alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: stealth using Encrypted/Encoded File
Matching passage: T1027.013 Encrypted/Encoded File. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may encrypt or encode files to obfuscate strings, bytes, and other specific patterns to impede detection. Encrypting and/or encoding file content aims to conceal malicious artifacts within a file used in an intrusion. Many other techniques, such as [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002), [Steganography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003), and [Embedded Payloads](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/009), share this same broad objective. Encrypting and/or encoding files could lead to a lapse in detection of static signatures, only for this malicious content to be revealed (i.e., [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140)) at the time of execution/use. This type of file obfuscation can be applied to many file artifacts present on victim hosts, such as malware log/configuration and payload files.(Citation: File obfuscation) Files can be encrypted with a hardcoded or user-supplied key, as well as otherwise obfuscated using standard encoding schemes such as Base64. The entire content of a file may be obfuscated, or just specific functions or values (such as C2 addresses). Encryption and encoding may also be applied in redundant layers for additional protection. For example, adversaries may abuse password-protected Word documents or self-extracting (SFX) archives as a method of encrypting/encoding a file such as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) payload. These files typically function by attaching the intended archived content to a decompressor stub that is executed when the file is invoked (e.g., [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204)).(Citation: SFX - Encrypted/Encoded File) Adversaries may also abuse file-specific as well as custom encoding schemes. For example, Byte Order Mark (BOM) headers in text files may be abused to manipulate and obfuscate file content until [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techn
Near-miss passage: T1027.003 Steganography. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files. [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) By the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)
Query: Outbound C2 pattern associated with Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium
Matching passage: T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access or proximity, and the connection might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Near-miss passage: T1011.001 Exfiltration Over Bluetooth. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and proximity. Bluetooth connections might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Query: describe CVE-2015-7791
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7791. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 6.300000190734863. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in admin.php in the Collne Welcart plugin before 1.5.3 for WordPress allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) search[column] or (2) switch parameter.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7517. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the Double Opt-In for Download plugin before 2.0.9 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the ver parameter to (1) class-doifd-download.php or (2) class-doifd-landing-page.php in public/includes/.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2384
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2384. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2383 and CVE-2015-2425.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6993. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. FontParser in Apple iOS before 9.1 and OS X before 10.11.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted font file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-6976, CVE-2015-6977, CVE-2015-6978, CVE-2015-6990, CVE-2015-6991, CVE-2015-7008, CVE-2015-7009, CVE-2015-7010, and CVE-2015-7018.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-4824
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4824. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.4 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors related to Security.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2646. CWE: UNKNOWN. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Unspecified vulnerability in the Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database component in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control EM Base Platform: 11.1.0.1; EM Plugin for DB: 12.1.0.5, 12.1.0.6, 12.1.0.7; EM DB Control: 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, and 11.2.0.4 allows remote attackers to affect integrity via unknown vectors related to Content Management.
Query: detect Detects execution of "curl.exe" with the "file://" protocol handler in order to read local files. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "curl.exe" with the "file://" protocol handler in order to read local files.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Local File Read Using Curl.EXE id: aa6f6ea6-0676-40dd-b510-6e46f02d8867 status: test description: Detects execution of "curl.exe" with the "file://" protocol handler in order to read local files. references: - https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-07-27 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \curl.exe - OriginalFileName: curl.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: file:/// condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_curl_local_file_read/info.yml
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects VB DLL's loaded by an office application. Which could indicate the presence of VBA Macros.. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: VBA DLL Loaded Via Office Application id: e6ce8457-68b1-485b-9bdd-3c2b5d679aa9 status: test description: Detects VB DLL's loaded by an office application. Which could indicate the presence of VBA Macros. references: - https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-adversary-tradecraft-with-image-load-event-logging-and-eql-8de93338c16 author: Antonlovesdnb date: 2020-02-19 modified: 2023-02-10 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1204.002 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \excel.exe - \mspub.exe - \onenote.exe - \onenoteim.exe - \outlook.exe - \powerpnt.exe - \winword.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: - \VBE7.DLL - \VBEUI.DLL - \VBE7INTL.DLL condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate macro usage. Add the appropriate filter according to your environment level: high
Query: risk of In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the validation of filesystem access was insufficient.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0574. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, the validation of filesystem access was insufficient.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1492. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 8.5. Untrusted search path vulnerability in the client in Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in a client install package.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-3717
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3717. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple buffer overflows in the printf functionality in SQLite, as used in Apple iOS before 8.4 and OS X before 10.10.4, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-6692. CWE: CWE-120. CVSS: 5.0. Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.16 and 11.x before 11.0.13, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30094, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.009.20069 on Windows and OS X allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Query: rule covering Detects successful logon attempts performed with WMI
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects successful logon attempts performed with WMI. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: Successful Account Login Via WMI id: 5af54681-df95-4c26-854f-2565e13cfab0 status: stable description: Detects successful logon attempts performed with WMI references: - Internal Research author: Thomas Patzke date: 2019-12-04 modified: 2024-01-17 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1047 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: 4624 ProcessName|endswith: \WmiPrvSE.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Monitoring tools - Legitimate system administration level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious process patterns found in logs when CrackMapExec is used. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - CrackMapExec Process Patterns id: f26307d8-14cd-47e3-a26b-4b4769f24af6 status: test description: Detects suspicious process patterns found in logs when CrackMapExec is used references: - https://mpgn.gitbook.io/crackmapexec/smb-protocol/obtaining-credentials/dump-lsass author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-03-12 modified: 2023-02-13 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 logsource: product: windows category: process_creation detection: selection_lsass_dump1: CommandLine|contains|all: - 'tasklist /fi ' - Imagename eq lsass.exe CommandLine|contains: - 'cmd.exe /c ' - 'cmd.exe /r ' - 'cmd.exe /k ' - 'cmd /c ' - 'cmd /r ' - 'cmd /k ' User|contains: - AUTHORI - AUTORI selection_lsass_dump2: CommandLine|contains|all: - do rundll32.exe C:\windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump - \Windows\Temp\ - ' full' - '%%B' selection_procdump: CommandLine|contains|all: - tasklist /v /fo csv - findstr /i "lsass" condition: 1 of selection* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: secure coding against Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication
Matching passage: CWE-836 Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication. The product records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1351 Improper Handling of Hardware Behavior in Exceptionally Cold Environments. A hardware device, or the firmware running on it, is missing or has incorrect protection features to maintain goals of security primitives when the device is cooled below standard operating temperatures.
Query: exploit Heap-based buffer overflow in Google Chrome before M40 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (unpaged memory write and process crash) via a crafted MP4 file.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1206. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 5.5. Heap-based buffer overflow in Google Chrome before M40 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (unpaged memory write and process crash) via a crafted MP4 file.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5545. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.232 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.508 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 18.0.0.199, Adobe AIR SDK before 18.0.0.199, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 18.0.0.199 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-5544, CVE-2015-5546, CVE-2015-5547, CVE-2015-5548, CVE-2015-5549, CVE-2015-5552, and CVE-2015-5553.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5444
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5444. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in HP Smart Profile Server Data Analytics Layer (SPS DAL) 2.3 before 2.3.5 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9468. CWE: CWE-79. CVSS: 6.099999904632568. The broken-link-manager plugin 0.4.5 for WordPress has XSS via the page parameter in a delURL action.
Query: describe CVE-2015-8466
Matching passage: CVE-2015-8466. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. Swift3 before 1.9 allows remote attackers to conduct replay attacks via an Authorization request that lacks a Date header.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7691. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 7.5. The crypto_xmit function in ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via crafted packets containing particular autokey operations. NOTE: This vulnerability exists due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-9750.
Query: SOC alert related to Relocate Malware
Matching passage: T1070.010 Relocate Malware. Tactics: stealth. Description: Once a payload is delivered, adversaries may reproduce copies of the same malware on the victim system to remove evidence of their presence and/or avoid defenses. Copying malware payloads to new locations may also be combined with [File Deletion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004) to cleanup older artifacts. Relocating malware may be a part of many actions intended to evade defenses. For example, adversaries may copy and rename payloads to better blend into the local environment (i.e., [Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005)).(Citation: DFIR Report Trickbot June 2023) Payloads may also be repositioned to target [File/Path Exclusions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/012) as well as specific locations associated with establishing [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003).(Citation: Latrodectus APR 2024) Relocating malicious payloads may also hinder defensive analysis, especially to separate these payloads from earlier events (such as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) and [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)) that may have generated alerts or otherwise drawn attention from defenders. Moving payloads into target directories does not alter the Creation timestamp, thereby evading detection logic reliant on modifications to this artifact (i.e., [Timestomp](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006)).
Near-miss passage: T1070.005 Network Share Connection Removal. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\system\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)
Query: Encoded PowerShell / command-line abuse matching Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium
Matching passage: T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access or proximity, and the connection might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Near-miss passage: T1011.001 Exfiltration Over Bluetooth. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel. Adversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and proximity. Bluetooth connections might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.
Query: what is T1567.003
Matching passage: T1567.003 Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information. Text storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2 communication (e.g., [Stage Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608)), but adversaries may also use these sites to exfiltrate collected data. Furthermore, paid features and encryption options may allow adversaries to conceal and store data more securely.(Citation: Pastebin EchoSec) **Note:** This is distinct from [Exfiltration to Code Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001), which highlight access to code repositories via APIs.
Near-miss passage: T1567.001 Exfiltration to Code Repository. Tactics: exfiltration. Description: Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection. Exfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-6412
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6412. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Cisco Modular Encoding Platform D9036 Software before 02.04.70 has hardcoded (1) root and (2) guest passwords, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via an SSH session, aka Bug ID CSCut88070.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-9240. CWE: CWE-255. CVSS: 7.5. Due to a bug in the the default sign in functionality in the keystone node module before 0.3.16, incomplete email addresses could be matched. A correct password is still required to complete sign in.
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-1848
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1848. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. The pcs daemon (pcsd) in PCS 0.9.137 and earlier does not set the secure flag for a cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session. NOTE: this issue was SPLIT per ADT2 due to different vulnerability types. CVE-2015-3983 is for the issue with not setting the HTTPOnly flag.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5039. CWE: CWE-310. CVSS: 7.400000095367432. The Remote Client and change management integrations in IBM Rational ClearCase 7.1.x, 8.0.0.x before 8.0.0.18, and 8.0.1.x before 8.0.1.11 do not properly validate hostnames in X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows remote attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information or modify network traffic via a crafted certificate. IBM X-Force ID: 106715.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-1105
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1105. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. The TCP implementation in the kernel in Apple iOS before 8.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.3, and Apple TV before 7.2 does not properly implement the Urgent (aka out-of-band data) mechanism, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted packets.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2463. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, Office 2007 SP3 and 2010 SP2, Live Meeting 2007 Console, Lync 2010, Lync 2010 Attendee, Lync 2013 SP1, Lync Basic 2013 SP1, Silverlight before 5.1.40728, and .NET Framework 3.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.6 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, aka "TrueType Font Parsing Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2464.
Query: exploit Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) X8.6 uses the same encryption key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for local users to defeat cry
Matching passage: CVE-2015-6414. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) X8.6 uses the same encryption key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for local users to defeat cryptographic protection mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of a key from another installation, aka Bug ID CSCuw64516.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0094. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 do not properly restrict the availability of address information during a function call, which makes it easier for local users to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Windows Kernel Memory Disclosure Vulnerability."
Query: patch priority for CVE-2015-7084
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7084. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.199999809265137. The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7083.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-7177. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.5. The InitTextures function in Mozilla Firefox before 41.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.3 might allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.