alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: telemetry for T1554
Matching passage: T1554 Compromise Host Software Binary. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify host software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Software binaries/executables provide a wide range of system commands or services, programs, and libraries. Common software binaries are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, web browsers, and many other user or server applications. Adversaries may establish persistence though modifications to host software binaries. For example, an adversary may replace or otherwise infect a legitimate application binary (or support files) with a backdoor. Since these binaries may be routinely executed by applications or the user, the adversary can leverage this for persistent access to the host. An adversary may also modify a software binary such as an SSH client in order to persistently collect credentials during logins (i.e., [Modify Authentication Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556)).(Citation: Google Cloud Mandiant UNC3886 2024) An adversary may also modify an existing binary by patching in malicious functionality (e.g., IAT Hooking/Entry point patching)(Citation: Unit42 Banking Trojans Hooking 2022) prior to the binary’s legitimate execution. For example, an adversary may modify the entry point of a binary to point to malicious code patched in by the adversary before resuming normal execution flow.(Citation: ESET FontOnLake Analysis 2021) After modifying a binary, an adversary may attempt to impair defenses by preventing it from updating (e.g., via the `yum-versionlock` command or `versionlock.list` file in Linux systems that use the yum package manager).(Citation: Google Cloud Mandiant UNC3886 2024)
Near-miss passage: T1053.003 Cron. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems. The <code> crontab</code> file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any <code>crontab</code> files are stored in operating system-specific file paths. An adversary may use <code>cron</code> in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). In ESXi environments, cron jobs must be created directly via the crontab file (e.g., `/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root`).(Citation: CloudSEK ESXiArgs 2023)
Query: indicators of Application Exhaustion Flood
Matching passage: T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications. For example, specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system resources and deny access to the application or the server itself.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)
Near-miss passage: T1499.002 Service Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a denial of service (DoS). Adversaries often target the availability of DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked through a variety of means, some of which apply generally while others are specific to the software being used to provide the service. One example of this type of attack is known as a simple HTTP flood, where an adversary sends a large number of HTTP requests to a web server to overwhelm it and/or an application that runs on top of it. This flood relies on raw volume to accomplish the objective, exhausting any of the various resources required by the victim software to provide the service.(Citation: Cloudflare HTTPflood) Another variation, known as a SSL renegotiation attack, takes advantage of a protocol feature in SSL/TLS. The SSL/TLS protocol suite includes mechanisms for the client and server to agree on an encryption algorithm to use for subsequent secure connections. If SSL renegotiation is enabled, a request can be made for renegotiation of the crypto algorithm. In a renegotiation attack, the adversary establishes a SSL/TLS connection and then proceeds to make a series of renegotiation requests. Because the cryptographic renegotiation has a meaningful cost in computation cycles, this can cause an impact to the availability of the service when done in volume.(Citation: Arbor SSLDoS April 2012)
Query: describe CVE-2015-1985
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1985. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.599999904632568. The queue manager on IBM MQ M2000 appliances before 8.0.0.4 allows local users to bypass an intended password requirement and read private keys by leveraging the existence of a stash file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0820. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. Mozilla Firefox before 36.0 does not properly restrict transitions of JavaScript objects from a non-extensible state to an extensible state, which allows remote attackers to bypass a Caja Compiler sandbox protection mechanism or a Secure EcmaScript sandbox protection mechanism via a crafted web site.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Cloud Groups
Matching passage: T1069.003 Cloud Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The <code>Get-MsolRole</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts (Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance). Azure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command <code>az ad user get-member-groups</code> will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint <code>GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups</code> lists group resources available to a user for Google.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation) In AWS, the commands `ListRolePolicies` and `ListAttachedRolePolicies` allow users to enumerate the policies attached to a role.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022) Adversaries may attempt to list ACLs for objects to determine the owner and other accounts with access to the object, for example, via the AWS <code>GetBucketAcl</code> API (Citation: AWS Get Bucket ACL). Using this information an adversary can target accounts with permissions to a given object or leverage accounts they have already compromised to access the object.
Near-miss passage: T1069.001 Local Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as the users found within the local administrators group. Commands such as <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscl . -list /Groups</code> on macOS, and <code>groups</code> on Linux can list local groups.
Query: vulnerability: The WebApplications Identity Management subsystem in Cisco Unified Communications Manager 10.5(0.98000.88) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (subsystem outage) v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6425. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. The WebApplications Identity Management subsystem in Cisco Unified Communications Manager 10.5(0.98000.88) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (subsystem outage) via invalid session tokens, aka Bug ID CSCul83786.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0015. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Server 2012 Gold and R2 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system hang and RADIUS outage) via crafted username strings to (1) Internet Authentication Service (IAS) or (2) Network Policy Server (NPS), aka "Network Policy Server RADIUS Implementation Denial of Service Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2337
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2337. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. TPInt.dll in VMware Workstation 10.x before 10.0.6 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 6.x before 6.0.6 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 3.2.x before 3.2.1, 3.3.x, and 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not properly allocate memory, which allows guest OS users to execute arbitrary code on the host OS via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4317. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway X8.5.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via invalid variables in an authentication packet, aka Bug ID CSCuv40469.
Query: alert when Detects the usage of the "sftp.exe" binary as a LOLBIN by abusing the "-D" flag
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the usage of the "sftp.exe" binary as a LOLBIN by abusing the "-D" flag. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Use Of The SFTP.EXE Binary As A LOLBIN id: a85ffc3a-e8fd-4040-93bf-78aff284d801 status: test description: Detects the usage of the "sftp.exe" binary as a LOLBIN by abusing the "-D" flag references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/264 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-11-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sftp.exe CommandLine|contains: - ' -D ..' - ' -D C:\' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of the builtin "copy" command that targets a shadow copy (sometimes used to copy registry hives th. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Copy From VolumeShadowCopy Via Cmd.EXE id: c73124a7-3e89-44a3-bdc1-25fe4df754b1 status: test description: Detects the execution of the builtin "copy" command that targets a shadow copy (sometimes used to copy registry hives that are in use) references: - https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1423336151860002816?s=20 - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/03e9b8c2e86d6db450e5eceec057d7e369ee2389b9daecaf06331a95410aa5f8/detection - https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/ author: Max Altgelt (Nextron Systems), Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-09 modified: 2023-03-07 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'copy ' - \\\\\?\\GLOBALROOT\\Device\\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy condition: selection falsepositives: - Backup scenarios using the commandline level: high
Query: exploit Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Mic
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6158. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6140, CVE-2015-6142, CVE-2015-6143, CVE-2015-6153, CVE-2015-6159, and CVE-2015-6160.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4675. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. Buffer overflow in the Tiny SRP library (aka TinySRP) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted size value for the username field.
Query: alert when Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with m. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - New VPN SSL Web Portal Added id: 2bfb6216-0c31-4d20-8501-2629b29a3fa2 status: experimental description: 'Detects the addition of a VPN SSL Web Portal on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. This behavior was observed in pair with modification of VPN SSL settings. ' references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/113121765/config-vpn-ssl-web-portal - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: vpn.ssl.web.portal condition: selection falsepositives: - A VPN SSL Web Portal can be added for legitimate purposes. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects removing immutable file attribute.. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Remove Immutable File Attribute - Auditd id: a5b977d6-8a81-4475-91b9-49dbfcd941f7 status: test description: Detects removing immutable file attribute. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1222.002/T1222.002.md author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community date: 2019-09-23 modified: 2022-11-26 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1222.002 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: EXECVE a0|contains: chattr a1|contains: -i condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator interacting with immutable files (e.g. for instance backups). level: medium simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Remove immutable file attribute technique: T1222.002 atomic_guid: e7469fe2-ad41-4382-8965-99b94dd3c13f
Query: detect Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Remote Access Tool - Team Viewer Session Started On Linux Host id: 1f6b8cd4-3e60-47cc-b282-5aa1cbc9182d related: - id: ab70c354-d9ac-4e11-bbb6-ec8e3b153357 type: similar - id: f459ccb4-9805-41ea-b5b2-55e279e2424a type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host. Once a connection has been started, an investigator can verify the connection details by viewing the "incoming_connections.txt" log file in the TeamViewer folder. ' references: - Internal Research author: Josh Nickels, Qi Nan date: 2024-03-11 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: /TeamViewer_Service Image|endswith: /TeamViewer_Desktop CommandLine|endswith: /TeamViewer_Desktop --IPCport 5939 --Module 1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of TeamViewer level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects commands that try to clear or tamper with the Linux command history. This technique is used by threat actors in. Logsource: linux. Rule: title: Linux Command History Tampering id: fdc88d25-96fb-4b7c-9633-c0e417fdbd4e status: test description: 'Detects commands that try to clear or tamper with the Linux command history. This technique is used by threat actors in order to evade defenses and execute commands without them being recorded in files such as "bash_history" or "zsh_history". ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1070.003/T1070.003.md - https://www.hackers-arise.com/post/2016/06/20/covering-your-bash-shell-tracks-antiforensics - https://www.cadosecurity.com/spinning-yarn-a-new-linux-malware-campaign-targets-docker-apache-hadoop-redis-and-confluence/ author: Patrick Bareiss date: 2019-03-24 modified: 2024-04-17 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: product: linux detection: keywords: - cat /dev/null >*sh_history - cat /dev/zero >*sh_history - chattr +i*sh_history - echo "" >*sh_history - empty_bash_history - export HISTFILESIZE=0 - history -c - history -w - ln -sf /dev/null *sh_history - ln -sf /dev/zero *sh_history - rm *sh_history - shopt -ou history - shopt -uo history - shred *sh_history - truncate -s0 *sh_history condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the malicious use of a control panel item. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Control Panel Items id: 0ba863e6-def5-4e50-9cea-4dd8c7dc46a4 status: test description: Detects the malicious use of a control panel item references: - https://ired.team/offensive-security/code-execution/code-execution-through-control-panel-add-ins author: Kyaw Min Thein, Furkan Caliskan (@caliskanfurkan_) date: 2020-06-22 modified: 2023-10-11 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.002 - attack.persistence - attack.t1546 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_reg_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_reg_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - add - CurrentVersion\Control Panel\CPLs selection_cpl: CommandLine|endswith: .cpl filter_cpl_sys: CommandLine|contains: - \System32\ - '%System%' - '|C:\Windows\system32|' filter_cpl_igfx: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'regsvr32 ' - ' /s ' - igfxCPL.cpl condition: all of selection_reg_* or (selection_cpl and not 1 of filter_cpl_*) falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command that type the content of ntdll.dll to a different file or a pipe in order to evade AV / EDR detection. A. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: NtdllPipe Like Activity Execution id: bbc865e4-7fcd-45a6-8ff1-95ced28ec5b2 status: test description: Detects command that type the content of ntdll.dll to a different file or a pipe in order to evade AV / EDR detection. As seen being used in the POC NtdllPipe references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20220306121156/https://www.x86matthew.com/view_post?id=ntdll_pipe author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-05 modified: 2023-03-07 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - type %windir%\system32\ntdll.dll - type %systemroot%\system32\ntdll.dll - type c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll - \\ntdll.dll > \\\\.\\pipe\\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in opm/read_sessionlog.php in Xceedium Xsuite 2.4.4.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ....// (quadruple dot doub
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4666. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in opm/read_sessionlog.php in Xceedium Xsuite 2.4.4.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ....// (quadruple dot double slash) in the logFile parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4616. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in includes/MapPinImageSave.php in the Easy2Map plugin before 1.2.5 for WordPress allows remote attackers to create arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the map_id parameter.
Query: telemetry for T1036.001
Matching passage: T1036.001 Invalid Code Signature. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.(Citation: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017) Unlike [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), this activity will not result in a valid signature.
Near-miss passage: T1036.003 Rename Legitimate Utilities. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may rename legitimate / system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for legitimate utilities adversaries are capable of abusing, including both built-in binaries and tools such as PSExec, AutoHotKey, and IronPython.(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)(Citation: Huntress Python Malware 2025)(Citation: The DFIR Report AutoHotKey 2023)(Citation: Splunk Detect Renamed PSExec) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>).(Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on these utilities executing from non-standard paths.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5102
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5102. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5094, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5103, CVE-2015-5104, and CVE-2015-5115.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3665. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3664 and CVE-2015-3669.