alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: actor TTPs: Code Signing Policy Modification
Matching passage: T1553.006 Code Signing Policy Modification. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure that only valid, signed code can be run on an operating system. Some of these security controls may be enabled by default, such as Driver Signature Enforcement (DSE) on Windows or System Integrity Protection (SIP) on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft DSE June 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Other such controls may be disabled by default but are configurable through application controls, such as only allowing signed Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) to execute on a system. Since it can be useful for developers to modify default signature enforcement policies during the development and testing of applications, disabling of these features may be possible with elevated permissions.(Citation: Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Adversaries may modify code signing policies in a number of ways, including through use of command-line or GUI utilities, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), rebooting the computer in a debug/recovery mode, or by altering the value of variables in kernel memory.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader) Examples of commands that can modify the code signing policy of a system include <code>bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON</code> on Windows and <code>csrutil disable</code> on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Depending on the implementation, successful modification of a signing policy may require reboot of the compromised system. Additionally, some implementations can introduce visible artifacts for the user (ex: a watermark in the corner of the screen stating the
Near-miss passage: T1553.002 Code Signing. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature. Code signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)(Citation: EclecticLightChecksonEXECodeSigning) Code signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.
Query: risk of Hudson (aka org.jvnet.hudson.main:hudson-core) before 3.3.2 allows XXE attacks.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8031. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Hudson (aka org.jvnet.hudson.main:hudson-core) before 3.3.2 allows XXE attacks.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1811. CWE: CWE-611. CVSS: 7.5. XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in CloudBees Jenkins before 1.600 and LTS before 1.596.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary XML files via a crafted XML document.
Query: rule covering Detects "read access" requests on the services registry key. Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hij
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects "read access" requests on the services registry key. Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hij. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Service Registry Key Read Access Request id: 11d00fff-5dc3-428c-8184-801f292faec0 status: test description: 'Detects "read access" requests on the services registry key. Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code when a service starts. ' references: - https://center-for-threat-informed-defense.github.io/summiting-the-pyramid/analytics/service_registry_permissions_weakness_check/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1574.011/T1574.011.md#atomic-test-1---service-registry-permissions-weakness author: Center for Threat Informed Defense (CTID) Summiting the Pyramid Team date: 2023-09-28 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.011 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: 'Requirements: SACLs must be enabled for "READ_CONTROL" on the registry keys used in this rule' detection: selection: EventID: 4663 ObjectName|contains|all: - \SYSTEM\ - ControlSet\Services\ AccessList|contains: '%%1538' condition: selection falsepositives: - Likely from legitimate applications reading their key. Requires heavy tuning level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Detected Windows Software Discovery id: e13f668e-7f95-443d-98d2-1816a7648a7b related: - id: 2650dd1a-eb2a-412d-ac36-83f06c4f2282 type: derived status: test description: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518/T1518.md - https://github.com/harleyQu1nn/AggressorScripts author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-16 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1518 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - query - \software\ - /v - svcversion condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1738
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1738. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2388.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8455. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8060, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8444, and CVE-2015-8451.
Query: common weakness: Small Seed Space in PRNG
Matching passage: CWE-339 Small Seed Space in PRNG. A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses a relatively small seed space, which makes it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
Near-miss passage: CWE-605 Multiple Binds to the Same Port. When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.
Query: SOC alert related to Virtual Machine Discovery
Matching passage: T1673 Virtual Machine Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may attempt to enumerate running virtual machines (VMs) after gaining access to a host or hypervisor. For example, adversaries may enumerate a list of VMs on an ESXi hypervisor using a [Hypervisor CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012) such as `esxcli` or `vim-cmd` (e.g. `esxcli vm process list or vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms`).(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)(Citation: TrendMicro Play) Adversaries may also directly leverage a graphical user interface, such as VMware vCenter, in order to view virtual machines on a host. Adversaries may use the information from [Virtual Machine Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1673) during discovery to shape follow-on behaviors. Subsequently discovered VMs may be leveraged for follow-on activities such as [Service Stop](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1680 Local Storage Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate local drives, disks, and/or volumes and their attributes like total or free space and volume serial number. This can be done to prepare for ransomware-related encryption, to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0109), or as a precursor to [Direct Volume Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006). On ESXi systems, adversaries may use [Hypervisor CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012) commands such as `esxcli` to list storage connected to the host as well as `.vmdk` files.(Citation: TrendMicro)(Citation: TrendMicro ESXI Ransomware) On Windows systems, adversaries can use `wmic logicaldisk get` to find information about local network drives. They can also use `Get-PSDrive` in PowerShell to retrieve drives and may additionally use Windows API functions such as `GetDriveType`.(Citation: Trend Micro MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD HIUPAN SEPTEMBER 2024)(Citation: Volexity) Linux has commands such as `parted`, `lsblk`, `fdisk`, `lshw`, and `df` that can list information about disk partitions such as size, type, file system types, and free space. The command `diskutil` on MacOS can be used to list disks while `system_profiler SPStorageDataType` can additionally show information such as a volume’s mount path, file system, and the type of drive in the system. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers also have commands for storage discovery such as `describe volume` in AWS, `gcloud compute disks list` in GCP, and `az disk list` in Azure.(Citation: AWS docs describe volumes)(Citation: GCP gcloud compute disks list)(Citation: azure az disk)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2742
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2742. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 39.0 on OS X includes native key press information during the logging of crashes, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging access to a crash-reporting data stream.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5271. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The TripleO Heat templates (tripleo-heat-templates) do not properly order the Identity Service (keystone) before the OpenStack Object Storage (Swift) staticweb middleware in the swiftproxy pipeline when the staticweb middleware is enabled, which might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from private containers via unspecified vectors.
Query: common weakness: Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data
Matching passage: CWE-349 Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data. The product, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.
Near-miss passage: CWE-685 Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments. The product calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
Query: write Sigma for Detects suspicious ways to run Invoke-Execution using IEX alias
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious ways to run Invoke-Execution using IEX alias. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious PowerShell IEX Execution Patterns id: 09576804-7a05-458e-a817-eb718ca91f54 status: test description: Detects suspicious ways to run Invoke-Execution using IEX alias references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/invoke-expression?view=powershell-7.2 - https://www.huntress.com/blog/slashandgrab-screen-connect-post-exploitation-in-the-wild-cve-2024-1709-cve-2024-1708 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-24 modified: 2022-11-28 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_combined_1: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' | iex;' - ' | iex ' - ' | iex}' - ' | IEX ;' - ' | IEX -Error' - ' | IEX (new' - ');IEX ' selection_combined_2: CommandLine|contains: - ::FromBase64String - '.GetString([System.Convert]::' selection_standalone: CommandLine|contains: - )|iex;$ - );iex($ - );iex $ - ' | IEX | ' - ' | iex\"' condition: all of selection_combined_* or selection_standalone falsepositives: - Legitimate scripts that use IEX level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential psexec command that initiate execution on a remote systems via common commandline flags used by the ut. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential PsExec Remote Execution id: ea011323-7045-460b-b2d7-0f7442ea6b38 status: test description: Detects potential psexec command that initiate execution on a remote systems via common commandline flags used by the utility references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec - https://www.poweradmin.com/paexec/ - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-28 modified: 2025-09-01 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1587.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - accepteula - ' -u ' - ' -p ' - ' \\\\' filter_main_localhost: CommandLine|contains: - \\\\localhost - \\\\127. condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Sigma rule for Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Use MSHTA - PowerShell Module id: 07ad2ea8-6a55-4ac6-bf3e-91b8e59676eb related: - id: e55a5195-4724-480e-a77e-3ebe64bd3759 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use MSHTA in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-08 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection: Payload|contains|all: - set - '&&' - mshta - vbscript:createobject - .run - (window.close) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: This detection uses azureactivity logs (Administrative category) to identify the creation or update of a server instance. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Active Directory Hybrid Health AD FS New Server id: 288a39fc-4914-4831-9ada-270e9dc12cb4 status: test description: 'This detection uses azureactivity logs (Administrative category) to identify the creation or update of a server instance in an Azure AD Hybrid health AD FS service. A threat actor can create a new AD Health ADFS service and create a fake server instance to spoof AD FS signing logs. There is no need to compromise an on-prem AD FS server. This can be done programmatically via HTTP requests to Azure. ' references: - https://o365blog.com/post/hybridhealthagent/ author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research), MSTIC date: 2021-08-26 modified: 2023-10-11 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1578 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: CategoryValue: Administrative ResourceProviderValue: Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService ResourceId|contains: AdFederationService OperationNameValue: Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService/services/servicemembers/action condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate AD FS servers added to an AAD Health AD FS service instance level: medium
Query: exploit SQL injection vulnerability in views/zero_transact_user.php in the administrative backend in ZeroCMS 1.3.3, 1.3.2, and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1442. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in views/zero_transact_user.php in the administrative backend in ZeroCMS 1.3.3, 1.3.2, and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the user_id parameter in a Modify Account action. NOTE: The article_id parameter to zero_view_article.php vector is already covered by CVE-2014-4034.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6522. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the WP Symposium plugin before 15.8 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the size parameter to get_album_item.php.
Query: Sigma YAML for linux / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious change of file privileges with chown and chmod commands. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Setuid and Setgid id: c21c4eaa-ba2e-419a-92b2-8371703cbe21 status: test description: Detects suspicious change of file privileges with chown and chmod commands references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1548.001/T1548.001.md author: Ömer Günal date: 2020-06-16 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.001 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection_root: CommandLine|contains: chown root selection_perm: CommandLine|contains: - ' chmod u+s' - ' chmod g+s' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious pare. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious WMIC Execution Via Office Process id: e1693bc8-7168-4eab-8718-cdcaa68a1738 related: - id: 438025f9-5856-4663-83f7-52f878a70a50 type: derived - id: 518643ba-7d9c-4fa5-9f37-baed36059f6a type: obsolete - id: 9d1c72f5-43f0-4da5-9320-648cf2099dd0 type: obsolete - id: c0e1c3d5-4381-4f18-8145-2583f06a1fe5 type: obsolete - id: 04f5363a-6bca-42ff-be70-0d28bf629ead type: obsolete status: test description: Office application called wmic to proxye execution through a LOLBIN process. This is often used to break suspicious parent-child chain (Office app spawns LOLBin). references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/03/29/sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware/ - https://github.com/vadim-hunter/Detection-Ideas-Rules/blob/02bcbfc2bfb8b4da601bb30de0344ae453aa1afe/Threat%20Intelligence/The%20DFIR%20Report/20210329_Sodinokibi_(aka_REvil)_Ransomware.yaml author: Vadim Khrykov, Cyb3rEng date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1204.002 - attack.t1047 - attack.t1218.010 - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \WINWORD.EXE - \EXCEL.EXE - \POWERPNT.exe - \MSPUB.exe - \VISIO.exe - \MSACCESS.EXE - \EQNEDT32.EXE - \ONENOTE.EXE - \wordpad.exe - \wordview.exe selection_wmic_img: - Image|endswith: \wbem\WMIC.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_wmic_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - process - create - call CommandLine|contains: - regsvr32 - rundll32 - msiexec - mshta - verclsid - wscript - cscript condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: SOC alert related to Application Window Discovery
Matching passage: T1010 Application Window Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identifying security tooling ([Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001)) to evade.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020) Adversaries typically abuse system features for this type of enumeration. For example, they may gather information through native system features such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) commands and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.
Near-miss passage: T1201 Password Policy Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts). Password policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as <code>net accounts (/domain)</code>, <code>Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy</code>, <code>chage -l <username></code>, <code>cat /etc/pam.d/common-password</code>, and <code>pwpolicy getaccountpolicies</code> (Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to discover password policy information (e.g. <code>show aaa</code>, <code>show aaa common-criteria policy all</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Password policies can be discovered in cloud environments using available APIs such as <code>GetAccountPasswordPolicy</code> in AWS (Citation: AWS GetPasswordPolicy).