alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the SemanticForms extension for MediaWiki allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) wpSummary
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6732. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the SemanticForms extension for MediaWiki allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) wpSummary parameter to Special:FormEdit, the (2) "Template label (optional)" field in a form, or a (3) Field name in a template.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6584. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the DataTables plugin 1.10.8 and earlier for jQuery allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the scripts parameter to media/unit_testing/templates/6776.php.
Query: exploit Integer overflow in Autodesk Design Review (ADR) before 2013 Hotfix 2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted biClrUsed value in a BMP file, which triggers 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8571. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in Autodesk Design Review (ADR) before 2013 Hotfix 2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted biClrUsed value in a BMP file, which triggers a buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6525. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple integer overflows in the evbuffer API in Libevent 2.0.x before 2.0.22 and 2.1.x before 2.1.5-beta allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other unspecified impact via "insanely large inputs" to the (1) evbuffer_add, (2) evbuffer_prepend, (3) evbuffer_expand, (4) exbuffer_reserve_space, or (5) evbuffer_read function, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow or an infinite loop. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2014-6272 per ADT3 due to different affected versions.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0162
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0162. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.0. IBM Security SiteProtector System 3.0, 3.1, and 3.1.1 allows local users to gain privileges.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6620. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48Z and 6.0 before 2015-12-01 allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, as demonstrated by obtaining Signature or SignatureOrSystem access, aka internal bugs 24123723 and 24445127.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3707
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3707. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The FireWire driver in IOFireWireFamily in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6184. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The CAttrArray object implementation in Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (type confusion and memory corruption) via a malformed Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) token sequence in conjunction with modifications to HTML elements, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6048 and CVE-2015-6049.
Query: risk of hosttracker in OpenDaylight l2switch allows remote attackers to change the host location information by spoofing the MAC address, aka "topology spoofing."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1610. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. hosttracker in OpenDaylight l2switch allows remote attackers to change the host location information by spoofing the MAC address, aka "topology spoofing."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2152. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. Xen 4.5.x and earlier enables certain default backends when emulating a VGA device for an x86 HVM guest qemu even when the configuration disables them, which allows local guest users to obtain access to the VGA console by (1) setting the DISPLAY environment variable, when compiled with SDL support, or connecting to the VNC server on (2) ::1 or (3) 127.0.0.1, when not compiled with SDL support.
Query: incident response steps for Outbound C2 pattern associated with Financial Theft
Matching passage: Playbook for T1657 Financial Theft. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1657. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: impact. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may steal monetary resources from targets through extortion, social engineering, technical theft, or other methods aimed at their own financial gain at the expense of the availability of these resources for victims. Financial theft is the ultimate objective of several popular campaign types including extortion by ransomware,(Citation: FBI-ransomware) business email compromise (BEC) and
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1561.002 Disk Structure Wipe. Different response path focused on impact.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8086
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8086. CWE: CWE-326. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Huawei AR routers with software before V200R007C00SPC100; Quidway S9300 routers with software before V200R009C00; S12700 routers with software before V200R008C00SPC500; S9300, Quidway S5300, and S5300 routers with software before V200R007C00; and S5700 routers with software before V200R007C00SPC500 makes it easier for remote authenticated administrators to obtain encryption keys and ciphertext passwords via vectors related to key storage.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5361. CWE: CWE-326. CVSS: 6.5. Background For regular, unencrypted FTP traffic, the FTP ALG can inspect the unencrypted control channel and open related sessions for the FTP data channel. These related sessions (gates) are specific to source and destination IPs and ports of client and server. The design intent of the ftps-extensions option (which is disabled by default) is to provide similar functionality when the SRX secures the FTP/FTPS client. As the control channel is encrypted, the FTP ALG cannot inspect the port specific information and will open a wider TCP data channel (gate) from client IP to server IP on all destination TCP ports. In FTP/FTPS client environments to an enterprise network or the Internet, this is the desired behavior as it allows firewall policy to be written to FTP/FTPS servers on well-known control ports without using a policy with destination IP ANY and destination port ANY. Issue The ftps-extensions option is not intended or recommended where the SRX secures the FTPS server, as the wide data channel session (gate) will allow the FTPS client temporary access to all TCP ports on the FTPS server. The data session is associated to the control channel and will be closed when the control channel session closes. Depending on the configuration of the FTPS server, supporting load-balancer, and SRX inactivity-timeout values, the server/load-balancer and SRX may keep the control channel open for an extended period of time, allowing an FTPS client access for an equal duration.​ Note that the ftps-extensions option is not enabled by default.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Prevent Command History Logging
Matching passage: T1690 Prevent Command History Logging. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they have done. On Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable `HISTFILE`. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called `~/.bash_history`. The `HISTCONTROL` environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the history command and eventually into the `~/.bash_history` file when a user logs out. `HISTCONTROL` does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected. The `HISTFILE` environment variable is also used in some ESXi systems.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi VIBs 2022) Adversaries may clear the history environment variable (`unset HISTFILE`) or set the command history size to zero (`export HISTFILESIZE=0`) to prevent logging of commands. Additionally, `HISTCONTROL` can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to "ignorespace". `HISTCONTROL` can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to "ignoredups". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to "ignoreboth" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that " ls" will not be saved, but "ls" would be saved by history. Adversaries can abuse this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands. On Windows systems, the `PSReadLine` module tracks commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (`$env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadLine\ConsoleHost_history.txt` by default). Adversaries may change where these logs are saved using `Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}`. This will cause `ConsoleHost_history.txt` to stop receiving logs. Additionally, it is possible to turn off logging to this
Near-miss passage: T1578.002 Create Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Creating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.
Query: weakness Reliance on Package-level Scope
Matching passage: CWE-487 Reliance on Package-level Scope. Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
Near-miss passage: CWE-30 Path Traversal: 'dir..filename'. The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir..filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Query: vulnerability: (1) IQVW32.sys before 1.3.1.0 and (2) IQVW64.sys before 1.3.1.0 in the Intel Ethernet diagnostics driver for Windows allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly exe
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2291. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. (1) IQVW32.sys before 1.3.1.0 and (2) IQVW64.sys before 1.3.1.0 in the Intel Ethernet diagnostics driver for Windows allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges via a crafted (a) 0x80862013, (b) 0x8086200B, (c) 0x8086200F, or (d) 0x80862007 IOCTL call.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3237. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The smb_request_state function in cURL and libcurl 7.40.0 through 7.42.1 allows remote SMB servers to obtain sensitive information from memory or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via crafted length and offset values.
Query: detection rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation VAR++ LAUNCHER OBFUSCATION - System id: 14bcba49-a428-42d9-b943-e2ce0f0f7ae6 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via VAR++ LAUNCHER references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-13 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Service Control Manager EventID: 7045 ImagePath|contains|all: - '&&set' - cmd - /c - -f ImagePath|contains: - '{0}' - '{1}' - '{2}' - '{3}' - '{4}' - '{5}' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a PIM elevation is approved or denied. Outside of normal operations should be investigated.. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: PIM Approvals And Deny Elevation id: 039a7469-0296-4450-84c0-f6966b16dc6d status: test description: Detects when a PIM elevation is approved or denied. Outside of normal operations should be investigated. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-privileged-identity-management#azure-ad-roles-assignment author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Yochana Henderson, '@Yochana-H' date: 2022-08-09 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Request Approved/Denied condition: selection falsepositives: - Actual admin using PIM. level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3044
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3044. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4053. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The admin command in ceph-deploy before 1.5.25 uses world-readable permissions for /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading the file.
Query: campaign using Domain Controller Authentication
Matching passage: T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. Malware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)). Skeleton key works through a patch on an enterprise domain controller authentication process (LSASS) with credentials that adversaries may use to bypass the standard authentication system. Once patched, an adversary can use the injected password to successfully authenticate as any domain user account (until the the skeleton key is erased from memory by a reboot of the domain controller). Authenticated access may enable unfettered access to hosts and/or resources within single-factor authentication environments.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)
Near-miss passage: T1556.006 Multi-Factor Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Once adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621), adversaries may leverage their access to modify or completely disable MFA defenses. This can be accomplished by abusing legitimate features, such as excluding users from Azure AD Conditional Access Policies, registering a new yet vulnerable/adversary-controlled MFA method, or by manually patching MFA programs and configuration files to bypass expected functionality.(Citation: Mandiant APT42)(Citation: Azure AD Conditional Access Exclusions) For example, modifying the Windows hosts file (`C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`) to redirect MFA calls to localhost instead of an MFA server may cause the MFA process to fail. If a "fail open" policy is in place, any otherwise successful authentication attempt may be granted access without enforcing MFA. (Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022) Depending on the scope, goals, and privileges of the adversary, MFA defenses may be disabled for individual accounts or for all accounts tied to a larger group, such as all domain accounts in a victim's network environment.(Citation: Russians Exploit Default MFA Protocol - CISA March 2022)
Query: exploit Wiki Server in Apple OS X Server before 4.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended restrictions on Activity and People pages by connecting from an iPad client.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1151. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. Wiki Server in Apple OS X Server before 4.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended restrictions on Activity and People pages by connecting from an iPad client.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0277. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.0. The Service Provider (SP) in PicketLink before 2.7.0 does not ensure that it is a member of an Audience element when an AudienceRestriction is specified, which allows remote attackers to log in to other users' accounts via a crafted SAML assertion. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT2 due to different vulnerability types. See CVE-2015-6254 for lack of validation for the Destination attribute in a Response element in a SAML assertion.
Query: exploit Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.8, and 2.8.x before 2.8.6 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3175. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.11, 2.7.x before 2.7.8, and 2.8.x before 2.8.6 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via vectors involving an error page that links to a URL from an HTTP Referer header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8474. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in the valid_back_url function in app/controllers/application_controller.rb in Redmine before 2.6.7, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, and 3.1.x before 3.1.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a crafted back_url parameter, as demonstrated by "@attacker.com," a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-1985.
Query: vulnerability: Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5124. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3117, CVE-2015-3123, CVE-2015-3130, CVE-2015-3133, CVE-2015-3134, and CVE-2015-4431.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6507. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The hdbsql client 1.00.091.00 Build 1418659308-1530 in SAP HANA allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) and possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, aka SAP Security Note 2140700.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4186
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4186. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The diagnostics subsystem in the administrative web interface on Cisco Virtualization Experience (aka VXC) Client 6215 devices with firmware 11.2(27.4) allows local users to gain privileges for OS command execution via a crafted option value, aka Bug ID CSCug54412.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2955. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 7.5. Igreks MilkyStep Light 0.94 and earlier and Professional 1.82 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: campaign using System Service Discovery
Matching passage: T1007 System Service Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services. Adversaries may obtain information about services using tools as well as OS utility commands such as <code>sc query</code>, <code>tasklist /svc</code>, <code>systemctl --type=service</code>, and <code>net start</code>. Adversaries may also gather information about schedule tasks via commands such as `schtasks` on Windows or `crontab -l` on Linux and macOS.(Citation: Elastic Security Labs GOSAR 2024)(Citation: SentinelLabs macOS Malware 2021)(Citation: Splunk Linux Gormir 2024)(Citation: Aquasec Kinsing 2020) Adversaries may use the information from [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Near-miss passage: T1087.004 Cloud Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) The AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6300
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6300. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS) Solution Engine 5.7(0.15) allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (SSH screen process crash) via crafted (1) CLI or (2) GUI commands, aka Bug ID CSCuw24694.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1104. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The kernel in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 does not properly determine whether an IPv6 packet had a local origin, which allows remote attackers to bypass an intended network-filtering protection mechanism via a crafted packet.
Query: describe CVE-2015-1096
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1096. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. IOHIDFamily in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information about kernel memory via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0800. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The PRNG implementation in the DNS resolver in Mozilla Firefox (aka Fennec) before 37.0 on Android does not properly generate random numbers for query ID values and UDP source ports, which makes it easier for remote attackers to spoof DNS responses by guessing these numbers, a related issue to CVE-2012-2808.