alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: risk of Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Cisco TelePresence ISDN Gateway devices with software 2.2(1.106) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrar
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4252. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on Cisco TelePresence ISDN Gateway devices with software 2.2(1.106) allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug ID CSCuu90724.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8536. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. MITRE is populating this ID because it was assigned prior to Lenovo becoming a CNA. A vulnerability was discovered (fixed and publicly disclosed in 2015) in Lenovo Solution Center (LSC) prior to version 3.3.002 that could allow cross-site request forgery.
Query: exploit EasyCTF before 1.4 does not validate the session ID, which allows remote attackers to obtain access via a crafted HTTP request.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0914. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 5.0. EasyCTF before 1.4 does not validate the session ID, which allows remote attackers to obtain access via a crafted HTTP request.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0277. CWE: CWE-284. CVSS: 6.0. The Service Provider (SP) in PicketLink before 2.7.0 does not ensure that it is a member of an Audience element when an AudienceRestriction is specified, which allows remote attackers to log in to other users' accounts via a crafted SAML assertion. NOTE: this identifier has been SPLIT per ADT2 due to different vulnerability types. See CVE-2015-6254 for lack of validation for the Destination attribute in a Response element in a SAML assertion.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects when a DNS zone transfer failed.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when a DNS zone transfer failed.. Logsource: windows / dns-server. Rule: title: Failed DNS Zone Transfer id: 6d444368-6da1-43fe-b2fc-44202430480e status: test description: Detects when a DNS zone transfer failed. references: - https://kb.eventtracker.com/evtpass/evtpages/EventId_6004_Microsoft-Windows-DNS-Server-Service_65410.asp author: Zach Mathis date: 2023-05-24 tags: - attack.reconnaissance - attack.t1590.002 logsource: product: windows service: dns-server detection: selection: EventID: 6004 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects locked workstation session events that occur automatically after a standard period of inactivity.. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Locked Workstation id: 411742ad-89b0-49cb-a7b0-3971b5c1e0a4 status: stable description: Detects locked workstation session events that occur automatically after a standard period of inactivity. references: - https://www.cisecurity.org/controls/cis-controls-list/ - https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/PCI_DSS_v3-2-1.pdf - https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4800 author: Alexandr Yampolskyi, SOC Prime date: 2019-03-26 modified: 2023-12-11 tags: - attack.impact logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4800 condition: selection falsepositives: - Likely level: informational
Query: write Sigma for Detects loaded unsigned image on the system
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects loaded unsigned image on the system. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Unsigned Image Loaded id: c92c24e7-f595-493f-9c98-53d5142f5c18 status: test description: Detects loaded unsigned image on the system references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: 3037 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Raccine Uninstall id: a31eeaed-3fd5-478e-a8ba-e62c6b3f9ecc status: test description: Detects commands that indicate a Raccine removal from an end system. Raccine is a free ransomware protection tool. references: - https://github.com/Neo23x0/Raccine author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-01-21 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection1: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'taskkill ' - RaccineSettings.exe selection2: CommandLine|contains|all: - reg.exe - delete - Raccine Tray selection3: CommandLine|contains|all: - schtasks - /DELETE - Raccine Rules Updater condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Legitimate deinstallation by administrative staff level: high
Query: alert when Detects new BITS transfer job saving local files with potential suspicious extensions
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects new BITS transfer job saving local files with potential suspicious extensions. Logsource: windows / bits-client. Rule: title: BITS Transfer Job Downloading File Potential Suspicious Extension id: b85e5894-9b19-4d86-8c87-a2f3b81f0521 status: test description: Detects new BITS transfer job saving local files with potential suspicious extensions references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1197/T1197.md author: frack113 date: 2022-03-01 modified: 2023-03-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.stealth - attack.t1197 logsource: product: windows service: bits-client detection: selection: EventID: 16403 LocalName|endswith: - .bat - .dll - .exe - .hta - .ps1 - .psd1 - .sh - .vbe - .vbs filter_optional_generic: LocalName|contains: \AppData\ RemoteName|contains: .com condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_* falsepositives: - While the file extensions in question can be suspicious at times. It's best to add filters according to your environment to avoid large amount false positives level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects network connections to Devtunnels domains initiated by a process on a system. Attackers can abuse that feature t. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated To DevTunnels Domain id: 9501f8e6-8e3d-48fc-a8a6-1089dd5d7ef4 related: - id: 4b657234-038e-4ad5-997c-4be42340bce4 type: similar - id: b3e6418f-7c7a-4fad-993a-93b65027a9f1 type: similar - id: 1cb0c6ce-3d00-44fc-ab9c-6d6d577bf20b type: similar status: test description: 'Detects network connections to Devtunnels domains initiated by a process on a system. Attackers can abuse that feature to establish a reverse shell or persistence on a machine. ' references: - https://blueteamops.medium.com/detecting-dev-tunnels-16f0994dc3e2 - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/developer/dev-tunnels/security - https://cydefops.com/devtunnels-unleashed author: Kamran Saifullah date: 2023-11-20 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1567.001 - attack.t1572 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationHostname|endswith: .devtunnels.ms condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of Devtunnels will also trigger this. level: medium
Query: vulnerability: IBM MQ Light before 1.0.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) via a crafted byte sequence in authentication data, a different vulnerability th
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1958. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. IBM MQ Light before 1.0.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) via a crafted byte sequence in authentication data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1956 and CVE-2015-1987.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6268. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE before 2.2.3 on ASR 1000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted IPv4 UDP packet, aka Bug ID CSCsw95482.
Query: vulnerability: The File Repository Server (FRS) CORBA listener in SAP BussinessObjects Edge 4.0 allows remote attackers to write to arbitrary files via a full pathname, aka SAP Note 2018681.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2074. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.5. The File Repository Server (FRS) CORBA listener in SAP BussinessObjects Edge 4.0 allows remote attackers to write to arbitrary files via a full pathname, aka SAP Note 2018681.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4461. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 6.5. Absolute path traversal vulnerability in eFront CMS 3.6.15.4 and earlier allows remote Professor users to obtain sensitive information via a full pathname in the other parameter.
Query: secure coding against Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field
Matching passage: CWE-496 Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field. Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1419 Incorrect Initialization of Resource. The product attempts to initialize a resource but does not correctly do so, which might leave the resource in an unexpected, incorrect, or insecure state when it is accessed.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-2599
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2599. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.0. Unspecified vulnerability in the RDBMS Scheduler component in Oracle Database Server 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, and 12.1.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4606. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Job Fair (jobfair) extension before 1.0.1 for TYPO3, when using Apache with mod_mime, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in the extension upload folder.
Query: detection engineering for Hidden Files and Directories
Matching passage: T1564.001 Hidden Files and Directories. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches (<code>dir /a</code> for Windows and <code>ls –a</code> for Linux and macOS). On Linux and Mac, users can mark specific files as hidden simply by putting a “.” as the first character in the file or folder name (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). Files and folders that start with a period, ‘.’, are by default hidden from being viewed in the Finder application and standard command-line utilities like “ls”. Users must specifically change settings to have these files viewable. Files on macOS can also be marked with the UF_HIDDEN flag which prevents them from being seen in Finder.app, but still allows them to be seen in Terminal.app (Citation: WireLurker). On Windows, users can mark specific files as hidden by using the attrib.exe binary. Many applications create these hidden files and folders to store information so that it doesn’t clutter up the user’s workspace. For example, SSH utilities create a .ssh folder that’s hidden and contains the user’s known hosts and keys. Additionally, adversaries may name files in a manner that would allow the file to be hidden such as naming a file only a “space” character. Adversaries can use this to their advantage to hide files and folders anywhere on the system and evading a typical user or system analysis that does not incorporate investigation of hidden files.
Near-miss passage: T1564.004 NTFS File Attributes. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) Adversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-6270
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6270. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Cisco IOS XE before 2.2.3 on ASR 1000 devices allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Embedded Services Processor crash) via a crafted IPv6 packet, aka Bug ID CSCsv98555.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5262. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. http/conn/ssl/SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java in Apache HttpComponents HttpClient before 4.3.6 ignores the http.socket.timeout configuration setting during an SSL handshake, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (HTTPS call hang) via unspecified vectors.
Query: detection rule: Detects application popup reporting a failure of the Sysmon service
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects application popup reporting a failure of the Sysmon service. Logsource: windows / system. Rule: title: Sysmon Application Crashed id: 4d7f1827-1637-4def-8d8a-fd254f9454df status: test description: Detects application popup reporting a failure of the Sysmon service references: - https://github.com/nasbench/EVTX-ETW-Resources/blob/f1b010ce0ee1b71e3024180de1a3e67f99701fe4/ETWProvidersManifests/Windows10/1803/W10_1803_Pro_19700101_17134.1/WEPExplorer/Application%20Popup.xml#L36 author: Tim Shelton date: 2022-04-26 modified: 2024-01-17 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: product: windows service: system detection: selection: Provider_Name: Application Popup EventID: 26 Caption: - sysmon64.exe - Application Error - sysmon.exe - Application Error condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects deletion of the RunMRU registry key, which stores the history of commands executed via the Run dialog. In the cl. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: RunMRU Registry Key Deletion id: c11aecef-9c37-45a6-9c07-bc0782f963fd related: - id: 3a9b8c1e-5b2e-4f7a-9d1c-2a7f3b6e1c55 type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects deletion of the RunMRU registry key, which stores the history of commands executed via the Run dialog. In the clickfix techniques, the phishing lures instruct users to open a run dialog through (Win + R) and execute malicious commands. Adversaries may delete this key to cover their tracks after executing commands. ' references: - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/coldriver-updates-arsenal-baitswitch-and-simplefix author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-09-25 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1070.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \reg.exe - OriginalFileName: reg.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' del' - \Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: exploit Multiple buffer overflows in contrib/pgcrypto in PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1 allow remote authent
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0243. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Multiple buffer overflows in contrib/pgcrypto in PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1 allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10123. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. An unautheticated remote attacker could send specifically crafted packets to a affected device. If an authenticated user then views that data in a specific page of the web-based management a buffer overflow will be triggered to gain full access of the device.
Query: adversary uses Cloud Instance Metadata API
Matching passage: T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data. Most cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API) A cloud metadata API has been used in at least one high profile compromise.(Citation: Krebs Capital One August 2019) If adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, adversaries may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows them to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018) The de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at <code>http[:]//169.254.169.254</code>.
Near-miss passage: T1552.008 Chat Messages. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services that support user communication. Users may share various forms of credentials (such as usernames and passwords, API keys, or authentication tokens) on private or public corporate internal communications channels. Rather than accessing the stored chat logs (i.e., [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001)), adversaries may directly access credentials within these services on the user endpoint, through servers hosting the services, or through administrator portals for cloud hosted services. Adversaries may also compromise integration tools like Slack Workflows to automatically search through messages to extract user credentials. These credentials may then be abused to perform follow-on activities such as lateral movement or privilege escalation (Citation: Slack Security Risks).
Query: Lateral movement indicators for Log Enumeration
Matching passage: T1654 Log Enumeration. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518)), or hosts within a compromised network ([Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018)). Host binaries may be leveraged to collect system logs. Examples include using `wevtutil.exe` or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) on Windows to access and/or export security event information.(Citation: WithSecure Lazarus-NoPineapple Threat Intel Report 2023)(Citation: Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor) In cloud environments, adversaries may leverage utilities such as the Azure VM Agent’s `CollectGuestLogs.exe` to collect security logs from cloud hosted infrastructure.(Citation: SIM Swapping and Abuse of the Microsoft Azure Serial Console) Adversaries may also target centralized logging infrastructure such as SIEMs. Logs may also be bulk exported and sent to adversary-controlled infrastructure for offline analysis. In addition to gaining a better understanding of the environment, adversaries may also monitor logs in real time to track incident response procedures. This may allow them to adjust their techniques in order to maintain persistence or evade defenses.(Citation: Permiso GUI-Vil 2023)
Near-miss passage: T1482 Domain Trust Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)
Query: explain CWE-341
Matching passage: CWE-341 Predictable from Observable State. A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.
Near-miss passage: CWE-512 Spyware. The product collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the product accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the product.