CVE-2022-50214 (published 2025-06-18)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

coresight: Clear the connection field properly

coresight devices track their connections (output connections) and
hold a reference to the fwnode. When a device goes away, we walk through
the devices on the coresight bus and make sure that the references
are dropped. This happens both ways:
 a) For all output connections from the device, drop the reference to
    the target device via coresight_release_platform_data()

b) Iterate over all the devices on the coresight bus and drop the
   reference to fwnode if *this* device is the target of the output
   connection, via coresight_remove_conns()->coresight_remove_match().

However, the coresight_remove_match() doesn't clear the fwnode field,
after dropping the reference, this causes use-after-free and
additional refcount drops on the fwnode.

e.g., if we have two devices, A and B, with a connection, A -> B.
If we remove B first, B would clear the reference on B, from A
via coresight_remove_match(). But when A is removed, it still has
a connection with fwnode still pointing to B. Thus it tries to  drops
the reference in coresight_release_platform_data(), raising the bells
like :

[   91.990153] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[   91.990163] refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.
[   91.990212] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 461 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0xa0/0x144
[   91.990260] Modules linked in: coresight_funnel coresight_replicator coresight_etm4x(-)
 crct10dif_ce coresight ip_tables x_tables ipv6 [last unloaded: coresight_cpu_debug]
[   91.990398] CPU: 0 PID: 461 Comm: rmmod Tainted: G        W       T 5.19.0-rc2+ #53
[   91.990418] Hardware name: ARM LTD ARM Juno Development Platform/ARM Juno Development Platform, BIOS EDK II Feb  1 2019
[   91.990434] pstate: 600000c5 (nZCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[   91.990454] pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xa0/0x144
[   91.990476] lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xa0/0x144
[   91.990496] sp : ffff80000c843640
[   91.990509] x29: ffff80000c843640 x28: ffff800009957c28 x27: ffff80000c8439a8
[   91.990560] x26: ffff00097eff1990 x25: ffff8000092b6ad8 x24: ffff00097eff19a8
[   91.990610] x23: ffff80000c8439a8 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffff80000c8439c2
[   91.990659] x20: 0000000000000000 x19: ffff00097eff1a10 x18: ffff80000ab99c40
[   91.990708] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffff80000abf6fa0
[   91.990756] x14: 000000000000001d x13: 0a2e656572662d72 x12: 657466612d657375
[   91.990805] x11: 203b30206e6f206e x10: 6f69746964646120 x9 : ffff8000081aba28
[   91.990854] x8 : 206e6f206e6f6974 x7 : 69646461203a745f x6 : 746e756f63666572
[   91.990903] x5 : ffff00097648ec58 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000027
[   91.990952] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff00080260ba00
[   91.991000] Call trace:
[   91.991012]  refcount_warn_saturate+0xa0/0x144
[   91.991034]  kobject_get+0xac/0xb0
[   91.991055]  of_node_get+0x2c/0x40
[   91.991076]  of_fwnode_get+0x40/0x60
[   91.991094]  fwnode_handle_get+0x3c/0x60
[   91.991116]  fwnode_get_nth_parent+0xf4/0x110
[   91.991137]  fwnode_full_name_string+0x48/0xc0
[   91.991158]  device_node_string+0x41c/0x530
[   91.991178]  pointer+0x320/0x3ec
[   91.991198]  vsnprintf+0x23c/0x750
[   91.991217]  vprintk_store+0x104/0x4b0
[   91.991238]  vprintk_emit+0x8c/0x360
[   91.991257]  vprintk_default+0x44/0x50
[   91.991276]  vprintk+0xcc/0xf0
[   91.991295]  _printk+0x68/0x90
[   91.991315]  of_node_release+0x13c/0x14c
[   91.991334]  kobject_put+0x98/0x114
[   91.991354]  of_node_put+0x24/0x34
[   91.991372]  of_fwnode_put+0x40/0x5c
[   91.991390]  fwnode_handle_put+0x38/0x50
[   91.991411]  coresight_release_platform_data+0x74/0xb0 [coresight]
[   91.991472]  coresight_unregister+0x64/0xcc [coresight]
[   91.991525]  etm4_remove_dev+0x64/0x78 [coresight_etm4x]
[   91.991563]  etm4_remove_amba+0x1c/0x2c [coresight_etm4x]
[   91.991598]  amba_remove+0x3c/0x19c
---truncated---
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Weakness: CWE-416
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel