alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Betting pool

A betting pool, syndicate, sports lottery, sweep, or office pool if done at work, is a form of gambling, specifically a variant of parimutuel betting influenced by lotteries, where gamblers pay a fixed price into a pool (from which taxes and a house "take" or "vig" are removed), and then make a selection on an outcome, usually related to sport. In an informal game, the vig is usually quite small or non-existent. The pool is evenly divided between those that have made the correct selection. There are no odds involved; each winner's payoff depends simply on the number of gamblers and the number of winners. (True parimutuel betting, which was historically referred to as pool betting, involves both odds calculations and variable wager amounts.)

Betting pools are not connected only to sports, as there are topics such as deaths and births which people can bet on. Death pools usually involve well-known individuals, such as celebrities and sports figures, which the participants predict will die within a certain period of time. On the other hand, birth pools involve individuals picking specific dates in which someone, who can be either a celebrity or friend, gives birth.

History
The concept was introduced in Britain in 1923 by Littlewoods Pools where it was known as toto and based on football matches.

Today
Today in England, sports lotteries are more commonly referred to as football pools. American sports lotteries often do not require contestants to purchase a lottery ticket or make an initial wager. Hockey pools are common in North America, and footy tipping in Australia.

In the United States the most popular type of betting pool is the March Madness pools. Leading up to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, contestants fill out forms that predict who will win. In 2013 it was estimated that 58 million Americans participate in the contest every year. There are also many handicappers and pundits which offer advice for winning your bracket. Another popular type of betting pool is the college football bowl game. Millions of people bet on the winners of all 39 bowl games every year. There are also notable sport betting pools across the globe such as Hollywoodbets, American Totalisator, Sport Select and others.

A traditional betting pool takes place during the Super Bowl, where entrants make random picks for the score of the game. These entries are known as "squares" where players either pick or are assigned a cell in a 10 by 10 grid.  Then after the grid is filled, the rows and columns are assigned a digit (0-9) which corresponds to the final number in the score of each team.  The player with the correct combination wins, and prizes may be paid out for having the correct score at the end of the game, at the halftime and for each quarter.

See also
Arbitrage betting
Tote betting
Fixed-odds betting
Financial betting
Sports betting
Sports betting systems

References

Sports betting
Gambling games
Wagering
Gambling terminology
Hope Valley, South Australia

Hope Valley is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Tea Tree Gully.

History

Hope Valley was more the result of random settlement than of actual town planning. Jacob Pitman first purchased an  section (Section 824) in 1839. In the early 1840s he sold a few allotments. One such allotment was purchased in 1841 by his friend William Holden who set up a butcher's shop and general store. The site of this store was near the present corner of Grand Junction and Valley Roads. Holden is credited with naming the area "Hope Valley" after returning home in 1842 to find that his house and business had burnt down in a bushfire, but rather than becoming despondent, he felt optimistic. Holden left the area in 1851 to pursue a career in journalism.

Hope Valley was mainly settled by German emigrants escaping religious persecution. Holden spoke German and often acted as interpreter. This is seen as a reason many Germans moved to Hope Valley from Klemzig approximately six kilometres away. In 1847 Hermann Friedrich Koch purchased  of Section 824 and applied for a licence to open a public house – the Bremen Arms. The Bremen Arms was the venue for much of the settlement's meetings in those early days, but since 1905 has been known simply as The Bremen. The original rough stone building has since been encapsulated by a 1970s plain brick structure, which has been expanded on many occasions. Recent renovations have uncovered a curious art deco style corner complete with a sea green round window. This has since been recovered, and the original stonework arches have been exposed and re-pointed in 2010.

In 1849 William Holden formed a committee to establish a school in the area. One acre of land on Grand Junction Road, west of the Bremen Arms, was purchased. The land was then divided into three sections for: a schoolhouse, cemetery, and playground. Also in that year Hope Valley became part of the postal route from Adelaide to Mount Torrens and Holden assumed the role of Postmaster.

In 1872 the earthworks that formed the Hope Valley Reservoir began, one of Adelaide's larger bodies of water.

Present day

Hope Valley has since been assimilated as a suburb of the City of Tea Tree Gully and Greater Metropolitan Adelaide. The entire area is now residential, focused around the Hope Valley Shopping Centre. The Valley Inn (formerly The Bremen Hotel)'s current incarnation stands on the same block. The Institute still stands mostly as it was first built in 1921 and the old section of the cemetery still contains gravestones of some of the original settlers.
Just up the road from The Valley Inn, on the northern side of Grand Junction Road is Torrens Valley Christian School, a local private non-denominational Christian school.

Further reading
Auhl, Ian (1993) From Settlement to City – A History of the District of Tea Tree Gully 1836–1976, 1976–1993, City of Tea Tree Gully, Modbury South Australia.

References

Suburbs of Adelaide
Pliskin

Pliskin is a Jewish locational surname, which originally meant a person from the villages of Pliski, Belarus or Pliszki, Poland. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph Pliskin (born 1947), Israeli health researcher
Zelig Pliskin (born 1946), American rabbi and writer
Iroquois Pliskin, fictional character in the Metal Gear series

References

Slavic-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Houghton, South Australia

Houghton is a small town near Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the Adelaide Hills, in the City of Tea Tree Gully and the Adelaide Hills Council local government areas between Tea Tree Gully and Inglewood on the North East Road.

History
Houghton was named after the town of Houghton-le-Spring, Durham, England.

The 162-hectare Highercombe estate was settled by George Anstey in 1841, who named it after his original family home near Dulverton, Somerset. The present-day Highercombe golf course south of the townsite was part of this estate. In 1857, the house, now with sixteen rooms, and estate was purchased by George Waterhouse, who became Premier of South Australia in 1861. In 1929, it was burnt in a fire, but was rebuilt on a smaller scale.

The townsite itself was also settled in 1841, by land agent and auctioneer John Richardson. During the 1840s, it was the hub of the district and gained a simple stone Union Chapel serving several denominations, the Travellers' Rest Hotel, blacksmith, school, dwellings and other trappings of civilisation, together with a reserve which is now Houghton Common.

Geography
Houghton is located between Tea Tree Gully and Inglewood at the intersection of North East Road and Lower North East Road. The ABS 2001 census found 438 people living in 151 dwellings.

Facilities
The area has a few small shops, the Highercombe Golf Course, and a primary school (which has now closed due to lack of numbers) and oval. It backs onto the Anstey Hill Recreation Park which is accessible from nearby Vista.

Transport

The area is not serviced by Adelaide public transport. A coach is operated from Tea Tree Plaza Interchange to Gumeracha and Mount Pleasant by Affordable Coachlines.

References 

Suburbs of Adelaide
Collapsis

Collapsis was a band from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, active primarily from 1997 to 2001. The band's name derives from a Dillon Fence song of the same name that Collapsis front man Mike Garrigan asked Dillon Fence front man Greg Humphreys' blessing to use as the band's moniker.

History

In 1996, singer/songwriter Mike Garrigan recorded and released his second full-length album, The Lessons of Autumn. The album departed from its predecessor, Building A Hole, by incorporating instrumentation beyond acoustic guitar, including a full-band sound on several songs. The album increased Garrigan's popularity in the Chapel Hill/Triangle-area music scene and gained the attention of industry A&R reps. Garrigan soon began working with former Dillon Fence drummer Scott Carle, planting the seeds for what would later become Collapsis.

In 1998, Collapsis released The Chartreuse EP, and gained a significant following in North Carolina and throughout the southeastern United States. The band then signed to Cherry Entertainment (a subsidiary of Universal Records). Collapsis' lone major-label offering, Dirty Wake, was released Feb. 15, 2000, and the album's lead single, "Automatic", peaked at #28 on the Billboard Modern Rock in 2000.

Collapsis also wrote the title song to the movie Clay Pigeons, titled "Clay Pigeons: The Ballad of Lester Long."  The song was a light and humorous paean to going on a murder spree.

Their song "Wonderland" was featured on Beer Bad, an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in a scene where characters Willow and Parker were chatting.

In 2001, Mike Garrigan became a member of the band Athenaeum and, after its disbanding, went on to form the group mg4. In 2003, Ryan Pickett began working with My Morning Jacket and remains the band's front-of-house sound engineer. Scott Carle has performed with most, if not all, Triangle-area bands and musicians, and has appeared in 10 or so R and PG films. Following Collapsis' disbanding, Chris Holloway became a chef and, after a nearly two-decade hiatus from the music industry, released a solo record, Swarming in the Glow, in 2019.

Members

Mike Garrigan: vocals and guitar
Scott Carle: drums and percussion (a former member of Dillon Fence)
Ryan Pickett: guitar and vocals (a former member of Queen Sarah Saturday, another North Carolina local band)
Chris Holloway: bass and vocals (a former member of Queen Sarah Saturday)

External links
[ Collapsis at Allmusic.com]
Mike Garrigan's official website
Chris Holloway's official website

Rock music groups from North Carolina
Musical groups from Chapel Hill-Carrboro, North Carolina
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups established in 2001
Blockley Township, Pennsylvania

Blockley Township is a defunct township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated in 1704, the township was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia under the 1854 Act of Consolidation.

History
 

An irregularly shaped area of 7,580 acres (31 km), Blockley Township was located on the west side of the Schuylkill River, north of Kingsessing Township; bounded on the east by the Schuylkill; extending south from the county line, opposite to, but a little below, the mouth of the Wissahickon, down to the Nanganesy or Mill Creek, below the Woodlands; then by the same creek up to Chadd’s Ford Turnpike, known in later years as the Baltimore Pike; along the same to Cobb’s Creek; then by the courses of the same to the county line adjoining Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, and along the same to the Schuylkill River.

Within its boundaries were the villages of Hamilton, Mantua, West Philadelphia, Hestonville and Haddington. 

It was traversed by the Darby Road (today's Woodland Avenue) and Chadd’s Ford or Baltimore Pike, the road to West Chester, to Haverford and to Lancaster.

The name is derived from Blockley, a parish in England in Gloucestershire from which the township's founder, William Warner, hailed. In Philadelphia, "Blockley" was synonymous with the Blockley Almshouse that opened here in 1832. The township also contained The Woodlands; the former estate of William Hamilton, grandson of Andrew Hamilton, which was converted in 1840 to the Woodlands Cemetery.

The boundaries and area changed on February 17, 1844, when the area encompassing Mantua and Hamilton were incorporated into the Borough of West Philadelphia, dividing the remaining township into two almost unconnected sections.

The township was incorporated into Philadelphia proper by the 1854 Act of Consolidation.

References

Resources
Chronology of the Political Subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683-1854 ()
Information courtesy of ushistory.org
Incorporated District, Boroughs, and Townships in the County of Philadelphia, 1854 By Rudolph J. Walther - excerpted from the book at the ushistory.org website

Municipalities in Philadelphia County prior to the Act of Consolidation, 1854
1854 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra

A quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is a specialized form of a quasi-Hopf algebra defined by the Ukrainian mathematician Vladimir Drinfeld in 1989. It is also a generalized form of a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra.

A quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is a set  where  is a quasi-Hopf algebra and  known as the R-matrix, is an invertible element such that 

for all , where  is the switch map given by , and

where  and .

The quasi-Hopf algebra becomes triangular if in addition, .

The twisting of  by  is the same as for a quasi-Hopf algebra, with the additional definition of the twisted R-matrix

A quasi-triangular (resp. triangular) quasi-Hopf algebra with  is a quasi-triangular (resp. triangular) Hopf algebra as the latter two conditions in the definition reduce the conditions of quasi-triangularity of a Hopf algebra.

Similarly to the twisting properties of the quasi-Hopf algebra, the property of being quasi-triangular or triangular quasi-Hopf algebra is preserved by twisting.

See also 
Ribbon Hopf algebra

References 
 Vladimir Drinfeld, "Quasi-Hopf algebras", Leningrad mathematical journal (1989), 1419–1457
 J. M. Maillet and J. Sanchez de Santos, "Drinfeld Twists and Algebraic Bethe Ansatz", American Mathematical Society Translations: Series 2 Vol. 201, 2000

Coalgebras
Arbeidsvitaminen

Arbeidsvitaminen ("Work vitamins") is a popular-music radio show produced by the AVROTROS broadcasting association for NPO Radio 5 in the Netherlands. The first edition of the show went on air on 19 February 1946, making it the longest-running radio programme in the Netherlands and one of the longest-lasting in the world. On 1 May 2006 the programme received a Guinness Book of World Records award for being the longest-lived nationally broadcast radio show in history. This status is debatable, however, since a number of other radio programmes, most notably in Norway and the United Kingdom, have been on the air since the 1920s.

Concept
Arbeidsvitaminen was created as a late-morning entertainment show by Jaap den Daas, a programme maker for AVRO and also the man behind such other classic shows of Dutch radio as De Bonte Dinsdagavondtrein (The colourful Tuesday evening train) and Hersengymnastiek. (Brain gymnastics) Originally each edition of the show focused on a single company or organisation. The employees were asked to create their Top 10 list of favourite records and these were played during the show, and the head of the company or organization was featured as "Boss of the Day". After 11.00 a guest celebrity (usually someone in the news that week) was interviewed in the show. For example, in 2004 Dutch crown prince Willem-Alexander was a guest. The show also had special theme weeks in which humanitarian organisations were promoted. A recurring item was "One Minute", a collaboration with the Dutch TV show "Opsporing Verzocht", (Investigation Wanted) where witnesses of a certain crime were asked to contact the radio station in case they could provide the investigators with more information.

Since its move to NPO Radio 5 on 6 September 2010 Arbeidsvitaminen has become exclusively a record request show. In 2006 a compilation CD was released featuring the most frequently requested music in the programme's 60-year history. At the same time a CD-ROM, Mega Hitparade, was issued, summarizing the show's playlists from February 1946 to May 1957.

Sources

External links
 http://web.avrotros.nl/arbeidsvitaminen/ 
 http://www.beeldengeluidwiki.nl/index.php/Arbeidsvitaminen

Dutch music radio programs
Dutch talk radio programs
1946 radio programme debuts
Duttaphrynus parietalis

Duttaphrynus parietalis, commonly known as the Indian toad or ridged toad, is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India.

Description

Head with very prominent ridges, namely a canthal, a slight preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, a parietal, and an orbitotympanic; parietal ridges obliquely directed inwards; snout short, blunt; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. First finger extending beyond second; toes half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles; two moderate metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces covered with irregular warts; parotoids moderately elongate, elliptical, very prominent. Uniform brown above; beneath marbled with brown.   Male with a subgular vocal sac.

References

External links 

parietalis
Frogs of India
Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats
Near threatened animals
Amphibians described in 1882
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Ivan Stedman

Ivan Cuthbert Stedman (13 April 1895 – 7 January 1979) was an Australian freestyle and breaststroke swimmer of the 1920s, who won a silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium.  He was born in Oakleigh, a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria.

After being injured in the Battle of the Somme during the First World War, Stedman was selected to carry the flag for Australasia at the Opening Ceremony of the 1920 Summer Olympics (Australia and New Zealand sent a combined team).  In the 100-metre freestyle, Stedman was eliminated in the semifinals, but made the final of the 200-metre breaststroke, where he came last of the five finalists.  In an all-Australian team, Stedman combined with Henry Hay, William Herald and Frank Beaurepaire to claim silver in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay. The American team, led by Duke Kahanamoku, won by an extremely large margin of 21 seconds.  Stedman also competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, with less success, where he was eliminated in the semifinal of the 100-metre freestyle and the heats of 200-metre breaststroke.  Stedman was a regular competitor in the Race to Prince's Bridge, the annual three-mile Yarra River swim. In 1952, he won the race at age 52 with a time of 1 hour, 24 minutes, 53 seconds.

See also 
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)

References

Bibliography

External links
 ADB biography

1895 births
1979 deaths
People educated at Brighton Grammar School
Australian male breaststroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Swimmers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Swimmers from Melbourne
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Australian military personnel of World War I
20th-century Australian people
People from Oakleigh, Victoria
Military personnel from Melbourne
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)
Bristol Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Bristol Township is a defunct township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854. It is the modern day Olney-Oak Lane Planning Analysis Section, though with a slight difference in the southern border. It is in present-day North Philadelphia, although Olney-Oak Lane is sometimes considered to be separate from North Philadelphia entirely because of their unique architecture, culture and differing patterns of development.

History
Bristol Township was located at the north end of Philadelphia County, at the intersection of the angle which runs down from the extreme point between Philadelphia and Montgomery counties. It was of irregular form, and was bounded on the northwest by a portion of Springfield Township, Montgomery County; on the northeast by Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County. It extended along the latter to Oxford Township, but was bounded mainly on the east by Tacony Creek, on the south partly by the Wingohocking and the Northern Liberties Township, and on the west and southwest by Germantown Borough and Germantown Township.

The Old York Road ran through it to Branchtown and Milestown (now East Oak Lane), and thence to Bucks County. Greatest length, five and one-half miles; greatest breadth, three miles; area, 5,650 acres (23 km). The name is derived from the city of Bristol in England.

Neighborhoods
East Oak Lane
Feltonville
Fern Rock
Koreatown
Logan
Melrose Park
Ogontz
Olney
West Oak Lane
Cedarbrook

Resources
Chronology of the Political Subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683–1854 ()
Information courtesy of ushistory.org
Incorporated District, Boroughs, and Townships in the County of Philadelphia, 1854 By Rudolph J. Walther - excerpted from the book at the ushistory.org website
Ellet, Charles, Jr. Map of the County of Philadelphia from Actual Survey, 1843.

Municipalities in Philadelphia County prior to the Act of Consolidation, 1854
Pentastar: In the Style of Demons

Pentastar: In the Style of Demons is the third full-length studio album by the drone doom band Earth, released in 1996. It has a more rock-oriented sound than their earlier drone doom work, although in a very minimalist style. "Peace in Mississippi" is a cover of the Jimi Hendrix song. The original vinyl release of the album has an alternative take of "Peace in Mississippi". 

The car depicted on the cover is a "Sassy Grass Green" Plymouth Barracuda, with the car's iconic hockey-stick decal  "Earth." The "Pentastar" named in the album title is an apparent reference to the brand logo of Chrysler, parent company of Plymouth, and also a reference to the fact that it is the fifth release by Earth.

Critical reception
Rolling Stone wrote that "'Introduction' and 'Coda Maestoso in F(flat) Minor', which frame the album, are robust, majestic, Black Sabbath-esque riffs transformed into symphonic hot-rod music." The Gazette declared: "As long as there are wood-paneled suburban basements, heavy amps, delinquent parents, quaaludes and beer, there will be a planet of Earths."

Track listing
All songs written by Dylan Carlson, except where noted.

Personnel
Dylan Carlson – vocals, guitar, vibraphone, piano
Ian Dickson – bass guitar, guitar
Sean McElligot – guitar
Michael Deming – organ
Michael McDaniel - drums

References

1996 albums
Earth (American band) albums
Sub Pop albums
Araneta Center–Cubao station (LRT)

Araneta Center–Cubao station (also called as Araneta–Cubao station or simply Cubao station) is an elevated Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) station situated on Line 2. The station is located in Cubao in Quezon City and is named after the old name of Araneta City, a mixed-use development.

The station is the eighth station for trains headed to Antipolo and the sixth station for trains headed to Recto.

The station layout is composed of three platforms: The two main platforms serve the entire system (Eastbound and Westbound) and an extra platform serves as a terminus. The extra platform, currently unused, is found under the main platforms where the concourse area can also be found.

It first commenced operations on April 5, 2003.

Nearby establishments
The most recognizable landmark that the station is located at is the Araneta City, which hosts shopping malls such a Ali Mall, Farmers Plaza and Gateway Mall, where the station's south entrance is located, as well as the Smart Araneta Coliseum. 

At the opposite side of the station is Project 5 or Barangay E. Rodriguez, the location of other shopping establishments such as DiviMart, Hansel Arcade and Diamond Arcade, as well as Cubao Elementary School.

Transportation links
Due to its location at Araneta City, the station is located in a major transportation hub. Provincial buses stop at the Araneta City Bus Port within the complex, and jeepneys for various destinations all over Metro Manila (within Quezon City, Manila, Marikina, Pasig, and San Juan) and Rizal province (Angono, Antipolo, Cainta, Montalban, San Mateo, and Taytay), UV Express, taxis and tricycles are available upon request. Traffic regulations, however, prohibit tricycles on EDSA and Aurora Boulevard.

The station is also the transit point for commuters riding the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3. It is connected to its namesake station via a walkway that goes through the Gateway Mall, past the Smart Araneta Coliseum and through Farmers Plaza to the station's entrance just outside New Farmers Plaza.

References

Manila Light Rail Transit System stations
Railway stations opened in 2003
Buildings and structures in Quezon City
Kavvayi Backwaters

Kavvayi Backwaters located near Payyanur is the third largest backwater in Kerala and the largest one in north Kerala.

The Kavvayi Kayal (backwaters) is dotted with several small and large islands. Valiyaparamba island is the largest among them and stretches over .

Islands of Kavvayi backwaters
 Kavvayi Islands
 Valiyaparamba
 Padannakkadappuram
 Vadakkekkadu
 Kokkal
 Edayilakkad
 Madakkal
 Kannuveed
 Kavvayikkadappuram
 Udumbanthala
 Kochen
 Vadakkumbad

Geography

The Kavvayi Backwater, located near Payyannur, is the third largest backwaters in Kerala and the largest one in north Kerala.  Locally called as Kavvayi Kayal or the backwaters of Kavvayi, this lesser known lake of northern Kerala is fed by five rivers viz. River Kavvayi and its tributary streams Kankol, Vannathichal, Kuppithodu, and Kuniyan. Kavvayi backwaters is named after the Kavvayi Islands close to Payyannur. Kavvayi used to be an inland port and a major administrative center during the past centuries and during British East India Company rule.

The northern portion of Kavvayi lake is also known as Valiyaparamba backwaters. This Island has a population of 10,000. The island's main source of income come from agriculture and fishing.  A secluded beach named Valiparamba beach runs parallel to the backwaters on its western side.

From an ecological point of view the backwater of Kavvayi and its surrounding region is considered to be of significance. The Kavvayi backwater is the biggest wetland ecosystem in north Kerala with an area of 37 km2. The backwater and the wetlands are home to a variety of fauna and flora. It is used for watership man training by Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala.

Valiyaparamba is one of the main tourist spots of the Kasaragod district and is also a fishing centre.

Kavvayi 3 km from Payyanur
Ramanthali 6 km from Payyanur
Trikarpur 7 km from Payyanur
Kunhimangalam Village 8 km from Payyanur
Karivellur 10 km from Payyanur
Ezhimala 12 km from Payyanur
Peringome 20 km from Payyanur

Transportation
There is bus and jeep service to Payyanur town.
The national highway passes through Perumba junction. Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is Payyanur on Mangalore-Palakkad line. 
Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet.  There are airports at Kannur, Mangalore and Calicut. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.

References

Islands of India
Islands of Kerala
Islands of the Indian Ocean
Lakes of Kerala
Populated places in India
Villages near Payyanur
Sebacoyl chloride

Sebacoyl chloride (or sebacoyl dichloride) is a di-acyl chloride, with formula (CH2)8(COCl)2.  A colorless oily liquid with a pungent odor, it is soluble in hydrocarbons and ethers. Sebacoyl chloride is corrosive; like all acyl chlorides, it hydrolyzes, evolving hydrogen chloride. It is less susceptible to hydrolysis though than shorter chain aliphatic acyl chlorides.

Preparation
Sebacoyl chloride can be prepared by reacting sebacic acid with an excess of thionyl chloride. Residual thionyl chloride can be removed by distillation.

Use 
Sebacoyl chloride can be polymerized with hexamethylenediamine yielding nylon-6,10.

See also
 Sebacic acid
 Adipoyl chloride

References

Acyl chlorides
Monomers
Harvey Bullock

Harvey Bullock may refer to: 

 Harvey Bullock (writer) (1921–2006), American television and film writer and producer
 Harvey Bullock (character), DC Comics character
LRTA

LRTA may refer to:
 Light Rail Transit Association, a light rail transit advocacy group based in the United Kingdom
 Light Rail Transit Authority, a transit operator in Manila, Philippines
 Lowell Regional Transit Authority, a transit operator in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
Ground paintings

Ground paintings are an art form native to Australia. They are created using various minerals to pigment plant material, which is then meticulously arranged by several people to form a picture of a historic event.

Overview
The creation of a ground painting is a very social event. The picture itself depicts some specific historic ancestor, glorified to be a hero or monster. The ancestor is nearly always some kind of natural element, whether an animal or force of nature. Since the pictures are innately tied to specific locations with specific ancestors, it very much ties the creators to each other and to the land, reinforcing the group identity. The creation of the ground painting and the accompanying dance is a performance tradition, analogous to oral tradition.

Art 
The pigments used traditionally come from the natural resources: lime for white, ochre for yellow, clay for red, coal for black. With the introduction of a market economy, it is not uncommon to use acrylic paint for a ground painting. The emphasis is not on the materials or the form, but the meaning behind the picture as well as the accompanying performance. Nearly always, the participants paint on themselves as well.

The use of certain patterns to symbolize glowing, glittering power are usually limited to crosshatching and dots. In much of Oceanic art, these patterns symbolize an extra power. They are commonly seen on deity figures, the genitalia and thighs of women giving birth, and mythical creatures.

Plagiarism of Oceanic art 
Dreamtime and dreaming are common translations of a concept common in Oceanic culture that does not easily translate across cultures. Oceanic inhabitants tend to think of time as happening in two distinct forms: normal time and dreamtime. Normal time is linear, and is used for day-to-day activities. Dreamtime is a kind of surreal time that exists outside of ordinary time; all times and no time at all simultaneously. This kind of surrealism common to Oceania gained many admirers, notably Picasso and his peers in the Surrealist movement. However, many images from Oceanic art are copied directly from authentic Oceanic pieces and heralded as art. This plagiarism, as well as the commonly accepted but incorrect association between dreamtime and sleeping, has become a point of much controversy and anger from native Oceanic inhabitants.

References

Sources
 Giant Woman and Lightning Man, J Isaacs: Dreamings.

Australian art
Romero (bullfighter family)

Romero is family of bullfighters from Ronda, Spain, dating back to the 18th century. The only other family with a comparable history in bullfighting are the Ordóñez, whose founder, Cayetano Ordóñez, "El Niño de la Palmas", was also from Ronda. 

Notable members of this family are:

Francisco Romero
Juan Romero (bullfighter)
José Romero (bullfighter)
Pedro Romero

See also
List of bullfighters

Spanish families
Spanish bullfighters
James Valentine

James Valentine may refer to:

James Valentine (journalist) (fl. late 20th century), Australian; also musician
James Valentine (musician) (born 1978), guitarist of American band Maroon 5
James Valentine (photographer) (1815–1879), Scottish photographer
Jim Valentine (1866–1904), English rugby union footballer
James Valentine (RFC officer) (1887–1917), early English aviator and Royal Flying Corps pilot
James W. Valentine (1926–2023), American evolutionary biologist
Pieris canidia

Pieris canidia, the Indian cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae found in India, Nepal and Indochina. Pieris rapae is one of the most closely related species in the Pieridae.

Description

The male is white to pale cream on its upperside. The base of the forewing, the basal portion of the costa, and the base and upper margin of the cell have a scattering of black scales. It is black from the apex to about the middle of the terminal margin. On the latter the black extends for a very short distance triangularly along the veins. There is a round black spot in interspace 3. The hindwing has a subcostal black spot as in Pieris rapae but is generally larger and more conspicuous, and a series of four or five terminal black spots that vary in size at the apices of the veins.

Underside: the forewing is white; cell and costa are lightly irrorated (speckled) with black scales; apex is somewhat broadly tinged with ochraceous yellow. Interspaces 1, 3 and 5 have conspicuous subquadrate black spots; the spot in interspace 1 sometimes extends out of interspace 1. That in interspace 5 is ill-defined. Hindwing: from pale, almost white, to dark ochraceous, thickly irrorated all over (with the exception of a longitudinal streak in the cell, and in the darker specimens similar longitudinal streaks in the interspaces) with black scales; costa above vein 8 are chrome yellow. Antennae are black with minute white specks; the long hairs on the head and thorax are greenish grey; the abdomen is black. Beneath, the head, thorax and abdomen are white.

The female is similar to the male on the underside, but the scattering of black scales is more prominent; the black on the apex and termen of the forewing and the black spots on the termen of the hindwing are broader and more extended inwards; on the forewing there is an additional spot in interspace 1, and both this and the spot in interspace 3 in many specimens are connected by a line of black scales along the veins to the outer black border; also the spot in interspace 1 often extends across vein 1 into the interspace below.

It has a wingspan of 42–60 mm.

Distribution
It lives in sub-Himalayan India and Pakistan from Chitral, Kashmir to Sikkim and Bhutan, from  elevation; the hills of southern India; Assam; Upper Myanmar: the Shan States; extending to China.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 

Fauna of Pakistan
canidia
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1768
Butterflies of Singapore
Taxa named by Anders Sparrman
The Equinox (album)

The Equinox is the third and final album by heralded Queens hip hop duo Organized Konfusion. It was released in 1997 on Priority Records.

Background
The group branched out to work with a number of outside producers, including Diamond D, Showbiz, Buckwild and Rockwilder. The effort is a concept album about the lives of two Black teens. Included on the album are two ambitious tracks: "Invetro" and "Hate." The former gives voice to the unborn, with Pharoahe Monch and Prince Po rhyming as unborn twins, one hoping for their mother to get an abortion, the other praying for a chance to live, respectively, while the latter features Monch and Po rhyming as white supremacists. "Invetro" follows in the same steps as "Stray Bullet" from the group's previous album, giving voices to things  that can not speak.

Critical reception
AllMusic called The Equinox "an album full of stimulating lyrics and well arranged instrumentation." Spin wrote that "the production is rhythmically and melodically expressive." The Chicago Tribune wrote: "Devoid of pop hooks, the album is a gem of underground economy: crisp drum tracks, thunderous bass lines and simple keyboard, horn or guitar loops."

Track listing

Charts

References

Organized Konfusion albums
1997 albums
Priority Records albums
Albums produced by Rockwilder
Albums produced by Buckwild
José Romero (bullfighter)

José Romero was a Spanish bullfighter who performed during the late 18th and early 19th century. When bullfighting was prohibited in 1804 he was obliged to retire. Years later, in 1818, several bullfights were organised in Madrid in aid of the Brotherhood of Saint Andrew. José was invited to participate but on the first day was unfortunately injured by a banderilla and was thereafter unable to continue as a bullfighter. He was 73 years old at the time. His rivals included, mainly, Pepe Hillo. Juan was part of the Romero dynasty of Ronda.

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Spanish bullfighters
Juan Romero (bullfighter)

Juan Romero was a famous matador. He achieved a reputation as a safe bullfighter and was one of the best paid. He appears as one of the first to condemn improvised bullfights. He organized his own team of assistants and forced bullrings to hire them. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, he "was the first to organize a cuadrilla de toreros (band, or company, of bullfighters)."

Family
He had seven children, six of them boys, four of whom became bullfighters-Gaspar, Antonio, José and Pedro. His daughter María Isabel married another key figure of the bullfighting world, José Cándido from Chiclana. The eldest son Gaspar died in the Salamanca bullring on 16 September 1773 whilst serving as a banderillero for his father. The youngest, Antonio, was gored to death by the bull Ollero in Granada on 5 May 1802. Juan was part of the bullfighter family called  Romero dynasty of Ronda.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Spanish bullfighters
CD-i Ready

CD-i Ready is a compact disc format for mixing audio and data content on a CD. It was developed by Phillips in 1991, based on the CD-i format. 
The CD-i Ready format uses a certain technique to get audio CD players to skim over the CD-i software and data. CD-i Ready places the software and data in the pregap of track 1 (index 0). Since most CD players assume that the pregap area contains only silence, they skip it. Because of this, CD-i Ready was presented as an alternative to CD-i (which stores data in the regular indexes of the first tracks of a disc), which was more compatible with audio CD players.

The term "enhanced CD" is sometimes used to refer to different CD formats that support a mix of audio and data content. Apart from CD-i Ready and CD-i, these formats include mixed mode CDs and the Enhanced Music CD format.

References

Compact disc
Gyeongsun of Silla

Gyeongsun of Silla (897–978) was the 56th and final ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

Biography
A sixth-generation descendant of King Munseong, he was the son of Kim Hyo-Jong by Princess Gyea, who was the daughter of King Heongang. His wife was Lady Jukbang (죽방부인) of the Juksan Park clan, his eldest son was Crown Prince Maui, and his youngest son was Beomgong.

Gyeongsun was placed on the throne by the Hubaekje king Gyeon Hwon after the Hubaekje forces sacked Gyeongju in 927. The kingdom was already in an extremely weakened state, so Gyeongsun reigned over a tiny remnant of the former Silla territory until finally abdicating in favour of Taejo of Goryeo in 935. He remarried Taejo's daughter Princess Nangrang (낙랑공주) and was appointed sasim-gwan (사심관, inspector-general) of Gyeongju, becoming the first of Goryeo's sasim-gwan system. He lived out the remainder of his life near the Goryeo capital (modern-day Kaesong).

He died in 978 and his tomb lies in Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

According to Samguk Sagi, Gyeongsun's son, Crown Prince Maui objected to his father's submission to Goryeo and became a hermit in Mount Kumgang.

Family

Father: Kim Hyo-Jong, King Shinheung of Silla (신흥대왕)
Grandfather: King Uiheung of Silla (의흥대왕)
Mother: Grand Princess Gyea of the Gyeongju Kim clan (계아태후 김씨)
Grandfather: King Heongang of Silla (? – 886) (신라 헌강왕)
Consorts and their Respective Issue:
Lady Jukbang of the Juksan Bak clan (죽방부인 박씨)
Crown Prince Maui (마의태자)
Kim Deok-ji (김덕지)
Kim Myeong-jong, Duke Yeongbun (영분공)
Queen Heonsuk of the Gyeongju Kim clan (헌숙왕후 김씨)
Princess Nakrang of the Kaesong Wang clan (낙랑공주 왕씨)
Kim Eun-yeol, Prince Daean (김은열 대안군)
Kim Seok, Prince Uiseong (김석 의성군)
Kim Geon, Prince Gangreung (김건 강릉군)
Kim Seon, Prince Eonyang (김선 언양군)
Kim Chu, Prince Samcheok (김추 삼척군)
Unnamed princess
Lady Sinran of the Gyeongju Kim clan (신란궁부인 김씨)
Princess Wang of the Kaesong Wang clan (공주 왕씨) – No issue.

In popular culture
Portrayed by Shin Hwi-shik in the 2000–2002 KBS TV series Taejo Wang Geon.
Portrayed by Lee Do-ryun in the 2002–2003 KBS TV series The Dawn of the Empire.

See also
Gyeon Hwon
List of Korean monarchs
List of Silla people
Later Three Kingdoms of Korea

References

Kings of Silla
Silla Buddhists
Goryeo Buddhists
Korean Buddhist monarchs
897 births
978 deaths
10th-century Korean monarchs
Year of birth unknown
Year of birth uncertain
I Want to Be a Clone

I Want to Be a Clone is the title of the debut EP by new wave and post-punk influenced Christian musician Steve Taylor. As in later works, the singer-songwriter mixed criticism of general secular society, for things such as empty materialism and selfishness, with criticism of Christian church organizations, for things such as muddying the gospel message for marketing. Jonathan David Brown produced the work.

After hearing this album, influential Christian author Francis Schaeffer wrote the following to Taylor; "The combination of music and lyrics really works on a very high level, and the message, therefore, comes across with real clarity... in the light of the gifts that the Lord has so obviously given you, and which you obviously developed with care and hard work, I do urge you with all my heart to press on. You are really doing something marvelously worthwhile. I must say the words really cut a wide swath in the need in the church today."

Track listing
All tracks were written and arranged by Steve Taylor.
 "Steeplechase" – 1:25
 "I Want to Be a Clone" – 2:30
 "Whatever Happened to Sin?" – 3:07
 "Written Guarantee" – 2:36
 "Bad Rap (Who You Tryin' to Kid, Kid?)" – 3:00
 "Whatcha Gonna Do When Your Numbers Up?" – 4:12

Personnel 

 Steve Taylor – vocals, keyboards (featuring the Mighty Farfisa)
 Kerry Conner – guitars
 Cactus Moser – drums
 Brian Tankersley – bass
 Dave Thrush – saxophone
 Harry Bruckner – bass guitar on "Whatcha"

Rights, raps and claps on "Clone", "Bad Rap" and "Written Guarantee" the Screaming Chapalaires (courtesy of Nosuch Records)

Production notes
 Jonathan David Brown – producer, engineer
 John Sandberg's basement – recording location
 Bill's house – additional recording
 Weddington Studios – mixing location
 Steve Hall – mastering at MCA/Whitney

References

I Want to Be a Clone
Steve Taylor albums
Rolvenden Layne

Rolvenden Layne is a hamlet within the civil parish of Rolvenden in the Ashford District of Kent, England. It is located approximately one mile (1.6 km) south of Rolvenden, with a public house, the Ewe & Lamb.

Rolvenden village originally consisted of the Streyte, located along what is now the A28 Ashford to Hastings road, which was almost entirely burned down in 1665, during the Great Plague (except for the church, pub and some farms). This caused the villagers to abandon the Streyte and move a mile down the hill to the common land of the Layne during the 1660s. Already located here was the Tudor house, now called Wesley House, where John Wesley later preached in the 18th century. The villagers later returned to rebuild the Streyte, resulting in the two small hamlets, the Streyte and the younger, smaller and quieter Layne that you see today.

Rolvenden is now approximately ten square miles in area, consisting largely of farming and rural activities, with an increasing number of professional, craft and tourist services. Rolvenden Layne is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the South Kent development area and is also a conservation area.

Frances Hodgson Burnett rented Great Maytham Hall, located between Rolvenden and Rolvenden Layne, in 1898 and a blocked-up door in the old walled garden inspired her to write "The Secret Garden". After her departure in 1907 the mansion was rebuilt by Edwin Lutyens, including several other buildings previously or still on the estate (for example, the listed houses of Maytham Cottages, Frogs Lane, Rolvenden Layne, which used to be the laundry buildings of the estate).

While Rolvenden Layne benefits from easy access to the A28 at Rolvenden, to the facilities at Tenterden, shopping centres at Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Ashford and Hastings and quick and easy access to London via the railway stations at Headcorn and Staplehurst, it remains a very quiet and peaceful village. The only noises you may hear are the nostalgic sounds of the steam trains as the Kent and East Sussex Railway wends its way round the village and the occasional summer evening chorus of frogs from the local ponds.

The actor Ian Holm lived in Rolvenden Layne

External links

 British Listed Buildings - Wesley House
 'Parishes: Rolvenden', The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 7 (1798), pp. 183-200.

Borough of Ashford
Hamlets in Kent
O. M. C. Narayanan Nambudiripad

O M C Narayanan Nambudiripad, an eminent Sanskrit scholar was born to the famous Nambudiri family of Olappamanna Mana on 24 June 1910 in Vellinezhi (Palakkad District, Kerala, India). He is known for his translation into Malayalam of the Rigveda. This work titled Rigveda Bhasha Bhashyam is an exhaustive interpretative analysis of the Rigveda alternatively known as Deviprasadam. After his death on 4 April 1989 aged 79, a trust was constituted in his memory. The Deviprasadam Trust (constituted in 1990) at Olappamanna Mana hands out awards annually to honour masters in Sanskrit, Vedas, Malayalam literature and Kathakali.

O M C Narayanan Nambudiripad, was known for his nationalist and Gandhian views. He was the son of O.M Vasudevan Nambudiripad (a well known administrator and writer of Kathakali plays) and the grandson of O.M Vasudevan Nambudiripad who was a scholar in both the Trissur and Tirunavaya Vedic Schools (Brahmaswam Madham). He was married to Uma Antharjanam, the daughter of another reputed Sanskrit scholar Kurur Unni Nambudiripad. Sumangala, a popular author of children's books is his eldest daughter.  OMC Narayanan Nambudiripad's father was the uncle of writer and reformer Moothiringode Bhavathrathan Namboothiripad.

See also
 Deviprasadam Trust Award

References
 Olappamanna Mana
 Namboothiri Websites Trust
  The Hindu, 25 February 2005

1910 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Indian linguists
Indian Vedic scholars
People from Palakkad district
20th-century Indian translators
Scholars from Kerala
Tangled Web

Tangled Web may refer to:

 "Oh, what a tangled web we weave/When first we practise to deceive!", a line from Marmion, an epic poem by Walter Scott
 A Tangled Web (Montgomery novel), a 1931 novel by L. M. Montgomery
 A Tangled Web (Blake novel), a 1956 novel by Cecil Day-Lewis, written under the pen name of Nicholas Blake
 "The Tangled Web", an episode of Yes, Prime Minister
 "Tangled Web" (Xiaolin Showdown), an episode of Xiaolin Showdown
 Spider-Man's Tangled Web, a 2001–2003 comic book series
Tangled Webs, a novel by Elaine Cunningham
Operation Tangled Web, a raid conducted in 2007 by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement