alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: PUA - Netcat Suspicious Execution id: e31033fc-33f0-4020-9a16-faf9b31cbf08 status: test description: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network references: - https://nmap.org/ncat/ - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1095/T1095.md - https://www.revshells.com/ author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-07-21 modified: 2023-02-08 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1095 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: - \nc.exe - \ncat.exe - \netcat.exe selection_cmdline: CommandLine|contains: - ' -lvp ' - ' -lvnp' - ' -l -v -p ' - ' -lv -p ' - ' -l --proxy-type http ' - ' -vnl --exec ' - ' -vnl -e ' - ' --lua-exec ' - ' --sh-exec ' condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate ncat use level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects network connections via finger.exe, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for executi. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated via Finger.EXE id: 2fdaf50b-9fd5-449f-ba69-f17248119af6 related: - id: c082c2b0-525b-4dbc-9a26-a57dc4692074 type: similar - id: af491bca-e752-4b44-9c86-df5680533dbc type: similar status: experimental description: 'Detects network connections via finger.exe, which can be abused by threat actors to retrieve remote commands for execution on Windows devices. In one ClickFix malware campaign, adversaries leveraged the finger protocol to fetch commands from a remote server. Since the finger utility is not commonly used in modern Windows environments, its presence already raises suspicion. Investigating such network connections can also help identify potential malicious infrastructure used by threat actors ' references: - https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/decades-old-finger-protocol-abused-in-clickfix-malware-attacks/ author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-11-19 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1071.004 - attack.execution - attack.t1059.003 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' Image|endswith: \finger.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Query: detection rule: Detects PowerShell script execution via input stream redirect
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects PowerShell script execution via input stream redirect. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Run PowerShell Script from Redirected Input Stream id: c83bf4b5-cdf0-437c-90fa-43d734f7c476 status: test description: Detects PowerShell script execution via input stream redirect references: - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/4db780e0f0b2e2bb8cb1fa13e09196da9b9f1834/yml/LOLUtilz/OSBinaries/Powershell.yml - https://twitter.com/Moriarty_Meng/status/984380793383370752 author: Moriarty Meng (idea), Anton Kutepov (rule), oscd.community date: 2020-10-17 modified: 2021-11-27 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe CommandLine|re: \s-\s*< condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of the "flock" command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, un. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Shell Execution via Flock - Linux id: 4b09c71e-4269-4111-9cdd-107d8867f0cc status: test description: 'Detects the use of the "flock" command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments. ' references: - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/flock/#shell - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) date: 2024-09-02 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1083 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /flock CommandLine|contains: ' -u ' selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - /bin/bash - /bin/dash - /bin/fish - /bin/sh - /bin/zsh condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: alert when Detects suspicious shell spawn from Java utility keytool process (e.g. adselfservice plus exploitation)
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious shell spawn from Java utility keytool process (e.g. adselfservice plus exploitation). Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Suspicious Shells Spawn by Java Utility Keytool id: 90fb5e62-ca1f-4e22-b42e-cc521874c938 status: test description: Detects suspicious shell spawn from Java utility keytool process (e.g. adselfservice plus exploitation) references: - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-december-2021 - https://www.synacktiv.com/en/publications/how-to-exploit-cve-2021-40539-on-manageengine-adselfservice-plus.html author: Andreas Hunkeler (@Karneades) date: 2021-12-22 modified: 2023-01-21 tags: - attack.initial-access - attack.persistence - attack.privilege-escalation logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \keytool.exe Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \sh.exe - \bash.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \schtasks.exe - \certutil.exe - \whoami.exe - \bitsadmin.exe - \wscript.exe - \cscript.exe - \scrcons.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \hh.exe - \wmic.exe - \mshta.exe - \rundll32.exe - \forfiles.exe - \scriptrunner.exe - \mftrace.exe - \AppVLP.exe - \systeminfo.exe - \reg.exe - \query.exe condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects remote RPC calls to MS-DRSR from non DC hosts, which could indicate DCSync / DCShadow attacks.. Logsource: rpc_firewall / application. Rule: title: Possible DCSync Attack id: 56fda488-113e-4ce9-8076-afc2457922c3 status: test description: Detects remote RPC calls to MS-DRSR from non DC hosts, which could indicate DCSync / DCShadow attacks. references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-drsr/f977faaa-673e-4f66-b9bf-48c640241d47?redirectedfrom=MSDN - https://github.com/jsecurity101/MSRPC-to-ATTACK/blob/ddd4608fe8684fcf2fcf9b48c5f0b3c28097f8a3/documents/MS-DRSR.md - https://github.com/zeronetworks/rpcfirewall - https://zeronetworks.com/blog/stopping-lateral-movement-via-the-rpc-firewall/ author: Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz date: 2022-01-01 tags: - attack.t1033 - attack.discovery logsource: product: rpc_firewall category: application definition: 'Requirements: install and apply the RPC Firewall to all processes, enable DRSR UUID (e3514235-4b06-11d1-ab04-00c04fc2dcd2) for "dangerous" opcodes (not 0,1 or 12) only from trusted IPs (DCs)' detection: selection: EventLog: RPCFW EventID: 3 InterfaceUuid: e3514235-4b06-11d1-ab04-00c04fc2dcd2 filter: OpNum: - 0 - 1 - 12 condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: threat report mentioning Proc Filesystem
Matching passage: T1003.007 Proc Filesystem. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may gather credentials from the proc filesystem or `/proc`. The proc filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem used as an interface to kernel data structures for Linux based systems managing virtual memory. For each process, the `/proc/<PID>/maps` file shows how memory is mapped within the process’s virtual address space. And `/proc/<PID>/mem`, exposed for debugging purposes, provides access to the process’s virtual address space.(Citation: Picus Labs Proc cump 2022)(Citation: baeldung Linux proc map 2022) When executing with root privileges, adversaries can search these memory locations for all processes on a system that contain patterns indicative of credentials. Adversaries may use regex patterns, such as <code>grep -E "^[0-9a-f-]* r" /proc/"$pid"/maps | cut -d' ' -f 1</code>, to look for fixed strings in memory structures or cached hashes.(Citation: atomic-red proc file system) When running without privileged access, processes can still view their own virtual memory locations. Some services or programs may save credentials in clear text inside the process’s memory.(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017)(Citation: Polop Linux PrivEsc Gitbook) If running as or with the permissions of a web browser, a process can search the `/maps` & `/mem` locations for common website credential patterns (that can also be used to find adjacent memory within the same structure) in which hashes or cleartext credentials may be located.
Near-miss passage: T1003.006 DCSync. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync. Members of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) DCSync functionality has been included in the "lsadump" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)
Query: rule covering Detects the execution of whoami that has been renamed to a different name to avoid detection
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of whoami that has been renamed to a different name to avoid detection. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Renamed Whoami Execution id: f1086bf7-a0c4-4a37-9102-01e573caf4a0 status: test description: Detects the execution of whoami that has been renamed to a different name to avoid detection references: - https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1247926/agent-tesla-keylogger-delivered-inside-a-power-iso-daa-archive/ - https://app.any.run/tasks/7eaba74e-c1ea-400f-9c17-5e30eee89906/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2021-08-12 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.t1033 - car.2016-03-001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: OriginalFileName: whoami.exe filter: Image|endswith: \whoami.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: critical
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of KeyScrambler.exe. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potentially Suspicious Child Process of KeyScrambler.exe id: ca5583e9-8f80-46ac-ab91-7f314d13b984 related: - id: d2451be2-b582-4e15-8701-4196ac180260 type: similar status: test description: Detects potentially suspicious child processes of KeyScrambler.exe references: - https://twitter.com/DTCERT/status/1712785421845790799 author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel date: 2024-05-13 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.execution - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.stealth - attack.t1203 - attack.t1574.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_parent: ParentImage|endswith: \KeyScrambler.exe selection_binaries: - Image|endswith: - \cmd.exe - \cscript.exe - \mshta.exe - \powershell.exe - \pwsh.exe - \regsvr32.exe - \rundll32.exe - \wscript.exe - OriginalFileName: - Cmd.Exe - cscript.exe - mshta.exe - PowerShell.EXE - pwsh.dll - regsvr32.exe - RUNDLL32.EXE - wscript.exe condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: risk of libxpc in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a c
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3795. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. libxpc in Apple iOS before 8.4.1 and OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app that sends a malformed XPC message.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3873. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48T allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted media file, aka internal bugs 23016072, 23248776, 23247055, 22845824, 22008959, 21814993, 21048776, 20718524, 20674674, 22388975, 20674086, 21443020, and 22077698, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7716.
Query: exploit OpenGL in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7064. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. OpenGL in Apple iOS before 9.2, OS X before 10.11.2, tvOS before 9.1, and watchOS before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-7066.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1925. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. Stack-based buffer overflow in the server in IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack 6.1 before 6.1.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1924, CVE-2015-1929, CVE-2015-1930, CVE-2015-1948, CVE-2015-1953, CVE-2015-1954, CVE-2015-1962, CVE-2015-1963, CVE-2015-1964, and CVE-2015-1965.
Query: write Sigma for Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "vsan" flag in order to retrieve information about virtual storage. S
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "vsan" flag in order to retrieve information about virtual storage. S. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: ESXi VSAN Information Discovery Via ESXCLI id: d54c2f06-aca9-4e2b-81c9-5317858f4b79 status: test description: Detects execution of the "esxcli" command with the "vsan" flag in order to retrieve information about virtual storage. Seen used by malware such as DarkSide. references: - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/e/darkside-linux-vms-targeted.html - https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/a/analysis-and-Impact-of-lockbit-ransomwares-first-linux-and-vmware-esxi-variant.html - https://developer.broadcom.com/xapis/esxcli-command-reference/7.0.0/namespace/esxcli_vsan.html author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Cedric Maurugeon date: 2023-09-04 tags: - attack.discovery - attack.execution - attack.t1033 - attack.t1007 - attack.t1059.012 logsource: category: process_creation product: linux detection: selection_img: Image|endswith: /esxcli CommandLine|contains: vsan selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' get' - ' list' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate administration activities level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects an unexpected file being modified by dns.exe which my indicate activity related to remote code execution or othe. Logsource: windows / file_change. Rule: title: Unusual File Modification by dns.exe id: 9f383dc0-fdeb-4d56-acbc-9f9f4f8f20f3 related: - id: 8f0b1fb1-9bd4-4e74-8cdf-a8de4d2adfd0 type: similar status: test description: Detects an unexpected file being modified by dns.exe which my indicate activity related to remote code execution or other forms of exploitation as seen in CVE-2020-1350 (SigRed) references: - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/unusual-file-modification-by-dns-exe.html author: Tim Rauch (Nextron Systems), Elastic (idea) date: 2022-09-27 tags: - attack.persistence - attack.initial-access - attack.t1133 logsource: category: file_change product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \dns.exe filter: TargetFilename|endswith: \dns.log condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / network_connection
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects network connections to Cloudflared tunnels domains initiated by a process on the system. Attackers can abuse tha. Logsource: windows / network_connection. Rule: title: Network Connection Initiated To Cloudflared Tunnels Domains id: 7cd1dcdc-6edf-4896-86dc-d1f19ad64903 related: - id: a1d9eec5-33b2-4177-8d24-27fe754d0812 type: derived status: test description: 'Detects network connections to Cloudflared tunnels domains initiated by a process on the system. Attackers can abuse that feature to establish a reverse shell or persistence on a machine. ' references: - https://defr0ggy.github.io/research/Abusing-Cloudflared-A-Proxy-Service-To-Host-Share-Applications/ - https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/blog/tunnel-vision-cloudflared-abused-in-the-wild/ - Internal Research author: Kamran Saifullah, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2024-05-27 tags: - attack.exfiltration - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1567 - attack.t1572 logsource: category: network_connection product: windows detection: selection: Initiated: 'true' DestinationHostname|endswith: - .v2.argotunnel.com - protocol-v2.argotunnel.com - trycloudflare.com - update.argotunnel.com condition: selection falsepositives: - Legitimate use of cloudflare tunnels will also trigger this. level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the creation or modification of files within the "sudoers.d" directory on Linux systems. Such activity may indic. Logsource: linux / file_event. Rule: title: Persistence Via Sudoers.d Files id: ddb26b76-4447-4807-871f-1b035b2bfa5d status: test description: 'Detects the creation or modification of files within the "sudoers.d" directory on Linux systems. Such activity may indicate an attempt to establish or maintain privilege escalation by granting specific users elevated permissions. Unauthorized changes to sudoers files are a common technique used by attackers to persist administrative access. ' references: - https://github.com/h3xduck/TripleCross/blob/1f1c3e0958af8ad9f6ebe10ab442e75de33e91de/apps/deployer.sh author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-07-05 modified: 2026-03-18 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1548.003 logsource: product: linux category: file_event detection: selection: TargetFilename|startswith: /etc/sudoers.d/ filter_main_dpkg: Image|endswith: /usr/bin/dpkg TargetFilename: /etc/sudoers.d/README.dpkg-new condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Creation of legitimate files in sudoers.d folder as part of administrator work level: medium
Query: alert when Detects usage of Gpg4win to encrypt files
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects usage of Gpg4win to encrypt files. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: File Encryption Using Gpg4win id: 550bbb84-ce5d-4e61-84ad-e590f0024dcd status: test description: Detects usage of Gpg4win to encrypt files references: - https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2022/11/batloader-the-evasive-downloader-malware.html - https://www.gpg4win.de/documentation.html - https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2022/01/19/zloader-installs-remote-access-backdoors-and-delivers-cobalt-strike/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-09 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_metadata: - Image|endswith: - \gpg.exe - \gpg2.exe - Description: GnuPG’s OpenPGP tool selection_cli: CommandLine|contains|all: - ' -c ' - passphrase condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them.. Logsource: windows / ps_script. Rule: title: Powershell Keylogging id: 34f90d3c-c297-49e9-b26d-911b05a4866c status: test description: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1218/T1218.md - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1056.001/src/Get-Keystrokes.ps1 author: frack113 date: 2021-07-30 modified: 2022-07-11 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.collection - attack.t1056.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_script definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled' detection: selection_basic: ScriptBlockText|contains: Get-Keystrokes selection_high: ScriptBlockText|contains|all: - Get-ProcAddress user32.dll GetAsyncKeyState - Get-ProcAddress user32.dll GetForegroundWindow condition: 1 of selection_* falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-1766
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1766. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1735, CVE-2015-1740, CVE-2015-1744, and CVE-2015-1745.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-1068. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.2.4, 7.x before 7.1.4, and 8.x before 8.0.4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2015-03-17-1.
Query: secure coding against The UI Performs the Wrong Action
Matching passage: CWE-449 The UI Performs the Wrong Action. The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1007 Insufficient Visual Distinction of Homoglyphs Presented to User. The product displays information or identifiers to a user, but the display mechanism does not make it easy for the user to distinguish between visually similar or identical glyphs (homoglyphs), which may cause the user to misinterpret a glyph and perform an unintended, insecure action.