alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: telemetry for T1048
Matching passage: T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Near-miss passage: T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. Network protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol.
Query: vulnerability: In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer over-read vulnerability exists in RFA-1x.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8594. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer over-read vulnerability exists in RFA-1x.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8386. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. PCRE before 8.38 mishandles the interaction of lookbehind assertions and mutually recursive subpatterns, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted regular expression, as demonstrated by a JavaScript RegExp object encountered by Konqueror.
Query: containment actions for Outbound C2 pattern associated with Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation
Matching passage: Playbook for T1621 Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1621. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: credential access. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may attempt to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms and gain access to accounts by generating MFA requests sent to users. Adversaries in possession of credentials to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) may be unable to complete the login process if they lack access to the 2FA or MFA mechanisms required as an additional credential and security cont
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1110.002 Password Cracking. Different response path focused on credential access.
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Lolbin Unregmp2.exe Use As Proxy id: 727454c0-d851-48b0-8b89-385611ab0704 status: test description: Detect usage of the "unregmp2.exe" binary as a proxy to launch a custom version of "wmpnscfg.exe" references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Unregmp2/ author: frack113 date: 2022-12-29 modified: 2024-06-04 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \unregmp2.exe - OriginalFileName: unregmp2.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains|windash: ' /HideWMP' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when an attacker register a new SIP provider for persistence and defense evasion. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Persistence Via New SIP Provider id: 5a2b21ee-6aaa-4234-ac9d-59a59edf90a1 status: test description: Detects when an attacker register a new SIP provider for persistence and defense evasion references: - https://persistence-info.github.io/Data/codesigning.html - https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/SIP - https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-21 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1553.003 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection_root: TargetObject|contains: - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\Providers\ - \SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType - \SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Cryptography\Providers\ - \SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType selection_dll: TargetObject|contains: - \Dll - \$DLL filter: Details: - WINTRUST.DLL - mso.dll filter_poqexec: Image: C:\Windows\System32\poqexec.exe TargetObject|contains: \CryptSIPDll Details: C:\Windows\System32\PsfSip.dll condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter* falsepositives: - Legitimate SIP being registered by the OS or different software. level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-0670
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0670. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The default configuration of Cisco Small Business IP phones SPA 300 7.5.5 and SPA 500 7.5.5 does not properly support authentication, which allows remote attackers to read audio-stream data or originate telephone calls via a crafted XML request, aka Bug ID CSCuo52482.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5649. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 7.0. Cybozu Garoon 3.x through 3.7.5 and 4.x through 4.0.3 mishandles authentication requests, which allows remote authenticated users to conduct LDAP injection attacks, and consequently bypass intended login restrictions or obtain sensitive information, by leveraging certain group-administration privileges.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process inj
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process inj. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Uncommon Child Process Of Conhost.EXE id: 7dc2dedd-7603-461a-bc13-15803d132355 related: - id: dfa03a09-8b92-4d83-8e74-f72839b1c407 type: similar status: test description: Detects uncommon "conhost" child processes. This could be a sign of "conhost" usage as a LOLBIN or potential process injection activity. references: - http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2020/05/25/how-to-con-your-host/ author: omkar72 date: 2020-10-25 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \conhost.exe filter_main_conhost: Image|endswith: :\Windows\System32\conhost.exe filter_main_null: Image: null filter_main_empty: Image: '' filter_optional_provider: Provider_Name: SystemTraceProvider-Process condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of the keywords "Wscript", "Shell" and "Run" in the command, which could indicate a suspicious acti. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Wscript Shell Run In CommandLine id: 2c28c248-7f50-417a-9186-a85b223010ee status: test description: Detects the presence of the keywords "Wscript", "Shell" and "Run" in the command, which could indicate a suspicious activity references: - https://web.archive.org/web/20220830122045/http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/08/modernloader-delivers-multiple-stealers.html - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/modernloader-delivers-multiple-stealers-cryptominers-and-rats/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-31 modified: 2023-05-15 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - Wscript. - .Shell - .Run condition: selection falsepositives: - Inline scripting can be used by some rare third party applications or administrators. Investigate and apply additional filters accordingly level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of "ldifde.exe" in order to export organizational Active Directory structure.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Active Directory Structure Export Via Ldifde.EXE id: 4f7a6757-ff79-46db-9687-66501a02d9ec status: test description: Detects the execution of "ldifde.exe" in order to export organizational Active Directory structure. references: - https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-backdoordiplomacy-attack-a-study-of-an-attackers-toolkit - https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5743766-Global-Threat-Report-2019.html - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc731033(v=ws.11) author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-03-14 tags: - attack.exfiltration logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_ldif: - Image|endswith: \ldifde.exe - OriginalFileName: ldifde.exe selection_cmd: CommandLine|contains: -f filter_import: CommandLine|contains: ' -i' condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Storing files in Alternate Data Stream (ADS) similar to Astaroth malware.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell Store File In Alternate Data Stream id: a699b30e-d010-46c8-bbd1-ee2e26765fe9 status: test description: Storing files in Alternate Data Stream (ADS) similar to Astaroth malware. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1564.004/T1564.004.md author: frack113 date: 2021-09-02 modified: 2022-12-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1564.004 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_compspec: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Start-Process - '-FilePath "$env:comspec" ' - '-ArgumentList ' - '>' condition: selection_compspec falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Exfiltration to Code Repository
Matching passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.
Near-miss passage: T1567.004 Exfiltration Over Webhook. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a webhook endpoint rather than over their primary command and control channel. Webhooks are simple mechanisms for allowing a server to push data over HTTP/S to a client without the need for the client to continuously poll the server.(Citation: RedHat Webhooks) Many public and commercial services, such as Discord, Slack, and `webhook.site`, support the creation of webhook endpoints that can be used by other services, such as Github, Jira, or Trello.(Citation: Discord Intro to Webhooks) When changes happen in the linked services (such as pushing a repository update or modifying a ticket), these services will automatically post the data to the webhook endpoint for use by the consuming application. Adversaries may link an adversary-owned environment to a victim-owned SaaS service to achieve repeated [Automated Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020) of emails, chat messages, and other data.(Citation: Push Security SaaS Attacks Repository Webhooks) Alternatively, instead of linking the webhook endpoint to a service, an adversary can manually post staged data directly to the URL in order to exfiltrate it.(Citation: Microsoft SQL Server) Access to webhook endpoints is often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration leveraging webhooks can also blend in with normal network traffic if the webhook endpoint points to a commonly used SaaS application or collaboration service.(Citation: CyberArk Labs Discord)(Citation: Talos Discord Webhook Abuse)(Citation: Checkmarx Webhooks)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-9063
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9063. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a buffer overflow vulnerability exists in a procedure involving a remote UIM client.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0307. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 8.5. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.260 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.257 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.429 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 16.0.0.245 on Windows and OS X and before 16.0.0.272 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 16.0.0.272, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 16.0.0.272 allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via unspecified vectors.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7113
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7113. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. The LaunchServices component in Apple iOS before 9.2 and watchOS before 2.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a malformed plist.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3117. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.302 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.203 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.481 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.180, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.180, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.180 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3123, CVE-2015-3130, CVE-2015-3133, CVE-2015-3134, and CVE-2015-4431.
Query: vulnerability: The Flash broker in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 o
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3101. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Flash broker in Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.292 and 14.x through 18.x before 18.0.0.160 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.466 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X and Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.144 on Windows and before 18.0.0.143 on OS X, when Internet Explorer is used, allows attackers to perform a transition from Low Integrity to Medium Integrity via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1661. CWE: CWE-264. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer ASLR Bypass Vulnerability."
Query: Sigma rule for Detects the import of a alternate datastream to the registry with regedit.exe.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the import of a alternate datastream to the registry with regedit.exe.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Imports Registry Key From an ADS id: 0b80ade5-6997-4b1d-99a1-71701778ea61 related: - id: 73bba97f-a82d-42ce-b315-9182e76c57b1 type: similar status: test description: Detects the import of a alternate datastream to the registry with regedit.exe. references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regedit/ - https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f author: Oddvar Moe, Sander Wiebing, oscd.community date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2024-03-13 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1112 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \regedit.exe - OriginalFileName: REGEDIT.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' /i ' - .reg CommandLine|re: :[^ \\] filter: CommandLine|contains|windash: - ' -e ' - ' -a ' - ' -c ' condition: all of selection_* and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects setting proxy configuration. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Connection Proxy id: 72f4ab3f-787d-495d-a55d-68c2ff46cf4c status: test description: Detects setting proxy configuration author: Ömer Günal date: 2020-06-17 modified: 2022-10-05 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1090 logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: - http_proxy= - https_proxy= condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: low
Query: describe CVE-2015-4421
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4421. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The tzdriver module in Huawei Mate 7 (Mate7-TL10) smartphones before V100R001CHNC00B126SP03 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via an unspecified input.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3679. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3680, CVE-2015-3681, and CVE-2015-3682.
Query: actor TTPs: Hide Artifacts
Matching passage: T1564 Hide Artifacts. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) Adversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)
Near-miss passage: T1564.012 File/Path Exclusions. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide their file-based artifacts by writing them to specific folders or file names excluded from antivirus (AV) scanning and other defensive capabilities. AV and other file-based scanners often include exclusions to optimize performance as well as ease installation and legitimate use of applications. These exclusions may be contextual (e.g., scans are only initiated in response to specific triggering events/alerts), but are also often hardcoded strings referencing specific folders and/or files assumed to be trusted and legitimate.(Citation: Microsoft File Folder Exclusions) Adversaries may abuse these exclusions to hide their file-based artifacts. For example, rather than tampering with tool settings to add a new exclusion (i.e., [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685)), adversaries may drop their file-based payloads in default or otherwise well-known exclusions. Adversaries may also use [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) and other [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007)/[Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043) activities to both discover and verify existing exclusions in a victim environment.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5395
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5395. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SOGo before 3.1.0.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2680. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in MetalGenix GeniXCMS before 0.0.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that add an administrator account via a request in the users page to gxadmin/index.php.
Query: explain CWE-1333
Matching passage: CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity. The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
Near-miss passage: CWE-494 Download of Code Without Integrity Check. The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
Query: exploit A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in jvvlee MerlinsBoard. This affects an unknown part of the component Grade Handler. The manipulation leads to impro
Matching passage: CVE-2015-10033. CWE: CWE-285. CVSS: 6.5. A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in jvvlee MerlinsBoard. This affects an unknown part of the component Grade Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The identifier of the patch is 134f5481e2914b7f096cd92a22b1e6bcb8e6dfe5. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217713 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3954. CWE: CWE-285. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Hospira Plum A+ Infusion System version 13.4 and prior, Plum A+3 Infusion System version 13.6 and prior, and Symbiq Infusion System, version 3.13 and prior give unauthenticated users root privileges on Port 23/TELNET by default. An unauthorized user could issue commands to the pump. Hospira recommends that customers close Port 23/TELNET on the affected devices. Hospira has also released the Plum 360 Infusion System which is not vulnerable to this issue.
Query: describe CVE-2015-6369
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6369. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.900000095367432. The USB driver in Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System 1.1(1.160) on Firepower 9000 devices allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted USB device that triggers invalid USB commands, aka Bug ID CSCux10531.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1787. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.5999999046325684. The ssl3_get_client_key_exchange function in s3_srvr.c in OpenSSL 1.0.2 before 1.0.2a, when client authentication and an ephemeral Diffie-Hellman ciphersuite are enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a ClientKeyExchange message with a length of zero.