alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveragin
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveragin. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Indirect Command Execution via SFTP ProxyCommand id: 762bb580-79b4-40f4-8b9e-9349ce1710f4 status: experimental description: 'Detects the use of SFTP.exe to execute commands indirectly via ProxyCommand parameter. Threat actors were seen leveraging this legitimate Windows binary to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary commands while evading detection. ' references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Sftp/ - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2025/05/09/lumma-stealer-coming-and-going/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2026-04-27 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \sftp.exe CommandLine|contains: ProxyCommand= condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of SFTP with proxy commands for administration or networking tasks level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_lolbin_sftp_indirect_cmd_execution/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get acces. Logsource: windows / appmodel-runtime. Rule: title: Sysinternals Tools AppX Versions Execution id: d29a20b2-be4b-4827-81f2-3d8a59eab5fc status: test description: 'Detects execution of Sysinternals tools via an AppX package. Attackers could install the Sysinternals Suite to get access to tools such as psexec and procdump to avoid detection based on System paths. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/microsoft-store author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-16 modified: 2023-09-12 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows service: appmodel-runtime detection: selection: EventID: 201 ImageName: - procdump.exe - psloglist.exe - psexec.exe - livekd.exe - ADExplorer.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate usage of sysinternals applications from the Windows Store will trigger this. Apply exclusions as needed. level: low
Query: risk of Token validation methods are susceptible to a timing side-channel during HMAC comparison. With a large enough number of requests over a low latency connection, an attacker may use 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10004. CWE: CWE-668. CVSS: 7.5. Token validation methods are susceptible to a timing side-channel during HMAC comparison. With a large enough number of requests over a low latency connection, an attacker may use this to determine the expected HMAC.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7278. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Amped Wireless R10000 devices with firmware 2.5.2.11 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Publish/Subscribe Protocols
Matching passage: T1071.005 Publish/Subscribe Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using publish/subscribe (pub/sub) application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as <code>MQTT</code>, <code>XMPP</code>, <code>AMQP</code>, and <code>STOMP</code> use a publish/subscribe design, with message distribution managed by a centralized broker.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix) Publishers categorize their messages by topics, while subscribers receive messages according to their subscribed topics.(Citation: wailing crab sub/pub) An adversary may abuse publish/subscribe protocols to communicate with systems under their control from behind a message broker while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
Near-miss passage: T1071.003 Mail Protocols. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1094
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1094. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 1.899999976158142. IOAcceleratorFamily in Apple iOS before 8.3 and Apple TV before 7.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information about kernel memory via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6586. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 7.5. The mDNS module in Huawei WLAN AC6005, AC6605, and ACU2 devices with software before V200R006C00SPC100 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging failure to restrict processing of mDNS unicast queries to the link local network.
Query: detection engineering for TCC Manipulation
Matching passage: T1548.006 TCC Manipulation. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries can manipulate or abuse the Transparency, Consent, & Control (TCC) service or database to grant malicious executables elevated permissions. TCC is a Privacy & Security macOS control mechanism used to determine if the running process has permission to access the data or services protected by TCC, such as screen sharing, camera, microphone, or Full Disk Access (FDA). When an application requests to access data or a service protected by TCC, the TCC daemon (`tccd`) checks the TCC database, located at `/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db` (and `~/` equivalent), and an overwrites file (if connected to an MDM) for existing permissions. If permissions do not exist, then the user is prompted to grant permission. Once permissions are granted, the database stores the application's permissions and will not prompt the user again unless reset. For example, when a web browser requests permissions to the user's webcam, once granted the web browser may not explicitly prompt the user again.(Citation: welivesecurity TCC) Adversaries may access restricted data or services protected by TCC through abusing applications previously granted permissions through [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) or executing a malicious binary using another application. For example, adversaries can use Finder, a macOS native app with FDA permissions, to execute a malicious [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002). When executing under the Finder App, the malicious [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) inherits access to all files on the system without requiring a user prompt. When System Integrity Protection (SIP) is disabled, TCC protections are also disabled. For a system without SIP enabled, adversaries can manipulate the TCC database to add permissions to their malicious executable through loading an adversary controlled TCC database using environment variables and [Launchctl](https://attack.mitre.org/techni
Near-miss passage: T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk.(Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)(Citation: sudo man page 2018) An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Fortinet Fareit)
Query: CWE for Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element
Matching passage: CWE-793 Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element. The product receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1342 Information Exposure through Microarchitectural State after Transient Execution. The processor does not properly clear microarchitectural state after incorrect microcode assists or speculative execution, resulting in transient execution.
Query: intelligence brief on T1685.004
Matching passage: T1685.004 Disable or Modify Linux Audit System Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux Audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system activity such as process, network, file, and login events based on pre-configured rules. Often referred to as `auditd`, this is the name of the daemon used to write events to disk and is governed by the parameters set in the `audit.conf` configuration file. Two primary ways to configure the log generation rules are through the command line `auditctl` utility and the file `/etc/audit/audit.rules`, containing a sequence of `auditctl` commands loaded at boot time.(Citation: IzyKnows auditd threat detection 2022)(Citation: Red Hat Linux Disable or Mod) With root privileges, adversaries may be able to ensure their activity is not logged through disabling the Audit system service, editing the configuration/rule files, or by hooking the Audit system library functions. Using the command line, adversaries can disable the Audit system service through killing processes associated with `auditd` daemon or use `systemctl` to stop the Audit service. Adversaries can also hook Audit system functions to disable logging or modify the rules contained in the `/etc/audit/audit.rules` or `audit.conf` files to ignore malicious activity.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1685.005 Clear Windows Event Logs. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Audit. With administrator privileges, the event logs can be cleared with the following utility commands: * `wevtutil cl system` * `wevtutil cl application` * `wevtutil cl security` These logs may also be cleared through other mechanisms, such as the event viewer GUI or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). For example, adversaries may use the PowerShell command `Remove-EventLog -LogName Security` to delete the Security EventLog and after reboot, disable future logging. Note: events may still be generated and logged in the .evtx file between the time the command is run and the reboot.(Citation: disable_win_evt_logging) Adversaries may also attempt to clear logs by directly deleting the stored log files within `C:\Windows\System32\winevt\logs\`.
Query: write Sigma for Detects when a Security Compliance Center reported a user who exceeded sending limits of the service policies and becaus
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a Security Compliance Center reported a user who exceeded sending limits of the service policies and becaus. Logsource: m365 / threat_management. Rule: title: Microsoft 365 - User Restricted from Sending Email id: ff246f56-7f24-402a-baca-b86540e3925c status: test description: Detects when a Security Compliance Center reported a user who exceeded sending limits of the service policies and because of this has been restricted from sending email. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/anomaly-detection-policy - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/policy-template-reference author: austinsonger date: 2021-08-19 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.t1199 logsource: service: threat_management product: m365 detection: selection: eventSource: SecurityComplianceCenter eventName: User restricted from sending email status: success condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Raccine Uninstall id: a31eeaed-3fd5-478e-a8ba-e62c6b3f9ecc status: test description: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool. references: - https://github.com/Neo23x0/Raccine author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-01-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'taskkill ' - RaccineSettings.exe selection2: CommandLine|contains|all: - reg.exe - delete - Raccine Tray selection3: CommandLine|contains|all: - schtasks - /DELETE - Raccine Rules Updater condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate deinstallation by administrative staff level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9148
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9148. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, SD 400, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 600, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, SD 850, and SDX20, in the Diag User-PD command registration function, a length variable used during buffer allocation is not checked, so if it is very large, an integer overflow followed by a buffer overflow occurs.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3076. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-9161, CVE-2015-3046, CVE-2015-3049, CVE-2015-3050, CVE-2015-3051, CVE-2015-3052, CVE-2015-3056, CVE-2015-3057, and CVE-2015-3070.
Query: risk of The OpenID Single Sign-On authentication functionality in OXID eShop before 4.5.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate users via the email address in a crafted authentication tok
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6926. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 7.5. The OpenID Single Sign-On authentication functionality in OXID eShop before 4.5.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate users via the email address in a crafted authentication token.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7755. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Juniper ScreenOS 6.2.0r15 through 6.2.0r18, 6.3.0r12 before 6.3.0r12b, 6.3.0r13 before 6.3.0r13b, 6.3.0r14 before 6.3.0r14b, 6.3.0r15 before 6.3.0r15b, 6.3.0r16 before 6.3.0r16b, 6.3.0r17 before 6.3.0r17b, 6.3.0r18 before 6.3.0r18b, 6.3.0r19 before 6.3.0r19b, and 6.3.0r20 before 6.3.0r21 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access by entering an unspecified password during a (1) SSH or (2) TELNET session.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1081
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1081. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6287. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) 8.0.6-078 and 8.0.6-115 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (service outage) via a flood of TCP traffic that leads to DNS resolution delays, aka Bug IDs CSCur32005 and CSCur07907.
Query: alert when Identifies when a Google Cloud Kubernetes CronJob runs in Azure Cloud. Kubernetes Job is a controller that creates one o
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a Google Cloud Kubernetes CronJob runs in Azure Cloud. Kubernetes Job is a controller that creates one o. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud Kubernetes CronJob id: cd3a808c-c7b7-4c50-a2f3-f4cfcd436435 status: test description: 'Identifies when a Google Cloud Kubernetes CronJob runs in Azure Cloud. Kubernetes Job is a controller that creates one or more pods and ensures that a specified number of them successfully terminate. Kubernetes Job can be used to run containers that perform finite tasks for batch jobs. Kubernetes CronJob is used to schedule Jobs. An Adversary may use Kubernetes CronJob for scheduling execution of malicious code that would run as a container in the cluster. ' references: - https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs - https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/ - https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/ author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-11-22 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - io.k8s.api.batch.v*.Job - io.k8s.api.batch.v*.CronJob condition: selection falsepositives: - Google Cloud Kubernetes CronJob/Job may be done by a system administrator. - If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects blocked attempts to change any of Defender's settings such as "Real Time Monitoring" and "Behavior Monitoring". Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Microsoft Defender Tamper Protection Trigger id: 49e5bc24-8b86-49f1-b743-535f332c2856 status: stable description: Detects blocked attempts to change any of Defender's settings such as "Real Time Monitoring" and "Behavior Monitoring" references: - https://bhabeshraj.com/post/tampering-with-microsoft-defenders-tamper-protection - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide author: Bhabesh Raj, Nasreddine Bencherchali date: 2021-07-05 modified: 2022-12-06 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5013 Value|endswith: - \Windows Defender\DisableAntiSpyware - \Windows Defender\DisableAntiVirus - \Windows Defender\Scan\DisableArchiveScanning - \Windows Defender\Scan\DisableScanningNetworkFiles - \Real-Time Protection\DisableRealtimeMonitoring - \Real-Time Protection\DisableBehaviorMonitoring - \Real-Time Protection\DisableIOAVProtection - \Real-Time Protection\DisableScriptScanning condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator might try to disable defender features during testing (must be investigated) level: high
Query: vulnerability: The Jazz help system in IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management 4.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Quality Manager 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Team Concert 4
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0113. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The Jazz help system in IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management 4.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Quality Manager 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Team Concert 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Requirements Composer 4.0 through 4.0.7, Rational DOORS Next Generation 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Engineering Lifecycle Manager 4.0.3 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, Rational Rhapsody Design Manager 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2, and Rational Software Architect Design Manager 4.0 through 4.0.7 and 5.0 through 5.0.2 allows remote attackers to read JSP source code via a crafted request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3184. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. mod_authz_svn in Apache Subversion 1.7.x before 1.7.21 and 1.8.x before 1.8.14, when using Apache httpd 2.4.x, does not properly restrict anonymous access, which allows remote anonymous users to read hidden files via the path name.
Query: vulnerability: Stack-based buffer overflow in the *printf function implementations in PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0242. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the *printf function implementations in PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1, when running on a Windows system, allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a floating point number with a large precision, as demonstrated by using the to_char function.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5628. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 1000 R3.08.70 and earlier, CENTUM CS 3000 R3.09.50 and earlier, CENTUM CS 3000 Entry R3.09.50 and earlier, CENTUM VP R5.04.20 and earlier, CENTUM VP Entry R5.04.20 and earlier, ProSafe-RS R3.02.10 and earlier, Exaopc R3.72.00 and earlier, Exaquantum R2.85.00 and earlier, Exaquantum/Batch R2.50.30 and earlier, Exapilot R3.96.10 and earlier, Exaplog R3.40.00 and earlier, Exasmoc R4.03.20 and earlier, Exarqe R4.03.20 and earlier, Field Wireless Device OPC Server R2.01.02 and earlier, PRM R3.12.00 and earlier, STARDOM VDS R7.30.01 and earlier, STARDOM OPC Server for Windows R3.40 and earlier, FAST/TOOLS R10.01 and earlier, B/M9000CS R5.05.01 and earlier, B/M9000 VP R7.03.04 and earlier, and FieldMate R1.01 or R1.02 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.