alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: threat report mentioning Disable or Modify Linux Audit System Log
Matching passage: T1685.004 Disable or Modify Linux Audit System Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux Audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system activity such as process, network, file, and login events based on pre-configured rules. Often referred to as `auditd`, this is the name of the daemon used to write events to disk and is governed by the parameters set in the `audit.conf` configuration file. Two primary ways to configure the log generation rules are through the command line `auditctl` utility and the file `/etc/audit/audit.rules`, containing a sequence of `auditctl` commands loaded at boot time.(Citation: IzyKnows auditd threat detection 2022)(Citation: Red Hat Linux Disable or Mod) With root privileges, adversaries may be able to ensure their activity is not logged through disabling the Audit system service, editing the configuration/rule files, or by hooking the Audit system library functions. Using the command line, adversaries can disable the Audit system service through killing processes associated with `auditd` daemon or use `systemctl` to stop the Audit service. Adversaries can also hook Audit system functions to disable logging or modify the rules contained in the `/etc/audit/audit.rules` or `audit.conf` files to ignore malicious activity.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)
Near-miss passage: T1685.003 Modify or Spoof Tool UI. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may spoof or manipulate security tool user interfaces (UIs) to falsely indicate tools are functioning normally and delay detection and response. Adversaries may present misleading or falsified security tool interfaces (UIs) that display normal or healthy status indicators, even when underlying security tools have been disabled, degraded, or otherwise tampered with. Security tools typically provide visibility into system health, alerting, and operational status; by misrepresenting this information, adversaries can undermine defender trust in these signals and obscure the true security posture of the system. This behavior is often used in conjunction with efforts to disable or modify tools, where adversaries first impair the functionality of defenses (e.g., EDR, logging agents) and then replace or mimic their interfaces to conceal the loss of visibility. By maintaining the appearance of normal operations, such as showing active protection, successful updates, or absence of threats, adversaries can delay investigation and response, enabling continued malicious activity. For example, adversaries may display a fake Windows Security interface or system tray icon indicating a “protected” or “healthy” state after disabling Windows Defender or related services.(Citation: BlackBasta)
Query: threat report mentioning Firmware Corruption
Matching passage: T1495 Firmware Corruption. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot, thus denying the availability to use the devices and/or the system.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is software that is loaded and executed from non-volatile memory on hardware devices in order to initialize and manage device functionality. These devices may include the motherboard, hard drive, or video cards. In general, adversaries may manipulate, overwrite, or corrupt firmware in order to deny the use of the system or devices. For example, corruption of firmware responsible for loading the operating system for network devices may render the network devices inoperable.(Citation: dhs_threat_to_net_devices)(Citation: cisa_malware_orgs_ukraine) Depending on the device, this attack may also result in [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485).
Near-miss passage: T1490 Inhibit System Recovery. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may delete or remove built-in data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) This may deny access to available backups and recovery options. Operating systems may contain features that can help fix corrupted systems, such as a backup catalog, volume shadow copies, and automatic repair features. Adversaries may disable or delete system recovery features to augment the effects of [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) Furthermore, adversaries may disable recovery notifications, then corrupt backups.(Citation: disable_notif_synology_ransom) A number of native Windows utilities have been used by adversaries to disable or delete system recovery features: * <code>vssadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete all volume shadow copies on a system - <code>vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet</code> * [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) can be used to delete volume shadow copies - <code>wmic shadowcopy delete</code> * <code>wbadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete the Windows Backup Catalog - <code>wbadmin.exe delete catalog -quiet</code> * <code>bcdedit.exe</code> can be used to disable automatic Windows recovery features by modifying boot configuration data - <code>bcdedit.exe /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures & bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled no</code> * <code>REAgentC.exe</code> can be used to disable Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) repair/recovery options of an infected system * <code>diskshadow.exe</code> can be used to delete all volume shadow copies on a system - <code>diskshadow delete shadows all</code> (Citation: Diskshadow) (Citation: Crytox Ransomware) On network devices, adversaries may
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1580
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1580. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Redirection Page plugin 1.2 for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) change plugin settings or conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the (2) source or (3) redir parameter in an add action in the redirection-page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9421. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.5. The olevmedia-shortcodes plugin before 1.1.9 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=omsc_popup id parameter.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4184
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4184. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The anti-spam scanner on Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) devices 3.3.1-09, 7.5.1-gpl-022, and 8.5.6-074 allows remote attackers to bypass intended e-mail restrictions via a malformed DNS SPF record, aka Bug IDs CSCuu35853 and CSCuu37733.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2951. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. JWT.php in F21 JWT before 2.0 allows remote attackers to bypass signature verification via crafted tokens.
Query: exploit The MQXR service in WMQ Telemetry in IBM WebSphere MQ 7.1 before 7.1.0.7, 7.5 through 7.5.0.5, and 8.0 before 8.0.0.4 uses world-readable permissions for a cleartext file containin
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2012. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The MQXR service in WMQ Telemetry in IBM WebSphere MQ 7.1 before 7.1.0.7, 7.5 through 7.5.0.5, and 8.0 before 8.0.0.4 uses world-readable permissions for a cleartext file containing the SSL keystore password, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by reading this file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8669. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. libraries/config/messages.inc.php in phpMyAdmin 4.0.x before 4.0.10.12, 4.4.x before 4.4.15.2, and 4.5.x before 4.5.3.1 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted request, which reveals the full path in an error message.
Query: detection rule: Detects when a repository or an organization is being transferred to another location.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a repository or an organization is being transferred to another location.. Logsource: github / audit. Rule: title: Github Repository/Organization Transferred id: 04ad83ef-1a37-4c10-b57a-81092164bf33 status: test description: Detects when a repository or an organization is being transferred to another location. references: - https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/transferring-a-repository - https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/managing-organization-settings/transferring-organization-ownership - https://docs.github.com/en/migrations - https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin/monitoring-activity-in-your-enterprise/reviewing-audit-logs-for-your-enterprise/audit-log-events-for-your-enterprise#migration author: Romain Gaillard (@romain-gaillard) date: 2024-07-29 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1020 - attack.t1537 logsource: product: github service: audit definition: 'Requirements: The audit log streaming feature must be enabled to be able to receive such logs. You can enable following the documentation here: https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin/monitoring-activity-in-your-enterprise/reviewing-audit-logs-for-your-enterprise/streaming-the-audit-log-for-your-enterprise#setting-up-audit-log-streaming' detection: selection: action: - migration.create - org.transfer_outgoing - org.transfer - repo.transfer_outgoing condition: selection falsepositives: - Allowed administrative activities. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the PowerShell execution policy registry key in order to bypass signing requirements for script execu. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential PowerShell Execution Policy Tampering - ProcCreation id: cf2e938e-9a3e-4fe8-a347-411642b28a9f related: - id: fad91067-08c5-4d1a-8d8c-d96a21b37814 type: similar - id: 87e3c4e8-a6a8-4ad9-bb4f-46e7ff99a180 type: similar - id: 61d0475c-173f-4844-86f7-f3eebae1c66b type: similar status: test description: Detects changes to the PowerShell execution policy registry key in order to bypass signing requirements for script execution from the CommandLine references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/set-executionpolicy?view=powershell-7.3 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-11 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_path: CommandLine|contains: - \ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell\ExecutionPolicy - \Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\ExecutionPolicy selection_values: CommandLine|contains: - Bypass - RemoteSigned - Unrestricted condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6288
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6288. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 5.0. Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) 7.8.0-000 does not properly validate credentials, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (rapid log-file rollover and application fault) via crafted HTTP requests, aka Bug ID CSCuw09620.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1079. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" with the "/FO" flag to choose CSV as output format or with redirection options to
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" with the "/FO" flag to choose CSV as output format or with redirection options to. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Whoami.EXE Execution With Output Option id: c30fb093-1109-4dc8-88a8-b30d11c95a5d status: test description: Detects the execution of "whoami.exe" with the "/FO" flag to choose CSV as output format or with redirection options to export the results to a file for later use. references: - https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1247926/agent-tesla-keylogger-delivered-inside-a-power-iso-daa-archive/ - https://app.any.run/tasks/7eaba74e-c1ea-400f-9c17-5e30eee89906/ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsJ9ByX84o4&t=6s author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-28 modified: 2023-12-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 - car.2016-03-001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_main_img: - Image|endswith: \whoami.exe - OriginalFileName: whoami.exe selection_main_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' /FO CSV' - ' -FO CSV' selection_special: CommandLine|contains: whoami*> condition: all of selection_main_* or selection_special falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential RDP connection via Mstsc using a local ".rdp" file located in suspicious locations.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Mstsc.EXE Execution With Local RDP File id: 6e22722b-dfb1-4508-a911-49ac840b40f8 status: test description: Detects potential RDP connection via Mstsc using a local ".rdp" file located in suspicious locations. references: - https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/rogue-rdp-revisiting-initial-access-methods/ - https://web.archive.org/web/20230726144748/https://blog.thickmints.dev/mintsights/detecting-rogue-rdp/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-04-18 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \mstsc.exe - OriginalFileName: mstsc.exe selection_extension: CommandLine|endswith: - .rdp - .rdp" selection_paths: CommandLine|contains: - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color - ':\Windows\System32\Tasks_Migrated ' - :\Windows\Tasks\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - :\Windows\Tracing\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \Downloads\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Likelihood is related to how often the paths are used in the environment level: high
Query: campaign using Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
Matching passage: T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Near-miss passage: T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol.
Query: risk of Westermo WeOS before 4.19.0 uses the same SSL private key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to defeat cryptographic p
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7923. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 9.0. Westermo WeOS before 4.19.0 uses the same SSL private key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to defeat cryptographic protection mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of a key.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1571. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The CAPWAP DTLS protocol implementation in Fortinet FortiOS 5.0 Patch 7 build 4457 uses the same certificate and private key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL servers by leveraging the Fortinet_Factory certificate and private key. NOTE: FG-IR-15-002 says "The Fortinet_Factory certificate is unique to each device ... An attacker cannot therefore stage a MitM attack.
Query: rule covering Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file to a suspicious target folder
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file to a suspicious target folder. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Download Via Bitsadmin To A Suspicious Target Folder id: 2ddef153-167b-4e89-86b6-757a9e65dcac related: - id: 6e30c82f-a9f8-4aab-b79c-7c12bce6f248 type: obsolete - id: 1cf465a1-2609-4c15-9b66-c32dbe4bfd67 type: similar status: test description: Detects usage of bitsadmin downloading a file to a suspicious target folder references: - https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-download-a-file/#bitsadmin - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/22264 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Bitsadmin/ - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/breaking-the-silence-recent-truebot-activity/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-28 modified: 2025-12-10 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 - attack.s0190 - attack.t1036.003 - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \bitsadmin.exe - OriginalFileName: bitsadmin.exe selection_flags: CommandLine|contains: - ' /transfer ' - ' /create ' - ' /addfile ' selection_folder: CommandLine|contains: - :\Perflogs - :\ProgramData\ - :\Temp\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\ - \$Recycle.Bin\ - \AppData\Local\ - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Contacts\ - \Desktop\ - \Favorites\ - \Favourites\ - \inetpub\wwwroot\ - \Music\ - \Pictures\ - \Start Menu\Programs\Startup\ - \Users\Default\ - \Videos\ - '%ProgramData%' - '%public%' - '%temp%' - '%tmp%' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_bitsadmin_download_susp_targetfolder/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Windows - BITSAdmin BITS Download technique: T1105 atomic_guid: a1921cd3-9a2d-47d5-a891-f1d0f2a7a31b
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "rundll32" calling "advpack.dll" with potential obfuscated ordinal calls in order to leverage the ". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Advpack Call Via Rundll32.EXE id: a1473adb-5338-4a20-b4c3-126763e2d3d3 status: test description: Detects execution of "rundll32" calling "advpack.dll" with potential obfuscated ordinal calls in order to leverage the "RegisterOCX" function references: - https://twitter.com/Hexacorn/status/1224848930795552769 - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/02/05/stay-positive-lolbins-not/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-05-17 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE - CommandLine|contains: rundll32 selection_cli_dll: CommandLine|contains: advpack selection_cli_ordinal: - CommandLine|contains|all: - '#+' - '12' - CommandLine|contains: '#-' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1624
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1624. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0028. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0048.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8793
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8793. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in program/include/rcmail.php in Roundcube before 1.0.6 and 1.1.x before 1.1.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the _mbox parameter in a mail task to the default URL, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-2937.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0913. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in EasyCTF before 1.4 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: common weakness: Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier
Matching passage: CWE-694 Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier. The product uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1066 Missing Serialization Control Element. The product contains a serializable data element that does not have an associated serialization method.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0204
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0204. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The ssl3_get_key_exchange function in s3_clnt.c in OpenSSL before 0.9.8zd, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0p, and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1k allows remote SSL servers to conduct RSA-to-EXPORT_RSA downgrade attacks and facilitate brute-force decryption by offering a weak ephemeral RSA key in a noncompliant role, related to the "FREAK" issue. NOTE: the scope of this CVE is only client code based on OpenSSL, not EXPORT_RSA issues associated with servers or other TLS implementations.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1454. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.099999904632568. Blue Coat ProxyClient before 3.3.3.3 and 3.4.x before 3.4.4.10 and Unified Agent before 4.1.3.151952 does not properly validate certain certificates, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof ProxySG Client Managers, and consequently modify configurations and execute arbitrary software updates, via a crafted certificate.