alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CWE for Improper Handling of Missing Values
Matching passage: CWE-230 Improper Handling of Missing Values. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.
Near-miss passage: CWE-587 Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer. The product sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2494
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2494. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2486, CVE-2015-2487, CVE-2015-2490, CVE-2015-2492, CVE-2015-2498, and CVE-2015-2499.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3633. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. Foxit Reader, Enterprise Reader, and PhantomPDF before 7.1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via vectors related to digital signatures.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the addition of a new "Allow" firewall rule by the WMI process (WmiPrvSE.EXE). This can occur if an attacker lev
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a new "Allow" firewall rule by the WMI process (WmiPrvSE.EXE). This can occur if an attacker lev. Logsource: windows / firewall-as. Rule: title: New Firewall Rule Added In Windows Firewall Exception List Via WmiPrvSE.EXE id: eca81e8d-09e1-4d04-8614-c91f44fd0519 status: test description: 'Detects the addition of a new "Allow" firewall rule by the WMI process (WmiPrvSE.EXE). This can occur if an attacker leverages PowerShell cmdlets such as "New-NetFirewallRule", or directly uses WMI CIM classes such as "MSFT_NetFirewallRule". ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1562.004/T1562.004.md#atomic-test-24---set-a-firewall-rule-using-new-netfirewallrule - https://malware.news/t/the-rhysida-ransomware-activity-analysis-and-ties-to-vice-society/72170 - https://cybersecuritynews.com/rhysida-ransomware-attacking-windows/ author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-05-10 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: product: windows service: firewall-as detection: selection: EventID: - 2004 - 2071 - 2097 Action: 3 ModifyingApplication|endswith: :\Windows\System32\wbem\WmiPrvSE.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator scripts or activity. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the installation of the Azure Hybrid Connection Manager service to allow remote code execution from Azure functi. Logsource: windows / registry_event. Rule: title: HybridConnectionManager Service Installation - Registry id: ac8866c7-ce44-46fd-8c17-b24acff96ca8 status: test description: Detects the installation of the Azure Hybrid Connection Manager service to allow remote code execution from Azure function. references: - https://twitter.com/Cyb3rWard0g/status/1381642789369286662 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2021-04-12 modified: 2022-11-27 tags: - attack.resource-development - attack.t1608 logsource: category: registry_event product: windows detection: selection1: TargetObject|contains: \Services\HybridConnectionManager selection2: EventType: SetValue Details|contains: Microsoft.HybridConnectionManager.Listener.exe condition: selection1 or selection2 falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: explain CWE-277
Matching passage: CWE-277 Insecure Inherited Permissions. A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.
Near-miss passage: CWE-408 Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification. The product allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6383
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6383. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Cisco IOS XE 15.4(3)S on ASR 1000 devices improperly loads software packages, which allows local users to bypass license restrictions and obtain certain root privileges by using the CLI to enter crafted filenames, aka Bug ID CSCuv93130.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3727. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.7, 7.x before 7.1.7, and 8.x before 8.0.7, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and other products, does not properly restrict rename operations on WebSQL tables, which allows remote attackers to access an arbitrary web site's database via a crafted web site.
Query: SIEM correlation: exfiltration activity consistent with Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol
Matching passage: T1048.003 Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.(Citation: copy_cmd_cisco) Adversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields.
Near-miss passage: T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol.
Query: explain CWE-439
Matching passage: CWE-439 Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment. A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.
Near-miss passage: CWE-532 Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File. The product writes sensitive information to a log file.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8922
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8922. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 5.5. The read_CodersInfo function in archive_read_support_format_7zip.c in libarchive before 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via a crafted 7z file, related to the _7z_folder struct.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8750. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 6.5. libdwarf 20151114 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via a debug_abbrev section marked NOBITS in an ELF file.
Query: exploit Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Ado
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5560. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 10.0. Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8875. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Multiple integer overflows in the (1) pixops_composite_nearest, (2) pixops_composite_color_nearest, and (3) pixops_process functions in pixops/pixops.c in gdk-pixbuf before 2.33.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted image, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
Query: risk of SafeNet Authentication Service Windows Logon Agent uses a weak ACL for unspecified installation directories and executable modules, which allows local users to gain privileges by m
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7966. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. SafeNet Authentication Service Windows Logon Agent uses a weak ACL for unspecified installation directories and executable modules, which allows local users to gain privileges by modifying an executable module, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7965.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5217. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. providers/saml2/admin.py in the Identity Provider (IdP) server in Ipsilon 0.1.0 before 1.0.1 does not properly check permissions to update the SAML2 Service Provider (SP) owner, which allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via a duplicate SP name.
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and lo
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and lo. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) Execution id: e76ca062-4de0-4d79-8d90-160a0d335eca status: experimental description: 'Detects execution of the Kernel Driver Utility (KDU) tool. KDU can be used to bypass driver signature enforcement and load unsigned or malicious drivers into the Windows kernel. Potentially allowing for privilege escalation, persistence, or evasion of security controls. ' references: - https://github.com/h4rmy/KDU - https://huntress.com/blog/esxi-vm-escape-exploit author: Matt Anderson, Dray Agha, Anna Pham (Huntress) date: 2026-01-02 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1543.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \kdu.exe - \hamakaze.exe - OriginalFileName: hamakaze.exe selection_cli_suspicious: CommandLine|contains: - '-map ' - '-prv ' - '-dse ' - '-ps ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate driver development, testing, or administrative troubleshooting (e.g., enabling/disabling hardware) level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_pua_kdu_driver_tool/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the dump of highly sensitive files such as "NTDS.DIT" and "SECURITY" hive. Attackers can leverage the "wbadmin". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Sensitive File Dump Via Wbadmin.EXE id: 8b93a509-1cb8-42e1-97aa-ee24224cdc15 status: test description: 'Detects the dump of highly sensitive files such as "NTDS.DIT" and "SECURITY" hive. Attackers can leverage the "wbadmin" utility in order to dump sensitive files that might contain credential or sensitive information. ' references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/2cc01b01132b5c304027a658c698ae09dd6a92bf/yml/OSBinaries/Wbadmin.yml - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Wbadmin/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wbadmin-start-recovery - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wbadmin-start-backup author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2024-05-10 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wbadmin.exe - OriginalFileName: WBADMIN.EXE selection_backup: CommandLine|contains: - start - backup selection_path: CommandLine|contains: - \config\SAM - \config\SECURITY - \config\SYSTEM - \Windows\NTDS\NTDS.dit condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate backup operation by authorized administrators. Matches must be investigated and allowed on a case by case basis. level: high
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Unified Web Interaction Manager in Cisco Unified Web and E-Mail Interaction Manager allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web scri
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0655. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Unified Web Interaction Manager in Cisco Unified Web and E-Mail Interaction Manager allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to a POST request, aka Bug ID CSCus74184.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4072. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Helpdesk Pro plugin before 1.4.0 for Joomla! allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to name and message.
Query: intelligence brief on T1069.002
Matching passage: T1069.002 Domain Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators. Commands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.
Near-miss passage: T1069 Permission Groups Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions. Adversaries may attempt to discover group permission settings in many different ways. This data may provide the adversary with information about the compromised environment that can be used in follow-on activity and targeting.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)
Query: risk of Use-after-free vulnerability in the Connect function in the WESPMonitor.WESPMonitorCtrl.1 ActiveX control in WebGate eDVR Manager allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2096. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in the Connect function in the WESPMonitor.WESPMonitorCtrl.1 ActiveX control in WebGate eDVR Manager allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an invalid IP address and a page reload.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7616. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The ANVerifyComments method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6722, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Query: alert when Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse pro
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse pro. Logsource: linux / network_connection. Rule: title: Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated - Linux id: c4568f5d-131f-4e78-83d4-45b2da0ec4f1 status: test description: 'Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet. Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls. ' references: - https://localtonet.com/documents/supported-tunnels - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io) date: 2024-06-17 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1572 - attack.t1090 - attack.t1102 logsource: category: network_connection product: linux detection: selection: DestinationHostname|endswith: - .localto.net - .localtonet.com Initiated: 'true' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the LocaltoNet service. level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of new ".dll" files inside the plugins directory of a notepad++ installation by a process other than "g. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via Notepad++ Plugins id: 54127bd4-f541-4ac3-afdb-ea073f63f692 status: test description: Detects creation of new ".dll" files inside the plugins directory of a notepad++ installation by a process other than "gup.exe". Which could indicates possible persistence references: - https://pentestlab.blog/2022/02/14/persistence-notepad-plugins/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-10 modified: 2025-09-01 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \Notepad++\plugins\ TargetFilename|endswith: .dll filter_gup: Image|endswith: \Notepad++\updater\gup.exe filter_install: Image|startswith: C:\Users\ Image|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\ Image|endswith: - \target.exe - Installer.x64.exe filter_main_installer: Image|contains: \npp. Image|endswith: .exe TargetFilename: - C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins\NppExport\NppExport.dll - C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins\mimeTools\mimeTools.dll - C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins\NppConverter\NppConverter.dll - C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins\Config\nppPluginList.dll condition: selection and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Possible FPs during first installation of Notepad++ - Legitimate use of custom plugins by users in order to enhance notepad++ functionalities level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6745
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6745. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) 8.90.07.X relies on the client to enforce account locking, which allows local users to bypass that security mechanism by deleting the entry from the locking table. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2015-0942 per ADT2 and ADT3 due to different vulnerability type and different affected versions. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incorrect fix for CVE-2015-6744.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7707. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.5. Ignite Realtime Openfire 3.10.2 allows remote authenticated users to gain administrator access via the isadmin parameter to user-edit-form.jsp.
Query: vulnerability: Integer overflow in the index_urlfetch function in imap/index.c in Cyrus IMAP 2.3.19, 2.4.18, and 2.5.6 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors related to ur
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8078. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the index_urlfetch function in imap/index.c in Cyrus IMAP 2.3.19, 2.4.18, and 2.5.6 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors related to urlfetch range checks and the section_offset variable. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-8076.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1258. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 relies on libvpx code that was not built with an appropriate --size-limit value, which allows remote attackers to trigger a negative value for a size field, and consequently cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact, via a crafted frame size in VP9 video data.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle SOA Suite component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknow
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0414. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 3.5. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle SOA Suite component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Fabric Layer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0470. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 8u40 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Hotspot.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects modification of autostart extensibility point (ASEP) in registry.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects modification of autostart extensibility point (ASEP) in registry.. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Internet Explorer Autorun Keys Modification id: a80f662f-022f-4429-9b8c-b1a41aaa6688 related: - id: 17f878b8-9968-4578-b814-c4217fc5768c type: obsolete status: test description: Detects modification of autostart extensibility point (ASEP) in registry. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1547.001/T1547.001.md - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns - https://gist.github.com/GlebSukhodolskiy/0fc5fa5f482903064b448890db1eaf9d author: Victor Sergeev, Daniil Yugoslavskiy, Gleb Sukhodolskiy, Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community, Tim Shelton, frack113 (split) date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1547.001 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: ie: TargetObject|contains: - \Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Internet Explorer - \Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer ie_details: TargetObject|contains: - \Toolbar - \Extensions - \Explorer Bars filter_empty: Details: (Empty) filter_extensions: TargetObject|contains: - \Extensions\{2670000A-7350-4f3c-8081-5663EE0C6C49} - \Extensions\{31D09BA0-12F5-4CCE-BE8A-2923E76605DA} - \Extensions\{789FE86F-6FC4-46A1-9849-EDE0DB0C95CA} - \Extensions\{A95fe080-8f5d-11d2-a20b-00aa003c157a} filter_toolbar: TargetObject|endswith: - \Toolbar\ShellBrowser\ITBar7Layout - \Toolbar\ShowDiscussionButton - \Toolbar\Locked condition: ie and ie_details and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Legitimate software automatically (mostly, during installation) sets up autorun keys for legitimate reason - Legitimate administrator sets up autorun keys for legitimate reason level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Looks for potential enumeration of AWS buckets via ListBuckets.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: Potential Bucket Enumeration on AWS id: f305fd62-beca-47da-ad95-7690a0620084 related: - id: 4723218f-2048-41f6-bcb0-417f2d784f61 type: similar status: test description: Looks for potential enumeration of AWS buckets via ListBuckets. references: - https://github.com/Lifka/hacking-resources/blob/c2ae355d381bd0c9f0b32c4ead049f44e5b1573f/cloud-hacking-cheat-sheets.md - https://jamesonhacking.blogspot.com/2020/12/pivoting-to-private-aws-s3-buckets.html - https://securitycafe.ro/2022/12/14/aws-enumeration-part-ii-practical-enumeration/ author: Christopher Peacock @securepeacock, SCYTHE @scythe_io date: 2023-01-06 modified: 2024-07-10 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1580 - attack.t1619 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: s3.amazonaws.com eventName: ListBuckets filter: userIdentity.type: AssumedRole condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Administrators listing buckets, it may be necessary to filter out users who commonly conduct this activity. level: low