alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2415
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2415. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3, Excel 2010 SP2, Excel 2013 SP1, Excel 2013 RT SP1, and Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0014. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in the Telnet service in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted packets, aka "Windows Telnet Service Buffer Overflow Vulnerability."
Query: describe CVE-2015-3886
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3886. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. libinfinity before 0.6.6-1 does not validate expired SSL certificates, which allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2330. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 7.5. Late TLS certificate verification in WebKitGTK+ prior to 2.6.6 allows remote attackers to view a secure HTTP request, including, for example, secure cookies.
Query: exploit upload.php in the Powerplay Gallery plugin 3.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to create arbitrary directories via vectors related to the targetDir variable.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5682. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. upload.php in the Powerplay Gallery plugin 3.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to create arbitrary directories via vectors related to the targetDir variable.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1448. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 10.0. The integrated management service on Siemens Ruggedcom WIN51xx devices with firmware before SS4.4.4624.35, WIN52xx devices with firmware before SS4.4.4624.35, WIN70xx devices with firmware before BS4.4.4621.32, and WIN72xx devices with firmware before BS4.4.4621.32 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and perform administrative actions via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8414
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8414. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0491. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 5.0u81, 6u91, 7u76, and 8u40, and Java FX 2.2.76, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to 2D, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0459.
Query: exploit The kernel in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly validate an unspecified address, which allows local u
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1674. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The kernel in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly validate an unspecified address, which allows local users to bypass the KASLR protection mechanism, and consequently discover the cng.sys base address, via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3714. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. Apple OS X before 10.10.4 does not properly consider custom resource rules during app signature verification, which allows attackers to bypass intended launch restrictions via a modified app.
Query: common weakness: Invokable Control Element with Excessive File or Data Access Operations
Matching passage: CWE-1084 Invokable Control Element with Excessive File or Data Access Operations. A function or method contains too many operations that utilize a data manager or file resource.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1118 Insufficient Documentation of Error Handling Techniques. The documentation does not sufficiently describe the techniques that are used for error handling, exception processing, or similar mechanisms.
Query: risk of The Gemalto SafeNet Luna HSM allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended key-export restrictions by leveraging (1) crypto-user or (2) crypto-officer access to an HSM parti
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5464. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 1.2999999523162842. The Gemalto SafeNet Luna HSM allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended key-export restrictions by leveraging (1) crypto-user or (2) crypto-officer access to an HSM partition.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8680. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The Graphics driver in Huawei P8 smartphones with software GRA-TL00 before GRA-TL00C01B230, GRA-CL00 before GRA-CL00C92B230, GRA-CL10 before GRA-CL10C92B230, GRA-UL00 before GRA-UL00C00B230, and GRA-UL10 before GRA-UL10C00B230, and Mate S smartphones with software CRR-TL00 before CRR-TL00C01B160SP01, CRR-UL00 before CRR-UL00C00B160, and CRR-CL00 before CRR-CL00C92B161 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) or gain privileges via a crafted application with the graphics permission, aka an "interface access control vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8307.
Query: detection rule: Detects call to "Win32_QuickFixEngineering" in order to enumerate installed hotfixes often used in "enum" scripts by att
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects call to "Win32_QuickFixEngineering" in order to enumerate installed hotfixes often used in "enum" scripts by att. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell Hotfix Enumeration id: f5d1def8-1de0-4a0e-9794-1f6f27dd605c status: test description: Detects call to "Win32_QuickFixEngineering" in order to enumerate installed hotfixes often used in "enum" scripts by attackers references: - https://github.com/411Hall/JAWS/blob/233f142fcb1488172aa74228a666f6b3c5c48f1d/jaws-enum.ps1 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-21 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Win32_QuickFixEngineering - HotFixID condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration scripts level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects loading of kernel modules with insmod command. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loa. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Loading of Kernel Module via Insmod id: 106d7cbd-80ff-4985-b682-a7043e5acb72 status: test description: 'Detects loading of kernel modules with insmod command. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. Adversaries may use LKMs to obtain persistence within the system or elevate the privileges. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1547.006/T1547.006.md - https://linux.die.net/man/8/insmod - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/kmod.8.html author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-11-02 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1547.006 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: SYSCALL comm: insmod exe: /usr/bin/kmod condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: telemetry for T1542.003
Matching passage: T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)
Near-miss passage: T1542.002 Component Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking. Malicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.
Query: CWE for Use After Free
Matching passage: CWE-416 Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Near-miss passage: CWE-669 Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres. The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.
Query: hunt for VNC activity
Matching passage: T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)
Near-miss passage: T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009), such as Azure Serial Console(Citation: Azure Serial Console), AWS EC2 Instance Connect(Citation: EC2 Instance Connect)(Citation: lucr-3: Getting SaaS-y in the cloud), and AWS System Manager.(Citation: AWS System Manager). Methods of authentication for these connections can include passwords, application access tokens, or SSH keys. These cloud native methods may, by default, allow for privileged access on the host with SYSTEM or root level access. Adversaries may utilize these cloud native methods to directly access virtual infrastructure and pivot through an environment.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) These connections typically provide direct console access to the VM rather than the execution of scripts (i.e., [Cloud Administration Command](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651)).
Query: describe CVE-2015-2378
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2378. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.900000095367432. Untrusted search path vulnerability in Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3, Excel 2010 SP2, Excel Viewer 2007 SP3, and Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in the current working directory, aka "Microsoft Excel DLL Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5371. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. The AuthenticationFilter class in SolarWinds Storage Manager allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary scripts via unspecified vectors.
Query: threat report mentioning System Location Discovery
Matching passage: T1614 System Location Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Adversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021) Adversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)
Near-miss passage: T1614.001 System Language Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check) There are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) For example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language</code> or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions <code>GetUserDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetSystemDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetKeyboardLayoutList</code> and <code>GetUserDefaultLangID</code>.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) On a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query <code>locale</code> to retrieve the value of the <code>$LANG</code> environment variable.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5791
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5791. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in JavaScriptCore in Apple iOS before 9 and iTunes before 12.3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9202. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, while processing the content headers in the Playready module, a buffer overread may occur if the header count exceeds the expected value.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8734
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8734. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_nwp function in epan/dissectors/packet-nwp.c in the NWP dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 mishandles the packet type, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8741. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_ppi function in epan/dissectors/packet-ppi.c in the PPI dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not initialize a packet-header data structure, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ocPortal before 9.0.17 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) title or (2) text 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2677. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in ocPortal before 9.0.17 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) title or (2) text field in the cms_calendar page to cms/index.php; unspecified fields in (3) the cms_polls page to cms/index.php or (4) a new topic in the topics page to forum/index.php; or (5) a new PT (private topic/private message) in the topics page to forum/index.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3219. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Orchestration/Stack section in OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) 2014.2 before 2014.2.4 and 2015.1.x before 2015.1.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the description parameter in a heat template, which is not properly handled in the help_text attribute in the Field class.
Query: write Sigma for Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: Suspicious Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing - Sysmon id: f356a9c4-effd-4608-bbf8-408afd5cd006 related: - id: 0d18728b-f5bf-4381-9dcf-915539fff6c2 type: similar status: test description: Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons references: - https://www.icebrg.io/blog/footprints-of-fin7-tracking-actor-patterns - https://www.sekoia.io/en/hunting-and-detecting-cobalt-strike/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-11-09 modified: 2023-01-16 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection1: QueryName|startswith: - aaa.stage. - post.1 selection2: QueryName|contains: .stage.123456. condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell module creation where the module Contents are set to "function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter". T. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Potential RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.EXE Abuse - PowerShell ScriptBlock id: cacef8fc-9d3d-41f7-956d-455c6e881bc5 related: - id: a6fc3c46-23b8-4996-9ea2-573f4c4d88c5 type: similar - id: f65e22f9-819e-4f96-9c7b-498364ae7a25 type: similar - id: 38a7625e-b2cb-485d-b83d-aff137d859f4 type: similar status: test description: Detects PowerShell module creation where the module Contents are set to "function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter". This could be a sign of potential abuse of the "RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe" binary which is known to be vulnerable to module load-order hijacking. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218/T1218.md - https://github.com/redcanaryco/AtomicTestHarnesses/blob/7e1e4da116801e3d6fcc6bedb207064577e40572/TestHarnesses/T1218_SignedBinaryProxyExecution/InvokeRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand.ps1 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: bade5735-5ab0-4aa7-a642-a11be0e40872 detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|startswith: function Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter { condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3804
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3804. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. FontParser in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5756 and CVE-2015-5775.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5783. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. IOGraphics in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3770.