alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: detect Detects the creation of a new user account. Such accounts may be used for persistence that do not require persistent rem in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new user account. Such accounts may be used for persistence that do not require persistent rem. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Creation Of An User Account id: 759d0d51-bc99-4b5e-9add-8f5b2c8e7512 status: test description: Detects the creation of a new user account. Such accounts may be used for persistence that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system. references: - https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/security_guide/sec-understanding_audit_log_files - https://access.redhat.com/articles/4409591#audit-record-types-2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmvY5SQm5-Y&ab_channel=M45C07 author: Marie Euler, Pawel Mazur date: 2020-05-18 modified: 2022-12-20 tags: - attack.t1136.001 - attack.persistence logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection_syscall_record_type: type: SYSCALL exe|endswith: /useradd selection_add_user_record_type: type: ADD_USER condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Admin activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the deletion of the "Zone.Identifier" ADS by an uncommon process. Attackers can leverage this in order to bypass. Logsource: windows / file_delete. Rule: title: ADS Zone.Identifier Deleted By Uncommon Application id: 3109530e-ab47-4cc6-a953-cac5ebcc93ae related: - id: 7eac0a16-5832-4e81-865f-0268a6d19e4b type: similar status: test description: Detects the deletion of the "Zone.Identifier" ADS by an uncommon process. Attackers can leverage this in order to bypass security restrictions that make use of the ADS such as Microsoft Office apps. references: - https://securityliterate.com/how-malware-abuses-the-zone-identifier-to-circumvent-detection-and-analysis/ - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-09-04 modified: 2025-07-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.004 logsource: product: windows category: file_delete detection: selection: TargetFilename|endswith: :Zone.Identifier filter_main_generic: Image: - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe - C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe - C:\Windows\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\explorer.exe - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe filter_optional_browsers_chrome: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe - C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe filter_optional_browsers_firefox: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe - C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe filter_optional_browsers_msedge: Image: - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe - C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Other third party applications not listed. level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-6153
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6153. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6140, CVE-2015-6142, CVE-2015-6143, CVE-2015-6158, CVE-2015-6159, and CVE-2015-6160.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9172. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, in a WideVine API function, a buffer over-read can occur.
Query: risk of Unisys Libra 43xx, 63xx, and 83xx, and FS600 class systems with MCP-FIRMWARE 40.0 before 40.0IC4 Build 270 might allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (data
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4049. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Unisys Libra 43xx, 63xx, and 83xx, and FS600 class systems with MCP-FIRMWARE 40.0 before 40.0IC4 Build 270 might allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (data corruption or system crash) via vectors related to using program operators during EPSILON (level 5) based codefiles at peak memory usage, which triggers CPM stack corruption.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6136. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The Microsoft (1) VBScript 5.7 and 5.8 and (2) JScript 5.7 and 5.8 engines, as used in Internet Explorer 8 through 11 and other products, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: detection rule: Detects the execution of Sysinternals ADExplorer with the "-snapshot" flag in order to save a local copy of the active d
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Sysinternals ADExplorer with the "-snapshot" flag in order to save a local copy of the active d. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Active Directory Database Snapshot Via ADExplorer id: ef61af62-bc74-4f58-b49b-626448227652 related: - id: 9212f354-7775-4e28-9c9f-8f0a4544e664 type: derived status: test description: Detects the execution of Sysinternals ADExplorer with the "-snapshot" flag in order to save a local copy of the active directory database to a suspicious directory. This can be used by attackers to extract data for Bloodhound, usernames for password spraying or use the meta data for social engineering. The snapshot doesn't contain password hashes but there have been cases, where administrators put passwords in the comment field. references: - https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5743766-Global-Threat-Report-2019.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/sysinternals/downloads/adexplorer - https://github.com/c3c/ADExplorerSnapshot.py/tree/f700904defac330802bbfedd1d8ffd9248f4ee24 - https://www.packetlabs.net/posts/scattered-spider-is-a-young-ransomware-gang-exploiting-large-corporations/ - https://www.nccgroup.com/us/research-blog/lapsus-recent-techniques-tactics-and-procedures/ - https://trustedsec.com/blog/adexplorer-on-engagements author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-14 modified: 2025-07-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.002 - attack.t1069.002 - attack.t1482 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \ADExp.exe - \ADExplorer.exe - \ADExplorer64.exe - \ADExplorer64a.exe - OriginalFileName: AdExp - Description: Active Directory Editor - Product: Sysinternals ADExplorer selection_flag: CommandLine|contains: snapshot selection_paths: CommandLine|contains: - \Downloads\ - \Users\Public\ - \AppData\ - \Windows\Temp\ condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detect changes of syslog daemons configuration files. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Logging Configuration Changes on Linux Host id: c830f15d-6f6e-430f-8074-6f73d6807841 status: test description: Detect changes of syslog daemons configuration files references: - self experience author: Mikhail Larin, oscd.community date: 2019-10-25 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: selection: type: PATH name: - /etc/syslog.conf - /etc/rsyslog.conf - /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative activity level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9032
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9032. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. In all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a DRM key was exposed to QTEE applications.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5898. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. CFNetwork in Apple iOS before 9 relies on the hardware UID for its cache encryption key, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by obtaining this UID.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8080
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8080. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the getnum function in lua_struct.c in Redis 2.8.x before 2.8.24 and 3.0.x before 3.0.6 allows context-dependent attackers with permission to run Lua code in a Redis session to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly bypass intended sandbox restrictions via a large number, which triggers a stack-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5707. CWE: CWE-190. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Integer overflow in the sg_start_req function in drivers/scsi/sg.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.x through 4.x before 4.1 allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large iov_count value in a write request.
Query: SOC alert related to Remote System Discovery
Matching passage: T1018 Remote System Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>net view</code> using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), or, on ESXi servers, `esxcli network diag ping`. Adversaries may also analyze data from local host files (ex: <code>C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts</code> or <code>/etc/hosts</code>) or other passive means (such as local [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) cache entries) in order to discover the presence of remote systems in an environment. Adversaries may also target discovery of network infrastructure as well as leverage [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands on network devices to gather detailed information about systems within a network (e.g. <code>show cdp neighbors</code>, <code>show arp</code>).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1482 Domain Trust Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)
Query: exploit Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco FireSIGHT System Software 5.4.1.2 and 6.0.0 in FireSIGHT Management Center allows remote attackers to hijack the authentica
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4242. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco FireSIGHT System Software 5.4.1.2 and 6.0.0 in FireSIGHT Management Center allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCuu94721.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7610. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the login form in Zimbra Collaboration Suite (aka ZCS) before 8.6.0 Patch 10, 8.7.x before 8.7.11 Patch 2, and 8.8.x before 8.8.8 Patch 1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims by leveraging failure to use a CSRF token.
Query: weakness Dynamic Variable Evaluation
Matching passage: CWE-627 Dynamic Variable Evaluation. In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.
Near-miss passage: CWE-103 Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition. The product has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Develop Capabilities
Matching passage: T1587 Develop Capabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-signed certificates. Adversaries may develop capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020) As with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing capabilities. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the capability.
Near-miss passage: T1587.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA). Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). After creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3633
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3633. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. Foxit Reader, Enterprise Reader, and PhantomPDF before 7.1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via vectors related to digital signatures.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2820. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. Buffer overflow in XcListener in SAP Afaria 7.0.6001.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process termination) via a crafted request, aka SAP Security Note 2132584.
Query: vulnerability: In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 40
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9192. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, out of bounds memory access vulnerability may occur in the content protection manager due to improper validation of incoming messages.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5944. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. CoreText in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file.
Query: Suspicious Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: T1037 Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence.(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22)(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019) Initialization scripts can be used to perform administrative functions, which may often execute other programs or send information to an internal logging server. These scripts can vary based on operating system and whether applied locally or remotely. Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. An adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges since some boot or logon initialization scripts run with higher privileges.
Near-miss passage: T1037.001 Logon Script (Windows). Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <code>HKCU\Environment\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> Registry key.(Citation: Hexacorn Logon Scripts) Adversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Office Template Macros
Matching passage: T1137.001 Office Template Macros. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template) Office Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) Word Normal.dotm location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm</code> Excel Personal.xlsb location:<br> <code>C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\PERSONAL.XLSB</code> Adversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under <code>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\</code>, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) An adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending
Near-miss passage: T1137.005 Outlook Rules. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words from a specific sender. Malicious Outlook rules can be created that can trigger code execution when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to that user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules) Once malicious rules have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious rules will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)
Query: common weakness: Missing Critical Step in Authentication
Matching passage: CWE-304 Missing Critical Step in Authentication. The product implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.
Near-miss passage: CWE-323 Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption. Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.
Query: exploit Heap-based buffer overflow in chrony before 1.31.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (chronyd crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code by configuring 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1821. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in chrony before 1.31.1 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (chronyd crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code by configuring the (1) NTP or (2) cmdmon access with a subnet size that is indivisible by four and an address with a nonzero bit in the subnet remainder.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2452. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2441.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0231
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0231. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the process_nested_data function in ext/standard/var_unserializer.re in PHP before 5.4.37, 5.5.x before 5.5.21, and 5.6.x before 5.6.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted unserialize call that leverages improper handling of duplicate numerical keys within the serialized properties of an object. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-8142.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4297. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Open redirect vulnerability in Cisco WebEx Node for Media Convergence Server (MCS) allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via crafted HTTP request parameters, aka Bug ID CSCuv32136.