alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: adversary uses Reflective Code Loading
Matching passage: T1620 Reflective Code Loading. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk (e.g., [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)). Reflectively loaded payloads may be compiled binaries, anonymous files (only present in RAM), or just snubs of fileless executable code (ex: position-independent shellcode).(Citation: Introducing Donut)(Citation: S1 Custom Shellcode Tool)(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL) For example, the `Assembly.Load()` method executed by [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) may be abused to load raw code into the running process.(Citation: Microsoft AssemblyLoad) Reflective code injection is very similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) except that the “injection” loads code into the processes’ own memory instead of that of a separate process. Reflective loading may evade process-based detections since the execution of the arbitrary code may be masked within a legitimate or otherwise benign process. Reflectively loading payloads directly into memory may also avoid creating files or other artifacts on disk, while also enabling malware to keep these payloads encrypted (or otherwise obfuscated) until execution.(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Intezer ACBackdoor)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)
Near-miss passage: T1036.009 Break Process Trees. Tactics: stealth. Description: An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the “parent-child" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary’s behavior not being associated with previous process tree activity. On Unix-based systems breaking this process tree is common practice for administrators to execute software using scripts and programs.(Citation: 3OHA double-fork 2022) On Linux systems, adversaries may execute a series of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to alter malware's process tree. For example, adversaries can execute their payload without any arguments, call the `fork()` API call twice, then have the parent process exit. This creates a grandchild process with no parent process that is immediately adopted by the `init` system process (PID 1), which successfully disconnects the execution of the adversary's payload from its previous process tree. Another example is using the “daemon” syscall to detach from the current parent process and run in the background.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)(Citation: Microsoft XorDdos Linux Stealth 2022)
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of the perl binary with the "-e" flag and common strings related to potential reverse shell activity
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the perl binary with the "-e" flag and common strings related to potential reverse shell activity. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Perl Reverse Shell Execution id: 259df6bc-003f-4306-9f54-4ff1a08fa38e status: test description: Detects execution of the perl binary with the "-e" flag and common strings related to potential reverse shell activity references: - https://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet - https://www.revshells.com/ author: '@d4ns4n_, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)' date: 2023-04-07 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /perl CommandLine|contains: ' -e ' selection_content: - CommandLine|contains|all: - fdopen( - ::Socket::INET - CommandLine|contains|all: - Socket - connect - open - exec condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of AppX packages with known suspicious or malicious signature. Logsource: windows / appxpackaging-om. Rule: title: Suspicious Digital Signature Of AppX Package id: b5aa7d60-c17e-4538-97de-09029d6cd76b status: test description: Detects execution of AppX packages with known suspicious or malicious signature references: - Internal Research - https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/inside-malicious-windows-apps-for-malware-deployment/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-01-16 tags: - attack.execution - attack.stealth logsource: product: windows service: appxpackaging-om detection: selection: EventID: 157 subjectName: CN=Foresee Consulting Inc., O=Foresee Consulting Inc., L=North York, S=Ontario, C=CA, SERIALNUMBER=1004913-1, OID.1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=CA, OID.2.5.4.15=Private Organization condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: explain CWE-914
Matching passage: CWE-914 Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables. The product does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.
Near-miss passage: CWE-507 Trojan Horse. The product appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.
Query: indicators of LSA Secrets
Matching passage: T1003.004 LSA Secrets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets) [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)
Near-miss passage: T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information. Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / registry_set
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the installation of a new shim database where the file is located in a non-default location. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via Shim Database In Uncommon Location id: 6b6976a3-b0e6-4723-ac24-ae38a737af41 status: test description: Detects the installation of a new shim database where the file is located in a non-default location references: - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html - https://andreafortuna.org/2018/11/12/process-injection-and-persistence-using-application-shimming/ - https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-14/materials/Erickson/Asia-14-Erickson-Persist-It-Using-And-Abusing-Microsofts-Fix-It-Patches.pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-01 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1546.011 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains|all: - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\InstalledSDB\ - \DatabasePath filter_main_known_locations: Details|contains: :\Windows\AppPatch\Custom condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the registration of the security event source VSSAudit. It would usually trigger when volume shadow copy operati. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: VSSAudit Security Event Source Registration id: e9faba72-4974-4ab2-a4c5-46e25ad59e9b status: test description: Detects the registration of the security event source VSSAudit. It would usually trigger when volume shadow copy operations happen. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1003.002/T1003.002.md#atomic-test-3---esentutlexe-sam-copy author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR) date: 2020-10-20 modified: 2022-04-28 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.002 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: AuditSourceName: VSSAudit EventID: - 4904 - 4905 condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of VSSVC. Maybe backup operations. It would usually be done by C:\Windows\System32\VSSVC.exe. level: informational
Query: vulnerability: The cpanel function in go_site.php in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the $type portion of the PATH_INFO.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2845. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 10.0. The cpanel function in go_site.php in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the $type portion of the PATH_INFO.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4237. CWE: CWE-78. CVSS: 4.599999904632568. The CLI parser in Cisco NX-OS 4.1(2)E1(1), 6.2(11b), 6.2(12), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.1), 7.2(0)ZZ(99.3), and 9.1(1)SV1(3.1.8) on Nexus devices allows local users to execute arbitrary OS commands via crafted characters in a filename, aka Bug IDs CSCuv08491, CSCuv08443, CSCuv08480, CSCuv08448, CSCuu99291, CSCuv08434, and CSCuv08436.
Query: exploit libreswan 3.9 through 3.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon restart) via an IKEv1 packet with (1) unassigned bits set in the IPSEC DOI value or (2) the 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3204. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. libreswan 3.9 through 3.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon restart) via an IKEv1 packet with (1) unassigned bits set in the IPSEC DOI value or (2) the next payload value set to ISAKMP_NEXT_SAK.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7686. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Algorithmic complexity vulnerability in Address.pm in the Email-Address module 1.908 and earlier for Perl allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a crafted string containing a list of e-mail addresses in conjunction with parenthesis characters that can be associated with nested comments. NOTE: the default configuration in 1.908 mitigates this vulnerability but misparses certain realistic comments.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6340
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6340. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.0. The Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) component in the CDMA implementation on Cisco ASR 5000 devices with software 19.0.M0.60737 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (hamgr process restart) via a crafted header in a PMIPv6 packet, aka Bug ID CSCuv63280.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8614. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.300000190734863. Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the (1) conv_jistoeuc, (2) conv_euctojis, and (3) conv_sjistoeuc functions in codeconv.c in Claws Mail before 3.13.1 allow remote attackers to have unspecified impact via a crafted email, involving Japanese character set conversion.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5524
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5524. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with KK(4.4) and later software through 2015-05-13. There is a buffer overflow in datablock_write because the amount of received data is not validated. The Samsung ID is SVE-2015-4018 (December 2015).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3717. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Query: actor TTPs: Shell History
Matching passage: T1552.003 Shell History. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search the command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. On Linux and macOS systems, shells such as Bash and Zsh keep track of the commands users type on the command-line with the "history" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user's history file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: for example, `~/.bash_history` or `~/.zsh_history`. Typically, these files keeps track of the user's last 1000 commands. On Windows, PowerShell has both a command history that is wiped after the session ends, and one that contains commands used in all sessions and is persistent. The default location for persistent history can be found in `%userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt`, but command history can also be accessed with `Get-History`. Command Prompt (CMD) on Windows does not have persistent history.(Citation: Microsoft about_History)(Citation: Medium) Users often type usernames and passwords on the command-line as parameters to programs, which then get saved to this file when they log out. Adversaries can abuse this by looking through the file for potential credentials.(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)
Near-miss passage: T1552.004 Private Keys. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. Adversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:&#92;Users&#92;(username)&#92;.ssh&#92;</code> on Windows. Adversary tools may also search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia) When a device is registered to Entra ID, a device key and a transport key are generated and used to verify the device’s identity.(Citation: Microsoft Primary Refresh Token) An adversary with access to the device may be able to export the keys in order to impersonate the device.(Citation: AADInternals Azure AD Device Identities) On network devices, private keys may be exported via [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands such as `crypto pki export`.(Citation: cisco_deploy_rsa_keys) Some private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.
Query: exploit Stack-based buffer overflow in the agent in Persistent Accelerite Radia Client Automation (formerly HP Client Automation), possibly before 9.1, allows remote attackers to execute a
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7860. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Stack-based buffer overflow in the agent in Persistent Accelerite Radia Client Automation (formerly HP Client Automation), possibly before 9.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending a large amount of data in an environment that lacks relationship-based firewalling.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3665. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3664 and CVE-2015-3669.
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Commonly Used Port
Matching passage: T1043 Commonly Used Port. Tactics: command and control. Description: **This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.** Adversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as * TCP:80 (HTTP) * TCP:443 (HTTPS) * TCP:25 (SMTP) * TCP/UDP:53 (DNS) They may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are * TCP/UDP:135 (RPC) * TCP/UDP:22 (SSH) * TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)
Near-miss passage: T1008 Fallback Channels. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.
Query: EDR alert: possible Clipboard Data (T1115)
Matching passage: T1115 Clipboard Data. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. For example, on Windows adversaries can access clipboard data by using <code>clip.exe</code> or <code>Get-Clipboard</code>.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard)(Citation: clip_win_server)(Citation: CISA_AA21_200B) Additionally, adversaries may monitor then replace users’ clipboard with their data (e.g., [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002)).(Citation: mining_ruby_reversinglabs) macOS and Linux also have commands, such as <code>pbpaste</code>, to grab clipboard contents.(Citation: Operating with EmPyre)
Near-miss passage: T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: CISA AA20-352A 2021) Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients.
Query: describe CVE-2015-5245
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5245. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. CRLF injection vulnerability in the Ceph Object Gateway (aka radosgw or RGW) in Ceph before 0.94.4 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via a crafted bucket name.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8566. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. The Session package 1.x before 1.3.1 for Joomla! Framework allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified session values.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1136
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1136. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in CoreAnimation in Apple OS X before 10.10.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging improper use of a mutex.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9217. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, SD 845, SDM630, SDM636, SDM660, and Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, certain malformed HVEC clips could cause an assertion to fail.
Query: exploit A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in RealFaviconGenerator Favicon Plugin up to 1.2.12 on WordPress. This affects the function install_new_favicon of the file
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10116. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in RealFaviconGenerator Favicon Plugin up to 1.2.12 on WordPress. This affects the function install_new_favicon of the file admin/class-favicon-by-realfavicongenerator-admin.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 1.2.13 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 949a1ae7216216350458844f50a72f100b56d4e7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-230661 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7984. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Horde before 5.2.8, Horde Groupware before 5.2.11, and Horde Groupware Webmail Edition before 5.2.11 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that execute arbitrary (1) commands via the cmd parameter to admin/cmdshell.php, (2) SQL queries via the sql parameter to admin/sqlshell.php, or (3) PHP code via the php parameter to admin/phpshell.php.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-8538
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8538. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. dwarf_leb.c in libdwarf allows attackers to cause a denial of service (SIGSEGV).
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4276. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. Cisco WebEx Meetings Server 2.5MR1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command parameter, aka Bug ID CSCus56138.