alirezaaminzadeh/cve-riskrank huggingface dataset:
CVE-2023-54176 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mptcp: stricter state check in mptcp_worker

As reported by Christoph, the mptcp protocol can run the
worker when the relevant msk socket is in an unexpected state:

connect()
// incoming reset + fastclose
// the mptcp worker is scheduled
mptcp_disconnect()
// msk is now CLOSED
listen()
mptcp_worker()

Leading to the following splat:

divide error: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 1 PID: 21 Comm: kworker/1:0 Not tainted 6.3.0-rc1-gde5e8fd0123c #11
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-2.el7 04/01/2014
Workqueue: events mptcp_worker
RIP: 0010:__tcp_select_window+0x22c/0x4b0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3018
RSP: 0018:ffffc900000b3c98 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: 000000000000ffd7 RBX: 000000000000ffd7 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8214ce97 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 000000000000ffd7 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: 0000000000010000
R10: 000000000000ffd7 R11: ffff888005afa148 R12: 000000000000ffd7
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88803ed00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000405270 CR3: 000000003011e006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 tcp_select_window net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:262 [inline]
 __tcp_transmit_skb+0x356/0x1280 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1345
 tcp_transmit_skb net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1417 [inline]
 tcp_send_active_reset+0x13e/0x320 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3459
 mptcp_check_fastclose net/mptcp/protocol.c:2530 [inline]
 mptcp_worker+0x6c7/0x800 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2705
 process_one_work+0x3bd/0x950 kernel/workqueue.c:2390
 worker_thread+0x5b/0x610 kernel/workqueue.c:2537
 kthread+0x138/0x170 kernel/kthread.c:376
 ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x50 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:308
 </TASK>

This change addresses the issue explicitly checking for bad states
before running the mptcp worker.
CVE-2023-54178 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

of: unittest: fix null pointer dereferencing in of_unittest_find_node_by_name()

when kmalloc() fail to allocate memory in kasprintf(), name
or full_name will be NULL, strcmp() will cause
null pointer dereference.
CVE-2023-54179 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: qla2xxx: Array index may go out of bound

Klocwork reports array 'vha->host_str' of size 16 may use index value(s)
16..19.  Use snprintf() instead of sprintf().
CVE-2023-54180 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: handle case when repair happens with dev-replace

[BUG]
There is a bug report that a BUG_ON() in btrfs_repair_io_failure()
(originally repair_io_failure() in v6.0 kernel) got triggered when
replacing a unreliable disk:

  BTRFS warning (device sda1): csum failed root 257 ino 2397453 off 39624704 csum 0xb0d18c75 expected csum 0x4dae9c5e mirror 3
  kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/extent_io.c:2380!
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 9 PID: 3614331 Comm: kworker/u257:2 Tainted: G           OE      6.0.0-5-amd64 #1  Debian 6.0.10-2
  Hardware name: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. MS-7C60/TRX40 PRO WIFI (MS-7C60), BIOS 2.70 07/01/2021
  Workqueue: btrfs-endio btrfs_end_bio_work [btrfs]
  RIP: 0010:repair_io_failure+0x24a/0x260 [btrfs]
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   clean_io_failure+0x14d/0x180 [btrfs]
   end_bio_extent_readpage+0x412/0x6e0 [btrfs]
   ? __switch_to+0x106/0x420
   process_one_work+0x1c7/0x380
   worker_thread+0x4d/0x380
   ? rescuer_thread+0x3a0/0x3a0
   kthread+0xe9/0x110
   ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
   ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30

[CAUSE]

Before the BUG_ON(), we got some read errors from the replace target
first, note the mirror number (3, which is beyond RAID1 duplication,
thus it's read from the replace target device).

Then at the BUG_ON() location, we are trying to writeback the repaired
sectors back the failed device.

The check looks like this:

		ret = btrfs_map_block(fs_info, BTRFS_MAP_WRITE, logical,
				      &map_length, &bioc, mirror_num);
		if (ret)
			goto out_counter_dec;
		BUG_ON(mirror_num != bioc->mirror_num);

But inside btrfs_map_block(), we can modify bioc->mirror_num especially
for dev-replace:

	if (dev_replace_is_ongoing && mirror_num == map->num_stripes + 1 &&
	    !need_full_stripe(op) && dev_replace->tgtdev != NULL) {
		ret = get_extra_mirror_from_replace(fs_info, logical, *length,
						    dev_replace->srcdev->devid,
						    &mirror_num,
					    &physical_to_patch_in_first_stripe);
		patch_the_first_stripe_for_dev_replace = 1;
	}

Thus if we're repairing the replace target device, we're going to
trigger that BUG_ON().

But in reality, the read failure from the replace target device may be
that, our replace hasn't reached the range we're reading, thus we're
reading garbage, but with replace running, the range would be properly
filled later.

Thus in that case, we don't need to do anything but let the replace
routine to handle it.

[FIX]
Instead of a BUG_ON(), just skip the repair if we're repairing the
device replace target device.
CVE-2023-54181 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Fix issue in verifying allow_ptr_leaks

After we converted the capabilities of our networking-bpf program from
cap_sys_admin to cap_net_admin+cap_bpf, our networking-bpf program
failed to start. Because it failed the bpf verifier, and the error log
is "R3 pointer comparison prohibited".

A simple reproducer as follows,

SEC("cls-ingress")
int ingress(struct __sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct iphdr *iph = (void *)(long)skb->data + sizeof(struct ethhdr);

	if ((long)(iph + 1) > (long)skb->data_end)
		return TC_ACT_STOLEN;
	return TC_ACT_OK;
}

Per discussion with Yonghong and Alexei [1], comparison of two packet
pointers is not a pointer leak. This patch fixes it.

Our local kernel is 6.1.y and we expect this fix to be backported to
6.1.y, so stable is CCed.

[1]. https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAADnVQ+Nmspr7Si+pxWn8zkE7hX-7s93ugwC+94aXSy4uQ9vBg@mail.gmail.com/
CVE-2023-54182 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix to check readonly condition correctly

With below case, it can mount multi-device image w/ rw option, however
one of secondary device is set as ro, later update will cause panic, so
let's introduce f2fs_dev_is_readonly(), and check multi-devices rw status
in f2fs_remount() w/ it in order to avoid such inconsistent mount status.

mkfs.f2fs -c /dev/zram1 /dev/zram0 -f
blockdev --setro /dev/zram1
mount -t f2fs dev/zram0 /mnt/f2fs
mount: /mnt/f2fs: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
mount -t f2fs -o remount,rw mnt/f2fs
dd if=/dev/zero  of=/mnt/f2fs/file bs=1M count=8192

kernel BUG at fs/f2fs/inline.c:258!
RIP: 0010:f2fs_write_inline_data+0x23e/0x2d0 [f2fs]
Call Trace:
  f2fs_write_single_data_page+0x26b/0x9f0 [f2fs]
  f2fs_write_cache_pages+0x389/0xa60 [f2fs]
  __f2fs_write_data_pages+0x26b/0x2d0 [f2fs]
  f2fs_write_data_pages+0x2e/0x40 [f2fs]
  do_writepages+0xd3/0x1b0
  __writeback_single_inode+0x5b/0x420
  writeback_sb_inodes+0x236/0x5a0
  __writeback_inodes_wb+0x56/0xf0
  wb_writeback+0x2a3/0x490
  wb_do_writeback+0x2b2/0x330
  wb_workfn+0x6a/0x260
  process_one_work+0x270/0x5e0
  worker_thread+0x52/0x3e0
  kthread+0xf4/0x120
  ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54183 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: v4l2-core: Fix a potential resource leak in v4l2_fwnode_parse_link()

If fwnode_graph_get_remote_endpoint() fails, 'fwnode' is known to be NULL,
so fwnode_handle_put() is a no-op.

Release the reference taken from a previous fwnode_graph_get_port_parent()
call instead.

Also handle fwnode_graph_get_port_parent() failures.

In order to fix these issues, add an error handling path to the function
and the needed gotos.
CVE-2023-54184 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free

Commands from recovery entries are freed after session has been closed.
That leads to use-after-free at command free or NPE with such call trace:

Time2Retain timer expired for SID: 1, cleaning up iSCSI session.
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000140
RIP: 0010:sbitmap_queue_clear+0x3a/0xa0
Call Trace:
 target_release_cmd_kref+0xd1/0x1f0 [target_core_mod]
 transport_generic_free_cmd+0xd1/0x180 [target_core_mod]
 iscsit_free_cmd+0x53/0xd0 [iscsi_target_mod]
 iscsit_free_connection_recovery_entries+0x29d/0x320 [iscsi_target_mod]
 iscsit_close_session+0x13a/0x140 [iscsi_target_mod]
 iscsit_check_post_dataout+0x440/0x440 [iscsi_target_mod]
 call_timer_fn+0x24/0x140

Move cleanup of recovery enrties to before session freeing.
Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54185 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: remove BUG_ON()'s in add_new_free_space()

At add_new_free_space() we have these BUG_ON()'s that are there to deal
with any failure to add free space to the in memory free space cache.
Such failures are mostly -ENOMEM that should be very rare. However there's
no need to have these BUG_ON()'s, we can just return any error to the
caller and all callers and their upper call chain are already dealing with
errors.

So just make add_new_free_space() return any errors, while removing the
BUG_ON()'s, and returning the total amount of added free space to an
optional u64 pointer argument.
CVE-2023-54186 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: typec: altmodes/displayport: fix pin_assignment_show

This patch fixes negative indexing of buf array in pin_assignment_show
when get_current_pin_assignments returns 0 i.e. no compatible pin
assignments are found.

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in pin_assignment_show+0x26c/0x33c
...
Call trace:
dump_backtrace+0x110/0x204
dump_stack_lvl+0x84/0xbc
print_report+0x358/0x974
kasan_report+0x9c/0xfc
__do_kernel_fault+0xd4/0x2d4
do_bad_area+0x48/0x168
do_tag_check_fault+0x24/0x38
do_mem_abort+0x6c/0x14c
el1_abort+0x44/0x68
el1h_64_sync_handler+0x64/0xa4
el1h_64_sync+0x78/0x7c
pin_assignment_show+0x26c/0x33c
dev_attr_show+0x50/0xc0
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54187 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix potential corruption when moving a directory

F2FS has the same issue in ext4_rename causing crash revealed by
xfstests/generic/707.

See also commit 0813299c586b ("ext4: Fix possible corruption when moving a directory")
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54188 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

dmaengine: apple-admac: Fix 'current_tx' not getting freed

In terminate_all we should queue up all submitted descriptors to be
freed. We do that for the content of the 'issued' and 'submitted' lists,
but the 'current_tx' descriptor falls through the cracks as it's
removed from the 'issued' list once it gets assigned to be the current
descriptor. Explicitly queue up freeing of the 'current_tx' descriptor
to address a memory leak that is otherwise present.
CVE-2023-54189 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

pstore/ram: Add check for kstrdup

Add check for the return value of kstrdup() and return the error
if it fails in order to avoid NULL pointer dereference.
CVE-2023-54190 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

leds: led-core: Fix refcount leak in of_led_get()

class_find_device_by_of_node() calls class_find_device(), it will take
the reference, use the put_device() to drop the reference when not need
anymore.
CVE-2023-54191 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: mt76: mt7996: fix memory leak in mt7996_mcu_exit

Always purge mcu skb queues in mt7996_mcu_exit routine even if
mt7996_firmware_state fails.
CVE-2023-54192 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix null pointer panic in tracepoint in __replace_atomic_write_block

We got a kernel panic if old_addr is NULL.

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217266

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  f2fs_commit_atomic_write+0x619/0x990 [f2fs a1b985b80f5babd6f3ea778384908880812bfa43]
  __f2fs_ioctl+0xd8e/0x4080 [f2fs a1b985b80f5babd6f3ea778384908880812bfa43]
  ? vfs_write+0x2ae/0x3f0
  ? vfs_write+0x2ae/0x3f0
  __x64_sys_ioctl+0x91/0xd0
  do_syscall_64+0x5c/0x90
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc
 RIP: 0033:0x7f69095fe53f
CVE-2023-54194 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

exfat: use kvmalloc_array/kvfree instead of kmalloc_array/kfree

The call stack shown below is a scenario in the Linux 4.19 kernel.
Allocating memory failed where exfat fs use kmalloc_array due to
system memory fragmentation, while the u-disk was inserted without
recognition.
Devices such as u-disk using the exfat file system are pluggable and
may be insert into the system at any time.
However, long-term running systems cannot guarantee the continuity of
physical memory. Therefore, it's necessary to address this issue.

Binder:2632_6: page allocation failure: order:4,
 mode:0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null)
Call trace:
[242178.097582]  dump_backtrace+0x0/0x4
[242178.097589]  dump_stack+0xf4/0x134
[242178.097598]  warn_alloc+0xd8/0x144
[242178.097603]  __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x1364/0x1384
[242178.097608]  kmalloc_order+0x2c/0x510
[242178.097612]  kmalloc_order_trace+0x40/0x16c
[242178.097618]  __kmalloc+0x360/0x408
[242178.097624]  load_alloc_bitmap+0x160/0x284
[242178.097628]  exfat_fill_super+0xa3c/0xe7c
[242178.097635]  mount_bdev+0x2e8/0x3a0
[242178.097638]  exfat_fs_mount+0x40/0x50
[242178.097643]  mount_fs+0x138/0x2e8
[242178.097649]  vfs_kern_mount+0x90/0x270
[242178.097655]  do_mount+0x798/0x173c
[242178.097659]  ksys_mount+0x114/0x1ac
[242178.097665]  __arm64_sys_mount+0x24/0x34
[242178.097671]  el0_svc_common+0xb8/0x1b8
[242178.097676]  el0_svc_handler+0x74/0x90
[242178.097681]  el0_svc+0x8/0x340

By analyzing the exfat code,we found that continuous physical memory
is not required here,so kvmalloc_array is used can solve this problem.
CVE-2023-54195 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

rxrpc: Fix timeout of a call that hasn't yet been granted a channel

afs_make_call() calls rxrpc_kernel_begin_call() to begin a call (which may
get stalled in the background waiting for a connection to become
available); it then calls rxrpc_kernel_set_max_life() to set the timeouts -
but that starts the call timer so the call timer might then expire before
we get a connection assigned - leading to the following oops if the call
stalled:

	BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
	...
	CPU: 1 PID: 5111 Comm: krxrpcio/0 Not tainted 6.3.0-rc7-build3+ #701
	RIP: 0010:rxrpc_alloc_txbuf+0xc0/0x157
	...
	Call Trace:
	 <TASK>
	 rxrpc_send_ACK+0x50/0x13b
	 rxrpc_input_call_event+0x16a/0x67d
	 rxrpc_io_thread+0x1b6/0x45f
	 ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x1f/0x35
	 ? rxrpc_input_packet+0x519/0x519
	 kthread+0xe7/0xef
	 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x1b/0x1b
	 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30

Fix this by noting the timeouts in struct rxrpc_call when the call is
created.  The timer will be started when the first packet is transmitted.

It shouldn't be possible to trigger this directly from userspace through
AF_RXRPC as sendmsg() will return EBUSY if the call is in the
waiting-for-conn state if it dropped out of the wait due to a signal.
CVE-2023-54197 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Revert "Bluetooth: btsdio: fix use after free bug in btsdio_remove due to unfinished work"

This reverts commit 1e9ac114c4428fdb7ff4635b45d4f46017e8916f.

This patch introduces a possible null-ptr-def problem. Revert it. And the
fixed bug by this patch have resolved by commit 73f7b171b7c0 ("Bluetooth:
btsdio: fix use after free bug in btsdio_remove due to race condition").
CVE-2023-54198 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tty: fix out-of-bounds access in tty_driver_lookup_tty()

When specifying an invalid console= device like console=tty3270,
tty_driver_lookup_tty() returns the tty struct without checking
whether index is a valid number.

To reproduce:

qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -nographic -serial mon:stdio \
-kernel ../linux-build-x86/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
-append "console=ttyS0 console=tty3270"

This crashes with:

[    0.770599] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000ef
[    0.771265] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[    0.771773] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[    0.772609] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
[    0.774878] RIP: 0010:tty_open+0x268/0x6f0
[    0.784013]  chrdev_open+0xbd/0x230
[    0.784444]  ? cdev_device_add+0x80/0x80
[    0.784920]  do_dentry_open+0x1e0/0x410
[    0.785389]  path_openat+0xca9/0x1050
[    0.785813]  do_filp_open+0xaa/0x150
[    0.786240]  file_open_name+0x133/0x1b0
[    0.786746]  filp_open+0x27/0x50
[    0.787244]  console_on_rootfs+0x14/0x4d
[    0.787800]  kernel_init_freeable+0x1e4/0x20d
[    0.788383]  ? rest_init+0xc0/0xc0
[    0.788881]  kernel_init+0x11/0x120
[    0.789356]  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54199 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/msm/adreno: Fix null ptr access in adreno_gpu_cleanup()

Fix the below kernel panic due to null pointer access:
[   18.504431] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000048
[   18.513464] Mem abort info:
[   18.516346]   ESR = 0x0000000096000005
[   18.520204]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[   18.525706]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
[   18.528878]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[   18.532117]   FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault
[   18.537138] Data abort info:
[   18.540110]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000005
[   18.544060]   CM = 0, WnR = 0
[   18.547109] user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000112826000
[   18.553738] [0000000000000048] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000, pud=0000000000000000
[   18.562690] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
**Snip**
[   18.696758] Call trace:
[   18.699278]  adreno_gpu_cleanup+0x30/0x88
[   18.703396]  a6xx_destroy+0xc0/0x130
[   18.707066]  a6xx_gpu_init+0x308/0x424
[   18.710921]  adreno_bind+0x178/0x288
[   18.714590]  component_bind_all+0xe0/0x214
[   18.718797]  msm_drm_bind+0x1d4/0x614
[   18.722566]  try_to_bring_up_aggregate_device+0x16c/0x1b8
[   18.728105]  __component_add+0xa0/0x158
[   18.732048]  component_add+0x20/0x2c
[   18.735719]  adreno_probe+0x40/0xc0
[   18.739300]  platform_probe+0xb4/0xd4
[   18.743068]  really_probe+0xfc/0x284
[   18.746738]  __driver_probe_device+0xc0/0xec
[   18.751129]  driver_probe_device+0x48/0x110
[   18.755421]  __device_attach_driver+0xa8/0xd0
[   18.759900]  bus_for_each_drv+0x90/0xdc
[   18.763843]  __device_attach+0xfc/0x174
[   18.767786]  device_initial_probe+0x20/0x2c
[   18.772090]  bus_probe_device+0x40/0xa0
[   18.776032]  deferred_probe_work_func+0x94/0xd0
[   18.780686]  process_one_work+0x190/0x3d0
[   18.784805]  worker_thread+0x280/0x3d4
[   18.788659]  kthread+0x104/0x1c0
[   18.791981]  ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[   18.795654] Code: f9400408 aa0003f3 aa1f03f4 91142015 (f9402516)
[   18.801913] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[   18.809039] Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception

Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/515605/
CVE-2023-54200 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier

This reverts "netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal".

The problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release
callback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.

Its possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal.  In this
case, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of
the peer netns runs:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45
Workqueue: netns cleanup_net
Call Trace:
 nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0
 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510
 nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220
 __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490
 nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0
 ..

Order is:
1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device
   for removal
2. peer netns is queued for removal
3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered
4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down
5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory
   might be free'd already.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54201 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

RDMA/efa: Fix wrong resources deallocation order

When trying to destroy QP or CQ, we first decrease the refcount and
potentially free memory regions allocated for the object and then
request the device to destroy the object. If the device fails, the
object isn't fully destroyed so the user/IB core can try to destroy the
object again which will lead to underflow when trying to decrease an
already zeroed refcount.

Deallocate resources in reverse order of allocating them to safely free
them.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54202 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/i915: fix race condition UAF in i915_perf_add_config_ioctl

Userspace can guess the id value and try to race oa_config object creation
with config remove, resulting in a use-after-free if we dereference the
object after unlocking the metrics_lock.  For that reason, unlocking the
metrics_lock must be done after we are done dereferencing the object.

[tursulin: Manually added stable tag.]
(cherry picked from commit 49f6f6483b652108bcb73accd0204a464b922395)
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54203 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ksmbd: fix slab-out-of-bounds in init_smb2_rsp_hdr

When smb1 mount fails, KASAN detect slab-out-of-bounds in
init_smb2_rsp_hdr like the following one.
For smb1 negotiate(56bytes) , init_smb2_rsp_hdr() for smb2 is called.
The issue occurs while handling smb1 negotiate as smb2 server operations.
Add smb server operations for smb1 (get_cmd_val, init_rsp_hdr,
allocate_rsp_buf, check_user_session) to handle smb1 negotiate so that
smb2 server operation does not handle it.

[  411.400423] CIFS: VFS: Use of the less secure dialect vers=1.0 is
not recommended unless required for access to very old servers
[  411.400452] CIFS: Attempting to mount \\192.168.45.139\homes
[  411.479312] ksmbd: init_smb2_rsp_hdr : 492
[  411.479323] ==================================================================
[  411.479327] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in
init_smb2_rsp_hdr+0x1e2/0x1f4 [ksmbd]
[  411.479369] Read of size 16 at addr ffff888488ed0734 by task kworker/14:1/199

[  411.479379] CPU: 14 PID: 199 Comm: kworker/14:1 Tainted: G
 OE      6.1.21 #3
[  411.479386] Hardware name: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. Z10PA-D8
Series/Z10PA-D8 Series, BIOS 3801 08/23/2019
[  411.479390] Workqueue: ksmbd-io handle_ksmbd_work [ksmbd]
[  411.479425] Call Trace:
[  411.479428]  <TASK>
[  411.479432]  dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x63
[  411.479444]  print_report+0x171/0x4a8
[  411.479452]  ? kasan_complete_mode_report_info+0x3c/0x200
[  411.479463]  ? init_smb2_rsp_hdr+0x1e2/0x1f4 [ksmbd]
[  411.479497]  kasan_report+0xb4/0x130
[  411.479503]  ? init_smb2_rsp_hdr+0x1e2/0x1f4 [ksmbd]
[  411.479537]  kasan_check_range+0x149/0x1e0
[  411.479543]  memcpy+0x24/0x70
[  411.479550]  init_smb2_rsp_hdr+0x1e2/0x1f4 [ksmbd]
[  411.479585]  handle_ksmbd_work+0x109/0x760 [ksmbd]
[  411.479616]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x50/0x50
[  411.479624]  ? smb3_encrypt_resp+0x340/0x340 [ksmbd]
[  411.479656]  process_one_work+0x49c/0x790
[  411.479667]  worker_thread+0x2b1/0x6e0
[  411.479674]  ? process_one_work+0x790/0x790
[  411.479680]  kthread+0x177/0x1b0
[  411.479686]  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x30/0x30
[  411.479692]  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[  411.479702]  </TASK>
Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H)
CVE-2023-54204 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mmc: sunplus: fix return value check of mmc_add_host()

mmc_add_host() may return error, if we ignore its return value,
1. the memory allocated in mmc_alloc_host() will be leaked
2. null-ptr-deref will happen when calling mmc_remove_host()
in remove function spmmc_drv_remove() because deleting not
added device.

Fix this by checking the return value of mmc_add_host(). Moreover,
I fixed the error handling path of spmmc_drv_probe() to clean up.
CVE-2023-54205 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

pinctrl: stm32: Fix refcount leak in stm32_pctrl_get_irq_domain

of_irq_find_parent() returns a node pointer with refcount incremented,
We should use of_node_put() on it when not needed anymore.
Add missing of_node_put() to avoid refcount leak.
CVE-2023-54207 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

HID: uclogic: Correct devm device reference for hidinput input_dev name

Reference the HID device rather than the input device for the devm
allocation of the input_dev name. Referencing the input_dev would lead to a
use-after-free when the input_dev was unregistered and subsequently fires a
uevent that depends on the name. At the point of firing the uevent, the
name would be freed by devres management.

Use devm_kasprintf to simplify the logic for allocating memory and
formatting the input_dev name string.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Weakness: CWE-416
Affected vendors: linux
Affected products: linux_kernel
CVE-2023-54208 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: ov5675: Fix memleak in ov5675_init_controls()

There is a kmemleak when testing the media/i2c/ov5675.c with bpf mock
device:

AssertionError: unreferenced object 0xffff888107362160 (size 16):
  comm "python3", pid 277, jiffies 4294832798 (age 20.722s)
  hex dump (first 16 bytes):
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
  backtrace:
    [<00000000abe7d67c>] __kmalloc_node+0x44/0x1b0
    [<000000008a725aac>] kvmalloc_node+0x34/0x180
    [<000000009a53cd11>] v4l2_ctrl_handler_init_class+0x11d/0x180
[videodev]
    [<0000000055b46db0>] ov5675_probe+0x38b/0x897 [ov5675]
    [<00000000153d886c>] i2c_device_probe+0x28d/0x680
    [<000000004afb7e8f>] really_probe+0x17c/0x3f0
    [<00000000ff2f18e4>] __driver_probe_device+0xe3/0x170
    [<000000000a001029>] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x120
    [<00000000e39743c7>] __device_attach_driver+0xf7/0x150
    [<00000000d32fd070>] bus_for_each_drv+0x114/0x180
    [<000000009083ac41>] __device_attach+0x1e5/0x2d0
    [<0000000015b4a830>] bus_probe_device+0x126/0x140
    [<000000007813deaf>] device_add+0x810/0x1130
    [<000000007becb867>] i2c_new_client_device+0x386/0x540
    [<000000007f9cf4b4>] of_i2c_register_device+0xf1/0x110
    [<00000000ebfdd032>] of_i2c_notify+0xfc/0x1f0

ov5675_init_controls() won't clean all the allocated resources in fail
path, which may causes the memleaks. Add v4l2_ctrl_handler_free() to
prevent memleak.
CVE-2023-54209 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

block: fix blktrace debugfs entries leakage

Commit 99d055b4fd4b ("block: remove per-disk debugfs files in
blk_unregister_queue") moves blk_trace_shutdown() from
blk_release_queue() to blk_unregister_queue(), this is safe if blktrace
is created through sysfs, however, there is a regression in corner
case.

blktrace can still be enabled after del_gendisk() through ioctl if
the disk is opened before del_gendisk(), and if blktrace is not shutdown
through ioctl before closing the disk, debugfs entries will be leaked.

Fix this problem by shutdown blktrace in disk_release(), this is safe
because blk_trace_remove() is reentrant.
CVE-2023-54210 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Bluetooth: hci_sync: Avoid use-after-free in dbg for hci_remove_adv_monitor()

KASAN reports that there's a use-after-free in
hci_remove_adv_monitor(). Trawling through the disassembly, you can
see that the complaint is from the access in bt_dev_dbg() under the
HCI_ADV_MONITOR_EXT_MSFT case. The problem case happens because
msft_remove_monitor() can end up freeing the monitor
structure. Specifically:
  hci_remove_adv_monitor() ->
  msft_remove_monitor() ->
  msft_remove_monitor_sync() ->
  msft_le_cancel_monitor_advertisement_cb() ->
  hci_free_adv_monitor()

Let's fix the problem by just stashing the relevant data when it's
still valid.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54211 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Fix warning in trace_buffered_event_disable()

Warning happened in trace_buffered_event_disable() at
  WARN_ON_ONCE(!trace_buffered_event_ref)

  Call Trace:
   ? __warn+0xa5/0x1b0
   ? trace_buffered_event_disable+0x189/0x1b0
   __ftrace_event_enable_disable+0x19e/0x3e0
   free_probe_data+0x3b/0xa0
   unregister_ftrace_function_probe_func+0x6b8/0x800
   event_enable_func+0x2f0/0x3d0
   ftrace_process_regex.isra.0+0x12d/0x1b0
   ftrace_filter_write+0xe6/0x140
   vfs_write+0x1c9/0x6f0
   [...]

The cause of the warning is in __ftrace_event_enable_disable(),
trace_buffered_event_enable() was called once while
trace_buffered_event_disable() was called twice.
Reproduction script show as below, for analysis, see the comments:
 ```
 #!/bin/bash

 cd /sys/kernel/tracing/

 # 1. Register a 'disable_event' command, then:
 #    1) SOFT_DISABLED_BIT was set;
 #    2) trace_buffered_event_enable() was called first time;
 echo 'cmdline_proc_show:disable_event:initcall:initcall_finish' > \
     set_ftrace_filter

 # 2. Enable the event registered, then:
 #    1) SOFT_DISABLED_BIT was cleared;
 #    2) trace_buffered_event_disable() was called first time;
 echo 1 > events/initcall/initcall_finish/enable

 # 3. Try to call into cmdline_proc_show(), then SOFT_DISABLED_BIT was
 #    set again!!!
 cat /proc/cmdline

 # 4. Unregister the 'disable_event' command, then:
 #    1) SOFT_DISABLED_BIT was cleared again;
 #    2) trace_buffered_event_disable() was called second time!!!
 echo '!cmdline_proc_show:disable_event:initcall:initcall_finish' > \
     set_ftrace_filter
 ```

To fix it, IIUC, we can change to call trace_buffered_event_enable() at
fist time soft-mode enabled, and call trace_buffered_event_disable() at
last time soft-mode disabled.
CVE-2023-54213 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

USB: sisusbvga: Add endpoint checks

The syzbot fuzzer was able to provoke a WARNING from the sisusbvga driver:

------------[ cut here ]------------
usb 1-1: BOGUS urb xfer, pipe 3 != type 1
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 26 at drivers/usb/core/urb.c:504 usb_submit_urb+0xed6/0x1880 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:504
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 26 Comm: kworker/1:1 Not tainted 6.2.0-rc5-syzkaller-00199-g5af6ce704936 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/12/2023
Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event
RIP: 0010:usb_submit_urb+0xed6/0x1880 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:504
Code: 7c 24 18 e8 6c 50 80 fb 48 8b 7c 24 18 e8 62 1a 01 ff 41 89 d8 44 89 e1 4c 89 ea 48 89 c6 48 c7 c7 60 b1 fa 8a e8 84 b0 be 03 <0f> 0b e9 58 f8 ff ff e8 3e 50 80 fb 48 81 c5 c0 05 00 00 e9 84 f7
RSP: 0018:ffffc90000a1ed18 EFLAGS: 00010282
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: ffff888012783a80 RSI: ffffffff816680ec RDI: fffff52000143d95
RBP: ffff888079020000 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000080000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000003
R13: ffff888017d33370 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: ffff888021213600
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8880b9900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00005592753a60b0 CR3: 0000000022899000 CR4: 00000000003506e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 sisusb_bulkout_msg drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:224 [inline]
 sisusb_send_bulk_msg.constprop.0+0x904/0x1230 drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:379
 sisusb_send_bridge_packet drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:567 [inline]
 sisusb_do_init_gfxdevice drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:2077 [inline]
 sisusb_init_gfxdevice+0x87b/0x4000 drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:2177
 sisusb_probe+0x9cd/0xbe2 drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusbvga.c:2869
...

The problem was caused by the fact that the driver does not check
whether the endpoints it uses are actually present and have the
appropriate types.  This can be fixed by adding a simple check of
the endpoints.
CVE-2023-54214 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix potential user-after-free

This fixes all instances of which requires to allocate a buffer calling
alloc_skb which may release the chan lock and reacquire later which
makes it possible that the chan is disconnected in the meantime.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54215 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

virtio-vdpa: Fix cpumask memory leak in virtio_vdpa_find_vqs()

Free the cpumask allocated by create_affinity_masks() before returning
from the function.
CVE-2023-54217 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Revert "drm/msm: Add missing check and destroy for alloc_ordered_workqueue"

This reverts commit 643b7d0869cc7f1f7a5ac7ca6bd25d88f54e31d0.

A recent patch that tried to fix up the msm_drm_init() paths with
respect to the workqueue but only ended up making things worse:

First, the newly added calls to msm_drm_uninit() on early errors would
trigger NULL-pointer dereferences, for example, as the kms pointer would
not have been initialised. (Note that these paths were also modified by
a second broken error handling patch which in effect cancelled out this
part when merged.)

Second, the newly added allocation sanity check would still leak the
previously allocated drm device.

Instead of trying to salvage what was badly broken (and clearly not
tested), let's revert the bad commit so that clean and backportable
fixes can be added in its place.

Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/525107/
CVE-2023-54218 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: Fix load-tearing on sk->sk_stamp in sock_recv_cmsgs().

KCSAN found a data race in sock_recv_cmsgs() where the read access
to sk->sk_stamp needs READ_ONCE().

BUG: KCSAN: data-race in packet_recvmsg / packet_recvmsg

write (marked) to 0xffff88803c81f258 of 8 bytes by task 19171 on cpu 0:
 sock_write_timestamp include/net/sock.h:2670 [inline]
 sock_recv_cmsgs include/net/sock.h:2722 [inline]
 packet_recvmsg+0xb97/0xd00 net/packet/af_packet.c:3489
 sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1019 [inline]
 sock_recvmsg+0x11a/0x130 net/socket.c:1040
 sock_read_iter+0x176/0x220 net/socket.c:1118
 call_read_iter include/linux/fs.h:1845 [inline]
 new_sync_read fs/read_write.c:389 [inline]
 vfs_read+0x5e0/0x630 fs/read_write.c:470
 ksys_read+0x163/0x1a0 fs/read_write.c:613
 __do_sys_read fs/read_write.c:623 [inline]
 __se_sys_read fs/read_write.c:621 [inline]
 __x64_sys_read+0x41/0x50 fs/read_write.c:621
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

read to 0xffff88803c81f258 of 8 bytes by task 19183 on cpu 1:
 sock_recv_cmsgs include/net/sock.h:2721 [inline]
 packet_recvmsg+0xb64/0xd00 net/packet/af_packet.c:3489
 sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:1019 [inline]
 sock_recvmsg+0x11a/0x130 net/socket.c:1040
 sock_read_iter+0x176/0x220 net/socket.c:1118
 call_read_iter include/linux/fs.h:1845 [inline]
 new_sync_read fs/read_write.c:389 [inline]
 vfs_read+0x5e0/0x630 fs/read_write.c:470
 ksys_read+0x163/0x1a0 fs/read_write.c:613
 __do_sys_read fs/read_write.c:623 [inline]
 __se_sys_read fs/read_write.c:621 [inline]
 __x64_sys_read+0x41/0x50 fs/read_write.c:621
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

value changed: 0xffffffffc4653600 -> 0x0000000000000000

Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on:
CPU: 1 PID: 19183 Comm: syz-executor.5 Not tainted 6.3.0-rc7-02330-gca6270c12e20 #2
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
CVE-2023-54220 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

serial: 8250: Fix oops for port->pm on uart_change_pm()

Unloading a hardware specific 8250 driver can produce error "Unable to
handle kernel paging request at virtual address" about ten seconds after
unloading the driver. This happens on uart_hangup() calling
uart_change_pm().

Turns out commit 04e82793f068 ("serial: 8250: Reinit port->pm on port
specific driver unbind") was only a partial fix. If the hardware specific
driver has initialized port->pm function, we need to clear port->pm too.
Just reinitializing port->ops does not do this. Otherwise serial8250_pm()
will call port->pm() instead of serial8250_do_pm().
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54221 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

clk: imx93: fix memory leak and missing unwind goto in imx93_clocks_probe

In function probe(), it returns directly without unregistered hws
when error occurs.

Fix this by adding 'goto unregister_hws;' on line 295 and
line 310.

Use devm_kzalloc() instead of kzalloc() to automatically
free the memory using devm_kfree() when error occurs.

Replace of_iomap() with devm_of_iomap() to automatically
handle the unused ioremap region and delete 'iounmap(anatop_base);'
in unregister_hws.
CVE-2023-54222 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

hte: tegra-194: Fix off by one in tegra_hte_map_to_line_id()

The "map_sz" is the number of elements in the "m" array so the >
comparison needs to be changed to >= to prevent an out of bounds
read.
CVE-2023-54223 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/mlx5e: xsk: Fix invalid buffer access for legacy rq

The below crash can be encountered when using xdpsock in rx mode for
legacy rq: the buffer gets released in the XDP_REDIRECT path, and then
once again in the driver. This fix sets the flag to avoid releasing on
the driver side.

XSK handling of buffers for legacy rq was relying on the caller to set
the skip release flag. But the referenced fix started using fragment
counts for pages instead of the skip flag.

Crash log:
 general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xffff8881217e3a: 0000 [#1] SMP
 CPU: 0 PID: 14 Comm: ksoftirqd/0 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc1+ #31
 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
 RIP: 0010:bpf_prog_03b13f331978c78c+0xf/0x28
 Code:  ...
 RSP: 0018:ffff88810082fc98 EFLAGS: 00010246
 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff888138404901 RCX: c0ffffc900027cbc
 RDX: ffffffffa000b514 RSI: 00ffff8881217e32 RDI: ffff888138404901
 RBP: ffff88810082fc98 R08: 0000000000091100 R09: 0000000000000006
 R10: 0000000000000800 R11: 0000000000000800 R12: ffffc9000027a000
 R13: ffff8881217e2dc0 R14: ffff8881217e2910 R15: ffff8881217e2f00
 FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88852c800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
 CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
 CR2: 0000564cb2e2cde0 CR3: 000000010e603004 CR4: 0000000000370eb0
 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  ? die_addr+0x32/0x80
  ? exc_general_protection+0x192/0x390
  ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x22/0x30
  ? 0xffffffffa000b514
  ? bpf_prog_03b13f331978c78c+0xf/0x28
  mlx5e_xdp_handle+0x48/0x670 [mlx5_core]
  ? dev_gro_receive+0x3b5/0x6e0
  mlx5e_xsk_skb_from_cqe_linear+0x6e/0x90 [mlx5_core]
  mlx5e_handle_rx_cqe+0x55/0x100 [mlx5_core]
  mlx5e_poll_rx_cq+0x87/0x6e0 [mlx5_core]
  mlx5e_napi_poll+0x45e/0x6b0 [mlx5_core]
  __napi_poll+0x25/0x1a0
  net_rx_action+0x28a/0x300
  __do_softirq+0xcd/0x279
  ? sort_range+0x20/0x20
  run_ksoftirqd+0x1a/0x20
  smpboot_thread_fn+0xa2/0x130
  kthread+0xc9/0xf0
  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
  </TASK>
 Modules linked in: mlx5_ib mlx5_core rpcrdma rdma_ucm ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi ib_umad rdma_cm ib_ipoib iw_cm ib_cm ib_uverbs ib_core xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xt_addrtype iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter overlay zram zsmalloc fuse [last unloaded: mlx5_core]
 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
CVE-2023-54225 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: ipa: only reset hashed tables when supported

Last year, the code that manages GSI channel transactions switched
from using spinlock-protected linked lists to using indexes into the
ring buffer used for a channel.  Recently, Google reported seeing
transaction reference count underflows occasionally during shutdown.

Doug Anderson found a way to reproduce the issue reliably, and
bisected the issue to the commit that eliminated the linked lists
and the lock.  The root cause was ultimately determined to be
related to unused transactions being committed as part of the modem
shutdown cleanup activity.  Unused transactions are not normally
expected (except in error cases).

The modem uses some ranges of IPA-resident memory, and whenever it
shuts down we zero those ranges.  In ipa_filter_reset_table() a
transaction is allocated to zero modem filter table entries.  If
hashing is not supported, hashed table memory should not be zeroed.
But currently nothing prevents that, and the result is an unused
transaction.  Something similar occurs when we zero routing table
entries for the modem.

By preventing any attempt to clear hashed tables when hashing is not
supported, the reference count underflow is avoided in this case.

Note that there likely remains an issue with properly freeing unused
transactions (if they occur due to errors).  This patch addresses
only the underflows that Google originally reported.
CVE-2023-54226 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

af_unix: Fix data races around sk->sk_shutdown.

KCSAN found a data race around sk->sk_shutdown where unix_release_sock()
and unix_shutdown() update it under unix_state_lock(), OTOH unix_poll()
and unix_dgram_poll() read it locklessly.

We need to annotate the writes and reads with WRITE_ONCE() and READ_ONCE().

BUG: KCSAN: data-race in unix_poll / unix_release_sock

write to 0xffff88800d0f8aec of 1 bytes by task 264 on cpu 0:
 unix_release_sock+0x75c/0x910 net/unix/af_unix.c:631
 unix_release+0x59/0x80 net/unix/af_unix.c:1042
 __sock_release+0x7d/0x170 net/socket.c:653
 sock_close+0x19/0x30 net/socket.c:1397
 __fput+0x179/0x5e0 fs/file_table.c:321
 ____fput+0x15/0x20 fs/file_table.c:349
 task_work_run+0x116/0x1a0 kernel/task_work.c:179
 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:49 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:171 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x174/0x180 kernel/entry/common.c:204
 __syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work kernel/entry/common.c:286 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x1a/0x30 kernel/entry/common.c:297
 do_syscall_64+0x4b/0x90 arch/x86/entry/common.c:86
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

read to 0xffff88800d0f8aec of 1 bytes by task 222 on cpu 1:
 unix_poll+0xa3/0x2a0 net/unix/af_unix.c:3170
 sock_poll+0xcf/0x2b0 net/socket.c:1385
 vfs_poll include/linux/poll.h:88 [inline]
 ep_item_poll.isra.0+0x78/0xc0 fs/eventpoll.c:855
 ep_send_events fs/eventpoll.c:1694 [inline]
 ep_poll fs/eventpoll.c:1823 [inline]
 do_epoll_wait+0x6c4/0xea0 fs/eventpoll.c:2258
 __do_sys_epoll_wait fs/eventpoll.c:2270 [inline]
 __se_sys_epoll_wait fs/eventpoll.c:2265 [inline]
 __x64_sys_epoll_wait+0xcc/0x190 fs/eventpoll.c:2265
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

value changed: 0x00 -> 0x03

Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on:
CPU: 1 PID: 222 Comm: dbus-broker Not tainted 6.3.0-rc7-02330-gca6270c12e20 #2
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
CVE-2023-54227 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

blk-mq: fix tags leak when shrink nr_hw_queues

Although we don't need to realloc set->tags[] when shrink nr_hw_queues,
we need to free them. Or these tags will be leaked.

How to reproduce:
1. mount -t configfs configfs /mnt
2. modprobe null_blk nr_devices=0 submit_queues=8
3. mkdir /mnt/nullb/nullb0
4. echo 1 > /mnt/nullb/nullb0/power
5. echo 4 > /mnt/nullb/nullb0/submit_queues
6. rmdir /mnt/nullb/nullb0

In step 4, will alloc 9 tags (8 submit queues and 1 poll queue), then
in step 5, new_nr_hw_queues = 5 (4 submit queues and 1 poll queue).
At last in step 6, only these 5 tags are freed, the other 4 tags leaked.
Severity: HIGH (CVSS 3.1 vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
CVE-2023-54228 (published 2025-12-30)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

regulator: raa215300: Fix resource leak in case of error

The clk_register_clkdev() allocates memory by calling vclkdev_alloc() and
this memory is not freed in the error path. Similarly, resources allocated
by clk_register_fixed_rate() are not freed in the error path.

Fix these issues by using devm_clk_hw_register_fixed_rate() and
devm_clk_hw_register_clkdev().

After this, the static variable clk is not needed. Replace it with 
local variable hw in probe() and drop calling clk_unregister_fixed_rate()
from raa215300_rtc_unregister_device().