alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: describe CVE-2015-9441
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9441. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The bookmarkify plugin 2.9.2 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via wp-admin/options-general.php?page=bookmarkify.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3349. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Htaccess module before 7.x-2.3 for Drupal allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) deploy or (2) delete an .htaccess file via unspecified vectors.
Query: playbook for alert: Suspicious DCSync execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1003.006 DCSync. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1003.006. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync. Members of
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1003.003 NTDS. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: detect Detects Azure Hybrid Connection Manager services querying the Azure service bus service in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Azure Hybrid Connection Manager services querying the Azure service bus service. Logsource: windows / dns_query. Rule: title: DNS HybridConnectionManager Service Bus id: 7bd3902d-8b8b-4dd4-838a-c6862d40150d status: test description: Detects Azure Hybrid Connection Manager services querying the Azure service bus service references: - https://twitter.com/Cyb3rWard0g/status/1381642789369286662 author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2021-04-12 modified: 2023-01-16 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1554 logsource: product: windows category: dns_query detection: selection: QueryName|contains: servicebus.windows.net Image|contains: HybridConnectionManager condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Azure Hybrid Connection Manager and the Azure Service Bus service level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. by a non-PowerShell process. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PowerShell Module File Created By Non-PowerShell Process id: e3845023-ca9a-4024-b2b2-5422156d5527 status: test description: Detects the creation of a new PowerShell module ".psm1", ".psd1", ".dll", ".ps1", etc. by a non-PowerShell process references: - Internal Research - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/developer/module/understanding-a-windows-powershell-module?view=powershell-7.3 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-09 modified: 2025-10-07 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: - \WindowsPowerShell\Modules\ - \PowerShell\7\Modules\ filter_main_pwsh: Image|endswith: - :\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe - :\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe - :\Windows\System32\poqexec.exe - :\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - :\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\poqexec.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe - :\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe filter_main_msiexec: Image: - C:\Windows\System32\msiexec.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msiexec.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-2717
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2717. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in libstagefright in Mozilla Firefox before 38.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and out-of-bounds read) via an MP4 video file containing invalid metadata.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2810. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the HwpApp::CHncSDS_Manager function in Hancom Office HanWord processor, as used in Hwp 2014 VP before 9.1.0.2342, HanWord Viewer 2007 and Viewer 2010 8.5.6.1158, and HwpViewer 2014 VP 9.1.0.2186, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly "influence the program's execution flow" via a document with a large paragraph size, which triggers heap corruption.
Query: vulnerability: Umbraco before 7.4.0 allows remote attackers to bypass anti-forgery security measures and conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks as demonstrated by editing user account 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8814. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Umbraco before 7.4.0 allows remote attackers to bypass anti-forgery security measures and conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks as demonstrated by editing user account information in the templates.asmx.cs file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4460. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SecuritySetting/UserSecurity/UserManagement.aspx in B.A.S C2Box before 4.0.0 (r19171) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add administrator accounts via certain vectors.
Query: detection rule: Detects S3 Browser utility creating IAM User or AccessKey.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects S3 Browser utility creating IAM User or AccessKey.. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS IAM S3Browser User or AccessKey Creation id: db014773-d9d9-4792-91e5-133337c0ffee status: test description: Detects S3 Browser utility creating IAM User or AccessKey. references: - https://permiso.io/blog/s/unmasking-guivil-new-cloud-threat-actor author: daniel.bohannon@permiso.io (@danielhbohannon) date: 2023-05-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.stealth - attack.t1059.009 - attack.t1078.004 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: iam.amazonaws.com eventName: - CreateUser - CreateAccessKey userAgent|contains: S3 Browser condition: selection falsepositives: - Valid usage of S3 Browser for IAM User and/or AccessKey creation level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell creating a PowerShell file (.ps1). While often times this behavior is benign, sometimes it can be a s. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: PowerShell Script Dropped Via PowerShell.EXE id: 576426ad-0131-4001-ae01-be175da0c108 status: test description: Detects PowerShell creating a PowerShell file (.ps1). While often times this behavior is benign, sometimes it can be a sign of a dropper script trying to achieve persistence. references: - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/onenote-growing-threat-malware-distribution author: frack113 date: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.persistence logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe TargetFilename|endswith: .ps1 filter_main_psscriptpolicytest: TargetFilename|contains: __PSScriptPolicyTest_ filter_main_appdata: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Users\ TargetFilename|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\ filter_main_windows_temp: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\Temp\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - False positives will differ depending on the environment and scripts used. Apply additional filters accordingly. level: low
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7069
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7069. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Mobile Replayer in GPUTools Framework in Apple iOS before 9.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via an app that provides a crafted pathname, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7070.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8597. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in Blue Coat ProxySG 6.5 before 6.5.8.8 and 6.6 and Advanced Secure Gateway (ASG) 6.6 might allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a base64-encoded URL in conjunction with a "clear text" one in a coaching page, as demonstrated by "http://www.%humbug-URL%.local/bluecoat-splash-API?%BASE64-URL%."
Query: campaign using Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
Matching passage: T1547.001 Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the "run keys" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level. The following run keys are created by default on Windows systems: * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run</code> * <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run</code> * <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce</code> Run keys may exist under multiple hives.(Citation: Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016) The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx</code> is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a "Depend" key with RunOnceEx: <code>reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\0001\Depend /v 1 /d "C:\temp\evil[.]dll"</code> (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018) Placing a program within a startup folder will also cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in. The startup folder path for the current user is <code>C:\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</code>. The startup folder path for all users is <code>C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp</code>. The following Registry
Near-miss passage: T1547.007 Re-opened Applications. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to "Reopen windows when logging back in".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When selected, all applications currently open are added to a property list file named <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> within the <code>~/Library/Preferences/ByHost</code> directory.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter) Applications listed in this file are automatically reopened upon the user’s next logon. Adversaries can establish [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) by adding a malicious application path to the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> file to execute payloads when a user logs in.
Query: write Sigma for This rule detects a DHCP server error in which a specified Callout DLL (in registry) could not be loaded
Matching passage: Sigma rule: This rule detects a DHCP server error in which a specified Callout DLL (in registry) could not be loaded. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: DHCP Server Error Failed Loading the CallOut DLL id: 75edd3fd-7146-48e5-9848-3013d7f0282c status: test description: This rule detects a DHCP server error in which a specified Callout DLL (in registry) could not be loaded references: - https://blog.3or.de/mimilib-dhcp-server-callout-dll-injection.html - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc726884(v=ws.10).aspx - https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/windows/desktop/aa363389(v=vs.85).aspx author: Dimitrios Slamaris, @atc_project (fix) date: 2017-05-15 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: EventID: - 1031 - 1032 - 1034 Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-DHCP-Server condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects new user account creation. Logsource: okta / okta. Rule: title: New Okta User Created id: b6c718dd-8f53-4b9f-98d8-93fdca966969 status: test description: Detects new user account creation author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-10-25 modified: 2026-04-27 references: - https://developer.okta.com/docs/reference/api/event-types/ tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: service: okta product: okta detection: selection: eventType: user.lifecycle.create condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate and authorized user creation level: informational
Query: exploit A Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in FortiManager 5.2.1 and earlier and 5.0.10 and earlier via an unspecified parameter in the FortiWeb auto update service page.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3612. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. A Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in FortiManager 5.2.1 and earlier and 5.0.10 and earlier via an unspecified parameter in the FortiWeb auto update service page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4656. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Synology Photo Station before 6.3-2945 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) success parameter to login.php or (2) crafted URL parameters to index.php, as demonstrated by the t parameter to photo/.
Query: common weakness: ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation
Matching passage: CWE-556 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation. Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1086 Class with Excessive Number of Child Classes. A class contains an unnecessarily large number of children.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4682
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4682. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.5. Polycom RealPresence Resource Manager (aka RPRM) before 8.4 allows remote authenticated users to obtain the installation path via an HTTP POST request to PlcmRmWeb/JConfigManager.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6747. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Basware Banking (Maksuliikenne) 8.90.07.X does not properly prevent access to private keys, which allows remote attackers to spoof communications with banks via unspecified vectors. NOTE: this identifier was SPLIT from CVE-2015-0942 per ADT2 due to different vulnerability types. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incorrect fix for CVE-2015-6746.
Query: mitigate Data Encoding
Matching passage: T1132 Data Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Near-miss passage: T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Unix Shell
Matching passage: T1059.004 Unix Shell. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux, macOS, and ESXi systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, ash, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells can control every aspect of a system, with certain commands requiring elevated privileges. Unix shells also support scripts that enable sequential execution of commands as well as other typical programming operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of shell scripts include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems. Adversaries may abuse Unix shells to execute various commands or payloads. Interactive shells may be accessed through command and control channels or during lateral movement such as with [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries may also leverage shell scripts to deliver and execute multiple commands on victims or as part of payloads used for persistence. Some systems, such as embedded devices, lightweight Linux distributions, and ESXi servers, may leverage stripped-down Unix shells via Busybox, a small executable that contains a variety of tools, including a simple shell.
Near-miss passage: T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and scripting capabilities, for example, macOS and Linux distributions include some flavor of [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004) while Windows installations include the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). There are also cross-platform interpreters such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006), as well as those commonly associated with client applications such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005). Adversaries may abuse these technologies in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. Commands and scripts can be embedded in [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) payloads delivered to victims as lure documents or as secondary payloads downloaded from an existing C2. Adversaries may also execute commands through interactive terminals/shells, as well as utilize various [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) in order to achieve remote Execution.(Citation: Powershell Remote Commands)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)(Citation: Remote Shell Execution in Python)
Query: vulnerability: A vulnerability was found in rt-prettyphoto Plugin up to 1.2 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function royal_prettyphoto_plugin_links of th
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10128. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability was found in rt-prettyphoto Plugin up to 1.2 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function royal_prettyphoto_plugin_links of the file rt-prettyphoto.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.3 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 0d3d38cfa487481b66869e4212df1cefc281ecb7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-249422 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8350. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Calls to Action plugin before 2.5.1 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) open-tab parameter in a wp_cta_global_settings action to wp-admin/edit.php or (2) wp-cta-variation-id parameter to ab-testing-call-to-action-example/.
Query: risk of jquery_ujs.js in jquery-rails before 3.1.3 and 4.x before 4.0.4 and rails.js in jquery-ujs before 1.0.4, as used with Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.x, allow remote attackers to bypass th
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1840. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. jquery_ujs.js in jquery-rails before 3.1.3 and 4.x before 4.0.4 and rails.js in jquery-ujs before 1.0.4, as used with Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.x, allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy, and trigger transmission of a CSRF token to a different-domain web server, via a leading space character in a URL within an attribute value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5041. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. The J9 JVM in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 6 before SR16 FP20, 6 R1 before SR8 FP20, 7 before SR9 FP30, and 7 R1 before SR3 FP30 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or inject data by invoking non-public interface methods.
Query: weakness Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
Matching passage: CWE-939 Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme. The product uses a handler for a custom URL scheme, but it does not properly restrict which actors can invoke the handler using the scheme.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1296 Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components. The product's debug components contain incorrect chaining or granularity of debug components.
Query: CWE for Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Matching passage: CWE-1188 Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default. The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.
Near-miss passage: CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness. The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.