alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a pointer is not validated prior to being dereferenced potentially resulting in Guest-OS memory corr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8592. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a pointer is not validated prior to being dereferenced potentially resulting in Guest-OS memory corruption.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9111. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile and Snapdragon Mobile MDM9625, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 820, and SD 820A, in a QTEE syscall handler, an untrusted pointer dereference can occur.
Query: CWE for Incorrect Pointer Scaling
Matching passage: CWE-468 Incorrect Pointer Scaling. In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.
Near-miss passage: CWE-40 Path Traversal: 'UNCsharename' (Windows UNC Share). The product accepts input that identifies a Windows UNC share ('UNCsharename') that potentially redirects access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
Query: intelligence brief on T1687
Matching passage: T1687 Exploitation for Defense Impairment. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities in security software, infrastructure, or defensive components to degrade, disable, or otherwise continue to impair their ability to prevent, detect, or respond to malicious activity. Adversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to directly interfere with defensive mechanisms. Exploitation occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in software, services, or the operating system to execute adversary-controlled code, often with the goal of weakening or disabling protections. Vulnerabilities may exist in security tools such as antivirus, endpoint detection and response (EDR), firewalls, or other monitoring solutions. Adversaries may use prior reconnaissance or perform discovery activities (e.g., [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)) to identify defensive tools present in an environment and target them for exploitation. Successful exploitation may allow adversaries to terminate security processes, disable protections, bypass enforcement mechanisms, or reduce the effectiveness of defensive controls. In some cases, vulnerabilities in cloud-based or SaaS infrastructure may also be leveraged to bypass built-in security boundaries or disrupt visibility and enforcement across environments.(Citation: Salesforce zero-day in facebook phishing attack)
Near-miss passage: T1556.004 Network Device Authentication. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices. [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password. The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch. Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)
Query: risk of The (1) jdom.rb and (2) rexml.rb components in Active Support in Ruby on Rails before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2, when JDOM or REXML is enabled, allow remote attackers to cause 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3227. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The (1) jdom.rb and (2) rexml.rb components in Active Support in Ruby on Rails before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2, when JDOM or REXML is enabled, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SystemStackError) via a large XML document depth.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0353. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0347, CVE-2015-0350, CVE-2015-0352, CVE-2015-0354, CVE-2015-0355, CVE-2015-0360, CVE-2015-3038, CVE-2015-3041, CVE-2015-3042, and CVE-2015-3043.
Query: common weakness: Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication
Matching passage: CWE-836 Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication. The product records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1061 Insufficient Encapsulation. The product does not sufficiently hide the internal representation and implementation details of data or methods, which might allow external components or modules to modify data unexpectedly, invoke unexpected functionality, or introduce dependencies that the programmer did not intend.
Query: exploit The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1680. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow local users to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted function call, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Memory Disclosure Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1676, CVE-2015-1677, CVE-2015-1678, and CVE-2015-1679.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1676. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allow local users to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted function call, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Memory Disclosure Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1677, CVE-2015-1678, CVE-2015-1679, and CVE-2015-1680.
Query: rule covering Detects possible Kerberos Replay Attack on the domain controllers when "KRB_AP_ERR_REPEAT" Kerberos response is sent to
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects possible Kerberos Replay Attack on the domain controllers when "KRB_AP_ERR_REPEAT" Kerberos response is sent to. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Replay Attack Detected id: 5a44727c-3b85-4713-8c44-4401d5499629 status: test description: Detects possible Kerberos Replay Attack on the domain controllers when "KRB_AP_ERR_REPEAT" Kerberos response is sent to the client references: - https://github.com/Yamato-Security/EnableWindowsLogSettings/blob/7f6d755d45ac7cc9fc35b0cbf498e6aa4ef19def/ConfiguringSecurityLogAuditPolicies.md - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4649 author: frack113 date: 2022-10-14 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1558 logsource: service: security product: windows detection: selection: EventID: 4649 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a all the rules have been deleted from the Windows Defender Firewall configuration. Logsource: windows / firewall-as. Rule: title: All Rules Have Been Deleted From The Windows Firewall Configuration id: 79609c82-a488-426e-abcf-9f341a39365d status: test description: Detects when a all the rules have been deleted from the Windows Defender Firewall configuration references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-r2-and-2008/dd364427(v=ws.10) author: frack113, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-17 modified: 2024-01-22 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: product: windows service: firewall-as detection: selection: EventID: - 2033 - 2059 filter_main_svchost: ModifyingApplication|endswith: :\Windows\System32\svchost.exe filter_optional_msmpeng: ModifyingApplication|contains|all: - :\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\ - \MsMpEng.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* level: high
Query: vulnerability: In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, an integer overflow to buffer overflow vulnerability exists when loading an ELF file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9062. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, an integer overflow to buffer overflow vulnerability exists when loading an ELF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2820. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. Buffer overflow in XcListener in SAP Afaria 7.0.6001.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process termination) via a crafted request, aka SAP Security Note 2132584.
Query: describe CVE-2015-2739
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2739. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. The ArrayBufferBuilder::append function in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.8 and 38.x before 38.1, and Thunderbird before 38.1 accesses unintended memory locations, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1689. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1705.
Query: write Sigma for Detects command line parameter very often used with coin miners
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameter very often used with coin miners. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Possible Coin Miner CPU Priority Param id: 071d5e5a-9cef-47ec-bc4e-a42e34d8d0ed status: test description: Detects command line parameter very often used with coin miners references: - https://xmrig.com/docs/miner/command-line-options author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-10-09 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1068 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: cmd1: a1|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd2: a2|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd3: a3|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd4: a4|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd5: a5|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd6: a6|startswith: --cpu-priority cmd7: a7|startswith: --cpu-priority condition: 1 of cmd* falsepositives: - Other tools that use a --cpu-priority flag level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects uses of the createdump.exe LOLOBIN utility to dump process memory. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: CreateDump Process Dump id: 515c8be5-e5df-4c5e-8f6d-a4a2f05e4b48 related: - id: 1a1ed54a-2ba4-4221-94d5-01dee560d71e type: similar status: test description: Detects uses of the createdump.exe LOLOBIN utility to dump process memory references: - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/overwatch-exposes-aquatic-panda-in-possession-of-log-4-shell-exploit-tools/ - https://twitter.com/bopin2020/status/1366400799199272960 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-01-04 modified: 2022-08-19 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 - attack.t1003.001 - attack.credential-access logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \createdump.exe - OriginalFileName: FX_VER_INTERNALNAME_STR selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' -u ' - ' --full ' - ' -f ' - ' --name ' - '.dmp ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Command lines that use the same flags level: high
Query: vulnerability: The editor in IPython Notebook before 3.2.2 and Jupyter Notebook 4.0.x before 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code via a crafted file, which triggers 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7337. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The editor in IPython Notebook before 3.2.2 and Jupyter Notebook 4.0.x before 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code via a crafted file, which triggers a redirect to files/, related to MIME types.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7211. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. Mozilla Firefox before 43.0 mishandles the # (number sign) character in a data: URI, which allows remote attackers to spoof web sites via unspecified vectors.
Query: detect Identifies when a service account is modified or deleted. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when a service account is modified or deleted.. Logsource: azure / activitylogs. Rule: title: Azure Kubernetes Service Account Modified or Deleted id: 12d027c3-b48c-4d9d-8bb6-a732200034b2 status: test description: Identifies when a service account is modified or deleted. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/resource-provider-operations#microsoftkubernetes - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/23/secure-containerized-environments-with-updated-threat-matrix-for-kubernetes/ - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/ - https://medium.com/mitre-engenuity/att-ck-for-containers-now-available-4c2359654bf1 author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-07 modified: 2022-08-23 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1531 - attack.t1485 - attack.t1496 - attack.t1489 logsource: product: azure service: activitylogs detection: selection: operationName: - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/SERVICEACCOUNTS/WRITE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/SERVICEACCOUNTS/DELETE - MICROSOFT.KUBERNETES/CONNECTEDCLUSTERS/SERVICEACCOUNTS/IMPERSONATE/ACTION condition: selection falsepositives: - Service account being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Service account modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential DLL side loading of DLLs that are part of the Wazuh security platform. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Potential Wazuh Security Platform DLL Sideloading id: db77ce78-7e28-4188-9337-cf30e2b3ba9f status: test description: Detects potential DLL side loading of DLLs that are part of the Wazuh security platform references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/23/c/iron-tiger-sysupdate-adds-linux-targeting.html author: X__Junior (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-13 modified: 2023-05-12 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: - \libwazuhshared.dll - \libwinpthread-1.dll filter_main_generic: ImageLoaded|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ filter_optional_mingw64: ImageLoaded|contains: - \AppData\Local\ - \ProgramData\ ImageLoaded|endswith: \mingw64\bin\libwinpthread-1.dll condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Many legitimate applications leverage this DLL. (Visual Studio, JetBrains, Ruby, Anaconda, GithubDesktop, etc.) level: medium
Query: explain T1070.009 Clear Persistence
Matching passage: T1070.009 Clear Persistence. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647), or other methods of cleanup to prevent defenders from collecting evidence of their persistent presence.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) Adversaries may also delete accounts previously created to maintain persistence (i.e. [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136)).(Citation: Talos - Cisco Attack 2022) In some instances, artifacts of persistence may also be removed once an adversary’s persistence is executed in order to prevent errors with the new instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1070.006 Timestomp. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new files or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder and blend malicious files with legitimate files. In Windows systems, both the `$STANDARD_INFORMATION` (`$SI`) and `$FILE_NAME` (`$FN`) attributes record times in a Master File Table (MFT) file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) `$SI` (dates/time stamps) is displayed to the end user, including in the File System view, while `$FN` is dealt with by the kernel.(Citation: Magnet Forensics) Modifying the `$SI` attribute is the most common method of timestomping because it can be modified at the user level using API calls. `$FN` timestomping, however, typically requires interacting with the system kernel or moving or renaming a file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) Adversaries modify timestamps on files so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools. In order to evade detections that rely on identifying discrepancies between the `$SI` and `$FN` attributes, adversaries may also engage in “double timestomping” by modifying times on both attributes simultaneously.(Citation: Double Timestomping) In Linux systems and on ESXi servers, threat actors may attempt to perform timestomping using commands such as `touch -a -m -t <timestamp> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to a specific value) or `touch -r <filename> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to match those of another file).(Citation: Inversecos Linux Timestomping)(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Timestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)
Query: describe CVE-2015-6618
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6618. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Bluetooth in Android 4.4 and 5.x before 5.1.1 LMY48Z allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging access to the local physical environment, aka internal bug 24595992.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7188. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. Mozilla Firefox before 42.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.4 allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy for an IP address origin, and conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, by appending whitespace characters to an IP address string.
Query: weakness Firmware Not Updateable
Matching passage: CWE-1277 Firmware Not Updateable. The product does not provide its users with the ability to update or patch its firmware to address any vulnerabilities or weaknesses that may be present.
Near-miss passage: CWE-383 J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads. Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.
Query: threat report mentioning Password Cracking
Matching passage: T1110.002 Password Cracking. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Further, adversaries may leverage [Data from Configuration Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602) in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.
Near-miss passage: T1110.001 Password Guessing. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. An adversary may guess login credentials without prior knowledge of system or environment passwords during an operation by using a list of common passwords. Password guessing may or may not take into account the target's policies on password complexity or use policies that may lock accounts out after a number of failed attempts. Guessing passwords can be a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Typically, management services over commonly used ports are used when guessing passwords. Commonly targeted services include the following: * SSH (22/TCP) * Telnet (23/TCP) * FTP (21/TCP) * NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP) * LDAP (389/TCP) * Kerberos (88/TCP) * RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP) * HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP) * MSSQL (1433/TCP) * Oracle (1521/TCP) * MySQL (3306/TCP) * VNC (5900/TCP) * SNMP (161/UDP and 162/TCP/UDP) In addition to management services, adversaries may "target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols," as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018). Further, adversaries may abuse network device interfaces (such as `wlanAPI`) to brute force accessible wifi-router(s) via wireless authentication protocols.(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet 2020) In default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows "logon failure" event ID 4625.
Query: exploit bindings/scripts/v8_types.py in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.130, does not properly select a creation context for a return value's DOM wrapper, which allows rem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1268. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. bindings/scripts/v8_types.py in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.130, does not properly select a creation context for a return value's DOM wrapper, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via crafted JavaScript code, as demonstrated by use of a data: URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1297. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.5. The WebRequest API implementation in extensions/browser/api/web_request/web_request_api.cc in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.85 does not properly consider a request's source before accepting the request, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via a crafted (1) app or (2) extension.