alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: mitigate Timestomp
Matching passage: T1070.006 Timestomp. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new files or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder and blend malicious files with legitimate files. In Windows systems, both the `$STANDARD_INFORMATION` (`$SI`) and `$FILE_NAME` (`$FN`) attributes record times in a Master File Table (MFT) file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) `$SI` (dates/time stamps) is displayed to the end user, including in the File System view, while `$FN` is dealt with by the kernel.(Citation: Magnet Forensics) Modifying the `$SI` attribute is the most common method of timestomping because it can be modified at the user level using API calls. `$FN` timestomping, however, typically requires interacting with the system kernel or moving or renaming a file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) Adversaries modify timestamps on files so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools. In order to evade detections that rely on identifying discrepancies between the `$SI` and `$FN` attributes, adversaries may also engage in “double timestomping” by modifying times on both attributes simultaneously.(Citation: Double Timestomping) In Linux systems and on ESXi servers, threat actors may attempt to perform timestomping using commands such as `touch -a -m -t <timestamp> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to a specific value) or `touch -r <filename> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to match those of another file).(Citation: Inversecos Linux Timestomping)(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Timestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1070.004 File Deletion. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint. There are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well.(Citation: Microsoft SDelete July 2016) Examples of built-in [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) functions include <code>del</code> on Windows, <code>rm</code> or <code>unlink</code> on Linux and macOS, and `rm` on ESXi.
Query: common weakness: Improper Zeroization of Hardware Register
Matching passage: CWE-1239 Improper Zeroization of Hardware Register. The hardware product does not properly clear sensitive information from built-in registers when the user of the hardware block changes.
Near-miss passage: CWE-369 Divide By Zero. The product divides a value by zero.
Query: explain CWE-13
Matching passage: CWE-13 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File. Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.
Near-miss passage: CWE-150 Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences. The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.
Query: detection rule: Detects when a share is mounted using the "net.exe" utility
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a share is mounted using the "net.exe" utility. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Windows Share Mount Via Net.EXE id: f117933c-980c-4f78-b384-e3d838111165 related: - id: 3abd6094-7027-475f-9630-8ab9be7b9725 type: similar status: test description: Detects when a share is mounted using the "net.exe" utility references: - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lKya3_mLnR3UQuCoiYruO3qgu052_iS_/view author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-02-02 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe - OriginalFileName: - net.exe - net1.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' use ' - ' \\\\' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate activity by administrators and scripts level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects activity when Windows Defender Firewall has been reset to its default configuration. Logsource: windows / firewall-as. Rule: title: Windows Defender Firewall Has Been Reset To Its Default Configuration id: 04b60639-39c0-412a-9fbe-e82499c881a3 status: test description: Detects activity when Windows Defender Firewall has been reset to its default configuration references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-r2-and-2008/dd364427(v=ws.10) author: frack113 date: 2022-02-19 modified: 2023-04-21 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1686.003 logsource: product: windows service: firewall-as detection: selection: EventID: - 2032 - 2060 condition: selection level: low
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8065
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8065. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8048, CVE-2015-8049, CVE-2015-8050, CVE-2015-8055, CVE-2015-8056, CVE-2015-8057, CVE-2015-8058, CVE-2015-8059, CVE-2015-8061, CVE-2015-8062, CVE-2015-8063, CVE-2015-8064, CVE-2015-8066, CVE-2015-8067, CVE-2015-8068, CVE-2015-8069, CVE-2015-8070, CVE-2015-8071, CVE-2015-8401, CVE-2015-8402, CVE-2015-8403, CVE-2015-8404, CVE-2015-8405, CVE-2015-8406, CVE-2015-8410, CVE-2015-8411, CVE-2015-8412, CVE-2015-8413, CVE-2015-8414, CVE-2015-8420, CVE-2015-8421, CVE-2015-8422, CVE-2015-8423, CVE-2015-8424, CVE-2015-8425, CVE-2015-8426, CVE-2015-8427, CVE-2015-8428, CVE-2015-8429, CVE-2015-8430, CVE-2015-8431, CVE-2015-8432, CVE-2015-8433, CVE-2015-8434, CVE-2015-8435, CVE-2015-8436, CVE-2015-8437, CVE-2015-8441, CVE-2015-8442, CVE-2015-8447, CVE-2015-8448, CVE-2015-8449, CVE-2015-8450, CVE-2015-8452, and CVE-2015-8454.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0923. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 5.0. The ContentBlockEx method in Workarea/ServerControlWS.asmx in Ektron Content Management System (CMS) 8.5 and 8.7 before 8.7sp2 and 9.0 before sp1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference within an XML document named in the xslt parameter, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9384
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9384. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The relevant plugin before 1.0.8 for WordPress has XSS.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5169. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Apache Struts before 2.3.20.
Query: write Sigma for Identifies when the Secrets are Modified or Deleted.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Identifies when the Secrets are Modified or Deleted.. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud Kubernetes Secrets Modified or Deleted id: 2f0bae2d-bf20-4465-be86-1311addebaa3 status: test description: Identifies when the Secrets are Modified or Deleted. references: - https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/audit-logging author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-09 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - io.k8s.core.v*.secrets.create - io.k8s.core.v*.secrets.update - io.k8s.core.v*.secrets.patch - io.k8s.core.v*.secrets.delete condition: selection falsepositives: - Secrets being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Secrets modified or deleted from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the attempt to create a process via "wmic" with the "process call create" flag, which might indicate an attempt. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Process Creation Attempt via Wmic.EXE id: 526be59f-a573-4eea-b5f7-f0973207634d related: - id: 3c89a1e8-0fba-449e-8f1b-8409d6267ec8 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects the attempt to create a process via "wmic" with the "process call create" flag, which might indicate an attempt to execute a malicious process on the compromised host. Adversaries may use wmic to execute a process on the compromised host as part of their attack. This event is triggered on on attempt and process creation can be either successful or unsuccessful. ' references: - https://www.sans.org/blog/wmic-for-incident-response/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/84215139ee5127f8e3a117e063b604812bd71928/atomics/T1047/T1047.md#atomic-test-5---wmi-execute-local-process author: Michael Haag, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), juju4, oscd.community date: 2019-01-16 modified: 2023-02-14 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 - car.2016-03-002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \wmic.exe - OriginalFileName: wmic.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - process - call - create condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium simulation: - type: atomic red team name: WMI Execute Local Process technique: T1047 atomic_guid: b3bdfc91-b33e-4c6d-a5c8-d64bee0276b3 regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_wmic_process_creation/info.yml
Query: rule covering Detects changes to the "NoLMHash" registry value in order to allow Windows to store LM Hashes. By setting this registry
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects changes to the "NoLMHash" registry value in order to allow Windows to store LM Hashes. By setting this registry. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Enable LM Hash Storage - ProcCreation id: 98dedfdd-8333-49d4-9f23-d7018cccae53 related: - id: c420410f-c2d8-4010-856b-dffe21866437 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects changes to the "NoLMHash" registry value in order to allow Windows to store LM Hashes. By setting this registry value to "0" (DWORD), Windows will be allowed to store a LAN manager hash of your password in Active Directory and local SAM databases. ' references: - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-347a - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/windows-security/prevent-windows-store-lm-hash-password - https://www.sans.org/blog/protecting-privileged-domain-accounts-lm-hashes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-12-15 modified: 2023-12-22 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - \System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa - NoLMHash - ' 0' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when Kubernetes Secrets are Modified or Deleted.. Logsource: kubernetes / audit. Rule: title: Kubernetes Secrets Modified or Deleted id: 58d31a75-a4f8-4c40-985b-373d58162ca2 related: - id: 2f0bae2d-bf20-4465-be86-1311addebaa3 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects when Kubernetes Secrets are Modified or Deleted. ' references: - https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-audit.v1/ - https://commandk.dev/blog/guide-to-audit-k8s-secrets-for-compliance/ author: kelnage date: 2024-07-11 tags: - attack.credential-access logsource: product: kubernetes service: audit detection: selection: objectRef.resource: secrets verb: - create - delete - patch - replace - update condition: selection falsepositives: - Secrets being modified or deleted may be performed by a system administrator. - Automated processes may need to take these actions and may need to be filtered. level: medium
Query: adversary uses Cron
Matching passage: T1053.003 Cron. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems. The <code> crontab</code> file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any <code>crontab</code> files are stored in operating system-specific file paths. An adversary may use <code>cron</code> in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). In ESXi environments, cron jobs must be created directly via the crontab file (e.g., `/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root`).(Citation: CloudSEK ESXiArgs 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1053.006 Systemd Timers. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be used as an alternative to [Cron](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003) in Linux environments.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020) Systemd timers may be activated remotely via the <code>systemctl</code> command line utility, which operates over [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: Systemd Remote Control) Each <code>.timer</code> file must have a corresponding <code>.service</code> file with the same name, e.g., <code>example.timer</code> and <code>example.service</code>. <code>.service</code> files are [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002) unit files that are managed by the systemd system and service manager.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014) Privileged timers are written to <code>/etc/systemd/system/</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> while user level are written to <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code>. An adversary may use systemd timers to execute malicious code at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence.(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018) Timers installed using privileged paths may be used to maintain root level persistence. Adversaries may also install user level timers to achieve user level persistence.(Citation: Falcon Sandbox smp: 28553b3a9d)
Query: risk of The admin pages for power types and key types in Beaker before 20.1 do not have any access controls, which allows remote authenticated users to modify power types and key types via
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3163. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The admin pages for power types and key types in Beaker before 20.1 do not have any access controls, which allows remote authenticated users to modify power types and key types via navigating to $BEAKER/powertypes and $BEAKER/keytypes respectively.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3675. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. The default configuration of the Apache HTTP Server on Apple OS X before 10.10.4 does not enable the mod_hfs_apple module, which allows remote attackers to bypass HTTP authentication via a crafted URL.
Query: risk of The SSHv2 functionality in Cisco IOS 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5 and IOS XE 3.6E before 3.6.3E, 3.7E before 3.7.1E, 3.10S before 3.10.6S, 3.11S before 3.11.4S, 3.12S before 3.12.3S,
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6280. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The SSHv2 functionality in Cisco IOS 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5 and IOS XE 3.6E before 3.6.3E, 3.7E before 3.7.1E, 3.10S before 3.10.6S, 3.11S before 3.11.4S, 3.12S before 3.12.3S, 3.13S before 3.13.3S, and 3.14S before 3.14.1S does not properly implement RSA authentication, which allows remote attackers to obtain login access by leveraging knowledge of a username and the associated public key, aka Bug ID CSCus73013.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5998. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 10.0. Impero Education Pro before 5105 relies on the -1|AUTHENTICATE\x02PASSWORD string for authentication, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary programs via an encrypted command.
Query: detection engineering for Scan Databases
Matching passage: T1596.005 Scan Databases. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan) Adversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).
Near-miss passage: T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. Adversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4188
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4188. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 5.0. SQL injection vulnerability in the Manager interface in Cisco Prime Collaboration 10.5(1) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via a crafted URL, aka Bug IDs CSCuu29910, CSCuu29928, and CSCuu59104.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9446. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The unite-gallery-lite plugin before 1.5 for WordPress has SQL injection via data[galleryID] to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php.
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in Cherry Music before 0.36.0 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via the "value" parameter to "download."
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8309. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Directory traversal vulnerability in Cherry Music before 0.36.0 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via the "value" parameter to "download."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9277. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 9.100000381469727. MailEnable before 8.60 allows Directory Traversal for reading the messages of other users, uploading files, and deleting files because "/../" and "/.. /" are mishandled.
Query: rule covering Detects usage of the 'crontab' utility to remove the current crontab. This is a common occurrence where cryptocurrency m
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the 'crontab' utility to remove the current crontab. This is a common occurrence where cryptocurrency m. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Remove Scheduled Cron Task/Job id: c2e234de-03a3-41e1-b39a-1e56dc17ba67 status: test description: 'Detects usage of the ''crontab'' utility to remove the current crontab. This is a common occurrence where cryptocurrency miners compete against each other by removing traces of other miners to hijack the maximum amount of resources possible ' references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/i/how-malicious-actors-abuse-native-linux-tools-in-their-attacks.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-09-15 tags: - attack.stealth logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: Image|endswith: crontab CommandLine|contains: ' -r' condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services. Example of these requests denial include issues with p. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Active Directory Certificate Services Denied Certificate Enrollment Request id: 994bfd6d-0a2e-481e-a861-934069fcf5f5 status: test description: 'Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services. Example of these requests denial include issues with permissions on the certificate template or invalid signatures. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd299871(v=ws.10) - https://www.gradenegger.eu/en/details-of-the-event-with-id-53-of-the-source-microsoft-windows-certificationauthority/ author: '@SerkinValery' date: 2024-03-07 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1553.004 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Microsoft-Windows-CertificationAuthority EventID: 53 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low