alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain T1505.001 SQL Stored Procedures
Matching passage: T1505.001 SQL Stored Procedures. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted). Adversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) Microsoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR)
Near-miss passage: T1505.002 Transport Agent. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. Adversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary.
Query: detection rule: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Detected Windows Software Discovery id: e13f668e-7f95-443d-98d2-1816a7648a7b related: - id: 2650dd1a-eb2a-412d-ac36-83f06c4f2282 type: derived status: test description: Adversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518/T1518.md - https://github.com/harleyQu1nn/AggressorScripts author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-16 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1518 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - query - \software\ - /v - svcversion condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when the a stored procedure is set or cleared for automatic execution in MSSQL. A stored procedure that is set t. Logsource: windows / application. Rule: title: MSSQL SPProcoption Set id: b3d57a5c-c92e-4b48-9a79-5f124b7cf964 status: test description: Detects when the a stored procedure is set or cleared for automatic execution in MSSQL. A stored procedure that is set to automatic execution runs every time an instance of SQL Server is started references: - https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-procoption-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-13 modified: 2024-06-26 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: product: windows service: application definition: 'Requirements: MSSQL audit policy to monitor for "sp_procoption" must be enabled in order to receive this event in the application log' detection: selection: Provider_Name|contains: MSSQL EventID: 33205 Data|contains|all: - object_name:sp_procoption - statement:EXEC condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the feature by administrators (rare) level: high
Query: vulnerability: net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3 does not properly manage the relationship between a lock and a socket, which allows local users to cause a denial of service
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8767. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3 does not properly manage the relationship between a lock and a socket, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (deadlock) via a crafted sctp_accept call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8839. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 5.099999904632568. Multiple race conditions in the ext4 filesystem implementation in the Linux kernel before 4.5 allow local users to cause a denial of service (disk corruption) by writing to a page that is associated with a different user's file after unsynchronized hole punching and page-fault handling.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the use of IOX - a tool for port forwarding and intranet proxy purposes
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of IOX - a tool for port forwarding and intranet proxy purposes. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA- IOX Tunneling Tool Execution id: d7654f02-e04b-4934-9838-65c46f187ebc status: test description: Detects the use of IOX - a tool for port forwarding and intranet proxy purposes references: - https://github.com/EddieIvan01/iox author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-08 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1090 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \iox.exe selection_commandline: CommandLine|contains: - '.exe fwd -l ' - '.exe fwd -r ' - '.exe proxy -l ' - '.exe proxy -r ' selection_hashes: Hashes|contains: - MD5=9DB2D314DD3F704A02051EF5EA210993 - SHA1=039130337E28A6623ECF9A0A3DA7D92C5964D8DD - SHA256=C6CF82919B809967D9D90EA73772A8AA1C1EB3BC59252D977500F64F1A0D6731 condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect attempt to enable auditing of TTY input. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Linux Keylogging with Pam.d id: 49aae26c-450e-448b-911d-b3c13d178dfc status: test description: Detect attempt to enable auditing of TTY input references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1056.001/T1056.001.md - https://linux.die.net/man/8/pam_tty_audit - https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/sec-configuring_pam_for_auditing - https://access.redhat.com/articles/4409591#audit-record-types-2 author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-05-24 modified: 2022-12-18 tags: - attack.collection - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003 - attack.t1056.001 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection_path_events: type: PATH name: - /etc/pam.d/system-auth - /etc/pam.d/password-auth selection_tty_events: type: - TTY - USER_TTY condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Administrative work level: high
Query: exploit AppleKeyStore in Apple iOS before 8.3 does not properly restrict a certain passcode-confirmation interface, which makes it easier for attackers to verify correct passcode guesses v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1085. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. AppleKeyStore in Apple iOS before 8.3 does not properly restrict a certain passcode-confirmation interface, which makes it easier for attackers to verify correct passcode guesses via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5645. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.5. ICZ MATCHA SNS before 1.3.7 allows remote authenticated users to obtain administrative privileges via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8402. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0370. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Core RDBMS component in Oracle Database Server 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, and 12.1.0.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-5858.
Query: Sigma rule for Turn off logging locally or remote
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Turn off logging locally or remote. Logsource: cisco / aaa. Rule: title: Cisco Disabling Logging id: 9e8f6035-88bf-4a63-96b6-b17c0508257e status: test description: Turn off logging locally or remote references: - https://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/security/command/reference/sec_a2.pdf author: Austin Clark date: 2019-08-11 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: cisco service: aaa detection: keywords: - no logging - no aaa new-model condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects DLLs loading from a spoofed Windows directory path with an extra space (e.g "C:\Windows \System32") which can by. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Trusted Path Bypass via Windows Directory Spoofing id: 0cbe38c0-270c-41d9-ab79-6e5a9a669290 related: - id: 4ac47ed3-44c2-4b1f-9d51-bf46e8914126 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects DLLs loading from a spoofed Windows directory path with an extra space (e.g "C:\Windows \System32") which can bypass Windows trusted path verification. This technique tricks Windows into treating the path as trusted, allowing malicious DLLs to load with high integrity privileges bypassing UAC. ' references: - https://x.com/Wietze/status/1933495426952421843 author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-06-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.007 - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|contains: - :\Windows \System32\ - :\Windows \SysWOW64\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: Sigma YAML for azure / activitylogs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a Point-to-site VPN is Modified or Deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Point-to-site VPN Modified or Deleted id: d9557b75-267b-4b43-922f-a775e2d1f792 status: test description: Identifies when a Point-to-site VPN is Modified or Deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-08 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/RESET/ACTION - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/GENERATEVPNPROFILE/ACTION - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/DISCONNECTP2SVPNCONNECTIONS/ACTION - MICROSOFT.NETWORK/P2SVPNGATEWAYS/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.INSIGHTS/DIAGNOSTICSETTINGS/WRITE condition: selection falsepositives: - Point-to-site VPN being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Point-to-site VPN modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that m. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell Timestomp id: c6438007-e081-42ce-9483-b067fbef33c3 status: test description: 'Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1070.006/T1070.006.md - https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/timestomp/ author: frack113 date: 2021-08-03 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.006 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_ioc: ScriptBlockText|contains: - .CreationTime = - .LastWriteTime = - .LastAccessTime = - '[IO.File]::SetCreationTime' - '[IO.File]::SetLastAccessTime' - '[IO.File]::SetLastWriteTime' condition: selection_ioc falsepositives: - Legitimate admin script level: medium
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Emptoris Strategic Supply Management Platform and Emptoris Program Management 10.x before 10.0.1.4_iFix3, 10.0.2.x before 10.0.2.7_i
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4971. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IBM Emptoris Strategic Supply Management Platform and Emptoris Program Management 10.x before 10.0.1.4_iFix3, 10.0.2.x before 10.0.2.7_iFix1, 10.0.3.x before 10.0.3.2, and 10.0.4.x before 10.0.4.0_iFix1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9370. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Invoices Add-on for iThemes Exchange before 1.4.0 for WordPress has XSS via add_query_arg() and remove_query_arg().
Query: Suspicious Data from Removable Media execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1025 Data from Removable Media. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information. Some adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on removable media.
Near-miss passage: T1114.003 Email Forwarding Rule. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules) Any user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) In some environments, administrators may be able to enable email forwarding rules that operate organization-wide rather than on individual inboxes. For example, Microsoft Exchange supports transport rules that evaluate all mail an organization receives against user-specified conditions, then performs a user-specified action on mail that adheres to those conditions.(Citation: Microsof
Query: describe CVE-2015-8800
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8800. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Symantec Embedded Security: Critical System Protection (SES:CSP) 1.0.x before 1.0 MP5, Embedded Security: Critical System Protection for Controllers and Devices (SES:CSP) 6.5.0 before MP1, Critical System Protection (SCSP) before 5.2.9 MP6, Data Center Security: Server Advanced Server (DCS:SA) 6.x before 6.5 MP1 and 6.6 before MP1, and Data Center Security: Server Advanced Server and Agents (DCS:SA) through 6.6 MP1 allow remote authenticated users to conduct argument-injection attacks by leveraging certain named-pipe access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7544. CWE: CWE-74. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. redhat-support-plugin-rhev in Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager (aka RHEV Manager) before 3.6 allows remote authenticated users with the SuperUser role on any Entity to execute arbitrary commands on any host in the RHEV environment.
Query: explain CWE-573
Matching passage: CWE-573 Improper Following of Specification by Caller. The product does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1117 Callable with Insufficient Behavioral Summary. The code contains a function or method whose signature and/or associated inline documentation does not sufficiently describe the callable's inputs, outputs, side effects, assumptions, or return codes.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3754
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3754. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The private-browsing implementation in WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8 does not prevent caching of HTTP authentication credentials, which makes it easier for remote attackers to track users via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2214. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. NetCat 5.01 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain the installation path via the redirect_url parameter to netshop/post.php.
Query: exploit Resource Data Management Data Manager before 2.2 allows remote authenticated users to modify arbitrary passwords via unspecified vectors.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6470. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.5. Resource Data Management Data Manager before 2.2 allows remote authenticated users to modify arbitrary passwords via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0486. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u40 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Deployment.
Query: risk of unzoo allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and resource consumption) via unspecified vectors to the (1) ExtrArch or (2) ListArch function, related to
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1846. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. unzoo allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and resource consumption) via unspecified vectors to the (1) ExtrArch or (2) ListArch function, related to pointer handling.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3000. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. SysAid Help Desk before 15.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a large number of nested entity references in an XML document to (1) /agententry, (2) /rdsmonitoringresponse, or (3) /androidactions, aka an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.