alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Ull

In Norse mythology, Ull (or Ullr or Uller) is the son of Sif, and the stepson of Thor. He is thought to be the god of Winter, of hunting, of hand-to-hand combat, and of the willow tree. His name means "glory". He was said to be a great archer and skier who left blazing trails across the sky. 

For this reason he is celebrated in modern times as the god of skiing. His name is used as a name for ski lodges like the House of Ullr at Thredbo, New South Wales. ULLR Labs make smartphone applications to help people avoid avalanches.

Norse gods and goddesses
Thrud

Þrúðr, sometimes written as Thrúd, is a daughter of the gods Sif and Thor in Norse mythology. Although her name is mentioned in the Prose Edda, it gives no direct powers or other information about her. Thrúd is also one of the valkyries described in Grímnismál (stanza 36). Thrúd is the goddess of power, of trees, flowers and the grass. Her name means strength in Old Norse.

Norse gods and goddesses
Hugin and Munin

Hugin and Munin are two ravens, commonly associated with Odin. They bring Odin news from the world, when he sends them out. Their names translate as thought and memory, respectively.

Norse mythology
Hel (goddess)

Hel is a goddess of Norse mythology. Her father is Loki, and her mother is Angrboða, a giantess. Her siblings are Jörmungandr and Fenrir. Her task is to reign over the realm of the dead, also called Hel or Neifelheim, where the dead peacefully go to in the afterlife to wait until Ragnarok, the end of the gods and Asgard. The people who go there are those who did not die in battle, but instead died a peaceful death. She watches over those who die, but are not chosen by the Valkyries to go to Valhalla or chosen by Freyja to enter her household.  

Hel is half dead and half alive due to complications of her father and her mother. Half of her face is beautiful, like that of her father, while the other half is ugly and difficult to look at like her mother. From the waist up the skin is pink, alive and healthy. Below the waist is dead and rotting. This is the personification of the belief that death can be a good thing or a tragedy. Hel's underworld is not the Christian hell of eternal punishment for all, but a world of rewards or punishment for each as earned in life.

Norse gods and goddesses
Afterlife
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Runestone

A Runestone or Rune stone is a large stone, with runes inscribed on it, dating from the early Middle Ages. Currently, about 6000 such stones are known to exist in Scandinavia. About half of them date from the tenth and eleventh century, and were found in Sweden. Most of them are like grave stones. They announce the life and death of a local person. About 10 percent of the known stones tell about the travels and deaths of persons abroad. Some of these texts are similar to what Scandinavians who travelled to Byzantium have written in Latin.

Norse mythology
Balcony

A balcony is a kind of floor at a certain height, which stands out from the building. Usually, there is some kind of balustrade so people do not fall off.

There is a possibility to protect the balcony with a glazing. So called balcony glazings are important for certain areas that are heavily influenced by weather or noise. Assemblers, which create designs and static evaluation for the balcony glazing, are necessary to integrate the glazing conform with regulations and laws. Because if the glazing is assembled in the wrong way, parts could fall off and damage property or persons.

Unlike a terrace, balconies and also their balustrade need a static evaluation, so they don't take damage over time and can permanentely hold their visitors.

References

Architectural elements
Bergstraße Route

Bergstraße ("Mountain Road") is the name of a mountain route, and the area around it, which stretches across the western edge of the Odenwald in southern Hesse and northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 

The name "Bergstraße" also refers to the district Kreis Bergstraße, the independent wine-growing region of Hessische Bergstraße and the Badische Bergstraße in the Baden wine-growing area.

Route
The route goes almost straight from north to south at the spot where the Rhine lowlands meet the western edge of the Odenwald. The name comes from the road's route along the foot of the mountains, the Rhine lowlands once being too damp to build a road there.

The route mostly follows the modern B3 road. It begins in Darmstadt and, after passing through Eberstadt, splits into the "Old Bergstraße" and the "New Bergstraße", which goes somewhat farther to the west. The two routes meet again at Zwingenberg.

In Weinheim-Lützelsachsen the route splits into an old and a new Bergstraße again. The new one passes west of the old route as far as Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim, where the two meet once more. The route carrying on after the Neckar from Heidelberg to Wiesloch is still usually known as the Bergstraße, even though the type of country and climate typical of the Bergstraße is no longer as clear.

Other websites 
 http://www.bergstrasse.de
 http://www.kreis-bergstrasse.de
 http://www.ferienstrasse-bergstrasse.de
 http://www.bergstraesser-wein.de
 http://www.geo-naturpark.de

Baden-Württemberg
Hesse
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region spanning Europe and Asia bordered on the north by Russia, on the east by the Caspian Sea, on the south by Iran, on the southwest by Turkey, and on the west by the Black Sea. Caucasia includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands.  

The Caucasus Mountains are commonly recognised as a natural border between Asia and Europe. Countries in the Caucasus are considered to be in one or both continents, with Armenia and Azerbaijan considered transcontinental, and Georgia largely considered European.  The northern portion of the Caucasus is known as the Ciscaucasus and the southern portion as the Transcaucasus.  The highest peak in the Caucasus is Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) which, in the western Ciscaucasus in Russia, is generally considered the highest point in Europe.

List of countries

Sovereign states
 Georgia
  Armenia
 Azerbaijan

Disputed territories
 Abkhazia - claimed but not controlled by Georgia
 South Ossetia - claimed but not controlled by Georgia
 Artsakh - claimed but not controlled by Azerbaijan

Autonomous republics of the Russian Federation 
 Dagestan
 Chechnya  
  Kabardino-Balkaria
 North Ossetia-Alania

Myths and Legends 
The Biblical Mount Ararat where Noah's Ark landed is known as the landmark of the ancient Armenian realm. The peak of Ararat is seasonally capped with snow. In Greek mythology, the Caucasus or Kaukasos was one of the pillars supporting the world. Prometheus was chained there by Zeus. The Roman poet Ovid placed Caucasus in Scythia and said it was a cold and stony mountain which was the abode of personified hunger.

Related pages
Transcontinental nation
Indo-European languages
Languages of the Caucasus
Russian-Circassian War

References 
Caucasus: A Journey to the Land Between Christianity and Islam By Nicholas Griffin
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus By Svante E. Cornell
The Caucasus By Ivan Golovin

Other websites 
 BBC News: North Caucasus at a glance, September 8 2005
United Nations Environment Programme map: Landcover of the Caucasus 
United Nations Environment Programme map: Population density of the Caucasus 
 Information about the history

 
Ottoman Empire
Hamidian massacres

The Hamidian massacres took place around 1895 until 1897. The estimated number of Armenians killed are around 100,000 - 300,000.

These events are known by the Armenians as the "Great Massacres". The Armenians believed the Hamidian measures showed the extension of the Turkish state to do a systematic policy of murder and plunder against a small population. The Armenian revolutionary groups started around the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1878 and grew with the first introduction of Article 166 of the Ottoman Penal code 166, and the raid of Erzerum Cathedral. 

Article 166 was meant to control the possession of arms, but it was used to target Armenians by not letting them possess arms. Local Kurdish tribes were armed to attack the defenseless Armenian population. Some diplomats said that the aim of these groups was to commit massacres so as to show counter-measures, and to invite "foreign powers to intervene," as Istanbul's British Ambassador Sir Philip Currie seen in March 1894. Even some Turkish authors admit the that this was just a pretext for the massacres.

References 

Anti-Armenianism
Massacres in Turkey
Armenian Genocide
Alfred Pampalon

Alfred Pampalon (24 November 1867 – 30 September 1896) was born in the city of Lévis, Quebec, and died at 28 in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré. He was a Redemptorist priest known for having a deep faith in God and a deep love of Mary. He is a patron for people with addictions.

His character and early life 
He was known to be a modest, prayerful person, and was thought of as honest and pure by his classmates.

Religion in his life 
Pampalon was devoted to Mary; before going to a Redemptorists' monastery, he went to a statue of Mary and asked her to pray for the monks to let him join. The Monastery allowed him to join despite his poor health, because they saw his strong desire to become a Redemptorists father. While training to become a Roman Catholic priest his fellow students asked him how he managed to study philosophy so well, and he replied he imagined Mary was asking him the questions. He would make his head touch the floor and pray to her daily, and while dying he would pray to her throughout the day.

Later years and death 
At the age of 26, Pampalon found out that he had tuberculosis. During this time he stayed devoted to God, moving back to Quebec to be a priest there. While dying from tuberculosis he gave communion, baptized people, and heard confessions. Before his death he was in constant pain, and would spend his days in prayer. The night before he priest died, he said in a soft voice "O death..., O holy death..., come..., do come! O divine Savior..., my hope is in your merits... I am happy... to suffer for you! I want to go to Heaven... to see you and Mary," After this he got up and sang the Magnificat in a loud voice. He has become known as the "Hail Mary Saint" because of this.

Other websites 
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 Biography at Christian Answers to your Questions 
 Biography at Catholic 
 Novena to the Servant of God Father Alfred Pampalon

1867 births
1896 deaths
Canadian Roman Catholics
People from Quebec
Armenian Oblast

Armenian oblast (1828-1840 AD) was an oblast (province) around eastern Armenia. It was created by the Russians when they took over Eastern Armenia, a large number of Armenians moved back from Persia to Armenia and about 35000 Muslims (Azeris, Kurds and Lezgins) and various nomadic tribes left the area.

History of Armenia
1828 establishments
1840 disestablishments
Saint Hripsime Church

St. Hripsime is a church in Ejmiadzin, Armenia. It was built in 618. It is one of the oldest churches in Armenia. St. Hripsime is also known for its fine Armenian architecture. This style of architecture was used again when they built many churches in Armenia.

Churches in Armenia
618 establishments
Establishments in Armenia
7th-century buildings and structures‎
Armenian language

The Armenian language is an Indo-European language that is spoken by Armenians.

It is the official language of Armenia and the occupied region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities all over the world. It is written by its own Armenian alphabet. The language has two standard forms: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian.

References 

 
Languages of Europe
Armenian diaspora

The Armenian diaspora is a term used to describe the communities of Armenians living outside of Armenia. Of the total Armenian population living worldwide which was estimated to be 8,000,000 in 2004, only about 3,000,000 live in Armenia and about 120,000 in the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh.

Other websites 
Armenian Diaspora Population
Carol Vorderman

Carol Jean Vorderman (born 24 December 1960) is a British television presenter. She was born in Bedford and raised in Prestatyn, North Wales. Her father was Dutch; her mother is Welsh. She studied engineering at Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge. She is best known for the Channel 4 game show Countdown in which she checked the number solutions from the contestants and provided the correct ones if they weren’t spotted, she was on the show from 1982 to 2008 and from 1989 onwards, she became the co-host with Richard Whiteley when she also put up the letters and numbers tiles. She was devastated when Whiteley died in 2005. She is a regular panellist on ITV1 talk show Loose Women. She was a contestant in the second series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2004. In 2013 she presented a series about cooking on ITV called Food Glorious Food. She has written books about detox diets.

References

Other websites

British television presenters
British television talk show hosts
Channel 4 presenters
ITV presenters
People from Bedford
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1960 births
Living people
Automobiles of the 1920s

Vintage cars - the title is given to vehicles manufactured between 1919 and 1930. For some categories, the age range is up to 1925.

Automobiles have changed considerably since 1893 due to the more efficient ways for new cars to be developed and designed. The car industry was thriving in the 1920s. There were many new types of cars. In the beginning of the 1920s many of the soldiers returning from World War I bought automobiles. People started to see that having a car would make traveling much easier. Soon almost every American family had a car. Ford was the big car maker but other companies were also big at the time. Ford cars, such as the Ford Model T, were popular because they were cheap  and very reliable. When new Ford models came out people would always get the newer version. They also had a car especially made for big obese people. There was trouble getting big people in the car Ford made, so he had to think outside of the box. He then came up with "The Big One". Which is not out today because of it's poor sales but to Ford and some people, it was genius.

The automobiles industry in Europe and the United States expanded greatly during the 1920s. There were many changes in the industry and new types of cars. Having a car allowed families and individuals to travel more easily. Famous cars of the 1920s included:

1922–1939 Austin 7 – the Austin Seven was one of the most widely copied vehicles ever, serving as a template for cars around the world, from BMW to Nissan.
1922–1931 Lancia Lambda – very advanced car for the time, first car to feature a load-bearing monocoque-type body and independent front suspension.
1924–1929 Bugatti Type 35 – the Type 35 was one of the most successful racing cars of all time, with over 1,000 victories in five years.
1925–1928 Hanomag 2 / 10 PS – an early example of modern styling:  bodywork began to enclose the full width and length of a car.
1927–1931 Ford Model A (1927–1931) – after keeping the Model T in production for too long, Ford broke with the past and restarted its model series with the 1927 Model A. More than 4 million were produced, making it the best-selling model of the era. The Ford Model A was a prototype for the beginning of Soviet mass car production (GAZ A).
1930 Cadillac V-16 – developed at the height of the vintage era, the V16-powered Cadillac would join Bugatti's Royale as the most legendary ultra-luxury cars of the era.

 1929 The Hobnocker - A very fast vehicle with agile movement for such a small compact vehicle.

References
Norns

The Norns are female deities in Norse mythology who govern fate. Their names are Urd (what has been), Verdandi (what is) and Skuld (what is to come). Skuld is also the name of a Valkyrie.

The Norns are at the base of the ash tree Yggdrasil (or, according to some versions, above the Bifröst bridge). They spin threads and weave the tapestry of fates.  Each person's life is a thread in their loom. The length of the thread is the length of the person's life. Even the gods have their threads and are therefore not immortal, though the Norns hide the strings from the gods.  So everything is set out beforehand.  There is no luck, there is no randomness, everything is determined by destiny.

The Greeks called deities similar to the Norns Moirae, and the Romans called them Parcae.

The three Norns appear at the beginning of Richard Wagner's opera Götterdämmerung and foretell the downfall of the gods when a thread of fate breaks.

Norse mythology
Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon was a large species of Pliosaur. It was an apex predator in the Upper Jurassic seas, around 160–155 million years ago. It grew up to  long. It was a relative of Pliosaurus and Kronosaurus. It preyed on other marine animals such as Ophthalmosaurus.

Some fossil remains excavated from the Kimmeridge Clay formation in England indicate a much larger animal, perhaps up to  long. However, these have not been put in the genus Liopleurodon. 

Liopleurodon'''s nose allowed it to smell underwater. It could smell prey from some distance away. Despite needing to breath air, Liopleurodon spent its entire life at sea and was unable to leave the water. Consequently, it would have given birth to its young alive and may have visited shallower water to breed.

Species
 L. ferox (type)
 L. pachydeirus L. rossicus L. macromerus''

References 

Plesiosaurs
Libonectes

Libonectes was a plesiosaur related to Elasmosaurus. It lived 80 to 65 million years ago. It grew up to 12 metres long. It was a predator of small fish; the fish ate plankton in the upper pelagic layers of the sea.

Plesiosaurs
Fossils
Dimetrodon

Dimetrodon was a pelycosaur (early Synapsida) from the first part of the Permian period (about 295–272 million years ago). 

Dimetrodon walked on four legs and had a tall, curved skull with large teeth of different sizes set along the jaws. Most fossils have been found in the southwestern United States, from red beds in Texas and Oklahoma. The largest known species of Dimetrodon is D. angelensis at  and the smallest is D. teutonis at .

Dimetrodon was a carnivore, probably the top predator in its environment. Its main feature is the large sail on its back formed by elongated spines extending upwards from the vertebrae. The spines would be joined by skin. The general opinion of palaeontologists is that it was a temperature-regulating device. The idea is that the animal could warm up in the early morning by placing itself broadside to the Sun, and later could cool off in the shade, or arrange for its body to get less sunlight. At this stage in evolution, no land animals were homoiotherms. Very likely the sail was also used for sexual or territorial signalling. In which case, the skin would be coloured. This, of course, is supposition, but it does make sense of the animal's most extraordinary feature.

In evolutionary terms, Dimetrodon was a synapsid, a line of land animals which eventually gave rise to the mammals. It was not on the direct line of descent, but a good example of the evolutionary grade typical of Permian synapsids.

References 

Pelycosaurs
Spinosaurus

Spinosaurus was a huge semi-aquatic dinosaur from the Cretaceous, that lived 99 to 93.5 million years ago. It was the largest of all known terrestrial carnivores. 

It had paddle-like feet and nostrils on top of its crocodile-like head. This would let it submerge, similar to a crocodile.

The same research suggests it was larger than Tyrannosaurus rex, but more clumsy on land, moving as a quadruped. All these ideas had been suggested before, but the discovery of a more complete skeleton made palaeontologists think they were correct. The fossil was found in Morocco by a private collector who let scientists examine it.

Spinosaurus bones were first discovered in Egypt in 1912 by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915. Two species, S. aegyptiacus and S. marocannus, are recognized, but there may only be one. Spinosaurus looked like Baryonyx, except it was larger and more heavily built. Six specimens of Spinosaurus have been uncovered. The first fossils were destroyed in Munich, during World War II, in a 1944 bombing raid by the British.

A note on classification: The material also supports the monophyly of the Spinosaurinae and the separation of Spinosaurus and Irritator.

Description 

100 million years ago, the Sahara Desert was wet.  Animals included the pterosaur Alanqa, types of giant crocodiles, and theropod predators the size of T. rex.  The largest predator was Spinosaurus.  In the past, it was thought that Spinosaurus aegyptiacus was bipedal. By 2014, scientists believed that Spinosaurus aegyptiacus was quadrupedal because it is front-heavy. If Spinosaurus aegyptiacus were to walk on two legs, it would topple.  Scientists believe that Spinosaurus probably walked on its knuckles.  Spinosaurus's legs were short, and its jaws were good at catching slippery prey, like fish. Spinosaurus spent most of its time in the water and it was a semi-aquatic dinosaur.  

Spinosaurus was larger than Tyrannosaurus. Estimates published in 2005, 2007, and 2008 suggested that it was between 15 metres (50 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. A new estimate published in 2014 and based on a more complete specimen, supported the earlier research, finding that Spinosaurus could reach lengths of over 15 m (49 ft). It had a two meter high sail on its back like Dimetrodon. Several uses have been suggested for this sail, such as to help control its body temperature, as a way to attract a mate, and to intimidate or frighten enemies. It lived in what is now the Sahara Desert, but which then was mangrove forests alongside shoreline conditions, tidal flats and channels. 

The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern gharial. Spinosaurus is known to have eaten fish. Evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian.

Media 
It was featured as the main dinosaur in the 2001 film Jurassic Park III where it fights and kills a T-Rex.  It has also appeared on postage stamps in several countries, and many toy companies have made models of Spinosaurus.

References 

Spinosauridae
Dinosaurs of Africa
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Anhanguera

Anhanguera, which means 'Old Devil', was a pterodactyl from the Upper Cretaceous. It was found in the Santana Formation of Brazil, and specimens from England are also placed in this genus. 

It ate fish and grew to 14 feet (4.5 meters) across. The species Anhanguera piscator is now placed in the genus Coloborhynchus.

Pterosaurs
Zhejiangopterus

Zhejiangopterus is a pterosaur that was found in China. It lived in the late Cretaceous. 

At least six specimens of adults have been found. Zhejiangopterus was a moderately large pterosaur. Its wingspan was first estimated at five metres (16.4 feet). Later estimates reduced this to about 3.5 metres (11 feet). 

Its skull was long, low, perfectly arched, and lacked a "keel" or any other crest sometimes seen in related species. The beak was long, thin, sharply pointed, and lacked teeth. The cervical vertebrae were elongated. The first six dorsal vertebrae had fused together. This helped the chest keep stable against the forces generated by the wings.

Several pairs of belly ribs were preserved. Its upper leg bone was half the size of its upper arm bone, and strong and thin. The wings were short but robust

References 

Pterosaurs
Tupuxuara

Tupuxuara was a pterosaur that lived 112 million years ago. It was found in the Santana Formation, the remains of an inland sea. 

Some species were quite small, but the largest skull (length 130 cms) suggests a wingspan of 5.5 metres. It was an Azdarchid pterosaur, the same group as  Quetzalcoatlus.

Pterosaurs
Anurognathus

Anurognathus was a genus of small rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs which lived 150 million years ago, in the Upper Jurassic period. It had a short head with pin-like teeth for catching insects. It was found in the Solnhofen limestone, the same place as Archaeopteryx. They grew up to 35 cms wingspan.

Although it is in the long-tailed pterosaur group Rhamphorhynchoidea, its tail was comparatively short. This was an adaptation which made it more manoeuvrable in hunting. According to Döderlein the reduced tail of Anurognathus was similar to the pygostyle of modern birds. 

With an estimated wingspan of fifty centimetres (20 inches) and a nine centimetre long body (skull included), its weight was limited: forty grammes for a specimen with a 35 centimetre wingspan.  

Later a second, smaller, specimen was found, probably of a subadult individual. Its slab and counterslab are separated and both were sold to private collections. This second fossil is more complete and better articulated. It shows impressions of a large part of the flight membrane and under UV-light remains of the muscles of the thigh and arm become visible. It provided new information on many points of the anatomy. The skull was shown to have been very short and broad, wider than long.

References 

Pterosaurs
Thirty-Nine Articles

The Thirty-Nine Articles are the historic statements of Anglican beliefs. The Articles were not meant to be a complete statement of the Christian faith.  They are a statement of the position of the Church of England against the Roman Catholic Church and against Protestants.

History
The articles were made in 1563, under the direction of Archbishop Matthew Parker, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. They are based on the Forty-Two Articles written under the direction of Thomas Cranmer in 1552 and passed under Edward VI of England in 1553. They are printed in the Book of Common Prayer and other Anglican prayer books. Priests, deacons, and bishops of the Church of England have to take an oath that what is said in the Articles is "agreeable to the Word of God." Other Anglican churches do not make such a requirement.

The Thirty-Nine Articles were needed because at that time in English history it was not possible to find an agreement about Protestantism. Rather than have the church become divided, they needed a way to list the essentials of what the Church of England believed. John Henry Newman (one of the leading Tractarians in the mid 19th century), before he converted to Roman Catholicism, tried to show that the Articles could be seen in a way less hostile to Catholic belief.

Acceptance of the Articles
Outside the Church of England, Anglican opinions of the Thirty-Nine Articles vary. The Episcopal Church in the United States of America sees them as an historical document but does not make its members follow them. Anglican priest John Wesley changed the Thirty-Nine Articles for use by American Methodists in the 18th century. These new Articles of Religion are still the official United Methodist Church doctrine.

Other websites 

Articles of Religion
 Anglican Communion resources relating to the Book of Common Prayer, including the articles of religion 
 facsimile of a 1762 printing  from the above site
  The revised 1801 version adopted by the US Episcopal Church
Christian creeds
Protestant Reformation
1563
1560s works
Teal

Teal can mean many things, such as:
 A type of duck,
 Ringed teal,Callonetta leucophrys
 Common teal, Anas crecca
 Green-winged teal, Anas carolinensis
 Black teal, Aythya novaeseelandiae
 Brown teal, Anas aucklandica
 Silver teal, Anas versicolor
 Cape teal, Anas capensis 
 Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris
 Blue-winged teal, Anas discors
 teal (color), a bluish green color
 Claud Eustace Teal (a.k.a. Mr. Teal), a person seen in the books of Leslie Charteris
Ojiya, Niigata

Ojiya (Japanese: 小千谷（おぢや）市;-shi) is a city in Niigata, Japan. As of July 16, 2003, 40,342 people lived in the city. Ojiya's total area is . The Lord Mayor of Ojiya is Yasuo Yatsui

An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck Ojiya on October 23, 2004 at 17:56 local time. The earthquake killed 51 people.  4,795 people were injured. 16,910 buildings and houses were destroyed. The amount of damage was 3,000,000,000 Yen ($32.5M US).

Economy 
Ojiya has many types of industries. Electronics companies Sanyo electric, and Panasonic are located in the city. It also has textile companies. The main agricultural crop in the city is rice. Ojiya is the largest miner of natural gas in Japan.

Events 
There are several festivals each year in Ojiya.

Events Ojiya festival (August 24 and 25)
Katakai festival (September 9 and 10) - (The  Katakai festival is known to set off the biggest fireworks display in the world)
Balloon festival (February 25 and 26)

Cities in Niigata Prefecture
Tantalus

Tantalus was a mortal king in Greek mythology. He did many bad things against the gods and goddesses. At a banquet, he tried to feed people the flesh of his son Pelops. He had asked the gods and goddesses to come to this banquet. When they learn what he had planned, they punished Tantalus in not only this world (the world of the living), but the next as well (the world of the dead). Tantalus's punishment while he was alive was the ruin of his kingdom. His punishment when dead in the Tartaros of the Underworld was much worse.

He was made to stand in a pool of water up to his chin for all time. During this, he would always be hungry and thirsty. Each time Tantalus lowered his head to drink the water he was standing in, the water would lower. Over his head hung branches of trees filled with fruit. When he would try to get them, wind would blow them out of his reach. He was "tantalized" with food and drink. This is where the word tantalize comes from.

His daughter is Niobe. And his son, Pelops, was made alive again by the gods. He went to Greece and became the ruler of the peninsula which still has his name, the Peloponesus.

References 

People in Greek mythology
Bushido

, meaning "Way of the Warrior", is a Japanese code of conduct and a way of life, more or less similar to the European code of chivalry. It comes from the samurai moral code and gives great importance to certain virtues like frugality, loyalty, martial arts mastery and honour until voluntary death, seppuku. Bushidō was created between the 11th to 14th centuries and took form as a code from the 12th to 16th centuries.

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, Bushidō became official Japanese Feudal Law.
Honor codes are still used in modern times; for example, as part of the kamikaze beliefs.

Related pages
 Japan
 Kendo - Japanese Martial Art - The Way of Sword
 Samurai
 Seppuku
 Shogun
 Virtue
 Warrior
 Zen

References 

History of Japan
Samurai
Campaign

Campaign is trying to do something. Some battles in wars are called campaigns. The word comes from "Campania", a region where the ancient Roman army often fought.

When someone in politics seeks election to a political office, that is called a "political campaign". Sometimes, a series of advertisements can be referred to as an "advertising campaign". A "blood drive", when the Red Cross or a hospital asks people to give blood, is also a campaign.

A campaign usually involves groups of people following a plan and working together in different ways to get what they want.

Voting
Military
Marketing
Manco Cápac

Manco Cápac (died circa 1230) was the first of the fourteen Inca rulers of Peru. He started the Inca empire. 

As he says it, his legend started at the waters of Lake Titicaca, when he was told by the sun god to go East to set up his empire. As they walked looking for a good place, Manco taught men to farm, hunt, and fish while Mama Ocllo, his wife taught women to work with wool and cotton. Near Cusco, as his sacred golden staff sank in the ground, Manco decided this was to be the capital city of his empire.

 

Year of birth unknown
1230 deaths
Inca rulers
Brazzaville

Brazzaville is the capital city of the Republic of the Congo. One million people live there. Brazzaville is on one side of the Congo river, with Kinshasa on the other side. Brazzaville and Kinshasa are the nearest country capitals in the World.

References

National capitals in Africa
Settlements in the Republic of the Congo
Yellow Sea

The Yellow Sea is the northern part of the East China Sea. It is between Mainland China and the Korean peninsula. The northwestern part is called the Bohai Sea. The  name "Yellow Sea" comes from the silt particles that color its water. The particles come from the Yellow River. Smaller rivers include the Yalu and Han Rivers. 

Seas of the Pacific Ocean
East China Sea

The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km². In China, the sea is called the East Sea. In Korea, the sea is sometimes called "South Sea", but this is more often used to speak only of the area near South Korea's southern coast.

Geography 
The East China Sea is bounded on the East by Kyūshū and the Ryūkyū Islands, on the South by Taiwan, and on the West by mainland China. It is connected with the South China Sea by the Taiwan Strait and with the Sea of Japan by the Korea Strait; it opens in the North to the Yellow Sea.

Territories with borders on the sea (clockwise from north) include: South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Mainland China.

Rivers 
The Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) is the largest river flowing into the East China Sea.

Related pages
Disputed Islands

Other websites 
 Kosuke Takahashi. Gas and oil rivalry in the East China Sea  Asia Times Online. July 27, 2004.
 Chinese submarine enters Japanese waters. Wikinews. November 18, 2004. Retrieved March 7, 2006.
 Oil and gas in troubled waters The Economist. October 6, 2005.
 J Sean Curtin. Stakes rise in Japan, China gas dispute  Asia Times Online. October 19, 2005.
 Chinese Suyan Rock community 

Seas of the Pacific Ocean
Governor of California

The governor of California is the head of the state and government of the U.S. state of California and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is also the head of the executive branch of the state government and is the chairman of the gubernatorial cabinet.

Gavin Newsom is the 40th and current governor of California, in office since January 2019.

Powers and duties 
The governor has the power to enforce state laws and the duty to either approve or veto bills passed by the California Legislature or the California Senate to assemble the legislature and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.

Eligibility & requirements 
Section 5 of the state's constitution states for a person to serve as governor must:

 be at least eighteen years old.
 be a permanent resident in California and the United States for at least five years.

Election process and gubernatorial terms 
The governor is elected by the people through the popular election to a four-year term, along with the lieutenant gubernatorial candidate or the incumbent lieutenant governor of California as their running mate. The gubernatorial candidate or incumbent governor must have the majority of the popular vote in order to win the election.

Under Section 5 of the state's constitution forbids anyone from being elected governor more than twice.

Governor-elect of California 
The governor-elect is the candidate who has won the state's gubernatorial election and is awaiting inauguration to become the governor.

Inauguration 
The governor-elect, or incumbent governor immediately began their four-year team on inauguration day every four years in the month of January, along with the incumbent lieutenant governor and lieutenant governor-elect.

Gubernatorial line of succession 
If the governor dies, reigns, or is impeached, the lieutenant governor ranks first in the succession will assume the gubernatorial office and duties.

Residence 

The California Governor's Mansion is the official residence of the governor of California. It has been the official residence of every governor since 1903.

List of governors of California 
1. Peter Burnett

2. John McDougal

3. John Bigler

4. J. Neely Johnson

5. John Weller

6. Milton Latham

7. John Downey

8. Leland Stanford

9. Frederick Low

10. Henry Haight

11. Newton Booth

12. Romualdo Pacheco

13. William Irwin

14. George Perkins

15. George Stoneman

16. Washington Bartlett

17. Robert Waterman

18. Henry Harrison Markham

19. James Budd

20. Henry Gage

21. George Pardee

22. James Gillett

23. Hiram Johnson

24. William Stephens

25. Friend Richardson

26. C. C. Young

27. James Rolph

28. Frank Merriam

29. Culbert Olson

30. Earl Warren

31. Goodwin Knight

32. Pat Brown

33. Ronald Reagan

34. Jerry Brown

35. George Deukmejian

36. Pete Wilson

37. Gray Davis

38. Arnold Schwarzenegger

39. Jerry Brown

40. Gavin Newsom

List of living former governors of California 
 Jerry Brown
 Pete Wilson
 Gray Davis
 Arnold Schwarzenegger
 
Sacramento, California
Hymn

A hymn is a religious song of worship in Christianity, or a sacred song. Collections of hymns are known as hymnals.
Hymns are often sung by the entire group at church. Sometimes they are sung only by a special group called a choir. A piano or organ often plays the music while people sing. Most hymns are written in four-part harmony. They also often use a common meter. Thus, they tend to have a traditional sound.  

Many early hymns were taken from the Psalms. Later hymns began to include  ideas from other parts of the Bible.  Isaac Watts and Charles Wesley wrote many hymns. In in more modern times, Fanny Crosby wrote many more. Some hymns are prayers to God. Others tell about God. Songs which describe God or how people relate to Him are also called "gospel songs" instead of hymns.
 
One of the most famous hymns is Amazing Grace which also became a popular song. It was written by John Newton who was an evil person who later became a Christian. The hymn tells how God saved him from sin even though he was unworthy.  This is an example of God's grace.

In Hinduism, a hymn is a shloka.

Christian music
Musical forms
Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett O'Hara is the main charcater in Margaret Mitchell's book Gone with the Wind with the movie adaptation, and Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley. She is one of the residents of Georgia who had histrionic personality disorder.

Reference

Characters in written fiction
Fictional American people
Fictional people with personality disorders
Histrionic personality disorder in fiction
Movie characters
Vivien Leigh

Vivien Leigh (; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was an English actress. She is best known for playing Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind in 1939, and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire in 1951. Leigh won Academy Awards for both of these roles.

Leigh was born in Darjeeling, Bengal, British India. She was married to Laurence Olivier from 1940 to 1960 and often acted in plays and movies with him. Olivier was Leigh's second husband. The first was Leigh Holman, and Miss Leigh was still legally married to him when she came to the US to accompany Laurence Olivier who came to Hollywood to star in David O. Selznick's production of "Rebecca" directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It was lucky that Miss Leigh's agent just happened to be David O. Selznick's brother, Myron. Miss Leigh wrote long letters to her husband then during the shooting of GWTW, complaining about the script, the change of director from George Cukor to Victor Fleming. The change was made at the insistence of Clark Gable, who felt that Cukor was devoting too much time and attention to directing Miss Leigh and her co-star, Olivia de Havilland. Miss Leigh also complained in her letters of Gable's bad breath due to his dentures.

When her divorce was final, she married Olivier (she referred to him as her husband until she died, although they had been divorced for many years). Leigh believed that Olivier was the best actor of his (or any) generation, and worked very hard to be worthy of acting with him - on stage, of course. Leigh believed, as did Olivier, that the only place "real" acting took place was on the stage. Her movie career reflects her lack of enthusiasm for that medium, concentrating instead on acting with Lord Olivier in live theatre. Many critics, however, did not feel that she had the "presence" and vocal prowess that Olivier possessed and her reviews were often (perhaps unfairly) negatively compared to her husband.

Leigh was considered to be beautiful and this sometimes meant that she thought that she was not taken seriously as an actress. However her ill health was often a bigger problem. Leigh suffered from bipolar disorder and often had tuberculosis. These meant that her career went through period of decline and that she was sometimes considered difficult to work with. She died of tuberculosis in London.

References

Other websites 
 

Deaths from tuberculosis
English movie actors
English stage actors
Infectious disease deaths in London
People of British India
People with bipolar disorder
1913 births
1967 deaths
Marian Prayer

Marian prayers or Marian devotions are acts of asking for the intercession of the Mary, the mother of Jesus. It is mainly something done by Roman Catholics but it is also used by Anglo-Catholics. Marian prayer is not worship. It is asking Mary to pray, or intercede for you and/or other people. When asking for Mary's intercession, you are honouring her and not worshipping her. It is to ask her to help you communicate better with her son, Jesus. They are still following the second commandment, because they are not worshipping, only asking for intercession in their lives. Many novenas and prayers can be said in her honour. 
There are in fact many common ways in doing so but there is a simplistic yet symbolical prayer called the rosary, the reciting pray for the intervening of mother Mary. This is said in honour and praise of her as well as to ask of her help. Another example is yet commonly said during the rosary itself and is called the "hail holy queen". 

Christian prayers
Clark Gable

William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American actor.  He is best known for playing the part of Rhett Butler in the 1939 movie version of Gone with the Wind.  Gable won an Academy Award for playing Fletcher Christian in the 1935 movie version of Mutiny on the Bounty.  He also starred in It Happened One Night with Claudette Colbert and Mogambo with Grace Kelly and Ava Gardner.

Gable was born on February 1, 1901 in Cadiz, Ohio. He was married five times. He had two children. The last movie that Gable starred in was The Misfits, in 1961.  This movie also starred Marilyn Monroe and was written by Arthur Miller. Gable died shortly afterwards in Los Angeles, California, after having had a fourth coronary thrombosis.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1901 births
1960 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Ohio
American movie actors
American radio actors
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
Extras
Nyctosaurus

Nyctosaurus was a pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous. It had a wing span of 1 meter and a very big crest. It was in the Pterodactyloidea and related to Pteranodon. 

Pterosaurs
Eliot, Maine

Eliot is an American town in the state of Maine. The population was 5,954 at the 2000 census.

The schools in Eliot are a part of MSAD35. It is around an hour away from Boston.

References

Towns in Maine
1810 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Maine
Troodon

Troodon (or Troödon) is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaurs, from the later part of the Cretaceous period, 75 - 65 million years ago. The alternate spelling Troödon shows that the 'o's are pronounced separately, as in 'zoology'.

They were probably carnivorous, but details of their teeth are a bit unusual. Some experts suggest they may have included plant material in their diet, but this is not a majority view.

Discovered in central Montana in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America. Its species ranged widely, with fossil remains recovered from as far north as Alaska, and the Judith River formation of Alberta, and as far south as Wyoming and even possibly Texas and New Mexico.

Troodon had a large brain in proportion to its body weight. It had a sickle claw, an enlarged and retractable second toe claw bone. Troodon had 122 teeth. The size and shape of the leg bones show that the Troodon would have been a fast runner. 
The view that Troodon was a predator is supported by its sickle claw on the foot and apparently good binocular vision.

Troodons size ranged widely. In general, individuals that lived further north were larger than those that lived in more southern areas. Troodons in Alaska were especially large, up to 12 feet long, 5 feet tall, and weighing up to 175 pounds. Meanwhile, Troodons that lived in more southern locations were only around 7 feet long, 3 feet tall, and weighed up to 50 pounds, about the size of a Velociraptor. Very likely Troodon had feathers, but no fossil evidence for feathers has yet been found.

There has been a lot of debate about which specimens, all very incomplete, should be called Troodon. The genus now includes specimens previously classified as Stenonychosaurus.

Troodon nests full of eggs have been found in Montana. When scientists CAT-scanned them, they found baby Troodon skeleton embryos inside of them. They found skeletons of a small plant-eating dinosaur named Orodromeus with the eggs, as well as a skeleton of an adult Troodon. At first, it was believed that the eggs had belonged to the Orodromeus, and that the Troodon was there intending to rob the nest.

However, it was later discovered that the eggs belonged to the Troodon when baby Troodon embryos were found inside the eggs. It is now believed that the adults had killed the Orodromeus and brought them back to feed their babies. Troodons laid up to 24 eggs in their nests which were earth mounds. They were able to lay two eggs at a time, so large clutches would take two weeks to lay.

A 2017 description had redeemed the validity of Stenonychosaurus and had created a new genus from separate bones naming them Lateniventrix, limiting Troodon to a few teeth.

References 

Theropods
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Saurornithoides

Saurornithoides was a fast running dinosaur from 79 million years ago. It was related to Troodon. Its fossils have been found in Mongolia and China. 

Like its cousin Troodon, Saurornithoides was an intelligent predator, with large eyes and good vision. It had a retractable, sickle-shaped claw on the second claw of each foot that was used for attacking prey. Saurornithoides probably fed on small prey, such as lizards, frogs, insects, and small mammals. It may also have hunted in packs to bring down other dinosaurs. Saurornithoides was discovered in the Gobi Desert on an expedition in the 1920s. The dinosaurs Velociraptor, Protoceratops, and Oviraptor were also discovered during these expeditions to the Gobi Desert.

Theropods
Cretaceous dinosaurs