alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: containment actions for SIEM correlation: impact activity consistent with Firmware Corruption
Matching passage: Playbook for T1495 Firmware Corruption. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1495. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: impact. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot, thus denying the availability to use the devices and/or the system.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is software that is loaded and executed from non-volatile memory on hardware devices in order to initia
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1490 Inhibit System Recovery. Different response path focused on impact.
Query: Sigma rule for Detect lateral movement using GPO scheduled task, usually used to deploy ransomware at scale
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect lateral movement using GPO scheduled task, usually used to deploy ransomware at scale. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Persistence and Execution at Scale via GPO Scheduled Task id: a8f29a7b-b137-4446-80a0-b804272f3da2 status: test description: Detect lateral movement using GPO scheduled task, usually used to deploy ransomware at scale references: - https://twitter.com/menasec1/status/1106899890377052160 - https://www.secureworks.com/blog/ransomware-as-a-distraction - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/7.17/prebuilt-rule-0-16-1-scheduled-task-execution-at-scale-via-gpo.html author: Samir Bousseaden date: 2019-04-03 modified: 2024-09-04 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1053.005 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The advanced audit policy setting "Object Access > Audit Detailed File Share" must be configured for Success/Failure detection: selection_5136: EventID: 5136 AttributeLDAPDisplayName: - gPCMachineExtensionNames - gPCUserExtensionNames AttributeValue|contains: - CAB54552-DEEA-4691-817E-ED4A4D1AFC72 - AADCED64-746C-4633-A97C-D61349046527 selection_5145: EventID: 5145 ShareName|endswith: \SYSVOL RelativeTargetName|endswith: ScheduledTasks.xml AccessList|contains: - WriteData - '%%4417' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - If the source IP is not localhost then it's super suspicious, better to monitor both local and remote changes to GPO scheduled tasks. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects keywords that could indicate clearing PowerShell history. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Clear PowerShell History - PowerShell Module id: f99276ad-d122-4989-a09a-d00904a5f9d2 related: - id: dfba4ce1-e0ea-495f-986e-97140f31af2d type: derived status: test description: Detects keywords that could indicate clearing PowerShell history references: - https://gist.github.com/hook-s3c/7363a856c3cdbadeb71085147f042c1a author: Ilyas Ochkov, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2022-12-02 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_1a_payload: Payload|contains: - del - Remove-Item - rm selection_1b_payload: Payload|contains: (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath selection_payload_2: Payload|contains|all: - Set-PSReadlineOption - –HistorySaveStyle - SaveNothing selection_payload_3: Payload|contains|all: - Set-PSReadlineOption - -HistorySaveStyle - SaveNothing condition: 1 of selection_payload_* or all of selection_1* falsepositives: - Legitimate PowerShell scripts level: medium
Query: alert when Detects potential DLL sideloading of "goopdate.dll", a DLL used by googleupdate.exe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "goopdate.dll", a DLL used by googleupdate.exe. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential Goopdate.DLL Sideloading id: b6188d2f-b3c4-4d2c-a17d-9706e0851af0 status: test description: Detects potential DLL sideloading of "goopdate.dll", a DLL used by googleupdate.exe references: - https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/static-assets/documents/malware-analysis-reports/goofy-guineapig/NCSC-MAR-Goofy-Guineapig.pdf author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-15 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \goopdate.dll filter_main_generic: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files (x86)\ - C:\Program Files\ filter_optional_dropbox_installer_temp: Image|contains|all: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - .tmp\Dropbox ImageLoaded|contains|all: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - .tmp\goopdate.dll filter_optional_googleupdate_temp: Image|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - :\Windows\SystemTemp\GUM Image|endswith: .tmp\GoogleUpdate.exe ImageLoaded|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp\GUM - :\Windows\SystemTemp\GUM condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - False positives are expected from Google Chrome installations running from user locations (AppData) and other custom locations. Apply additional filters accordingly. - Other third party chromium browsers located in AppData level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects processes spawned from web servers (PHP, Tomcat, IIS, etc.) that perform reconnaissance looking for the existenc. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Webshell Tool Reconnaissance Activity id: f64e5c19-879c-4bae-b471-6d84c8339677 status: test description: 'Detects processes spawned from web servers (PHP, Tomcat, IIS, etc.) that perform reconnaissance looking for the existence of popular scripting tools (perl, python, wget) on the system via the help commands ' references: - https://ragged-lab.blogspot.com/2020/07/webshells-automating-reconnaissance.html author: Cian Heasley, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-07-22 modified: 2023-11-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1505.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_webserver_image: ParentImage|endswith: - \caddy.exe - \httpd.exe - \nginx.exe - \php-cgi.exe - \w3wp.exe - \ws_tomcatservice.exe selection_webserver_characteristics_tomcat1: ParentImage|endswith: - \java.exe - \javaw.exe ParentImage|contains: - -tomcat- - \tomcat selection_webserver_characteristics_tomcat2: ParentImage|endswith: - \java.exe - \javaw.exe CommandLine|contains: - CATALINA_HOME - catalina.jar selection_recon: CommandLine|contains: - perl --help - perl -h - python --help - python -h - python3 --help - python3 -h - wget --help condition: 1 of selection_webserver_* and selection_recon falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-0674
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0674. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Alert Service of Cisco Cloud Web Security base revision allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified parameters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10119. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in View All Posts Page Plugin up to 0.9.0 on WordPress. This issue affects the function action_admin_notices_activation of the file view-all-posts-pages.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 0.9.1 is able to address this issue. The patch is named bf914f3a59063fa4df8fd4925ae18a5d852396d7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-233363.
Query: indicators of Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions
Matching passage: T1535 Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure. Cloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve performance, provide redundancy, and allow customers to meet compliance requirements. Oftentimes, a customer will only use a subset of the available regions and may not actively monitor other regions. If an adversary creates resources in an unused region, they may be able to operate undetected. A variation on this behavior takes advantage of differences in functionality across cloud regions. An adversary could utilize regions which do not support advanced detection services in order to avoid detection of their activity. An example of adversary use of unused AWS regions is to mine cryptocurrency through [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), which can cost organizations substantial amounts of money over time depending on the processing power used.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)
Near-miss passage: T1027.002 Software Packing. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) Utilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.(Citation: Awesome Executable Packing)
Query: vulnerability: Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 relies on libvpx code that was not built with an appropriate --size-limit value, which allows remote attackers to trigger a negative value for a s
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1258. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 relies on libvpx code that was not built with an appropriate --size-limit value, which allows remote attackers to trigger a negative value for a size field, and consequently cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact, via a crafted frame size in VP9 video data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4001. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 9.0. Integer signedness error in the oz_hcd_get_desc_cnf function in drivers/staging/ozwpan/ozhcd.c in the OZWPAN driver in the Linux kernel through 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via vectors rel
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2588. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.53 and 8.54 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via vectors related to PIA Core Technology.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4901. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u60 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to JavaFX.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7946
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7946. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Information Exposure vulnerability in Unity8 as used on the Ubuntu phone and possibly also in Unity8 shipped elsewhere. This allows an attacker to enable the MTP service by opening the emergency dialer. Fixed in 8.11+16.04.20160111.1-0ubuntu1 and 8.11+15.04.20160122-0ubuntu1.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0211. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. mod/lti/ajax.php in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 does not consider the moodle/course:manageactivities and mod/lti:addinstance capabilities before proceeding with registered-tool list searches, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via requests to the LTI Ajax service.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3923
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3923. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Coppermine Photo Gallery before 1.5.36 allows remote attackers to enumerate directories via a full path in the folder parameter to minibrowser.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4682. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.5. Polycom RealPresence Resource Manager (aka RPRM) before 8.4 allows remote authenticated users to obtain the installation path via an HTTP POST request to PlcmRmWeb/JConfigManager.
Query: risk of AppNav in Cisco IOS XE 3.8 through 3.10 before 3.10.3S, 3.11 before 3.11.3S, 3.12 before 3.12.1S, 3.13 before 3.13.0S, 3.14 before 3.14.0S, and 3.15 before 3.15.0S allows remote at
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0644. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. AppNav in Cisco IOS XE 3.8 through 3.10 before 3.10.3S, 3.11 before 3.11.3S, 3.12 before 3.12.1S, 3.13 before 3.13.0S, 3.14 before 3.14.0S, and 3.15 before 3.15.0S allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (device reload) via a crafted TCP packet, aka Bug ID CSCuo53622.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0754. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Cisco Finesse 10.5(1) allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a crafted XML document, aka Bug ID CSCut95810.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Forms/rpAuth_1 on ZyXEL P-660HW-T1 2 devices with ZyNOS firmware 3.40(AXH.0) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web s
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6017. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Forms/rpAuth_1 on ZyXEL P-660HW-T1 2 devices with ZyNOS firmware 3.40(AXH.0) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) LoginPassword or (2) hiddenPassword parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6844. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Reviewer in EMC SourceOne Email Supervisor before 7.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Philips In.Sight B120/37 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request, related to yoics.net URLs, stream.m3u8 URIs, and cam_service_enable.cgi.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2884. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. Philips In.Sight B120/37 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request, related to yoics.net URLs, stream.m3u8 URIs, and cam_service_enable.cgi.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3171. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.5. sosreport 3.2 uses weak permissions for generated sosreport archives, which allows local users with access to /var/tmp/ to obtain sensitive information by reading the contents of the archive.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0087
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0087. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory, and possibly bypass the KASLR protection mechanism, via a crafted font, aka "Adobe Font Driver Information Disclosure Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0089.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0170. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. IBM Security SiteProtector System 3.0 before 3.0.0.7, 3.1 before 3.1.0.4, and 3.1.1 before 3.1.1.2 allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading cached data.
Query: detect All TCP traffic on particular port from attacker is routed to different port. ex. '/sbin/iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING - in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: All TCP traffic on particular port from attacker is routed to different port. ex. '/sbin/iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Bpfdoor TCP Ports Redirect id: 70b4156e-50fc-4523-aa50-c9dddf1993fc status: test description: 'All TCP traffic on particular port from attacker is routed to different port. ex. ''/sbin/iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.1 --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 42392'' The traffic looks like encrypted SSH communications going to TCP port 22, but in reality is being directed to the shell port once it hits the iptables rule for the attacker host only. ' references: - https://www.sandflysecurity.com/blog/bpfdoor-an-evasive-linux-backdoor-technical-analysis/ - https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/a-peek-behind-the-bpfdoor author: Rafal Piasecki date: 2022-08-10 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: cmd: type: EXECVE a0|endswith: iptables a1: -t a2: nat keywords: - --to-ports 42 - --to-ports 43 condition: cmd and keywords falsepositives: - Legitimate ports redirect level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are prog. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious ScreenSave Change by Reg.exe id: 0fc35fc3-efe6-4898-8a37-0b233339524f status: test description: 'Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1546.002/T1546.002.md - https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf author: frack113 date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-06-02 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1546.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_reg: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains: - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop - HKCU\Control Panel\Desktop selection_option_1: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaveActive - /t REG_SZ - /d 1 - /f selection_option_2: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaveTimeout - /t REG_SZ - '/d ' - /f selection_option_3: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v ScreenSaverIsSecure - /t REG_SZ - /d 0 - /f selection_option_4: CommandLine|contains|all: - /v SCRNSAVE.EXE - /t REG_SZ - '/d ' - .scr - /f condition: selection_reg and 1 of selection_option_* falsepositives: - GPO level: medium
Query: explain CWE-1078
Matching passage: CWE-1078 Inappropriate Source Code Style or Formatting. The source code does not follow desired style or formatting for indentation, white space, comments, etc.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1112 Incomplete Documentation of Program Execution. The document does not fully define all mechanisms that are used to control or influence how product-specific programs are executed.
Query: secure coding against Dangling Database Cursor ('Cursor Injection')
Matching passage: CWE-619 Dangling Database Cursor ('Cursor Injection'). If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor dangling.
Near-miss passage: CWE-7 J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page. The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the product.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Archive via Custom Method
Matching passage: T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)
Near-miss passage: T1560 Archive Collected Data. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. Both compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.
Query: detect Detects network connections via finger.exe, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for executi in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects network connections via finger.exe, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for executi. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated via Finger.EXE id: 2fdaf50b-9fd5-449f-ba69-f17248119af6 related: - id: c082c2b0-525b-4dbc-9a26-a57dc4692074 type: similar - id: af491bca-e752-4b44-9c86-df5680533dbc type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects network connections via finger.exe, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for execution on Windows devices. In one ClickFix malware campaign, adversaries leveraged the finger protocol to fetch commands from a remote server. Since the finger utility is not commonly used in modern Windows environments, its presence already raises suspicion. Investigating such network connections can also help identify potential malicious infrastructure used by threat actors ' references: - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/decades-old-finger-protocol-abused-in-clickfix-malware-attacks/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-11-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' Image|endswith: \finger.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects known malicious service installation that appear in cases in which a Sliver implants execute the PsExec commands. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Sliver C2 Default Service Installation id: 31c51af6-e7aa-4da7-84d4-8f32cc580af2 status: test description: Detects known malicious service installation that appear in cases in which a Sliver implants execute the PsExec commands references: - https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver/blob/79f2d48fcdfc2bee4713b78d431ea4b27f733f30/client/command/commands.go#L1231 - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/08/24/looking-for-the-sliver-lining-hunting-for-emerging-command-and-control-frameworks/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-25 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1543.003 - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection_eid: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 selection_service_1: ImagePath|re: ^[a-zA-Z]:\\windows\\temp\\[a-zA-Z0-9]{10}\.exe selection_service_2: ServiceName: - Sliver - Sliver implant condition: selection_eid and 1 of selection_service_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high