alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: mitigate Digital Certificates
Matching passage: T1588.004 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. Adversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for. Certificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ) After obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.
Near-miss passage: T1588 Obtain Capabilities. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates, and information relating to vulnerabilities. Adversaries may obtain capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle. In addition to downloading free malware, software, and exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware and exploits, criminal marketplaces, or from individuals.(Citation: NationsBuying)(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab) In addition to purchasing capabilities, adversaries may steal capabilities from third-party entities (including other adversaries). This can include stealing software licenses, malware, SSL/TLS and code-signing certificates, or raiding closed databases of vulnerabilities or exploits.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise)
Query: adversary uses Domain Accounts
Matching passage: T1078.002 Domain Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts) Adversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.
Near-miss passage: T1078.004 Cloud Accounts. Tactics: stealth, persistence, privilege escalation, initial access. Description: Valid accounts in cloud environments may allow adversaries to perform actions to achieve Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. Cloud Accounts can exist solely in the cloud; alternatively, they may be hybrid-joined between on-premises systems and the cloud through syncing or federation with other identity sources such as Windows Active Directory.(Citation: AWS Identity Federation)(Citation: Google Federating GC)(Citation: Microsoft Deploying AD Federation) Service or user accounts may be targeted by adversaries through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), or various other means to gain access to the environment. Federated or synced accounts may be a pathway for the adversary to affect both on-premises systems and cloud environments - for example, by leveraging shared credentials to log onto [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021). High privileged cloud accounts, whether federated, synced, or cloud-only, may also allow pivoting to on-premises environments by leveraging SaaS-based [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072) to run commands on hybrid-joined devices. An adversary may create long lasting [Additional Cloud Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001) on a compromised cloud account to maintain persistence in the environment. Such credentials may also be used to bypass security controls such as multi-factor authentication. Cloud accounts may also be able to assume [Temporary Elevated Cloud Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/005) or other privileges through various means within the environment. Misconfigurations in role assignments or role assumption policies may allow an adversar
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5600
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5600. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 8.100000381469727. The kbdint_next_device function in auth2-chall.c in sshd in OpenSSH through 6.9 does not properly restrict the processing of keyboard-interactive devices within a single connection, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct brute-force attacks or cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a long and duplicative list in the ssh -oKbdInteractiveDevices option, as demonstrated by a modified client that provides a different password for each pam element on this list.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8150. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Symantec Encryption Management Server (SEMS) 3.3.2 before MP12 allows local users to obtain root access by modifying a batch file.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / file_event
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects Rclone config files being created. Logsource: windows / file_event. Rule: title: Rclone Config File Creation id: 34986307-b7f4-49be-92f3-e7a4d01ac5db status: test description: Detects Rclone config files being created references: - https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/05/27/detecting-rclone-an-effective-tool-for-exfiltration/ author: Aaron Greetham (@beardofbinary) - NCC Group date: 2021-05-26 modified: 2023-05-09 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1567.002 logsource: product: windows category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \.config\rclone\ condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate Rclone usage level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of the "Write-EventLog" cmdlet with 'RawData' flag. The cmdlet can be levreage to write malicious payloads. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: PowerShell Write-EventLog Usage id: 35f41cd7-c98e-469f-8a02-ec4ba0cc7a7e status: test description: Detects usage of the "Write-EventLog" cmdlet with 'RawData' flag. The cmdlet can be levreage to write malicious payloads to the EventLog and then retrieve them later for later use references: - https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/windows-event-logs-for-red-teams/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-16 tags: - attack.defense-impairment logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Write-EventLog - '-RawData ' condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate applications writing events via this cmdlet. Investigate alerts to determine if the action is benign level: medium
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a differen
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1703. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1704.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6607. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. SQLite before 3.8.9, as used in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48T, allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka internal bug 20099586.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2787
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2787. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Use-after-free vulnerability in the process_nested_data function in ext/standard/var_unserializer.re in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted unserialize call that leverages use of the unset function within an __wakeup function, a related issue to CVE-2015-0231.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5432. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. HP Virtual Connect Enterprise Manager (VCEM) SDK before 7.5.0, as used in HP Matrix Operating Environment before 7.5.0 and other products, allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify data via unspecified vectors.
Query: exploit IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2025. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 7.1.0 before 7.1.0.3 and 7.1.1 before 7.1.1.1 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3711. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The NTFS implementation in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows attackers to obtain sensitive memory-layout information for the kernel via a crafted app.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4728
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4728. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Sourcing component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1, 12.1.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Bid/Quote creation.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2767. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Websense TRITON AP-EMAIL before 8.0.0 has unknown impact and attack vectors, related to "Autocomplete Enabled."
Query: vulnerability: Race condition in the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Window
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6126. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Race condition in the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via a crafted application, aka "Windows PGM UAF Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1862. CWE: CWE-362. CVSS: 7.0. The crash reporting feature in Abrt allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging an execve by root after a chroot into a user-specified directory in a namedspaced environment.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4105
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4105. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. Xen 3.3.x through 4.5.x enables logging for PCI MSI-X pass-through error messages, which allows local x86 HVM guests to cause a denial of service (host disk consumption) via certain invalid operations.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0064. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word Automation Services in SharePoint Server 2010, Web Applications 2010 SP2, Word Viewer, and Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted Office document, aka "Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6124
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6124. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Word 2007 SP3, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word 2013 SP1, Word 2013 RT SP1, and Office Compatibility Pack SP3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3835. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Buffer overflow in the OMXNodeInstance::emptyBuffer function in omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp in libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted application, aka internal bug 20634516.
Query: risk of Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0327. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.269 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.305 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.442 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0323.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5890. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. IOGraphics in Apple OS X before 10.11 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5871, CVE-2015-5872, and CVE-2015-5873.
Query: hunt for Local Data Staging activity
Matching passage: T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. Adversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)
Near-miss passage: T1074.002 Remote Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. In cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
Query: indicators of Masquerading
Matching passage: T1036 Masquerading. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names. Renaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)
Near-miss passage: T1036.002 Right-to-Left Override. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) Adversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.
Query: describe CVE-2015-4817
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4817. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 6.199999809265137. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.2 allows local users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via vectors related to Kernel Zones virtualized NIC driver.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2118. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the Secure Pull Print and Security Pull Print components in HP Access Control (AC) Software 12.x through 14.x before 14.1.2 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unknown vectors.
Query: exploit WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.7, 7.x before 7.1.7, and 8.x before 8.0.7, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and other products, does not properly restrict rename operations on Web
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3727. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit in Apple Safari before 6.2.7, 7.x before 7.1.7, and 8.x before 8.0.7, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and other products, does not properly restrict rename operations on WebSQL tables, which allows remote attackers to access an arbitrary web site's database via a crafted web site.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3085. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.289 and 14.x through 17.x before 17.0.0.188 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.460 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 17.0.0.172, Adobe AIR SDK before 17.0.0.172, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 17.0.0.172 allow remote attackers to bypass intended restrictions on filesystem write operations via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3082 and CVE-2015-3083.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1252
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1252. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. common/partial_circular_buffer.cc in Google Chrome before 43.0.2357.65 does not properly handle wraps, which allows remote attackers to bypass a sandbox protection mechanism or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write) via vectors that trigger a write operation with a large amount of data, related to the PartialCircularBuffer::Write and PartialCircularBuffer::DoWrite functions.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7086. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.599999904632568. Apple QuickTime before 7.7.9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted movie file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7085, CVE-2015-7087, CVE-2015-7088, CVE-2015-7089, CVE-2015-7090, CVE-2015-7091, CVE-2015-7092, and CVE-2015-7117.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-9281
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9281. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. Logon Manager in SAS Web Infrastructure Platform before 9.4M3 allows reflected XSS on the Timeout page.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5489. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 3.5. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Smart Trim module 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.5 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with certain permissions to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving the field settings form.
Query: risk of Application plugins in Apache CXF Fediz before 1.1.3 and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5175. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. Application plugins in Apache CXF Fediz before 1.1.3 and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3876. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libstagefright in Android through 5.1.1 LMY48M allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted metadata in a (1) MP3 or (2) MP4 file.
Query: describe CVE-2015-0405
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0405. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL Server 5.6.22 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors related to XA.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7653. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.261 and 19.x before 19.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.548 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 19.0.0.241, Adobe AIR SDK before 19.0.0.241, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 19.0.0.241 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted globalToLocal arguments, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7651, CVE-2015-7652, CVE-2015-7654, CVE-2015-7655, CVE-2015-7656, CVE-2015-7657, CVE-2015-7658, CVE-2015-7660, CVE-2015-7661, CVE-2015-7663, CVE-2015-8042, CVE-2015-8043, CVE-2015-8044, and CVE-2015-8046.
Query: exploit An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm closed source components. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-36393251.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9013. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm closed source components. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-36393251.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1685. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass."