alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / driver_load
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the load of the Windiver driver, a powerful user-mode capture/sniffing/modification/blocking/re-injection packag. Logsource: windows / driver_load. Rule: title: WinDivert Driver Load id: 679085d5-f427-4484-9f58-1dc30a7c426d status: test description: Detects the load of the Windiver driver, a powerful user-mode capture/sniffing/modification/blocking/re-injection package for Windows references: - https://reqrypt.org/windivert-doc.html - https://rastamouse.me/ntlm-relaying-via-cobalt-strike/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-30 modified: 2024-11-23 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1599.001 - attack.t1557.001 logsource: category: driver_load product: windows detection: selection: - ImageLoaded|contains: - \WinDivert.sys - \WinDivert64.sys - \NordDivert.sys - \lingtiwfp.sys - \eswfp.sys - Hashes|contains: - IMPHASH=0604bb7cb4bb851e2168d5c7d9399087 - IMPHASH=2e5f0e649d97f32b03c09e4686d0574f - IMPHASH=52f8aa269f69f0edad9e8fcdaedce276 - IMPHASH=c0e5d314da39dbf65a2dbff409cc2c76 - IMPHASH=58623490691babe8330adc81cd04a663 - IMPHASH=8ee39b48656e4d6b8459d7ba7da7438b - IMPHASH=45ee545ae77e8d43fc70ede9efcd4c96 - IMPHASH=a1b2e245acd47e4a348e1a552a02859a - IMPHASH=2a5f85fe4609461c6339637594fa9b0a - IMPHASH=6b2c6f95233c2914d1d488ee27531acc - IMPHASH=9f2fdd3f9ab922bbb0560a7df46f4342 - IMPHASH=d8a719865c448b1bd2ec241e46ac1c88 - IMPHASH=0ea54f8c9af4a2fe8367fa457f48ed38 - IMPHASH=9d519ae0a0864d6d6ae3f8b6c9c70af6 - IMPHASH=a74929edfc3289895e3f2885278947ae - IMPHASH=a66b476c2d06c370f0a53b5537f2f11e - IMPHASH=bdcd836a46bc2415773f6b5ea77a46e4 - IMPHASH=c28cd6ccd83179e79dac132a553693d9 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate WinDivert driver usage level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a service principal is created in Azure.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Azure Service Principal Created id: 0ddcff6d-d262-40b0-804b-80eb592de8e3 status: test description: Identifies when a service principal is created in Azure. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/monitoring-health/reference-audit-activities#core-directory - https://analyticsrules.exchange/analyticrules/79566f41-df67-4e10-a703-c38a6213afd8/ author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-09-02 modified: 2026-04-30 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: operationName: Add service principal condition: selection falsepositives: - Service principal being created may be performed by a system administrator. - Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Service principal created from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects a script interpreter process (like node.js or bun) spawning a known credential scanning tool (e.g., trufflehog,. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Script Interpreter Spawning Credential Scanner - Windows id: 0f60b28c-64dd-4e2c-9a63-5334d3e3a6e6 related: - id: f0025a69-e1b7-4dda-a53c-db21fa2d4071 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects a script interpreter process (like node.js or bun) spawning a known credential scanning tool (e.g., trufflehog, gitleaks). This behavior is indicative of an attempt to find and steal secrets, as seen in the "Shai-Hulud: The Second Coming" campaign. ' references: - https://github.com/asyncapi/cli/blob/2efa4dff59bc3d3cecdf897ccf178f99b115d63d/bun_environment.js - https://www.stepsecurity.io/blog/sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-zapier-ens-domains-and-other-prominent-npm-packages-compromised - https://www.endorlabs.com/learn/shai-hulud-2-malware-campaign-targets-github-and-cloud-credentials-using-bun-runtime - https://semgrep.dev/blog/2025/digging-for-secrets-sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-of-the-npm-worm/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-11-25 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1552 - attack.collection - attack.execution - attack.t1005 - attack.t1059.007 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \node.exe - \bun.exe selection_child: - Image|endswith: - trufflehog.exe - gitleaks.exe - CommandLine|contains: - trufflehog - gitleaks condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate pre-commit hooks or CI/CD pipeline jobs that use a script to run a credential scanner as part of a security check. level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_susp_script_interpretor_spawn_credential_scanner/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the "capsh" utility to invoke a shell.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Capsh Shell Invocation - Linux id: db1ac3be-f606-4e3a-89e0-9607cbe6b98a status: test description: 'Detects the use of the "capsh" utility to invoke a shell. ' references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/capsh/#shell - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) date: 2024-09-02 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: /capsh CommandLine|endswith: ' --' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: vulnerability: Rockwell Automation RSView32 7.60.00 (aka CPR9 SR4) and earlier does not properly encrypt credentials, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading a file an
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1010. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Rockwell Automation RSView32 7.60.00 (aka CPR9 SR4) and earlier does not properly encrypt credentials, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading a file and conducting a decryption attack.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5824. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The NSURL implementation in the CFNetwork SSL component in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers after a certificate change, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5105
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5105. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5096 and CVE-2015-5098.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2425. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2383 and CVE-2015-2384.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2981
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2981. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The Yodobashi App for Android 1.2.1.0 and earlier does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a crafted certificate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2943. CWE: CWE-295. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. Honda Moto LINC 1.6.1 does not verify SSL certificates.
Query: how to detect Masquerade Task or Service
Matching passage: T1036.004 Masquerade Task or Service. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name as well as a display name. Many benign tasks and services exist that have commonly associated names. Adversaries may give tasks or services names that are similar or identical to those of legitimate ones. Tasks or services contain other fields, such as a description, that adversaries may attempt to make appear legitimate.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)
Near-miss passage: T1036.010 Masquerade Account Name. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the names of legitimate accounts to make newly created ones appear benign. This will typically occur during [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), although accounts may also be renamed at a later date. This may also coincide with [Account Access Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531) if the actor first deletes an account before re-creating one with the same name.(Citation: Huntress MOVEit 2023) Often, adversaries will attempt to masquerade as service accounts, such as those associated with legitimate software, data backups, or container cluster management.(Citation: Elastic CUBA Ransomware 2022)(Citation: Aquasec Kubernetes Attack 2023) They may also give accounts generic, trustworthy names, such as “admin”, “help”, or “root.”(Citation: Invictus IR Cloud Ransomware 2024) Sometimes adversaries may model account names off of those already existing in the system, as a follow-on behavior to [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087). Note that this is distinct from [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), which describes impersonating specific trusted individuals or organizations, rather than user or service account names.
Query: campaign using LC_MAIN Hijacking
Matching passage: T1149 LC_MAIN Hijacking. Tactics: stealth. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** As of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary’s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn’t know anything was different (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.
Near-miss passage: T1564.014 Extended Attributes. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse extended attributes (xattrs) on macOS and Linux to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Extended attributes are key-value pairs of file and directory metadata used by both macOS and Linux. They are not visible through standard tools like `Finder`, `ls`, or `cat` and require utilities such as `xattr` (macOS) or `getfattr` (Linux) for inspection. Operating systems and applications use xattrs for tagging, integrity checks, and access control. On Linux, xattrs are organized into namespaces such as `user.` (user permissions), `trusted.` (root permissions), `security.`, and `system.`, each with specific permissions. On macOS, xattrs are flat strings without namespace prefixes, commonly prefixed with `com.apple.*` (e.g., `com.apple.quarantine`, `com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags`) and used by system features like Gatekeeper and Spotlight.(Citation: Establishing persistence using extended attributes on Linux) An adversary may leverage xattrs by embedding a second-stage payload into the extended attribute of a legitimate file. On macOS, a payload can be embedded into a custom attribute using the `xattr` command. A separate loader can retrieve the attribute with `xattr -p`, decode the content, and execute it using a scripting interpreter. On Linux, an adversary may use `setfattr` to write a payload into the `user.` namespace of a legitimate file. A loader script can later extract the payload with `getfattr --only-values`, decode it, and execute it using bash or another interpreter. In both cases, because the primary file content remains unchanged, security tools and integrity checks that do not inspect extended attributes will observe the original file hash, allowing the malicious payload to evade detection.(Citation: Low GroupIB xattrs nov 2024)
Query: CWE for Obsolete Feature in UI
Matching passage: CWE-448 Obsolete Feature in UI. A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.
Near-miss passage: CWE-28 Path Traversal: '..filedir'. The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize .. sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Malicious Image
Matching passage: T1204.003 Malicious Image. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository via [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), and users may then download and deploy an instance or container from the image without realizing the image is malicious, thus bypassing techniques that specifically achieve Initial Access. This can lead to the execution of malicious code, such as code that executes cryptocurrency mining, in the instance or container.(Citation: Summit Route Malicious AMIs) Adversaries may also name images a certain way to increase the chance of users mistakenly deploying an instance or container from the image (ex: [Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005)).(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1204.004 Malicious Copy and Paste. Tactics: execution. Description: An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is "ClickFix," in which adversaries present users with seemingly helpful solutions—such as prompts to fix errors or complete CAPTCHAs—that instead instruct the user to copy and paste malicious code. Malicious websites, such as those used in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), may present fake error messages or CAPTCHA prompts that instruct users to open a terminal or the Windows Run Dialog box and execute an arbitrary command. These commands may be obfuscated using encoding or other techniques to conceal malicious intent. Once executed, the adversary will typically be able to establish a foothold on the victim's machine.(Citation: CloudSEK Lumma Stealer 2024)(Citation: Sekoia ClickFake 2025)(Citation: Reliaquest CAPTCHA 2024)(Citation: AhnLab LummaC2 2025) Adversaries may also leverage phishing emails for this purpose. When a user attempts to open an attachment, they may be presented with a fake error and offered a malicious command to paste as a solution, consistent with the "ClickFix" strategy.(Citation: Proofpoint ClickFix 2024)(Citation: AhnLab Malicioys Copy Paste 2024) Tricking a user into executing a command themselves may help to bypass email filtering, browser sandboxing, or other mitigations designed to protect users against malicious downloaded files.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1299
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1299. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the shared-timer implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging erroneous timer firing, related to ThreadTimers.cpp and Timer.cpp.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3910. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google V8 before 4.3.61.21, as used in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65, allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown vectors.
Query: risk of Due to a bug in the the default sign in functionality in the keystone node module before 0.3.16, incomplete email addresses could be matched. A correct password is still required t
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9240. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 7.5. Due to a bug in the the default sign in functionality in the keystone node module before 0.3.16, incomplete email addresses could be matched. A correct password is still required to complete sign in.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3974. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.0. EasyIO EasyIO-30P-SF controllers with firmware before 0.5.21 and 2.x before 2.0.5.21, as used in Accutrol, Bar-Tech Automation, Infocon/EasyIO, Honeywell Automation India, Johnson Controls, SyxthSENSE, Transformative Wave Technologies, Tridium Asia Pacific, and Tridium Europe products, have a hardcoded password, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via unspecified vectors.
Query: exploit Untrusted search path vulnerability in the CMainThread::launchDownloader function in vpndownloader.exe in Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 2.0 through 4.1 on Windows allows 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6305. CWE: CWE-426. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Untrusted search path vulnerability in the CMainThread::launchDownloader function in vpndownloader.exe in Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 2.0 through 4.1 on Windows allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in the current working directory, as demonstrated by dbghelp.dll, aka Bug ID CSCuv01279. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-4211.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8264. CWE: CWE-426. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Untrusted search path vulnerability in F-Secure Online Scanner allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and conduct DLL hijacking attacks via a Trojan horse DLL that is located in the same folder as F-SecureOnlineScanner.exe.
Query: risk of The kernel in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the Trusted
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2552. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the Trusted Boot protection mechanism, and consequently interfere with the integrity of code, BitLocker, Device Encryption, and Device Health Attestation, via a crafted Boot Configuration Data (BCD) setting, aka "Trusted Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5178. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Management Console in Red Hat Enterprise Application Platform before 6.4.4 and WildFly (formerly JBoss Application Server) does not send an X-Frame-Options HTTP header, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via a crafted web page that contains a (1) FRAME or (2) IFRAME element.
Query: exploit Open redirect vulnerability in the Chamilo integration module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishin
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5503. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in the Chamilo integration module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified parameters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4823. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 1.2000000476837158. Unspecified vulnerability in the Hyperion Installation Technology component in Oracle Hyperion 11.1.2.3 allows local users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Essbase Rapid Deploy.
Query: exploit Buffer overflow in an unspecified function in nsr_render_log in EMC NetWorker before 8.0.4.3, 8.1.x before 8.1.2.6, and 8.2.x before 8.2.1.2 allows local users to gain privileges v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0530. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Buffer overflow in an unspecified function in nsr_render_log in EMC NetWorker before 8.0.4.3, 8.1.x before 8.1.2.6, and 8.2.x before 8.2.1.2 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3740. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-3.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2689
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2689. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Tor before 0.2.4.26 and 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.11 does not properly handle pending-connection resolve states during periods of high DNS load, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon exit) via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8738. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The s7comm_decode_ud_cpu_szl_subfunc function in epan/dissectors/packet-s7comm_szl_ids.c in the S7COMM dissector in Wireshark 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate the list count in an SZL response, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (divide-by-zero error and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Query: vulnerability: Buffer underflow vulnerability in the Debian inspircd package before 2.0.5-1+deb7u1 for wheezy and before 2.0.16-1 for jessie and sid. NOTE: This issue exists as an additional issu
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6674. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Buffer underflow vulnerability in the Debian inspircd package before 2.0.5-1+deb7u1 for wheezy and before 2.0.16-1 for jessie and sid. NOTE: This issue exists as an additional issue from an incomplete fix of CVE-2012-1836.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8521. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 5.5.x and 6.x before 6.1.12.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8519, CVE-2015-8520, and CVE-2015-8522.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2460
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2460. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. ATMFD.DLL in the Windows Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and .NET Framework 3.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OpenType font, aka "OpenType Font Parsing Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5175. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Application plugins in Apache CXF Fediz before 1.1.3 and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service.
Query: exploit Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Health Sciences Argus Safety component in Oracle Health Sciences Applications 8.0 allows local users to affect confidentiality via vectors r
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2579. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Health Sciences Argus Safety component in Oracle Health Sciences Applications 8.0 allows local users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to BIP Installer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7866. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Unquoted Windows search path vulnerability in the Smart Maximize Helper (nvSmartMaxApp.exe) in the Control Panel in the NVIDIA GPU graphics driver R340 before 341.92, R352 before 354.35, and R358 before 358.87 on Windows allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse application, as demonstrated by C:\Program.exe.