CVE-2023-53556 (published 2025-10-04)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iavf: Fix use-after-free in free_netdev

We do netif_napi_add() for all allocated q_vectors[], but potentially
do netif_napi_del() for part of them, then kfree q_vectors and leave
invalid pointers at dev->napi_list.

Reproducer:

  [root@host ~]# cat repro.sh
  #!/bin/bash

  pf_dbsf="0000:41:00.0"
  vf0_dbsf="0000:41:02.0"
  g_pids=()

  function do_set_numvf()
  {
      echo 2 >/sys/bus/pci/devices/${pf_dbsf}/sriov_numvfs
      sleep $((RANDOM%3+1))
      echo 0 >/sys/bus/pci/devices/${pf_dbsf}/sriov_numvfs
      sleep $((RANDOM%3+1))
  }

  function do_set_channel()
  {
      local nic=$(ls -1 --indicator-style=none /sys/bus/pci/devices/${vf0_dbsf}/net/)
      [ -z "$nic" ] && { sleep $((RANDOM%3)) ; return 1; }
      ifconfig $nic 192.168.18.5 netmask 255.255.255.0
      ifconfig $nic up
      ethtool -L $nic combined 1
      ethtool -L $nic combined 4
      sleep $((RANDOM%3))
  }

  function on_exit()
  {
      local pid
      for pid in "${g_pids[@]}"; do
          kill -0 "$pid" &>/dev/null && kill "$pid" &>/dev/null
      done
      g_pids=()
  }

  trap "on_exit; exit" EXIT

  while :; do do_set_numvf ; done &
  g_pids+=($!)
  while :; do do_set_channel ; done &
  g_pids+=($!)

  wait

Result:

[ 4093.900222] ==================================================================
[ 4093.900230] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in free_netdev+0x308/0x390
[ 4093.900232] Read of size 8 at addr ffff88b4dc145640 by task repro.sh/6699
[ 4093.900233]
[ 4093.900236] CPU: 10 PID: 6699 Comm: repro.sh Kdump: loaded Tainted: G           O     --------- -t - 4.18.0 #1
[ 4093.900238] Hardware name: Powerleader PR2008AL/H12DSi-N6, BIOS 2.0 04/09/2021
[ 4093.900239] Call Trace:
[ 4093.900244]  dump_stack+0x71/0xab
[ 4093.900249]  print_address_description+0x6b/0x290
[ 4093.900251]  ? free_netdev+0x308/0x390
[ 4093.900252]  kasan_report+0x14a/0x2b0
[ 4093.900254]  free_netdev+0x308/0x390
[ 4093.900261]  iavf_remove+0x825/0xd20 [iavf]
[ 4093.900265]  pci_device_remove+0xa8/0x1f0
[ 4093.900268]  device_release_driver_internal+0x1c6/0x460
[ 4093.900271]  pci_stop_bus_device+0x101/0x150
[ 4093.900273]  pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device+0xe/0x20
[ 4093.900275]  pci_iov_remove_virtfn+0x187/0x420
[ 4093.900277]  ? pci_iov_add_virtfn+0xe10/0xe10
[ 4093.900278]  ? pci_get_subsys+0x90/0x90
[ 4093.900280]  sriov_disable+0xed/0x3e0
[ 4093.900282]  ? bus_find_device+0x12d/0x1a0
[ 4093.900290]  i40e_free_vfs+0x754/0x1210 [i40e]
[ 4093.900298]  ? i40e_reset_all_vfs+0x880/0x880 [i40e]
[ 4093.900299]  ? pci_get_device+0x7c/0x90
[ 4093.900300]  ? pci_get_subsys+0x90/0x90
[ 4093.900306]  ? pci_vfs_assigned.part.7+0x144/0x210
[ 4093.900309]  ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x10/0x10
[ 4093.900315]  i40e_pci_sriov_configure+0x1fa/0x2e0 [i40e]
[ 4093.900318]  sriov_numvfs_store+0x214/0x290
[ 4093.900320]  ? sriov_totalvfs_show+0x30/0x30
[ 4093.900321]  ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x10/0x10
[ 4093.900323]  ? __check_object_size+0x15a/0x350
[ 4093.900326]  kernfs_fop_write+0x280/0x3f0
[ 4093.900329]  vfs_write+0x145/0x440
[ 4093.900330]  ksys_write+0xab/0x160
[ 4093.900332]  ? __ia32_sys_read+0xb0/0xb0
[ 4093.900334]  ? fput_many+0x1a/0x120
[ 4093.900335]  ? filp_close+0xf0/0x130
[ 4093.900338]  do_syscall_64+0xa0/0x370
[ 4093.900339]  ? page_fault+0x8/0x30
[ 4093.900341]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x65/0xca
[ 4093.900357] RIP: 0033:0x7f16ad4d22c0
[ 4093.900359] Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d d8 cb 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 83 3d 89 24 2d 00 00 75 10 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 31 c3 48 83 ec 08 e8 fe dd 01 00 48 89 04 24
[ 4093.900360] RSP: 002b:00007ffd6491b7f8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[ 4093.900362] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 00007f16ad4d22c0
[ 4093.900363] RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: 0000000001a41408 RDI: 0000000000000001
[ 4093.900364] RBP: 0000000001a41408 R08: 00007f16ad7a1780 R09: 00007f16ae1f2700
[ 4093.9003
---truncated---
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Weakness: CWE-416
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel