alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: telemetry for T1027.008
Matching passage: T1027.008 Stripped Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to make a payload difficult to analyze by removing symbols, strings, and other human readable information. Scripts and executables may contain variables names and other strings that help developers document code functionality. Symbols are often created by an operating system’s `linker` when executable payloads are compiled. Reverse engineers use these symbols and strings to analyze code and to identify functionality in payloads.(Citation: Mandiant golang stripped binaries explanation)(Citation: intezer stripped binaries elf files 2018) Adversaries may use stripped payloads in order to make malware analysis more difficult. For example, compilers and other tools may provide features to remove or obfuscate strings and symbols. Adversaries have also used stripped payload formats, such as run-only AppleScripts, a compiled and stripped version of [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), to evade detection and analysis. The lack of human-readable information may directly hinder detection and analysis of payloads.(Citation: SentinelLabs reversing run-only applescripts 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1027.010 Command Obfuscation. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may obfuscate content during command execution to impede detection. Command-line obfuscation is a method of making strings and patterns within commands and scripts more difficult to signature and analyze. This type of obfuscation can be included within commands executed by delivered payloads (e.g., [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) and [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)) or interactively via [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059).(Citation: Akamai JS)(Citation: Malware Monday VBE) For example, adversaries may abuse syntax that utilizes various symbols and escape characters (such as spacing, `^`, `+`. `$`, and `%`) to make commands difficult to analyze while maintaining the same intended functionality.(Citation: RC PowerShell) Many languages support built-in obfuscation in the form of base64 or URL encoding.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShellB64) Adversaries may also manually implement command obfuscation via string splitting (`“Wor”+“d.Application”`), order and casing of characters (`rev <<<'dwssap/cte/ tac'`), globing (`mkdir -p '/tmp/:&$NiA'`), as well as various tricks involving passing strings through tokens/environment variables/input streams.(Citation: Bashfuscator Command Obfuscators)(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) Adversaries may also use tricks such as directory traversals to obfuscate references to the binary being invoked by a command (`C:\voi\pcw\..\..\Windows\tei\qs\k\..\..\..\system32\erool\..\wbem\wg\je\..\..\wmic.exe shadowcopy delete`).(Citation: Twitter Richard WMIC) Tools such as <code>Invoke-Obfuscation</code> and <code>Invoke-DOSfucation</code> have also been used to obfuscate commands.(Citation: Invoke-DOSfuscation)(Citation: Invoke-Obfuscation)
Query: describe CVE-2015-7044
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7044. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 7.599999904632568. The System Integrity Protection feature in Apple OS X before 10.11.2 mishandles union mounts, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app with root privileges.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7435. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 2.5. IBM Tivoli Common Reporting (TCR) 2.1 before IF14, 2.1.1 before IF22, 2.1.1.2 before IF9, 3.1.0.0 through 3.1.2 as used in Cognos Business Intelligence before 10.2 IF16, and 3.1.2.1 as used in Cognos Business Intelligence before 10.2.1.1 IF12 allows local users to bypass the Cognos Application Firewall (CAF) protection mechanism via leading whitespace in the BackURL field.
Query: telemetry for T1560.002
Matching passage: T1560.002 Archive via Library. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data. Some archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.
Near-miss passage: T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options. Additionally, adversaries may use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to Base64 encode collected data before exfiltration. Adversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)
Query: describe CVE-2015-5854
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5854. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The backup implementation in Time Machine in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to obtain access to keychain items via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1027. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.900000095367432. The version checking subroutine in percona-toolkit before 2.2.13 and xtrabackup before 2.2.9 was vulnerable to silent HTTP downgrade attacks and Man In The Middle attacks in which the server response could be modified to allow the attacker to respond with modified command payload and have the client return additional running configuration information leading to an information disclosure of running configuration of MySQL.
Query: how to detect Component Firmware
Matching passage: T1542.002 Component Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking. Malicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.
Near-miss passage: T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0570
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0570. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the SET_WPS_IE IOCTL implementation in wlan_hdd_hostapd.c in the WLAN (aka Wi-Fi) driver for the Linux kernel 3.x and 4.x, as used in Qualcomm Innovation Center (QuIC) Android contributions for MSM devices and other products, allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application that uses a long WPS IE element.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7892. CWE: CWE-787. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the m2m1shot_compat_ioctl32 function in the Samsung m2m1shot driver framework, as used in Samsung S6 Edge, allows local users to have unspecified impact via a large data.buf_out.num_planes value in an ioctl call.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0393
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0393. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.10.2, 12.0.6, 12.1.3, 12.2.2, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to DB Privileges. NOTE: the previous information is from the January 2015 CPU. Oracle has not commented on the researcher's claim that the PUBLIC role is granted the INDEX privilege for the DUAL table during a "seeded install," which allows remote authenticated users to gain SYSDBA privileges and execute arbitrary code.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7924. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. eWON devices with firmware before 10.1s0 do not trigger the discarding of browser session data in response to a log-off action, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access by leveraging an unattended workstation.
Query: vulnerability: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the search result view in the Indexed Search (indexed_search) component in TYPO3 6.2.x before 6.2.16 allows remote authenticated editors
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8756. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 5.400000095367432. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the search result view in the Indexed Search (indexed_search) component in TYPO3 6.2.x before 6.2.16 allows remote authenticated editors to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9327. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The flickr-justified-gallery plugin before 3.4.0 for WordPress has XSS.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8483
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8483. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. Open redirect vulnerability in Cybozu Office 10.2.0 through 10.3.0 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a crafted URL.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7913. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. ag_server_service.exe in the AggreGate Server Service in Tibbo AggreGate before 5.30.06 allows local users to execute arbitrary Java code with SYSTEM privileges by using the Apache Axis AdminService deployment method to publish a class.
Query: alert when Detects suspicious reconnaissance command line activity on Windows systems using Net.EXE Check if the user that executed
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious reconnaissance command line activity on Windows systems using Net.EXE Check if the user that executed. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Group And Account Reconnaissance Activity Using Net.EXE id: d95de845-b83c-4a9a-8a6a-4fc802ebf6c0 status: test description: 'Detects suspicious reconnaissance command line activity on Windows systems using Net.EXE Check if the user that executed the commands is suspicious (e.g. service accounts, LOCAL_SYSTEM) ' references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ - https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/ - https://research.nccgroup.com/2022/08/19/back-in-black-unlocking-a-lockbit-3-0-ransomware-attack/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), omkar72, @svch0st, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-01-16 modified: 2023-03-02 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1087.001 - attack.t1087.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: - \net.exe - \net1.exe - OriginalFileName: - net.exe - net1.exe selection_group_root: CommandLine|contains: - ' group ' - ' localgroup ' selection_group_flags: CommandLine|contains: - domain admins - ' administrator' - ' administrateur' - enterprise admins - Exchange Trusted Subsystem - Remote Desktop Users - Utilisateurs du Bureau à distance - Usuarios de escritorio remoto - ' /do' filter_group_add: CommandLine|contains: ' /add' selection_accounts_root: CommandLine|contains: ' accounts ' selection_accounts_flags: CommandLine|contains: ' /do' condition: selection_img and ((all of selection_group_* and not filter_group_add) or all of selection_accounts_*) falsepositives: - Inventory tool runs - Administrative activity level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using consent.exe and comctl32.dll (UACMe 22). Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: UAC Bypass Using Consent and Comctl32 - File id: 62ed5b55-f991-406a-85d9-e8e8fdf18789 status: test description: Detects the pattern of UAC Bypass using consent.exe and comctl32.dll (UACMe 22) references: - https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-23 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1548.002 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: C:\Windows\System32\consent.exe.@ TargetFilename|endswith: \comctl32.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5772
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5772. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Heap-based buffer overflow in SceneKit in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Collada file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0795. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the SafeShellExecute method in the NetIQExecObject.NetIQExec.1 ActiveX control in NetIQExec.dll in NetIQ Security Solutions for iSeries 8.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via long arguments, aka ZDI-CAN-2699.
Query: vulnerability: Cisco TelePresence TC before 7.3.4 on Integrator C devices allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via vectors involving multiple request parameters, aka Bug ID CSCuv00604
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4271. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Cisco TelePresence TC before 7.3.4 on Integrator C devices allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via vectors involving multiple request parameters, aka Bug ID CSCuv00604.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1307. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. plasma-workspace before 5.1.95 allows remote attackers to obtain passwords via a Trojan horse Look and Feel package.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3419
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3419. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. vBulletin 5.x through 5.1.6 allows remote authenticated users to bypass authorization checks and inject private messages into conversations via vectors related to an input validation failure.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7047. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted mach message that is misparsed.
Query: mitigate Container Administration Command
Matching passage: T1609 Container Administration Command. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet) In Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as <code>docker exec</code> to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as <code>kubectl exec</code>.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)
Near-miss passage: T1574.005 Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM. Another variation of this technique can be performed by taking advantage of a weakness that is common in executable, self-extracting installers. During the installation process, it is common for installers to use a subdirectory within the <code>%TEMP%</code> directory to unpack binaries such as DLLs, EXEs, or other payloads. When installers create subdirectories and files they often do not set appropriate permissions to restrict write access, which allows for execution of untrusted code placed in the subdirectories or overwriting of binaries used in the installation process. This behavior is related to and may take advantage of [DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001) search order hijacking. Adversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. Some installers may also require elevated privileges that will result in privilege escalation when executing adversary controlled code. This behavior is related to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002). Several examples of this weakness in existing common installers have been reported to software vendors.(Citation: mozilla_sec_adv_2012) (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable) If the executing process is set to run at a spe
Query: exploit The SNMP implementation in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 8.5 before 8.5.5.5 does not properly handle configuration data, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0174. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The SNMP implementation in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 8.5 before 8.5.5.5 does not properly handle configuration data, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3784. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. Office Viewer in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an XML document containing an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5001
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5001. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere Portal 6.1.0 through 6.1.0.6 CF27, 6.1.5 through 6.1.5.3 CF27, 7.0.0 through 7.0.0.2 CF29, 8.0.0 before 8.0.0.1 CF19, and 8.5.0 before CF08 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a crafted document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4230. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Memory leak in Cisco Headend System Release allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via unspecified vectors, aka Bug ID CSCus91854.
Query: risk of SQL injection vulnerability in Joomla! Component Contact Form Maker 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2798. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. SQL injection vulnerability in Joomla! Component Contact Form Maker 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10016. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in jeff-kelley opensim-utils. Affected by this issue is the function DatabaseForRegion of the file regionscrits.php. The manipulation of the argument region leads to sql injection. The patch is identified as c29e5c729a833a29dbf5b1e505a0553fe154575e. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-217550 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: CWE for Exposure of Sensitive Information Through Data Queries
Matching passage: CWE-202 Exposure of Sensitive Information Through Data Queries. When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1119 Excessive Use of Unconditional Branching. The code uses too many unconditional branches (such as goto).