CVE-2025-40265 (published 2025-12-04)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vfat: fix missing sb_min_blocksize() return value checks

When emulating an nvme device on qemu with both logical_block_size and
physical_block_size set to 8 KiB, but without format, a kernel panic
was triggered during the early boot stage while attempting to mount a
vfat filesystem.

[95553.682035] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1): unable to set blocksize
[95553.684326] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1): unable to set blocksize
[95553.686501] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1): unable to set blocksize
[95553.696448] ISOFS: unsupported/invalid hardware sector size 8192
[95553.697117] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[95553.697567] kernel BUG at fs/buffer.c:1582!
[95553.697984] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[95553.698602] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7212 Comm: mount Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.18.0-rc2+ #38 PREEMPT(voluntary)
[95553.699511] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[95553.700534] RIP: 0010:folio_alloc_buffers+0x1bb/0x1c0
[95553.701018] Code: 48 8b 15 e8 93 18 02 65 48 89 35 e0 93 18 02 48 83 c4 10 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff c3 cc cc cc cc <0f> 0b 90 66 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 0f
[95553.702648] RSP: 0018:ffffd1b0c676f990 EFLAGS: 00010246
[95553.703132] RAX: ffff8cfc4176d820 RBX: 0000000000508c48 RCX: 0000000000000001
[95553.703805] RDX: 0000000000002000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[95553.704481] RBP: ffffd1b0c676f9c8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[95553.705148] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000001
[95553.705816] R13: 0000000000002000 R14: fffff8bc8257e800 R15: 0000000000000000
[95553.706483] FS:  000072ee77315840(0000) GS:ffff8cfdd2c8d000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[95553.707248] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[95553.707782] CR2: 00007d8f2a9e5a20 CR3: 0000000039d0c006 CR4: 0000000000772ef0
[95553.708439] PKRU: 55555554
[95553.708734] Call Trace:
[95553.709015]  <TASK>
[95553.709266]  __getblk_slow+0xd2/0x230
[95553.709641]  ? find_get_block_common+0x8b/0x530
[95553.710084]  bdev_getblk+0x77/0xa0
[95553.710449]  __bread_gfp+0x22/0x140
[95553.710810]  fat_fill_super+0x23a/0xfc0
[95553.711216]  ? __pfx_setup+0x10/0x10
[95553.711580]  ? __pfx_vfat_fill_super+0x10/0x10
[95553.712014]  vfat_fill_super+0x15/0x30
[95553.712401]  get_tree_bdev_flags+0x141/0x1e0
[95553.712817]  get_tree_bdev+0x10/0x20
[95553.713177]  vfat_get_tree+0x15/0x20
[95553.713550]  vfs_get_tree+0x2a/0x100
[95553.713910]  vfs_cmd_create+0x62/0xf0
[95553.714273]  __do_sys_fsconfig+0x4e7/0x660
[95553.714669]  __x64_sys_fsconfig+0x20/0x40
[95553.715062]  x64_sys_call+0x21ee/0x26a0
[95553.715453]  do_syscall_64+0x80/0x670
[95553.715816]  ? __fs_parse+0x65/0x1e0
[95553.716172]  ? fat_parse_param+0x103/0x4b0
[95553.716587]  ? vfs_parse_fs_param_source+0x21/0xa0
[95553.717034]  ? __do_sys_fsconfig+0x3d9/0x660
[95553.717548]  ? __x64_sys_fsconfig+0x20/0x40
[95553.717957]  ? x64_sys_call+0x21ee/0x26a0
[95553.718360]  ? do_syscall_64+0xb8/0x670
[95553.718734]  ? __x64_sys_fsconfig+0x20/0x40
[95553.719141]  ? x64_sys_call+0x21ee/0x26a0
[95553.719545]  ? do_syscall_64+0xb8/0x670
[95553.719922]  ? x64_sys_call+0x1405/0x26a0
[95553.720317]  ? do_syscall_64+0xb8/0x670
[95553.720702]  ? __x64_sys_close+0x3e/0x90
[95553.721080]  ? x64_sys_call+0x1b5e/0x26a0
[95553.721478]  ? do_syscall_64+0xb8/0x670
[95553.721841]  ? irqentry_exit+0x43/0x50
[95553.722211]  ? exc_page_fault+0x90/0x1b0
[95553.722681]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[95553.723166] RIP: 0033:0x72ee774f3afe
[95553.723562] Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 0a 33 0f 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 49 89 ca b8 af 01 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d da 32 0f 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[95553.725188] RSP: 002b:00007ffe97148978 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000001af
[95553.725892] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 
---truncated---