alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: write Sigma for Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - New VPN SSL Web Portal Added id: 2bfb6216-0c31-4d20-8501-2629b29a3fa2 status: experimental description: 'Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with modification of VPN SSL settings. ' references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/113121765/config-vpn-ssl-web-portal - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: vpn.ssl.web.portal condition: selection falsepositives: - A VPN SSL Web Portal can be added for legitimate purposes. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Koadic hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Koadic Execution id: 5cddf373-ef00-4112-ad72-960ac29bac34 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Koadic hack tool references: - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/ - https://github.com/offsecginger/koadic/blob/457f9a3ff394c989cdb4c599ab90eb34fb2c762c/data/stager/js/stdlib.js - https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-koadic-a-com-based-rootkit/ author: wagga, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community date: 2020-01-12 modified: 2023-02-11 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 - attack.t1059.005 - attack.t1059.007 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \cmd.exe - OriginalFileName: Cmd.Exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - /q - /c - chcp condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: detect Detects the use of the 'setcap' utility to set the 'setuid' capability (cap_setuid) on a binary file. This capability al in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the 'setcap' utility to set the 'setuid' capability (cap_setuid) on a binary file. This capability al. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Linux Setuid Capability Set on a Binary via Setcap Utility id: ed447910-bc30-4575-a598-3a2e49516a7a status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of the ''setcap'' utility to set the ''setuid'' capability (cap_setuid) on a binary file. This capability allows a non privileged process to make arbitrary manipulations of user IDs (UIDs), including setting its current UID to a value that would otherwise be restricted (i.e. UID 0, the root user). This behavior can be used by adversaries to backdoor a binary in order to escalate privileges again in the future if needed. ' references: - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/setcap.8.html - https://dfir.ch/posts/linux_capabilities/ - https://juggernaut-sec.com/capabilities/#cap_setuid author: Luc Génaux date: 2026-01-24 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1548 - attack.t1554 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /setcap CommandLine|contains: cap_setuid condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects network connections to Visual Studio Code tunnel domains initiated by a process on a system. Attackers can abuse. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated To Visual Studio Code Tunnels Domain id: 4b657234-038e-4ad5-997c-4be42340bce4 related: - id: 9501f8e6-8e3d-48fc-a8a6-1089dd5d7ef4 type: similar - id: b3e6418f-7c7a-4fad-993a-93b65027a9f1 type: similar - id: 1cb0c6ce-3d00-44fc-ab9c-6d6d577bf20b type: similar status: test description: 'Detects network connections to Visual Studio Code tunnel domains initiated by a process on a system. Attackers can abuse that feature to establish a reverse shell or persistence on a machine. ' references: - https://ipfyx.fr/post/visual-studio-code-tunnel/ - https://badoption.eu/blog/2023/01/31/code_c2.html - https://cydefops.com/vscode-data-exfiltration author: Kamran Saifullah date: 2023-11-20 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1567 - attack.t1572 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationHostname|endswith: .tunnels.api.visualstudio.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Visual Studio Code tunnel will also trigger this. level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3344
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3344. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Course module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a node title.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9361. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The Related Posts plugin before 1.8.2 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in the MovieClip object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8442. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the MovieClip object implementation in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted filters property value, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2601. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, JRockit R28.3.6, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via vectors related to JCE.
Query: write Sigma for Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Hydra Password Bruteforce Execution id: aaafa146-074c-11eb-adc1-0242ac120002 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool references: - https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra author: Vasiliy Burov date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 - attack.t1110.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '-u ' - '-p ' CommandLine|contains: - ^USER^ - ^PASS^ condition: selection falsepositives: - Software that uses the caret encased keywords PASS and USER in its command line level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a user that doesn't have permissions to invite a guest user attempts to invite one.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Guest User Invited By Non Approved Inviters id: 0b4b72e3-4c53-4d5b-b198-2c58cfef39a9 status: test description: Detects when a user that doesn't have permissions to invite a guest user attempts to invite one. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-accounts#things-to-monitor author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Yochana Henderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-10 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Invite external user Status: failure condition: selection falsepositives: - A non malicious user is unaware of the proper process level: medium
Query: explain T1654 Log Enumeration
Matching passage: T1654 Log Enumeration. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)), or hosts within a compromised network ([Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018)). Host binaries may be leveraged to collect system logs. Examples include using `wevtutil.exe` or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) on Windows to access and/or export security event information.(Citation: WithSecure Lazarus-NoPineapple Threat Intel Report 2023)(Citation: Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor) In cloud environments, adversaries may leverage utilities such as the Azure VM Agent’s `CollectGuestLogs.exe` to collect security logs from cloud hosted infrastructure.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) Adversaries may also target centralized logging infrastructure such as SIEMs. Logs may also be bulk exported and sent to adversary-controlled infrastructure for offline analysis. In addition to gaining a better understanding of the environment, adversaries may also monitor logs in real time to track incident response procedures. This may allow them to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: Permiso GUI-Vil 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1069.002 Domain Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators. Commands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.
Query: vulnerability: Directory traversal vulnerability in the template function in function.inc in Accellion File Transfer Appliance devices before FTA_9_11_210 allows remote attackers to read arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2856. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in the template function in function.inc in Accellion File Transfer Appliance devices before FTA_9_11_210 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the statecode cookie.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9287. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Directory Traversal was discovered in University of Cambridge mod_ucam_webauth before 2.0.2. The key identification field ("kid") of the IdP's HTTP response message ("WLS-Response") can be manipulated by an attacker. The "kid" field is not signed like the rest of the message, and manipulation is therefore trivial. The "kid" field should only ever represent an integer. However, it is possible to provide any string value. An attacker could use this to their advantage to force the application agent to load the RSA public key required for message integrity checking from an unintended location.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Binary Padding
Matching passage: T1027.001 Binary Padding. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. Binary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ)
Near-miss passage: T1027.004 Compile After Delivery. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as ilasm.exe(Citation: ATTACK IQ), csc.exe, or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018) Source code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)
Query: secure coding against Empty Synchronized Block
Matching passage: CWE-585 Empty Synchronized Block. The product contains an empty synchronized block.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1262 Improper Access Control for Register Interface. The product uses memory-mapped I/O registers that act as an interface to hardware functionality from software, but there is improper access control to those registers.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5618
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5618. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. Chiyu BF-630 and BF-630W fingerprint access-control devices allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and (1) read or (2) modify (a) Voice Time Set configuration settings via a request to voice.htm or (b) UniFinger configuration settings via a request to bf.htm, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2871.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0869. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. I-O DATA DEVICE NP-BBRM routers allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SSDP reflection) via UPnP requests.
Query: actor TTPs: Input Capture
Matching passage: T1056 Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).
Near-miss passage: T1056.003 Web Portal Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service. This variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)
Query: exploit WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.2, Safari before 9.0.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and appli
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7098. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.2, Safari before 9.0.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7048, CVE-2015-7095, CVE-2015-7096, CVE-2015-7097, CVE-2015-7099, CVE-2015-7100, CVE-2015-7101, CVE-2015-7102, and CVE-2015-7103.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5917. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. The glob implementation in tnftpd (formerly lukemftpd), as used in Apple OS X before 10.11, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and daemon outage) via a STAT command containing a crafted pattern, as demonstrated by multiple instances of the {..,..,..}/* substring.
Query: what is T1059.010
Matching passage: T1059.010 AutoHotKey & AutoIT. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may execute commands and perform malicious tasks using AutoIT and AutoHotKey automation scripts. AutoIT and AutoHotkey (AHK) are scripting languages that enable users to automate Windows tasks. These automation scripts can be used to perform a wide variety of actions, such as clicking on buttons, entering text, and opening and closing programs.(Citation: AutoIT)(Citation: AutoHotKey) Adversaries may use AHK (`.ahk`) and AutoIT (`.au3`) scripts to execute malicious code on a victim's system. For example, adversaries have used for AHK to execute payloads and other modular malware such as keyloggers. Adversaries have also used custom AHK files containing embedded malware as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) payloads.(Citation: Splunk DarkGate) These scripts may also be compiled into self-contained executable payloads (`.exe`).(Citation: AutoIT)(Citation: AutoHotKey)
Near-miss passage: T1059.001 PowerShell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the <code>Start-Process</code> cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the <code>Invoke-Command</code> cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems). PowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk. A number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack) PowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the <code>powershell.exe</code> binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying <code>System.Management.Automation</code> assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web sc
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6494. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Infinite Automation Mango Automation 2.5.x and 2.6.x before 2.6.0 build 430 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9306. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The wp-ultimate-csv-importer plugin before 3.8.1 for WordPress has XSS.
Query: explain CWE-83
Matching passage: CWE-83 Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page. The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes javascript: or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.
Near-miss passage: CWE-202 Exposure of Sensitive Information Through Data Queries. When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1695
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1695. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Journal file, aka "Windows Journal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1675, CVE-2015-1696, CVE-2015-1697, CVE-2015-1698, and CVE-2015-1699.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3640. CWE: CWE-94. CVSS: 7.5. phpMyBackupPro 2.5 and earlier does not properly escape the "." character in request parameters, which allows remote authenticated users with knowledge of a web-accessible and web-writeable directory on the target system to inject and execute arbitrary PHP scripts by injecting scripts via the path, filename, and dirs parameters to scheduled.php, and making requests to injected scripts.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Data from Local System
Matching passage: T1005 Data from Local System. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration. Adversaries may do this using a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), such as [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) as well as a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008), which have functionality to interact with the file system to gather information.(Citation: show_run_config_cmd_cisco) Adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on the local system.
Near-miss passage: T1114.002 Remote Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office 365, or Google Workspace to access email using credentials or access tokens. Tools such as [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to automate searches for specific keywords.