alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Cholera Monument Grounds and Clay Wood

The Cholera Monument is a memorial in Sheffield, England, to the victims of a cholera epidemic of 1832. Of the 402 disease victims, 339 were buried in grounds between Park Hill and Norfolk Park adjoining Clay Wood. Money from the treasurers of the Board of Health was set aside for a monument for the site.

The monument was designed by M. E. Hadfield, sculpted by Earp and Hobbs and completed in 1835.  It is a neo-Gothic pinnacle and has a plaque naming John Blake, Master Cutler in 1832 and a victim of the epidemic and noting that the foundation stone was laid by the poet James Montgomery.

The monument is situated in gardens laid out around the monument in the 1850s and next to Clay Wood, an ancient woodland. These were given to the city by the Duke of Norfolk in 1930. A shaded path laid between 1971 and 1995 traverses the woods from Fitzwalter Road to the monument gardens. The monument was struck by lightning in 1990 and the top was removed for safety. Rebuilding began in 2005 thanks to a grant, and was completed in 2006. Restorer Jim Hurley and his team received the 2006 Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture for their work.

A clay cobbled mound art installation was erected in 2004, representing the individuals who died.

September 2014 saw the official opening of a 'green link', providing paths and cycle ways between Norfolk Heritage Park and the city centre. The route included: 

 The Cholera Monument Grounds
 Opening up the north-western corner of the grounds which overlook the city centre, and
 Providing a direct link from the monument to Shrewsbury Road.

The monument is grade II listed, while the grounds are a conservation area which has received a Green Flag Award.

References 

Public Art in Sheffield
Cholera Monument Grounds Sheffield City Council
 Sheffield City Council map
Pevsner Architectural Guides: Sheffield, Ruth Harman and John Minnis

External links

Sources for the Study of Cholera in Sheffield in the 19th century, UK Produced by Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives.

Cultural infrastructure completed in 1835
Grade II listed buildings in Sheffield
Parks in Sheffield
Grade II listed monuments and memorials
Cholera monuments and memorials
Holland, Kentucky

Holland is an unincorporated community in the southeast corner of Allen County, Kentucky, United States. The community, primarily a rural area on farmland, is approximately 10 miles east of  Scottsville.

A post office was established in the community in 1881, and named for early settler, William Holland.

A tornado hit near Holland around 2 AM on Wednesday, February 6, 2008, killing 4 people and injuring several more.

There is an Old Order Mennonite community in Holland, that started as one of the "Christian Communities" founded by Elmo Stoll. Soon after the early death of Elmo Stoll in 1998, the "Christian Communities" began to disband. The community in Holland then decided to join the Noah Hoover Mennonites in nearby Scottsville.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Allen County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Black Rain (Dark Lotus album)

Black Rain is the second album by Dark Lotus. It peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums chart and No. 71 on the Billboard 200.

Track listing

Chart positions
Billboard 200 – 71
Independent Albums – 3

References 

2004 albums
Dark Lotus albums
Psychopathic Records albums
External occipital protuberance

Near the middle of the squamous part of occipital bone is the external occipital protuberance, the highest point of which is referred to as the inion. The inion is the most prominent projection of the protuberance which is located at the posterioinferior (rear lower) part of the human skull. The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it.

The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Extending laterally from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above it is the faintly marked highest nuchal line.

A study of 16th-century Anatolian remains showed that the external occipital protuberance statistically tends to be less pronounced in female remains.

Additional images

See also
 Internal occipital protuberance
 Occipital bun

References

External links

 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071223042432/http://www.upstate.edu/cdb/grossanat/hnsklatob1.shtml

Bones of the head and neck
Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise

The twelve-wired bird-of-paradise (Seleucidis melanoleucus) is a medium-sized, approximately  long, velvet black and yellow bird-of-paradise. The male has a red iris, long black bill and rich yellow plumes along his flanks.  From the rear of these plumes emerge twelve blackish, wire-like filaments, which bend back near their bases to sweep forward over the bird's hindquarters. The female is a brown bird with black-barred buffy underparts. Their feet are strong, large-clawed and pink in color.

The display dance of the twelve-wired bird of paradise is called a wire-wipe display and it is performed by males to attract females by showing their flank plumes and bare pigmented thighs. Males use their 12 flank plume "wires" to make contact with the female by brushing across the female's face and foreparts. 

The sole representative of the monotypic genus Seleucidis, the twelve-wired bird-of-paradise is a bird of lowland forests. The male displays on an exposed vertical perch with his breast-shield flared. Their diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods in addition to frogs, insects, and nectar.

They are found in flat lowlands and swamp forests, particularly throughout New Guinea and Salawati Island, Indonesia. The twelve-wired bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and is listed on Appendix II of CITES. It has not been easy to breed them in captivity. The first successful captive breeding program was at Singapore's Jurong Bird Park, in 2001.

Gallery

References

External links 

 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Video showing Bird-of-Paradise courting a female  Tim Laman.  Jayapura Western New Guinea. June 2010.

twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
Endemic birds of New Guinea
twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
Observer-Dispatch

The Observer-Dispatch (The O-D) is a newspaper serving the Utica-Rome metropolitan area in  Central New York, circulating in Oneida County, Herkimer County, and parts of Madison County.  Based in Utica, New York, the publication is owned by Gannett.

History

Eliasaph Dorchester founded the weekly Utica Observer in 1817. The paper briefly moved to Rome, New York and published under the name of the Oneida Observer, but returned to Utica after. The paper consolidated with the Utica Democrat in 1852, bringing with it long-time editor Dewitt C. Grove, who simultaneously served as mayor of Utica from 1860 to 1862. The Observer'''s facilities were destroyed in 1884 by a fire. Construction began in 1914 on a new office for the Observer, which was completed in 1915. The two-story building was expanded to three stories in 1930, with the name "Utica Observer-Dispatch" engraved in the stone above the third story windows.

In 1922 the paper was purchased by Frank E. Gannett, founder of the Gannett Company. Gannett purchased the Herald-Dispatch at the same time and combined the two, creating the Utica Observer-Dispatch. Gannet also purchased the Utica Daily Press in 1935.  The Utica Daily Press and the Utica Observer-Dispatch merged in 1987, and were renamed to the current Observer-Dispatch. Gannett owned the newspaper until 2007, when it was purchased by GateHouse Media. GateHouse Media's parent company merged with Gannett in 2019, returning the Observer-Dispatch to Gannett once more.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the O-D had a weekly Bosnian language column serving the Bosnian American population in Utica.

The company added digital delivery of news and information in January 2000 with the launch of uticaOD.com. It began online video publication in 2006.

In 2004, the Observer-Dispatch purchased the Mid York Weekly newspaper, serving Hamilton, New York, and seven weekly Pennysaver publications, which are mailed throughout Oneida and Herkimer counties.

In January 2022, the paper announced it would cease printing its Saturday edition starting March. In March, the Observer-Dispatch building was purchased by a real estate investment group.

In September 2023, the paper announced it will switch from carrier to postal delivery via U.S. Postal Service starting Oct. 23.

Awards
The Utica Daily Press and the Utica Observer-Dispatch'' were jointly awarded the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service:

References

External links
Observer-Dispatch | uticaOD.com

Daily newspapers published in New York (state)
Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers
Utica, New York
Rome, New York
Publications established in 1817
1817 establishments in New York (state)
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service winners
Gannett publications
List of albedo features on Mercury

This is a list of the albedo features of the planet Mercury as seen by early telescopic observation.

Early telescopic observations of Mercury were based on the assumption that Mercury keeps one of its faces permanently turned toward the Sun, through the mechanism of tidal locking.  Although this is not true (Mercury rotates three times on its axis for every two revolutions around the Sun), when it is positioned for best viewing from Earth, the amount by which its visible face has rotated from its previous best viewing position is fairly small. 

A map of Mercury made in the 1910s by astronomer Eugène Michel Antoniadi shows the following albedo features, localized by a grid in which 0° longitude is the (assumed) subsolar meridian.  No certain connection has been made between these features and the topographic features viewed on Mercury by the Mariner 10 spacecraft.  Mariner 10, however, imaged less than half of Mercury's surface. 

The names are drawn from Greek mythology, and often allude to myths about Hermes, the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Mercury.

List of albedo features on Mercury 

The names of albedo features currently used by the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature are largely based upon Antoniadi's names, but include several alterations; they also necessarily use a different coordinate grid.

The newer regional names are: Borea () "Northern region"; Australia () "Southern region"; and Tricrena (), the name of a mountain near Pheneus in Arcadia.

Other changes are: all features named Vallis and Promontorium have been renamed Solitudo; Solitudo Argiphontae has been renamed Sinus Argiphontae ("bay of Argiphontes"); Admeti has been changed to Admetei (in error; there is no mythological figure Admeteus); Pleias has become Pleias Gallia.

Notes

albedo features
The Form of Apology and Satisfaction

The Form of Apology and Satisfaction of 1604 was a document drawn up by a House of Commons committee protesting against King James I's handling of recent political issues.

For a variety of reasons King James I had upset many in the House of Commons in his first parliament. These included issues over the Court of Chancery's decision to deny Sir Francis Goodwin's place in the Commons, the imprisonment of Sir Thomas Shirley and his brother Sir Anthony Shirley, and the Bishop of Bristol's book favouring the King's ideas on a union between England and Scotland. The document claimed that James, a foreign king, was ignorant of the Commons' "privileges and liberties" that, the document purported, were their "right and due inheritance, no less than our very lands and goods."

A Commons' committee of more than seventy members was appointed on 1 June, on Sir Thomas Ridgeway's suggestion, to "take a survey of all the Acts and proceedings of the House, which have been excepted unto, or whereof any misinformation hath been given unto his Majesty, from the beginning of the session..." Approximately a fortnight later the committee had drawn up the document "to be presented to his Majesty" and on 20 June Ridgeway presented the draft to the Commons. Francis Bacon, who was a member of the committee, spoke against it. The document met opposition in the Commons, including committee members, and many doubted whether it was wise to present it to the King due to its tone and its claims. Parliament was prorogued on 7 July and the document was not debated again. The clerk requested to transcribe proceedings into the Commons' Journal and copied the document for half a page and left several sheets blank without completing it. The document was never passed by the Commons and therefore would not have been formally presented to the King.

Historiography

Early historians who wrote about this period, like Thomas Carte and David Hume, do not mention this document. In the nineteenth century Whig historians Henry Hallam and Samuel Rawson Gardiner claimed this document was a precursor of the battles between Charles I and Parliament and that from this point onwards the Commons was in near constant conflict with the monarchy until the Glorious Revolution of 1688 settled the conflict over the constitution. Geoffrey Rudolph Elton in 1965 criticised this traditional interpretation of the document by claiming that its viewpoints represented a minority opinion which was rejected by the Commons as being too extreme and that the constitution was much the same as it was under the Tudors.

References

G. R. Elton, Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government: Volume II (CUP, 1974).
H. Hallam, The Constitutional History of England (1827).
S. R. Gardiner, History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642 (1883).

External links
Text of the document

1604 in England
Parliament of England
1604 works
Teatro Rossini

Teatro Rossini may refer to:

Teatro Rossini, a theatre in Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires,  Argentina
Teatro Rossini, a theatre in Arequito, Santa Fe Province,  Argentina (Sociedad Italiana, Cine Teatro Rossini)
Teatro Rossini (Lugo), an 18th-century opera house in Lugo, Italy
Teatro Rossini (Pesaro), a 19th-century opera house in Pesaro, Italy
Teatro Rossini, originally called the Teatro San Benedetto, a theatre in Venice, Italy, currently undergoing restoration
Harkins

Harkins is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Arthur Harkins (1936–2016), American academic
 Brett Harkins (born 1970), ice hockey player
 Gary Harkins (born 1985), Scottish footballer
 George W. Harkins (1810–1890), Native American leader, a chief of the Choctaw tribe during the Indian removals
 James M. Harkins (born 1953), American politician
 John Harkins (actor) (1932–1999)
 John Harkins (baseball) (1859–1940), American baseball player
 John Harkins (footballer) (1881–1916), Scottish footballer
 Josh Harkins (born 1974), American politician
 Lida E. Harkins, American politician
 Owen Harkins (born 1999), introduced Cairn to Midwestern communities, but unfortunately, is not very good at the game of Cairn.
 Pat Harkins (born 1963), American politician
 Paul D. Harkins (1904–1984), U.S. General, first commander of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV)
 Todd Harkins (born 1968), American ice hockey player
 William Draper Harkins (1873–1951), American chemist

See also 
 Harkin
 Harkins Transportation Company
 Harkins Theatres a U.S. movie chain
Freezing level

The freezing level, or 0 °C (zero-degree) isotherm, represents the altitude in which the temperature is at 0 °C (the freezing point of water) in a free atmosphere (i.e. allowing reflection of the sun by snow, icing conditions, etc.). Any given measure is valid for only a short period of time, often less than a day as variations in wind, sunlight, air masses and other factors may change the level.

Above the freezing altitude, the temperature of the air is below freezing. Below it, the temperature is above freezing. The profile of this frontier, and its variations, are studied in meteorology, and are used for a variety of forecasts and predictions, especially in cold weather. Whilst not given on general weather forecasts, it is used on bulletins giving forecasts for mountainous areas.

Measuring

There are several different methods to examine the structure of the temperature of the atmosphere including its freezing level:
A radiosonde attached to a weather balloon is the oldest and most common method used. Each area normally releases two balloons a day in locations hundreds of kilometers apart.
Measuring devices attached to commercial airliners permit reporting the isotherm, and its height from sea level, to aerial traffic.
Weather satellites are equipped with sensors that scan the atmosphere and measure the infrared radiation it emits indicating its temperature.
Weather radar detects bright bands, which are radar echoes produced just underneath and within the isotherm caused by the melting of snow or ice in the layer below that's above 0 °C.
A wind profiler, an upward pointing radar, can detect the speed of precipitation, which is different for rain, snow, slush and melting snow.

Depending on the frequency and resolution at which these readings are taken, these methods can report the isotherm with greater or lesser precision.  Radiosondes, for example, only report a reading twice daily and provide very rough information.  Weather radar can detect a variation every five to ten minutes if there is precipitation, and can scan a radius of up to two kilometers.

Variations in the isotherm

The isotherm can be very stable over a large area.  It varies under two major conditions:
A change in the density of air due to weather fronts. This changes the isotherm gradually, over tens of kilometres for a cold front, and hundreds for a warm front, but the change spreads over a large area.
Local levels can be changed by wind, reflection of the sun, snow, and humidity level. These factors can cause the isotherm to change rapidly and sometimes constantly over several kilometres, in both winter and summer all year round. Also, atmospheric subsidence and ascendence can contribute to variations in the isotherm.
These conditions imply that the 0 °C isotherm varies globally and more so locally.

See also
 Temperature inversion
 Lapse rate

References
 The Mountain Manual, Seuil, 2000

Mountains
Montane ecology
Meteorological phenomena
Anterior nasal spine

The anterior nasal spine, or anterior nasal spine of maxilla, is a bony projection in the skull that serves as a cephalometric landmark. The anterior nasal spine is the projection formed by the fusion of the two maxillary bones at the intermaxillary suture. It is placed at the level of the nostrils, at the uppermost part of the philtrum. It rarely fractures.

Additional images

See also
 Posterior nasal spine

References

External links

 Diagram at upstate.edu - side
 Diagram at upstate.edu - front
  - "Osteology of the Skull: The Maxilla"
 
 

Bones of the head and neck
Målselva

The Målselva is a river in Målselv Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The  long river flows through the Målselvdalen valley and then empties into the Målselvfjorden, an arm of the Malangen fjord. The municipality and the valley through which the river runs are both named after the river.

The smaller rivers Divielva, Tamokelva, and Rostaelva converge near the Lille Rostavatn lake to form the Målselva river. Later, the river Barduelva joins it near Fossmoen and Bardufoss. The river drains a watershed of .  The Målselva river passes by the main villages of Bardufoss, Andselv, and Skjold.

References

External links

Målselv
Rivers of Troms og Finnmark
Rivers of Norway
Tales from Margaritaville

Tales from Margaritaville is a collection of short stories by singer Jimmy Buffett, published in 1989, 230 pages long.

The book is broken up into an introduction and three sections, each containing several short stories.

An Introduction: Changes in Latitude contains "Walkabout" and "Where is Margaritaville?", the later designed to answer a question Buffett says that he is frequently asked.

The Heat Wave Chronicles contains six short stories, all based in the mythical town of Heat Wave, Alabama, on the also mythical island of Snake Bite Key.  "Take Another Road", "Off to See the Lizard", "Boomerang Love", "The Swamp Creature Let One In", "The Pascagoula Run", and "I Wish Lunch Could Last Forever" comprise the Heat Wave Chronicles. Five of these short stories are also song titles on Buffett's Off to See the Lizard album.

Margaritian Madness contains "You Can't Take It With You" and "Are You Ready for Freddy?"

Son of a Son of a Sailor contains the stories "Hooked in the Heart", "Life in the Food Chain", "A Gift for the Buccaneer", and "Sometimes I Feel like a Rudderless Child".

1989 short story collections
American short story collections
Books by Jimmy Buffett
Posterior nasal spine

The posterior nasal spine is part of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone of the skull. It is found at the medial end of its posterior border. It is paired with the corresponding palatine bone to form a solid spine. It is the attachment of the uvula muscle.

Structure 
The posterior nasal spine is found at the medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone of the skull.

Function 
The posterior nasal spine is the attachment of the uvula muscle.

Clinical applications 
The posterior nasal spine is an important cephalometric landmark.

Additional images

See also 
 anterior nasal spine

References

External links 
 

Bones of the head and neck
Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Glasgow)

The Regius Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology is a Regius Professorship at the University of Glasgow. It was founded in 1815 as the Regius Chair of Midwifery by King George III of Great Britain. From 1790 to 1815 the subject was taught by a lecturer on the Waltonian Foundation. The name was changed to Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1992.

Regius Professors of Midwifery/Regius Professors of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
 James Towers CM (1815)
 John Towers MA CM (1820)
 Robert Lee MD FRS (1834)
 William Cumin MA MD (1834)
 John Macmichan Pagan MD (1840)
 William Leishman MD (1868)
 Murdoch Cameron MD LLD (1894)
 John Martin Munro Kerr MD LLD (1927)
 Samuel James Cameron MB LLD (1934)
 James Hendry MA MB BSc (1943)
 Robert Aim Lennie MD LLD (1946)
 Ian Donald CBE BA MD (1955)
 Charles Richard Whitfield MD FRCOG FRCPSGlas (1976) 
 Iain T Cameron BSc MD MA (1993)
 Ian A Greer MD MRCP FRCP MRCOG MFFP
 Jane Norman (2006)

References

See also
List of Professorships at the University of Glasgow

Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Professorships in medicine
1815 establishments in Scotland
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Glasgow
IRip

iRip (formerly named iPodRip, renamed due to iPod trademark) is a commercial iPod recovery tool for Mac OS X, Windows XP and Windows Vista. It features an iTunes style interface, iPod media transfer, and integration with iTunes. It was originally released in August 2003 and has since had over 5 million downloads.

iRip supports all iPods (including iPod Touch) and all iPhones.

It was developed for the Hack Show during MacHack 2003. However, the developer never demonstrated it thinking the hack "too simple"  when compared to Unstoppable Progress and Interface UnBuilder, both of which wowed the audience.

Name change
In November 2009 The Little App Factory was forced by Apple to change the name of iPodRip to remove the trademark iPod. In a bid to gain leniency the developer sent an email to Steve Jobs and this email exchange was leaked garnering headlines due to Steve's succinct reply of "Change your apps name. Not that big of a deal." The software is now known as iRip.

E-Sports Support
In 2010, iRip was a sponsor for some e-sports events.

See also
Comparison of iPod managers

Books that Reference iRip

External links
Official site

References

MacOS multimedia software
IPod software
Shareware
IOS software
Itta of Metz

Itta of Metz, O.S.B. (also Ida, Itte or Iduberga; 592–8 May 652) was the wife of Pepin of Landen, Mayor of the Palace of the Kingdom of Austrasia. After his death, she founded the Abbey of Nivelles, where she became a Colombanian nun along with her daughter, Gertrude of Nivelles. Both are honored as saints by the Catholic Church.

Life
There is no direct record of her parents, but it has been suggested that she came from a family of senatorial status which had originated in Aquitaine, and was a daughter of Arnoald, Bishop of Metz, son of Ansbertus. Her brother was Saint Modoald, Bishop of Trier, and her sister was the abbess, Saint Severa.

She married Pepin of Landen, Mayor of the Merovingian Royal Palace. After Pepin's death in 640, Itta and her daughter, Gertrude, withdrew from the capital for a life of religious reflection. Later, around 647, on the advice of Amandus, the Bishop of Maastricht, she founded the Abbey of Nivelles. The abbey was originally just a community of nuns, but it later became a double monastery when the nuns were joined by a group of Irish monks who offered them support in the operations of the abbey. She might have appointed her daughter, Gertrude, as its first abbess, while she herself lived there as a simple nun, assisting the young abbess by her advice.

Itta died at the abbey on 8 May 652.

Children
Itta had another daughter by Pepin, Abbess Begga of Andenne, who had married Ansegisel, son of Arnulf of Metz prior to joining the monastery. By Begga, she is the grandmother of Pepin of Herstal and one of the matriarchs of the great Carolingian family. 

Her sons were Grimoald, later Mayor of the Palace, and father of King Childebert the Adopted; Itta's second son Bavo (or Allowin), became a hermit and was later canonized. Both her daughters were also canonized, as was she. Her feast day is celebrated on 8 May.

Patronage
Itta is honoured as the patron saint of the French village of Itteville, which was founded on the site of a farm which she had established.

Family

References

Sources
 Alban Butler's Lives of the saints, edited, revised and supplemented by Thurston and Attwater. Christian Classics, Westminster, Maryland.

592 births
652 deaths
People from Metz
7th-century Frankish nuns
7th-century Christian nuns
Pippinids
7th-century Frankish saints
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
Belgian Roman Catholic saints
Colombanian saints
Bonnet Plume River

The Bonnet Plume River is one of Yukon's better-known rivers. It flows from a mountain lake source in the Bonnet Plume Range in the Mackenzie Mountains through several mountain ranges to its confluence with the Peel. It is very popular with outdoor enthusiasts as a canoe, kayak or rafting trip.  There is large section of whitewater on the river where it passes through a rockslide canyon.

This river is very remote and is usually accessed by plane or helicopter. The Bonnet Plume was designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1998.

See also
List of rivers of Yukon
Peel Watershed

Rivers of Yukon
Canadian Heritage Rivers
Canyons and gorges of Canada
Hanshin

, derived from the second kanji from  and the first kanji from  (but in on-reading instead of kun-reading), refers generally to Osaka, Kobe, and the surrounding area in the Kansai region of Japan. 

In the context of a region of Hyōgo Prefecture, the term is used to refer to the 8 small municipalities (Amagasaki, Ashiya, Inagawa, Itami, Kawanishi, Nishinomiya, Sanda and Takarazuka) located close to the northern coast of Osaka Bay between the two large cities of Kobe and Osaka. In some contexts, the eastern Higashinada and Nada wards of Kobe and Nishiyodagawa Ward of Osaka are also included.

The name Hanshin may also refer to:
 Hanshin Department Store, a chain of department stores based in Osaka
 Hanshin Electric Railway, a railway that links Osaka and Kobe
 Hanshin Main Line, a line operated by the railway
 Hanshin Expressway, a network of tolled highways surrounding Osaka, Kobe, and Kyoto
 Hanshin Industrial Region, the industrial region encompassing Osaka and Kobe metropolitan areas
 Hanshin Racecourse, a horse racetrack in Takarazuka, Hyogo
 Hanshin Tigers, a professional baseball team in Nishinomiya, Hyogo
 Hanshin: Half-God, manga by Moto Hagio

See also
Great Hanshin earthquake, 1995 earthquake centered in southern Hyogo
Hanshin Education Incident, 1948 incident in which Korean ethnic schools in Japan were closed down
Keihanshin, a macro-region including Kyōto (Kei-) and Hanshin
Hanshinkan Modernism, the cultural and arts movement in the region during the early 20th century

Hyōgo Prefecture
Kobe
Osaka Prefecture
Roger Manning (disambiguation)

Roger Manning may refer to:

Roger Manning, American anti-folk singer
Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. (born 1966), keyboardist
Roger Manning, a fictional character of Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, played by actor Jan Merlin in the TV series
Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism

The Professorship of Divinity and Biblical Criticism at the University of Glasgow was founded in 1861. The patron was formerly the Crown (i.e. a Regius Professorship).  Since 1935, the University Court, acting on the recommendation of a Board of Nomination consisting of representatives of the University Court and of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, appoints the Professor.

(Regius) Professors of Divinity and Biblical Criticism
 William Purdie Dickson MA LLD DD (1863)
 William Stuart MA LLD DD (1873)
 George Milligan MA DCL DD (1910)
 George Hogarth Carnaby MacGregor MA DLitt DD (1933)
 William Barclay CBE MA BD DD (1963)
 Ernest Best MA BD PhD DD (1974-1982)
 John Riches MA (1991)

See also
List of Professorships at the University of Glasgow

Divinity and Biblical Criticism
Divinity and Biblical Criticism, *, Glasgow
1861 establishments in Scotland
Biblical criticism
1861 in education
Puerto Rican Communist Party

The Puerto Rican Communist Party (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Puertorriqueño, PCP) was a communist party in Puerto Rico founded on 23 September 1934 following the sugar strikes on the island that same year. Relevant members include General Secretary Alberto E. Sánchez, president Juan Santos Rivera, and Jose A. Lanauze Rolón. The party emerged out of a turbulent political moment where faith in previous workers parties and organizations, such as the Socialist Party and the Free Federation of Workers, was waning and the Puerto Rican economy was experiencing a downturn. While membership remained small, the PCP interacted and influenced the labor and political space of mid-20th century Puerto Rico as well as political spaces outside of the island. These interactions include those with the Popular Democratic Party, The Communist Party of the United States of America, and the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico.

Political context 

The PCP emerges following various worker and student led general strikes in 1934 and 1935. 

In conjunction with the mid-1930s labor movements, the formation of the PCP was also internationally influenced. The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) was supportive of the PCP's founding with additional support from the Communist Party of Cuba (CPC). Indeed, there was a substantial interconnectedness between the CPUSA, Puerto Rican Communists in New York's Lower Manhattan, and the PCP.

Political agenda, strategies, and relations with other political groups 

The PCP utilized their newspaper periodical Lucha Obrera (Worker's Struggle) in order to communicate their agendas and messages to the public. The paper was brief, however, it served to document the PCP's ongoing movements and objectives.

References

External links 
 The case of Puerto Rico: memorandum to the United Nations by the Communist Party of Puerto Rico. Foster, William Z. 1881-1961 (intro) New York, New Century Publishers, 1953
 

1934 establishments in Puerto Rico
1991 disestablishments in Puerto Rico
Anti-imperialist organizations
Puerto Rico
Communist parties in Puerto Rico
Political parties established in 1934
Political parties disestablished in 1991
Political parties in Puerto Rico
Shyam

Shyam is a name of Krishna and an Indian masculine given name and surname. Notable people with this name include:

Shyam
Shyam (actor) (1920–1951), Indian Hindi film actor
Shyam (composer) (born 1937), an Indian music composer from Kerala
Shyam Benegal (born 1934), Indian film director
Shyam Satardekar (born 1966), Indian politician

Karam Shyam (born 1962), Indian politician

Syam
Syam Pushkaran (born 1984), Indian scriptwriter
Syam Sudhakar (born 1983), Malayalam-language poet

See also
 Shyam (film), 2016 Indian Malayalam-language film
 Sam (given name)

Indian given names
Surnames of Indian origin
Tympanic canaliculus

The tympanic canaliculus (also tympanic canal, inferior tympanic canaliculus, temporal canaliculus, or Jacobson canal) is a minute canal in the bony wedge/ridge that separates the carotid canal and jugular foramen/jugular fossa. The proximal opening of the canal is situated upon the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone; its distal opening is situated upon the floor of the tympanic cavity. The canal gives passage to the tympanic nerve i.e. tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)), and inferior tympanic artery.

References

Foramina of the skull
FOTP

FOTP may refer to:

Friends of the Parks, a watchdog group and environmental advocate for the Chicago area.
Father of the Pride, a short-lived CGI animated television series that ran in 2004
File-Oriented Transfer Program, a utility program for the OS/8 minicomputer operating system
Friends of the People, an American sketch comedy program on truTV
Crotalus mitchellii

Common names: speckled rattlesnake, Mitchell's rattlesnake, white rattlesnake

Crotalus mitchellii is a venomous pit viper species in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to the Southwestern United States and adjacent northern Mexico. The species was named in honor of Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914), an American medical doctor who also studied rattlesnake venoms. Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.

Description
Generally, C. mitchelli does not exceed  in total length (including tail), with large males measuring between . The race on Isla Ángel de la Guarda is known to become larger, the maximum recorded length for a specimen there being . In contrast, the population on El Muerto Island only reaches a maximum of  in length.

Geographic range
C. mitchelli is found in the southwestern United States and in northwestern Mexico. In the US, its range includes east-central and southern California, southwestern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, and western Arizona. In Mexico, it is native in most of Baja California, including Baja California Sur. It also inhabits a number of islands in the Gulf of California, including Angel de la Guarda Island, Carmen, Cerralvo, El Muerto, Espíritu Santo, Monserrate, Piojo, Salsipuedes, and San José, as well as on Santa Margarita Island off the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur.

The type locality is listed as "Cape St. Lucas, Lower California" (Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico).

Subspecies and taxonomy

Grismer (1999) argued that C. m. angelensis and C. m. muertensis should be given species status, mainly due to differences in body size.
More recently, Douglas et al. (2007)  recognised C.m. stephensi as a full species, and Meik et al. (2015)  elevated both the southwestern and the Angel de la Guarda speckled rattlesnakes to the state of full species, C. pyrrhus and C. angelensis, whereas the El Muerto Island speckled rattlesnake was considered part of C. pyrrhus

Conservation status
The nominate subspecies (C. m. mitchellii ) is classified as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007. Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

References

Further reading
Cope ED (1861). "Contributions to the Ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America". Proceedings of the  Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13: 292-306. (Caudisona mitchellii, new species, pp. 293–294).

External links

Crotalus angelensis at San Diego Natural History Museum
Crotalus mitchelli at San Diego Natural History Museum
Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus

mitchellii
Reptiles of the United States
Reptiles of Mexico
Fauna of the Southwestern United States
Fauna of the Sonoran Desert
Fauna of the Colorado Desert
Fauna of the Mojave Desert
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of Baja California
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
Reptiles described in 1861
Luck Be a Weirdo Tonight

Luck Be a Weirdo Tonight is an album by the British electronica group, Fila Brazillia, released on Pork Recordings in 1997.
The title of the album comes from the lyrics of the 1950s song "Luck Be a Lady".

Track listing
"Lieut. Gingivitis Shit" – 5:10
"Billy Goat Groupies" – 3:36
"Apehorn Concerto" – 6:15
"Hells Rarebit" – 7:34
"Her Majesties Hokey Cokey" – 4:35
"Rustic Bellyflop" – 4:39
"Van Allens Belt" – 9:54
"Pollo De Palo" – 6:29
"Heat Death Of The Universe" – 7:45
"Weasel Out The Muck" – 6:43
"Do The Hale-Bopp" – 6:08

1997 albums
Fila Brazillia albums
Communist Party of Puerto Rico

The Communist Party of Puerto Rico (, PCPR) is a communist party in Puerto Rico. The party was founded in 2010, after members reformed a previous organization called "".

It operates a political training school called "", that brings proletarian political education to schools, universities, and workers' councils. A similar effort, the "", was created online to reach an ever-growing group of people connected to the web and social networks. It also publishes , a weekly periodical that is directed to tackling the reality of Puerto Rico and class struggle.

References

External links

2010 establishments in Puerto Rico
Anti-imperialist organizations
Communist parties in Puerto Rico
Political parties established in 2010
Political parties in insular areas of the United States
Political parties in Puerto Rico
São Paulo Forum
Hallingdalselva

Hallingdalselva () is a river which flows through the valley and traditional district of  Hallingdal in Buskerud County, Norway. Within the valley, the river is often referred to as the Great River (Storåne).

Hallingdal River rises from within the Hardangervidda  mountain plateau. Hallingdal River is  formed by the confluence of the Usta River which flows from Lake Ustevatn and the Holselva River from  Lake Strandavatnet.  Hallingdal River flows from the north into Lake Krøderen  (Krøderfjorden) at Gulsvik.  Lake Krøderen discharges via the Snarumselva (Snamum river) at the south end of the lake.

A number of rivers flow into the Hallingdal River including the  Votna, Lya, Hemsil, Todøla and Rukkedøla. Hallingdal River has a total length of  and a catchment area of . The river falls  in its journey to Krøderen, which is  above sea-level. There are many hydro-electric power stations in the valley with an annual power production of about 4 TWh. The whole river system is now almost fully developed with a total of 13 power plants. The largest plants are Hol I-III (275 MW), Nes (250 MW), Usta (184 MW) and Hemsil I-II (152 MW). The total average annual production is approximately 4143 GWh. Most of the waterfall rights are owned by E-CO Energi.

References

External links
Fishing in the Hallingdal River

Rivers of Viken
Rivers of Norway
The Great Cow Race

The Great Cow Race is the second book in the Bone series. It collects issues 7-11 of Jeff Smith's self-published Bone graphic novels, along with the short story "Up on the Roof" which was originally published in Wizard Presents: Bone 13½. The book was first published by Cartoon Books in its original black-and-white form in 1996. Paperback and hardback coloured editions were released in 2005 by Scholastic.

This volume focuses on Gran'ma Ben's annual race against the town's cows, and Phoney and Smiley Bone's attempts to fix the race. It also delves into the deepening mystery of Thorn's past, and the brooding unrest between the valley folk and the Rat Creature tribe, between whom there has been an uneasy treaty.

Chapters

The Spring Fair 
Thorn, Gran'ma Ben, and the Bone cousins attend the spring fair: an annual market and festival that culminates in the Great Cow Race, which Gran'ma Ben always wins. Fone Bone is driven to jealousy when Tom, a handsome honey seller, flirts with Thorn. Phoney and Smiley Bone continue their work at the Barrelhaven Tavern, with Phoney sowing seeds of disquiet about Gran'ma Ben's fitness to compete in order to cheat the residents of their goods.

The Cave 
Phoney Bone arranges bets placed on his "Mystery Cow" (Smiley in disguise), intending that the latter purposely lose to justify Phoney's seizure of livestock placed at stake; whereas Thorn has a vivid dream of herself as a young child surrounded by dragons. She tells Fone Bone the dream is recurrent, and stimulated by her seeing his map, and records a childhood memory.

The Mystery Cow 
When Lucius Down convinces the townsfolk the Bones are deceiving them, Phoney and Smiley stage a charade to convince people that the Mystery Cow is indeed real. Fone Bone's attempt to write a love poem to Thorn is interrupted by the Two Stupid Rat Creatures (introduced in the initial book).

The Great Cow Race 
At the beginning of the race, Lucius bets his tavern on Gran'ma Ben, against the other bets placed on Smiley; and Phoney, in panic, joins Smiley in his cow costume, in hope of thus winning the race. When Gran'ma Ben tries to unmask the duo, they arouse a Rat Creature patrol, and the Two Stupid Rat Creatures pursue Fone Bone through the same encampment. This converts the race into a stampede of cows, Rat Creatures, and Bones; but Gran'ma Ben wins the race.

Lonesome Road 
After the race, Phoney and Smiley are forced to work off their debts washing dishes at the Barrelhaven Tavern and repairing Gran'ma Ben's farm. Lucius and Ben discuss the situation, and conclude that the Bones are not to blame.

Up on the Roof 
A vignette centering on Smiley Bone and Lucius Down as they fix the roof of the farm house, wherein Lucius becomes frustrated by Smiley's clumsiness, and Smiley reflects that his "village idiot" role has not changed since leaving Boneville.

Video game 
A video game adaptation of The Great Cow Race, Bone: The Great Cow Race, developed by Telltale Games, is available for the PC, and is a follow-up to their earlier Bone: Out from Boneville title.

References

External links 
 

Bone graphic novels
Eisner Award winners
1996 graphic novels
Cochlear aqueduct

Medial to the opening for the carotid canal and close to its posterior border, in front of the jugular fossa, is a triangular depression; at the apex of this is a small opening, the aquaeductus cochleae (or cochlear aqueduct, or aqueduct of cochlea), which lodges a tubular prolongation of the dura mater establishing a communication between the perilymphatic space and the subarachnoid space, and transmits a vein from the cochlea to join the internal jugular vein.

Additional images

References

Bones of the head and neck
The Minus 5 (album)

The Minus 5 is the self-titled seventh full-length album by American rock band The Minus 5. Featuring a lineup of Scott McCaughey, Peter Buck (of R.E.M.), Bill Rieflin, and John Ramberg, it was released in 2006 on Yep Roc Records. The album features contributions from Kelly Hogan, Colin Meloy of The Decemberists, and Sean Nelson of Harvey Danger. It is often referred to as "The Gun Album."

Track listing
Rifle Called Goodbye – 3:02
Aw Shit Man – 1:41
Out There on the Maroon – 2:37
My Life as a Creep – 2:21
With a Gun – 4:33
Cemetery Row – 3:32
Twilight Distillery – 2:57
Cigarettes Coffee and Booze – 4:25
Leftover Life to Kill – 4:23
Hotel Senator – 2:56
Bought a Rope – 4:11
All Worn Out – 2:19
Original Luke – 3:02
Japanese edition bonus tracks
All the Time – 4:19
Teenage Idol – 2:35

References

External links

The Minus 5 at Rate Your Music

2006 albums
The Minus 5 albums
Yep Roc Records albums
Eyes of the Storm

Eyes of the Storm is the third book in the Bone series. It collects issues 12-19 of Jeff Smith's Bone comic book series along with 5 previously unpublished story pages and 9 new illustrations. It marks the conclusion of the first part of the saga, titled "Vernal Equinox". The book was first published by Cartoon Books in its original black-and-white form in 1996. Paperback and hardback coloured editions were published in 2006 by Scholastic.

Synopsis

Moby Bone 
The Great Red Dragon interrupts Fone Bone's nightmare. The following day, Fone Bone asks him about the dream, and the Dragon hints that he entered the dream on purpose. Later, the Bone cousins are absorbed in rebuilding Grandma Ben's farm.

Double or Nothing 
While Phoney, Smiley, and Lucius continue to Barrelhaven through the rain, Phoney wagers that he can better operate Lucius' tavern than can Lucius himself. When they arrive at the bar, the taverngoers immediately attack Phoney Bone and Smiley Bone, but Lucius objects, on grounds that their fiscal debts have been paid and that they earlier humiliated themselves by belief in Phoney's confidence trick. He then orders the bet to commence.

Mending Fences 
When Gran'ma Ben apologizes to Bone for accusing him of causing trouble, Fone Bone shows her the map discovered in the initial book by Smiley, and she reveals that Thorn's parents were the monarchs of the realm throughout the generation-long war with the Rat Creatures, and that Thorn was moved from the palace during the "Nights of Lightning" (a series of surprise attacks by the Rat Creatures), to safety with the Dragons; but the escort party was betrayed by an accompanying nursemaid, and Thorn's parents killed. It is revealed that a dangerous, disembodied intelligence called the Lord of the Locusts has reawoken, and has the Hooded One under its command.

Dreams
Fone Bone attempts to comfort Thorn after Gran'ma Ben's revelations. At the tavern, Smiley Bone draws all the customers to the Bones' side of the bar by giving beer for no cost; but Phoney Bone stops him. The crowd are about to attack them, when Smiley Bone wishes that Fone Bone's dragon was there to protect them, and they demand what he means by this.

Things That Go Bump in the Night 
Tales of a dragon draw the townsfolk to Phoney's side of the Barrelhaven bar, and Phoney proclaims himself a dragon slayer. A hooded stranger wearing a pendant with a royal crest visits the Barrelhaven, bringing Lucius news that a huge army of Rat Creatures is approaching. Gran'ma Ben, hearing the news from Lucius via Ted the bug, and fearing for Thorn's safety, presents Thorn with her old sword and shield and insists on departure.

References 

Bone graphic novels
1996 graphic novels