alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Threat Intel Vendors
Matching passage: T1597.001 Threat Intel Vendors. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. If a threat actor is searching for information on their own activities, that falls under [Search Threat Vendor Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681). Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: risk of Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Twisted in Wiki Server in Apple OS X Server before 5.0.3 allow attackers to have an unknown impact via an XML document.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5911. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 10.0. Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Twisted in Wiki Server in Apple OS X Server before 5.0.3 allow attackers to have an unknown impact via an XML document.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6036. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 7.5. QNAP Signage Station before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, and consequently upload files, via a spoofed HTTP request.
Query: detection rule: Detects PAExec default named pipe
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PAExec default named pipe. Logsource: windows / pipe_created. Rule: title: PUA - PAExec Default Named Pipe id: f6451de4-df0a-41fa-8d72-b39f54a08db5 status: test description: Detects PAExec default named pipe references: - https://github.com/microsoft/Microsoft-365-Defender-Hunting-Queries/blob/efa17a600b43c897b4b7463cc8541daa1987eeb4/Command%20and%20Control/C2-NamedPipe.md - https://github.com/poweradminllc/PAExec author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-10-26 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1569.002 logsource: category: pipe_created product: windows definition: Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575 detection: selection: PipeName|startswith: \PAExec condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the "git" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unau. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Shell Execution via Git - Linux id: 47b3bbd4-1bf7-48cc-84ab-995362aaa75a status: test description: 'Detects the use of the "git" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments. ' references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/git/#shell author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) date: 2024-09-02 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: /git ParentCommandLine|contains|all: - ' -p ' - help CommandLine|contains: - bash 0<&1 - dash 0<&1 - sh 0<&1 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: alert when Detects the presence of a loaded unsigned kernel module on the system.
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the presence of a loaded unsigned kernel module on the system.. Logsource: windows / codeintegrity-operational. Rule: title: CodeIntegrity - Unsigned Kernel Module Loaded id: 951f8d29-f2f6-48a7-859f-0673ff105e6f status: test description: Detects the presence of a loaded unsigned kernel module on the system. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-id-explanations - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/operations/event-tag-explanations - Internal Research author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-06-06 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: product: windows service: codeintegrity-operational detection: selection: EventID: 3001 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects "svchost.exe" spawning "rundll32.exe" with command arguments like "C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie". Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: WebDav Client Execution Via Rundll32.EXE id: 2dbd9d3d-9e27-42a8-b8df-f13825c6c3d5 status: test description: 'Detects "svchost.exe" spawning "rundll32.exe" with command arguments like "C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie". This could be an indicator of exfiltration or use of WebDav to launch code (hosted on a WebDav server). ' references: - https://github.com/OTRF/detection-hackathon-apt29/issues/17 - https://github.com/OTRF/ThreatHunter-Playbook/blob/2d4257f630f4c9770f78d0c1df059f891ffc3fec/docs/evals/apt29/detections/7.B.4_C10730EA-6345-4934-AA0F-B0EFCA0C4BA6.md author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-05-02 modified: 2023-09-18 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.t1048.003 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \svchost.exe selection_img: - Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe - OriginalFileName: RUNDLL32.EXE selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: C:\windows\system32\davclnt.dll,DavSetCookie condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: exploit epan/dissectors/packet-nbap.c in the NBAP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate conversation data, which allows remote attackers to c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8711. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.5. epan/dissectors/packet-nbap.c in the NBAP dissector in Wireshark 1.12.x before 1.12.9 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 does not validate conversation data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via a crafted packet.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3802. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allow local users to bypass a code-signing protection mechanism via a crafted Mach-O file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3805.
Query: campaign using Non-Standard Encoding
Matching passage: T1132.002 Non-Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding)(Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding)
Near-miss passage: T1132 Data Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.
Query: how to detect Search Closed Sources
Matching passage: T1597 Search Closed Sources. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Adversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Near-miss passage: T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets. Adversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).
Query: detection rule: Detects suspicious shell commands used in various Equation Group scripts and tools
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious shell commands used in various Equation Group scripts and tools. Logsource: linux. Rule: title: Equation Group Indicators id: 41e5c73d-9983-4b69-bd03-e13b67e9623c status: test description: Detects suspicious shell commands used in various Equation Group scripts and tools references: - https://medium.com/@shadowbrokerss/dont-forget-your-base-867d304a94b1 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-04-09 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.g0020 - attack.t1059.004 logsource: product: linux detection: keywords: - 'chown root*chmod 4777 ' - cp /bin/sh .;chown - chmod 4777 /tmp/.scsi/dev/bin/gsh - chown root:root /tmp/.scsi/dev/bin/ - chown root:root x; - /bin/telnet locip locport < /dev/console | /bin/sh - /tmp/ratload - 'ewok -t ' - 'xspy -display ' - cat > /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/80 <<END - rm -f /current/tmp/ftshell.latest - 'ghost_* -v ' - ' --wipe > /dev/null' - ping -c 2 *; grep * /proc/net/arp >/tmp/gx - iptables * OUTPUT -p tcp -d 127.0.0.1 --tcp-flags RST RST -j DROP; - '> /var/log/audit/audit.log; rm -f .' - cp /var/log/audit/audit.log .tmp - sh >/dev/tcp/* <&1 2>&1 - ncat -vv -l -p * < - nc -vv -l -p * < - < /dev/console | uudecode && uncompress - sendmail -osendmail;chmod +x sendmail - /usr/bin/wget -O /tmp/a http* && chmod 755 /tmp/cron - chmod 666 /var/run/utmp~ - chmod 700 nscd crond - cp /etc/shadow /tmp/. - </dev/console |uudecode > /dev/null 2>&1 && uncompress - chmod 700 jp&&netstat -an|grep - uudecode > /dev/null 2>&1 && uncompress -f * && chmod 755 - chmod 700 crond - wget http*; chmod +x /tmp/sendmail - chmod 700 fp sendmail pt - chmod 755 /usr/vmsys/bin/pipe - chmod -R 755 /usr/vmsys - chmod 755 $opbin/*tunnel - chmod 700 sendmail - chmod 0700 sendmail - /usr/bin/wget http*sendmail;chmod +x sendmail; - '&& telnet * 2>&1 </dev/console' condition: keywords falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via Stdin in Scripts. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Invoke-Obfuscation Via Stdin - Security id: 80b708f3-d034-40e4-a6c8-d23b7a7db3d1 related: - id: 487c7524-f892-4054-b263-8a0ace63fc25 type: derived status: test description: Detects Obfuscated Powershell via Stdin in Scripts references: - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/1009 author: Nikita Nazarov, oscd.community date: 2020-10-12 modified: 2022-11-29 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1027 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows service: security definition: The 'System Security Extension' audit subcategory need to be enabled to log the EID 4697 detection: selection: EventID: 4697 ServiceFileName|contains|all: - set - '&&' ServiceFileName|contains: - environment - invoke - ${input) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-7730
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7730. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. SAP BusinessObjects BI Platform 4.1, BusinessObjects Edge 4.0, and BusinessObjects XI (BOXI) 3.1 R3 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and listener crash) via a crafted GIOP packet, aka SAP Security Note 2001108.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9181. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Automobile, Snapdragon Mobile, and Snapdragon Wear MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 820A, and SD 835, in a crypto API function, a buffer over-read can occur.
Query: vulnerability: The cp-contact-form-with-paypal (aka CP Contact Form with PayPal) plugin before 1.1.6 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS, related to cp_contactformpp.php and cp_contactformp
Matching passage: CVE-2015-9233. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. The cp-contact-form-with-paypal (aka CP Contact Form with PayPal) plugin before 1.1.6 for WordPress has CSRF with resultant XSS, related to cp_contactformpp.php and cp_contactformpp_admin_int_list.inc.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10081. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. A vulnerability was found in arnoldle submitByMailPlugin 1.0b2.9 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file edit_list.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0b2.9a is able to address this issue. The patch is named a739f680a1623d22f52ff1371e86ca472e63756f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221495.
Query: campaign using Transport Agent
Matching passage: T1505.002 Transport Agent. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. Adversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary.
Near-miss passage: T1505.003 Web Shell. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.(Citation: volexity_0day_sophos_FW) In addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (e.g. [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013)
Query: actor TTPs: Virtual Private Server
Matching passage: T1584.003 Virtual Private Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig) Compromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.
Near-miss passage: T1584.008 Network Devices. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party network devices that can be used during targeting. Network devices, such as small office/home office (SOHO) routers, may be compromised where the adversary's ultimate goal is not [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) to that environment, but rather to leverage these devices to support additional targeting. Once an adversary has control, compromised network devices can be used to launch additional operations, such as hosting payloads for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns (i.e., [Link Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005)) or enabling the required access to execute [Content Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1659) operations. Adversaries may also be able to harvest reusable credentials (i.e., [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)) from compromised network devices. Adversaries often target Internet-facing edge devices and related network appliances that specifically do not support robust host-based defenses.(Citation: Mandiant Fortinet Zero Day)(Citation: Wired Russia Cyberwar) Compromised network devices may be used to support subsequent [Command and Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011) activity, such as [Hide Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665) through an established [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Botnet](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005) network.(Citation: Justice GRU 2024)
Query: containment actions for Suspicious System Checks execution detected on endpoint
Matching passage: Playbook for T1497.001 System Checks. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1497.001. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: stealth, discovery. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1497.002 User Activity Based Checks. Different response path focused on stealth, discovery.
Query: risk of Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Kallithea before 0.2.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0276. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 8.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Kallithea before 0.2.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3370. CWE: CWE-352. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Node Invite module before 6.x-2.5 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users with the "node_invite_can_manage_invite" permission for requests that re-enable node invitations via unspecified vectors.