alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / ps_classic_start
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell downgrade attack by comparing the host versions with the actually used engine version 2.0. Logsource: windows / ps_classic_start. Rule: title: PowerShell Downgrade Attack - PowerShell id: 6331d09b-4785-4c13-980f-f96661356249 status: test description: Detects PowerShell downgrade attack by comparing the host versions with the actually used engine version 2.0 references: - http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/2017/03/17/detecting-and-preventing-powershell-downgrade-attacks/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Lee Holmes (idea), Harish Segar (improvements) date: 2017-03-22 modified: 2023-10-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_classic_start detection: selection: Data|contains: EngineVersion=2. filter_main: Data|contains: HostVersion=2. condition: selection and not filter_main falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line i. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell XML Execute Command id: 6c6c6282-7671-4fe9-a0ce-a2dcebdc342b status: test description: 'Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code ' references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1059.001/T1059.001.md#atomic-test-8---powershell-xml-requests author: frack113 date: 2022-01-19 modified: 2023-01-19 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_xml: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - New-Object - System.Xml.XmlDocument - .Load selection_exec: ScriptBlockText|contains: - 'IEX ' - 'Invoke-Expression ' - 'Invoke-Command ' - ICM - condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administrative script level: medium
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1057
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1057. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in usersettings.php in e107 2.0.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "Real Name" value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2941. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MediaWiki before 1.19.24, 1.2x before 1.23.9, and 1.24.x before 1.24.2, when using HHVM, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via an invalid parameter in a wddx format request to api.php, which is not properly handled in an error message, related to unsafe calls to wddx_serialize_value.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3314
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3314. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. SQL injection vulnerability in WordPress Tune Library plugin before 1.5.5.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10014. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in arekk uke. This affects an unknown part of the file lib/uke/finder.rb. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The identifier of the patch is 52fd3b2d0bc16227ef57b7b98a3658bb67c1833f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217485 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Query: Persistence mechanism resembling Ignore Process Interrupts
Matching passage: T1564.011 Ignore Process Interrupts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may evade defensive mechanisms by executing commands that hide from process interrupt signals. Many operating systems use signals to deliver messages to control process behavior. Command interpreters often include specific commands/flags that ignore errors and other hangups, such as when the user of the active session logs off.(Citation: Linux Signal Man) These interrupt signals may also be used by defensive tools and/or analysts to pause or terminate specified running processes. Adversaries may invoke processes using `nohup`, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) `-ErrorAction SilentlyContinue`, or similar commands that may be immune to hangups.(Citation: nohup Linux Man)(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell SilentlyContinue) This may enable malicious commands and malware to continue execution through system events that would otherwise terminate its execution, such as users logging off or the termination of its C2 network connection. Hiding from process interrupt signals may allow malware to continue execution, but unlike [Trap](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005) this does not establish [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) since the process will not be re-invoked once actually terminated.
Near-miss passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Query: detect Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: New Root or CA or AuthRoot Certificate to Store id: d223b46b-5621-4037-88fe-fda32eead684 status: test description: Detects the addition of new root, CA or AuthRoot certificates to the Windows registry references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md#atomic-test-6---add-root-certificate-to-currentuser-certificate-store - https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec author: frack113 date: 2022-04-04 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.impact - attack.t1490 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\Root\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\CA\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EnterpriseCertificates\AuthRoot\Certificates\ TargetObject|endswith: \Blob Details: Binary Data condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects service ticket requests using RC4 encryption type. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Suspicious Kerberos RC4 Ticket Encryption id: 496a0e47-0a33-4dca-b009-9e6ca3591f39 status: test description: Detects service ticket requests using RC4 encryption type references: - https://adsecurity.org/?p=3458 - https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/TrimarcResearch/Detecting-Kerberoasting-Activity author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-02-06 modified: 2022-06-19 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1558.003 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4769 TicketOptions: '0x40810000' TicketEncryptionType: '0x17' reduction: ServiceName|endswith: $ condition: selection and not reduction falsepositives: - Service accounts used on legacy systems (e.g. NetApp) - Windows Domains with DFL 2003 and legacy systems level: medium
Query: vulnerability: WebKit in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 allows remote attackers to spoof clicks via a crafted web site that leverages tap events.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5759. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 5.0. WebKit in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 allows remote attackers to spoof clicks via a crafted web site that leverages tap events.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4640. CWE: CWE-254. CVSS: 2.9000000953674316. The SwiftKey language-pack update implementation on Samsung Galaxy S4, S4 Mini, S5, and S6 devices relies on an HTTP connection to the skslm.swiftkey.net server, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to write to language-pack files by modifying an HTTP response. NOTE: CVE-2015-4640 exploitation can be combined with CVE-2015-4641 exploitation for man-in-the-middle code execution.
Query: detect Remote Data Staging
Matching passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Near-miss passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2576
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2576. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the MySQL Utilities component in Oracle MySQL 1.5.1 and earlier, when running on Windows, allows local users to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Installation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2853. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Session fixation vulnerability in the WebUI component in Blue Coat SSL Visibility Appliance SV800, SV1800, SV2800, and SV3800 3.6.x through 3.8.x before 3.8.4 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by providing a session ID.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8764
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8764. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. Off-by-one error in the EAP-PWD module in FreeRADIUS 3.0 through 3.0.8, which triggers a buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5283. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. The sctp_init function in net/sctp/protocol.c in the Linux kernel before 4.2.3 has an incorrect sequence of protocol-initialization steps, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic or memory corruption) by creating SCTP sockets before all of the steps have finished.
Query: exploit The kernel-invoked coredump processor in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) does not properly check the ownership of files before writing core dumps to them, which allows local us
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3142. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.699999809265137. The kernel-invoked coredump processor in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) does not properly check the ownership of files before writing core dumps to them, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information by leveraging write permissions to the working directory of a crashed application.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4515. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Mozilla Firefox before 42.0, when NTLM v1 is enabled for HTTP authentication, allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive hostname information by constructing a crafted web site that sends an NTLM request and reads the Workstation field of an NTLM type 3 message.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6070
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6070. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6066, CVE-2015-6071, CVE-2015-6074, CVE-2015-6076, and CVE-2015-6087.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3088. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.289 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.188 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.460 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 17.0.0.172, Adobe AIR SDK before 17.0.0.172, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 17.0.0.172 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Query: intelligence brief on T1583.001
Matching passage: T1583.001 Domains. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may acquire domains that can be used during targeting. Domain names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free. Adversaries may use acquired domains for a variety of purposes, including for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), and Command and Control.(Citation: CISA MSS Sep 2020) Adversaries may choose domains that are similar to legitimate domains, including through use of homoglyphs or use of a different top-level domain (TLD).(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: PaypalScam) Typosquatting may be used to aid in delivery of payloads via [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). Adversaries may also use internationalized domain names (IDNs) and different character sets (e.g. Cyrillic, Greek, etc.) to execute "IDN homograph attacks," creating visually similar lookalike domains used to deliver malware to victim machines.(Citation: CISA IDN ST05-016)(Citation: tt_httrack_fake_domains)(Citation: tt_obliqueRAT)(Citation: httrack_unhcr)(Citation: lazgroup_idn_phishing) Different URIs/URLs may also be dynamically generated to uniquely serve malicious content to victims (including one-time, single use domain names).(Citation: iOS URL Scheme)(Citation: URI)(Citation: URI Use)(Citation: URI Unique) Adversaries may also acquire and repurpose expired domains, which may be potentially already allowlisted/trusted by defenders based on an existing reputation/history.(Citation: Categorisation_not_boundary)(Citation: Domain_Steal_CC)(Citation: Redirectors_Domain_Fronting)(Citation: bypass_webproxy_filtering) Domain registrars each maintain a publicly viewable database that displays contact information for every registered domain. Private WHOIS services display alternative information, such as their own company data, rather than the owner of the domain. Adversaries may use such pr
Near-miss passage: T1583.006 Web Services. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may register for web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)), [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567), or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Using common services, such as those offered by Google, GitHub, or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise.(Citation: FireEye APT29)(Citation: Hacker News GitHub Abuse 2024) By utilizing a web service, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.
Query: EDR alert: possible OS Credential Dumping (T1003)
Matching passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Near-miss passage: T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information, including password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. By default, <code>/etc/shadow</code> is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Linux stores user information such as user ID, group ID, home directory path, and login shell in <code>/etc/passwd</code>. A "user" on the system may belong to a person or a service. All password hashes are stored in <code>/etc/shadow</code> - including entries for users with no passwords and users with locked or disabled accounts.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats) Adversaries may attempt to read or dump the <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> files on Linux systems via command line utilities such as the <code>cat</code> command.(Citation: Arctic Wolf) Additionally, the Linux utility <code>unshadow</code> can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper - for example, via the command <code>/usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db</code>(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper). Since the user information stored in <code>/etc/passwd</code> are linked to the password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>, an adversary would need to have access to both.
Query: explain CWE-585
Matching passage: CWE-585 Empty Synchronized Block. The product contains an empty synchronized block.
Near-miss passage: CWE-231 Improper Handling of Extra Values. The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.
Query: exploit WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of se
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3733. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and Safari before 6.2.8, 7.x before 7.1.8, and 8.x before 8.0.8, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-1 and APPLE-SA-2015-08-13-3.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1903. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in IBM Domino 8.5 before 8.5.3 FP6 IF7 and 9.0 before 9.0.1 FP3 IF3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted BMP image, aka SPR KLYH9TSN3Y.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7838
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7838. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 10.0. ProcessFileUpload.jsp in SolarWinds Storage Manager before 6.2 allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9193. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845, and SD 850, improper input validation could cause a memory overread and cause the app to crash.
Query: ATT&CK technique for SID-History Injection
Matching passage: T1134.005 SID-History Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens). With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).
Near-miss passage: T1134.002 Create Process with Token. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs) Creating processes with a token not associated with the current user may require the credentials of the target user, specific privileges to impersonate that user, or access to the token to be used. For example, the token could be duplicated via [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) or created via [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003) before being used to create a process. While this technique is distinct from [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001), the techniques can be used in conjunction where a token is duplicated and then used to create a new process.