alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: vulnerability: Open redirect vulnerability in URL-related API functions in Drupal 6.x before 6.35 and 7.x before 7.35 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2750. CWE: CWE-601. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Open redirect vulnerability in URL-related API functions in Drupal 6.x before 6.35 and 7.x before 7.35 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via vectors involving the "//" initial sequence.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10102. CWE: CWE-601. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Freshdesk Plugin 1.7 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality. The manipulation leads to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.8 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 2aaecd4e0c7c6c1dc4e6a593163d5f7aa0fa5d5b. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-226118 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1855
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1855. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. verify_certificate_identity in the OpenSSL extension in Ruby before 2.0.0 patchlevel 645, 2.1.x before 2.1.6, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 does not properly validate hostnames, which allows remote attackers to spoof servers via vectors related to (1) multiple wildcards, (1) wildcards in IDNA names, (3) case sensitivity, and (4) non-ASCII characters.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5186. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. Audit before 2.4.4 in Linux does not sanitize escape characters in filenames.
Query: risk of Foxit Reader, Enterprise Reader, and PhantomPDF before 7.1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via a crafted GIF in a PDF file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3632. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Foxit Reader, Enterprise Reader, and PhantomPDF before 7.1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via a crafted GIF in a PDF file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7860. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the agent in Persistent Accelerite Radia Client Automation (formerly HP Client Automation), possibly before 9.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending a large amount of data in an environment that lacks relationship-based firewalling.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6385
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6385. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The publish-event event-manager feature in Cisco IOS 15.5(2)S and 15.5(3)S on Cloud Services Router 1000V devices allows local users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges by leveraging administrative access to enter crafted environment variables, aka Bug ID CSCux14943.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5401. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Teradata Gateway before 15.00.03.02-1 and 15.10.x before 15.10.00.01-1 and TD Express before 15.00.02.08_Sles10 and 15.00.02.08_Sles11 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (database crash) via a malformed CONFIG REQUEST message.
Query: risk of The administrative web interface in Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS) 10.6(1) and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via crafted input 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0750. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.5. The administrative web interface in Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS) 10.6(1) and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via crafted input to unspecified fields, aka Bug ID CSCut02786.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3379. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.0. The Views module before 6.x-2.18, 6.x-3.x before 6.x-3.2, and 7.x-3.x before 7.x-3.10 for Drupal does not properly restrict access to the default views configurations, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: detection engineering for Create Snapshot
Matching passage: T1578.001 Create Snapshot. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1578.005 Modify Cloud Compute Configurations. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available compute. Such modifications may allow adversaries to abuse the victim’s compute resources to achieve their goals, potentially without affecting the execution of running instances and/or revealing their activities to the victim. For example, cloud providers often limit customer usage of compute resources via quotas. Customers may request adjustments to these quotas to support increased computing needs, though these adjustments may require approval from the cloud provider. Adversaries who compromise a cloud environment may similarly request quota adjustments in order to support their activities, such as enabling additional [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496) without raising suspicion by using up a victim’s entire quota.(Citation: Microsoft Cryptojacking 2023) Adversaries may also increase allowed resource usage by modifying any tenant-wide policies that limit the sizes of deployed virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Policy) Adversaries may also modify settings that affect where cloud resources can be deployed, such as enabling [Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535).
Query: SIEM correlation: collection activity consistent with Network Device Configuration Dump
Matching passage: T1602.002 Network Device Configuration Dump. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use. Adversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis.
Near-miss passage: T1602.001 SNMP (MIB Dump). Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set and permits active management tasks, such as configuration changes, through remote modification of these variables. SNMP can give administrators great insight in their systems, such as, system information, description of hardware, physical location, and software packages(Citation: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP). The MIB may also contain device operational information, including running configuration, routing table, and interface details. Adversaries may use SNMP queries to collect MIB content directly from SNMP-managed devices in order to collect network information that allows the adversary to build network maps and facilitate future targeted exploitation.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)
Query: detect Wi-Fi Discovery
Matching passage: T1016.002 Wi-Fi Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may search for information about Wi-Fi networks, such as network names and passwords, on compromised systems. Adversaries may use Wi-Fi information as part of [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018), and other discovery or [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) activity to support both ongoing and future campaigns. Adversaries may collect various types of information about Wi-Fi networks from hosts. For example, on Windows names and passwords of all Wi-Fi networks a device has previously connected to may be available through `netsh wlan show profiles` to enumerate Wi-Fi names and then `netsh wlan show profile “Wi-Fi name” key=clear` to show a Wi-Fi network’s corresponding password.(Citation: BleepingComputer Agent Tesla steal wifi passwords)(Citation: Malware Bytes New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022) Additionally, names and other details of locally reachable Wi-Fi networks can be discovered using calls to `wlanAPI.dll` [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: Binary Defense Emotes Wi-Fi Spreader) On Linux, names and passwords of all Wi-Fi-networks a device has previously connected to may be available in files under ` /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/`.(Citation: Wi-Fi Password of All Connected Networks in Windows/Linux) On macOS, the password of a known Wi-Fi may be identified with ` security find-generic-password -wa wifiname` (requires admin username/password).(Citation: Find Wi-Fi Password on Mac)
Near-miss passage: T1016.001 Internet Connection Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites, or performing initial speed testing to confirm bandwidth. Adversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6722
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6722. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The CBSharedReviewStatusDialog method in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6707, CVE-2015-6708, CVE-2015-6709, CVE-2015-6710, CVE-2015-6711, CVE-2015-6712, CVE-2015-6713, CVE-2015-6714, CVE-2015-6715, CVE-2015-6716, CVE-2015-6717, CVE-2015-6718, CVE-2015-6719, CVE-2015-6720, CVE-2015-6721, CVE-2015-6723, CVE-2015-6724, CVE-2015-6725, CVE-2015-7614, CVE-2015-7616, CVE-2015-7618, CVE-2015-7619, CVE-2015-7620, and CVE-2015-7623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0328. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0325 and CVE-2015-0326.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7678
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7678. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Ipswitch MOVEit Mobile 1.2.0.962 and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5999. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the D-Link DIR-816L Wireless Router with firmware before 2.06.B09_BETA allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) change the admin password, (2) change the network policy, or (3) possibly have other unspecified impact via crafted requests to hedwig.cgi and pigwidgeon.cgi.
Query: vulnerability: Cisco Unified MeetingPlace 8.6(1.2) and 8.6(1.9) allows remote authenticated users to discover cleartext passwords by reading HTML source code, aka Bug ID CSCuu33050.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4214. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. Cisco Unified MeetingPlace 8.6(1.2) and 8.6(1.9) allows remote authenticated users to discover cleartext passwords by reading HTML source code, aka Bug ID CSCuu33050.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3882. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.300000190734863. qdPM 8.3 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via invalid ID value to index.php/users/info/id/[ID], which reveals the installation path in an error message.
Query: campaign using Defacement
Matching passage: T1491 Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages.
Near-miss passage: T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8661
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8661. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.300000190734863. The h264_slice_header_init function in libavcodec/h264_slice.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.3 does not validate the relationship between the number of threads and the number of slices, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted H.264 data.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2093. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the Connect function in the WebGate WebEyeAudio ActiveX control allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted value.
Query: containment actions for Persistence mechanism resembling Social Media
Matching passage: Playbook for T1593.001 Social Media. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1593.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: reconnaissance. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff. Adversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1593 Search Open Websites/Domains. Different response path focused on reconnaissance.
Query: vulnerability: Foreman before 1.8.1 does not set the secure flag for the _session_id cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3155. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. Foreman before 1.8.1 does not set the secure flag for the _session_id cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3888. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 7.5. Jolla Sailfish OS before 1.1.2.16 allows remote attackers to spoof phone numbers and trigger calls to arbitrary numbers via spaces in a tel: URL.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4681
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4681. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Polycom RealPresence Resource Manager (aka RPRM) before 8.4 allows local users to have unspecified impact via vectors related to weak passwords.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4400. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. Ring (formerly DoorBot) video doorbells allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information about the wireless network configuration by pressing the set up button and leveraging an API in the GainSpan Wi-Fi module.
Query: alert when Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN conn
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN conn. Logsource: fortigate / event. Rule: title: FortiGate - New Local User Created id: ddbbe845-1d74-43a8-8231-2156d180234d status: experimental description: 'Detects the creation of a new local user on a Fortinet FortiGate Firewall. The new local user could be used for VPN connections. ' references: - https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-535 - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/398/event - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/cli-reference/109120963/config-user-local - https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.6.4/fortios-log-message-reference/44547/44547-logid-event-config-objattr author: Marco Pedrinazzi (@pedrinazziM) (InTheCyber) date: 2025-11-01 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.t1136.001 logsource: product: fortigate service: event detection: selection: action: Add cfgpath: user.local condition: selection falsepositives: - A local user can be created for legitimate purposes. Investigate the user details to determine if it is authorized. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects adversary creating screen capture of a desktop with Import Tool. Highly recommended using rule on servers, due t. Logsource: linux / auditd. Rule: title: Screen Capture with Import Tool id: dbe4b9c5-c254-4258-9688-d6af0b7967fd status: test description: 'Detects adversary creating screen capture of a desktop with Import Tool. Highly recommended using rule on servers, due to high usage of screenshot utilities on user workstations. ImageMagick must be installed. ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1113/T1113.md - https://linux.die.net/man/1/import - https://imagemagick.org/ author: Pawel Mazur date: 2021-09-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.collection - attack.t1113 logsource: product: linux service: auditd detection: import: type: EXECVE a0: import import_window_root: a1: -window a2: root a3|endswith: - .png - .jpg - .jpeg import_no_window_root: a1|endswith: - .png - .jpg - .jpeg condition: import and (import_window_root or import_no_window_root) falsepositives: - Legitimate use of screenshot utility level: low
Query: detect System Services
Matching passage: T1569 System Services. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.
Near-miss passage: T1569.001 Launchctl. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man) Adversaries use launchctl to execute commands and programs as [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s. Common subcommands include: <code>launchctl load</code>,<code>launchctl unload</code>, and <code>launchctl start</code>. Adversaries can use scripts or manually run the commands <code>launchctl load -w "%s/Library/LaunchAgents/%s"</code> or <code>/bin/launchctl load</code> to execute [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9261
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9261. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 5.5. huft_build in archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c in BusyBox before 1.27.2 misuses a pointer, causing segfaults and an application crash during an unzip operation on a specially crafted ZIP file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9132. CWE: CWE-476. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Small Cell SoC FSM9055, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 800, and SD 810, possible arbitrary memory read due to untrusted pointer dereference when handling HLOS controlled values passed to the QSEE syscall helper.