ec2/delete-flow-logs.html - https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/security/prebuilt-rules/rules/integrations/aws/defense_evasion_ec2_flow_log_deletion author: Ivan Saakov date: 2025-10-19 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection_event_name: eventName: DeleteFlowLogs selection_status_success: errorCode: Success selection_status_null: errorCode: null condition: selection_event_name and 1 of selection_status_* falsepositives: - During maintenance operations or testing, authorized administrators may delete VPC Flow Logs as part of routine network management or cleanup activities. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Bypasses User Account Control using a fileless method. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Bypass UAC Using DelegateExecute id: 46dd5308-4572-4d12-aa43-8938f0184d4f status: test description: Bypasses User Account Control using a fileless method references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/shobjidl_core/nn-shobjidl_core-iexecutecommand - https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20100312-01/?p=14623 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1548.002/T1548.002.md#atomic-test-7---bypass-uac-using-sdclt-delegateexecute author: frack113 date: 2022-01-05 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \open\command\DelegateExecute Details: (Empty) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_bypass_uac_using_delegateexecute/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Bypass UAC using sdclt DelegateExecute technique: T1548.002 atomic_guid: 3be891eb-4608-4173-87e8-78b494c029b7
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1852
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1852. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The s3_token middleware in OpenStack keystonemiddleware before 1.6.0 and python-keystoneclient before 1.4.0 disables certification verification when the "insecure" option is set in a paste configuration (paste.ini) file regardless of the value, which allows remote attackers to conduct man-in-the-middle attacks via a crafted certificate, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-7144.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8216. CWE: CWE-17. CVSS: 7.5. The ljpeg_decode_yuv_scan function in libavcodec/mjpegdec.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.2 omits certain width and height checks, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted MJPEG data.
Query: actor TTPs: Binary Padding
Matching passage: T1027.001 Binary Padding. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. Binary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ)
Near-miss passage: T1027.004 Compile After Delivery. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as ilasm.exe(Citation: ATTACK IQ), csc.exe, or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018) Source code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / windefend
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Windows Defender logs when the history of detected infections is deleted.. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Malware Detection History Deletion id: 2afe6582-e149-11ea-87d0-0242ac130003 status: test description: Windows Defender logs when the history of detected infections is deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus - https://web.archive.org/web/20160727113019/https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/protect/forum/mse-protect_scanning/microsoft-antimalware-has-removed-history-of/f15af6c9-01a9-4065-8c6c-3f2bdc7de45e author: Cian Heasley date: 2020-08-13 modified: 2023-11-24 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 1013 condition: selection falsepositives: - Deletion of Defender malware detections history for legitimate reasons level: informational
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user has been elevated to manage all Azure Subscriptions. This change should be investigated immediately. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Subscription Permission Elevation Via ActivityLogs id: 09438caa-07b1-4870-8405-1dbafe3dad95 status: test description: 'Detects when a user has been elevated to manage all Azure Subscriptions. This change should be investigated immediately if it isn''t planned. This setting could allow an attacker access to Azure subscriptions in your environment. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations#microsoftauthorization author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-11-26 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: MICROSOFT.AUTHORIZATION/ELEVATEACCESS/ACTION condition: selection falsepositives: - If this was approved by System Administrator. level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1744
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1744. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1735, CVE-2015-1740, CVE-2015-1745, and CVE-2015-1766.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0283. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The slapi-nis plug-in before 0.54.2 does not properly reallocate memory when processing user accounts, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and CPU consumption) via a request for a (1) group with a large number of members or (2) user that belongs to a large number of groups.
Query: SOC runbook when seeing Outbound C2 pattern associated with Disk Content Wipe
Matching passage: Playbook for T1561.001 Disk Content Wipe. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1561.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: impact. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. Adversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the storage interface.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citat
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1561 Disk Wipe. Different response path focused on impact.