alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2582
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2582. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.5.43 and earlier and 5.6.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to GIS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8543. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.0. The networking implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.3.3, as used in Android and other products, does not validate protocol identifiers for certain protocol families, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL function pointer dereference and system crash) or possibly gain privileges by leveraging CLONE_NEWUSER support to execute a crafted SOCK_RAW application.
Query: exploit OpenStage 60 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 55G SIP V3, OpenStage 15, 20E, 20 and 40 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G SIP V3, OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G Eco SIP V3, OpenStage 60 and O
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8251. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. OpenStage 60 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 55G SIP V3, OpenStage 15, 20E, 20 and 40 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G SIP V3, OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G Eco SIP V3, OpenStage 60 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 55G HFA V3, OpenStage 15, 20E, 20, and 40 and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G HFA V3, and OpenScape Desk Phone IP 35G Eco HFA V3 use non-unique X.509 certificates and SSH host keys.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7215. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The importScripts function in the Web Workers API implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy by triggering use of the no-cors mode in the fetch API to attempt resource access that throws an exception, leading to information disclosure after a rethrow.
Query: alert when Detects PowerShell scripts that make use of the "Compress-Archive" Cmdlet in order to compress folders and files where t
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell scripts that make use of the "Compress-Archive" Cmdlet in order to compress folders and files where t. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Zip A Folder With PowerShell For Staging In Temp - PowerShell Module id: daf7eb81-35fd-410d-9d7a-657837e602bb related: - id: 71ff406e-b633-4989-96ec-bc49d825a412 type: similar - id: b7a3c9a3-09ea-4934-8864-6a32cacd98d9 type: similar - id: 85a8e5ba-bd03-4bfb-bbfa-a4409a8f8b98 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects PowerShell scripts that make use of the "Compress-Archive" Cmdlet in order to compress folders and files where the output is stored in a potentially suspicious location that is used often by malware for exfiltration. An adversary might compress data (e.g., sensitive documents) that is collected prior to exfiltration in order to make it portable and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1074.001/T1074.001.md - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-347a author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), frack113 date: 2021-07-20 modified: 2023-12-18 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1074.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection: ContextInfo|contains|all: - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath $env:TEMP - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath*\AppData\Local\Temp\ - Compress-Archive -Path*-DestinationPath*:\Windows\Temp\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation COMPRESS OBFUSCATION id: 7eedcc9d-9fdb-4d94-9c54-474e8affc0c7 status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via COMPRESS OBFUSCATION references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Timur Zinniatullin, oscd.community date: 2020-10-18 modified: 2022-12-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - new-object - text.encoding]::ascii CommandLine|contains: - system.io.compression.deflatestream - system.io.streamreader - readtoend( condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7918
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7918. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in the F1BookView ActiveX control in F1 Bookview in Schneider Electric ProClima before 6.2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the (1) Attach, (2) DefinedName, (3) DefinedNameLocal, (4) ODBCPrepareEx, (5) ObjCreatePolygon, (6) SetTabbedTextEx, or (7) SetValidationRule method, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8561.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1572. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Heap-based buffer overflow in closefs.c in the libext2fs library in e2fsprogs before 1.42.12 allows local users to execute arbitrary code by causing a crafted block group descriptor to be marked as dirty. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-0247.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with LC_MAIN Hijacking
Matching passage: T1149 LC_MAIN Hijacking. Tactics: stealth. Description: **This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** As of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary’s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn’t know anything was different (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.
Near-miss passage: T1684.001 Impersonation. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), or [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534)) while impersonating a known sender such as an executive, colleague, or third-party vendor. Established trust can then be leveraged to accomplish an adversary’s ultimate goals, possibly against multiple victims. In many cases of business email compromise or email fraud campaigns, adversaries use impersonation to defraud victims -- deceiving them into sending money or divulging information that ultimately enables [Financial Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657). Adversaries will often also use social engineering techniques such as manipulative and persuasive language in email subject lines and body text such as `payment`, `request`, or `urgent` to push the victim to act quickly before malicious activity is detected. These campaigns are often specifically targeted against people who, due to job roles and/or accesses, can carry out the adversary’s goal. Impersonation is typically preceded by reconnaissance techniques such as [Gather Victim Identity Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589) and [Gather Victim Org Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591) as well as acquiring infrastructure such as email domains (i.e. [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to substantiate their false identity.(Citation: Crowdstrike BEC) There is the potential for multiple victims in campaigns involving impersonation. For example, an adversary may Compromise Accounts targeting one organization which can then be used to support impersonation against other entities.(Citation: VEC)
Query: exploit The xenmem_add_to_physmap_one function in arch/arm/mm.c in Xen 4.5.x, 4.4.x, and earlier does not limit the number of printk console messages when reporting a failure to retrieve a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6654. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The xenmem_add_to_physmap_one function in arch/arm/mm.c in Xen 4.5.x, 4.4.x, and earlier does not limit the number of printk console messages when reporting a failure to retrieve a reference on a foreign page, which allows remote domains to cause a denial of service by leveraging permissions to map the memory of a foreign guest.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5736. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The Fortishield.sys driver in Fortinet FortiClient before 5.2.4 allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges by setting the callback function in a (1) 0x220024 or (2) 0x220028 ioctl call.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Scanning IP Blocks
Matching passage: T1595.001 Scanning IP Blocks. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Adversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1595 Active Scanning. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction. Adversaries may perform different forms of active scanning depending on what information they seek to gather. These scans can also be performed in various ways, including using native features of network protocols such as ICMP.(Citation: Botnet Scan)(Citation: OWASP Fingerprinting) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Query: explain T1564.007 VBA Stomping
Matching passage: T1564.007 VBA Stomping. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020) MS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <code>PerformanceCache</code> that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream) An adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero’s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)
Near-miss passage: T1564.009 Resource Forking. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarchical File System Overview) Usage of a resource fork is identifiable when displaying a file’s extended attributes, using <code>ls -l@</code> or <code>xattr -l</code> commands. Resource forks have been deprecated and replaced with the application bundle structure. Non-localized resources are placed at the top level directory of an application bundle, while localized resources are placed in the <code>/Resources</code> folder.(Citation: Resource and Data Forks)(Citation: ELC Extended Attributes) Adversaries can use resource forks to hide malicious data that may otherwise be stored directly in files. Adversaries can execute content with an attached resource fork, at a specified offset, that is moved to an executable location then invoked. Resource fork content may also be obfuscated/encrypted until execution.(Citation: sentinellabs resource named fork 2020)(Citation: tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020)
Query: risk of Buffer overflow in the aiff_open function in oggenc/audio.c in vorbis-tools 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted AIFF file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6749. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the aiff_open function in oggenc/audio.c in vorbis-tools 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted AIFF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2447. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2446.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the management interface on Cisco EPC3928 devices with EDVA 5.5.10, 5.5.11, and 5.7.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web sc
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6402. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the management interface on Cisco EPC3928 devices with EDVA 5.5.10, 5.5.11, and 5.7.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an unspecified value, aka Bug ID CSCux24935.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1373. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in admin.php in ferretCMS 1.0.4-alpha allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) action parameter in a search request, (2) username in a login request, which is not properly handled when logging the event, or (3) page title in an insert action.
Query: command and control using Web Service
Matching passage: T1102 Web Service. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites, cloud services, and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google, Microsoft, or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise.(Citation: Broadcom BirdyClient Microsoft Graph API 2024) Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. Use of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).
Near-miss passage: T1102.002 Bidirectional Communication. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output from those commands back over that Web service channel. The return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on the Web service being utilized. For example, the return traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by sending a Tweet. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8758
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8758. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in unspecified frontend components in TYPO3 6.2.x before 6.2.16 and 7.x before 7.6.1 allow remote authenticated editors to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0766. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the administrative web interface in the Management Center component in Cisco FireSIGHT System Software 6.0.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified fields, aka Bug IDs CSCus93566, CSCut31557, and CSCut47196.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2916
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2916. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Securifi Almond devices with firmware before AL1-R201EXP10-L304-W34 and Almond-2015 devices with firmware before AL2-R088M allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3352. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Jammer module before 6.x-1.8 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete a setting for (1) hidden form elements or (2) status messages via unspecified vectors, related to "report administration."
Query: rule covering Detects the creation of new files with the ".evtx" extension in non-common or non-standard location. This could indicate
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of new files with the ".evtx" extension in non-common or non-standard location. This could indicate. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: EVTX Created In Uncommon Location id: 65236ec7-ace0-4f0c-82fd-737b04fd4dcb status: test description: 'Detects the creation of new files with the ".evtx" extension in non-common or non-standard location. This could indicate tampering with default EVTX locations in order to evade security controls or simply exfiltration of event log to search for sensitive information within. Note that backup software and legitimate administrator might perform similar actions during troubleshooting. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/eventlog/eventlog-key author: D3F7A5105 date: 2023-01-02 modified: 2024-03-26 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.001 logsource: category: file_event product: windows definition: 'Requirements: The ".evtx" extension should be monitored via a Sysmon configuration. Example: <TargetFilename condition="end with">.evtx<TargetFilename>' detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: .evtx filter_main_path: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\ filter_main_baseimage: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Containers\BaseImages\ TargetFilename|endswith: \Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Administrator or backup activity - An unknown bug seems to trigger the Windows "svchost" process to drop EVTX files in the "C:\Windows\Temp" directory in the form "<log_name">_<uuid>.evtx". See https://superuser.com/questions/1371229/low-disk-space-after-filling-up-c-windows-temp-with-evtx-and-txt-files level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_create_evtx_non_common_locations/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when highly privileged delegated permissions are granted on behalf of all users. Logsource: azure / auditlogs. Rule: title: Delegated Permissions Granted For All Users id: a6355fbe-f36f-45d8-8efc-ab42465cbc52 status: test description: Detects when highly privileged delegated permissions are granted on behalf of all users references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-applications#application-granted-highly-privileged-permissions author: Bailey Bercik '@baileybercik', Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow' date: 2022-07-28 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1528 logsource: product: azure service: auditlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Add delegated permission grant condition: selection falsepositives: - When the permission is legitimately needed for the app level: high