alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
David Marshall Lang

David Marshall Lang (6 May 1924 – 20 March 1991), was a Professor of Caucasian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He was one of the most productive British scholars who specialized in Georgian, Armenian and ancient Bulgarian history.

Biography 
Lang was born in Bromley and was educated at Monkton Combe School and St John’s College, Cambridge where he was a Major Scholar and later held a Fellowship. As a 20-year-old graduate, he was serving as an officer in Iran in 1944 when he was appointed as acting Vice-Consul in Tabriz, Iran. He met many of the city's Armenian people and leaders.  

In 1949 he was the member of staff for the School of Oriental and African Studies at University of London. He began as lecturer in Georgian language, then as reader and in 1964 he became professor of Caucasian studies. In 1953 he held a Senior Fellowship at the Russian Institute of Columbia University and in 1965 he was a visiting professor in Caucasian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Between 1962 and 1964 he was honorary secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society of London.

Lang visited Soviet Armenia three times during the 1960s and 1970s. He visited the Soviet Union in December 1963 and was allegedly recruited at that time by the KGB, according to archivist Vasili Mitrokhin, who copied KGB files in Moscow. Mitrokhin also refers to Lang's career as an operative of English counter-intelligence. According to the dates in The Mitrokhin Archive, this would have taken place before Lang was 20 years old.

Historian Donald Rayfield alleged that Lang befriended Alexi Inauri, the head of the Georgian KGB. Inauri may have persuaded Lang to publicly denounce anti-Soviet dissidents in Georgia.

For a long time, Lang directed the Caucasian Studies Department at the University of London. He lectured in Caucasian languages and history at Cambridge and various universities around the world.

Selected bibliography
The Wisdom of Balahvar (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1957)
The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658-1832 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1957)
First Russian Radical, Alexander Radischev, 1749-1802 (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1959)
A Modern History of Georgia (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962)
The Georgians (New York: Praeger, 1966)
Armenia: Cradle of Civilization (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1970)
The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus by Charles Allen Burney and D.M. Lang (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971)
Bulgarians: From Pagan Times to the Ottoman Conquest (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976)
Lives and Legends of the Georgian Saints (New York: Crestwood, 1976)
The Armenians: A People in Exile (London: Allen and Unwin, 1981)
Armenia and Karabagh: the Struggle for Unity (London: Minority Rights Group, 1991)

Notes

See also 
Kartvelian studies

1924 births
1991 deaths
Academics of SOAS University of London
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
British expatriates in Iran
Historians of Georgia (country)
Armenian studies scholars
People educated at Monkton Combe School
20th-century British historians
Brown podzolic

Brown podzolic soils are a subdivision of the Podzolic soils in the British soil classification.  Although classed with podzols because they have an iron-rich, or spodic horizon, they are, in fact intermediate between podzols and Brown earths.  They are common on hilly land in western Europe, in climates where precipitation of more than about 900mm exceeds evapotranspiration for a large part of the year, and summers are relatively cool.  The result is that leaching of the soil profile occurs; in which mobile chemicals are washed out of the topsoil, or A horizon, and accumulate lower down, in the B horizon.

These soils have large amounts (more than 5%) of organic carbon in the surface horizon, which is therefore dark in colour.  In unploughed situations there may be a "mor" humus layer in which the surface organic matter is only weakly mixed with the mineral component.  Unlike podzols proper, these soils have no continuous leached E horizon.  This is because they are formed on slopes where, over long periods, the topsoil weathered from higher up the slope is continually being carried down the slope by the action of rain, gravity and faunal activity.  This means that fresh supplies of iron and aluminium oxides (sesquioxides) are constantly being provided, and leaching ensures a net accumulation of these compounds in the B horizon, giving an orange-brown "rusty" colour which is very distinctive.  The aluminum and ferric iron compounds in the subsoil also tend to bind the soil particles together, giving a "pellety" fine structure to the soil, and improving permeability, so that despite being in relatively high rainfall areas, the soils do not have the grey colours or mottles of gley soils.

In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, these soils are called Umbrisols, and the Soil Atlas of Europe shows a preponderance of this kind of soil in north-west Spain.  There is a tendency for the soils to occur in oceanic areas, where there is abundant rainfall throughout the year, winters are mild and summers relatively cool.  Thus they are common in Ireland, Scotland, Wales (where they occupy about 20% of the country) and western England, especially Devon, Cornwall and the Lake District. They also occur in the Appalachian Mountains and on the west coast of North America.

References

Pedology
Types of soil
Beak (disambiguation)

A beak is an anatomical structure of birds and turtles, serving as the mouth and jaws.

Beak may also refer to:

Anatomical structures
 Beak (bivalve), the oldest point on a bivalve mollusc's shell
 Beak (botany), a pointed projection on various plant parts
 Cephalopod beak, an 'inkfish' rostrum
 Rostrum (anatomy), various structures in fish, whales and invertebrates (colloquially called beak)

Arts and entertainment
 Beak (band), an English experimental electronic rock music group
 Beak (album), 2009
 Barnell Bohusk, a fictional Marvel Comics character
 "Beak", a Ty Beanie Buddy kiwi toy

British slang uses
 Cocaine
 Head teacher
 One of the teaching staff at these non-state schools:
Charterhouse School
Harrow School
Eton College
 Human nose
 Magistrate (England and Wales)

Other uses
 Beak Island, Prince Gustav Channel
 Beak, a type of molding
 Beak, a spout of a vessel such as a laboratory beaker

See also 
 Beakhead, a protruding structure on the bow of sailing ships
 Parrot's Beak (disambiguation)
WWF WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge

WWF WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge is a professional wrestling video game based on the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), released in 1992 by Acclaim Entertainment for the Nintendo Entertainment System and in 1993 for the Master System and the Game Gear handheld console. The NES version was subsequently released as a handheld TV game in 2018 under the name WWE WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge, with all references to the "WWF" name and logo replaced by "WWE" (and with two changes to the roster).

Gameplay

Modes include One-on-One (regular match and steel cage match variations), Tag Team, WWF Championship (choose one wrestler and defeat all the others to become WWF Champion), and Tag Team Championship (choose two wrestlers and defeat combinations of the rest in a series of tag team matches to become WWF Tag Team Champions).

Roster
Ten wrestlers are playable. The NES and Sega versions of the game feature Hulk Hogan, Randy Savage, Ted DiBiase, I.R.S., Bret Hart, and The Undertaker. The NES version also has Jake Roberts, Sid Justice, Roddy Piper, and The Mountie. The Sega versions replace those characters with Ric Flair, Papa Shango, Shawn Michaels and Tatanka. The TV game version features the NES roster, but with Ultimate Warrior and Razor Ramon replacing Hulk Hogan and The Mountie respectively.

All wrestlers share the same moveset, consisting of standard punches and kicks, grapples (body slam, throw, headbutt), running attacks (flying clothesline, dropkick), a powerslam to a running opponent, ground attacks (stomp, elbow drop) and a move off the turnbuckle. There are no finishing moves. However, this was the first WWF console-based game to feature a steel cage match (cage matches had previously been seen in the arcade game WWF WrestleFest).

Reception

The Game Gear version of WWF WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge received a score of 53% from Sega Master Force.

See also
 List of licensed wrestling video games
 List of fighting games

References

External links

 
 

1992 video games
Acclaim Entertainment games
LJN games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Game Gear games
Master System games
WrestleMania video games
WWE video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Professional wrestling games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Matt Furniss
Perfect Entertainment games
PAB

PAB may refer to:
 Bilaspur Airport (IATA airport code)
 Panamanian balboa, ISO 4217 currency code
 Parker Center, formerly the Police Administration Building for the Los Angeles Police Department
 Patent Appeal Board, an administrative body within the Canadian Intellectual Property Office
 Pennsylvania Association of Broadcasters
 Ping An Bank
 Planning Accreditation Board
 Poly(A)-binding protein
 Polyclonal antibody
 Pseudobulbar affect, a disorder of the expression of emotion
 Pay-as-bid auction
 Port aux Basques, a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
Kawahla people

Kawahla are an Arab tribe inhabiting Eastern Sudan. They speak Sudanese Arabic and members of this ethnicity are Sunni Muslim. There are over 40 million members worldwide, with over 2 million in Southern Egypt (Al-Ababda) and 15 million in Morocco and Mauritania 15 million in KSA and Kuwait and about 15 million in Sudan. The Kawahla are known to be the descendants of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam who migrated from the Mecca to Sudan over 1200 years ago.

Most of the Kawahla are farmers, the main crops they grow are sorghum, wheat, cotton, beans (luba) and fruits such as La loba and Nabag. Studies of the Kawahla in Kurdufan found that they migrate away from the wet season pasture to grazing land near permanent wells to wait for the dry season. In the 19th century, Hedley Vicars encountered the Kawahla, whom asked him to settle their dispute with other tribes. Lord Edward Gleichen also wrote about the Kawahla.

See also 
 Zubayrids

References

Ethnic groups in Sudan
Sudanese Arabs
Pubic tubercle

The pubic tubercle is a prominent tubercle on the superior ramus of the pubis bone of the pelvis.

Structure 
The pubic tubercle is a prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis bone. The inguinal ligament attaches to it. Part of the abdominal external oblique muscle inserts onto it. The inferior epigastric artery passes between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine. The pubic spine is a rough ridge that extends from the pubic tubercle to the upper border of the pubic symphysis.

Clinical significance 
The pubic tubercle may be palpated. It serves as a landmark for local anaesthetic of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, which lies slightly lateral to the pubic tubercle. This may also be used for the obturator nerve.

Hernias 
The pubic tubercle is a useful landmark for identifying hernias. An inguinal hernia will lie anteromedial to the pubic tubercle. A femoral hernia will lie inferolateral to the pubic tubercle.

References

External links
  - "The Coverings of the Inguinal Canal, External & Internal Oblique & Transversus Abdominis Removed"
  (, , )
 Photo at nysora.com
 Photo of dissection at chula.ac.th
 Article and diagram at studentbmj.com

Skeletal system
Bones of the pelvis
Pubis (bone)
Tecmo NBA Basketball

Tecmo NBA Basketball is a basketball video game that was released by Tecmo for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

Like Tecmo Super Bowl and Tecmo Bowl before it, the game features cinema-style cutscenes during gameplay. There is an option to play an all-star game, but unlike with Tecmo Super Bowl, there is no option to select the players on the All-Star teams. Tecmo also released a version of the game for the Super NES and Genesis, titled Tecmo Super NBA Basketball. This is the first basketball video game to feature an official license from both the NBA and the NBPA players union (however, it was not the first basketball video game to have a license from the NBA; that distinction went to Intellivision's NBA Basketball in 1980).

The game features an appearance from Michael Jordan and all current NBA teams and players from the 1991–92 NBA season. The Los Angeles Lakers team features Magic Johnson despite his not actually playing in the NBA during that season (he had announced his retirement early in the season, having never played a game in the 1991–92 season). Larry Bird, who played his last NBA game in 1992, also appears, as a member of the Boston Celtics.

References

1992 video games
National Basketball Association video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
North America-exclusive video games
Koei Tecmo franchises
Tecmo games
Video games scored by George Sanger
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in 1991
Video games set in 1992
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Ketebo people

The Ketebo people are an ethnic group in South Sudan. The Ketebo are inhabitants of Bira which is the land of the Ketebo.  Bira which was a Ugandan Protectorate until 1925 and was transferred to Sudan’s administration in 1926. The Ketebo are sometimes referred to by the Didinga as "Loceha/Loceka". The Ketebo live in Bira, which is one of the Payams of Kidepo County, Torit, Eastern Equatoria State of South Sudan. They are one of the smallest and least known tribes in South Sudan. The Ketebo in Uganda are called Mening, which is also one of the smallest tribes in Uganda. The population of this ethnic group is over 45,000.  Bira is the land of the Ketebo which include; Lofus, Madial, Lorum, Lotome, Lojilingare, Arata, Nakoringole, Lonyili, Kamulach, Tulel, Ofi, Natedo, Nahitahapel (Ihapelmoru), Naurkori, Lochorangichokio, Lokudul, Napeyase, Ogeng, Tongoborei, Kalabe (Apoka), Irobi, Narus, Koryang, Tomoodo, Koryang, Losigiria, Irobi just to mention a few.  The Ketebo people are also found in Lotukei in Budi County.  

The Ketebo clans include the following: Akafuo, Amening (Ikuruha or Black Crow), Ametere, Fatuol, Ibilei, Icarai, Igago, Ikai (Lightening), Ikorom, Ingebe, Kitimo, Kurumo, Lohutok (white chest crow), Lokuti, Lonyili, Lomiru, Melong, Moliro (squerial), Ongeja, Omiro and Ngiriwo

Language
The Ketebo speak Oketeboi and Lokathan languages. The predominant language they speak today is Oketeboi with some mixture of Dongotono.

History
In Uganda, the Ketebo or Mening lived in the area of what is now Kidepo Valley National Park since 1800, but it was gazetted as a game reserve by the British colonial government in 1958. The purpose was both to protect the animals from hunting and to prevent further clearing of bush for tsetse fly-control. After the eviction of the resident people and the resultant famine, the Ketebo people were forcefully relocated to other areas within Bira such as Napotpot, Kalo Kudo, Namosingo, Loriwo and Naurkori in South Sudan. This is cited in contemporary park management as an example of the unacceptable consequences of not taking community needs into account when designating reserves.

Economic activities
The Ketebo people were previously pastoralist in nature but due to change in climate and external influence from the neighbouring communities they are now practicing cultivation systems, with sorghum, maize and sesame as the main crops during the growing season (April to August).

Bira is isolated and inaccessible. The nearest health centers are in Ikotos,  away, and Karenga in Uganda  away.

References

Ethnic groups in South Sudan
Jenoah

Jenoah was an American indie rock band from Redlands, California, United States. They were signed to Drive-Thru Records through November 2006.  On November 30, 2006, the band announced via MySpace that they had broken up.

Discography

Morning Is When Jenoah Wakes Up
Shortly after being signed to Drive-Thru Records, Jenoah digitally released the EP, Morning Is When Jenoah Wakes Up,  as the first of two free downloadable EPs (the second being hellogoodbye's Hellogoodbye) on the label's homepage. The physical release was issued later with two bonus songs.  The album's cover art comes from a photo published on page 130 of the February 1966 issue of Playboy magazine.

Track listing
All songs written by Jenoah.
 "Wish for Alliance" – 2:51
 "Ex-Suits" – 3:58
 "Openly" – 3:33
 "Coughing Up Blood" – 3:23
 "Jamie" – 3:11

Bonus tracks
 "Wish For Alliance (Alternate Version)" – 3:03
 "Ex-Suits (Alternate Version)" – 4:16

Credits
Zachary Blizzard – drums, percussion, Vibra-Tones
Robbie Halbert – Guitar, Moog
Stephen Joshua Martinez – vocals, bass
MC  – Guitar, vocal

See also 
 Drive-Thru Records

External links
 Drive-Thru Records

American post-hardcore musical groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2006
Punk rock groups from California
Drive-Thru Records artists
Keiga Jirru people

The Keiga Jirru are a Nuba peoples ethnic group in the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan state, in southern Sudan.

They speak Tese, in the Nilo-Saharan language family. The population of this ethnicity is likely below 10,000.

References
Joshua Project

See also
Index: Nuba peoples

Nuba peoples
Ethnic groups in Sudan
Mesh (scale)

Mesh is a measurement of particle size often used in determining the particle-size distribution of a granular material.  For example, a sample from a truckload of peanuts may be placed atop a mesh with 5 mm openings. When the mesh is shaken, small broken pieces and dust pass through the mesh while whole peanuts are retained on the mesh.  A commercial peanut buyer might use a test like this to determine if a batch of peanuts has too many broken pieces.  This type of test is common in some industries, and, to facilitate uniform testing methods, several standardized mesh series have been established.

Metal surfaces mechanically polished are designated as having a mechanical finish related to the abrasive used.

Many mesh sizes were historically given in the number of holes per inch; due to the width of the wires in the mesh, mesh numbers did not correspond directly to fractional inch sizes, and several different systems standardized with slightly different mesh sizes for the same mesh numbers.

Commercial dimensions 

Equivalent mesh sizes from 5 μm to 25.4 mm also exist.

Available sieve sizes are usually regulated by standards. Those in common use are ISO 565:1990 and ISO 3310-1:2000 (international), EN 933-1(European) and ASTM E11:01 (US). EN standards are available with national 'badging'; so they appear as BS EN, FR EN, DE EN, etc.

Practical sizes 

Although such information contains long lists of sieve sizes, in practice sieves are normally used in series in which each member sieve is selected to pass particles approximately 1/ smaller in diameter or 1/2 smaller in cross-sectional area than the previous sieve.  For example the series 80mm, 63, 40, 31.5, 20, 16, 14, 10, 8, 6.3, 4, 2.8, 2 mm is routinely available in many European countries or the series with the larger steps 63, 31.5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 mm, 500 μm, 250, 125, 63 μm is commonly used to grade aggregates in the construction industry.  Such series are somewhat derived from the principles originally established by Renard and now known as Renard series. Some users replace some of those indicated above with 45, 22.4, 12.5, 11.2 and 5.6 mm sieves, mostly because of historical usage of such sizes in their country or industry.

References

External links
A comparison of widely used sieve size specifications

Customary units of measurement
Systems of units
Granulometric analyses
Juissi

Juissi is a brand of juices and energy drinks belonging to the Finnish company Marli.

Flavors of Juissi include pineapple-orange, strawberry, lemon-lime, mixed (apple, green grape and raspberry), fruit (grapefruit, pineapple, passion fruit, pear and apple), pear, blueberry-raspberry, Red Energy and Green Energy. All of them are sold in one liter cartons except for mixed flavor, which can also be found in two liter cartons, and Red and Green Energy, which are sold in 0.75 liter cartons.

References
 Oy Marli Ab 

Juice brands
Finnish brands
Finnish drinks
Helium ionization detector

A helium ionization detector (HID) is a type of detector used in gas chromatography.

Principle
An HID connected to a gas chromatograph (GC) has the great advantage to use helium as both the carrier gas and the ionization gas. An HID is an ion detector which uses a radioactive source, typically β-emitters, to create metastable helium species. The radioactive source ionizes helium atoms by bombarding them with emissions. The metastable helium species have an energy of up to 19.8 eV. These metastable helium species can ionize all compounds with the exception of neon which has a greater ionization potential of 21.56 eV. As components elute from the GC's column they collide with the metastable helium ions, which then ionize the components.  The ions produce an electric current, which is the signal output of the detector.  The greater the concentration of the component, the more ions are produced, and the greater the current.

Application
HIDs are sensitive to a broad range of components.  They must use helium as a carrier gas.

HID is classified as a mass sensitive detector, which means that its signal is proportional to the mass of analyte entering the detector per unit time. The analytes are destroyed during reaction, therefore, it is considered a destructive detector.

The drawback to HIDs are that they contain a radioactive source.  In the United States, this means they fall under a number of federal regulations concerning their use in the workplace, shipping, disposal, etc. Discharge ionization detectors have generally supplanted them.

References

Gas chromatography
Helium
Pinch pot

A pinch pot is a simple form of hand-made pottery produced from ancient times to the present. The pinching method is to create pottery that can be ornamental or functional, and has been widely employed across culture. The method used is to simply have a lob of clay, then pinch it to the shape desired. 

Pinch pots are the simplest and fastest way of making pottery, simply by pinching the clay into shape by using thumb and fingers. Simple clay vessels such as bowls and cups of various sizes can be formed and shaped by hand using a methodical pinching process in which the clay walls are thinned by pinching them with thumb and forefinger. It is a basic pot making method often taught to young children or beginners.

The process begins with a ball of clay. Thumbs are pushed into the center, and then rudimentary walls are created by pinching and turning the pot. The pot is then pushed on a flat surface to create a flat surface, thereby creating the base. A base can be made by rolling three coils and pressing them together, and then onto the bottom of the pot. Pinched, compressed clay may also be used as a base for building coil pots. The base of the pot is less prone to cracking when formed this way.

Thumb pot

In gardening, a thumb pot is a small pinch pot about the size of a plum, traditionally made from a small ball of clay into which the potter has pushed a single thumb to form the interior of the pot. Thumb pots are now also made commercially in large quantities with machinery instead of by hand. They are typically used to grow plants from seed, to be replanted later in the ground or a larger pot.

See also
Use in Mexican pottery

References

Pottery
William Boggs

William Boggs may refer to:

 William Ellison Boggs (1838–1920), chancellor of the University of Georgia
 William Robertson Boggs (1829–1911), Confederate general during the American Civil War
 Bill Boggs (born 1941), American TV presenter and journalist
 William Brenton Boggs (1918–2011), Canadian leader in military and commercial aviation
 William Benton Boggs (1854–1922), Louisiana politician
Churute Mangroves Ecological Reserve

Manglares Churute Ecological Reserve is located in the Guayas Province of Ecuador. The  nature reserve is located  from Guayaquil.

Fauna
The many lakes located in the park are great ways to view many aquatic birds and tortoises. Ducks, herons, woodpeckers, badgers, anteaters, shrimp and crabs inhabit the inlets in the lakes.

Flora
Near the water are many mangrove formations. Oak, ebony, silk-cotton trees and balsa are some trees found in the dry forests. Around most of the park orchids and bromeliads cover the landscape.

Attractions
Canoe trips through mangrove areas allow the viewing of many unique species of Fauna. 
Hiking is also an option here.

See also

List of national parks in Ecuador

Nature reserves in Ecuador
Geography of Guayas Province
Tourist attractions in Guayas Province
Protected areas established in 1979
1979 establishments in Ecuador
Wiltz (river)

The Wiltz (, ) is a river flowing through Belgium and Luxembourg, joining the Sauer at Goebelsmuhle.  The Clerve is a tributary of the Wiltz.

External links

International rivers of Europe
Rivers of the Ardennes (Belgium)
Rivers of the Ardennes (Luxembourg)
Rivers of Belgium
Rivers of Luxembourg
Rivers of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Wiltz
Kichepo people

Kichepo are a surmic ethnic group of South Sudan and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia.  They speak Kichepo, a dialect of Kacipo-Balesi, which is part of the Surmic language family. The population of this group is above 10,000.

References

Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
Ethnic groups in South Sudan
Departments of Mauritania

The Regions of Mauritania are subdivided into 44 departments. The departments are listed below, by region:

Adrar Region

Atar Department
Chinguetti Department
Oujeft Department
Ouadane Department

Assaba Region

Aftout Department
Boumdeid Department
Guerou Department
Kankossa Department
Kiffa Department

Brakna Region

Aleg Department
Bababe Department
Bogué Department
M'Bagne Department
Magtar Lahjar Department

Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region

Nouadhibou Department

Gorgol Region

Kaedi Department
M'Bout Department
Maghama Department
Monguel Department

Guidimaka Region

Ould Yenge Department
Sélibaby Department

Hodh Ech Chargui Region

Amourj Department
Bassikounou Department
Djigueni Department
Néma Department
Oualata Department
Timbedra Department

Hodh El Gharbi Region

Ayoun el Atrous Department
Kobenni Department
Tamchekket Department
Tintane Department

Inchiri Region

Akjoujt Department

Nouakchott-Nord Region

Dar-Naim Department
Teyarett Department
Toujouonine Department

Nouakchott-Ouest Region

Ksar Department
Sebkha Department
Tevragh-Zeina Department

Nouakchott-Sud Region

Arafat Department
El Mina Department
Riyad Department

Tagant Region

Moudjeria Department
Tichit Department
Tidjikja Department

Tiris Zemmour Region

Bir Moghrein Department
Fderîck Department
Zouérat Department

Trarza Region

Boutilimit Department
Keur Massene Department
Mederdra Department
Ouad Naga Department
R'Kiz Department
Rosso Department

References

See also

Regions of Mauritania
Geography of Mauritania

 
Subdivisions of Mauritania
Mauritania, Departments
Mauritania 2
Departments, Mauritania
Mauritania geography-related lists
Ixiolirion

Ixiolirion is a genus of flowering plants native to central and southwest Asia, first described as a genus in 1821. Recent classifications place the group in the monogeneric family Ixioliriaceae in the order Asparagales of the monocots. In earlier systems of classification, it was usually placed in the family Amaryllidaceae.

The genus name – composed of Ixio- and  ('lily') – means 'Ixia-like lily'.

There are four species in this genus and family
 Ixiolirion ferganicum Kovalevsk. & Vved. - Kyrgyzstan
 Ixiolirion karateginum Lipsky - Pakistan, Tajikistan
 Ixiolirion songaricum P.Yan - Xinjiang
 Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. - Altai Krai, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Persian Gulf sheikdoms, Kashmir, Xinjiang

Gallery

References

External links 
 Ixioliriaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006. http://delta-intkey.com 
 NCBI Taxonomy Browser
 links at CSDL, Texas

Asparagales genera
Ixioliriaceae
Stockholm dialects

Stockholm dialects () are the forms of Swedish spoken in Stockholm. An exact definition encompassing its peculiarities is hard to find, as a cosmopolitan culture and early adoption infers a great variety of international influences that are then spread to the rest of Sweden, and, as Stockholm is a highly urbanized area, the dialects of Stockholm are more likely to undergo rapid changes than dialects spoken in rural areas.

Some word endings are typical of Stockholm dialects. When windmills were used they were given female names ending in -an. For instance a windmill owned by a Dutchman () would be called  ("Dutchwoman"). The -an ending was later adopted for other places. For instance, Kungsträdgården became  and  ("library") became . 

Another ending is -is from Latin although in practice it is used roughly as a diminutive or to add familiarity. Examples include  (Medborgarplatsen) or  (Rålambshovsparken). Some of these words, such as  for  ("preschool"), have spread into colloquial Swedish in general.

References

Culture in Stockholm
Swedish dialects
Ten Bloody Marys & Ten How's Your Fathers

Ten Bloody Marys & Ten How's Your Fathers is a compilation album by the English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello and his backing band the Attractions, comprising tracks not previously released on albums. It is largely made up of B-sides, but features three previously unreleased recordings. It was released only in the United Kingdom, initially only on cassette, though later in other formats.

Its track listing is very similar to that of the North America-released album Taking Liberties; the differences are that on the latter, the tracks "Watching The Detectives", "Radio, Radio" and "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love and Understanding" are replaced by "Night Rally", "(I Don't Want to Go to) Chelsea" and "Sunday's Best".

Track listing
All songs written by Elvis Costello except as indicated.

Side one
 "Clean Money" (previously unreleased) – 1:57
 "Girls Talk" (B-side of "I Can't Stand Up for Falling Down", 1980) – 1:56
 "Talking in the Dark" (B-side of "Accidents Will Happen", 1979) – 1:56
 "Radio Sweetheart" (B-side of "Less Than Zero", 1977) – 2:24
 "Big Tears" (B-side of "Pump It Up", 1978) – 3:10
 "Crawling to the USA" (from soundtrack to Americathon, 1979) – 2:52
 "Just a Memory" (B-side of "New Amsterdam", 1980) – 2:14
 "Watching the Detectives" (non-album single, 1977) – 3:43
 "Stranger in the House" (non-album single, 1978) – 3:01
 "Clowntime Is Over" (Version 2, B-side of "High Fidelity", 1980) – 3:44

Side two
 "Getting Mighty Crowded" (Van McCoy) (B-side of "High Fidelity", 1980) – 2:05
 "Hoover Factory" (previously unreleased) – 1:43
 "Tiny Steps" (B-side of "Radio, Radio", 1978) – 2:42
 "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love and Understanding" (Nick Lowe) – 3:31
 "Dr. Luther's Assistant" (B-side of "New Amsterdam", 1980) – 3:28
 "Radio, Radio" (non-album single, 1978) – 3:04
 "Black and White World (No. 2)" (previously unreleased) – 1:51
 "Wednesday Week" (B-side of "Accidents Will Happen", 1978) – 2:02
 "My Funny Valentine" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) (B-side of "Oliver's Army", 1979) – 1:25
 "Ghost Train" (B-side of "New Amsterdam", 1980) – 3:05

References

Albums produced by Elvis Costello
Albums produced by Nick Lowe
B-side compilation albums
1980 compilation albums
F-Beat Records compilation albums
Elvis Costello compilation albums
Discharge ionization detector

A discharge ionization detector (DID) is a type of detector used in gas chromatography.

Principle
A DID is an ion detector which uses a high-voltage electric discharge to produce ions.  The  detector  uses  an  electrical  discharge  in  helium  to
generate high energy UV photons and metastable helium which  ionizes  all  compounds  except  helium.   The ions produce an electric current, which is the signal output of the detector.  The greater the concentration of the component, the more ions are produced, and the greater the current.

Application
DIDs are sensitive to a broad range of components.
In Air Separation plants they are used to detect the components CO; CH2; C+; N2; O2 in Argon product in ppm range.

DIDs are non-destructive detectors.  They do not destroy/consume the components they detect.  Therefore, they can be used before other detectors in multiple-detector configurations.

DIDs are an improvement over Helium ionization detectors in that they contain no radioactive source.

References

Gas chromatography
Ice detector

An ice detector is an instrument that detects the presence of ice on a surface. Ice detectors are used to identify the presence of icing conditions and are commonly used in aviation, unmanned aircraft, marine vessels, wind energy, and power lines.

Ice detection can be done with direct and indirect methods. Direct methods identify the presence of atmospheric icing conditions, i.e. the presence of supercooled water droplets. Indirect methods infer the presence of icing conditions by either detecting ice accretions on a surface, or by changed vehicle performance behavior.

References

Aircraft instruments
Detectors
Balashov (town)

Balashov () is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the Khopyor River. Population:  It was previously known as Balashovo (until 1780).

History
It has been known as the selo of Balashovo () since the end of the 18th century. In 1780, it was granted town status and became known as Balashov.

Between 1954 and 1957, it was the capital of the Balashov Oblast of Russian SFSR.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Balashov serves as the administrative center of Balashovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Balashov Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Balashov Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated within Balashovsky Municipal District as Balashov Urban Settlement.

Military
It was home to the Balashov air base.

Geography
The town is located on the Khopyor River.

Climate
Balashov has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with long cold winters and warm, often hot summers.

Notable people 
 Denis Baryshnikov, footballer
 Yuri Garnaev, test-pilot
 Anatoly Vlasov, theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and especially in plasma physics.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Official website of Balashov 
Directory of organizations in Balashov 

Cities and towns in Saratov Oblast
Balashovsky Uyezd
Building Big

Building Big is a book written by David Macaulay, author of the book series The Way Things Work. The book details the design of about 25 famous structures, broken down into five categories: Bridges, Tunnels, Dams, Domes, and Skyscrapers. The buildings cover construction from Roman times to the modern era.

PBS has created a television series based on the book.

External links
Website of Building Big

2000 non-fiction books
Architecture books
Kirovo-Chepetsk

Kirovo-Chepetsk () is a town in Kirov Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Cheptsa and the Vyatka Rivers,  east of Kirov. Population:

Geography
The 50th eastern meridian runs exactly through the town.

History
It was founded in the mid-15th century as the village of Ust-Cheptsa (). Town status was granted to it in 1955.

In 1954, an ice hockey team called “Khimik” ("Chemist") was founded in the city. In 1964, the team was named Olimpiya Kirovo-Chepetsk. Famous pupils of the team: Alexander Maltsev, Vladimir Myshkin, Andrey Trefilov.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kirovo-Chepetsk serves as the administrative center of Kirovo-Chepetsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Kirovo-Chepetsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Kirovo-Chepetsk is incorporated as Kirovo-Chepetsk Urban Okrug.

Notable people
 Former Soviet national hockey team players Vladimir Myshkin and Alexander Maltsev
 Yury Patrikeyev, Olympic bronze medalist and European champion in wrestling representing Armenia.

References

Notes

Sources

External links

Official website of Kirovo-Chepetsk 
Kirovo-Chepetsk Business Directory kirovo-chepetsk.jsprav.ru 
Unofficial website of Kirovo-Chepetsk  

Cities and towns in Kirov Oblast
North Island takahē

The North Island takahē () (Porphyrio mantelli) is an extinct rail that was found in the North Island of New Zealand.

Description 
This flightless species is known from subfossils from a number of archeological sites and from one possible 1894 record. It appeared to have been even larger than the related South Island takahē (P. hochstetteri) and, if it did survive until the 1890s, would have been the largest rail in historic times.

Taxonomy 
Traditionally the North Island takahē was considered conspecific with the endangered South Island takahē. Trewick (1996) presented evidence that the two taxa were independently derived from flying ancestors, so proved to be separate species.

The binomial of this bird commemorates the naturalist and civil servant Walter Mantell.

Extinction 
The decline of the species has generally been attributed to the increasing incursion of forest into the alpine grasslands through the Holocene, although hunting by the Māori also may have played a big role.

References

 Phillipps, W. J. (1959): The Last (?) Occurrence of Notornis in the North Island. Notornis 8(4): 93–94. 
 Trewick, S. A. (1996): Morphology and evolution of two takahe: flightless rails of New Zealand. J. Zool. 238: 221–237.
 Worthy, Trevor H. & Holdaway R. N. (2002): The lost world of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. .

External links

North Island Takahe - BirdLife Species Factsheet

North Island takahē
Birds of the North Island
Extinct flightless birds
Bird extinctions since 1500
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
Extinct birds of New Zealand
North Island takahē
Steve Bullock (British politician)

Sir Steve Bullock   (born 1953) is a British politician who served as the first directly elected mayor of the London Borough of Lewisham from 2002 to 2018.

Early life

Born in Redcar, North Riding of Yorkshire, Bullock began his career as a van driver for Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea Urban District Council in 1972. He later worked as a policy adviser for Ken Livingstone at the Greater London Council, as Chief Executive of Greenwich Community Health Council and as Head of the Labour Group Office at the Local Government Association. Having served on the independent Commission for Local Democracy, Bullock was a founder member of the New Local Government Network.

Political career

Elected to the London Borough of Lewisham council in 1982, Bullock then went on to serve as Chair of Finance, Chair of Leisure, Deputy Leader, and Leader of the Council prior to standing down from the council in 1998. Following this, he served as Chair of University Hospital Lewisham NHS Trust. Bullock's partner is Kris Hibbert, a former fellow councillor.

In 2001, Bullock was elected back to Lewisham council in a by-election before seeking the Labour nomination for the new post of elected mayor, having publicly supported the proposal (as chair of the hospital trust) in the October referendum campaign. He was subsequently elected in the first mayoral election.

Bullock was re-elected in the May 2006 Lewisham mayoral poll and became the Labour vice-chair of the Association of London Government later that year. He also served as Deputy Leader of the Local Government Association Labour Group. Bullock was re-elected as mayor of Lewisham in the May 2010 election and again in 2014. He was the London Council's executive lead for housing and vice chair of Homes for London.

New Bermondsey
Bullock became involved in a controversy in January 2017 regarding his links to former colleagues (Dave Sullivan and others) who set up a company called Renewal, which bought land near Millwall's football stadium, The New Den. In 2016 the company asked Lewisham for a CPO (Compulsory Purchase Order) for Lewisham to buy up land leased by the football club. There was a suggestion that the club would have to leave the area. The plan was eventually scrapped, and Lord Dyson, a former Master of the Rolls, convened an Enquiry to look into the matter.

Lord Dyson's report in late 2017 ruled that there had been “no impropriety, lack of due diligence, or breach of a code of practice on the part of any Council officer or member."

Honours
Bullock was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2007 Birthday Honours for services to local government.

Following his retirement as mayor, he was commissioned by the Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London, Sir Kenneth Olisa OBE to serve as the Representative Deputy Lieutenant for Lewisham.

References

External links
 
 

1954 births
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Mayors of places in Greater London
Councillors in the London Borough of Lewisham
Deputy Lieutenants of Greater London
Knights Bachelor
Living people
People from Redcar
Labour Party (UK) mayors
Leaders of local authorities of England
CHSJ-FM

CHSJ-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 94.1 FM in Saint John, New Brunswick. The station plays a country format under the Country 94 branding. CHSJ is owned by Acadia Broadcasting, which also owns sister station CHWV-FM.

History
Originally known as CFBO, CHSJ's first broadcast was at 890 AM in March 1928, under the ownership of C.A. Munro Limited. The current call letters were adopted in 1934 when four Saint John newspaper publishing shareholders — Howard P. Robinson, J.D. McKenna, T. F. Drummie and L. W. Bewick saw great potential for little CFBO and purchased it from Mr. C.A. Monro. After the sale CHSJ was owned by the Saint John Publishing Company.

The current CFBO call letters have been assigned to the frequency of 90.7 MHz, branded as BO-FM as an adult contemporary francophone format radio station, broadcasting in Moncton since 2004.

From 1934 to 1936, the station was an affiliate of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission. In 1936, CHSJ affiliated with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and later with the CBC Trans-Canada Network. CBC station CBD went on the air in 1964 but CHSJ is listed as remaining a CBC Radio affiliate until at least 1980.

In 1944, Kenneth C. Irving purchased Saint John Publishing from its principal shareholder Howard P. Robinson. Along with the city's two newspapers he acquired the CHSJ station as part of the group. Later that year the company's name was changed to the New Brunswick Publishing Company. One of its operations was New Brunswick Broadcasting, responsible for radio station CHSJ. In 1947, CHSJ-FM signed on the air at 100.5 MHz, which became a co-owned station of the CHSJ that signed on in 1927 as CFBO. CHSJ-FM left the air in 1954.

CHSJ changed its AM frequency several times: to 1210 kHz in 1933, to 1120 in 1934, to 1150 in 1945, and to 700 in 1988. (The station was originally approved to move to 700 in 1985.) On December 3, 1986, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) denied an application by New Brunswick Broadcasting to convert CHSJ to 94.1 MHz with 100,000 watts. In 1998, however, CHSJ received approval by the CRTC to convert CHSJ to 94.1 MHz.

References

External links
 Country 94
 
 

Hsj
Hsj
Hsj
Radio stations established in 1928
1928 establishments in New Brunswick
Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission
CHSJ

CHSJ may refer to:

 CHSJ-FM, a radio station (94.1 FM) licensed to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
 CBAT-TV, a television station (channel 4) licensed to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, which held the call sign CHSJ-TV from 1954 to 1994
Vyatskiye Polyany

Vyatskiye Polyany () is a town in Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vyatka River,  southeast of Kirov. Population:

History
It has been known since 1596. A railway passed through it in 1915. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1938 and town status—in 1942.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Vyatskiye Polyany serves as the administrative center of Vyatskopolyansky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Vyatskiye Polyany—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Vyatskiye Polyany is incorporated as Vyatskiye Polyany Urban Okrug.

Economy
Vyatskiye Polyany is a town with economy centered on a single enterprise, the Molot factory. The factory was active in machine building and was oriented to the military industry. In 2009, it became unprofitable, and in 2010, it stopped. The salaries were not paid for months. The authorities initiated the programs of diversification of the industry and of reorientation of the factory.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Kirov Oblast
Vyatka Governorate
Monotowns in Russia
Ignaz von Olfers

Ignaz Franz Werner Maria von Olfers (30 August 1793 – 23 April 1871) was a German naturalist, historian and diplomat. Olfers was born in Münster. In 1816 he travelled to Brazil as a diplomat.

In 1839 he was made director of the royal art collections and had significant influence on Frederick William IV of Prussia for a re-development of the Museumsinsel, Berlin. Together with architect Friedrich August Stueler, he developed the concept of the Neues Museum, Berlin and had great influence on organisation and presentation of exhibits and interior. His daughter was the writer and illustrator Marie von Olfers.

Olfers described a number of new mammal species in Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege's Journal von Brasilien (1818).

In 1819, Olfersia which is a genus of ferns (in the family Dryopteridaceae) from South America, was published, then a species of South American snake, Philodryas olfersii (in 1823), and frog, Physalaemus olfersii (in 1856), were all named in his honour.

See also
:Category:Taxa named by Ignaz von Olfers

References

1793 births
1871 deaths
German diplomats
19th-century German zoologists
People from Münster