alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Cloud Firewall
Matching passage: T1686.001 Cloud Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and protocols. An adversary with appropriate permissions may introduce new firewall rules or policies to allow access into a victim cloud environment and/or move laterally from the cloud control plane to the data plane. For example, an adversary may use a script or utility that creates new ingress rules in existing security groups (or creates new security groups entirely) to allow any TCP/IP connectivity to a cloud-hosted instance. They may also remove networking limitations to support traffic associated with malicious activity (such as cryptomining).(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022)(Citation: Expel AWS)
Near-miss passage: T1686.003 Windows Host Firewall. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows host firewall to bypass controls limiting network usage. This can include disabling the Windows host firewall entirely, suppressing specific profiles (domain, private, public), or adding, deleting, and modifying firewall rules to allow or restrict traffic.(Citation: Nearest Neighbor Volexity) Adversaries may perform these modifications through multiple mechanisms depending on the Windows operating system and access level. For example, adversaries may use command-line utilities (e.g., `netsh advfirewall` or PowerShell cmdlets like `Set-NetFirewallProfile`, `New-NetFirewallRule`), Windows Registry modifications (e.g., altering firewall states and rule configurations via registry keys), or the Windows Control Panel to modify firewall settings through the Windows Security interface. By disabling or modifying Windows firewall services, adversaries may enable access to remote services, open ports for command and control traffic, or configure rules for further actions.
Query: mitigate System Network Connections Discovery
Matching passage: T1049 System Network Connections Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. An adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or Virtual Networks in order to determine what systems and services are connected. The actions performed are likely the same types of discovery techniques depending on the operating system, but the resulting information may include details about the networked cloud environment relevant to the adversary's goals. Cloud providers may have different ways in which their virtual networks operate.(Citation: Amazon AWS VPC Guide)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview)(Citation: Google VPC Overview) Similarly, adversaries who gain access to network devices may also perform similar discovery activities to gather information about connected systems and services. Utilities and commands that acquire this information include [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104), "net use," and "net session" with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). In Mac and Linux, [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) and <code>lsof</code> can be used to list current connections. <code>who -a</code> and <code>w</code> can be used to show which users are currently logged in, similar to "net session". Additionally, built-in features native to network devices and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) may be used (e.g. <code>show ip sockets</code>, <code>show tcp brief</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) On ESXi servers, the command `esxi network ip connection list` can be used to list active network connections.(Citation: Sygnia ESXi Ransomware 2025)
Near-miss passage: T1538 Cloud Service Dashboard. Tactics: discovery. Description: An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, review findings of potential security risks, and run additional queries, such as finding public IP addresses and open ports.(Citation: Google Command Center Dashboard) Depending on the configuration of the environment, an adversary may be able to enumerate more information via the graphical dashboard than an API. This also allows the adversary to gain information without manually making any API requests.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4800
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4800. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.26 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Server : Optimizer.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8432. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8065, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Query: describe CVE-2015-3127
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3127. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3118, CVE-2015-3124, CVE-2015-3128, CVE-2015-3129, CVE-2015-3131, CVE-2015-3132, CVE-2015-3136, CVE-2015-3137, CVE-2015-4428, CVE-2015-4430, and CVE-2015-5117.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0431. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Management component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.0 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, and 6.3.5 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to UI Infrastructure.
Query: rule covering Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Over Permissive Permissions Granted Using Dsacls.EXE id: 01c42d3c-242d-4655-85b2-34f1739632f7 status: test description: Detects usage of Dsacls to grant over permissive permissions references: - https://ss64.com/nt/dsacls.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc771151(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-06-20 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \dsacls.exe - OriginalFileName: DSACLS.EXE selection_flag: CommandLine|contains: ' /G ' selection_permissions: CommandLine|contains: - GR - GE - GW - GA - WP - WD condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrators granting over permissive permissions to users level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters or strings often used by crypto miners. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Crypto Mining Activity id: 66c3b204-9f88-4d0a-a7f7-8a57d521ca55 status: stable description: Detects command line parameters or strings often used by crypto miners references: - https://www.poolwatch.io/coin/monero author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-26 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1496 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - ' --cpu-priority=' - --donate-level=0 - ' -o pool.' - ' --nicehash' - ' --algo=rx/0 ' - stratum+tcp:// - stratum+udp:// - LS1kb25hdGUtbGV2ZWw9 - 0tZG9uYXRlLWxldmVsP - tLWRvbmF0ZS1sZXZlbD - c3RyYXR1bSt0Y3A6Ly - N0cmF0dW0rdGNwOi8v - zdHJhdHVtK3RjcDovL - c3RyYXR1bSt1ZHA6Ly - N0cmF0dW0rdWRwOi8v - zdHJhdHVtK3VkcDovL filter: CommandLine|contains: - ' pool.c ' - ' pool.o ' - gcc - condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Legitimate use of crypto miners - Some build frameworks level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5958
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5958. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. phpFileManager 0.9.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2955. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 7.5. Igreks MilkyStep Light 0.94 and earlier and Professional 1.82 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Adversaries may use Valid Accounts to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may the in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may use Valid Accounts to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may the. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - WinRM Access Via Evil-WinRM id: a197e378-d31b-41c0-9635-cfdf1c1bb423 status: test description: Adversaries may use Valid Accounts to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1021.006/T1021.006.md#atomic-test-3---winrm-access-with-evil-winrm - https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm author: frack113 date: 2022-01-07 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.006 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \ruby.exe CommandLine|contains|all: - '-i ' - '-u ' - '-p ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the injection of code by overwriting the memory map of a Linux process using the "dd" Linux command.. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Linux Process Code Injection Via DD Utility id: 4cad6c64-d6df-42d6-8dae-eb78defdc415 status: test description: Detects the injection of code by overwriting the memory map of a Linux process using the "dd" Linux command. references: - https://www.aon.com/cyber-solutions/aon_cyber_labs/linux-based-inter-process-code-injection-without-ptrace2/ - https://github.com/AonCyberLabs/Cexigua/blob/34d338620afae4c6335ba8d8d499e1d7d3d5d7b5/overwrite.sh author: Joseph Kamau date: 2023-12-01 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1055.009 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: Image|endswith: /dd CommandLine|contains|all: - of= - /proc/ - /mem condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: risk of Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.289 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.188 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.460 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 17.0.0.172, Adobe AIR SDK before
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3092. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.289 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.188 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.460 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 17.0.0.172, Adobe AIR SDK before 17.0.0.172, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 17.0.0.172 do not properly restrict discovery of memory addresses, which allows attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3091.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2005. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. IBM Security QRadar SIEM 7.1.x before 7.1 MR2 Patch 12 and 7.2.x before 7.2.5 Patch 6 does not properly expire sessions, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by leveraging an unattended workstation.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8893
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8893. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. app/aboot/aboot.c in the Qualcomm bootloader in Android before 2016-07-05 on Nexus 5 and 7 (2013) devices allows attackers to cause a denial of service (OS outage or buffer over-read) via a crafted application, aka Android internal bug 28822690 and Qualcomm internal bug CR822275.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9158. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, in a QTEE crypto function, a buffer overflow can occur.
Query: detect Detects BitLocker Access Agent Update Utility (baaupdate.exe) loading DLLs from suspicious locations that are publicly w in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects BitLocker Access Agent Update Utility (baaupdate.exe) loading DLLs from suspicious locations that are publicly w. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: BaaUpdate.exe Suspicious DLL Load id: 6e8fe0a8-ba0b-4a93-8f9e-82657e7a5984 related: - id: 9f38c1db-e2ae-40bf-81d0-5b68f73fb512 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects BitLocker Access Agent Update Utility (baaupdate.exe) loading DLLs from suspicious locations that are publicly writable which could indicate an attempt to lateral movement via BitLocker DCOM & COM Hijacking. This technique abuses COM Classes configured as INTERACTIVE USER to spawn processes in the context of the logged-on user''s session. Specifically, it targets the BDEUILauncher Class (CLSID ab93b6f1-be76-4185-a488-a9001b105b94) which can launch BaaUpdate.exe, which is vulnerable to COM Hijacking when started with input parameters. This allows attackers to execute code in the user''s context without needing to steal credentials or use additional techniques to compromise the account. ' references: - https://github.com/rtecCyberSec/BitlockMove author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-10-18 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.003 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \BaaUpdate.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: .dll ImageLoaded|contains: - :\Perflogs\ - :\Users\Default\ - :\Users\Public\ - :\Windows\Temp\ - \AppData\Local\Temp\ - \AppData\Roaming\ - \Contacts\ - \Favorites\ - \Favourites\ - \Links\ - \Music\ - \Pictures\ - \ProgramData\ - \Temporary Internet - \Videos\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Device code flow is an OAuth 2.0 protocol flow specifically for input constrained devices and is not used in all environ. Logsource: azure / signinlogs. Rule: title: Application Using Device Code Authentication Flow id: 248649b7-d64f-46f0-9fb2-a52774166fb5 status: test description: 'Device code flow is an OAuth 2.0 protocol flow specifically for input constrained devices and is not used in all environments. If this type of flow is seen in the environment and not being used in an input constrained device scenario, further investigation is warranted. This can be a misconfigured application or potentially something malicious. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-applications#application-authentication-flows author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Bailey Bercik '@baileybercik' date: 2022-06-01 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1078 - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.initial-access logsource: product: azure service: signinlogs detection: selection: properties.message: Device Code condition: selection falsepositives: - Applications that are input constrained will need to use device code flow and are valid authentications. level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for aws / cloudtrail
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a EFS Fileshare is modified or deleted. You can't delete a file system that is in use. If the file system h. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS EFS Fileshare Modified or Deleted id: 25cb1ba1-8a19-4a23-a198-d252664c8cef status: test description: 'Detects when a EFS Fileshare is modified or deleted. You can''t delete a file system that is in use. If the file system has any mount targets, the adversary must first delete them, so deletion of a mount will occur before deletion of a fileshare. ' references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/API_DeleteFileSystem.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-15 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: elasticfilesystem.amazonaws.com eventName: DeleteFileSystem condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects AWS Config Service disabling. Logsource: aws / cloudtrail. Rule: title: AWS Config Disabling Channel/Recorder id: 07330162-dba1-4746-8121-a9647d49d297 status: test description: Detects AWS Config Service disabling references: - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/config/latest/developerguide/cloudtrail-log-files-for-aws-config.html author: vitaliy0x1 date: 2020-01-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685.002 logsource: product: aws service: cloudtrail detection: selection: eventSource: config.amazonaws.com eventName: - DeleteDeliveryChannel - StopConfigurationRecorder condition: selection falsepositives: - Valid change in AWS Config Service level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8814
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8814. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Umbraco before 7.4.0 allows remote attackers to bypass anti-forgery security measures and conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks as demonstrated by editing user account information in the templates.asmx.cs file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4460. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SecuritySetting/UserSecurity/UserManagement.aspx in B.A.S C2Box before 4.0.0 (r19171) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add administrator accounts via certain vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Integer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reade
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5109. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5097 and CVE-2015-5108.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8751. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the jas_matrix_create function in JasPer allows context-dependent attackers to have unspecified impact via a crafted JPEG 2000 image, related to integer multiplication for memory allocation.
Query: intelligence brief on T1552.001
Matching passage: T1552.001 Credentials In Files. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords. It is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003).(Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller.(Citation: SRD GPP) In cloud and/or containerized environments, authenticated user and service account credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) They may also be found as parameters to deployment commands in container logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files.(Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)
Near-miss passage: T1552.008 Chat Messages. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user communication. Users may share various forms of credentials (such as usernames and passwords, API keys, or authentication tokens) on private or public corporate internal communications channels. Rather than accessing the stored chat logs (i.e., [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001)), adversaries may directly access credentials within these services on the user endpoint, through servers hosting the services, or through administrator portals for cloud hosted services. Adversaries may also compromise integration tools like Slack Workflows to automatically search through messages to extract user credentials. These credentials may then be abused to perform follow-on activities such as lateral movement or privilege escalation (Citation: Slack Security Risks).
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2976
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2976. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Research Artisan Lite before 1.18 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) a crafted HTML document or (2) a crafted URL that is mishandled during access-log analysis.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6511. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in pfSense before 2.2.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the server[] parameter to services_ntpd.php.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5154
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5154. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Heap-based buffer overflow in the IDE subsystem in QEMU, as used in Xen 4.5.x and earlier, when the container has a CDROM drive enabled, allows local guest users to execute arbitrary code on the host via unspecified ATAPI commands.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3700. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Buffer overflow in the Intel Graphics Driver in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3695, CVE-2015-3696, CVE-2015-3697, CVE-2015-3698, CVE-2015-3699, CVE-2015-3701, and CVE-2015-3702.