CVE-2023-53192 (published 2025-09-15)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vxlan: Fix nexthop hash size

The nexthop code expects a 31 bit hash, such as what is returned by
fib_multipath_hash() and rt6_multipath_hash(). Passing the 32 bit hash
returned by skb_get_hash() can lead to problems related to the fact that
'int hash' is a negative number when the MSB is set.

In the case of hash threshold nexthop groups, nexthop_select_path_hthr()
will disproportionately select the first nexthop group entry. In the case
of resilient nexthop groups, nexthop_select_path_res() may do an out of
bounds access in nh_buckets[], for example:
    hash = -912054133
    num_nh_buckets = 2
    bucket_index = 65535

which leads to the following panic:

BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffc900025910c8
PGD 100000067 P4D 100000067 PUD 10026b067 PMD 0
Oops: 0002 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN NOPTI
CPU: 4 PID: 856 Comm: kworker/4:3 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc2+ #34
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.16.2-1 04/01/2014
Workqueue: ipv6_addrconf addrconf_dad_work
RIP: 0010:nexthop_select_path+0x197/0xbf0
Code: c1 e4 05 be 08 00 00 00 4c 8b 35 a4 14 7e 01 4e 8d 6c 25 00 4a 8d 7c 25 08 48 01 dd e8 c2 25 15 ff 49 8d 7d 08 e8 39 13 15 ff <4d> 89 75 08 48 89 ef e8 7d 12 15 ff 48 8b 5d 00 e8 14 55 2f 00 85
RSP: 0018:ffff88810c36f260 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000002000c0 RCX: ffffffffaf02dd77
RDX: dffffc0000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffffc900025910c8
RBP: ffffc900025910c0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffff520004b2219
R10: ffffc900025910cf R11: 31392d2068736168 R12: 00000000002000c0
R13: ffffc900025910c0 R14: 00000000fffef608 R15: ffff88811840e900
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffffc900025910c8 CR3: 0000000129d00000 CR4: 0000000000750ee0
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 ? __die+0x23/0x70
 ? page_fault_oops+0x1ee/0x5c0
 ? __pfx_is_prefetch.constprop.0+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_page_fault_oops+0x10/0x10
 ? search_bpf_extables+0xfe/0x1c0
 ? fixup_exception+0x3b/0x470
 ? exc_page_fault+0xf6/0x110
 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
 ? nexthop_select_path+0x197/0xbf0
 ? nexthop_select_path+0x197/0xbf0
 ? lock_is_held_type+0xe7/0x140
 vxlan_xmit+0x5b2/0x2340
 ? __lock_acquire+0x92b/0x3370
 ? __pfx_vxlan_xmit+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx___lock_acquire+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_register_lock_class+0x10/0x10
 ? skb_network_protocol+0xce/0x2d0
 ? dev_hard_start_xmit+0xca/0x350
 ? __pfx_vxlan_xmit+0x10/0x10
 dev_hard_start_xmit+0xca/0x350
 __dev_queue_xmit+0x513/0x1e20
 ? __pfx___dev_queue_xmit+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_lock_release+0x10/0x10
 ? mark_held_locks+0x44/0x90
 ? skb_push+0x4c/0x80
 ? eth_header+0x81/0xe0
 ? __pfx_eth_header+0x10/0x10
 ? neigh_resolve_output+0x215/0x310
 ? ip6_finish_output2+0x2ba/0xc90
 ip6_finish_output2+0x2ba/0xc90
 ? lock_release+0x236/0x3e0
 ? ip6_mtu+0xbb/0x240
 ? __pfx_ip6_finish_output2+0x10/0x10
 ? find_held_lock+0x83/0xa0
 ? lock_is_held_type+0xe7/0x140
 ip6_finish_output+0x1ee/0x780
 ip6_output+0x138/0x460
 ? __pfx_ip6_output+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx___lock_acquire+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_ip6_finish_output+0x10/0x10
 NF_HOOK.constprop.0+0xc0/0x420
 ? __pfx_NF_HOOK.constprop.0+0x10/0x10
 ? ndisc_send_skb+0x2c0/0x960
 ? __pfx_lock_release+0x10/0x10
 ? __local_bh_enable_ip+0x93/0x110
 ? lock_is_held_type+0xe7/0x140
 ndisc_send_skb+0x4be/0x960
 ? __pfx_ndisc_send_skb+0x10/0x10
 ? mark_held_locks+0x65/0x90
 ? find_held_lock+0x83/0xa0
 ndisc_send_ns+0xb0/0x110
 ? __pfx_ndisc_send_ns+0x10/0x10
 addrconf_dad_work+0x631/0x8e0
 ? lock_acquire+0x180/0x3f0
 ? __pfx_addrconf_dad_work+0x10/0x10
 ? mark_held_locks+0x24/0x90
 process_one_work+0x582/0x9c0
 ? __pfx_process_one_work+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10
 ? mark_held_locks+0x24/0x90
 worker_thread+0x93/0x630
 ? __kthread_parkme+0xdc/0x100
 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
 kthread+0x1a5/0x1e0
 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
 ret_from_fork+0x34/0x60
 
---truncated---
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Weakness: CWE-129
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel