alirezaaminzadeh/cve-riskrank huggingface dataset:
CVE-2023-54015 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/mlx5: Devcom, fix error flow in mlx5_devcom_register_device

In case devcom allocation is failed, mlx5 is always freeing the priv.
However, this priv might have been allocated by a different thread,
and freeing it might lead to use-after-free bugs.
Fix it by freeing the priv only in case it was allocated by the
running thread.
CVE-2023-54016 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: ath12k: Fix memory leak in rx_desc and tx_desc

Currently when ath12k_dp_cc_desc_init() is called we allocate
memory to rx_descs and tx_descs. In ath12k_dp_cc_cleanup(), during
descriptor cleanup rx_descs and tx_descs memory is not freed.

This is cause of memory leak. These allocated memory should be
freed in ath12k_dp_cc_cleanup.

In ath12k_dp_cc_desc_init(), we can save base address of rx_descs
and tx_descs. In ath12k_dp_cc_cleanup(), we can free rx_descs and
tx_descs memory using their base address.

Tested-on: QCN9274 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.WBE.1.0.1-00029-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-1
CVE-2023-54017 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

powerpc/pseries: fix possible memory leak in ibmebus_bus_init()

If device_register() returns error in ibmebus_bus_init(), name of kobject
which is allocated in dev_set_name() called in device_add() is leaked.

As comment of device_add() says, it should call put_device() to drop
the reference count that was set in device_initialize() when it fails,
so the name can be freed in kobject_cleanup().
CVE-2023-54018 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/msm/hdmi: Add missing check for alloc_ordered_workqueue

Add check for the return value of alloc_ordered_workqueue as it may return
NULL pointer and cause NULL pointer dereference in `hdmi_hdcp.c` and
`hdmi_hpd.c`.

Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/517211/
CVE-2023-54019 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sched/psi: use kernfs polling functions for PSI trigger polling

Destroying psi trigger in cgroup_file_release causes UAF issues when
a cgroup is removed from under a polling process. This is happening
because cgroup removal causes a call to cgroup_file_release while the
actual file is still alive. Destroying the trigger at this point would
also destroy its waitqueue head and if there is still a polling process
on that file accessing the waitqueue, it will step on the freed pointer:

do_select
  vfs_poll
                           do_rmdir
                             cgroup_rmdir
                               kernfs_drain_open_files
                                 cgroup_file_release
                                   cgroup_pressure_release
                                     psi_trigger_destroy
                                       wake_up_pollfree(&t->event_wait)
// vfs_poll is unblocked
                                       synchronize_rcu
                                       kfree(t)
  poll_freewait -> UAF access to the trigger's waitqueue head

Patch [1] fixed this issue for epoll() case using wake_up_pollfree(),
however the same issue exists for synchronous poll() case.
The root cause of this issue is that the lifecycles of the psi trigger's
waitqueue and of the file associated with the trigger are different. Fix
this by using kernfs_generic_poll function when polling on cgroup-specific
psi triggers. It internally uses kernfs_open_node->poll waitqueue head
with its lifecycle tied to the file's lifecycle. This also renders the
fix in [1] obsolete, so revert it.

[1] commit c2dbe32d5db5 ("sched/psi: Fix use-after-free in ep_remove_wait_queue()")
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54020 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

dmaengine: sf-pdma: pdma_desc memory leak fix

Commit b2cc5c465c2c ("dmaengine: sf-pdma: Add multithread support for a
DMA channel") changed sf_pdma_prep_dma_memcpy() to unconditionally
allocate a new sf_pdma_desc each time it is called.

The driver previously recycled descs, by checking the in_use flag, only
allocating additional descs if the existing one was in use. This logic
was removed in commit b2cc5c465c2c ("dmaengine: sf-pdma: Add multithread
support for a DMA channel"), but sf_pdma_free_desc() was not changed to
handle the new behaviour.

As a result, each time sf_pdma_prep_dma_memcpy() is called, the previous
descriptor is leaked, over time leading to memory starvation:

  unreferenced object 0xffffffe008447300 (size 192):
  comm "irq/39-mchp_dsc", pid 343, jiffies 4294906910 (age 981.200s)
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    00 00 00 ff 00 00 00 00 b8 c1 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
    00 00 70 08 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 00 00 00 00  ..p.............
  backtrace:
    [<00000000064a04f4>] kmemleak_alloc+0x1e/0x28
    [<00000000018927a7>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x11e/0x178
    [<000000002aea8d16>] sf_pdma_prep_dma_memcpy+0x40/0x112

Add the missing kfree() to sf_pdma_free_desc(), and remove the redundant
in_use flag.
CVE-2023-54021 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: set goal start correctly in ext4_mb_normalize_request

We need to set ac_g_ex to notify the goal start used in
ext4_mb_find_by_goal. Set ac_g_ex instead of ac_f_ex in
ext4_mb_normalize_request.
Besides we should assure goal start is in range [first_data_block,
blocks_count) as ext4_mb_initialize_context does.

[ Added a check to make sure size is less than ar->pright; otherwise
  we could end up passing an underflowed value of ar->pright - size to
  ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(), which will trigger a BUG_ON later on.
  - TYT ]
CVE-2023-54022 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ALSA: usb-audio: Fix potential memory leaks at error path for UMP open

The allocation and initialization errors at alloc_midi_urbs() that is
called at MIDI 2.0 / UMP device are supposed to be handled at the
caller side by invoking free_midi_urbs().  However, free_midi_urbs()
loops only for ep->num_urbs entries, and since ep->num_entries wasn't
updated yet at the allocation / init error in alloc_midi_urbs(), this
entry won't be released.

The intention of free_midi_urbs() is to release the whole elements, so
change the loop size to NUM_URBS to scan over all elements for fixing
the missed releases.

Also, the call of free_midi_urbs() is missing at
snd_usb_midi_v2_open().  Although it'll be released later at
reopen/close or disconnection, it's better to release immediately at
the error path.
CVE-2023-54023 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix race between balance and cancel/pause

Syzbot reported a panic that looks like this:

  assertion failed: fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE_PAUSED, in fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:465
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/messages.c:259!
  RIP: 0010:btrfs_assertfail+0x2c/0x30 fs/btrfs/messages.c:259
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   btrfs_exclop_balance fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:465 [inline]
   btrfs_ioctl_balance fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:3564 [inline]
   btrfs_ioctl+0x531e/0x5b30 fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:4632
   vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
   __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [inline]
   __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [inline]
   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x197/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856
   do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
   do_syscall_64+0x39/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd

The reproducer is running a balance and a cancel or pause in parallel.
The way balance finishes is a bit wonky, if we were paused we need to
save the balance_ctl in the fs_info, but clear it otherwise and cleanup.
However we rely on the return values being specific errors, or having a
cancel request or no pause request.  If balance completes and returns 0,
but we have a pause or cancel request we won't do the appropriate
cleanup, and then the next time we try to start a balance we'll trip
this ASSERT.

The error handling is just wrong here, we always want to clean up,
unless we got -ECANCELLED and we set the appropriate pause flag in the
exclusive op.  With this patch the reproducer ran for an hour without
tripping, previously it would trip in less than a few minutes.
CVE-2023-54024 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: Destroy target device if coalesced MMIO unregistration fails

Destroy and free the target coalesced MMIO device if unregistering said
device fails.  As clearly noted in the code, kvm_io_bus_unregister_dev()
does not destroy the target device.

  BUG: memory leak
  unreferenced object 0xffff888112a54880 (size 64):
    comm "syz-executor.2", pid 5258, jiffies 4297861402 (age 14.129s)
    hex dump (first 32 bytes):
      38 c7 67 15 00 c9 ff ff 38 c7 67 15 00 c9 ff ff  8.g.....8.g.....
      e0 c7 e1 83 ff ff ff ff 00 30 67 15 00 c9 ff ff  .........0g.....
    backtrace:
      [<0000000006995a8a>] kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:556 [inline]
      [<0000000006995a8a>] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:690 [inline]
      [<0000000006995a8a>] kvm_vm_ioctl_register_coalesced_mmio+0x8e/0x3d0 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/coalesced_mmio.c:150
      [<00000000022550c2>] kvm_vm_ioctl+0x47d/0x1600 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:3323
      [<000000008a75102f>] vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:46 [inline]
      [<000000008a75102f>] file_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:509 [inline]
      [<000000008a75102f>] do_vfs_ioctl+0xbab/0x1160 fs/ioctl.c:696
      [<0000000080e3f669>] ksys_ioctl+0x76/0xa0 fs/ioctl.c:713
      [<0000000059ef4888>] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:720 [inline]
      [<0000000059ef4888>] __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:718 [inline]
      [<0000000059ef4888>] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x6f/0xb0 fs/ioctl.c:718
      [<000000006444fa05>] do_syscall_64+0x9f/0x4e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:290
      [<000000009a4ed50b>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe

  BUG: leak checking failed
CVE-2023-54025 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: rsi: Do not configure WoWlan in shutdown hook if not enabled

In case WoWlan was never configured during the operation of the system,
the hw->wiphy->wowlan_config will be NULL. rsi_config_wowlan() checks
whether wowlan_config is non-NULL and if it is not, then WARNs about it.
The warning is valid, as during normal operation the rsi_config_wowlan()
should only ever be called with non-NULL wowlan_config. In shutdown this
rsi_config_wowlan() should only ever be called if WoWlan was configured
before by the user.

Add checks for non-NULL wowlan_config into the shutdown hook. While at it,
check whether the wiphy is also non-NULL before accessing wowlan_config .
Drop the single-use wowlan_config variable, just inline it into function
call.
CVE-2023-54026 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

opp: Fix use-after-free in lazy_opp_tables after probe deferral

When dev_pm_opp_of_find_icc_paths() in _allocate_opp_table() returns
-EPROBE_DEFER, the opp_table is freed again, to wait until all the
interconnect paths are available.

However, if the OPP table is using required-opps then it may already
have been added to the global lazy_opp_tables list. The error path
does not remove the opp_table from the list again.

This can cause crashes later when the provider of the required-opps
is added, since we will iterate over OPP tables that have already been
freed. E.g.:

  Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference when read
  CPU: 0 PID: 7 Comm: kworker/0:0 Not tainted 6.4.0-rc3
  PC is at _of_add_opp_table_v2 (include/linux/of.h:949
  drivers/opp/of.c:98 drivers/opp/of.c:344 drivers/opp/of.c:404
  drivers/opp/of.c:1032) -> lazy_link_required_opp_table()

Fix this by calling _of_clear_opp_table() to remove the opp_table from
the list and clear other allocated resources. While at it, also add the
missing mutex_destroy() calls in the error path.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54027 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iio: core: Prevent invalid memory access when there is no parent

Commit 813665564b3d ("iio: core: Convert to use firmware node handle
instead of OF node") switched the kind of nodes to use for label
retrieval in device registration.  Probably an unwanted change in that
commit was that if the device has no parent then NULL pointer is
accessed.  This is what happens in the stock IIO dummy driver when a
new entry is created in configfs:

  # mkdir /sys/kernel/config/iio/devices/dummy/foo
  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: ...
  ...
  Call Trace:
  __iio_device_register
  iio_dummy_probe

Since there seems to be no reason to make a parent device of an IIO
dummy device mandatory, let’s prevent the invalid memory access in
__iio_device_register when the parent device is NULL.  With this
change, the IIO dummy driver works fine with configfs.
CVE-2023-54028 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/rxe: Fix the error "trying to register non-static key in rxe_cleanup_task"

In the function rxe_create_qp(), rxe_qp_from_init() is called to
initialize qp, internally things like rxe_init_task are not setup until
rxe_qp_init_req().

If an error occurred before this point then the unwind will call
rxe_cleanup() and eventually to rxe_qp_do_cleanup()/rxe_cleanup_task()
which will oops when trying to access the uninitialized spinlock.

If rxe_init_task is not executed, rxe_cleanup_task will not be called.
CVE-2023-54030 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

io_uring/net: don't overflow multishot recv

Don't allow overflowing multishot recv CQEs, it might get out of
hand, hurt performance, and in the worst case scenario OOM the task.
CVE-2023-54031 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vdpa: Add queue index attr to vdpa_nl_policy for nlattr length check

The vdpa_nl_policy structure is used to validate the nlattr when parsing
the incoming nlmsg. It will ensure the attribute being described produces
a valid nlattr pointer in info->attrs before entering into each handler
in vdpa_nl_ops.

That is to say, the missing part in vdpa_nl_policy may lead to illegal
nlattr after parsing, which could lead to OOB read just like CVE-2023-3773.

This patch adds the missing nla_policy for vdpa queue index attr to avoid
such bugs.
CVE-2023-54033 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: fix a memory leak in the LRU and LRU_PERCPU hash maps

The LRU and LRU_PERCPU maps allocate a new element on update before locking the
target hash table bucket. Right after that the maps try to lock the bucket.
If this fails, then maps return -EBUSY to the caller without releasing the
allocated element. This makes the element untracked: it doesn't belong to
either of free lists, and it doesn't belong to the hash table, so can't be
re-used; this eventually leads to the permanent -ENOMEM on LRU map updates,
which is unexpected. Fix this by returning the element to the local free list
if bucket locking fails.
CVE-2023-54034 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommufd: Make sure to zero vfio_iommu_type1_info before copying to user

Missed a zero initialization here. Most of the struct is filled with
a copy_from_user(), however minsz for that copy is smaller than the
actual struct by 8 bytes, thus we don't fill the padding.
CVE-2023-54035 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter

Set element addition error path decrements reference counter on chains
twice: once on element release and again via nft_data_release().

Then, d6b478666ffa ("netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in object
reference counter") incorrectly fixed this by removing the stateful
object reference count decrement.

Restore the stateful object decrement as in b91d90368837 ("netfilter:
nf_tables: fix leaking object reference count") and let
nft_data_release() decrement the chain reference counter, so this is
done only once.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54036 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: rtl8xxxu: Fix memory leaks with RTL8723BU, RTL8192EU

The wifi + bluetooth combo chip RTL8723BU can leak memory (especially?)
when it's connected to a bluetooth audio device. The busy bluetooth
traffic generates lots of C2H (card to host) messages, which are not
freed correctly.

To fix this, move the dev_kfree_skb() call in rtl8xxxu_c2hcmd_callback()
inside the loop where skb_dequeue() is called.

The RTL8192EU leaks memory because the C2H messages are added to the
queue and left there forever. (This was fine in the past because it
probably wasn't sending any C2H messages until commit e542e66b7c2e
("wifi: rtl8xxxu: gen2: Turn on the rate control"). Since that commit
it sends a C2H message when the TX rate changes.)

To fix this, delete the check for rf_paths > 1 and the goto. Let the
function process the C2H messages from RTL8192EU like the ones from
the other chips.

Theoretically the RTL8188FU could also leak like RTL8723BU, but it
most likely doesn't send C2H messages frequently enough.

This change was tested with RTL8723BU by Erhard F. I tested it with
RTL8188FU and RTL8192EU.
CVE-2023-54038 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Bluetooth: hci_conn: return ERR_PTR instead of NULL when there is no link

hci_connect_sco currently returns NULL when there is no link (i.e. when
hci_conn_link() returns NULL).

sco_connect() expects an ERR_PTR in case of any error (see line 266 in
sco.c). Thus, hcon set as NULL passes through to sco_conn_add(), which
tries to get hcon->hdev, resulting in dereferencing a NULL pointer as
reported by syzkaller.

The same issue exists for iso_connect_cis() calling hci_connect_cis().

Thus, make hci_connect_sco() and hci_connect_cis() return ERR_PTR
instead of NULL.
CVE-2023-54039 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

can: j1939: j1939_tp_tx_dat_new(): fix out-of-bounds memory access

In the j1939_tp_tx_dat_new() function, an out-of-bounds memory access
could occur during the memcpy() operation if the size of skb->cb is
larger than the size of struct j1939_sk_buff_cb. This is because the
memcpy() operation uses the size of skb->cb, leading to a read beyond
the struct j1939_sk_buff_cb.

Updated the memcpy() operation to use the size of struct
j1939_sk_buff_cb instead of the size of skb->cb. This ensures that the
memcpy() operation only reads the memory within the bounds of struct
j1939_sk_buff_cb, preventing out-of-bounds memory access.

Additionally, add a BUILD_BUG_ON() to check that the size of skb->cb
is greater than or equal to the size of struct j1939_sk_buff_cb. This
ensures that the skb->cb buffer is large enough to hold the
j1939_sk_buff_cb structure.

[mkl: rephrase commit message]
CVE-2023-54040 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ice: fix wrong fallback logic for FDIR

When adding a FDIR filter, if ice_vc_fdir_set_irq_ctx returns failure,
the inserted fdir entry will not be removed and if ice_vc_fdir_write_fltr
returns failure, the fdir context info for irq handler will not be cleared
which may lead to inconsistent or memory leak issue. This patch refines
failure cases to resolve this issue.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54041 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

io_uring: fix memory leak when removing provided buffers

When removing provided buffers, io_buffer structs are not being disposed
of, leading to a memory leak. They can't be freed individually, because
they are allocated in page-sized groups. They need to be added to some
free list instead, such as io_buffers_cache. All callers already hold
the lock protecting it, apart from when destroying buffers, so had to
extend the lock there.
CVE-2023-54042 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

powerpc/64s: Fix VAS mm use after free

The refcount on mm is dropped before the coprocessor is detached.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54043 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommufd: Do not add the same hwpt to the ioas->hwpt_list twice

The hwpt is added to the hwpt_list only during its creation, it is never
added again. This hunk is some missed leftover from rework. Adding it
twice will corrupt the linked list in some cases.

It effects HWPT specific attachment, which is something the test suite
cannot cover until we can create a legitimate struct device with a
non-system iommu "driver" (ie we need the bus removed from the iommu code)
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54044 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

spmi: Add a check for remove callback when removing a SPMI driver

When removing a SPMI driver, there can be a crash due to NULL pointer
dereference if it does not have a remove callback defined. This is
one such call trace observed when removing the QCOM SPMI PMIC driver:

 dump_backtrace.cfi_jt+0x0/0x8
 dump_stack_lvl+0xd8/0x16c
 panic+0x188/0x498
 __cfi_slowpath+0x0/0x214
 __cfi_slowpath+0x1dc/0x214
 spmi_drv_remove+0x16c/0x1e0
 device_release_driver_internal+0x468/0x79c
 driver_detach+0x11c/0x1a0
 bus_remove_driver+0xc4/0x124
 driver_unregister+0x58/0x84
 cleanup_module+0x1c/0xc24 [qcom_spmi_pmic]
 __do_sys_delete_module+0x3ec/0x53c
 __arm64_sys_delete_module+0x18/0x28
 el0_svc_common+0xdc/0x294
 el0_svc+0x38/0x9c
 el0_sync_handler+0x8c/0xf0
 el0_sync+0x1b4/0x1c0

If a driver has all its resources allocated through devm_() APIs and
does not need any other explicit cleanup, it would not require a
remove callback to be defined. Hence, add a check for remove callback
presence before calling it when removing a SPMI driver.
CVE-2023-54045 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

audit: fix possible soft lockup in __audit_inode_child()

Tracefs or debugfs maybe cause hundreds to thousands of PATH records,
too many PATH records maybe cause soft lockup.

For example:
  1. CONFIG_KASAN=y && CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n
  2. auditctl -a exit,always -S open -k key
  3. sysctl -w kernel.watchdog_thresh=5
  4. mkdir /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/instances/test

There may be a soft lockup as follows:
  watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#45 stuck for 7s! [mkdir:15498]
  Kernel panic - not syncing: softlockup: hung tasks
  Call trace:
   dump_backtrace+0x0/0x30c
   show_stack+0x20/0x30
   dump_stack+0x11c/0x174
   panic+0x27c/0x494
   watchdog_timer_fn+0x2bc/0x390
   __run_hrtimer+0x148/0x4fc
   __hrtimer_run_queues+0x154/0x210
   hrtimer_interrupt+0x2c4/0x760
   arch_timer_handler_phys+0x48/0x60
   handle_percpu_devid_irq+0xe0/0x340
   __handle_domain_irq+0xbc/0x130
   gic_handle_irq+0x78/0x460
   el1_irq+0xb8/0x140
   __audit_inode_child+0x240/0x7bc
   tracefs_create_file+0x1b8/0x2a0
   trace_create_file+0x18/0x50
   event_create_dir+0x204/0x30c
   __trace_add_new_event+0xac/0x100
   event_trace_add_tracer+0xa0/0x130
   trace_array_create_dir+0x60/0x140
   trace_array_create+0x1e0/0x370
   instance_mkdir+0x90/0xd0
   tracefs_syscall_mkdir+0x68/0xa0
   vfs_mkdir+0x21c/0x34c
   do_mkdirat+0x1b4/0x1d4
   __arm64_sys_mkdirat+0x4c/0x60
   el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xa8/0x240
   do_el0_svc+0x8c/0xc0
   el0_svc+0x20/0x30
   el0_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb4
   el0_sync+0x160/0x180

Therefore, we add cond_resched() to __audit_inode_child() to fix it.
CVE-2023-54046 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

crypto: essiv - Handle EBUSY correctly

As it is essiv only handles the special return value of EINPROGERSS,
which means that in all other cases it will free data related to the
request.

However, as the caller of essiv may specify MAY_BACKLOG, we also need
to expect EBUSY and treat it in the same way.  Otherwise backlogged
requests will trigger a use-after-free.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54047 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/rockchip: dw_hdmi: cleanup drm encoder during unbind

This fixes a use-after-free crash during rmmod.

The DRM encoder is embedded inside the larger rockchip_hdmi,
which is allocated with the component. The component memory
gets freed before the main drm device is destroyed. Fix it
by running encoder cleanup before tearing down its container.

[moved encoder cleanup above clk_disable, similar to bind-error-path]
CVE-2023-54048 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/bnxt_re: Prevent handling any completions after qp destroy

HW may generate completions that indicates QP is destroyed.
Driver should not be scheduling any more completion handlers
for this QP, after the QP is destroyed. Since CQs are active
during the QP destroy, driver may still schedule completion
handlers. This can cause a race where the destroy_cq and poll_cq
running simultaneously.

Snippet of kernel panic while doing bnxt_re driver load unload in loop.
This indicates a poll after the CQ is freed. 

[77786.481636] Call Trace:
[77786.481640]  <TASK>
[77786.481644]  bnxt_re_poll_cq+0x14a/0x620 [bnxt_re]
[77786.481658]  ? kvm_clock_read+0x14/0x30
[77786.481693]  __ib_process_cq+0x57/0x190 [ib_core]
[77786.481728]  ib_cq_poll_work+0x26/0x80 [ib_core]
[77786.481761]  process_one_work+0x1e5/0x3f0
[77786.481768]  worker_thread+0x50/0x3a0
[77786.481785]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
[77786.481790]  kthread+0xe2/0x110
[77786.481794]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[77786.481797]  ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x50

To avoid this, complete all completion handlers before returning the
destroy QP. If free_cq is called soon after destroy_qp,  IB stack
will cancel the CQ work before invoking the destroy_cq verb and
this will prevent any race mentioned.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54049 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

rpmsg: glink: Add check for kstrdup

Add check for the return value of kstrdup() and return the error
if it fails in order to avoid NULL pointer dereference.
CVE-2023-54050 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ubifs: Fix memleak when insert_old_idx() failed

Following process will cause a memleak for copied up znode:

dirty_cow_znode
  zn = copy_znode(c, znode);
  err = insert_old_idx(c, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
  if (unlikely(err))
     return ERR_PTR(err);   // No one refers to zn.

Fetch a reproducer in [Link].

Function copy_znode() is split into 2 parts: resource allocation
and znode replacement, insert_old_idx() is split in similar way,
so resource cleanup could be done in error handling path without
corrupting metadata(mem & disk).
It's okay that old index inserting is put behind of add_idx_dirt(),
old index is used in layout_leb_in_gaps(), so the two processes do
not depend on each other.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54051 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: do not allow gso_size to be set to GSO_BY_FRAGS

One missing check in virtio_net_hdr_to_skb() allowed
syzbot to crash kernels again [1]

Do not allow gso_size to be set to GSO_BY_FRAGS (0xffff),
because this magic value is used by the kernel.

[1]
general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc000000000e: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000070-0x0000000000000077]
CPU: 0 PID: 5039 Comm: syz-executor401 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc5-next-20230809-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/26/2023
RIP: 0010:skb_segment+0x1a52/0x3ef0 net/core/skbuff.c:4500
Code: 00 00 00 e9 ab eb ff ff e8 6b 96 5d f9 48 8b 84 24 00 01 00 00 48 8d 78 70 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 89 fa 48 c1 ea 03 <0f> b6 04 02 84 c0 74 08 3c 03 0f 8e ea 21 00 00 48 8b 84 24 00 01
RSP: 0018:ffffc90003d3f1c8 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: 000000000001fffe RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 000000000000000e RSI: ffffffff882a3115 RDI: 0000000000000070
RBP: ffffc90003d3f378 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 000000000000ffff
R10: 000000000000ffff R11: 5ee4a93e456187d6 R12: 000000000001ffc6
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 0000000000000008 R15: 000000000000ffff
FS: 00005555563f2380(0000) GS:ffff8880b9800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000020020000 CR3: 000000001626d000 CR4: 00000000003506f0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<TASK>
udp6_ufo_fragment+0x9d2/0xd50 net/ipv6/udp_offload.c:109
ipv6_gso_segment+0x5c4/0x17b0 net/ipv6/ip6_offload.c:120
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x292/0x610 net/core/gso.c:53
__skb_gso_segment+0x339/0x710 net/core/gso.c:124
skb_gso_segment include/net/gso.h:83 [inline]
validate_xmit_skb+0x3a5/0xf10 net/core/dev.c:3625
__dev_queue_xmit+0x8f0/0x3d60 net/core/dev.c:4329
dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3082 [inline]
packet_xmit+0x257/0x380 net/packet/af_packet.c:276
packet_snd net/packet/af_packet.c:3087 [inline]
packet_sendmsg+0x24c7/0x5570 net/packet/af_packet.c:3119
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline]
sock_sendmsg+0xd9/0x180 net/socket.c:750
____sys_sendmsg+0x6ac/0x940 net/socket.c:2496
___sys_sendmsg+0x135/0x1d0 net/socket.c:2550
__sys_sendmsg+0x117/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2579
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x38/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
RIP: 0033:0x7ff27cdb34d9
CVE-2023-54052 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: mt76: mt7921: fix skb leak by txs missing in AMSDU

txs may be dropped if the frame is aggregated in AMSDU. When the problem
shows up, some SKBs would be hold in driver to cause network stopped
temporarily. Even if the problem can be recovered by txs timeout handling,
mt7921 still need to disable txs in AMSDU to avoid this issue.
CVE-2023-54053 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: iwlwifi: pcie: fix possible NULL pointer dereference

It is possible that iwl_pci_probe() will fail and free the trans,
then afterwards iwl_pci_remove() will be called and crash by trying
to access trans which is already freed, fix it.

iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Detected crf-id 0xa5a5a5a2, cnv-id 0xa5a5a5a2
		      wfpm id 0xa5a5a5a2
iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Can't find a correct rfid for crf id 0x5a2
...
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028
...
RIP: 0010:iwl_pci_remove+0x12/0x30 [iwlwifi]
pci_device_remove+0x3e/0xb0
device_release_driver_internal+0x103/0x1f0
driver_detach+0x4c/0x90
bus_remove_driver+0x5c/0xd0
driver_unregister+0x31/0x50
pci_unregister_driver+0x40/0x90
iwl_pci_unregister_driver+0x15/0x20 [iwlwifi]
__exit_compat+0x9/0x98 [iwlwifi]
__x64_sys_delete_module+0x147/0x260
CVE-2023-54055 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/irdma: Fix memory leak of PBLE objects

On rmmod of irdma, the PBLE object memory is not being freed. PBLE object
memory are not statically pre-allocated at function initialization time
unlike other HMC objects. PBLEs objects and the Segment Descriptors (SD)
for it can be dynamically allocated during scale up and SD's remain
allocated till function deinitialization.

Fix this leak by adding IRDMA_HMC_IW_PBLE to the iw_hmc_obj_types[] table
and skip pbles in irdma_create_hmc_obj but not in irdma_del_hmc_objects().
CVE-2023-54056 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

kheaders: Use array declaration instead of char

Under CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE, memcpy() will check the size of destination
and source buffers. Defining kernel_headers_data as "char" would trip
this check. Since these addresses are treated as byte arrays, define
them as arrays (as done everywhere else).

This was seen with:

  $ cat /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz >> /dev/null

  detected buffer overflow in memcpy
  kernel BUG at lib/string_helpers.c:1027!
  ...
  RIP: 0010:fortify_panic+0xf/0x20
  [...]
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   ikheaders_read+0x45/0x50 [kheaders]
   kernfs_fop_read_iter+0x1a4/0x2f0
  ...
CVE-2023-54057 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/amd: Add a length limitation for the ivrs_acpihid command-line parameter

The 'acpiid' buffer in the parse_ivrs_acpihid function may overflow,
because the string specifier in the format string sscanf()
has no width limitation.

Found by InfoTeCS on behalf of Linux Verification Center
(linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
CVE-2023-54058 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

firmware: arm_ffa: Check if ffa_driver remove is present before executing

Currently ffa_drv->remove() is called unconditionally from
ffa_device_remove(). Since the driver registration doesn't check for it
and allows it to be registered without .remove callback, we need to check
for the presence of it before executing it from ffa_device_remove() to
above a NULL pointer dereference like the one below:

  | Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000
  | Mem abort info:
  |   ESR = 0x0000000086000004
  |   EC = 0x21: IABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
  |   SET = 0, FnV = 0
  |   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
  |   FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault
  | user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000881cc8000
  | [0000000000000000] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000
  | Internal error: Oops: 0000000086000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
  | CPU: 3 PID: 130 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 6.3.0-rc7 #6
  | Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT)
  | pstate: 63402809 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=-c)
  | pc : 0x0
  | lr : ffa_device_remove+0x20/0x2c
  | Call trace:
  |  0x0
  |  device_release_driver_internal+0x16c/0x260
  |  driver_detach+0x90/0xd0
  |  bus_remove_driver+0xdc/0x11c
  |  driver_unregister+0x30/0x54
  |  ffa_driver_unregister+0x14/0x20
  |  cleanup_module+0x18/0xeec
  |  __arm64_sys_delete_module+0x234/0x378
  |  invoke_syscall+0x40/0x108
  |  el0_svc_common+0xb4/0xf0
  |  do_el0_svc+0x30/0xa4
  |  el0_svc+0x2c/0x7c
  |  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xf0
  |  el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x194
CVE-2023-54059 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

soc: mediatek: mtk-svs: Enable the IRQ later

If the system does not come from reset (like when is booted via
kexec()), the peripheral might triger an IRQ before the data structures
are initialised.


[    0.227710] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000f08
[    0.227913] Call trace:
[    0.227918]  svs_isr+0x8c/0x538
CVE-2023-54060 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommufd: Set end correctly when doing batch carry

Even though the test suite covers this it somehow became obscured that
this wasn't working.

The test iommufd_ioas.mock_domain.access_domain_destory would blow up
rarely.

end should be set to 1 because this just pushed an item, the carry, to the
pfns list.

Sometimes the test would blow up with:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
  CPU: 5 PID: 584 Comm: iommufd Not tainted 6.5.0-rc1-dirty #1236
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
  RIP: 0010:batch_unpin+0xa2/0x100 [iommufd]
  Code: 17 48 81 fe ff ff 07 00 77 70 48 8b 15 b7 be 97 e2 48 85 d2 74 14 48 8b 14 fa 48 85 d2 74 0b 40 0f b6 f6 48 c1 e6 04 48 01 f2 <48> 8b 3a 48 c1 e0 06 89 ca 48 89 de 48 83 e7 f0 48 01 c7 e8 96 dc
  RSP: 0018:ffffc90001677a58 EFLAGS: 00010246
  RAX: 00007f7e2646f000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000001
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000fefc4c8d RDI: 0000000000fefc4c
  RBP: ffffc90001677a80 R08: 0000000000000048 R09: 0000000000000200
  R10: 0000000000030b98 R11: ffffffff81f3bb40 R12: 0000000000000001
  R13: ffff888101f75800 R14: ffffc90001677ad0 R15: 00000000000001fe
  FS:  00007f9323679740(0000) GS:ffff8881ba540000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 0000000105ede003 CR4: 00000000003706a0
  DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
  DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   ? show_regs+0x5c/0x70
   ? __die+0x1f/0x60
   ? page_fault_oops+0x15d/0x440
   ? lock_release+0xbc/0x240
   ? exc_page_fault+0x4a4/0x970
   ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30
   ? batch_unpin+0xa2/0x100 [iommufd]
   ? batch_unpin+0xba/0x100 [iommufd]
   __iopt_area_unfill_domain+0x198/0x430 [iommufd]
   ? __mutex_lock+0x8c/0xb80
   ? __mutex_lock+0x6aa/0xb80
   ? xa_erase+0x28/0x30
   ? iopt_table_remove_domain+0x162/0x320 [iommufd]
   ? lock_release+0xbc/0x240
   iopt_area_unfill_domain+0xd/0x10 [iommufd]
   iopt_table_remove_domain+0x195/0x320 [iommufd]
   iommufd_hw_pagetable_destroy+0xb3/0x110 [iommufd]
   iommufd_object_destroy_user+0x8e/0xf0 [iommufd]
   iommufd_device_detach+0xc5/0x140 [iommufd]
   iommufd_selftest_destroy+0x1f/0x70 [iommufd]
   iommufd_object_destroy_user+0x8e/0xf0 [iommufd]
   iommufd_destroy+0x3a/0x50 [iommufd]
   iommufd_fops_ioctl+0xfb/0x170 [iommufd]
   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x40d/0x9a0
   do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54062 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix invalid free tracking in ext4_xattr_move_to_block()

In ext4_xattr_move_to_block(), the value of the extended attribute
which we need to move to an external block may be allocated by
kvmalloc() if the value is stored in an external inode.  So at the end
of the function the code tried to check if this was the case by
testing entry->e_value_inum.

However, at this point, the pointer to the xattr entry is no longer
valid, because it was removed from the original location where it had
been stored.  So we could end up calling kvfree() on a pointer which
was not allocated by kvmalloc(); or we could also potentially leak
memory by not freeing the buffer when it should be freed.  Fix this by
storing whether it should be freed in a separate variable.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54063 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fs/ntfs3: Fix OOB read in indx_insert_into_buffer

Syzbot reported a OOB read bug:

BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in indx_insert_into_buffer+0xaa3/0x13b0
fs/ntfs3/index.c:1755
Read of size 17168 at addr ffff8880255e06c0 by task syz-executor308/3630

Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 memmove+0x25/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:54
 indx_insert_into_buffer+0xaa3/0x13b0 fs/ntfs3/index.c:1755
 indx_insert_entry+0x446/0x6b0 fs/ntfs3/index.c:1863
 ntfs_create_inode+0x1d3f/0x35c0 fs/ntfs3/inode.c:1548
 ntfs_create+0x3e/0x60 fs/ntfs3/namei.c:100
 lookup_open fs/namei.c:3413 [inline]

If the member struct INDEX_BUFFER *index of struct indx_node is
incorrect, that is, the value of __le32 used is greater than the value
of __le32 total in struct INDEX_HDR. Therefore, OOB read occurs when
memmove is called in indx_insert_into_buffer().
Fix this by adding a check in hdr_find_e().
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54064 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipmi:ssif: Fix a memory leak when scanning for an adapter

The adapter scan ssif_info_find() sets info->adapter_name if the adapter
info came from SMBIOS, as it's not set in that case.  However, this
function can be called more than once, and it will leak the adapter name
if it had already been set.  So check for NULL before setting it.
CVE-2023-54065 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: dsa: realtek: fix out-of-bounds access

The probe function sets priv->chip_data to (void *)priv + sizeof(*priv)
with the expectation that priv has enough trailing space.

However, only realtek-smi actually allocated this chip_data space.
Do likewise in realtek-mdio to fix out-of-bounds accesses.

These accesses likely went unnoticed so far, because of an (unused)
buf[4096] member in struct realtek_priv, which caused kmalloc to
round up the allocated buffer to a big enough size, so nothing of
value was overwritten. With a different allocator (like in the barebox
bootloader port of the driver) or with KASAN, the memory corruption
becomes quickly apparent.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54066 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: dvb-usb-v2: gl861: Fix null-ptr-deref in gl861_i2c_master_xfer

In gl861_i2c_master_xfer, msg is controlled by user. When msg[i].buf
is null and msg[i].len is zero, former checks on msg[i].buf would be
passed. Malicious data finally reach gl861_i2c_master_xfer. If accessing
msg[i].buf[0] without sanity check, null ptr deref would happen.
We add check on msg[i].len to prevent crash.

Similar commit:
commit 0ed554fd769a
("media: dvb-usb: az6027: fix null-ptr-deref in az6027_i2c_xfer()")
CVE-2023-54068 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: compress: fix to call f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback() in f2fs_write_raw_pages()

BUG_ON() will be triggered when writing files concurrently,
because the same page is writtenback multiple times.

1597 void folio_end_writeback(struct folio *folio)
1598 {
		......
1618     if (!__folio_end_writeback(folio))
1619         BUG();
		......
1625 }

kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1619!
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 f2fs_write_end_io+0x1a0/0x370
 blk_update_request+0x6c/0x410
 blk_mq_end_request+0x15/0x130
 blk_complete_reqs+0x3c/0x50
 __do_softirq+0xb8/0x29b
 ? sort_range+0x20/0x20
 run_ksoftirqd+0x19/0x20
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x10b/0x1d0
 kthread+0xde/0x110
 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
 </TASK>

Below is the concurrency scenario:

[Process A]		[Process B]		[Process C]
f2fs_write_raw_pages()
  - redirty_page_for_writepage()
  - unlock page()
			f2fs_do_write_data_page()
			  - lock_page()
			  - clear_page_dirty_for_io()
			  - set_page_writeback() [1st writeback]
			    .....
			    - unlock page()

						generic_perform_write()
						  - f2fs_write_begin()
						    - wait_for_stable_page()

						  - f2fs_write_end()
						    - set_page_dirty()

  - lock_page()
    - f2fs_do_write_data_page()
      - set_page_writeback() [2st writeback]

This problem was introduced by the previous commit 7377e853967b ("f2fs:
compress: fix potential deadlock of compress file"). All pagelocks were
released in f2fs_write_raw_pages(), but whether the page was
in the writeback state was ignored in the subsequent writing process.
Let's fix it by waiting for the page to writeback before writing.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54069 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix BUG in ext4_mb_new_inode_pa() due to overflow

When we calculate the end position of ext4_free_extent, this position may
be exactly where ext4_lblk_t (i.e. uint) overflows. For example, if
ac_g_ex.fe_logical is 4294965248 and ac_orig_goal_len is 2048, then the
computed end is 0x100000000, which is 0. If ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical is not
the first case of adjusting the best extent, that is, new_bex_end > 0, the
following BUG_ON will be triggered:

=========================================================
kernel BUG at fs/ext4/mballoc.c:5116!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 3 PID: 673 Comm: xfs_io Tainted: G E 6.5.0-rc1+ #279
RIP: 0010:ext4_mb_new_inode_pa+0xc5/0x430
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 ext4_mb_use_best_found+0x203/0x2f0
 ext4_mb_try_best_found+0x163/0x240
 ext4_mb_regular_allocator+0x158/0x1550
 ext4_mb_new_blocks+0x86a/0xe10
 ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xb0c/0x13a0
 ext4_map_blocks+0x2cd/0x8f0
 ext4_iomap_begin+0x27b/0x400
 iomap_iter+0x222/0x3d0
 __iomap_dio_rw+0x243/0xcb0
 iomap_dio_rw+0x16/0x80
=========================================================

A simple reproducer demonstrating the problem:

	mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sda -b 4096 100M
	mount /dev/sda /tmp/test
	fallocate -l1M /tmp/test/tmp
	fallocate -l10M /tmp/test/file
	fallocate -i -o 1M -l16777203M /tmp/test/file
	fsstress -d /tmp/test -l 0 -n 100000 -p 8 &
	sleep 10 && killall -9 fsstress
	rm -f /tmp/test/tmp
	xfs_io -c "open -ad /tmp/test/file" -c "pwrite -S 0xff 0 8192"

We simply refactor the logic for adjusting the best extent by adding
a temporary ext4_free_extent ex and use extent_logical_end() to avoid
overflow, which also simplifies the code.
CVE-2023-54071 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning

The ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because
ieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling
drv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.

 Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!
 WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318
 rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0
 CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE
 Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]
 RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460
  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360
  schedule+0x5a/0xc0
  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150
  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60
  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140
  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore
  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore
  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb
  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb
  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core
  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core
  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211
  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211
  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211
  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211
  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211
  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211
  process_one_work+0x201/0x410
  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0
  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410
  kthread+0xe1/0x110
  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
  </TASK>
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54072 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ALSA: pcm: Fix potential data race at PCM memory allocation helpers

The PCM memory allocation helpers have a sanity check against too many
buffer allocations.  However, the check is performed without a proper
lock and the allocation isn't serialized; this allows user to allocate
more memories than predefined max size.

Practically seen, this isn't really a big problem, as it's more or
less some "soft limit" as a sanity check, and it's not possible to
allocate unlimitedly.  But it's still better to address this for more
consistent behavior.

The patch covers the size check in do_alloc_pages() with the
card->memory_mutex, and increases the allocated size there for
preventing the further overflow.  When the actual allocation fails,
the size is decreased accordingly.