alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: CWE for Generation of Incorrect Security Tokens
Matching passage: CWE-1270 Generation of Incorrect Security Tokens. The product implements a Security Token mechanism to differentiate what actions are allowed or disallowed when a transaction originates from an entity. However, the Security Tokens generated in the system are incorrect.
Near-miss passage: CWE-493 Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier. The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple hardcoded credentials in Xsuite 2.x.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4667. CWE: CWE-798. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Multiple hardcoded credentials in Xsuite 2.x.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2881. CWE: CWE-798. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Gynoii has a password of guest for the backdoor guest account and a password of 12345 for the backdoor admin account.
Query: Multiple failed authentications followed by Tool
Matching passage: T1588.002 Tool. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. Tools may also be leveraged for testing – for example, evaluating malware against commercial antivirus or endpoint detection and response (EDR) applications.(Citation: Forescout Conti Leaks 2022)(Citation: Sentinel Labs Top Tier Target 2025) Tool acquisition may involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as Cobalt Strike. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries). Threat actors may also crack trial versions of software.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)
Near-miss passage: T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043), creating basic scripts, assisting social engineering, and even developing payloads.(Citation: MSFT-AI) For example, by utilizing a publicly available LLM an adversary is essentially outsourcing or automating certain tasks to the tool. Using AI, the adversary may draft and generate content in a variety of written languages to be used in [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)/[Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) campaigns. The same publicly available tool may further enable vulnerability or other offensive research supporting [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587). AI tools may also automate technical tasks by generating, refining, or otherwise enhancing (e.g., [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027)) malicious scripts and payloads.(Citation: OpenAI-CTI) Finally, AI-generated text, images, audio, and video may be used for fraud, [Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001), and other malicious activities.(Citation: Google-Vishing24)(Citation: IC3-AI24)(Citation: WSJ-Vishing-AI24)
Query: explain CWE-25
Matching passage: CWE-25 Path Traversal: '/../filedir'. The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize /../ sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Near-miss passage: CWE-105 Struts: Form Field Without Validator. The product has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
Query: vulnerability: Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the ratings module in the Users Ultra plugin before 1.5.16 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the 
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4109. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the ratings module in the Users Ultra plugin before 1.5.16 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) data_target or (2) data_vote parameter in a rating_vote (wp_ajax_nopriv_rating_vote) action to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4342. CWE: CWE-89. CVSS: 7.5. SQL injection vulnerability in Cacti before 0.8.8d allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors involving a cdef id.
Query: vulnerability: Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Mem
Matching passage: CVE-2015-1626. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0056 and CVE-2015-1623.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0217. CWE: CWE-399. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. filter/mediaplugin/filter.php in Moodle through 2.5.9, 2.6.x before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.4, and 2.8.x before 2.8.2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption or partial outage) via a crafted string that is matched against an improper regular expression.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-4643
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4643. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the ftp_genlist function in ext/ftp/ftp.c in PHP before 5.4.42, 5.5.x before 5.5.26, and 5.6.x before 5.6.10 allows remote FTP servers to execute arbitrary code via a long reply to a LIST command, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-4022.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-2493. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 9.300000190734863. The (1) VBScript and (2) JScript engines in Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Query: describe CVE-2015-0143
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0143. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. IBM OpenPages GRC Platform 6.2 before IF7, 6.2.1 before 6.2.1.1 IF5, 7.0 before FP4, and 7.1 before FP1 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by reading error messages.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4295. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.0. The Prime Collaboration Deployment component in Cisco Unified Communications Manager 10.5(3.10000.9) allows remote authenticated users to discover root credentials via a direct request to an unspecified URL, aka Bug ID CSCuv21819.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-0867
Matching passage: CVE-2015-0867. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 5.0. Directory traversal vulnerability in SYNCK GRAPHICA Download Log CGI 3.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted filename.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-8535. CWE: CWE-22. CVSS: 7.800000190734863. MITRE is populating this ID because it was assigned prior to Lenovo becoming a CNA. A directory traversal vulnerability was discovered (fixed and publicly disclosed in 2015) in Lenovo Solution Center (LSC) prior to version 3.3.002 that could allow a user to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges.
Query: exploit The key_gc_unused_keys function in security/keys/gc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.6 allows local users to cause a denial of service (OOPS) via crafted keyctl commands.
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7872. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 2.0999999046325684. The key_gc_unused_keys function in security/keys/gc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.2.6 allows local users to cause a denial of service (OOPS) via crafted keyctl commands.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3237. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.400000095367432. The smb_request_state function in cURL and libcurl 7.40.0 through 7.42.1 allows remote SMB servers to obtain sensitive information from memory or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via crafted length and offset values.
Query: detect Cloud Groups
Matching passage: T1069.003 Cloud Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group. With authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The <code>Get-MsolRole</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts (Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance). Azure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command <code>az ad user get-member-groups</code> will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint <code>GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups</code> lists group resources available to a user for Google.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation) In AWS, the commands `ListRolePolicies` and `ListAttachedRolePolicies` allow users to enumerate the policies attached to a role.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022) Adversaries may attempt to list ACLs for objects to determine the owner and other accounts with access to the object, for example, via the AWS <code>GetBucketAcl</code> API (Citation: AWS Get Bucket ACL). Using this information an adversary can target accounts with permissions to a given object or leverage accounts they have already compromised to access the object.
Near-miss passage: T1069.002 Domain Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators. Commands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.
Query: Sigma rule for Detects execution of shells from a parent process located in a temporary (/tmp) directory
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of shells from a parent process located in a temporary (/tmp) directory. Logsource: linux / process_creation. Rule: title: Shell Execution Of Process Located In Tmp Directory id: 2fade0b6-7423-4835-9d4f-335b39b83867 status: test description: Detects execution of shells from a parent process located in a temporary (/tmp) directory references: - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html - https://jstnk9.github.io/jstnk9/research/GobRAT-Malware/ - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk date: 2023-06-02 tags: - attack.execution logsource: product: linux category: process_creation detection: selection: ParentImage|startswith: /tmp/ Image|endswith: - /bash - /csh - /dash - /fish - /ksh - /sh - /zsh condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects suspicious PowerShell invocation command parameters. Logsource: windows / ps_module. Rule: title: Suspicious PowerShell Invocations - Generic - PowerShell Module id: bbb80e91-5746-4fbe-8898-122e2cafdbf4 related: - id: 3d304fda-78aa-43ed-975c-d740798a49c1 type: derived - id: ed965133-513f-41d9-a441-e38076a0798f type: similar status: test description: Detects suspicious PowerShell invocation command parameters references: - Internal Research author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2017-03-12 modified: 2023-01-03 tags: - attack.execution - attack.t1059.001 logsource: product: windows category: ps_module definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b detection: selection_encoded: ContextInfo|contains: - ' -enc ' - ' -EncodedCommand ' - ' -ec ' selection_hidden: ContextInfo|contains: - ' -w hidden ' - ' -window hidden ' - ' -windowstyle hidden ' - ' -w 1 ' selection_noninteractive: ContextInfo|contains: - ' -noni ' - ' -noninteractive ' condition: all of selection* falsepositives: - Very special / sneaky PowerShell scripts level: high
Query: CWE for Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication
Matching passage: CWE-836 Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication. The product records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
Near-miss passage: CWE-1300 Improper Protection of Physical Side Channels. The device does not contain sufficient protection mechanisms to prevent physical side channels from exposing sensitive information due to patterns in physically observable phenomena such as variations in power consumption, electromagnetic emissions (EME), or acoustic emissions.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-3780
Matching passage: CVE-2015-3780. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. The Bluetooth subsystem in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 allows attackers to obtain sensitive kernel memory-layout information via a crafted app.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0628. CWE: CWE-200. CVSS: 5.0. The proxy engine on Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) devices allows remote attackers to bypass intended proxying restrictions via a malformed HTTP method, aka Bug ID CSCus79174.
Query: write Sigma for Detects the execution "AccCheckConsole" a command-line tool for verifying the accessibility implementation of an applica
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution "AccCheckConsole" a command-line tool for verifying the accessibility implementation of an applica. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential DLL Injection Via AccCheckConsole id: 0f6da907-5854-4be6-859a-e9958747b0aa status: test description: 'Detects the execution "AccCheckConsole" a command-line tool for verifying the accessibility implementation of an application''s UI. One of the tests that this checker can run are called "verification routine", which tests for things like Consistency, Navigation, etc. The tool allows a user to provide a DLL that can contain a custom "verification routine". An attacker can build such DLLs and pass it via the CLI, which would then be loaded in the context of the "AccCheckConsole" utility. ' references: - https://gist.github.com/bohops/2444129419c8acf837aedda5f0e7f340 - https://twitter.com/bohops/status/1477717351017680899?s=12 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/AccCheckConsole/ author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-01-06 modified: 2024-08-29 tags: - attack.execution - detection.threat-hunting logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \AccCheckConsole.exe - OriginalFileName: AccCheckConsole.exe selection_cli: CommandLine|contains: - ' -hwnd' - ' -process ' - ' -window ' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of the UI Accessibility Checker level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects creation of "UserInitMprLogonScript" registry value which can be used as a persistence method by malicious actor. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Potential Persistence Via Logon Scripts - Registry id: 9ace0707-b560-49b8-b6ca-5148b42f39fb status: test description: Detects creation of "UserInitMprLogonScript" registry value which can be used as a persistence method by malicious actors references: - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1037.001/T1037.001.md author: Tom Ueltschi (@c_APT_ure) date: 2019-01-12 modified: 2025-10-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.t1037.001 - attack.persistence - attack.lateral-movement logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: UserInitMprLogonScript condition: selection falsepositives: - Investigate the contents of the "UserInitMprLogonScript" value to determine of the added script is legitimate level: medium regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/registry/registry_set/registry_set_persistence_logon_scripts_userinitmprlogonscript/info.yml simulation: - type: atomic-red-team name: Logon Scripts technique: T1037.001 atomic_guid: d6042746-07d4-4c92-9ad8-e644c114a231
Query: rule covering Detects when 'DllRegisterServer' is called in the commandline and the image is not rundll32. This could mean that the 'r
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects when 'DllRegisterServer' is called in the commandline and the image is not rundll32. This could mean that the 'r. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Renamed Rundll32 Execution id: 2569ed8c-1147-498a-9b8c-2ad3656b10ed related: - id: 0ba1da6d-b6ce-4366-828c-18826c9de23e type: derived status: test description: Detects when 'DllRegisterServer' is called in the commandline and the image is not rundll32. This could mean that the 'rundll32' utility has been renamed in order to avoid detection references: - https://twitter.com/swisscom_csirt/status/1331634525722521602?s=20 - https://app.any.run/tasks/f74c5157-8508-4ac6-9805-d63fe7b0d399/ author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2022-08-22 modified: 2023-02-03 tags: - attack.execution logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains: DllRegisterServer filter: Image|endswith: \rundll32.exe condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unlikely level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects a child process spawned by 'winrshost.exe', which suggests remote command execution through Windows Remote Shell. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Lateral Movement via Windows Remote Shell id: 79df3f68-dccb-48e9-9171-b75cbc37c51d status: experimental description: 'Detects a child process spawned by ''winrshost.exe'', which suggests remote command execution through Windows Remote Shell (WinRs) and may indicate potential lateral movement activity. ' references: - https://cardinalops.com/blog/living-off-winrm-abusing-complexity-in-remote-management/ - https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/lateral-movement/winrs-for-lateral-movement author: Liran Ravich date: 2025-10-22 tags: - attack.lateral-movement - attack.t1021.006 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: ParentImage|endswith: \winrshost.exe filter_main_conhost: Image: C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exe condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate use of WinRM within the organization level: medium
Query: common weakness: Empty Password in Configuration File
Matching passage: CWE-258 Empty Password in Configuration File. Using an empty string as a password is insecure.
Near-miss passage: CWE-38 Path Traversal: 'absolutepathnamehere'. The product accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('absolutepathnamehere') without appropriate validation, which can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
Query: adversary uses Hijack Execution Flow
Matching passage: T1574 Hijack Execution Flow. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution. There are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.
Near-miss passage: T1574.009 Path Interception by Unquoted Path. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch. Service paths (Citation: Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services) and shortcut paths may also be vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., <code>C:\unsafe path with space\program.exe</code> vs. <code>"C:\safe path with space\program.exe"</code>). (Citation: Help eliminate unquoted path) (stored in Windows Registry keys) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is <code>C:\program files\myapp.exe</code>, an adversary may create a program at <code>C:\program.exe</code> that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: Windows Unquoted Services) (Citation: Windows Privilege Escalation Guide) This technique can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.