CVE-2022-50163 (published 2025-06-18)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ax25: fix incorrect dev_tracker usage

While investigating a separate rose issue [1], and enabling
CONFIG_NET_DEV_REFCNT_TRACKER=y, Bernard reported an orthogonal ax25 issue [2]

An ax25_dev can be used by one (or many) struct ax25_cb.
We thus need different dev_tracker, one per struct ax25_cb.

After this patch is applied, we are able to focus on rose.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/fb7544a1-f42e-9254-18cc-c9b071f4ca70@free.fr/

[2]
[  205.798723] reference already released.
[  205.798732] allocated in:
[  205.798734]  ax25_bind+0x1a2/0x230 [ax25]
[  205.798747]  __sys_bind+0xea/0x110
[  205.798753]  __x64_sys_bind+0x18/0x20
[  205.798758]  do_syscall_64+0x5c/0x80
[  205.798763]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[  205.798768] freed in:
[  205.798770]  ax25_release+0x115/0x370 [ax25]
[  205.798778]  __sock_release+0x42/0xb0
[  205.798782]  sock_close+0x15/0x20
[  205.798785]  __fput+0x9f/0x260
[  205.798789]  ____fput+0xe/0x10
[  205.798792]  task_work_run+0x64/0xa0
[  205.798798]  exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x18b/0x190
[  205.798804]  syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x26/0x40
[  205.798808]  do_syscall_64+0x69/0x80
[  205.798812]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[  205.798827] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[  205.798829] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 2605 at lib/ref_tracker.c:136 ref_tracker_free.cold+0x60/0x81
[  205.798837] Modules linked in: rose netrom mkiss ax25 rfcomm cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep snd_hda_codec_hdmi nls_iso8859_1 i915 rtw88_8821ce rtw88_8821c x86_pkg_temp_thermal rtw88_pci intel_powerclamp rtw88_core snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio coretemp snd_hda_intel kvm_intel snd_intel_dspcfg mac80211 snd_hda_codec kvm i2c_algo_bit drm_buddy drm_dp_helper btusb drm_kms_helper snd_hwdep btrtl snd_hda_core btbcm joydev crct10dif_pclmul btintel crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel mei_hdcp btmtk intel_rapl_msr aesni_intel bluetooth input_leds snd_pcm crypto_simd syscopyarea processor_thermal_device_pci_legacy sysfillrect cryptd intel_soc_dts_iosf snd_seq sysimgblt ecdh_generic fb_sys_fops rapl libarc4 processor_thermal_device intel_cstate processor_thermal_rfim cec snd_timer ecc snd_seq_device cfg80211 processor_thermal_mbox mei_me processor_thermal_rapl mei rc_core at24 snd intel_pch_thermal intel_rapl_common ttm soundcore int340x_thermal_zone video
[  205.798948]  mac_hid acpi_pad sch_fq_codel ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler drm msr parport_pc ppdev lp parport ramoops pstore_blk reed_solomon pstore_zone efi_pstore ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid i2c_i801 i2c_smbus r8169 xhci_pci ahci libahci realtek lpc_ich xhci_pci_renesas [last unloaded: ax25]
[  205.798992] CPU: 2 PID: 2605 Comm: ax25ipd Not tainted 5.18.11-F6BVP #3
[  205.798996] Hardware name: To be filled by O.E.M. To be filled by O.E.M./CK3, BIOS 5.011 09/16/2020
[  205.798999] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free.cold+0x60/0x81
[  205.799005] Code: e8 d2 01 9b ff 83 7b 18 00 74 14 48 c7 c7 2f d7 ff 98 e8 10 6e fc ff 8b 7b 18 e8 b8 01 9b ff 4c 89 ee 4c 89 e7 e8 5d fd 07 00 <0f> 0b b8 ea ff ff ff e9 30 05 9b ff 41 0f b6 f7 48 c7 c7 a0 fa 4e
[  205.799008] RSP: 0018:ffffaf5281073958 EFLAGS: 00010286
[  205.799011] RAX: 0000000080000000 RBX: ffff9a0bd687ebe0 RCX: 0000000000000000
[  205.799014] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000282 RDI: 00000000ffffffff
[  205.799016] RBP: ffffaf5281073a10 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: fffffffffffd5618
[  205.799019] R10: 0000000000ffff10 R11: 000000000000000f R12: ffff9a0bc53384d0
[  205.799022] R13: 0000000000000282 R14: 00000000ae000001 R15: 0000000000000001
[  205.799024] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9a0d0f300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[  205.799028] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[  205.799031] CR2: 00007ff6b8311554 CR3: 000000001ac10004 CR4: 00000000001706e0
[  205.799033] Call Trace:
[  205.799035]  <TASK>
[  205.799038]  ? ax25_dev_device_down+0xd9/
---truncated---
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel