alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detection rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using a msconfig GUI hack (UACMe 55)
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using a msconfig GUI hack (UACMe 55). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: UAC Bypass Using MSConfig Token Modification - Process id: ad92e3f9-7eb6-460e-96b1-582b0ccbb980 status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using a msconfig GUI hack (UACMe 55) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-30 modified: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: IntegrityLevel: - High - System - S-1-16-16384 - S-1-16-12288 ParentImage|endswith: \AppData\Local\Temp\pkgmgr.exe CommandLine: '"C:\Windows\system32\msconfig.exe" -5' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects blocked image load events with revoked certificates by code integrity.. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Blocked Image Load With Revoked Certificate id: 6f156c48-3894-4952-baf0-16193e9067d2 status: test description: Detects blocked image load events with revoked certificates by code integrity. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: 3036 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: common weakness: Improper Handling of Undefined Values
Matching passage: CWE-232 Improper Handling of Undefined Values. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.
Near-miss passage: CWE-459 Incomplete Cleanup. The product does not properly clean up and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Code Signing Certificates
Matching passage: T1588.003 Code Signing Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. Prior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.
Near-miss passage: T1588.004 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. Adversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for. Certificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ) After obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of the Notepad++ updater (gup) to launch other commands or executables
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the Notepad++ updater (gup) to launch other commands or executables. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Arbitrary Binary Execution Using GUP Utility id: d65aee4d-2292-4cea-b832-83accd6cfa43 status: test description: Detects execution of the Notepad++ updater (gup) to launch other commands or executables references: - https://twitter.com/nas_bench/status/1535322445439180803 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-10 modified: 2023-03-02 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \gup.exe Image|endswith: \explorer.exe filter: Image|endswith: \explorer.exe CommandLine|contains: \Notepad++\notepad++.exe filter_parent: ParentImage|contains: \Notepad++\updater\ filter_null: CommandLine: null condition: selection and not 1 of filter* falsepositives: - Other parent binaries using GUP not currently identified level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the BCP utility in order to export data from the database. Attackers were seen saving their mal. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Data Export From MSSQL Table Via BCP.EXE id: c615d676-f655-46b9-b913-78729021e5d7 status: test description: 'Detects the execution of the BCP utility in order to export data from the database. Attackers were seen saving their malware to a database column or table and then later extracting it via "bcp.exe" into a file. ' references: - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/tools/bcp-utility - https://asec.ahnlab.com/en/61000/ - https://asec.ahnlab.com/en/78944/ - https://www.huntress.com/blog/attacking-mssql-servers - https://www.huntress.com/blog/attacking-mssql-servers-pt-ii - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/08/07/sophos-mdr-hunt-tracks-mimic-ransomware-campaign-against-organizations-in-india/ - https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/ author: Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe), MahirAli Khan (in/mahiralikhan), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-08-20 tags: - attack.execution - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \bcp.exe - OriginalFileName: BCP.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' out ' - ' queryout ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate data export operations. level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1762
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1762. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SP3 and SP4, 2008 R2 SP2 and SP3, 2012 SP1 and SP2, and 2014, when transactional replication is configured, does not prevent use of uninitialized memory in unspecified function calls, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by leveraging certain permissions and making a crafted query, as demonstrated by the VIEW SERVER STATE permission, aka "SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5841. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 5.0. The CFNetwork Proxies component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly handle a Set-Cookie header within a response to an HTTP CONNECT request, which allows remote proxy servers to conduct cookie-injection attacks via a crafted response.
Query: weakness Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime
Matching passage: CWE-772 Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime. The product does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.
Near-miss passage: CWE-683 Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments. The product calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6713
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6713. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The Function call implementation in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4894. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Unspecified vulnerability in the Mobile Server component in Oracle Database Mobile/Lite Server 10.3.0.3, 11.3.0.2, and 12.1.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity and availability via unknown vectors.
Query: exploit The mbcache feature in the ext2 and ext4 filesystem implementations in the Linux kernel before 4.6 mishandles xattr block caching, which allows local users to cause a denial of ser
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8952. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.5. The mbcache feature in the ext2 and ext4 filesystem implementations in the Linux kernel before 4.6 mishandles xattr block caching, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (soft lockup) via filesystem operations in environments that use many attributes, as demonstrated by Ceph and Samba.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1687. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: exploit EMC Documentum Content Server before 7.0 P20, 7.1 before P18, and 7.2 before P02, when RPC tracing is configured, stores certain obfuscated password data in a log file, which allow
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4536. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.5. EMC Documentum Content Server before 7.0 P20, 7.1 before P18, and 7.2 before P02, when RPC tracing is configured, stores certain obfuscated password data in a log file, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading this file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8555. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 8.600000381469727. Xen 4.6.x, 4.5.x, 4.4.x, 4.3.x, and earlier do not initialize x86 FPU stack and XMM registers when XSAVE/XRSTOR are not used to manage guest extended register state, which allows local guest domains to obtain sensitive information from other domains via unspecified vectors.
Query: ATT&CK technique for Ccache Files
Matching passage: T1558.005 Ccache Files. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to steal Kerberos tickets stored in credential cache files (or ccache). These files are used for short term storage of a user's active session credentials. The ccache file is created upon user authentication and allows for access to multiple services without the user having to re-enter credentials. The <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> configuration file and the <code>KRB5CCNAME</code> environment variable are used to set the storage location for ccache entries. On Linux, credentials are typically stored in the `/tmp` directory with a naming format of `krb5cc_%UID%` or `krb5.ccache`. On macOS, ccache entries are stored by default in memory with an `API:{uuid}` naming scheme. Typically, users interact with ticket storage using <code>kinit</code>, which obtains a Ticket-Granting-Ticket (TGT) for the principal; <code>klist</code>, which lists obtained tickets currently held in the credentials cache; and other built-in binaries.(Citation: Kerberos GNU/Linux)(Citation: Binary Defense Kerberos Linux) Adversaries can collect tickets from ccache files stored on disk and authenticate as the current user without their password to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks. Adversaries can also use these tickets to impersonate legitimate users with elevated privileges to perform [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004). Tools like Kekeo can also be used by adversaries to convert ccache files to Windows format for further [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008). On macOS, adversaries may use open-source tools or the Kerberos framework to interact with ccache files and extract TGTs or Service Tickets via lower-level APIs.(Citation: SpectorOps Bifrost Kerberos macOS 2019)(Citation: Linux Kerberos Tickets)(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix)(Citation: Kekeo)
Near-miss passage: T1558 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). Kerberos is an authentication protocol widely used in modern Windows domain environments. In Kerberos environments, referred to as “realms”, there are three basic participants: client, service, and Key Distribution Center (KDC).(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder) Clients request access to a service and through the exchange of Kerberos tickets, originating from KDC, they are granted access after having successfully authenticated. The KDC is responsible for both authentication and ticket granting. Adversaries may attempt to abuse Kerberos by stealing tickets or forging tickets to enable unauthorized access. On Windows, the built-in <code>klist</code> utility can be used to list and analyze cached Kerberos tickets.(Citation: Microsoft Klist)
Query: indicators of Indicator Removal
Matching passage: T1070 Indicator Removal. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may selectively delete or modify artifacts generated to reduce indications of their presence and blend in with legitimate activity. Rather than broadly removing evidence, adversaries may target specific artifacts that appear anomalous or are likely to draw scrutiny, while leaving sufficient data intact to maintain the appearance of normal system behavior. Artifacts such as command histories, log entries, or file metadata may be altered in ways that align with expected user or system activity. Location, format, and type of artifact (such as command or login history) are often platform-specific, allowing adversaries to tailor modifications that minimize suspicion. These actions may not prevent detection entirely but can delay recognition of malicious activity or reduce the fidelity of alerts by making events appear benign or consistent with routine operations. Additionally, selectively removed or modified artifacts may still be recoverable through deeper forensic analysis, though their absence or alteration can complicate timeline reconstruction and attribution.
Near-miss passage: T1070.006 Timestomp. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new files or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder and blend malicious files with legitimate files. In Windows systems, both the `$STANDARD_INFORMATION` (`$SI`) and `$FILE_NAME` (`$FN`) attributes record times in a Master File Table (MFT) file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) `$SI` (dates/time stamps) is displayed to the end user, including in the File System view, while `$FN` is dealt with by the kernel.(Citation: Magnet Forensics) Modifying the `$SI` attribute is the most common method of timestomping because it can be modified at the user level using API calls. `$FN` timestomping, however, typically requires interacting with the system kernel or moving or renaming a file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) Adversaries modify timestamps on files so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools. In order to evade detections that rely on identifying discrepancies between the `$SI` and `$FN` attributes, adversaries may also engage in “double timestomping” by modifying times on both attributes simultaneously.(Citation: Double Timestomping) In Linux systems and on ESXi servers, threat actors may attempt to perform timestomping using commands such as `touch -a -m -t <timestamp> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to a specific value) or `touch -r <filename> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to match those of another file).(Citation: Inversecos Linux Timestomping)(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Timestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of "TroubleshootingPack" cmdlets to leverage CVE-2022-30190 or action similar to "msdt" lolbin (as des
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "TroubleshootingPack" cmdlets to leverage CVE-2022-30190 or action similar to "msdt" lolbin (as des. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Troubleshooting Pack Cmdlet Execution id: 03409c93-a7c7-49ba-9a4c-a00badf2a153 status: test description: Detects execution of "TroubleshootingPack" cmdlets to leverage CVE-2022-30190 or action similar to "msdt" lolbin (as described in LOLBAS) references: - https://twitter.com/nas_bench/status/1537919885031772161 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msdt/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-21 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Invoke-TroubleshootingPack - C:\Windows\Diagnostics\System\PCW - -AnswerFile - -Unattended condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of "TroubleshootingPack" cmdlet for troubleshooting purposes level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects enabling TurnOffCheck which can be used to bypass defense of MSDT Follina vulnerability. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Scripted Diagnostics Turn Off Check Enabled - Registry id: 7d995e63-ec83-4aa3-89d5-8a17b5c87c86 status: test description: Detects enabling TurnOffCheck which can be used to bypass defense of MSDT Follina vulnerability references: - https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1537075968568877057?s=20&t=0lr18OAnmAGoGpma6grLUw author: Christopher Peacock @securepeacock, SCYTHE @scythe_io date: 2022-06-15 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows category: registry_set detection: selection: TargetObject|endswith: \Policies\Microsoft\Windows\ScriptedDiagnostics\TurnOffCheck Details: DWORD (0x00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator actions level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detects attempts to execute remote commands, within a Pod's container using e.g. the "kubectl exec" command.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts to execute remote commands, within a Pod's container using e.g. the "kubectl exec" command.. Logsource: kubernetes / application / audit. Rule: title: Potential Remote Command Execution In Pod Container id: a1b0ca4e-7835-413e-8471-3ff2b8a66be6 status: test description: 'Detects attempts to execute remote commands, within a Pod''s container using e.g. the "kubectl exec" command. ' references: - https://microsoft.github.io/Threat-Matrix-for-Kubernetes/techniques/Exec%20into%20container/ author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping) date: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.t1609 - attack.execution logsource: category: application product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: verb: create objectRef.resource: pods objectRef.subresource: exec condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate debugging activity. Investigate the identity performing the requests and their authorization. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "wusa.exe" (Windows Update Standalone Installer) utility by a parent process that is located in. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Wusa.EXE Executed By Parent Process Located In Suspicious Location id: ef64fc9c-a45e-43cc-8fd8-7d75d73b4c99 status: test description: 'Detects execution of the "wusa.exe" (Windows Update Standalone Installer) utility by a parent process that is located in a suspicious location. Attackers could instantiate an instance of "wusa.exe" in order to bypass User Account Control (UAC). They can duplicate the access token from "wusa.exe" to gain elevated privileges. ' references: - https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/konni-campaign-distributed-via-malicious-document author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-11-26 modified: 2024-08-15 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: \wusa.exe selection_paths_1: ParentImage|contains: - :\Perflogs\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \Appdata\Local\Temp\ - \Temporary Internet selection_paths_2: - ParentImage|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Favorites\ - ParentImage|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Favourites\ - ParentImage|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Contacts\ - ParentImage|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \Pictures\ filter_main_msu: CommandLine|contains: .msu condition: selection_img and 1 of selection_paths_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0436
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0436. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle iLearning component in Oracle iLearning 6.0 and 6.1 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Login.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0431. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.0 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, and 6.3.5 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to UI Infrastructure.