alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Milnor's sphere

In mathematics, specifically differential and algebraic topology, during the mid 1950's John Milnorpg 14 was trying to understand the structure of -connected manifolds of dimension  (since -connected -manifolds are homeomorphic to spheres, this is the first non-trivial case after)  and found an example of a space which is homotopy equivalent to a sphere, but was not explicitly diffeomorphic. He did this through looking at real vector bundles  over a sphere and studied the properties of the associated disk bundle. It turns out, the boundary of this bundle is homotopically equivalent to a sphere , but in certain cases it is not diffeomorphic. This lack of diffeomorphism comes from studying a hypothetical cobordism between this boundary and a sphere, and showing this hypothetical cobordism invalidates certain properties of the Hirzebruch signature theorem.

See also 

 Exotic sphere
 Oriented cobordism

References 

Differential topology
Algebraic topology
Topology
Nepenthes masoalensis

Nepenthes masoalensis  is one of two tropical pitcher plant species from Madagascar, the other being N. madagascariensis.

Nepenthes masoalensis is known only from eastern Madagascar; it occurs in the Masoala Peninsula and the Mount Ambato region. It has been recorded from Pandanus and Sphagnum swamps, mountain ridgetops, and xerophytic vegetation. Nepenthes masoalensis is a lowland species, growing at 0–400 m altitude.

References

Further reading

 Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. 
  Lecoufle, M. 1985. A la découverte du Nepenthes masoalensis (1). Dionée 5.
  Lecoufle, M. 1987. A la découverte du Nepenthes masoalensis (suite). Dionée 11.
 McPherson, S. 2010. An expedition to Madagascar. Planta Carnivora 32(1): 6–13.
 Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. 
  Meimberg, H. 2002.  Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
 Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. 
 Schlosser, E. 2005. Notes on some little known carnivorous plants from Madagascar. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(4): 100–105.
 Schmid-Hollinger, R. 1982. Nepenthaceæ. In: B. Jonsell, M. Keraudren-Aymonin & R. Schmid-Höllinger. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores: Famille 84 — Crucifères / Famille 85 — Moringacées / Famille 86 — Népenthacées / Famille 87 — Droséracées. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. pp. 41–51. .
  Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes masoalensis. bio-schmidhol.ch. 

masoalensis
Carnivorous plants of Africa
Endemic flora of Madagascar
Endangered flora of Africa
Saeed Madibo

Saeed Madibo is the Nazir (paramount chief) of the Baggara Rizeigat of South Darfur. His family has held this position since the 1870s and were recognized as paramount chiefs by the British following the conquest of Darfur in 1916.

Since succeeding his brother as Nazir, Saeed has steadfastly followed a policy of neutrality in the Darfur conflict. He is head of tribal commission that governs Ed Daen. a region in Sudan.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Sudanese politicians
People from Darfur
Sima Maoying

Sima Maoying (; 393? or 403/4? – 439) was a princess of the Eastern Jin dynasty (with the title Princess Haiyan (海鹽公主)) and an empress consort of the Liu Song dynasty. Her father was Emperor Gong of Jin, and her husband was Emperor Shao of Song.

Life 
Sima Maoying was a daughter of Emperor Gong and his wife, Chu Lingyuan.  She must have been created princess during her father's brief reign (419–420), and it was also at that time that she married Liu Yifu (the future Emperor Shao), then the heir apparent to the powerful general Liu Yu (the future Emperor Wu of Song). In 420, her father-in-law forced her father to yield the throne to him, ending Jin and establishing Liu Song. He created Liu Yifu crown prince, and she therefore carried the title of crown princess.  In 421, he had her father killed.  In 422, after Liu Yu died, Liu Yifu took the throne as Emperor Shao, and she was created empress.

However, in 424, officials whom Liu Yu had left in control of the government deposed Emperor Shao, believing him to be unfit to be emperor, demoting him to the title of Prince of Yingyang (营阳王).  Empress Sima was therefore also demoted to Princess of Yingyang.  Soon, the officials had Liu Yifu killed.  They replaced him with his capable brother Liu Yilong (as Emperor Wen), and Emperor Wen, in 432, posthumously had his nephew Liu Lang (劉郎) (a son of his brother Liu Yigong (劉義恭) the Prince of Jiangxia) adopted into Liu Yifu's line as his son and created Liu Lang the Prince of Nanfeng (南丰王).  The former Empress Sima therefore carried the title Princess Dowager of Nanfeng.  She died in 439.

Notes 

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|-

|-

Liu Song empresses
393 births
439 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) people
Terrence Melton

Terrence Lee Melton (born January 1, 1977) is a former American football linebacker. He was signed by the Houston Thunderbears as a street free agent in 2000. He played college football at Rice.

Melton also played for the Arizona Rattlers, Saskatchewan Roughriders, Atlanta Falcons, New Orleans Saints, Carolina Panthers and Baltimore Ravens.

Professional career

Florida Tuskers
Melton was traded to the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League on August 25, 2009.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1977 births
Living people
Players of American football from Miami
American football linebackers
American football fullbacks
American players of Canadian football
Arizona Rattlers players
Canadian football linebackers
Rice Owls football players
Houston ThunderBears players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Atlanta Falcons players
New Orleans Saints players
Carolina Panthers players
Baltimore Ravens players
Florida Tuskers players
Virginia Destroyers players
Jessica Harmon

Jessica Harmon (born December 27, 1985) is a Canadian actress and director. She portrayed Esrin in the Syfy science fiction web series Battlestar Galactica: The Face of the Enemy (2008–2009), FBI Agent Dale Bozzio in the CW supernatural drama series iZombie (2015–2019), and Niylah in the CW science fiction drama series The 100 (2016–2020).

Harmon co-starred as Megan Helms in the slasher film Black Christmas (2006), Heather Dalton in the science fiction horror film Hollow Man 2 (2006), and as Jill Eikland in the action horror film Dead Rising: Endgame (2016). In 2010, she won a Leo Award for Best Performance in a Music, Comedy, or Variety Program or Series for her role in the television pilot Wolf Canyon.

Early life
Jessica Harmon was born on December 27, 1985, in Barrie, Ontario, Canada. Her parents are director Allan Harmon and producer Cynde Harmon. Her brother is actor Richard Harmon, with whom she co-starred in the CW science fiction series The 100.

Filmography

Film

Television

Director

References

External links
Official site

Jessica Harmon at the Battlestar Wiki

Living people
1985 births
Canadian film actresses
People from Barrie
Actresses from Ontario
Canadian people of Italian descent
Ney González Sánchez

Ney González Sánchez (born January 25, 1963) is a Mexican politician and the former Governor of Nayarit (2005–September 18, 2011).  González Sánchez studied law in the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN)  He is married to Maria del Rosario Mejía González, and has three children, Charo, Estefania and Ney. In 2005, Ney González was elected Governor of the State of Nayarit. He took office in September 2005.

References

Living people
1963 births
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Governors of Nayarit
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Congress of Nayarit
20th-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
Politicians from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Autonomous University of Nayarit alumni
Municipal presidents of Tepic
Nepenthes petiolata

Nepenthes petiolata (; from Latin: petiolatus "petiolate", referring to leaf attachment) is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines, where it grows at an elevation of  above sea level.

Natural hybrids
? N. alata × N. petiolata
? N. petiolata × N. truncata

Nepenthes petiolata may itself have evolved from a cross between N. alata and N. truncata. Examples of other Nepenthes species with a putative hybrid origin include N. hamiguitanensis, N. hurrelliana, and N. murudensis.

References

Further reading

 Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. 
 Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 191(2): 545–554. 
 Cantley, R. 2000. Nepenthes of the Philippines. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
 Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
 Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
 Mann, P. 1998. A trip to the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 6–11.
 McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen Eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60(1): 34–78.
 Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. 
  Meimberg, H. 2002.  Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
 Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. 
 Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. 

Carnivorous plants of Asia
petiolata
Plants described in 1928
Endemic flora of the Philippines
Flora of Mindanao
Taxa named by Benedictus Hubertus Danser
Dulwich Park

Dulwich Park is a  public park in Dulwich in the London Borough of Southwark, south London, England. The park was created by the Metropolitan Board of Works from former farmland and meadows. While the initial design was by Charles Barry (junior), it was later refined by Lt Col JJ Sexby (who also designed Battersea and parts of Southwark Parks). It was opened in 1890 by Lord Rosebery. From 2004 to 2006, the park was restored to its original Victorian layout, following a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund. The park is listed Grade II on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Dulwich Park contains a café, boating lake and numerous sporting facilities. Various types of recumbent bicycles are available for hire. Cars have not been permitted to drive inside the park since 2003, with the exception of disabled badge holders, but there is a fee-paying car park at the College Road entrance.

Architecture
The gates and lodges surrounding the park are listed Grade II on the National Heritage List; these include the park lodges next to the Old College and Rosebery gates, and the Queen Mary, Court Lane, Rosebery, and Old College gates and their attached railings.

On 20 December 2011, a sculpture by Barbara Hepworth, Two Forms (Divided Circle) that resides in the park, was cut from its plinth and stolen by suspected scrap metal thieves.

Sport
The park is the home of Dulwich Park Runners, a minor running club. A Parkrun takes place each Saturday. There is also an active bowling club that operates every summer from April until September. Bowling has operated on the green in the middle of the park since 1900.

See also
 Old College Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club

References

Further reading
 Edwin T. Hall, Dulwich - History and Romance A.D. 967-1916 (1917)
 Liz Johnson, Dulwich Park: A Park for the People Forever (2005)

External links
London Borough of Southwark — Dulwich Park
Dulwich Park Friends

1890 establishments in England
Buildings and structures completed in 1890
Parks established in the 1890s
Protected areas established in 1890
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Southwark
Park
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark
Grade II listed parks and gardens in London
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
CBD Media

CBD Media LLC (formerly Cincinnati Bell Directory) is a division of Local Insight Media that publishes telephone directories under the Cincinnati Bell name. The company was created in 2002 following the sale of Cincinnati Bell Directory to a consortium led by Spectrum Equity.

CBD Media publishes the Cincinnati Bell Yellow Pages, which consists of 15 directories, published under the "Real Pages" name. CBD Media also operates CincinnatiBellYellowPages.com, the electronic yellow pages directory for Cincinnati Bell.

The company was acquired by Local Insight Media Holdings in 2007. Local Insight Media owned Local Insight Yellow Pages, the former directory division of Windstream. 

In 2009, Local Insight acquired The Berry Company from AT&T, and changed its own name to The Berry Company LLC.

See also
Engels Maps

References

External links
Cincinnatibellyellowpages.com

Advertising agencies of the United States
Directories
Mass media in Cincinnati
Publishing companies established in 2002
Cincinnati Bell
Publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in Cincinnati
2002 establishments in Ohio
Pierre Deniker

Pierre Deniker (16 February 1917, in Paris – 17 August 1998) was involved, jointly with Jean Delay and J. M. Harl, in the introduction of chlorpromazine (Thorazine), the first antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, in the 1950s. Thorazine had been used in surgical procedures peri-operatively as an anti-nausea medication in France. Patients were noted to be less anxious and calmer. This observation eventually led Deniker to try chlorpromazine with patients who had schizophrenia, where he observed notable improvement in symptoms.

The pharmaceutical company Smith-Kline had purchased the chlorpromazine rights from Rhone-Poulenc in France and had been marketing it as an anti-nausea medication. After Deniker's observations, they sought and received FDA approval in 1954 to market Thorazine for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Role in French resistance
During the second world war, Deniker and Professor Pasteur Vallery-Radot took active part in French Resistance. In 1943, they enrolled one hundred young medical students of Paris to make center of First Aid Workers. They wore military uniforms, and took care of the civilian population after bombing of towns by Germans. They also treated people returning from Germany especially the deportees and the prisoners of war.

References

1917 births
1998 deaths
Physicians from Paris
French psychiatrists
20th-century French physicians
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Afif-Abad Garden

Afif-Abad Garden (), originally the Gulshan Garden (), is a museum complex in Shiraz, Iran.

in the affluent Afif-Abad district of Shiraz, the complex was constructed in 1863. It contains a former royal mansion, a historical weapons museum, and a Persian garden, all open to the public.

History
The Gulshan Garden is one of the oldest gardens in Shiraz.

During the Safavid dynasty, it was used as a palace by the Safavid Kings.

The current main building was constructed by Mirza Ali Mohammad Khan Qavam II in 1863. He bought a nearby qanat to water his garden. After his death, the garden was eventually inherited by his niece, Afife; thus being called "Afif-Abad".

In 1962, it was restored by the army. It now functions as a weapons museum.

Gallery

See also
Persian garden
Persian architecture

References

Houses completed in 1863
Museums in Iran
Architecture in Iran
Houses in Iran
Persian gardens in Iran
Buildings and structures in Shiraz
Tourist attractions in Shiraz
Masi Marjamäki

Masi Marjamäki (born January 16, 1985) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who most recently played for Cardiff Devils in the UK EIHL. He previously iced for Piráti Chomutov of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

Playing career
Marjamäki, a 6'2" 205 pound left wing, was originally drafted by the Boston Bruins as the 66th overall pick in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. However, he never came to terms with the Bruins and re-entered the draft in 2005, where he was the 144th overall pick by the New York Islanders.

He played his junior hockey first in his hometown Porin Ässät before moving over the ocean to the Red Deer Rebels and the Moose Jaw Warriors of the WHL before becoming professional in the 2005–2006 season.

After totaling 31 points (9 goals and 22 assists) along with 77 penalty minutes in 75 games for Bridgeport (the Islanders' top affiliate) in the 2005–06 season, Marjamäki was called up by the big club and made his NHL debut on April 18, 2006 against the Philadelphia Flyers, logging 5 minutes and 17 seconds of glory.

Marjamäki is known for his gritty, physical style of play but is also a good stickhandler who can put points on the board. He has received comparisons to Kirk Maltby of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings.

After a frustrating start to the 2007–08 AHL season in which Marjamäki was scratched every game, he asked the Islanders to be reassigned to Finland. The Islanders granted his request and he spent the season playing for Ässät.

Marjamäki was signed by Ilves in 2008, and played there until his injury in early 2012–13 season. He was unable to play at all in the 2013–14 season, and signed with local rival Tappara for the 2014–15 season with an additional one year option.

In the 2015–16 season, he played one year for Ässät before joining Jokerit to play in KHL. He played total 61 games for Jokerit during one and a half seasons before joining Almtuna IS of the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan.

On October 4, 2018, Marjamäki having left Sweden as a free agent continued his career in the Czech Republic, agreeing to a one-year contract with Piráti Chomutov of the ELH for the 2018–19 season.

In July 2019, Marjamäki moved to the UK to sign for the EIHL's Cardiff Devils.

Coaching
Marjamäki became the Skills Coach for the AJHL Blackfalds Bulldogs in the 2021-22 season.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1985 births
Almtuna IS players
Porin Ässät (men's ice hockey) players
Boston Bruins draft picks
Bridgeport Sound Tigers players
Finnish ice hockey left wingers
Ilves players
Jokerit players
Living people
Moose Jaw Warriors players
New York Islanders draft picks
New York Islanders players
Piráti Chomutov players
Ice hockey people from Pori
Red Deer Rebels players
Tappara players
Cardiff Devils players
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Wales
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in the Czech Republic
Harold Koplow

Harold Koplow (November 21, 1940 – November 4, 2004), an American computer scientist and one of the early developers of office automation equipment, was raised in Lynn, Massachusetts. When his father developed health problems, Koplow became a pharmacy technician at his father's store, Broadway Pharmacy. After graduating from Swampscott High School, he was accepted at both MIT and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, and opted for the latter because he hadn't received a scholarship at MIT.

He married in 1962 after graduating from pharmacy school.  He then enrolled at Tufts University for a graduate degree in Physics. He briefly worked as a school teacher before joining Wang Laboratories, where he programmed calculators.  One of his programs permitted a Wang calculator to interface with an IBM Selectric typewriter, which could be used to calculate and print the paperwork for auto sales.  

Koplow's interface program was developed, in 1974, into the Wang 1200 Word Processor, an IBM Selectric-based text-storage device.  The operator of this machine typed text on a conventional IBM typewriter; when the Return key was pressed, the line of text was stored on a cassette tape.  One cassette held roughly 20 pages of text, and could be "played back" (e.g., the text retrieved) by printing the contents on continuous-form paper in the 1200  typewriter's "print" mode. The stored text could also be edited, using keys on a simple, six-key array.  Basic editing functions included Insert, Delete, Skip (character, line), and so on.  

The labor and cost savings of this device were immediate, and remarkable:  pages of text no longer had to be retyped to correct simple errors, and projects could be worked on, stored, and then retrieved for use later on.  The rudimentary Wang 1200 machine was the precursor of the Wang Office Information System (OIS), which revolutionized the way typing projects were performed in the American workplace. 

When Wang acquired Philip Hankins, Inc. (PHI), Koplow met Dave Moros, with whom he would later collaborate to create the Wang Word Processing System. This and other office automation products that were created in Koplow's department were among the most successful products in Wang's history.

Koplow left Wang in 1982 because of conflicts with Fred Wang. He lived briefly in California before moving to Gainesville, Florida where he lived until he died in 2004.

1940 births
2004 deaths
American computer businesspeople
People from Gainesville, Florida
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences alumni
Gerry Boulet

Joseph Gaétan Robert Gérald (Gerry) Boulet (March 1, 1946 – July 18, 1990) was a French Canadian rock singer. Most famous as vocalist for the Quebec rock band Offenbach, he also released two solo albums. He is considered one of the innovators of rock music in the joual language of French Quebec.

Career
Born and raised in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, he started in music with the band Les Gants Blancs (literally "The White Gloves"), which evolved into Offenbach, in 1969.

In 1985, Boulet recorded his first solo album, Presque 40 ans de blues. The following year, the band performed a farewell concert at the Montreal Forum.

In 1987 he was diagnosed with colon cancer. Boulet released his second solo album, Rendez-vous doux, in 1989. Some songs in this album clearly talk about his fight to stay alive. The album won him three Félix Awards in 1989 for Best Rock Album, Best Rock Concert and Best Television Special; in 1990, he won two more posthumous Félix Awards, including Song of the Year for "Un beau grand bateau" and a special tribute award. Rendez-vous doux held the title of the best-selling album of all time by a Québécois artist through the early 1990s, until it was surpassed in 1996 by Céline Dion's D'eux.

On July 18, 1990, Boulet died in Montreal of cancer.

Legacy
In 1991 his solo debut was reissued under the new title Gerry, while in 1994 Dan Bigras produced a recording of Boulet's previously unreleased rock opera Jézabel.

Offenbach reunited in 1996, with Martin Deschamps on vocals. In 1998, the live album Gerry Boulet...en rappel was released.

Gerry, a biographical film about his life, was launched in theatres on June 15, 2011. The film was directed by Alain DesRochers, and stars Mario Saint-Amand as Boulet.

Discography

 Presque 40 ans de blues (1984)
 Rendez-vous doux (1988)
 Gerry (1991)
 Jézabel (1994)
 Gerry Boulet...en rappel (1998)

References

External links
  Gerry Boulet

1946 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Canadian male singers
Canadian rock singers
Deaths from cancer in Quebec
French Quebecers
French-language singers of Canada
People from Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Singers from Quebec
Nepenthes deaniana

Nepenthes deaniana (; after Dean C. Worcester) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines, where it grows at an altitude of 1180–1296 m above sea level. The species is known only from the summit region of Thumb Peak, a relatively small, ultramafic mountain in Puerto Princesa Province, Palawan.

Nepenthes deaniana has no known natural hybrids. No forms or varieties have been described.

In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. gantungensis, N. leonardoi and N. mira as heterotypic synonyms of N. deaniana.

Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer recorded a plant from Mount Pulgar (now known as Thumb Peak) matching the description of N. deaniana. He made mention of this discovery in the April 20, 1912 issue of Leaflets of Philippine Botany, in his formal description of N. graciliflora:

Recently the writer [Elmer] observed a large sterile species on mount Pulgar of Palawan. Some of its pitchers were a foot long and six inches thick!

References

Further reading

 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. 
 Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
 McPherson, S. 2007. The Type Form of Nepenthes deaniana. Carnivorous Plants UK, July 19, 2007. 
 McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen: eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60: 34–78.
 McPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 4–19.
 McPherson, S.R. 2011. Comparison of the highland Palaweño Nepenthes. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 364–381.
 Mey, F.S. 2013. Nepenthes deaniana in cultivation. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, July 30, 2013.
 Miles, J. 2012. Discovering a lost world of rat-eating plants in the Philippines. Friday, October 9, 2012.
 Schlauer, J. 1995. Re: Nepenthes. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, October 5, 1995.
 Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature reviews. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.
 Lecture on Plant Hunting – Royal Horticultural Society 6th May 2014. [video] Redfern Natural History Productions.

External links

Photographs of N. deaniana at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder

Carnivorous plants of Asia
deaniana
Endemic flora of the Philippines
Flora of Palawan
Plants described in 1908
Court of Cassation (Senegal)

The Court of Cassation () is the highest court in Senegal. It is based on the model of the French Court of Cassation.

See also
Politics of Senegal
Court of cassation (for a list of other courts of cassation around the world)

Judiciary of Senegal
Senegal
Peter J. Cutino Award

The Peter J. Cutino Award, named after former college water polo player and UC Berkeley coach Peter J. Cutino, is considered the most prestigious individual award in American collegiate water polo. It is given annually to the top male and female player in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

History 
The award was first presented in 1999 by the Trustees of The Olympic Club in San Francisco. The Club, founded in 1860 to support amateur athletics in the Bay Area, is one of America's oldest athletic clubs. Nominees for the Cutino Award are selected by the Division I water polo coaches. These coaches vote for three players as nominees, none of which can be members of their own team. The eventual winner is voted on again by the same coaches, who now rank the nominees and can vote for members of their own teams. The Olympic Club, which tabulates the votes, does not release the number of votes to avoid manipulation of the totals. Each winner receives a brass and walnut trophy, and the perpetual trophy is on display at the Olympic Club of San Francisco.

Originally the award was announced after the end of both the men's (December) and women's (May) college seasons. Former major league baseball commissioner and US Olympic Committee chair Peter Ueberroth, himself once a water polo player at San Jose State, presented the first awards on January 22, 2000. The 2001 women's winner, Coralie Simmons, was presented with her award almost a year after her season had ended because the Trustees decided to change the cycle to coincide with the academic year. Thus in June 2002, Simmons won the 2001 award, while Brenda Villa received the 2002 women's Cutino at the same ceremony. The nominees are now announced each spring, before the end of the women's NCAA water polo season, but well after the men's season ends in December of the prior year. The award ceremony is held at an Olympic Club facility in San Francisco, shortly after the Women's NCAA Championship is decided.

Peter J. Cutino Award winners 

(Source: Olympic Club)
(Source: Swimming World Magazine)
(Source: Swimming World Magazine)

Notes

See also 
 USA Water Polo Hall of Fame

External links
NCAA Water Polo
 The Olympic Club of San Francisco
Swimming World Magazine

Water polo in the United States
College sports trophies and awards in the United States
Water polo trophies and awards
Charles Fey

Charles Fey (born August Fey in Vöhringen, Kingdom of Bavaria; September 9, 1862  – November 10, 1944) was a San Francisco mechanic best known for inventing the slot machine.

Career and invention

His father Karl worked as a sexton at the Ulm Minster cathedral and had fifteen children with Charles' mother Maria. As a teenager, Fey worked for a farming tool manufacturer, gaining his first skills, which heavily influenced his career.

In 1877, Charles Fey moved to France to work there, and spent some time in England too, before leaving for the United States  at age twenty-three, where his uncle lived in New Jersey.

Fey traveled all over the USA and settled in San Francisco, California where he started working at the Western Electric Works company in 1885. Later he started his own company together with Theodore Holtz and Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze: this company worked with electrical equipment and telephones.

In the 1880s, slot machines required an attendant to make a payout, usually tickets or tokens.  Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze's "Horseshoe Slot Machine" of 1893 was the first machine to include an automatic payout mechanism. In 1895, Fey invented a modified version of the Horseshoe that paid out coins; this machine became incredibly popular.

Fey opened a slot machine workshop in 1896 or 1897.

In 1898, he designed the "Liberty Bell Slot Machine," the most famous slot machine of its day. When three bells aligned, it paid fifty cents. Fey installed and managed his machines in saloons throughout San Francisco. Because gambling was illegal in California, Fey could not patent his device, leading to many competitors.

Personal life 

In San Francisco, Fey met Marie Christine Volkmar (1866–1942), but their courtship was interrupted by illness. In the early 1880s, Fey had been diagnosed with tuberculosis; in accordance with scientific knowledge at the time, he moved to a warmer climate (Mexico) for a few years, before returning to San Francisco for a series of creosote treatments, which were successful. He married Marie in 1889. The couple had three daughters and one son.

During this time, Fey changed his name from August to Charles, supposedly because he did not like the nickname "Gus."

After settling in San Francisco, he stayed there except for a brief spell in Mexico, to recover from a bout of tuberculosis in a warmer climate.

Further reading
 Marshall Fey: Slot Machines: A pictorial history of the first 100 years of the world's most popular coin-operated gaming device. Liberty Belle Books, Reno (Nevada) 1989, ISBN 978-0-962385-20-9.
 Gerhard Reiter: Charles Fey. Erfinder der Liberty Bell Slot Machine. In: Geschichte im Landkreis Neu-Ulm, Landkreis Neu-Ulm, Series: Geschichte im Landkreis Neu-Ulm, 5. Jahrgang 1999, ISBN 3-9804730-5-8, S. 131–138.

References

External links
 Nevada State Museum Fey Slot Machine Virtual Exhibit
 

1862 births
1944 deaths
People from Neu-Ulm (district)
Emigrants from the German Empire
Immigrants to the United States
20th-century American inventors
Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
John Rheinecker

John Philip Rheinecker (May 29, 1979 – July 18, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers.

High school years
Rheinecker attended Gibault Catholic High School in Waterloo, Illinois, and was a letterman in baseball. He grew up in Hecker, Illinois and first starred at the Hecker Dome. In baseball, as a senior, he batted .438 and as a pitcher, posted a 7-11 record and a 2.49 ERA.

College and professional career
Prior to playing professional baseball, Rheinecker attended Belleville Area Community College and Southwest Missouri State. He was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in 2001.

After signing with the A's, Rheinecker spent the next four seasons in the organization's farm system. On March 31, 2006, Oakland traded him (along with infielder Freddie Bynum) to the Texas Rangers for pitcher Juan Dominguez.

A southpaw starting pitcher, Rheinecker made his major league debut April 22, 2006, in a game against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. On his 27th birthday (May 29, 2006, which was also Memorial Day), Rheinecker made his second start for the Rangers, pitching 8 shutout innings and earning his first major league win. For most of the 2006 season, he was shuttled back and forth between the Rangers and their Triple-A affiliate, the Oklahoma RedHawks.

Rheinecker was hit by a pitch from Noah Lowry in his only Major League plate appearance on June 28, 2006. , he is one of only six players in history to be hit by a pitch in his only Major League turn at bat.

During the April 27–30, 2007, four game series at Toronto, Rheinecker forgot his passport, and thus could not play in the games.

Rheinecker was diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and underwent surgery to remove a rib to alleviate the symptoms. Arthroscopic shoulder surgery was performed on May 24, 2008, to clean up the shoulder joint. This caused him to miss the entire 2008 season other than two minor league rehab starts. He became a free agent at the end of the season.

Death
On July 18, 2017, Rheinecker died after hanging himself in a garage. According to family members, Rheinecker had been dealing with depression. His wife Jamie told investigators that he performed heavy alcohol use, and it was determined that he was under the influence of alcohol when he hanged himself. He was survived by his wife Jamie, two children, and two stepchildren.

References

External links

1979 births
2017 deaths
2017 suicides
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of German descent
Arizona League Rangers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Midland RockHounds players
Missouri State Bears baseball players
Modesto A's players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
People from Monroe County, Illinois
Sacramento River Cats players
Southwestern Illinois Blue Storm baseball players
Sportspeople from Belleville, Illinois
Baseball players from St. Clair County, Illinois
Suicides by hanging in Missouri
Texas Rangers players
Vancouver Canadians players
Visalia Oaks players
Howz

In traditional Persian architecture, a howz () is a centrally positioned symmetrical axis pool. If in a traditional house or private courtyard, it is used for bathing, aesthetics or both. If in a sahn of a mosque, it is used for performing ablutions. A howz is usually around  deep. It may be used as a "theatre" for people to sit on all sides of the pool while others entertain.

Howz is a feature of the Persian gardens.

Gallery

See also
 Architecture of Iran
 Shadirvan

References

Mosque architecture
Architecture in Iran
Arabic architecture
Fountains
Islamic gardens
Islamic architectural elements
Persian gardens
Persian words and phrases
Iranian inventions
Passive cooling
Passive ventilation
Eiron

In the theatre of ancient Greece, the eirōn () "dissembler" was one of various stock characters in comedy. The  usually succeeded by bringing down his braggart opponent (the  "boaster") by understating his own abilities. The eiron lends his name to the related concept of irony.

History
The  developed in Greek Old Comedy and can be found in many of Aristophanes' plays. For example, in The Frogs, after the God Dionysus claims to have sunk 12 or 13 enemy ships with Cleisthenes (son of Sibyrtius), his slave Xanthias says "Then I woke up."

The philosopher Aristotle mentions the  in his Nicomachean Ethics, where he says: "in the form of understatement, self-deprecation, and its possessor the self-deprecator" (1108a12). In this passage, Aristotle establishes the eirōn as one of the main characters of comedy, along with the .

Irony
The modern term irony is derived from the  of the classical Greek theatre. Irony entails opposition (not mere difference) between the actual meaning and the apparent meaning of something.

See also
 Bômolochus
 Maieutics

References

Sources
 Abrams, M. H., ed. 1993. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 6th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College.
 Carlson, Marvin. 1993. Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. .
 Frye, Northrop. 1957. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. London: Penguin, 1990. .
 Janko, Richard, trans. 1987. Poetics with Tractatus Coislinianus, Reconstruction of Poetics II and the Fragments of the On Poets. By Aristotle. Cambridge: Hackett. .

External links
Character Functions according to Northrop Frye

Ancient Greek theatre
Male characters in theatre
Stock characters in ancient Greek comedy
24 Hours on Craigslist

24 Hours on Craigslist is a 2004 American documentary film that captures the people and stories behind a single day's posts on the classified ad website Craigslist. The film, made with the approval of Craigslist's founder Craig Newmark, is woven from interviews with the site's users, all of whom opted in to be contacted by the production when they submitted their posts on August 4, 2003. The documentary screened in nine film festivals during 2004 and 2005, winning a 'best feature documentary', and played in a limited, self-distributed, theatrical release in 2005 and 2006.  The film was released on DVD on April 25, 2006.

Synopsis

24 Hours on Craigslist tells the story of 121 people who used Craigslist on August 4, 2003.

Production
Michael Ferris Gibson, an independent filmmaker, was inspired one night in early 2003 to surf every category of Craigslist's San Francisco.  Three hours later he had the inspiration for 24 Hours on Craigslist. After spending five more hours drafting a treatment, he contacted Craig Newmark about the idea.  Two days later Michael met with Jim Buckmaster, Craigslist's CEO, and Craig Newmark to discuss the film concept: creating a documentary entirely 'from' Craigslist; crew, cast, and music would all be sourced from the site.

Newmark picked the chosen day out of a hat from which to generate the user posts that were used in the film. The production filmed the individuals and followed their stories and interactions with other users over the next three months.

Film festivals
Several different versions of 24 Hours on Craigslist screened in nine different film festivals around the world.  In addition, the film was selected to screen in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in April 2005 by HotDocs for its monthly screening series Doc Soup.

2004
South by Southwest
International Documentary Film Festival – Amsterdam

2005
San Francisco Independent Film Festival
Against Gravity Film Festival (Poland)
Newport Beach Film Festival
Idaho Film Festival
Vail Film Festival
DeadCENTER Film Festival
Toofy Film Festival (Winner Best Feature Documentary)

Awards
Best Documentary Feature - Toofy Film Fest 2005
Best Local Film - East Bay Express Readers' Choice Awards 2006

Commercial distribution
The director and producer of the film distributed 24 Hours on Craigslist theatrically in the United States and Canada under the distribution label of Zealot Pictures. Heretic Films released the film on DVD on April 25, 2006.

References

External links
Official website

2004 films
American documentary films
Craigslist
Documentary films about the Internet
2004 documentary films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
English-language documentary films
Necromancer (2005 film)

Necromancer (, translit. Jom kha mung wej) is a 2005 Thai drama film directed by Piyapan Choopetch and starring Chatchai Plengpanich and Akara Amarttayakul. It is very loosely based on the 1996 killing of some drug dealers by police, but with an added dimension of witchcraft battles between police and ex-police.

Plot
Itti (Chatchai Plengpanich) is a former police officer, now convicted criminal, and endowed with powerful black magic abilities that make him a feared prisoner. He is moved to solitary confinement in a specially constructed cell, but with his mind-reading abilities, is able to detect a weakness in the one jailor who brings him food. In his interactions with the jailor, he is able to take over the man's mind and use the man to help him escape.

A young police officer, Santi (Akara Amarttayakul) is assigned to track Itti down, and in confronting Itti, Santi becomes increasingly obsessed with gaining magical powers himself.

Release and reception
Produced by RS Film, Necromancer was released in Thai cinemas on March 10, 2005.

Chatchai Plengpanich won the best actor award for his role at the Thailand National Film Awards.

The film has been released on Region 3 DVD, with English subtitles, and was marketed in English-speaking territories with the tagline: "Someone's out to hex you."

External links
 

2005 films
Thai supernatural horror films
RS Film films
Thai horror films
Cumulative sentence

Cumulative sentence may refer to:

Grammar
 Loose sentence, or cumulative sentence, a type sentence structure 
an independent clause followed by a series of dependent clauses (contrast with periodic sentence)

Law
 Consecutive terms of imprisonment. See Sentence (law)
James William Cannon

James William Cannon (born Mecklenburg County, North Carolina April 25, 1852 – December 21, 1921) was an American industrialist, and founder of the Cannon Mills Corporation and the City of Kannapolis, North Carolina. He was the maker of the first towel ever manufactured in the South. His son was Charles Albert Cannon and his great-grandson is Robin Hayes, a former Republican congressman from North Carolina.

References

1852 births
1921 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
American manufacturing businesspeople
American textile industry businesspeople
People from Kannapolis, North Carolina
19th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from North Carolina
V.I.P. (talk show)

V.I.P. (Very Interesting People) is a Canadian talk show that aired from 1973 to 1983, generally during the Canadian summer months. Lorraine Thomson was host/interviewer.

Guests included:
 Group of Seven artist A. J. Casson 
 actress Nanette Fabray 
 actor John Forsythe 
 musician André Gagnon 
 actor Lorne Greene 
 British Prime Minister Edward Heath
 astronaut James Irwin 
 actor George "Spanky" McFarland of Our Gang 
 British actress Anna Russell 
 hockey player Darryl Sittler

Episodes from this series were rebroadcast on Canadian cable network Bravo from 1998 to 2002.

External links 

 Queen's University Directory of CBC Television Series (VIP archived listing link via archive.org)

CBC Television original programming
1973 Canadian television series debuts
1983 Canadian television series endings
1970s Canadian television talk shows
1980s Canadian television talk shows
Foxfish

The foxfish, Bodianus frenchii, is a species of wrasse native to the temperate marine waters in southwestern Western Australia to eastern South Australia, and from southern Queensland to eastern Tasmania, at depths  between 10 and 40 m.  A gap in the distribution of foxfish occurs through Victoria. Its length is up to 45 cm.

Description
The foxfish is brown, red, or orange with two spots on the back. When foxfish are juveniles, they are brown and have three yellow patches with a black area around the pectoral fin.

Habitat and biology
Foxfish are typically found living under ledges and in caves. It is a long lived species which may attain ages of 60 or more years. Foxfish are protogynous hermaphrodites, and they spawn several times during the late spring and the summer. They form distinct pairs when breeding.

Human uses
The foxfish is caught as bycatch in trawl fisheries off the coasts of New South Wales and Western Australia. In Western Australia it is a quarry for recreational anglers and the state applies bag limits. It is also taken for the aquarium trade and is prized in the United States.

Taxonomy and etymology
Bodianus frenchii was formally described in 1879 as Cossyphus frenchii by Carl Benjamin Klunzinger with the type locality given as King George Sound, Western Australia.  The specific name honours Herr French, who was an assistant to Dr V. Muller, who was the collector of many types of Australian fishes described by Klunzinger. The vernacular name, "foxfish", is thought to be taken from the misapplied binomial Bodianus vulpinus, as to most eyes this fish bears no resemblance to a fox.

There is a gap in the distribution of the foxfish off the coast of Victoria and the eastern and western populations show morphological differences and may be separated into different species.

References

Sources
 
 

Foxfish
Taxa named by Carl Benjamin Klunzinger
Fish described in 1880
Honda Z50J

The Honda Z50J (early versions, 1972-1978, sometimes referred to as Z50J1) is a motorcycle produced by Honda belonging to its Honda Z series family of mini bikes. The j-series came after the m-series (1966-1969) but the very first Honda Monkey was the Z100 from 1961 made for the amusement park Tama Tech in Tokyo Japan. It was followed by the commercial version CZ100 in 1964.

The Z50J (J1) began production in 1973 and those were sold as 1974 models for the European and Japanese markets. In its first few years of production, it was mostly the same as its American counterpart, the Honda Z50A produced since 1972. 

But in 1978, when Honda dropped the Z50A from its American motorcycle lineup, the European Z50 continued to evolve with a new drop-shaped tank and bicycle style seat, often referred to as the Z50J2. It was produced until 1999.

Fewer Z50J2 were being produced each year and were finally sold only as limited editions. Finland had its own edition of the Z50J2 through the 1980s to 1999 since it was registered as a moped in Finland and not a motorcycle. 1987-99 Finnish models used non-foldable "BMX" style handlebars; they did not come with indicators, had 6 volt lighting, and most were black and red in colour.

See also
 List of scooter manufacturers
 Minibike
 Pocketbike
 Pit bike
 Types of motorcycles

Z50J
Minibikes
Motorcycles introduced in 1973