CVE-2022-49945 (published 2025-06-18)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

hwmon: (gpio-fan) Fix array out of bounds access

The driver does not check if the cooling state passed to
gpio_fan_set_cur_state() exceeds the maximum cooling state as
stored in fan_data->num_speeds. Since the cooling state is later
used as an array index in set_fan_speed(), an array out of bounds
access can occur.
This can be exploited by setting the state of the thermal cooling device
to arbitrary values, causing for example a kernel oops when unavailable
memory is accessed this way.

Example kernel oops:
[  807.987276] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffffff80d0588064
[  807.987369] Mem abort info:
[  807.987398]   ESR = 0x96000005
[  807.987428]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[  807.987477]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
[  807.987507]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[  807.987536]   FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault
[  807.987570] Data abort info:
[  807.987763]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000005
[  807.987801]   CM = 0, WnR = 0
[  807.987832] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000001165000
[  807.987872] [ffffff80d0588064] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000, pud=0000000000000000
[  807.987961] Internal error: Oops: 96000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[  807.987992] Modules linked in: cmac algif_hash aes_arm64 algif_skcipher af_alg bnep hci_uart btbcm bluetooth ecdh_generic ecc 8021q garp stp llc snd_soc_hdmi_codec brcmfmac vc4 brcmutil cec drm_kms_helper snd_soc_core cfg80211 snd_compress bcm2835_codec(C) snd_pcm_dmaengine syscopyarea bcm2835_isp(C) bcm2835_v4l2(C) sysfillrect v4l2_mem2mem bcm2835_mmal_vchiq(C) raspberrypi_hwmon sysimgblt videobuf2_dma_contig videobuf2_vmalloc fb_sys_fops videobuf2_memops rfkill videobuf2_v4l2 videobuf2_common i2c_bcm2835 snd_bcm2835(C) videodev snd_pcm snd_timer snd mc vc_sm_cma(C) gpio_fan uio_pdrv_genirq uio drm fuse drm_panel_orientation_quirks backlight ip_tables x_tables ipv6
[  807.988508] CPU: 0 PID: 1321 Comm: bash Tainted: G         C        5.15.56-v8+ #1575
[  807.988548] Hardware name: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2 (DT)
[  807.988574] pstate: 20000005 (nzCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[  807.988608] pc : set_fan_speed.part.5+0x34/0x80 [gpio_fan]
[  807.988654] lr : gpio_fan_set_cur_state+0x34/0x50 [gpio_fan]
[  807.988691] sp : ffffffc008cf3bd0
[  807.988710] x29: ffffffc008cf3bd0 x28: ffffff80019edac0 x27: 0000000000000000
[  807.988762] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffffff800747c920
[  807.988787] x23: 000000000000000a x22: ffffff800369f000 x21: 000000001999997c
[  807.988854] x20: ffffff800369f2e8 x19: ffffff8002ae8080 x18: 0000000000000000
[  807.988877] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 000000559e271b70
[  807.988938] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000
[  807.988960] x11: 0000000000000000 x10: ffffffc008cf3c20 x9 : ffffffcfb60c741c
[  807.989018] x8 : 000000000000000a x7 : 00000000ffffffc9 x6 : 0000000000000009
[  807.989040] x5 : 000000000000002a x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffffff800369f2e8
[  807.989062] x2 : 000000000000e780 x1 : 0000000000000001 x0 : ffffff80d0588060
[  807.989084] Call trace:
[  807.989091]  set_fan_speed.part.5+0x34/0x80 [gpio_fan]
[  807.989113]  gpio_fan_set_cur_state+0x34/0x50 [gpio_fan]
[  807.989199]  cur_state_store+0x84/0xd0
[  807.989221]  dev_attr_store+0x20/0x38
[  807.989262]  sysfs_kf_write+0x4c/0x60
[  807.989282]  kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x130/0x1c0
[  807.989298]  new_sync_write+0x10c/0x190
[  807.989315]  vfs_write+0x254/0x378
[  807.989362]  ksys_write+0x70/0xf8
[  807.989379]  __arm64_sys_write+0x24/0x30
[  807.989424]  invoke_syscall+0x4c/0x110
[  807.989442]  el0_svc_common.constprop.3+0xfc/0x120
[  807.989458]  do_el0_svc+0x2c/0x90
[  807.989473]  el0_svc+0x24/0x60
[  807.989544]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x90/0xb8
[  807.989558]  el0t_64_sync+0x1a0/0x1a4
[  807.989579] Code: b9403801 f9402800 7100003f 8b35cc00 (b9400416)
[  807.989627] ---[ end t
---truncated---
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H)
Weakness: CWE-125
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel