alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: explain CWE-687
Matching passage: CWE-687 Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value. The product calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
Near-miss passage: CWE-686 Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type. The product calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
Query: exploit Local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Gentoo QEMU package before 2.5.0-r1.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8556. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 10.0. Local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Gentoo QEMU package before 2.5.0-r1.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4481. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 3.299999952316284. Race condition in the Mozilla Maintenance Service in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 on Windows allows local users to write to arbitrary files and consequently gain privileges via vectors involving a hard link to a log file during an update.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3419
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3419. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. vBulletin 5.x through 5.1.6 allows remote authenticated users to bypass authorization checks and inject private messages into conversations via vectors related to an input validation failure.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7047. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted mach message that is misparsed.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-8967
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8967. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. arch/arm64/kernel/sys.c in the Linux kernel before 4.0 allows local users to bypass the "strict page permissions" protection mechanism and modify the system-call table, and consequently gain privileges, by leveraging write access.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8994. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.5. An issue was discovered in PHP 5.x and 7.x, when the configuration uses apache2handler/mod_php or php-fpm with OpCache enabled. With 5.x after 5.6.28 or 7.x after 7.0.13, the issue is resolved in a non-default configuration with the opcache.validate_permission=1 setting. The vulnerability details are as follows. In PHP SAPIs where PHP interpreters share a common parent process, Zend OpCache creates a shared memory object owned by the common parent during initialization. Child PHP processes inherit the SHM descriptor, using it to cache and retrieve compiled script bytecode ("opcode" in PHP jargon). Cache keys vary depending on configuration, but filename is a central key component, and compiled opcode can generally be run if a script's filename is known or can be guessed. Many common shared-hosting configurations change EUID in child processes to enforce privilege separation among hosted users (for example using mod_ruid2 for the Apache HTTP Server, or php-fpm user settings). In these scenarios, the default Zend OpCache behavior defeats script file permissions by sharing a single SHM cache among all child PHP processes. PHP scripts often contain sensitive information: Think of CMS configurations where reading or running another user's script usually means gaining privileges to the CMS database.
Query: detect Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges.. Logsource: macos / file_event. Rule: title: MacOS Emond Launch Daemon id: 23c43900-e732-45a4-8354-63e4a6c187ce status: test description: Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1546.014/T1546.014.md - https://posts.specterops.io/leveraging-emond-on-macos-for-persistence-a040a2785124 author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community date: 2020-10-23 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1546.014 logsource: category: file_event product: macos detection: selection_1: TargetFilename|contains: /etc/emond.d/rules/ TargetFilename|endswith: .plist selection_2: TargetFilename|contains: /private/var/db/emondClients/ condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects MsiExec loading a DLL and calling its DllUnregisterServer function. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: DllUnregisterServer Function Call Via Msiexec.EXE id: 84f52741-8834-4a8c-a413-2eb2269aa6c8 status: test description: Detects MsiExec loading a DLL and calling its DllUnregisterServer function references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218.007/T1218.007.md - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msiexec/ - https://twitter.com/_st0pp3r_/status/1583914515996897281 author: frack113 date: 2022-04-24 modified: 2024-03-13 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218.007 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \msiexec.exe - OriginalFileName: \msiexec.exe selection_flag: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' -z ' selection_dll: CommandLine|contains: .dll condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-5507
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5507. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Inline Entity Form module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.6 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with permission to create or edit fields to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9299. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The events-manager plugin before 5.5.7.1 for WordPress has DOM XSS.
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Artificial Intelligence
Matching passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Near-miss passage: T1588.006 Vulnerabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database) An adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).
Query: exploit The opj_dwt_decode_1* functions in dwt.c in OpenJPEG, as used in PDFium in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds arr
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6776. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The opj_dwt_decode_1* functions in dwt.c in OpenJPEG, as used in PDFium in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JPEG 2000 data that is mishandled during a discrete wavelet transform.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7555. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in giffix.c in giffix in giflib 5.1.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (program crash) via crafted image and logical screen width fields in a GIF file.
Query: threat report mentioning Timestomp
Matching passage: T1070.006 Timestomp. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new files or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder and blend malicious files with legitimate files. In Windows systems, both the `$STANDARD_INFORMATION` (`$SI`) and `$FILE_NAME` (`$FN`) attributes record times in a Master File Table (MFT) file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) `$SI` (dates/time stamps) is displayed to the end user, including in the File System view, while `$FN` is dealt with by the kernel.(Citation: Magnet Forensics) Modifying the `$SI` attribute is the most common method of timestomping because it can be modified at the user level using API calls. `$FN` timestomping, however, typically requires interacting with the system kernel or moving or renaming a file.(Citation: Inversecos Timestomping 2022) Adversaries modify timestamps on files so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools. In order to evade detections that rely on identifying discrepancies between the `$SI` and `$FN` attributes, adversaries may also engage in “double timestomping” by modifying times on both attributes simultaneously.(Citation: Double Timestomping) In Linux systems and on ESXi servers, threat actors may attempt to perform timestomping using commands such as `touch -a -m -t <timestamp> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to a specific value) or `touch -r <filename> <filename>` (which sets access and modification times to match those of another file).(Citation: Inversecos Linux Timestomping)(Citation: Juniper Networks ESXi Backdoor 2022) Timestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)
Near-miss passage: T1070.009 Clear Persistence. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647), or other methods of cleanup to prevent defenders from collecting evidence of their persistent presence.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) Adversaries may also delete accounts previously created to maintain persistence (i.e. [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136)).(Citation: Talos - Cisco Attack 2022) In some instances, artifacts of persistence may also be removed once an adversary’s persistence is executed in order to prevent errors with the new instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)
Query: exploit PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1 does not properly handle errors while reading a protocol message, whi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0244. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1 does not properly handle errors while reading a protocol message, which allows remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks via crafted binary data in a parameter and causing an error, which triggers the loss of synchronization and part of the protocol message to be treated as a new message, as demonstrated by causing a timeout or query cancellation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6943. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.0. SQL injection vulnerability in the serendipity_checkCommentToken function in include/functions_comments.inc.php in Serendipity before 2.0.2, when "Use Tokens for Comment Moderation" is enabled, allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the serendipity[id] parameter to serendipity_admin.php.
Query: exploit sosreport in SoS 3.x allows local users to obtain sensitive information from sosreport files or gain privileges via a symlink attack on an archive file in a temporary directory, as
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7529. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. sosreport in SoS 3.x allows local users to obtain sensitive information from sosreport files or gain privileges via a symlink attack on an archive file in a temporary directory, as demonstrated by sosreport-$hostname-$date.tar in /tmp/sosreport-$hostname-$date.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3147. CWE: CWE-59. CVSS: 6.5. daemon/abrt-handle-upload.in in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT), when moving problem reports from /var/spool/abrt-upload, allows local users to write to arbitrary files or possibly have other unspecified impact via a symlink attack on (1) /var/spool/abrt or (2) /var/tmp/abrt.
Query: risk of Directory traversal vulnerability in D-Link DVG-N5402SP with firmware W1000CN-00, W1000CN-03, or W2000EN-00 allows remote attackers to read sensitive information via a .. (dot dot)
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7245. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. Directory traversal vulnerability in D-Link DVG-N5402SP with firmware W1000CN-00, W1000CN-03, or W2000EN-00 allows remote attackers to read sensitive information via a .. (dot dot) in the errorpage parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0878. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.800000190734863. Directory traversal vulnerability in CREAR AL-Mail32 before 1.13d allows remote attackers to write to arbitrary files via a crafted filename of an attachment.
Query: risk of Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 12.1.2.0 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, int
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0482. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 12.1.2.0 and 12.1.3.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to WLS-WebServices.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0356. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.281 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.169 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.457 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging an unspecified "type confusion."
Query: detect Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn't contain a lot of information on who in in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn't contain a lot of information on who in. Logsource: windows / windefend. Rule: title: Windows Defender Real-time Protection Disabled id: b28e58e4-2a72-4fae-bdee-0fbe904db642 related: - id: fe34868f-6e0e-4882-81f6-c43aa8f15b62 type: obsolete status: stable description: 'Detects disabling of Windows Defender Real-time Protection. As this event doesn''t contain a lot of information on who initiated this action you might want to reduce it to a "medium" level if this occurs too many times in your environment ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/troubleshoot-microsoft-defender-antivirus?view=o365-worldwide#event-id-5001 - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1562.001/T1562.001.md - https://craigclouditpro.wordpress.com/2020/03/04/hunting-malicious-windows-defender-activity/ author: Ján Trenčanský, frack113 date: 2020-07-28 modified: 2023-11-22 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: windefend detection: selection: EventID: 5001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Administrator actions (should be investigated) - Seen being triggered occasionally during Windows 8 Defender Updates level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, Amm. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: GoToAssist Temporary Installation Artefact id: 5d756aee-ad3e-4306-ad95-cb1abec48de2 status: test description: 'An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, AmmyyAdmin, etc, to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services are commonly used as legitimate technical support software, and may be allowed by application control within a target environment. Remote access tools like VNC, Ammyy, and Teamviewer are used frequently when compared with other legitimate software commonly used by adversaries. (Citation: Symantec Living off the Land) ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1219/T1219.md#atomic-test-4---gotoassist-files-detected-test-on-windows author: frack113 date: 2022-02-13 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: file_event product: windows detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains: \AppData\Local\Temp\LogMeInInc\GoToAssist Remote Support Expert\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-7024
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7024. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.699999809265137. Untrusted search path vulnerability in Apple OS X before 10.11.1 allows local users to bypass intended Gatekeeper restrictions and gain privileges via a Trojan horse program that is loaded from an unexpected directory by an application that has a valid Apple digital signature.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4832. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7, 11.1.2.2, and 11.1.2.3 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via vectors related to OIM Legacy UI.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5064
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5064. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in MySql Lite Administrator (mysql-lite-administrator) beta-1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the table_name parameter to (1) tabella.php, (2) coloni.php, or (3) insert.php or (4) num_row parameter to coloni.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0896. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in eXtplorer before 2.1.7 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Query: alert when Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain re
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain re. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: QuickAssist Execution id: e20b5b14-ce93-4230-88af-981983ef6e74 status: experimental description: 'Detects the execution of Microsoft Quick Assist tool "QuickAssist.exe". This utility can be used by attackers to gain remote access. ' references: - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/15/threat-actors-misusing-quick-assist-in-social-engineering-attacks-leading-to-ransomware/ - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ/ - https://x.com/cyb3rops/status/1862406110365245506 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/client-management/client-tools/quick-assist author: Muhammad Faisal (@faisalusuf) date: 2024-12-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1219.002 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \QuickAssist.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Quick Assist in the environment. level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects installation of Kali Linux distribution through Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Attackers may use Kali Linux. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Installation of WSL Kali-Linux id: eca8ae39-5c3c-4321-b538-9e64fe25822e status: experimental description: 'Detects installation of Kali Linux distribution through Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Attackers may use Kali Linux WSL to leverage its penetration testing tools and capabilities for malicious purposes. ' references: - https://medium.com/@redfanatic7/running-kali-linux-on-windows-51ad95166e6e - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-10-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_wsl_img: - Image|endswith: \wsl.exe - OriginalFileName: wsl selection_wsl_install: CommandLine|contains: - ' --install ' - ' -i ' selection_wsl_kali: CommandLine|contains: kali condition: all of selection_wsl_* falsepositives: - Legitimate installation or usage of Kali Linux WSL by administrators or security teams level: high