alirezaaminzadeh/secembed-pairs huggingface dataset:
Query: describe CVE-2015-5372
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5372. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 5.0. The SAML 2.0 implementation in AdNovum nevisAuth 4.13.0.0 before 4.18.3.1, when using SAML POST-Binding, does not match all attributes of the X.509 certificate embedded in the assertion against the certificate from the identity provider (IdP), which allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary SAML assertions via a crafted certificate.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-10083. CWE: CWE-287. CVSS: 9.800000190734863. A vulnerability has been found in harrystech Dynosaur-Rails and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function basic_auth of the file app/controllers/application_controller.rb. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The patch is named 04b223813f0e336aab50bff140d0f5889c31dbec. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-221503.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-5102
Matching passage: CVE-2015-5102. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 10.0. Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.15 and 11.x before 11.0.12, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 2015.006.30060, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 2015.008.20082 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3095, CVE-2015-5087, CVE-2015-5094, CVE-2015-5100, CVE-2015-5103, CVE-2015-5104, and CVE-2015-5115.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-3665. CWE: CWE-119. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. QT Media Foundation in Apple QuickTime before 7.7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3664 and CVE-2015-3669.
Query: detect Detects activity when a member is removed from a security-enabled global group in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects activity when a member is removed from a security-enabled global group. Logsource: windows / security. Rule: title: A Member Was Removed From a Security-Enabled Global Group id: 02c39d30-02b5-45d2-b435-8aebfe5a8629 related: - id: 9cf01b6c-e723-4841-a868-6d7f8245ca6e type: obsolete status: stable description: Detects activity when a member is removed from a security-enabled global group references: - https://www.cisecurity.org/controls/cis-controls-list/ - https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/PCI_DSS_v3-2-1.pdf - https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4729 - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=633 author: Alexandr Yampolskyi, SOC Prime date: 2023-04-26 tags: - attack.privilege-escalation - attack.persistence - attack.t1098 logsource: product: windows service: security detection: selection: EventID: - 633 - 4729 condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: low
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the execution of msiexec.exe from an uncommon directory. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential MsiExec Masquerading id: e22a6eb2-f8a5-44b5-8b44-a2dbd47b1144 status: test description: Detects the execution of msiexec.exe from an uncommon directory references: - https://twitter.com/200_okay_/status/1194765831911215104 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2019-11-14 modified: 2023-02-21 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036.005 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: - Image|endswith: \msiexec.exe - OriginalFileName: \msiexec.exe filter: Image|startswith: - C:\Windows\System32\ - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ - C:\Windows\WinSxS\ condition: selection and not filter falsepositives: - Unknown level: high
Query: rule covering Detects the use of Kali Linux through Windows Subsystem for Linux
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Kali Linux through Windows Subsystem for Linux. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: WSL Kali-Linux Usage id: 6f1a11aa-4b8a-4b7f-9e13-4d3e4ff0e0d4 status: experimental description: Detects the use of Kali Linux through Windows Subsystem for Linux references: - https://medium.com/@redfanatic7/running-kali-linux-on-windows-51ad95166e6e - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems) date: 2025-10-10 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1202 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img_appdata: - Image|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \AppData\Local\packages\KaliLinux - Image|contains|all: - :\Users\ - \AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\kali.exe selection_img_windowsapps: Image|contains: :\Program Files\WindowsApps\KaliLinux. Image|endswith: \kali.exe selection_kali_wsl_parent: ParentImage|endswith: - \wsl.exe - \wslhost.exe selection_kali_wsl_child: - Image|contains: - \kali.exe - \KaliLinux - CommandLine|contains: - Kali.exe - Kali-linux - kalilinux filter_main_install_uninstall: CommandLine|contains: - ' -i ' - ' --install ' - ' --unregister ' condition: 1 of selection_img_* or all of selection_kali_* and not 1 of filter_main_* falsepositives: - Legitimate installation or usage of Kali Linux WSL by administrators or security teams level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects the use of Replace.exe which can be used to replace file with another file. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Replace.exe Usage id: 9292293b-8496-4715-9db6-37028dcda4b3 status: test description: Detects the use of Replace.exe which can be used to replace file with another file references: - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Replace/ - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/replace author: frack113 date: 2022-03-06 modified: 2024-03-13 tags: - attack.command-and-control - attack.t1105 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \replace.exe argument: CommandLine|contains|windash: -a condition: selection and argument falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Query: Sigma YAML for windows / process_creation
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects potential credential harvesting attempts through LSASS memory dumps using ProcDump. This rule identifies suspici. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential LSASS Process Dump Via Procdump id: 5afee48e-67dd-4e03-a783-f74259dcf998 status: stable description: 'Detects potential credential harvesting attempts through LSASS memory dumps using ProcDump. This rule identifies suspicious command-line patterns that combine memory dump flags (-ma, -mm, -mp) with LSASS-related process markers. LSASS (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) contains sensitive authentication data including plaintext passwords, NTLM hashes, and Kerberos tickets in memory. Attackers commonly dump LSASS memory to extract credentials for lateral movement and privilege escalation. ' references: - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/procdump - https://research.splunk.com/endpoint/3742ebfe-64c2-11eb-ae93-0242ac130002 - https://x.com/wietze/status/1958302556033065292?s=12 author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) date: 2018-10-30 modified: 2025-10-19 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1036 - attack.credential-access - attack.t1003.001 - car.2013-05-009 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_flags: CommandLine|contains|windash: - ' -ma ' - ' -mm ' - ' -mp ' selection_process: CommandLine|contains: - ' ls' - ' keyiso' - ' samss' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Unlikely, because no one should dump an lsass process memory - Another tool that uses command line flags similar to ProcDump level: high
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: HackTool - Hydra Password Bruteforce Execution id: aaafa146-074c-11eb-adc1-0242ac120002 status: test description: Detects command line parameters used by Hydra password guessing hack tool references: - https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra author: Vasiliy Burov date: 2020-10-05 modified: 2023-02-04 tags: - attack.credential-access - attack.t1110 - attack.t1110.001 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection: CommandLine|contains|all: - '-u ' - '-p ' CommandLine|contains: - ^USER^ - ^PASS^ condition: selection falsepositives: - Software that uses the caret encased keywords PASS and USER in its command line level: high
Query: intelligence brief on T1056.003
Matching passage: T1056.003 Web Portal Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service. This variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)
Near-miss passage: T1056.002 GUI Input Capture. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)). Adversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) On Linux systems adversaries may launch dialog boxes prompting users for credentials from malicious shell scripts or the command line (i.e. [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)).(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) Adversaries may also mimic common software authentication requests, such as those from browsers or email clients. This may also be paired with user activity monitoring (i.e., [Browser Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217) and/or [Application Window Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010)) to spoof prompts when users are naturally accessing sensitive sites/data.
Query: explain T1136.003 Cloud Account
Matching passage: T1136.003 Cloud Account. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: AWS Create IAM User)(Citation: GCP Create Cloud Identity Users)(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Users) In addition to user accounts, cloud accounts may be associated with services. Cloud providers handle the concept of service accounts in different ways. In Azure, service accounts include service principals and managed identities, which can be linked to various resources such as OAuth applications, serverless functions, and virtual machines in order to grant those resources permissions to perform various activities in the environment.(Citation: Microsoft Entra ID Service Principals) In GCP, service accounts can also be linked to specific resources, as well as be impersonated by other accounts for [Temporary Elevated Cloud Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/005).(Citation: GCP Service Accounts) While AWS has no specific concept of service accounts, resources can be directly granted permission to assume roles.(Citation: AWS Instance Profiles)(Citation: AWS Lambda Execution Role) Adversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific cloud services, which can reduce the chance of detection. Once an adversary has created a cloud account, they can then manipulate that account to ensure persistence and allow access to additional resources - for example, by adding [Additional Cloud Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001) or assigning [Additional Cloud Roles](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003).
Near-miss passage: T1136.002 Domain Account. Tactics: persistence. Description: Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and service accounts. With a sufficient level of access, the <code>net user /add /domain</code> command can be used to create a domain account.(Citation: Savill 1999) Such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.
Query: weakness Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements
Matching passage: CWE-794 Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements. The product receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
Near-miss passage: CWE-622 Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments. The product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but it does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.
Query: vulnerability: Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) devices with software 8.5.6-106 and 9.5.0-201 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (per-domain e-mail reception outage) by placi
Matching passage: CVE-2015-4278. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 4.300000190734863. Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) devices with software 8.5.6-106 and 9.5.0-201 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (per-domain e-mail reception outage) by placing malformed DMARC policy data in DNS TXT records for a domain, aka Bug ID CSCuv14806.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-0635. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 9.0. The Autonomic Networking Infrastructure (ANI) implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.4, 15.0, 15.2, 15.3, and 15.4 and IOS XE 3.10.xS through 3.13.xS before 3.13.1S allows remote attackers to spoof Autonomic Networking Registration Authority (ANRA) responses, and consequently bypass intended device and node access restrictions or cause a denial of service (disrupted domain access), via crafted AN messages, aka Bug ID CSCup62191.
Query: CVE similar to CVE-2015-2331
Matching passage: CVE-2015-2331. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 7.5. Integer overflow in the _zip_cdir_new function in zip_dirent.c in libzip 0.11.2 and earlier, as used in the ZIP extension in PHP before 5.4.39, 5.5.x before 5.5.23, and 5.6.x before 5.6.7 and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a ZIP archive that contains many entries, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-4491. CWE: CWE-189. CVSS: 6.800000190734863. Integer overflow in the make_filter_table function in pixops/pixops.c in gdk-pixbuf before 2.31.5, as used in Mozilla Firefox before 40.0 and Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.2 on Linux, Google Chrome on Linux, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) via crafted bitmap dimensions that are mishandled during scaling.
Query: incident response steps for Multiple failed authentications followed by Ingress Tool Transfer
Matching passage: Playbook for T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer. 1) Validate alert telemetry against T1105. 2) Scope affected hosts and accounts. 3) Contain by isolating endpoint / disabling account if confirmed. 4) Hunt for related tactics: command and control. 5) Eradicate persistence and recover. Reference detection notes: Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095). Once present, adversaries may also transfer/spread tools between victim dev
Near-miss passage: Playbook for T1571 Non-Standard Port. Different response path focused on command and control.
Query: alert when Detects disabling Windows Defender Exploit Guard Network Protection
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects disabling Windows Defender Exploit Guard Network Protection. Logsource: windows / registry_set. Rule: title: Disable Exploit Guard Network Protection on Windows Defender id: bf9e1387-b040-4393-9851-1598f8ecfae9 status: test description: Detects disabling Windows Defender Exploit Guard Network Protection references: - https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/105533-enable-disable-windows-defender-exploit-protection-settings.html author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-04 modified: 2023-08-17 tags: - attack.defense-impairment - attack.t1685 logsource: category: registry_set product: windows detection: selection: TargetObject|contains: SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender Security Center\App and Browser protection\DisallowExploitProtectionOverride Details: DWORD (00000001) condition: selection falsepositives: - Unknown level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects when storage bucket is enumerated in Google Cloud.. Logsource: gcp / gcp.audit. Rule: title: Google Cloud Storage Buckets Enumeration id: e2feb918-4e77-4608-9697-990a1aaf74c3 status: test description: Detects when storage bucket is enumerated in Google Cloud. references: - https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/buckets author: Austin Songer @austinsonger date: 2021-08-14 modified: 2022-10-09 tags: - attack.discovery logsource: product: gcp service: gcp.audit detection: selection: gcp.audit.method_name: - storage.buckets.list - storage.buckets.listChannels condition: selection falsepositives: - Storage Buckets being enumerated may be performed by a system administrator. Verify whether the user identity, user agent, and/or hostname should be making changes in your environment. - Storage Buckets enumerated from unfamiliar users should be investigated. If known behavior is causing false positives, it can be exempted from the rule. level: low
Query: detect Detects execution of "VSDiagnostics.exe" with the "start" command in order to launch and proxy arbitrary binaries. in logs
Matching passage: Sigma rule: Detects execution of "VSDiagnostics.exe" with the "start" command in order to launch and proxy arbitrary binaries.. Logsource: windows / process_creation. Rule: title: Potential Binary Proxy Execution Via VSDiagnostics.EXE id: ac1c92b4-ac81-405a-9978-4604d78cc47e status: test description: Detects execution of "VSDiagnostics.exe" with the "start" command in order to launch and proxy arbitrary binaries. references: - https://twitter.com/0xBoku/status/1679200664013135872 author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) date: 2023-08-03 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1218 logsource: category: process_creation product: windows detection: selection_img: - Image|endswith: \VSDiagnostics.exe - OriginalFileName: VSDiagnostics.exe selection_cli_start: CommandLine|contains: start selection_cli_launch: CommandLine|contains: - ' /launch:' - ' -launch:' condition: all of selection_* falsepositives: - Legitimate usage for tracing and diagnostics purposes level: medium
Near-miss passage: Sigma rule: Detects threat actors proxy executing code and bypassing application controls by leveraging wmic and the `/FORMAT` argum. Logsource: windows / image_load. Rule: title: WMIC Loading Scripting Libraries id: 06ce37c2-61ab-4f05-9ff5-b1a96d18ae32 related: - id: 8d63dadf-b91b-4187-87b6-34a1114577ea type: similar - id: 05c36dd6-79d6-4a9a-97da-3db20298ab2d type: similar status: test description: 'Detects threat actors proxy executing code and bypassing application controls by leveraging wmic and the `/FORMAT` argument switch to download and execute an XSL file (i.e js, vbs, etc). It could be an indicator of SquiblyTwo technique, which uses Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious code. ' references: - https://securitydatasets.com/notebooks/atomic/windows/defense_evasion/SDWIN-201017061100.html - https://twitter.com/dez_/status/986614411711442944 - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Wmic/ author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research) date: 2020-10-17 modified: 2022-10-13 tags: - attack.stealth - attack.t1220 logsource: category: image_load product: windows detection: selection: Image|endswith: \wmic.exe ImageLoaded|endswith: - \jscript.dll - \vbscript.dll condition: selection falsepositives: - The command wmic os get lastbootuptime loads vbscript.dll - The command wmic os get locale loads vbscript.dll - Since the ImageLoad event doesn't have enough information in this case. It's better to look at the recent process creation events that spawned the WMIC process and investigate the command line and parent/child processes to get more insights - The command `wmic ntevent` loads vbscript.dll level: medium
Query: describe CVE-2015-7855
Matching passage: CVE-2015-7855. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 6.5. The decodenetnum function in ntpd in NTP 4.2.x before 4.2.8p4, and 4.3.x before 4.3.77 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure) via a 6 or mode 7 packet containing a long data value.
Near-miss passage: CVE-2015-5879. CWE: CWE-20. CVSS: 5.0. XNU in the kernel in Apple iOS before 9 does not properly validate the headers of TCP packets, which allows remote attackers to bypass the sequence-number protection mechanism and cause a denial of service (TCP connection disruption) via a crafted header.