alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: containment actions for Multiple failed authentications followed by Systemctl
Matching passage: Playbook for T1569.003 Systemctl. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1569.003. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may abuse systemctl to execute commands or programs. Systemctl is the primary interface for systemd, the Linux init system and service manager. Typically invoked from a shell, Systemctl can also be integrated into scripts or applications. Adversaries may use systemctl to execute commands or programs as [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002)s. Common subcommand
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1569 System Services. Different response path focused on execution.
Query: weakness Double Decoding of the Same Data
Matching passage: CWE-174 Double Decoding of the Same Data. The product decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.
Near-miss passage: CWE-579 J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session. The product stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6139
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6139. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge mishandle content types, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary web script in a privileged context via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7266. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) OpenRTB 2.3 protocol implementation might allow remote attackers to conceal the status of ad transactions and potentially compromise bid integrity by leveraging failure to limit the time between bid responses and impression notifications, aka the Amnesia Bug.
Query: write Sigma for Detects when an attacker tries to modify an already existing scheduled tasks to run from a suspicious location Attackers
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an attacker tries to modify an already existing scheduled tasks to run from a suspicious location Attackers. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Modification Of Scheduled Tasks id: 1c0e41cd-21bb-4433-9acc-4a2cd6367b9b related: - id: 614cf376-6651-47c4-9dcc-6b9527f749f4 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects when an attacker tries to modify an already existing scheduled tasks to run from a suspicious location Attackers can create a simple looking task in order to avoid detection on creation as it''s often the most focused on Instead they modify the task after creation to include their malicious payload ' references: - Internal Research - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/schtasks author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-28 modified: 2022-11-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.t1053.005 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_schtasks: Image|endswith: \schtasks.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - ' /Change ' - ' /TN ' selection_susp_locations: CommandLine|contains: - \AppData\Local\Temp - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Users\Public\ - \WINDOWS\Temp\ - \Desktop\ - \Downloads\ - \Temporary Internet - C:\ProgramData\ - C:\Perflogs\ - '%ProgramData%' - '%appdata%' - '%comspec%' - '%localappdata%' selection_susp_images: CommandLine|contains: - regsvr32 - rundll32 - 'cmd /c ' - 'cmd /k ' - 'cmd /r ' - 'cmd.exe /c ' - 'cmd.exe /k ' - 'cmd.exe /r ' - powershell - mshta - wscript - cscript - certutil - bitsadmin - bash.exe - 'bash ' - scrcons - 'wmic ' - wmic.exe - forfiles - scriptrunner - hh.exe - 'hh ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries can interact with the DACLs using built-in Windows commands takeown which can grant adversaries higher permi. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Recursive Takeown id: 554601fb-9b71-4bcc-abf4-21a611be4fde status: test description: Adversaries can interact with the DACLs using built-in Windows commands takeown which can grant adversaries higher permissions on specific files and folders references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/takeown - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1222.001/T1222.001.md#atomic-test-1---take-ownership-using-takeown-utility author: frack113 date: 2022-01-30 modified: 2022-11-21 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1222.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \takeown.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - '/f ' - /r condition: selection falsepositives: - Scripts created by developers and admins - Administrative activity level: medium
Query: defense impairment using Domain Controller Authentication
Matching passage: T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)). Skeleton key works through a patch on an enterprise domain controller authentication process (LSASS) with credentials that adversaries may use to bypass the standard authentication system. Once patched, an adversary can use the injected password to successfully authenticate as any domain user account (until the the skeleton key is erased from memory by a reboot of the domain controller). Authenticated access may enable unfettered access to hosts and/or resources within single-factor authentication environments.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)
Near-miss passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8456
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8456. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8439.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1545. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The deref_parseCtrl function in servers/slapd/overlays/deref.c in OpenLDAP 2.4.13 through 2.4.40 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via an empty attribute list in a deref control in a search request.
Query: how to detect Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Near-miss passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Query: exploit sudoedit in Sudo before 1.8.15 allows local users to gain privileges via a symlink attack on a file whose full path is defined using multiple wildcards in /etc/sudoers, as demonstr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5602. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. sudoedit in Sudo before 1.8.15 allows local users to gain privileges via a symlink attack on a file whose full path is defined using multiple wildcards in /etc/sudoers, as demonstrated by "/home/*/*/file.txt."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4304. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.0. The web framework in Cisco Prime Collaboration Assurance before 10.5.1.53684-1 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions, and create administrative accounts or read data from arbitrary tenant domains, via a crafted URL, aka Bug IDs CSCus62671 and CSCus62652.
Query: exploit The XML parser in Cisco Prime Service Catalog before 10.1 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via an
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0581. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The XML parser in Cisco Prime Service Catalog before 10.1 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, as demonstrated by reading private keys, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue, aka Bug ID CSCup92880.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8402. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0633
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0633. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Integrated Management Controller (IMC) in Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 1.4(7h) and earlier on C-Series servers allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by sending crafted DHCP response packets on the local network, aka Bug ID CSCuf52876.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9052. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in LTE where an assertion can be reached while processing a downlink message.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching SQL Stored Procedures
Matching passage: T1505.001 SQL Stored Procedures. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted). Adversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) Microsoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR)
Near-miss passage: T1505 Server Software Component. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious components to extend and abuse server applications.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW)
Query: stealth using Domain Accounts
Matching passage: T1078.002 Domain Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts) Adversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.
Near-miss passage: T1078.003 Local Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. Local Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2574
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2574. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 10 allows local users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Text Utilities.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3636. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The ping_unhash function in net/ipv4/ping.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0.3 does not initialize a certain list data structure during an unhash operation, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free and system crash) by leveraging the ability to make a SOCK_DGRAM socket system call for the IPPROTO_ICMP or IPPROTO_ICMPV6 protocol, and then making a connect system call after a disconnect.
Query: detection rule: Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organ
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organ. Logsource: github / audit. Rule: title: Outdated Dependency Or Vulnerability Alert Disabled id: 34e1c7d4-0cd5-419d-9f1b-1dad3f61018d status: test description: 'Dependabot performs a scan to detect insecure dependencies, and sends Dependabot alerts. This rule detects when an organization owner disables Dependabot alerts private repositories or Dependabot security updates for all repositories. ' author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2023-01-27 references: - https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-alerts/about-dependabot-alerts - https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/keeping-your-organization-secure/managing-security-settings-for-your-organization/managing-security-and-analysis-settings-for-your-organization tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1195.001 logsource: product: github service: audit definition: 'Requirements: The audit log streaming feature must be enabled to be able to receive such logs. You can enable following the documentation here: https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin/monitoring-activity-in-your-enterprise/reviewing-audit-logs-for-your-enterprise/streaming-the-audit-log-for-your-enterprise#setting-up-audit-log-streaming' detection: selection: action: - dependabot_alerts_new_repos.disable - dependabot_alerts.disable - dependabot_security_updates_new_repos.disable - dependabot_security_updates.disable - repository_vulnerability_alerts.disable condition: selection falsepositives: - Approved changes by the Organization owner. Please validate the 'actor' if authorized to make the changes. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive in a PowerShell script. This technique is often used as a method to l. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Suspicious FromBase64String Usage On Gzip Archive - Ps Script id: df69cb1d-b891-4cd9-90c7-d617d90100ce related: - id: d75d6b6b-adb9-48f7-824b-ac2e786efe1f type: similar status: test description: Detects attempts of decoding a base64 Gzip archive in a PowerShell script. This technique is often used as a method to load malicious content into memory afterward. references: - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=43 author: frack113 date: 2022-12-23 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1132.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - FromBase64String - MemoryStream - H4sI condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4836
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4836. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.799999952316284. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.45 and earlier, and 5.6.26 and earlier, allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : SP.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3707. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The FireWire driver in IOFireWireFamily in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted app.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9409
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9409. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The alo-easymail plugin before 2.6.01 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS in pages/alo-easymail-admin-options.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8379. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. CakePHP 2.x and 3.x before 3.1.5 might allow remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection mechanism via the _method parameter.
Query: exploit Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.277 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.134 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.451 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or caus
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0332. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.277 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.134 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.451 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0333, CVE-2015-0335, and CVE-2015-0339.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2565. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Installed Base component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.4, 12.0.6, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Create Item Instance.