alirezaaminzadeh/cve-riskrank huggingface dataset:
CVE-2023-54126 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

crypto: safexcel - Cleanup ring IRQ workqueues on load failure

A failure loading the safexcel driver results in the following warning
on boot, because the IRQ affinity has not been correctly cleaned up.
Ensure we clean up the affinity and workqueues on a failure to load the
driver.

crypto-safexcel: probe of f2800000.crypto failed with error -2
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 232 at kernel/irq/manage.c:1913 free_irq+0x300/0x340
Modules linked in: hwmon mdio_i2c crypto_safexcel(+) md5 sha256_generic libsha256 authenc libdes omap_rng rng_core nft_masq nft_nat nft_chain_nat nf_nat nft_ct nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_tables libcrc32c nfnetlink fuse autofs4
CPU: 1 PID: 232 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G        W          6.1.6-00002-g9d4898824677 #3
Hardware name: MikroTik RB5009 (DT)
pstate: 600000c5 (nZCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : free_irq+0x300/0x340
lr : free_irq+0x2e0/0x340
sp : ffff800008fa3890
x29: ffff800008fa3890 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000
x26: ffff8000008e6dc0 x25: ffff000009034cac x24: ffff000009034d50
x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 000000000000004a x21: ffff0000093e0d80
x20: ffff000009034c00 x19: ffff00000615fc00 x18: 0000000000000000
x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 000075f5c1584c5e
x14: 0000000000000017 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000040
x11: ffff000000579b60 x10: ffff000000579b62 x9 : ffff800008bbe370
x8 : ffff000000579dd0 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffff000000579e18
x5 : ffff000000579da8 x4 : ffff800008ca0000 x3 : ffff800008ca0188
x2 : 0000000013033204 x1 : ffff000009034c00 x0 : ffff8000087eadf0
Call trace:
 free_irq+0x300/0x340
 devm_irq_release+0x14/0x20
 devres_release_all+0xa0/0x100
 device_unbind_cleanup+0x14/0x60
 really_probe+0x198/0x2d4
 __driver_probe_device+0x74/0xdc
 driver_probe_device+0x3c/0x110
 __driver_attach+0x8c/0x190
 bus_for_each_dev+0x6c/0xc0
 driver_attach+0x20/0x30
 bus_add_driver+0x148/0x1fc
 driver_register+0x74/0x120
 __platform_driver_register+0x24/0x30
 safexcel_init+0x48/0x1000 [crypto_safexcel]
 do_one_initcall+0x4c/0x1b0
 do_init_module+0x44/0x1cc
 load_module+0x1724/0x1be4
 __do_sys_finit_module+0xbc/0x110
 __arm64_sys_finit_module+0x1c/0x24
 invoke_syscall+0x44/0x110
 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0
 do_el0_svc+0x20/0x80
 el0_svc+0x14/0x4c
 el0t_64_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb4
 el0t_64_sync+0x148/0x14c
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
CVE-2023-54128 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fs: drop peer group ids under namespace lock

When cleaning up peer group ids in the failure path we need to make sure
to hold on to the namespace lock. Otherwise another thread might just
turn the mount from a shared into a non-shared mount concurrently.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54129 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

octeontx2-af: Add validation for lmac type

Upon physical link change, firmware reports to the kernel about the
change along with the details like speed, lmac_type_id, etc.
Kernel derives lmac_type based on lmac_type_id received from firmware.

In a few scenarios, firmware returns an invalid lmac_type_id, which
is resulting in below kernel panic. This patch adds the missing
validation of the lmac_type_id field.

Internal error: Oops: 96000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[   35.321595] Modules linked in:
[   35.328982] CPU: 0 PID: 31 Comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted
5.4.210-g2e3169d8e1bc-dirty #17
[   35.337014] Hardware name: Marvell CN103XX board (DT)
[   35.344297] Workqueue: events work_for_cpu_fn
[   35.352730] pstate: 40400089 (nZcv daIf +PAN -UAO)
[   35.360267] pc : strncpy+0x10/0x30
[   35.366595] lr : cgx_link_change_handler+0x90/0x180
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H)
CVE-2023-54130 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

hfs/hfsplus: avoid WARN_ON() for sanity check, use proper error handling

Commit 55d1cbbbb29e ("hfs/hfsplus: use WARN_ON for sanity check") fixed
a build warning by turning a comment into a WARN_ON(), but it turns out
that syzbot then complains because it can trigger said warning with a
corrupted hfs image.

The warning actually does warn about a bad situation, but we are much
better off just handling it as the error it is.  So rather than warn
about us doing bad things, stop doing the bad things and return -EIO.

While at it, also fix a memory leak that was introduced by an earlier
fix for a similar syzbot warning situation, and add a check for one case
that historically wasn't handled at all (ie neither comment nor
subsequent WARN_ON).
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54131 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: rt2x00: Fix memory leak when handling surveys

When removing a rt2x00 device, its associated channel surveys
are not freed, causing a memory leak observable with kmemleak:

unreferenced object 0xffff9620f0881a00 (size 512):
  comm "systemd-udevd", pid 2290, jiffies 4294906974 (age 33.768s)
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    70 44 12 00 00 00 00 00 92 8a 00 00 00 00 00 00  pD..............
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ab 87 01 00 00 00 00 00  ................
  backtrace:
    [<ffffffffb0ed858b>] __kmalloc+0x4b/0x130
    [<ffffffffc1b0f29b>] rt2800_probe_hw+0xc2b/0x1380 [rt2800lib]
    [<ffffffffc1a9496e>] rt2800usb_probe_hw+0xe/0x60 [rt2800usb]
    [<ffffffffc1ae491a>] rt2x00lib_probe_dev+0x21a/0x7d0 [rt2x00lib]
    [<ffffffffc1b3b83e>] rt2x00usb_probe+0x1be/0x980 [rt2x00usb]
    [<ffffffffc05981e2>] usb_probe_interface+0xe2/0x310 [usbcore]
    [<ffffffffb13be2d5>] really_probe+0x1a5/0x410
    [<ffffffffb13be5c8>] __driver_probe_device+0x78/0x180
    [<ffffffffb13be6fe>] driver_probe_device+0x1e/0x90
    [<ffffffffb13be972>] __driver_attach+0xd2/0x1c0
    [<ffffffffb13bbc57>] bus_for_each_dev+0x77/0xd0
    [<ffffffffb13bd2a2>] bus_add_driver+0x112/0x210
    [<ffffffffb13bfc6c>] driver_register+0x5c/0x120
    [<ffffffffc0596ae8>] usb_register_driver+0x88/0x150 [usbcore]
    [<ffffffffb0c011c4>] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x220
    [<ffffffffb0d6134c>] do_init_module+0x4c/0x220

Fix this by freeing the channel surveys on device removal.

Tested with a RT3070 based USB wireless adapter.
CVE-2023-54132 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

erofs: stop parsing non-compact HEAD index if clusterofs is invalid

Syzbot generated a crafted image [1] with a non-compact HEAD index of
clusterofs 33024 while valid numbers should be 0 ~ lclustersize-1,
which causes the following unexpected behavior as below:

 BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffff52101a3fff9
 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
 #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
 PGD 23ffed067 P4D 23ffed067 PUD 0
 Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
 CPU: 1 PID: 4398 Comm: kworker/u5:1 Not tainted 6.3.0-rc6-syzkaller-g09a9639e56c0 #0
 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 03/30/2023
 Workqueue: erofs_worker z_erofs_decompressqueue_work
 RIP: 0010:z_erofs_decompress_queue+0xb7e/0x2b40
 ...
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  z_erofs_decompressqueue_work+0x99/0xe0
  process_one_work+0x8f6/0x1170
  worker_thread+0xa63/0x1210
  kthread+0x270/0x300
  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30

Note that normal images or images using compact indexes are not
impacted.  Let's fix this now.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/000000000000ec75b005ee97fbaa@google.com
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54133 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nfp: clean mc addresses in application firmware when closing port

When moving devices from one namespace to another, mc addresses are
cleaned in software while not removed from application firmware. Thus
the mc addresses are remained and will cause resource leak.

Now use `__dev_mc_unsync` to clean mc addresses when closing port.
CVE-2023-54135 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

maple_tree: fix potential out-of-bounds access in mas_wr_end_piv()

Check the write offset end bounds before using it as the offset into the
pivot array.  This avoids a possible out-of-bounds access on the pivot
array if the write extends to the last slot in the node, in which case the
node maximum should be used as the end pivot.

akpm: this doesn't affect any current callers, but new users of mapletree
may encounter this problem if backported into earlier kernels, so let's
fix it in -stable kernels in case of this.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54136 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

serial: sprd: Fix DMA buffer leak issue

Release DMA buffer when _probe() returns failure to avoid memory leak.
CVE-2023-54137 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vfio/type1: fix cap_migration information leak

Fix an information leak where an uninitialized hole in struct
vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration on the stack is exposed to userspace.

The definition of struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration contains a hole as
shown in this pahole(1) output:

  struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration {
          struct vfio_info_cap_header header;              /*     0     8 */
          __u32                      flags;                /*     8     4 */

          /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */

          __u64                      pgsize_bitmap;        /*    16     8 */
          __u64                      max_dirty_bitmap_size; /*    24     8 */

          /* size: 32, cachelines: 1, members: 4 */
          /* sum members: 28, holes: 1, sum holes: 4 */
          /* last cacheline: 32 bytes */
  };

The cap_mig variable is filled in without initializing the hole:

  static int vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
                         struct vfio_info_cap *caps)
  {
      struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration cap_mig;

      cap_mig.header.id = VFIO_IOMMU_TYPE1_INFO_CAP_MIGRATION;
      cap_mig.header.version = 1;

      cap_mig.flags = 0;
      /* support minimum pgsize */
      cap_mig.pgsize_bitmap = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
      cap_mig.max_dirty_bitmap_size = DIRTY_BITMAP_SIZE_MAX;

      return vfio_info_add_capability(caps, &cap_mig.header, sizeof(cap_mig));
  }

The structure is then copied to a temporary location on the heap. At this point
it's already too late and ioctl(VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO) copies it to userspace
later:

  int vfio_info_add_capability(struct vfio_info_cap *caps,
                   struct vfio_info_cap_header *cap, size_t size)
  {
      struct vfio_info_cap_header *header;

      header = vfio_info_cap_add(caps, size, cap->id, cap->version);
      if (IS_ERR(header))
          return PTR_ERR(header);

      memcpy(header + 1, cap + 1, size - sizeof(*header));

      return 0;
  }

This issue was found by code inspection.
CVE-2023-54138 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/msm: fix NULL-deref on irq uninstall

In case of early initialisation errors and on platforms that do not use
the DPU controller, the deinitilisation code can be called with the kms
pointer set to NULL.

Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/525104/
CVE-2023-54139 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing/user_events: Ensure write index cannot be negative

The write index indicates which event the data is for and accesses a
per-file array. The index is passed by user processes during write()
calls as the first 4 bytes. Ensure that it cannot be negative by
returning -EINVAL to prevent out of bounds accesses.

Update ftrace self-test to ensure this occurs properly.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54140 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: fix WARNING in mark_buffer_dirty due to discarded buffer reuse

A syzbot stress test using a corrupted disk image reported that
mark_buffer_dirty() called from __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() or
nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry() may output a kernel warning, and can
panic if the kernel is booted with panic_on_warn.

This is because nilfs2 keeps buffer pointers in local structures for some
metadata and reuses them, but such buffers may be forcibly discarded by
nilfs_clear_dirty_page() in some critical situations.

This issue is reported to appear after commit 28a65b49eb53 ("nilfs2: do
not write dirty data after degenerating to read-only"), but the issue has
potentially existed before.

Fix this issue by checking the uptodate flag when attempting to reuse an
internally held buffer, and reloading the metadata instead of reusing the
buffer if the flag was lost.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54141 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: ath11k: Add missing hw_ops->get_ring_selector() for IPQ5018

During sending data after clients connected, hw_ops->get_ring_selector()
will be called. But for IPQ5018, this member isn't set, and the
following NULL pointer exception will be occurred:

	[   38.840478] 8<--- cut here ---
	[   38.840517] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000
	...
	[   38.923161] PC is at 0x0
	[   38.927930] LR is at ath11k_dp_tx+0x70/0x730 [ath11k]
	...
	[   39.063264] Process hostapd (pid: 1034, stack limit = 0x801ceb3d)
	[   39.068994] Stack: (0x856a9a68 to 0x856aa000)
	...
	[   39.438467] [<7f323804>] (ath11k_dp_tx [ath11k]) from [<7f314e6c>] (ath11k_mac_op_tx+0x80/0x190 [ath11k])
	[   39.446607] [<7f314e6c>] (ath11k_mac_op_tx [ath11k]) from [<7f17dbe0>] (ieee80211_handle_wake_tx_queue+0x7c/0xc0 [mac80211])
	[   39.456162] [<7f17dbe0>] (ieee80211_handle_wake_tx_queue [mac80211]) from [<7f174450>] (ieee80211_probereq_get+0x584/0x704 [mac80211])
	[   39.467443] [<7f174450>] (ieee80211_probereq_get [mac80211]) from [<7f178c40>] (ieee80211_tx_prepare_skb+0x1f8/0x248 [mac80211])
	[   39.479334] [<7f178c40>] (ieee80211_tx_prepare_skb [mac80211]) from [<7f179e28>] (__ieee80211_subif_start_xmit+0x32c/0x3d4 [mac80211])
	[   39.491053] [<7f179e28>] (__ieee80211_subif_start_xmit [mac80211]) from [<7f17af08>] (ieee80211_tx_control_port+0x19c/0x288 [mac80211])
	[   39.502946] [<7f17af08>] (ieee80211_tx_control_port [mac80211]) from [<7f0fc704>] (nl80211_tx_control_port+0x174/0x1d4 [cfg80211])
	[   39.515017] [<7f0fc704>] (nl80211_tx_control_port [cfg80211]) from [<808ceac4>] (genl_rcv_msg+0x154/0x340)
	[   39.526814] [<808ceac4>] (genl_rcv_msg) from [<808cdb74>] (netlink_rcv_skb+0xb8/0x11c)
	[   39.536446] [<808cdb74>] (netlink_rcv_skb) from [<808ce1d0>] (genl_rcv+0x28/0x34)
	[   39.544344] [<808ce1d0>] (genl_rcv) from [<808cd234>] (netlink_unicast+0x174/0x274)
	[   39.551895] [<808cd234>] (netlink_unicast) from [<808cd510>] (netlink_sendmsg+0x1dc/0x440)
	[   39.559362] [<808cd510>] (netlink_sendmsg) from [<808596e0>] (____sys_sendmsg+0x1a8/0x1fc)
	[   39.567697] [<808596e0>] (____sys_sendmsg) from [<8085b1a8>] (___sys_sendmsg+0xa4/0xdc)
	[   39.575941] [<8085b1a8>] (___sys_sendmsg) from [<8085b310>] (sys_sendmsg+0x44/0x74)
	[   39.583841] [<8085b310>] (sys_sendmsg) from [<80300060>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x40)
	...
	[   39.620734] Code: bad PC value
	[   39.625869] ---[ end trace 8aef983ad3cbc032 ]---
CVE-2023-54143 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: mediatek: vcodec: fix resource leaks in vdec_msg_queue_init()

If we encounter any error in the vdec_msg_queue_init() then we need
to set "msg_queue->wdma_addr.size = 0;".  Normally, this is done
inside the vdec_msg_queue_deinit() function.  However, if the
first call to allocate &msg_queue->wdma_addr fails, then the
vdec_msg_queue_deinit() function is a no-op.  For that situation, just
set the size to zero explicitly and return.

There were two other error paths which did not clean up before returning.
Change those error paths to goto mem_alloc_err.
CVE-2023-54144 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amdkfd: Fix kernel warning during topology setup

This patch fixes the following kernel warning seen during
driver load by correctly initializing the p2plink attr before
creating the sysfs file:

[  +0.002865] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[  +0.002327] kobject: '(null)' (0000000056260cfb): is not initialized, yet kobject_put() is being called.
[  +0.004780] WARNING: CPU: 32 PID: 1006 at lib/kobject.c:718 kobject_put+0xaa/0x1c0
[  +0.001361] Call Trace:
[  +0.001234]  <TASK>
[  +0.001067]  kfd_remove_sysfs_node_entry+0x24a/0x2d0 [amdgpu]
[  +0.003147]  kfd_topology_update_sysfs+0x3d/0x750 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002890]  kfd_topology_add_device+0xbd7/0xc70 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002844]  ? lock_release+0x13c/0x2e0
[  +0.001936]  ? smu_cmn_send_smc_msg_with_param+0x1e8/0x2d0 [amdgpu]
[  +0.003313]  ? amdgpu_dpm_get_mclk+0x54/0x60 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002703]  kgd2kfd_device_init.cold+0x39f/0x4ed [amdgpu]
[  +0.002930]  amdgpu_amdkfd_device_init+0x13d/0x1f0 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002944]  amdgpu_device_init.cold+0x1464/0x17b4 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002970]  ? pci_bus_read_config_word+0x43/0x80
[  +0.002380]  amdgpu_driver_load_kms+0x15/0x100 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002744]  amdgpu_pci_probe+0x147/0x370 [amdgpu]
[  +0.002522]  local_pci_probe+0x40/0x80
[  +0.001896]  work_for_cpu_fn+0x10/0x20
[  +0.001892]  process_one_work+0x26e/0x5a0
[  +0.002029]  worker_thread+0x1fd/0x3e0
[  +0.001890]  ? process_one_work+0x5a0/0x5a0
[  +0.002115]  kthread+0xea/0x110
[  +0.001618]  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
[  +0.002422]  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
[  +0.001808]  </TASK>
[  +0.001103] irq event stamp: 59837
[  +0.001718] hardirqs last  enabled at (59849): [<ffffffffb30fab12>] __up_console_sem+0x52/0x60
[  +0.004414] hardirqs last disabled at (59860): [<ffffffffb30faaf7>] __up_console_sem+0x37/0x60
[  +0.004414] softirqs last  enabled at (59654): [<ffffffffb307d9c7>] irq_exit_rcu+0xd7/0x130
[  +0.004205] softirqs last disabled at (59649): [<ffffffffb307d9c7>] irq_exit_rcu+0xd7/0x130
[  +0.004203] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
CVE-2023-54145 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: drop unnecessary user-triggerable WARN_ONCE in verifierl log

It's trivial for user to trigger "verifier log line truncated" warning,
as verifier has a fixed-sized buffer of 1024 bytes (as of now), and there are at
least two pieces of user-provided information that can be output through
this buffer, and both can be arbitrarily sized by user:
  - BTF names;
  - BTF.ext source code lines strings.

Verifier log buffer should be properly sized for typical verifier state
output. But it's sort-of expected that this buffer won't be long enough
in some circumstances. So let's drop the check. In any case code will
work correctly, at worst truncating a part of a single line output.
CVE-2023-54146 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/kexec: Fix double-free of elf header buffer

After

  b3e34a47f989 ("x86/kexec: fix memory leak of elf header buffer"),

freeing image->elf_headers in the error path of crash_load_segments()
is not needed because kimage_file_post_load_cleanup() will take
care of that later. And not clearing it could result in a double-free.

Drop the superfluous vfree() call at the error path of
crash_load_segments().
CVE-2023-54147 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: platform: mtk-mdp3: Add missing check and free for ida_alloc

Add the check for the return value of the ida_alloc in order to avoid
NULL pointer dereference.
Moreover, free allocated "ctx->id" if mdp_m2m_open fails later in order
to avoid memory leak.
CVE-2023-54149 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: dsa: avoid suspicious RCU usage for synced VLAN-aware MAC addresses

When using the felix driver (the only one which supports UC filtering
and MC filtering) as a DSA master for a random other DSA switch, one can
see the following stack trace when the downstream switch ports join a
VLAN-aware bridge:

=============================
WARNING: suspicious RCU usage
-----------------------------
net/8021q/vlan_core.c:238 suspicious rcu_dereference_protected() usage!

stack backtrace:
Workqueue: dsa_ordered dsa_slave_switchdev_event_work
Call trace:
 lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x170/0x210
 vlan_for_each+0x8c/0x188
 dsa_slave_sync_uc+0x128/0x178
 __hw_addr_sync_dev+0x138/0x158
 dsa_slave_set_rx_mode+0x58/0x70
 __dev_set_rx_mode+0x88/0xa8
 dev_uc_add+0x74/0xa0
 dsa_port_bridge_host_fdb_add+0xec/0x180
 dsa_slave_switchdev_event_work+0x7c/0x1c8
 process_one_work+0x290/0x568

What it's saying is that vlan_for_each() expects rtnl_lock() context and
it's not getting it, when it's called from the DSA master's ndo_set_rx_mode().

The caller of that - dsa_slave_set_rx_mode() - is the slave DSA
interface's dsa_port_bridge_host_fdb_add() which comes from the deferred
dsa_slave_switchdev_event_work().

We went to great lengths to avoid the rtnl_lock() context in that call
path in commit 0faf890fc519 ("net: dsa: drop rtnl_lock from
dsa_slave_switchdev_event_work"), and calling rtnl_lock() is simply not
an option due to the possibility of deadlocking when calling
dsa_flush_workqueue() from the call paths that do hold rtnl_lock() -
basically all of them.

So, when the DSA master calls vlan_for_each() from its ndo_set_rx_mode(),
the state of the 8021q driver on this device is really not protected
from concurrent access by anything.

Looking at net/8021q/, I don't think that vlan_info->vid_list was
particularly designed with RCU traversal in mind, so introducing an RCU
read-side form of vlan_for_each() - vlan_for_each_rcu() - won't be so
easy, and it also wouldn't be exactly what we need anyway.

In general I believe that the solution isn't in net/8021q/ anyway;
vlan_for_each() is not cut out for this task. DSA doesn't need rtnl_lock()
to be held per se - since it's not a netdev state change that we're
blocking, but rather, just concurrent additions/removals to a VLAN list.
We don't even need sleepable context - the callback of vlan_for_each()
just schedules deferred work.

The proposed escape is to remove the dependency on vlan_for_each() and
to open-code a non-sleepable, rtnl-free alternative to that, based on
copies of the VLAN list modified from .ndo_vlan_rx_add_vid() and
.ndo_vlan_rx_kill_vid().
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54150 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amd: Fix an out of bounds error in BIOS parser

The array is hardcoded to 8 in atomfirmware.h, but firmware provides
a bigger one sometimes. Deferencing the larger array causes an out
of bounds error.

commit 4fc1ba4aa589 ("drm/amd/display: fix array index out of bound error
in bios parser") fixed some of this, but there are two other cases
not covered by it.  Fix those as well.
CVE-2023-54151 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: Fix system crash due to lack of free space in LFS

When f2fs tries to checkpoint during foreground gc in LFS mode, system
crash occurs due to lack of free space if the amount of dirty node and
dentry pages generated by data migration exceeds free space.
The reproduction sequence is as follows.

 - 20GiB capacity block device (null_blk)
 - format and mount with LFS mode
 - create a file and write 20,000MiB
 - 4k random write on full range of the file

 RIP: 0010:new_curseg+0x48a/0x510 [f2fs]
 Code: 55 e7 f5 89 c0 48 0f af c3 48 8b 5d c0 48 c1 e8 20 83 c0 01 89 43 6c 48 83 c4 28 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3 cc cc cc cc <0f> 0b f0 41 80 4f 48 04 45 85 f6 0f 84 ba fd ff ff e9 ef fe ff ff
 RSP: 0018:ffff977bc397b218 EFLAGS: 00010246
 RAX: 00000000000027b9 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00000000000027c0
 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000000027b9 RDI: ffff8c25ab4e74f8
 RBP: ffff977bc397b268 R08: 00000000000027b9 R09: ffff8c29e4a34b40
 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: ffff977bc397b0d8 R12: 0000000000000000
 R13: ffff8c25b4dd81a0 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff8c2f667f9000
 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8c344ec80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
 CR2: 000000c00055d000 CR3: 0000000e30810003 CR4: 00000000003706e0
 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
 Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 allocate_segment_by_default+0x9c/0x110 [f2fs]
 f2fs_allocate_data_block+0x243/0xa30 [f2fs]
 ? __mod_lruvec_page_state+0xa0/0x150
 do_write_page+0x80/0x160 [f2fs]
 f2fs_do_write_node_page+0x32/0x50 [f2fs]
 __write_node_page+0x339/0x730 [f2fs]
 f2fs_sync_node_pages+0x5a6/0x780 [f2fs]
 block_operations+0x257/0x340 [f2fs]
 f2fs_write_checkpoint+0x102/0x1050 [f2fs]
 f2fs_gc+0x27c/0x630 [f2fs]
 ? folio_mark_dirty+0x36/0x70
 f2fs_balance_fs+0x16f/0x180 [f2fs]

This patch adds checking whether free sections are enough before checkpoint
during gc.

[Jaegeuk Kim: code clean-up]
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54152 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

can: j1939: prevent deadlock by moving j1939_sk_errqueue()

This commit addresses a deadlock situation that can occur in certain
scenarios, such as when running data TP/ETP transfer and subscribing to
the error queue while receiving a net down event. The deadlock involves
locks in the following order:

3
  j1939_session_list_lock ->  active_session_list_lock
  j1939_session_activate
  ...
  j1939_sk_queue_activate_next -> sk_session_queue_lock
  ...
  j1939_xtp_rx_eoma_one

2
  j1939_sk_queue_drop_all  ->  sk_session_queue_lock
  ...
  j1939_sk_netdev_event_netdown -> j1939_socks_lock
  j1939_netdev_notify

1
  j1939_sk_errqueue -> j1939_socks_lock
  __j1939_session_cancel -> active_session_list_lock
  j1939_tp_rxtimer

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(&priv->active_session_list_lock);
                               lock(&jsk->sk_session_queue_lock);
                               lock(&priv->active_session_list_lock);
  lock(&priv->j1939_socks_lock);

The solution implemented in this commit is to move the
j1939_sk_errqueue() call out of the active_session_list_lock context,
thus preventing the deadlock situation.
CVE-2023-54153 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: turn quotas off if mount failed after enabling quotas

Yi found during a review of the patch "ext4: don't BUG on inconsistent
journal feature" that when ext4_mark_recovery_complete() returns an error
value, the error handling path does not turn off the enabled quotas,
which triggers the following kmemleak:

================================================================
unreferenced object 0xffff8cf68678e7c0 (size 64):
comm "mount", pid 746, jiffies 4294871231 (age 11.540s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
00 90 ef 82 f6 8c ff ff 00 00 00 00 41 01 00 00  ............A...
c7 00 00 00 bd 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 48 00 00 00  ............H...
backtrace:
[<00000000c561ef24>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x4d4/0x880
[<00000000d4e621d7>] kmalloc_trace+0x39/0x140
[<00000000837eee74>] v2_read_file_info+0x18a/0x3a0
[<0000000088f6c877>] dquot_load_quota_sb+0x2ed/0x770
[<00000000340a4782>] dquot_load_quota_inode+0xc6/0x1c0
[<0000000089a18bd5>] ext4_enable_quotas+0x17e/0x3a0 [ext4]
[<000000003a0268fa>] __ext4_fill_super+0x3448/0x3910 [ext4]
[<00000000b0f2a8a8>] ext4_fill_super+0x13d/0x340 [ext4]
[<000000004a9489c4>] get_tree_bdev+0x1dc/0x370
[<000000006e723bf1>] ext4_get_tree+0x1d/0x30 [ext4]
[<00000000c7cb663d>] vfs_get_tree+0x31/0x160
[<00000000320e1bed>] do_new_mount+0x1d5/0x480
[<00000000c074654c>] path_mount+0x22e/0xbe0
[<0000000003e97a8e>] do_mount+0x95/0xc0
[<000000002f3d3736>] __x64_sys_mount+0xc4/0x160
[<0000000027d2140c>] do_syscall_64+0x3f/0x90
================================================================

To solve this problem, we add a "failed_mount10" tag, and call
ext4_quota_off_umount() in this tag to release the enabled qoutas.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54154 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: target: core: Fix target_cmd_counter leak

The target_cmd_counter struct allocated via target_alloc_cmd_counter() is
never freed, resulting in leaks across various transport types, e.g.:

 unreferenced object 0xffff88801f920120 (size 96):
  comm "sh", pid 102, jiffies 4294892535 (age 713.412s)
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 38 01 92 1f 80 88 ff ff  ........8.......
  backtrace:
    [<00000000e58a6252>] kmalloc_trace+0x11/0x20
    [<0000000043af4b2f>] target_alloc_cmd_counter+0x17/0x90 [target_core_mod]
    [<000000007da2dfa7>] target_setup_session+0x2d/0x140 [target_core_mod]
    [<0000000068feef86>] tcm_loop_tpg_nexus_store+0x19b/0x350 [tcm_loop]
    [<000000006a80e021>] configfs_write_iter+0xb1/0x120
    [<00000000e9f4d860>] vfs_write+0x2e4/0x3c0
    [<000000008143433b>] ksys_write+0x80/0xb0
    [<00000000a7df29b2>] do_syscall_64+0x42/0x90
    [<0000000053f45fb8>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8

Free the structure alongside the corresponding iscsit_conn / se_sess
parent.
CVE-2023-54155 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: core: remove unnecessary frame_sz check in bpf_xdp_adjust_tail()

Syzkaller reported the following issue:
=======================================
Too BIG xdp->frame_sz = 131072
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5020 at net/core/filter.c:4121
  ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4121 [inline]
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5020 at net/core/filter.c:4121
  bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x466/0xa10 net/core/filter.c:4103
...
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 bpf_prog_4add87e5301a4105+0x1a/0x1c
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:600 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/linux/filter.h:775 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x57e/0x11e0 net/core/dev.c:4721
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:4807 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x35c/0x770 net/core/dev.c:4866
 tun_get_user+0x2340/0x3ca0 drivers/net/tun.c:1919
 tun_chr_write_iter+0xe8/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:2043
 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:1871 [inline]
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x650/0xe40 fs/read_write.c:584
 ksys_write+0x12f/0x250 fs/read_write.c:637
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x38/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd

xdp->frame_sz > PAGE_SIZE check was introduced in commit c8741e2bfe87
("xdp: Allow bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() to grow packet size"). But Jesper
Dangaard Brouer <jbrouer@redhat.com> noted that after introducing the
xdp_init_buff() which all XDP driver use - it's safe to remove this
check. The original intend was to catch cases where XDP drivers have
not been updated to use xdp.frame_sz, but that is not longer a concern
(since xdp_init_buff).

Running the initial syzkaller repro it was discovered that the
contiguous physical memory allocation is used for both xdp paths in
tun_get_user(), e.g. tun_build_skb() and tun_alloc_skb(). It was also
stated by Jesper Dangaard Brouer <jbrouer@redhat.com> that XDP can
work on higher order pages, as long as this is contiguous physical
memory (e.g. a page).
CVE-2023-54156 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sfc: fix crash when reading stats while NIC is resetting

efx_net_stats() (.ndo_get_stats64) can be called during an ethtool
 selftest, during which time nic_data->mc_stats is NULL as the NIC has
 been fini'd.  In this case do not attempt to fetch the latest stats
 from the hardware, else we will crash on a NULL dereference:
    BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000038
    RIP efx_nic_update_stats
    abridged calltrace:
    efx_ef10_update_stats_pf
    efx_net_stats
    dev_get_stats
    dev_seq_printf_stats
Skipping the read is safe, we will simply give out stale stats.
To ensure that the free in efx_ef10_fini_nic() does not race against
 efx_ef10_update_stats_pf(), which could cause a TOCTTOU bug, take the
 efx->stats_lock in fini_nic (it is already held across update_stats).
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54158 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: don't free qgroup space unless specified

Boris noticed in his simple quotas testing that he was getting a leak
with Sweet Tea's change to subvol create that stopped doing a
transaction commit.  This was just a side effect of that change.

In the delayed inode code we have an optimization that will free extra
reservations if we think we can pack a dir item into an already modified
leaf.  Previously this wouldn't be triggered in the subvolume create
case because we'd commit the transaction, it was still possible but
much harder to trigger.  It could actually be triggered if we did a
mkdir && subvol create with qgroups enabled.

This occurs because in btrfs_insert_delayed_dir_index(), which gets
called when we're adding the dir item, we do the following:

  btrfs_block_rsv_release(fs_info, trans->block_rsv, bytes, NULL);

if we're able to skip reserving space.

The problem here is that trans->block_rsv points at the temporary block
rsv for the subvolume create, which has qgroup reservations in the block
rsv.

This is a problem because btrfs_block_rsv_release() will do the
following:

  if (block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_reserved >= block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_size) {
	  qgroup_to_release = block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_reserved -
		  block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_size;
	  block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_reserved = block_rsv->qgroup_rsv_size;
  }

The temporary block rsv just has ->qgroup_rsv_reserved set,
->qgroup_rsv_size == 0.  The optimization in
btrfs_insert_delayed_dir_index() sets ->qgroup_rsv_reserved = 0.  Then
later on when we call btrfs_subvolume_release_metadata() which has

  btrfs_block_rsv_release(fs_info, rsv, (u64)-1, &qgroup_to_release);
  btrfs_qgroup_convert_reserved_meta(root, qgroup_to_release);

qgroup_to_release is set to 0, and we do not convert the reserved
metadata space.

The problem here is that the block rsv code has been unconditionally
messing with ->qgroup_rsv_reserved, because the main place this is used
is delalloc, and any time we call btrfs_block_rsv_release() we do it
with qgroup_to_release set, and thus do the proper accounting.

The subvolume code is the only other code that uses the qgroup
reservation stuff, but it's intermingled with the above optimization,
and thus was getting its reservation freed out from underneath it and
thus leaking the reserved space.

The solution is to simply not mess with the qgroup reservations if we
don't have qgroup_to_release set.  This works with the existing code as
anything that messes with the delalloc reservations always have
qgroup_to_release set.  This fixes the leak that Boris was observing.
CVE-2023-54159 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: mtu3: fix kernel panic at qmu transfer done irq handler

When handle qmu transfer irq, it will unlock @mtu->lock before give back
request, if another thread handle disconnect event at the same time, and
try to disable ep, it may lock @mtu->lock and free qmu ring, then qmu
irq hanlder may get a NULL gpd, avoid the KE by checking gpd's value before
handling it.

e.g.
qmu done irq on cpu0                 thread running on cpu1

qmu_done_tx()
  handle gpd [0]
    mtu3_requ_complete()        mtu3_gadget_ep_disable()
      unlock @mtu->lock
        give back request         lock @mtu->lock
                                    mtu3_ep_disable()
                                      mtu3_gpd_ring_free()
                                   unlock @mtu->lock
      lock @mtu->lock
    get next gpd [1]

[1]: goto [0] to handle next gpd, and next gpd may be NULL.
CVE-2023-54160 (published 2025-12-24)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

firmware: arm_sdei: Fix sleep from invalid context BUG

Running a preempt-rt (v6.2-rc3-rt1) based kernel on an Ampere Altra
triggers:

  BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:46
  in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 128, non_block: 0, pid: 24, name: cpuhp/0
  preempt_count: 0, expected: 0
  RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0
  3 locks held by cpuhp/0/24:
    #0: ffffda30217c70d0 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x5c/0x248
    #1: ffffda30217c7120 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x5c/0x248
    #2: ffffda3021c711f0 (sdei_list_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: sdei_cpuhp_up+0x3c/0x130
  irq event stamp: 36
  hardirqs last  enabled at (35): [<ffffda301e85b7bc>] finish_task_switch+0xb4/0x2b0
  hardirqs last disabled at (36): [<ffffda301e812fec>] cpuhp_thread_fun+0x21c/0x248
  softirqs last  enabled at (0): [<ffffda301e80b184>] copy_process+0x63c/0x1ac0
  softirqs last disabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0
  CPU: 0 PID: 24 Comm: cpuhp/0 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-rt5-[...]
  Hardware name: WIWYNN Mt.Jade Server [...]
  Call trace:
    dump_backtrace+0x114/0x120
    show_stack+0x20/0x70
    dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xd8
    dump_stack+0x18/0x34
    __might_resched+0x188/0x228
    rt_spin_lock+0x70/0x120
    sdei_cpuhp_up+0x3c/0x130
    cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x250/0xf08
    cpuhp_thread_fun+0x120/0x248
    smpboot_thread_fn+0x280/0x320
    kthread+0x130/0x140
    ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20

sdei_cpuhp_up() is called in the STARTING hotplug section,
which runs with interrupts disabled. Use a CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN entry
instead to execute the cpuhp cb later, with preemption enabled.

SDEI originally got its own cpuhp slot to allow interacting
with perf. It got superseded by pNMI and this early slot is not
relevant anymore. [1]

Some SDEI calls (e.g. SDEI_1_0_FN_SDEI_PE_MASK) take actions on the
calling CPU. It is checked that preemption is disabled for them.
_ONLINE cpuhp cb are executed in the 'per CPU hotplug thread'.
Preemption is enabled in those threads, but their cpumask is limited
to 1 CPU.
Move 'WARN_ON_ONCE(preemptible())' statements so that SDEI cpuhp cb
don't trigger them.

Also add a check for the SDEI_1_0_FN_SDEI_PRIVATE_RESET SDEI call
which acts on the calling CPU.

[1]:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/5813b8c5-ae3e-87fd-fccc-94c9cd08816d@arm.com/
CVE-2023-54162 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ksmbd: fix possible memory leak in smb2_lock()

argv needs to be free when setup_async_work fails or when the current
process is woken up.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54163 (published 2025-12-30)
NLB mKlik Macedonia 3.3.12 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in international transfer parameters that allows attackers to manipulate database queries. Attackers can inject arbitrary SQL code through unsanitized input to potentially disclose sensitive information from the mobile banking application.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
Weakness: CWE-89
Affected vendors: nlb
Affected products: mklik_makedonija
CVE-2023-54167 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

m68k: mm: Move initrd phys_to_virt handling after paging_init()

When booting with an initial ramdisk on platforms where physical memory
does not start at address zero (e.g. on Amiga):

    initrd: 0ef0602c - 0f800000
    Zone ranges:
      DMA      [mem 0x0000000008000000-0x000000f7ffffffff]
      Normal   empty
    Movable zone start for each node
    Early memory node ranges
      node   0: [mem 0x0000000008000000-0x000000000f7fffff]
    Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000008000000-0x000000000f7fffff]
    Unable to handle kernel access at virtual address (ptrval)
    Oops: 00000000
    Modules linked in:
    PC: [<00201d3c>] memcmp+0x28/0x56

As phys_to_virt() relies on m68k_memoffset and module_fixup(), it must
not be called before paging_init().  Hence postpone the phys_to_virt
handling for the initial ramdisk until after calling paging_init().

While at it, reduce #ifdef clutter by using IS_ENABLED() instead.
CVE-2023-54168 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/mlx4: Prevent shift wrapping in set_user_sq_size()

The ucmd->log_sq_bb_count variable is controlled by the user so this
shift can wrap.  Fix it by using check_shl_overflow() in the same way
that it was done in commit 515f60004ed9 ("RDMA/hns: Prevent undefined
behavior in hns_roce_set_user_sq_size()").
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54169 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/mlx5e: fix memory leak in mlx5e_ptp_open

When kvzalloc_node or kvzalloc failed in mlx5e_ptp_open, the memory
pointed by "c" or "cparams" is not freed, which can lead to a memory
leak. Fix by freeing the array in the error path.
CVE-2023-54171 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Fix memory leak of iter->temp when reading trace_pipe

kmemleak reports:
  unreferenced object 0xffff88814d14e200 (size 256):
    comm "cat", pid 336, jiffies 4294871818 (age 779.490s)
    hex dump (first 32 bytes):
      04 00 01 03 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
      0c d8 c8 9b ff ff ff ff 04 5a ca 9b ff ff ff ff  .........Z......
    backtrace:
      [<ffffffff9bdff18f>] __kmalloc+0x4f/0x140
      [<ffffffff9bc9238b>] trace_find_next_entry+0xbb/0x1d0
      [<ffffffff9bc9caef>] trace_print_lat_context+0xaf/0x4e0
      [<ffffffff9bc94490>] print_trace_line+0x3e0/0x950
      [<ffffffff9bc95499>] tracing_read_pipe+0x2d9/0x5a0
      [<ffffffff9bf03a43>] vfs_read+0x143/0x520
      [<ffffffff9bf04c2d>] ksys_read+0xbd/0x160
      [<ffffffff9d0f0edf>] do_syscall_64+0x3f/0x90
      [<ffffffff9d2000aa>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8

when reading file 'trace_pipe', 'iter->temp' is allocated or relocated
in trace_find_next_entry() but not freed before 'trace_pipe' is closed.

To fix it, free 'iter->temp' in tracing_release_pipe().
CVE-2023-54172 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/hyperv: Disable IBT when hypercall page lacks ENDBR instruction

On hardware that supports Indirect Branch Tracking (IBT), Hyper-V VMs
with ConfigVersion 9.3 or later support IBT in the guest. However,
current versions of Hyper-V have a bug in that there's not an ENDBR64
instruction at the beginning of the hypercall page. Since hypercalls are
made with an indirect call to the hypercall page, all hypercall attempts
fail with an exception and Linux panics.

A Hyper-V fix is in progress to add ENDBR64. But guard against the Linux
panic by clearing X86_FEATURE_IBT if the hypercall page doesn't start
with ENDBR. The VM will boot and run without IBT.

If future Linux 32-bit kernels were to support IBT, additional hypercall
page hackery would be needed to make IBT work for such kernels in a
Hyper-V VM.
CVE-2023-54173 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Disable preemption in bpf_event_output

We received report [1] of kernel crash, which is caused by
using nesting protection without disabled preemption.

The bpf_event_output can be called by programs executed by
bpf_prog_run_array_cg function that disabled migration but
keeps preemption enabled.

This can cause task to be preempted by another one inside the
nesting protection and lead eventually to two tasks using same
perf_sample_data buffer and cause crashes like:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000001
  #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page
  ...
  ? perf_output_sample+0x12a/0x9a0
  ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x81/0x280
  ? perf_event_output+0x66/0xa0
  ? bpf_event_output+0x13a/0x190
  ? bpf_event_output_data+0x22/0x40
  ? bpf_prog_dfc84bbde731b257_cil_sock4_connect+0x40a/0xacb
  ? xa_load+0x87/0xe0
  ? __cgroup_bpf_run_filter_sock_addr+0xc1/0x1a0
  ? release_sock+0x3e/0x90
  ? sk_setsockopt+0x1a1/0x12f0
  ? udp_pre_connect+0x36/0x50
  ? inet_dgram_connect+0x93/0xa0
  ? __sys_connect+0xb4/0xe0
  ? udp_setsockopt+0x27/0x40
  ? __pfx_udp_push_pending_frames+0x10/0x10
  ? __sys_setsockopt+0xdf/0x1a0
  ? __x64_sys_connect+0xf/0x20
  ? do_syscall_64+0x3a/0x90
  ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

Fixing this by disabling preemption in bpf_event_output.

[1] https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/26756
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54174 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vfio: Fix NULL pointer dereference caused by uninitialized group->iommufd

group->iommufd is not initialized for the iommufd_ctx_put()

[20018.331541] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[20018.377508] RIP: 0010:iommufd_ctx_put+0x5/0x10 [iommufd]
...
[20018.476483] Call Trace:
[20018.479214]  <TASK>
[20018.481555]  vfio_group_fops_unl_ioctl+0x506/0x690 [vfio]
[20018.487586]  __x64_sys_ioctl+0x6a/0xb0
[20018.491773]  ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xc5/0xe0
[20018.496347]  do_syscall_64+0x67/0x90
[20018.500340]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0xb5
CVE-2023-54175 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

i2c: xiic: xiic_xfer(): Fix runtime PM leak on error path

The xiic_xfer() function gets a runtime PM reference when the function is
entered. This reference is released when the function is exited. There is
currently one error path where the function exits directly, which leads to
a leak of the runtime PM reference.

Make sure that this error path also releases the runtime PM reference.