alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by DNS Server
Matching passage: T1584.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations. By compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Additionally, adversaries may leverage such control in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004) to redirect traffic to adversary-controlled infrastructure, mimicking normal trusted network communications.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019) Alternatively, they may be able to prove ownership of a domain to a SaaS service in order to assert control of the service or create a new administrative [Cloud Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003).(Citation: CyberCX SaaS Domain Hijacking 2025) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)
Near-miss passage: T1584.006 Web Services. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)), [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567), or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. Additionally, leveraging compromised web-based email services may allow adversaries to leverage the trust associated with legitimate domains.
Query: vulnerability: The Java overlay feature in IBM Bluemix Liberty before 1.13-20150209-1122 for Java does not properly support WAR applications, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive inf
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0178. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Java overlay feature in IBM Bluemix Liberty before 1.13-20150209-1122 for Java does not properly support WAR applications, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3251. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Apache CloudStack before 4.5.2 might allow remote authenticated administrators to obtain sensitive password information for root accounts of virtual machines via unspecified vectors related to API calls.
Query: ATT&CK technique for External Remote Services
Matching passage: T1133 External Remote Services. Tactics: persistence, initial access. Description: Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gateways that manage connections and credential authentication for these services. Services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) and [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) can also be used externally.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop) Access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use the service is often a requirement, which could be obtained through credential pharming or by obtaining the credentials from users after compromising the enterprise network.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging) Access to remote services may be used as a redundant or persistent access mechanism during an operation. Access may also be gained through an exposed service that doesn’t require authentication. In containerized environments, this may include an exposed Docker API, Kubernetes API server, kubelet, or web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard.(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) Adversaries may also establish persistence on network by configuring a Tor hidden service on a compromised system. Adversaries may utilize the tool `ShadowLink` to facilitate the installation and configuration of the Tor hidden service. Tor hidden service is then accessible via the Tor network because `ShadowLink` sets up a .onion address on the compromised system. `ShadowLink` may be used to forward any inbound connections to RDP, allowing the adversaries to have remote access.(Citation: The BadPilot campaign) Adversaries may get `ShadowLink` to persist on a system by masquerading it as an MS Defender application.(Citation: Russian threat actors dig in,
Near-miss passage: T1556.004 Network Device Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices. [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password. The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch. Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)
Query: write Sigma for Detects creation of a scheduled task with a GUID like name
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of a scheduled task with a GUID like name. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Scheduled Task Name As GUID id: ff2fff64-4cd6-4a2b-ba7d-e28a30bbe66b status: test description: Detects creation of a scheduled task with a GUID like name references: - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/10/31/follina-exploit-leads-to-domain-compromise/ - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/02/21/qbot-and-zerologon-lead-to-full-domain-compromise/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-31 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.t1053.005 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: \schtasks.exe CommandLine|contains: '/Create ' selection_tn: CommandLine|contains: - /TN "{ - /TN '{ - /TN { selection_end: CommandLine|contains: - '}"' - '}''' - '} ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate software naming their tasks as GUIDs level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a DNS server error in which a specified plugin DLL (in registry) could not be loaded. Logsource: windows / dns-server. Rule: title: DNS Server Error Failed Loading the ServerLevelPluginDLL id: cbe51394-cd93-4473-b555-edf0144952d9 related: - id: e61e8a88-59a9-451c-874e-70fcc9740d67 type: derived - id: f63b56ee-3f79-4b8a-97fb-5c48007e8573 type: derived status: test description: Detects a DNS server error in which a specified plugin DLL (in registry) could not be loaded references: - https://medium.com/@esnesenon/feature-not-bug-dnsadmin-to-dc-compromise-in-one-line-a0f779b8dc83 - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc735829(v=ws.10).aspx - https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/861641945944391680 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-05-08 modified: 2023-02-05 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: product: windows service: dns-server detection: selection: EventID: - 150 - 770 - 771 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit The Zone-Based Firewall implementation in Cisco IOS 15.4(2)T3 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted network traffic that trig
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0592. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Zone-Based Firewall implementation in Cisco IOS 15.4(2)T3 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted network traffic that triggers incorrect kernel-timer handling, aka Bug ID CSCuh25672.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0711. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The hamgr service in the IPv6 Proxy Mobile (PM) implementation in Cisco StarOS 18.1.0.59776 on ASR 5000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (service reload and call-processing outage) via malformed PM packets, aka Bug ID CSCut94711.
Query: secure coding against Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Matching passage: CWE-359 Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product does not properly prevent a person's private, personal information from being accessed by actors who either (1) are not explicitly authorized to access the information or (2) do not have the implicit consent of the person about whom the information is collected.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1290 Incorrect Decoding of Security Identifiers. The product implements a decoding mechanism to decode certain bus-transaction signals to security identifiers. If the decoding is implemented incorrectly, then untrusted agents can now gain unauthorized access to the asset.
Query: hunt for Msiexec activity
Matching passage: T1218.007 Msiexec. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) The Msiexec.exe binary may also be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it may be signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1218.010 Regsvr32. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32) Malicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a "Squiblydoo" and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov) Regsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1141
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1141. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The mach_vm_read functionality in the kernel in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows local users to cause a denial of service (system crash) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7636. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.252 and 19.x before 19.0.0.207 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.535 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.213, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.213, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.213 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7629, CVE-2015-7631, CVE-2015-7635, CVE-2015-7637, CVE-2015-7638, CVE-2015-7639, CVE-2015-7640, CVE-2015-7641, CVE-2015-7642, CVE-2015-7643, and CVE-2015-7644.
Query: SIEM correlation: stealth activity consistent with Rootkit
Matching passage: T1014 Rootkit. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits) Rootkits or rootkit enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system or lower, to include a hypervisor or [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001). (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit) Rootkits have been seen for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X systems. (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit) Rootkits that reside or modify boot sectors are known as [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003)s and specifically target the boot process of the operating system.
Near-miss passage: T1542.002 Component Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking. Malicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.
Query: mitigate Security Support Provider
Matching passage: T1547.005 Security Support Provider. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\OSConfig\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1547.010 Port Monitors. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use port monitors to run an adversary supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup.(Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\Windows\System32</code> and will be loaded and run by the print spooler service, `spoolsv.exe`, under SYSTEM level permissions on boot.(Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to the `Driver` value of an existing or new arbitrarily named subkey of <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Monitors</code>. The Registry key contains entries for the following: * Local Port * Standard TCP/IP Port * USB Monitor * WSD Port
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vec
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4883. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u101, 7u85, and 8u60, and Java SE Embedded 8u51, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to RMI, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4860.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6388. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Central software 1.3(0.1) allows remote attackers to conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks via a crafted request, aka Bug ID CSCux33575.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4644
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4644. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The php_pgsql_meta_data function in pgsql.c in the PostgreSQL (aka pgsql) extension in PHP before 5.4.42, 5.5.x before 5.5.26, and 5.6.x before 5.6.10 does not validate token extraction for table names, which might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a crafted name. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-1352.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4884. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Application Object Library component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Single Signon.
Query: common weakness: Inclusion of Sensitive Information in Test Code
Matching passage: CWE-531 Inclusion of Sensitive Information in Test Code. Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.
Near-miss passage: CWE-233 Improper Handling of Parameters. The product does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7020
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7020. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.599999904632568. The NVIDIA driver in the Graphics Drivers subsystem in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and system crash) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7019.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7065. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. OpenGL in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, and tvOS before 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site.
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in the management console in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1491. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.0. SQL injection vulnerability in the management console in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8153. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before RU6-MP4 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: An issue was discovered in BEdita before 3.7.0. A cross-site scripting (XSS) attack occurs via a crafted pages/showObjects URI, as demonstrated by appending a payload to a pages/sh
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9260. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. An issue was discovered in BEdita before 3.7.0. A cross-site scripting (XSS) attack occurs via a crafted pages/showObjects URI, as demonstrated by appending a payload to a pages/showObjects/2/0/0/leafs URI.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6037. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Microsoft Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 and 2013 SP1, Office Web Apps 2010 SP2, Excel Web App 2010 SP2, Office Web Apps Server 2013 SP1, and SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "Microsoft Office Web Apps XSS Spoofing Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Ex
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6069. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6081.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3769. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. IOFireWireFamily in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3771 and CVE-2015-3772.
Query: risk of A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Thimo Grauerholz WP-Spreadplugin up to 3.8.6.1 on WordPress. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file spreadplugin
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10132. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Thimo Grauerholz WP-Spreadplugin up to 3.8.6.1 on WordPress. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file spreadplugin.php. The manipulation of the argument Spreadplugin leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 3.8.6.6 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is a9b9afc641854698e80aa5dd9ababfc8e0e57d69. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-261676.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8861. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The handlebars package before 4.0.0 for Node.js allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks by leveraging a template with an attribute that is not quoted.