alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CWE for Improper Handling of Windows Device Names
Matching passage: CWE-67 Improper Handling of Windows Device Names. The product constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.
Near-miss passage: CWE-120 Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow'). The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
Query: exploit The SRX Network Security Daemon (nsd) in Juniper SRX Series services gateways with Junos 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D50, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D35, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D25, and 12.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5363. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 5.0. The SRX Network Security Daemon (nsd) in Juniper SRX Series services gateways with Junos 12.1X44 before 12.1X44-D50, 12.1X46 before 12.1X46-D35, 12.1X47 before 12.1X47-D25, and 12.3X48 before 12.3X48-D15 allows remote DNS servers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted DNS response.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0081. CWE: CWE-19. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Windows Text Services (WTS) in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "WTS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Query: vulnerability: Froxlor before 0.9.33.2 with the default configuration/setup might allow remote attackers to obtain the database password by reading /logs/sql-error.log.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5959. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Froxlor before 0.9.33.2 with the default configuration/setup might allow remote attackers to obtain the database password by reading /logs/sql-error.log.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0902. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Semper Fi All in One SEO Pack plugin before 2.2.6 for WordPress does not consider the presence of password protection during generation of the Meta Description field, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading HTML source code.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the image load of VSS DLL by uncommon executables
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the image load of VSS DLL by uncommon executables. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Suspicious Volume Shadow Copy Vssapi.dll Load id: 37774c23-25a1-4adb-bb6d-8bb9fd59c0f8 related: - id: 333cdbe8-27bb-4246-bf82-b41a0dca4b70 type: similar - id: 48bfd177-7cf2-412b-ad77-baf923489e82 type: similar status: test description: Detects the image load of VSS DLL by uncommon executables references: - https://github.com/ORCx41/DeleteShadowCopies author: frack113 date: 2022-10-31 modified: 2026-05-18 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \vssapi.dll filter_main_windows: - Image: - C:\Windows\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\ImmersiveControlPanel\SystemSettings.exe - Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\Temp\{ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ - C:\$WinREAgent\Scratch\ filter_main_program_files: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ filter_main_null_image: Image: null filter_optional_programdata_packagecache: Image|startswith: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\ filter_optional_avira: Image|contains|all: - \temp\is- - \avira_system_speedup.tmp condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Download Via Bitsadmin id: d059842b-6b9d-4ed1-b5c3-5b89143c6ede status: test description: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file references: - https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-download-a-file/#bitsadmin - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/22264 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Bitsadmin/ author: Michael Haag, FPT.EagleEye date: 2017-03-09 modified: 2023-02-15 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 - attack.s0190 - attack.t1036.003 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \bitsadmin.exe - OriginalFileName: bitsadmin.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: ' /transfer ' selection_cli_1: CommandLine|contains: - ' /create ' - ' /addfile ' selection_cli_2: CommandLine|contains: http condition: selection_img and (selection_cmd or all of selection_cli_*) falsepositives: - Some legitimate apps use this, but limited. level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_bitsadmin_download/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Windows - BITSAdmin BITS Download technique: T1105 atomic_guid: a1921cd3-9a2d-47d5-a891-f1d0f2a7a31b
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "findstr" with specific flags and a remote share path. This specific set of CLI flags would allow ". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote File Download Via Findstr.EXE id: 587254ee-a24b-4335-b3cd-065c0f1f4baa related: - id: bf6c39fc-e203-45b9-9538-05397c1b4f3f type: obsolete status: test description: 'Detects execution of "findstr" with specific flags and a remote share path. This specific set of CLI flags would allow "findstr" to download the content of the file located on the remote share as described in the LOLBAS entry. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Findstr/ - https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/ - https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f author: Furkan CALISKAN, @caliskanfurkan_, @oscd_initiative, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2024-03-05 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.command-and-control - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.t1564.004 - attack.t1552.001 - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_findstr: - CommandLine|contains: findstr - Image|endswith: findstr.exe - OriginalFileName: FINDSTR.EXE selection_cli_download_1: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -v ' selection_cli_download_2: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -l ' selection_cli_download_3: CommandLine|contains: \\\\ condition: selection_findstr and all of selection_cli_download_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects downloads from PwnDrp web servers developed for red team testing and most likely also used for criminal activity. Logsource: proxy. Rule: title: PwnDrp Access id: 2b1ee7e4-89b6-4739-b7bb-b811b6607e5e status: test description: Detects downloads from PwnDrp web servers developed for red team testing and most likely also used for criminal activity references: - https://breakdev.org/pwndrop/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2020-04-15 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.001 - attack.t1102.001 - attack.t1102.003 logsource: category: proxy detection: selection: c-uri|contains: /pwndrop/ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Query: secure coding against Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering
Matching passage: CWE-198 Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1123 Excessive Use of Self-Modifying Code. The product uses too much self-modifying code.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5416
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5416. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unspecified vulnerability in HP KeyView before 10.23.0.1 and 10.24.x before 10.24.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors, aka ZDI-CAN-2875.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0370. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Core RDBMS component in Oracle Database Server 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, and 12.1.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-5858.
Query: risk of The IPv6 snooping functionality in the first-hop security subsystem in Cisco IOS 12.2, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5 and IOS XE 3.2SE, 3.3SE, 3.3XO, 3.4SG, 3.5E, and 3.6E 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6278. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The IPv6 snooping functionality in the first-hop security subsystem in Cisco IOS 12.2, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5 and IOS XE 3.2SE, 3.3SE, 3.3XO, 3.4SG, 3.5E, and 3.6E before 3.6.3E; 3.7E before 3.7.2E; 3.9S and 3.10S before 3.10.6S; 3.11S before 3.11.4S; 3.12S and 3.13S before 3.13.3S; and 3.14S before 3.14.2S does not properly implement the Control Plane Protection (aka CPPr) feature, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via a flood of ND packets, aka Bug ID CSCus19794.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8899. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Dnsmasq before 2.76 allows remote servers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a reply with an empty DNS address that has an (1) A or (2) AAAA record defined locally.
Query: actor TTPs: DNS Server
Matching passage: T1583.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations. By running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1583 Acquire Infrastructure. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Some infrastructure providers offer free trial periods, enabling infrastructure acquisition at limited to no cost.(Citation: Free Trial PurpleUrchin) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these infrastructure solutions allows adversaries to stage, launch, and execute operations. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contacting third-party web services or acquiring infrastructure to support [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090), including from residential proxy services.(Citation: amnesty_nso_pegasus)(Citation: FBI Proxies Credential Stuffing)(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Microsoft 365 2022) Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.
Query: intelligence brief on T1071.003
Matching passage: T1071.003 Mail Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Near-miss passage: T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. The DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) DNS beaconing may be used to send commands to remote systems via DNS queries. A DNS beacon is created by tunneling DNS traffic (i.e. [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572)). The commands may be embedded into different DNS records, for example, TXT or A records.(Citation: OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government) DNS beacons may be difficult to detect because the beacons infrequently communicate with infected devices.(Citation: DNS Beacons) Infrequent communication conceals the malicious DNS traffic with normal DNS traffic.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7057
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7057. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. otools in Apple Xcode before 7.2 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted mach-o file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7049.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5102. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5094, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5103, CVE-2015-5104, and CVE-2015-5115.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5367
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5367. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. The HP lt4112 LTE/HSPA+ Gobi 4G module with firmware before 12.500.00.15.1803 on EliteBook, ElitePad, Elite, ProBook, Spectre, ZBook, and mt41 Thin Client devices allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6020. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.0. ZyXEL PMG5318-B20A devices with firmware 1.00AANC0b5 allow remote authenticated users to obtain administrative privileges by leveraging access to the user account.
Query: risk of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1750. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1732, CVE-2015-1742, CVE-2015-1747, and CVE-2015-1753.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1846. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. unzoo allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and resource consumption) via unspecified vectors to the (1) ExtrArch or (2) ListArch function, related to pointer handling.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2524
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2524. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Task Management Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2528.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7430. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.399999618530273. The Hadoop connector 1.1.1, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.7.0-0 before 2.7.0-3 for IBM Spectrum Scale and General Parallel File System (GPFS) allows local users to read or write to arbitrary GPFS data via unspecified vectors.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6013
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6013. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.5.0, 8.5.1, and 8.5.2 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Outside In Filters, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4808, CVE-2015-6014, CVE-2015-6015, and CVE-2016-0432. NOTE: the previous information is from the January 2016 CPU. Oracle has not commented on third-party claims that this issue is a stack-based buffer overflow in Oracle Outside In 8.5.2 and earlier, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted WK4 file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0474. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.4.1, 8.5.0, and 8.5.1 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Outside In Filters, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0493.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5345
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5345. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. The Mapper component in Apache Tomcat 6.x before 6.0.45, 7.x before 7.0.68, 8.x before 8.0.30, and 9.x before 9.0.0.M2 processes redirects before considering security constraints and Filters, which allows remote attackers to determine the existence of a directory via a URL that lacks a trailing / (slash) character.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7683. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 4.0. Absolute path traversal vulnerability in Font.php in the Font plugin before 7.5.1 for WordPress allows remote administrators to read arbitrary files via a full pathname in the url parameter to AjaxProxy.php.
Query: detect Detects usage of HollowReaper, a process hollowing shellcode launcher used for stealth payload execution through process in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of HollowReaper, a process hollowing shellcode launcher used for stealth payload execution through process. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - HollowReaper Execution id: 85d23b42-9a9d-4f8f-b3d7-d2733c1d58f5 status: experimental description: 'Detects usage of HollowReaper, a process hollowing shellcode launcher used for stealth payload execution through process hollowing. It replaces the memory of a legitimate process with custom shellcode, allowing the attacker to execute payloads under the guise of trusted binaries. ' references: - https://github.com/vari-sh/RedTeamGrimoire/tree/b5e7635d34db6e1f0398d8847e8f293186e947c5/HollowReaper author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-07-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \HollowReaper.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects programs that connect to known malware callback ports based on statistical analysis from two different sandbox s. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Malware Callback Communication id: 4b89abaa-99fe-4232-afdd-8f9aa4d20382 related: - id: 6d8c3d20-a5e1-494f-8412-4571d716cf5c type: similar status: test description: 'Detects programs that connect to known malware callback ports based on statistical analysis from two different sandbox system databases ' references: - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17pSTDNpa0sf6pHeRhusvWG6rThciE8CsXTSlDUAZDyo author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-19 modified: 2024-03-12 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1571 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationPort: - 100 - 198 - 200 - 243 - 473 - 666 - 700 - 743 - 777 - 1443 - 1515 - 1777 - 1817 - 1904 - 1960 - 2443 - 2448 - 3360 - 3675 - 3939 - 4040 - 4433 - 4438 - 4443 - 4444 - 4455 - 5445 - 5552 - 5649 - 6625 - 7210 - 7777 - 8143 - 8843 - 9631 - 9943 - 10101 - 12102 - 12103 - 12322 - 13145 - 13394 - 13504 - 13505 - 13506 - 13507 - 14102 - 14103 - 14154 - 49180 - 65520 - 65535 filter_main_local_ranges: DestinationIp|cidr: - 127.0.0.0/8 - 10.0.0.0/8 - 172.16.0.0/12 - 192.168.0.0/16 - 169.254.0.0/16 - ::1/128 - fe80::/10 - fc00::/7 filter_optional_sys_directories: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: EDR alert: possible Code Repositories (T1213.003)
Matching passage: T1213.003 Code Repositories. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git. Once adversaries gain access to a victim network or a private code repository, they may collect sensitive information such as proprietary source code or [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552) contained within software's source code. Having access to software's source code may allow adversaries to develop [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004), while credentials may provide access to additional resources using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: Wired Uber Breach)(Citation: Krebs Adobe) **Note:** This is distinct from [Code Repositories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/003), which focuses on conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043) via public code repositories.
Near-miss passage: T1213.002 Sharepoint. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint: * Policies, procedures, and standards * Physical / logical network diagrams * System architecture diagrams * Technical system documentation * Testing / development credentials (i.e., [Unsecured Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552)) * Work / project schedules * Source code snippets * Links to network shares and other internal resources