alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: exploit Race condition in the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Window
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6126. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Race condition in the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted application, aka "Windows PGM UAF Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1862. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. The crash reporting feature in Abrt allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging an execve by root after a chroot into a user-specified directory in a namedspaced environment.
Query: vulnerability: FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font fil
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6991. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6978, CVE-2015-6990, CVE-2015-6993, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6676. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.241 and 19.x before 19.0.0.185 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.521 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.190, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.190, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.190 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6678.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0055
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0055. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5496. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 5.0. The pass2pdf module for Drupal does not restrict access to generated PDF files, which allows remote attackers to obtain user passwords via unspecified vectors.
Query: vulnerability: Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Settings_Vtiger_CompanyDetailsSave_Action class in modules/Settings/Vtiger/actions/CompanyDetailsSave.php in Vtiger CRM 6.3.0 and earl
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6000. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Settings_Vtiger_CompanyDetailsSave_Action class in modules/Settings/Vtiger/actions/CompanyDetailsSave.php in Vtiger CRM 6.3.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in test/logo/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1000001. CWE: CWE-434. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Remote file upload vulnerability in fast-image-adder v1.1 Wordpress plugin
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ajax.php in Cerb before 7.0.4 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add an adm
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6545. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ajax.php in Cerb before 7.0.4 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add an administrator account via a saveWorkerPeek action.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6660. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The Form API in Drupal 6.x before 6.37 and 7.x before 7.39 does not properly validate the form token, which allows remote attackers to conduct CSRF attacks that upload files in a different user's account via vectors related to "file upload value callbacks."
Query: describe CVE-2015-0378
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0378. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11 allows local users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to Libc.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1764. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The web applications in Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 SP1 and Cumulative Update 8 allow remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy and send HTTP traffic to intranet servers via a crafted request, related to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) issue, aka "Exchange Server-Side Request Forgery Vulnerability."
Query: common weakness: Use of Default Credentials
Matching passage: CWE-1392 Use of Default Credentials. The product uses default credentials (such as passwords or cryptographic keys) for potentially critical functionality.
Near-miss passage: CWE-508 Non-Replicating Malicious Code. Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or product that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.
Query: mitigate XSL Script Processing
Matching passage: T1220 XSL Script Processing. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages. (Citation: Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017) Adversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files while potentially bypassing application control. Similar to [Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127), the Microsoft common line transformation utility binary (msxsl.exe) (Citation: Microsoft msxsl.exe) can be installed and used to execute malicious JavaScript embedded within local or remote (URL referenced) XSL files. (Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017) Since msxsl.exe is not installed by default, an adversary will likely need to package it with dropped files. (Citation: Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018) Msxsl.exe takes two main arguments, an XML source file and an XSL stylesheet. Since the XSL file is valid XML, the adversary may call the same XSL file twice. When using msxsl.exe adversaries may also give the XML/XSL files an arbitrary file extension.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019) Command-line examples:(Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017)(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019) * <code>msxsl.exe customers[.]xml script[.]xsl</code> * <code>msxsl.exe script[.]xsl script[.]xsl</code> * <code>msxsl.exe script[.]jpeg script[.]jpeg</code> Another variation of this technique, dubbed “Squiblytwo”, involves using [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to invoke JScript or VBScript within an XSL file.(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) This technique can also execute local/remote scripts and, similar to its [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)/ "Squiblydoo" counterpart, leverages a trusted, built-in W
Near-miss passage: T1542 Pre-OS Boot. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting) Adversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.
Query: what is T1567.001
Matching passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.
Near-miss passage: T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services. Web service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Sauter EY-WS505F0x0 moduWeb Vision before 1.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted q
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7916. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Sauter EY-WS505F0x0 moduWeb Vision before 1.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted query.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-20105. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 9.600000381469727. The ClickBank Affiliate Ads WordPress plugin through 1.20 does not have CSRF check when saving its settings, allowing attacker to make logged in admin change them via a CSRF attack. Furthermore, due to the lack of escaping when they are outputting, it could also lead to Stored Cross-Site Scripting issues
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5405
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5405. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.5. HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM) before 7.5.0, as used in HP Matrix Operating Environment before 7.5.0 and other products, allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information, modify data, or cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4820. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Solaris Kernel Zones, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-4907.
Query: risk of Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the HTML help system on Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) devices before 8.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0690. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the HTML help system on Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) devices before 8.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka Bug ID CSCun95178.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2941. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using HHVM, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an invalid parameter in a wddx format request to api.php, which is not properly handled in an error message, related to unsafe calls to wddx_serialize_value.
Query: detection rule: Detects the image load of vss_ps.dll by uncommon executables. This DLL is used by the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) t
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the image load of vss_ps.dll by uncommon executables. This DLL is used by the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) t. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: Suspicious Volume Shadow Copy VSS_PS.dll Load id: 333cdbe8-27bb-4246-bf82-b41a0dca4b70 related: - id: 48bfd177-7cf2-412b-ad77-baf923489e82 type: similar - id: 37774c23-25a1-4adb-bb6d-8bb9fd59c0f8 type: similar status: test description: 'Detects the image load of vss_ps.dll by uncommon executables. This DLL is used by the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) to manage shadow copies of files and volumes. It is often abused by attackers to delete or manipulate shadow copies, which can hinder forensic investigations and data recovery efforts. The fact that it is loaded by processes that are not typically associated with VSS operations can indicate suspicious activity. ' references: - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/ba88ca45589fae0139a40ca27738a8fc2dfbe1be5a64a9558f4e0f52b35c5add - https://twitter.com/am0nsec/status/1412232114980982787 author: Markus Neis, @markus_neis date: 2021-07-07 modified: 2025-07-11 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: ImageLoaded|endswith: \vss_ps.dll filter_main_legit: Image|startswith: C:\Windows\ Image|endswith: - \clussvc.exe - \dismhost.exe - \dllhost.exe - \inetsrv\appcmd.exe - \inetsrv\iissetup.exe - \msiexec.exe - \rundll32.exe - \searchindexer.exe - \srtasks.exe - \svchost.exe - \System32\SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe - \taskhostw.exe - \thor.exe - \thor64.exe - \tiworker.exe - \vssvc.exe - \vssadmin.exe - \WmiPrvSE.exe - \wsmprovhost.exe filter_main_update: CommandLine|startswith: C:\$WinREAgent\Scratch\ CommandLine|contains: \dismhost.exe { filter_main_image_null: Image: null filter_optional_programfiles: Image|startswith: - C:\Program Files\ - C:\Program Files (x86)\ condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Indicates that a password spray attack has been successfully performed.. Logsource: azure / riskdetection. Rule: title: Password Spray Activity id: 28ecba0a-c743-4690-ad29-9a8f6f25a6f9 status: test description: Indicates that a password spray attack has been successfully performed. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#password-spray - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' date: 2023-09-03 tags: - attack.t1110 - attack.credential-access logsource: product: azure service: riskdetection detection: selection: riskEventType: passwordSpray condition: selection falsepositives: - We recommend investigating the sessions flagged by this detection in the context of other sign-ins from the user. level: high
Query: vulnerability: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Cisco FireSight Management Center (MC) 5.3.1.5 and 5.4.x through 5.4.1.3 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6353. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Cisco FireSight Management Center (MC) 5.3.1.5 and 5.4.x through 5.4.1.3 allow remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified parameters, aka Bug ID CSCuu28922.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8758. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in unspecified frontend components in TYPO3 6.2.x before 6.2.16 and 7.x before 7.6.1 allow remote authenticated editors to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unknown vectors.
Query: vulnerability: The "Send as attachment" feature in Ipswitch MOVEit DMZ before 8.2 and MOVEit Mobile before 1.2.2 allow remote authenticated users to bypass authorization and read uploaded files v
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7675. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 6.5. The "Send as attachment" feature in Ipswitch MOVEit DMZ before 8.2 and MOVEit Mobile before 1.2.2 allow remote authenticated users to bypass authorization and read uploaded files via a valid FileID in the (1) serverFileIds parameter to mobile/sendMsg or (2) arg01 parameter to human.aspx.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2449. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 and Edge allow remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "ASLR Bypass."
Query: exploit Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Ipswitch MOVEit Mobile before 1.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the query string to mobile/.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7679. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Ipswitch MOVEit Mobile before 1.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the query string to mobile/.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2241. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the contents function in admin/helpers.py in Django before 1.7.6 and 1.8 before 1.8b2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a model attribute in ModelAdmin.readonly_fields, as demonstrated by a @property.
Query: SOC alert related to Domain Account
Matching passage: T1087.002 Domain Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior such as targeting specific accounts which possess particular privileges. Commands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain users and groups. [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets including <code>Get-ADUser</code> and <code>Get-ADGroupMember</code> may enumerate members of Active Directory groups.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)
Near-miss passage: T1087.001 Local Account. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior. Commands such as <code>net user</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility and <code>id</code> and <code>groups</code> on macOS and Linux can list local users and groups.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: id man page)(Citation: groups man page) On Linux, local users can also be enumerated through the use of the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file. On macOS, the <code>dscl . list /Users</code> command can be used to enumerate local accounts. On ESXi servers, the `esxcli system account list` command can list local user accounts.(Citation: Crowdstrike Hypervisor Jackpotting Pt 2 2021)
Query: vulnerability: The dissect_hsdsch_channel_info function in epan/dissectors/packet-umts_fp.c in the UMTS FP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 does not validate the number of PDUs, which 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8712. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. The dissect_hsdsch_channel_info function in epan/dissectors/packet-umts_fp.c in the UMTS FP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 does not validate the number of PDUs, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0641. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE 2.x and 3.x before 3.9.0S, 3.10 before 3.10.0S, 3.11 before 3.11.0S, 3.12 before 3.12.0S, 3.13 before 3.13.0S, 3.14 before 3.14.0S, and 3.15 before 3.15.0S allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted IPv6 packets, aka Bug ID CSCub68073.
Query: reconnaissance using Social Media
Matching passage: T1593.001 Social Media. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff. Adversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may passively harvest data from these sites, as well as use information gathered to create fake profiles/groups to elicit victim’s into revealing specific information (i.e. [Spearphishing Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001)).(Citation: Cyware Social Media) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).
Near-miss passage: T1593 Search Open Websites/Domains. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking) Adversaries may search in different online sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).
Query: secure coding against Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist)
Matching passage: CWE-462 Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist). Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.
Near-miss passage: CWE-8 J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote. When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.
Query: explain CWE-597
Matching passage: CWE-597 Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison. The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using == when the .equals() method should be used instead.
Near-miss passage: CWE-253 Incorrect Check of Function Return Value. The product incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents it from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2210
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2210. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. The help window in Epicor CRS Retail Store before 3.2.03.01.008 allows local users to execute arbitrary code by injecting Javascript into the window source to create a button that spawns a command shell.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6912. CWE: CWE-77. CVSS: 10.0. Synology Video Station before 1.5-0763 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters in the subtitle_codepage parameter to subtitle.cgi.