alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: what is T1083
Matching passage: T1083 File and Directory Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. Many command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include <code>dir</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>ls</code>, <code>find</code>, and <code>locate</code>.(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather file and directory information (e.g. <code>dir</code>, <code>show flash</code>, and/or <code>nvram</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Some files and directories may require elevated or specific user permissions to access.
Near-miss passage: T1120 Peripheral Device Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system.(Citation: Peripheral Discovery Linux)(Citation: Peripheral Discovery macOS) Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities such as keyboards, printers, cameras, smart card readers, or removable storage. The information may be used to enhance their awareness of the system and network environment or may be used for further actions.
Query: detection rule: Detects DNS queries made by the finger utility, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for exe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects DNS queries made by the finger utility, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for exe. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS Query by Finger Utility id: c082c2b0-525b-4dbc-9a26-a57dc4692074 related: - id: 2fdaf50b-9fd5-449f-ba69-f17248119af6 type: similar - id: af491bca-e752-4b44-9c86-df5680533dbc type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects DNS queries made by the finger utility, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for execution on Windows devices. In one ClickFix malware campaign, adversaries leveraged the finger protocol to fetch commands from a remote server. Since the finger utility is not commonly used in modern Windows environments, its presence already raises suspicion. Investigating such DNS queries can also help identify potential malicious infrastructure used by threat actors for command and control (C2) communication. ' references: - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/decades-old-finger-protocol-abused-in-clickfix-malware-attacks/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-11-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection: Image|endswith: \finger.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Use of reg to get MachineGuid information. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Query of MachineGUID id: f5240972-3938-4e56-8e4b-e33893176c1f status: test description: Use of reg to get MachineGuid information references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1082/T1082.md#atomic-test-8---windows-machineguid-discovery author: frack113 date: 2022-01-01 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1082 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \reg.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography - '/v ' - MachineGuid condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Query: exploit IBM Security SiteProtector System 3.0 before 3.0.0.7, 3.1 before 3.1.0.4, and 3.1.1 before 3.1.1.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0160. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.0. IBM Security SiteProtector System 3.0 before 3.0.0.7, 3.1 before 3.1.0.4, and 3.1.1 before 3.1.1.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privileges via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6619. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The kernel in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka internal bug 23520714.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5324
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5324. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request to queue/api.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8994. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. An issue was discovered in PHP 5.x and 7.x, when the configuration uses apache2handler/mod_php or php-fpm with OpCache enabled. With 5.x after 5.6.28 or 7.x after 7.0.13, the issue is resolved in a non-default configuration with the opcache.validate_permission=1 setting. The vulnerability details are as follows. In PHP SAPIs where PHP interpreters share a common parent process, Zend OpCache creates a shared memory object owned by the common parent during initialization. Child PHP processes inherit the SHM descriptor, using it to cache and retrieve compiled script bytecode ("opcode" in PHP jargon). Cache keys vary depending on configuration, but filename is a central key component, and compiled opcode can generally be run if a script's filename is known or can be guessed. Many common shared-hosting configurations change EUID in child processes to enforce privilege separation among hosted users (for example using mod_ruid2 for the Apache HTTP Server, or php-fpm user settings). In these scenarios, the default Zend OpCache behavior defeats script file permissions by sharing a single SHM cache among all child PHP processes. PHP scripts often contain sensitive information: Think of CMS configurations where reading or running another user's script usually means gaining privileges to the CMS database.
Query: detect Detects when a browser process or browser tab is launched from an application that handles document files such as Adobe, in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a browser process or browser tab is launched from an application that handles document files such as Adobe,. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Suspicious Browser Launch From Document Reader Process id: 1193d960-2369-499f-a158-7b50a31df682 status: test description: 'Detects when a browser process or browser tab is launched from an application that handles document files such as Adobe, Microsoft Office, etc. And connects to a web application over http(s), this could indicate a possible phishing attempt. ' references: - https://app.any.run/tasks/69c5abaa-92ad-45ba-8c53-c11e23e05d04/ - https://app.any.run/tasks/64043a79-165f-4052-bcba-e6e49f847ec1/ author: Joseph Kamau date: 2024-05-27 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: ParentImage|contains: - Acrobat Reader - Microsoft Office - PDF Reader Image|endswith: - \brave.exe - \chrome.exe - \firefox.exe - \msedge.exe - \opera.exe - \maxthon.exe - \seamonkey.exe - \vivaldi.exe CommandLine|contains: http filter_main_microsoft_help: CommandLine|contains: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/ filter_optional_foxit: CommandLine|contains: - http://ad.foxitsoftware.com/adlog.php? - https://globe-map.foxitservice.com/go.php?do=redirect condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unlikely in most cases, further investigation should be done in the commandline of the browser process to determine the context of the URL accessed. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a EFS Fileshare is modified or deleted. You can't delete a file system that is in use. If the file system h. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS EFS Fileshare Modified or Deleted id: 25cb1ba1-8a19-4a23-a198-d252664c8cef status: test description: 'Detects when a EFS Fileshare is modified or deleted. You can''t delete a file system that is in use. If the file system has any mount targets, the adversary must first delete them, so deletion of a mount will occur before deletion of a fileshare. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/API_DeleteFileSystem.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-15 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: elasticfilesystem.amazonaws.com eventName: DeleteFileSystem condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Adobe ColdFusion 10 before Update 16 and 11 before Update 5 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecifi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0345. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Adobe ColdFusion 10 before Update 16 and 11 before Update 5 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4272. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the ccmivr page in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (formerly CallManager) 10.5(2.10000.5) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted parameter, aka Bug ID CSCut19580.
Query: exploit bsdtar in libarchive before 3.2.0 returns a success code without filling the entry when the header is a "split file in multivolume RAR," which allows remote attackers to cause a de
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8916. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 6.5. bsdtar in libarchive before 3.2.0 returns a success code without filling the entry when the header is a "split file in multivolume RAR," which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via a crafted rar file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9127. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, and SD 810, possible null pointer dereference occurs due to failure of memory allocation when a large value is passed for buffer allocation in the Playready App.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6495
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6495. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. There is Sensitive Information in Cloudera Manager before 5.4.6 Diagnostic Support Bundles.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3184. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. mod_authz_svn in Apache Subversion 1.7.x before 1.7.21 and 1.8.x before 1.8.14, when using Apache httpd 2.4.x, does not properly restrict anonymous access, which allows remote anonymous users to read hidden files via the path name.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1001
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1001. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in IniNet embeddedWebServer (aka eWebServer) before 2.02 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long field in an HTTP request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5815. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iTunes before 12.3, allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via vectors related to iTunes Store browsing, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-09-16-3.
Query: incident response steps for Suspicious AutoHotKey & AutoIT execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1059.010 AutoHotKey & AutoIT. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1059.010. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: execution. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may execute commands and perform malicious tasks using AutoIT and AutoHotKey automation scripts. AutoIT and AutoHotkey (AHK) are scripting languages that enable users to automate Windows tasks. These automation scripts can be used to perform a wide variety of actions, such as clicking on buttons, entering text, and opening and closing programs.(Citation: AutoIT)(Citation: AutoHotKey) A
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1059.013 Container CLI/API. Different response path focused on execution.
Query: how to detect Windows Credential Manager
Matching passage: T1555.004 Windows Credential Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker) The Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker. Credential Lockers store credentials in encrypted `.vcrd` files, located under `%Systemdrive%\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\\[Vault/Credentials]\`. The encryption key can be found in a file named <code>Policy.vpol</code>, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault) Adversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may also gather credentials by directly reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Windows APIs, such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code>, may also be absued to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager) Adversaries may also obtain credentials from credential backups. Credential backups and restorations may be performed by running <code>rundll32.exe keymgr.dll KRShowKeyMgr</code> then selecting the “Back up...” button on the “Stored User Names and Pas
Near-miss passage: T1555 Credentials from Password Stores. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications and services that store passwords to make them easier for users to manage and maintain, such as password managers and cloud secrets vaults. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.
Query: adversary uses Disable or Modify Cloud Log
Matching passage: T1685.002 Disable or Modify Cloud Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may disable or modify cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. Cloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an adversary has sufficient permissions, they can disable or modify logging to avoid detection of their activities. For example, in AWS an adversary may disable CloudWatch/CloudTrail integrations prior to conducting further malicious activity. They may alternatively tamper with logging functionality, for example, by removing any associated SNS topics, disabling multi-region logging, or disabling settings that validate and/or encrypt log files.(Citation: AWS Cloud Trail)(Citation: Pacu Detection Disruption Module) In Office 365, an adversary may disable logging on mail collection activities for specific users by using the Set-MailboxAuditBypassAssociation cmdlet, by disabling M365 Advanced Auditing for the user, or by downgrading the user’s license from an Enterprise E5 to an Enterprise E3 license.(Citation: Dark Reading)
Near-miss passage: T1685 Disable or Modify Tools. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable, degrade, or tamper with security tools or applications (e.g., endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, intrusion detection systems (IDS), antivirus, logging agents, sensors, etc.) to impair or reduce visibility of defensive capabilities. This may include stopping specific services, killing processes, modifying or deleting tool configuration files and Registry keys, or preventing tools from updating. This may also include impairing defenses more broadly by disrupting preventative, detection, and response mechanisms across host, network, and cloud environments.(Citation: SCADAfence_ransomware) In addition to directly targeting tools, adversaries may block or manipulate indicators and telemetry used for detection. This includes maliciously disabling or redirecting sensors such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), modifying event log configurations (e.g., redirecting Security logs), or interfering with logging pipelines and forwarding mechanisms (e.g., SIEM ingestion).(Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017)(Citation: ETW Palantir) More advanced techniques include leveraging legitimate drivers or debugging mechanisms to render tools non-functional, bypassing anti-tampering protections, and targeting specific defenses such as Sysmon or cloud monitoring agents. Adversaries may also disrupt broader defensive operations, including update mechanisms, logging infrastructure (e.g., syslog), or event aggregation, further degrading an organization’s ability to detect and respond to malicious activity.(Citation: Cocomazzi FIN7 Reboot)
Query: exploit sosreport 3.2 uses weak permissions for generated sosreport archives, which allows local users with access to /var/tmp/ to obtain sensitive information by reading the contents of t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3171. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.5. sosreport 3.2 uses weak permissions for generated sosreport archives, which allows local users with access to /var/tmp/ to obtain sensitive information by reading the contents of the archive.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3762. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Text Formats component in Apple OS X before 10.10.5, as used in TextEdit, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a text file containing an XML external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Query: detect Detects suspicious computer name samtheadmin-{1..100}$ generated by hacktool in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious computer name samtheadmin-{1..100}$ generated by hacktool. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Win Susp Computer Name Containing Samtheadmin id: 39698b3f-da92-4bc6-bfb5-645a98386e45 status: test description: Detects suspicious computer name samtheadmin-{1..100}$ generated by hacktool references: - https://twitter.com/malmoeb/status/1511760068743766026 - https://github.com/helloexp/0day/blob/614227a7b9beb0e91e7e2c6a5e532e6f7a8e883c/00-CVE_EXP/CVE-2021-42287/sam-the-admin/sam_the_admin.py author: elhoim date: 2022-09-09 modified: 2023-01-04 tags: - attack.initial-access - cve.2021-42278 - cve.2021-42287 - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 logsource: service: security product: windows detection: selection1: SamAccountName|startswith: SAMTHEADMIN- SamAccountName|endswith: $ selection2: TargetUserName|startswith: SAMTHEADMIN- TargetUserName|endswith: $ condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the rare use of the command line tool shutdown to logoff a user. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Execution of Shutdown to Log Out id: ec290c06-9b6b-4338-8b6b-095c0f284f10 status: test description: Detects the rare use of the command line tool shutdown to logoff a user references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/9e5b12c4912c07562aec7500447b11fa3e17e254/atomics/T1529/T1529.md - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown author: frack113 date: 2022-10-01 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1529 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \shutdown.exe CommandLine|contains: /l condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: detection rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Rundll32 in Scripts
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Rundll32 in Scripts. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Use Rundll32 - PowerShell Module id: 88a22f69-62f9-4b8a-aa00-6b0212f2f05a related: - id: a5a30a6e-75ca-4233-8b8c-42e0f2037d3b type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via use Rundll32 in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2019-10-08 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_4103: Payload|contains|all: - '&&' - rundll32 - shell32.dll - shellexec_rundll Payload|contains: - value - invoke - comspec - iex condition: selection_4103 falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to Internet Explorer's (IE / Windows Internet properties) ZoneMap configuration of the "HTTP" and "HTTPS. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: IE ZoneMap Setting Downgraded To MyComputer Zone For HTTP Protocols Via CLI id: 10344bb3-7f65-46c2-b915-2d00d47be5b0 related: - id: 3fd4c8d7-8362-4557-a8e6-83b29cc0d724 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to Internet Explorer''s (IE / Windows Internet properties) ZoneMap configuration of the "HTTP" and "HTTPS" protocols to point to the "My Computer" zone. This allows downloaded files from the Internet to be granted the same level of trust as files stored locally. ' references: - https://twitter.com/M_haggis/status/1699056847154725107 - https://twitter.com/JAMESWT_MHT/status/1699042827261391247 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/browsers/security-privacy/ie-security-zones-registry-entries - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/339ff720c74dc44265b917b6d3e3ba0411d61f3cd3c328e9a2bae81592c8a6e5/content author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-09-05 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - \Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\ZoneMap\ProtocolDefaults - http - ' 0' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high