alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Oxyanion hole

An oxyanion hole is a pocket in the active site of an enzyme that stabilizes transition state negative charge on a deprotonated oxygen or alkoxide. The pocket typically consists of backbone amides or positively charged residues. Stabilising the transition state lowers the activation energy necessary for the reaction, and so promotes catalysis. For example, proteases such as chymotrypsin contain an oxyanion hole to stabilise the tetrahedral intermediate anion formed during proteolysis and protects substrate's negatively charged oxygen from water molecules. Additionally, it may allow for insertion or positioning of a substrate, which would suffer from steric hindrance if it could not occupy the hole (such as BPG in hemoglobin). Enzymes that catalyse multi-step reactions can have multiple oxyanion holes that stabilise different transition states in the reaction.

See also
 Enzyme catalysis
 Active site
 Transition state
 Serine proteases#Catalytic mechanism

References

Enzymes
Protein structure
Kvam, Nord-Trøndelag

Kvam is a former municipality in what was Nord-Trøndelag county in Norway. The  municipality existed from 1909 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality encompassed the areas north and west of the lake Snåsavatnet in what is now the municipality of Steinkjer in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre was the village of Kvam on the shore of the lake. Most of the population of Kvam municipality lived along the lake shore. Farther north from the lake includes a wilderness area including the large lakes Gilten and Bangsjøene. The main church for the municipality was Kvam Church, located in the village of Kvam.

History
The municipality of Kvam was established on 1 January 1909 when the large municipality of Stod was split into two:  Kvam (population: 934) in the north and Stod (population: 1,169) in the south. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, a large merger took place: the neighboring municipalities of Beitstad (population: 2,563), Egge (population: 3,476), Kvam (population: 1,245), Ogndal (population: 2,678), Sparbu (population: 4,027), and Stod (population: 1,268) were all merged with the town of Steinkjer (population: 4,325) to form the new municipality of Steinkjer.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Kvam farm () since the first Kvam Church was built there. The name comes from the word  which means "grassy hollow" or "little vale".

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor.

Municipal council
The municipal council  of Kvam was made up of 13 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Kvam:

 1909–1910: Ole H. Langhammer (V)
 1911–1913: Nils Flekstad 
 1914–1925: Ole H. Langhammer (V/Bp)
 1925–1941: Peter H. Wanderaas (Bp)
 1942–1943: Birger Øksnes 
 1944–1945: Aksel Aassve 
 1945–1945: Sverre M. Sem (Bp)
 1946–1947: Arne Grøtan (Bp)
 1948–1959: Sverre M. Sem (Bp)
 1959–1959: Oleiv Flekstad (Sp)
 1960–1963: Olav Hus (Sp)

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway

References

Steinkjer
Former municipalities of Norway
1909 establishments in Norway
1964 disestablishments in Norway
Typo (disambiguation)

A typo (short for Typographical Error) is a mistake made in the typing process.

Typo may also refer to: typographic error

 Typo (brand), a stationery brand owned by Cotton On Group
 Typo, Kentucky, a community in the US
 Mount Typo, in Victoria, Australia

See also
 TYPO3, web-based content management system
 Type O, a blood type
 Type 0 (disambiguation)
Autosadism

Autosadism, or automasochism, is behaviour inflicting pain or humiliation on oneself. It may be related to self-harm or a paraphilia involving sexual arousal. It can be viewed as a form of masochism, a sublimated form of sadism, or a means to experiencing algolagnia, a sexual tendency which is defined by deriving sexual pleasure and stimulation from physical pain.

See also
Self-defeating personality disorder
Self-destructive behaviour

Notes

References

 

Paraphilias
Aes Dana

Aes Dana may refer to:

Áes dána or Tuatha Dé Danann, an ancient people of Irish mythology; the ancestral gods of Ireland
 Aes Dana (band), a French Celtic black metal band
 Aois-dàna (also spelled "áes dána"), the Scottish Gaelic or Old Irish "people of the arts" until the late 17th century
 Aosdána, an Irish organisation of people who have achieved distinction in the arts
Henry Rzepa

Henry Stephen Rzepa (born 1950) is a chemist and Emeritus Professor of Computational chemistry at  Imperial College London.

Education
Rzepa was born in London in 1950, was educated at Wandsworth Comprehensive School, and then entered the chemistry department at  Imperial College London where he graduated in 1971. He stayed to do a Ph.D.  on the physical organic chemistry of indoles supervised by Brian Challis.

Career and research
After spending three years doing postdoctoral research at the University of Texas at Austin, Texas with  Michael Dewar in the then emerging field of computational chemistry, he returned to  Imperial College after being appointed a lecturer. He was one of the first to be appointed in the  UK in the emerging subject of computational organic chemistry.  he is Emeritus Professor of Computational Chemistry.

His research interests directed towards combining different types of chemical information tools for solving structural, mechanistic and stereochemical problems in organic, bioorganic, organometallic chemistry and catalysis, using techniques such as semiempirical molecular orbital methods (the MNDO family), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy,  X-ray crystallography and ab initio quantum theories. Aware of the complex semantic  issues involved in converging different areas of chemistry to address modern multidisciplinary problems,  he started investigating the use of the Internet as an information and integrating medium around  1987, focusing in 1994 on the World Wide Web as having the most potential. Peter Murray-Rust and he first introduced Chemical Markup Language (CML) in 1995 as a rich  carrier of semantic chemical information and data; and they coined the  term Datument as a portmanteau word  to better express the evolution from the  documents produced by traditional academic publishing methods  to the Semantic Web ideals expressed by Tim Berners-Lee.

His contributions to chemistry include exploration of  Möbius aromaticity, highlighted by the theoretical discovery of relatively stable forms of cyclic conjugated molecules which exhibit two and higher half-twists  in the topology rather than just the single twist associated with Mobius systems (and hence possibly better termed Johann Benedict Listing rings). He is responsible for unraveling the mechanistic origins of stereocontrol in  a variety of catalytic polymerisation reactions, including that of lactide to polylactide, a new generation of bio-sustainable polymer not dependent on oil. He is also known for the  integration of  chemistry  (in the form of CML) with latest Internet technologies such as  RSS and Podcasting, for the introduction of the  Chemical MIME types in 1994 and for, the first electronic-only conferences in organic chemistry, which ran from 1995-1998.

Awards and honours
Rzepa was awarded the Herman Skolnik Award in 2012 by the American Chemical Society.

References

Academics of Imperial College London
Living people
British chemists
Theoretical chemists
1950 births
Computational chemists
Alumni of Imperial College London
Jan Montyn

Jan Montyn (13 November 1924 – 10 August 2015) was a Dutch artist, specialized in etching. He was best known for his paintings of wars to which he had been an eyewitness.

Montyn was born in a conservative Calvinistic family and was raised in Oudewater.  In the Second World War he joined the German navy and fought on the eastern front. After the war he lived in France and in the Netherlands. His work is displayed in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam.

Montyn died on 10 August 2015 in Amsterdam, aged 90.

Bibliography
A Lamb to the Slaughter - An Artist Among the Battlefields, Jan Montyn and Dirk Ayelt Kooiman, Souvenir Press, London, 1984  
Website with work of the artist http://www.janmontyn.com

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Dutch etchers
Dutch collaborators with Nazi Germany
Dutch military personnel of World War II
People from Oudewater
Kriegsmarine personnel of World War II
Dutch expatriates in France
Beitstad

Beitstad () is a village in the municipality of Steinkjer in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The village is located along the Beitstadsundet strait at the end of the Beitstadfjorden at the inner end of the Trondheimsfjord, about  southwest of the village of Vellamelen and about  north of the town of Steinkjer.  The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Beitstad which existed from 1838 until 1964 when it was merged into Steinkjer.

Beitstad is situated along Norwegian County Road 17 (Fylkesvei 17) which has twisted through the village since 1867.  It is a typical farming village that stretches from the bay and into the hinterland to the east. Animal husbandry, crop production, and forestry have traditionally been the prime industries. Beitstad Church is located in this village.

Notable residents
Three citizens from Beitstad were among the founding fathers of the Norwegian Constitution:
 Sivert Bratberg (1780 at Bratberg øvre – 1816) a Norwegian farmer and teacher
 Hans Midelfart (1772–1823) Lutheran minister in Beitstad 
 Daniel Larsen Schevig (1786 at Gladsjø farm –1833) farmer and military officer

Other notable residents 
 Theodora Cormontan (1840 in Beitstad – 1922) a Norwegian-American pianist, music publisher and composer
 Oluf A. Saugestad (1840 in Beitstad - 1926) a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly 
 Hans Konrad Foosnæs (1846–1917) politician, Mayor of Beitstad and government Minister
 Halvor Bachke Guldahl (1859 in Beitstad – 1931) jurist, businessman, and County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag
 Kristofer Uppdal (1878 in Beitstad – 1961) poet and author
 Olav Benum (1897 in Beitstad – 1990) politician and agronomist 
 Erling Østerberg (1901 in Beitstad – 1981) distinguished Norwegian police officer
 Inge Einarsen Bartnes (1911 in Beitstad – 1988) politician, twice deputy Mayor
 Stål Aanderaa (born 1931 in Beitstad) a Norwegian mathematician
 Erik Bartnes (born 1939 in Beitstad) a Norwegian farmer and politician

References

Villages in Trøndelag
Steinkjer
Seán Gleeson

Seán Gleeson (born 18 February) is an English actor, director and producer, known for his roles as Conor Flaherty in the BBC soap opera EastEnders and Ronnie Woodson in the BBC soap opera Doctors. As well as acting, Gleeson also works as a director and producer, with credits on Doctors, Casualty and Holby City.

Life and career
In 1997, Gleeson began portraying the role of Conor Flaherty in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. He stayed in the role until 1999, and in 2003, he joined the cast of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Ronnie Woodson. While on Doctors, he began a relationship with co-star Stirling Gallacher, who portrayed the role of George Woodson, his on-screen wife. The pair won the British Soap Award for Best On-Screen Partnership in 2007. Gleeson lives in Gloucestershire with Gallacher, and the pair got married in 2009, also having a son in the same year.

Whilst appearing on Doctors, Gleeson directed several episodes. After making the decision to stop portraying the role of Ronnie in 2009, he continued to direct episodes of Doctors until 2013. He then began directing episodes of the BBC medical drama Casualty, and later became a producer of the series in 2020. In March 2021, he was named as the new series producer of Casualtys sister series Holby City. On the role, he commented: "This is obviously an exciting opportunity. I'm really looking forward to getting stuck in and working with the crews, cast and whole Holby family on consolidating and reinvigorating this firm favourite for an even wider audience."

Filmography

As actor

As crew member

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 

English male film actors
English male soap opera actors
English people of Irish descent
English television directors
English television producers
Living people
Male actors from Gloucestershire
Male actors from London
Year of birth missing (living people)
Database machine

A database machines or back end processor is a computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (front-end) computer(s) by a high-speed channel, whereas a database server is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a local area network to its clients.

Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using hundreds to thousands of microprocessors with database software. The front end processor asks the back end (typically sending a query expressed in a query language) the data and further processes it. The back end processor on the other hand analyzes and stores the data from the front end processor. Back end processors result in higher performance, increasing host main memory, increasing database recovery and security, and decreasing cost to manufacture.

Britton-Lee (IDM), Tandem (Non-Stop System), and Teradata (DBC) all offered early commercial specialized database machines. A more recent example was Oracle Exadata.

Criticism and suggested remedy
According to Julie McCann,

References

Further reading
 Berra, P. Bruce. “Data base machines.” SIGIR Forum 12, 3 (Winter 1977), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/1095317.1095318
 Banerjee, Jayanta. “Data structuring and indexing for data base machines.” In Proceedings of the fifth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (CAW '80). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/800083.802687
 Song, Siang Wun. “A Survey and Taxonomy of Database Machines.” IEEE Database Eng. Bull. 4 (1981): 3-13.
 Hoffer, Jeffrey A.; Alexander, Mary B. “The diffusion of database machines.” SIGMIS Database 23, 2 (Spring 1992): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/141342.141352

See also
 Content Addressable File Store (CAFS)

Classes of computers
Databases
Lagasse

Lagasse or Lagassé is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Lagassé, Canadian politician
Emeril Lagasse (born 1959), American celebrity chef
Jan Lagasse, American curler
Janet Lagasse, American tennis player
Jeannette Boudreault-Lagassé (born 1941), Canadian writer
Louis Lagassé (born 1947), Canadian businessman
Roger Lagassé (born 1957), candidate in 1989 New Democratic Party leadership election (Canada)
Scott Lagasse (born 1959), American racing driver
Scott Lagasse Jr. (born 1981), American racing driver
Tim Lagasse (born 1969), American puppeteer
Heskestad

Heskestad is a village in Lund municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located in the western part of Lund, along the European route E39 highway and the Sørlandet Line, about  northwest of the village of Moi. Heskestad Station is a now-closed railway station located in the village.

Heskestad is also a parish in the Church of Norway.  Heskestad Church, dating back to 1904, is located in the village and it is the church for the parish, serving the western part of Lund.

Heskestad was the administrative centre of the municipality of Heskestad which existed from 1838 until 1965.

References

Villages in Rogaland
Lund, Norway
Herman Gates Weiskotten

Herman Gates Weiskotten (1884-1972)  served as dean of Syracuse University medical school from 1922 to 1951. During his final year, the school had been renamed SUNY Upstate Medical University.

After serving as Acting Dean for three years, Weiskotten became Dean. He holds this post until 1951 and brings the College of Medicine through the difficult depression years of the 1930s into the modern medical world.

Weiskotten was professor of pathology from 1916 to 1951 and chair of the department from 1924 to 1942. In addition to his local achievements, Weiskotten also raised national standards of medical education through his involvement with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the American Medical Association (AMA), and several other organizations. From 1934 to 1940, he chaired a commission of the AMA Council on Medical Education and Hospitals to write a follow-up to the 1910 "Flexner Report." In 1940, his team published Medical Education in the United States, 1934-1939, known as the "Weiskotten Report," which showed that only 66 of the 79 American medical schools had full four-year programs and that about 20 of the 89 American and Canadian medical schools were below AMA standards. Measures were quickly instituted to rectify those situations.

References

Syracuse University people
State University of New York Upstate Medical University faculty
Bernhard Philberth

Bernhard Josef Philberth (26 March 1927 in Traunstein, Germany – 8 August 2010 in Melbourne) was an independent physicist, engineer and philosopher. He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1972.

Biography
Philberth was a member of the Academy of Science of Chieti (Italy), the Academy of Sciences of Besançon(France; where he was the first German to be accepted in a century), the Physical Society of Japan in Tokyo and the International Glaciological Society in London.

He was the originator of a project in the 1960s to investigate the disposal of radioactive waste deep inside stable, inland ice sheets (presented by the French High Commissioner for Nuclear Energy). His brother, Prof Karl Philberth headed the thermal drilling program of the International Glaciological Greenland Expedition (EGIG) as part of the project.

In relativity physics, Philberth discovered the "time gradient" ("Zeitgradient" in German) (presented by Louis de Broglie), and the relationship between the electromagnetic fundamental values.
 
With his brother, he was granted over a hundred patents for inventions in various areas of physics, such as the "cryobot" (also known as a Philberth probe) and the Philberth transformer.  He authored numerous technical publications on nuclear energy, energy management and patent law.

Philberth was also an environmentalist and initiated efforts to protect the environment using taxation law. He made a submission to the Deutsche Bundestag which resulted in a change in oil tax and was the originator of taxation of lead in petrol (law passed by the Bundestag in 1984).

As firm believers in philanthropy, the Philberth brothers founded of the "PH-Foundation" in the Philippines, which sponsors the education of youths from disadvantaged families (with over 2,000 graduates to date).

He died on 8 August 2010 due to pneumonia.

Books
 "Christliche Prophetie und Nuklearenergie"  ()  (EN: "Christian Prophecy and Nuclear Energy")
 "Der Dreieine"  ()  (EN: "The Triune")
 "Das All"  ()  (EN: "The Universe")
 "Überleben ohne Erfindungen?" ()  (EN: "Survival without Innovation?")
 "Offenbarung"  ()  (EN: "Revelation" ())
 "Der Souverän"  () (EN: "The Sovereign"  ())

Further publications
 XIV World Congress of Philosophy in Vienna (1968, File Volume IV)
 "Prominenten-Interviews", G. Klempnauer (Brockhaus)
 "Auf Hoffnung hin", J. Neumann (Kyrios)
 "Information", P.Huebner (rororo)

References

External links
 The Life and Work of Bernhard Philberth and Karl Philberth

1927 births
2010 deaths
20th-century German physicists
20th-century German Catholic theologians
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests
German male non-fiction writers
People from Traunstein
Helleland

Helleland is a village and parish in Eigersund municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located along the river Hedlandsåna and the European route E39 highway, about  northeast of the town of Egersund.  The Sørlandet Line runs along the river near Helleland, stopping at Helleland Station.

Historically, the Helleland clerical district included all the churches in the Helleland parish, Bjerkreim parish (with a chapel in Øvrebygd), and Heskestad parish.  The main church for the district was Helleland Church.  The Helleland parish was created as the municipality of Helleland under the formannskapsdistrikt law on 1 January 1838. That municipality existed until 1965.  Since then, the parish of Helleland has just included the "rural" northern part of Eigersund municipality.

Helleland Church (Helleland kirke) dates from 1832. It was built of wood and has 500 seats. The architect was Hans Linstow (1787–1851) who also designed the Royal Palace in Oslo and much of the surrounding park and the street Karl Johans gate.

At Helleland there are  memorials dedicated to the British aircraft which crashed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany in connection with the Operation Freshman sabotage attempt, a part of action which was aimed at the Vemork hydroelectric plant, site of the heavy water production.

References

Eigersund
Villages in Rogaland
Fake (2003 film)

Fake (Thai: เฟค โกหกทั้งเพ) is a 2003 Thai romantic drama film directed by Thanakorn Pongsuwan. It starred Leo Putt (Putthipong Sriwat), Ray MacDonald, Tah Barby (Phaopol Thephatsadin na Ayutthaya) and Pachrapa Chaichua.  The debut feature by Thanakorn, it was screened at the Vancouver International Film Festival, the Stockholm International Film Festival and the Singapore International Film Festival in 2003 and 2004.

Plot
Three young hipster men who share an apartment in Bangkok are each chasing after a woman, but are unaware that it's the same woman they are after.

Cast
 Leo Putt (Putthipong Sriwat) as Poh
 Ray MacDonald as Sung
 Tah Barby (Phaopol Thephatsadin na Ayutthaya) as Bay
 Pachrapa Chaichua as Paweena

References

External links
 

2003 films
Sahamongkol Film International films
Thai-language films
2003 romantic drama films
Thai romantic drama films
PaperPort

PaperPort is commercial document management software published by Kofax, used for working with scanned documents. It uses a built-in optical character recognition to create files in searchable Portable Document Format (PDF); text in these files is indexed and can be searched for with appropriate software, such as Microsoft's Windows Search. Earlier versions of PaperPort used OmniPage to provide this function. It provides image editing tools for these files.

PaperPort allows scanned documents to be separated into individual pages, and reassembled into new PDF files.

Originally, PaperPort created files in .MAX file format natively, but later versions use PDF. Versions of PaperPort from V14 cannot edit .MAX files, but they can be converted to PDF, which can be edited.

PaperPort only supports Windows and iOS. An open-source program called Paperman provides basic functionality for Linux (and has been partially ported to Mac OS).

History
Visioneer, the original developer of PaperPort, first released its predecessor, MaxMate document communications software bundled with the MaxMate scanner and MaxMate Viewer software, in 1994 for DOS, Windows and Macintosh. The software used a visual metaphor for dragging pages and typewriter function for annotating electronic documents. Its form-filling tool recognized lines in scanned forms to allow filling  in fields and printing completed forms, replacing the laborious old method of typing entries into paper forms. It integrated with optical character recognition (OCR) software for converting scanned paper documents into editable electronic documents.

In December 2019, the Nuance document division, which included PaperPort, was sold to Kofax.

Selected versions and their estimated release dates

References

External links
 

Nuance software
PDF software
Petr Tenkrát

Petr Tenkrát (born 31 May 1977) is a Czech former ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Nashville Predators and the Boston Bruins.

Playing career 
He won SM-Liiga-silver in 2003 and bronze in 2006. SM-gold in 2004 and 2005.

Tenkrát's contract with Kärpät ended after the season 2005–06. He started the 2006–07 season with Boston Bruins's AHL affiliate, the Providence Bruins, after a trade with the Toronto Maple Leafs. He had signed a one-year deal with the club. On November 11, 2006 Tenkrát was called up from the Providence team to take the place of Boston forward Jeff Hoggan, and scored his first goal for the Bruins, wearing player number 17, in a home game against the Ottawa Senators that same night.

In both the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons Tenkrát returned to his hometown team before moving to Sweden's Elitserien to play with Timrå IK. He then signed a two-year contract with Skellefteå AIK. He then returned to Czech Republic, signing with HC Sparta Praha for 2011-12 season.

He also was a member of the Czech national inline hockey team at the 2008 Men's World Inline Hockey Championships in Bratislava, Slovakia.

Career statistics

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Boston Bruins players
Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players
Czech ice hockey right wingers
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
HC Khimik Voskresensk players
Rytíři Kladno players
HPK players
Ilves players
Anaheim Ducks draft picks
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
Milwaukee Admirals players
Nashville Predators players
Oulun Kärpät players
Ice hockey people from Kladno
Providence Bruins players
Skellefteå AIK players
Timrå IK players
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Reserve Forces Act 1996

The Reserve Forces Act 1996 (c 14) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provides for the maintenance and composition of the reserve forces of the Crown.

Composition of the Reserve 
The Reserve Forces comprise:
 The Reserve Naval and Marine Forces - the Royal Fleet Reserve, the Royal Naval Reserve, and the Royal Marines Reserve.
 The Reserve Land Forces - the Army Reserve (Regular) and the Territorial Army (now known as the Army Reserve).
 The Reserve Air Forces - the Air Force Reserve and the Royal Auxiliary Air Force.

The Royal Fleet Reserve, the Army Reserve, and the Air Force Reserve are the Regular Reserve forces, comprising men and women who previously served in the regular forces and are liable for recall to active duty as reservists.

The Royal Naval Reserve, the Territorial Army, and the Royal Auxiliary Air Force are the Volunteer Reserve forces, comprising men and women who are members of the volunteer forces and liable to  be called for active duty.

In addition the Act allows for the use of Sponsored Reserves whose employer enters into a contract with the Ministry of Defence to provide personnel to carry out specialist tasks as part of the armed forces. Examples are the Mobile Meteorological Unit, some of the staff on Royal Air Force transport aircraft (non flight crew) and some fleet container transport ships.

References
"Reserve Forces Act 1996". Current Law Statutes 1996. Sweet & Maxwell. London. W Green. Edinburgh. 1997. Volume 1. Chapter 14.
"Reserve Forces Act 1996". Halsbury's Statutes of England and Wales. Fourth Edition. 2010 Reissue. LexisNexis. Volume 3. Page 675 et seq.
David Wray, "The New Reserve Forces Act 1996: Common Sense" (1996) 126 Army Quarterly and Defence Journal 389 (No 4, October 1996)
Alison L Clayton, "The Reserve Forces Act, 1996: Are the Financial Safeguards Effective?" (1997) 21 Bailrigg Memorandum. Centre for Defence and International Security Studies, Lancaster University. 1997.

External links
Reserve Forces Act 1996

British defence policymaking
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1996
Reserve forces of the United Kingdom
Kilfinane

Kilfinnane or Kilfinane () ( or , ) is a small market town in County Limerick, Ireland.  The town's name comes from the Irish  (church) and  (Finnian), making its meaning "Church of Saint Finnian".  Kilfinnane is located approximately 40 km southeast of Limerick, and approximately 70 km north-northwest of Cork. It had a population of 789 at the 2016 census.

At an elevation of over , Kilfinnane is the highest town in County Limerick.  It is surrounded on three sides by the Ballyhoura Mountains, and on the fourth side is the "Golden Vale" region that runs through Counties Limerick, Cork, and Tipperary.

In 2014, Kilfinnane hosted the inaugural "HearSay International Audio Festival", an event focusing on creative audio. The second HearSay Festival was held in November 2015 had over 80 workshops, installations and performances.

Education

Kilfinnane facilitates both Primary and Secondary Education.

Kilfinnane Primary School Scoil Fhíonáin is located very close to the Secondary School and has a new building opened in September 2012. Prior to this, the Primary School was located in an old former Catholic residence, which was notorious due to reports of infestation, cold conditions and outdoor toilets. In November 2012, disputes amongst building subcontractors and the main building contractor of the new School resulted in builders cutting the power and water, and removing the fittings of the newly opened school building. Parents created a blockade to prevent the builders from leaving the school grounds. The standoff became a national news story. An RTÉ Radio 1 radio documentary "Take No More" by Grey Heron Media on the standoff won Gold at the 2013 PPI Radio Awards, the 2013 Association for International Broadcasting, and the 2013 New York Radio Festival.

Scoil Pól Kilfinnane was founded in 1915 and made its current home in 1987. The school, a Catholic school, offers a range of educational and extra-curricular activities. Some of its activities include sports, cairdeas, transition year activities, green flag and chess.

Notable people

 Patrick Wallace (aka Staker Wallace) (18th century United Irishman) 
 Gabriel Rosenstock, Irish writer and poet.
 Peter McDonald, Member of Parliament for North Sligo, 1885 - 1891.
 Sean 'Óg' Hanley who won All Ireland Medals with Limerick, in 1897, and London, in 1901 was a native of Kilfinnane. The 1897 team was spearheaded by Kilfinnane players, who were Co Champions the previous year 
 Richie McCarthy, Limerick Hurler and 2013 All-Star
 James Heffernan, member of 24th Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Oireachtas (legislature) of the Republic of Ireland.
James Murphy, 19th century judge of the High Court.

See also
 List of towns in the Republic of Ireland
 Market Houses in the Republic of Ireland

Notes

Towns and villages in County Limerick
DevilDriver (album)

DevilDriver is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band DevilDriver, the new band of former Coal Chamber singer Dez Fafara. In comparison to the other albums by DevilDriver, it is musically simpler, and Fafara sings in a different style.

The album's cover art features the Cross of Confusion, the band's logo.

Music videos were produced for "Nothing's Wrong?" and "I Could Care Less," the singles released off of the album, and found extensive airplay on programs such as Headbangers Ball and Uranium.

The song "Devil's Son" was featured in the tenth episode of the sixth season of Scrubs. "Swinging the Dead" is featured on the Freddy vs. Jason soundtrack.

Track listing

Singles
"Nothing's Wrong?"
"I Could Care Less"
"Swinging the Dead"

Personnel
Dez Fafara - vocals
Evan Pitts - lead guitar
Jeff Kendrick - rhythm guitar
Jon Miller - bass
John Boecklin - drums

Additional musicians
Mike Doling - guitar on "Devil's Son"

Production
Ross Hogarth - producer, engineering, mastering
Dan Certa - producer, engineering
Greg Reely - mixing

References

2003 debut albums
DevilDriver albums
Roadrunner Records albums
Woodtown

Woodtown is a hamlet on Dartmoor in Devon, England. It is roughly south of Sampford Spiney along the river Walkham.

Hamlets in Devon
Arthur French

Arthur French may refer to:

 Arthur French (actor) (1931–2021), American actor and director
 Arthur French (politician) (1764–1820), MP for the Irish constituency of Roscommon, 1801–1821
 Arthur French, 1st Baron de Freyne (1786–1856), United Kingdom Member of Parliament for Roscommon, 1821–1832
First Oil Well, Bahrain

As its name suggests, it is the first oil well in the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf and is located in Bahrain. The well is situated below Jebel Dukhan. It was discovered and operated by Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), established in 1929 in Canada by Standard Oil Company of California. 

Oil first spurted from this well on 16 October 1931, and the well finally began to blow heads of oil on the morning of 2 June 1932. The initial oil flow rate was ; by the 1970s the well produced , and after that it stabilized at about . In 1980, BAPCO was taken over by the Government of Bahrain. Close to the well, which has been reconstructed to its first appearance, is a stable.

Bahrain was the first place on the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf where oil was discovered, and it coincided with the collapse of the world pearl market.

See also
Dammam No. 7, first commercial oil well in Saudi Arabia

References

Economic history of Bahrain
Landmarks in Bahrain
1931 in Bahrain
Oil fields of Bahrain
Buildings and structures completed in 1931
History of the petroleum industry
Oil wells
The Fury of Our Maker's Hand

The Fury of Our Maker's Hand is the second studio album by American heavy metal band DevilDriver, released on June 28, 2005. It's the first DevilDriver album to feature guitarist Mike Spreitzer. The album entered the Billboard charts at number 117, with sales of 10,402. A special edition of the album was released on October 31, 2006. It contained six bonus tracks and an additional DVD with the band's four music videos.

A music video was produced for the song "Hold Back the Day", which found airplay on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. It featured stylistic elements, primarily background visuals such as a female mannequin head, highly reminiscent of Black Sabbath's video for "Paranoid".

The song "Driving Down the Darkness" was featured in the fifteenth episode of the sixth season of Scrubs.

Notes 
 "Unlucky 13" and "Guilty as Sin" were tracks recorded during the sessions for The Fury of Our Maker's Hand.
 "Digging Up the Corpses" is an outtake from their self-titled DevilDriver album. The song had only been previously released on the Resident Evil: Apocalypse movie soundtrack.
 The three live tracks (mixed by Andy Sneap) were recorded on tour in support of The Fury of Our Maker's Hand.

Track listing

Credits

Dez Fafara - vocals
Jeffrey Kendrick - rhythm guitar 
Michael Spreitzer - lead guitar 
Jon Miller - bass
John Boeklin - drums

Production
Colin Richardson - producer, engineering, mixing
Justin Leeach - assistant engineering
Bobby Torres - assistant engineering
Will Bartle - assistant mixing
Ted Jensen - mastering
Paul Brown - photography, layout
Monte Conner - A&R

Charts

References

External links
 
 The Fury of Our Maker's Hand at DevilDriver's official website
 The Fury of Our Maker's Hand at Roadrunner Records
 The Fury of Our Maker's Hand (Special Edition) at DevilDriver's official website

2005 albums
DevilDriver albums
Roadrunner Records albums
Albums produced by Colin Richardson
Albums recorded at Sonic Ranch
B-boys

B-boys may refer to one of the following:

Several contenders for 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries whose first or last name starts with "B"
Individuals who participate in breakdancing
Borax (disambiguation)

Borax is Sodium borate, a boron-containing mineral.

Borax may also refer to:
Borax (mineral), the naturally occurring mineral
Borax, Nevada, a ghost town in the United States
Sodium perborate, another boron-containing mineral.
BORAX experiments, a series of tests using the BORAX-I nuclear reactor
Pacific Coast Borax Company

See also
Borax Smith, Francis Marion Smith, an American business magnate
20 Mule Team Borax
Borex, municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
Base defense operations center

A base defense operations center (BDOC) is a command and control facility established by the base commander to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. 

It plans, directs, integrates, coordinates, and controls all base defense efforts, and coordinates and integrates into area security operations with the rear area operations center/rear tactical operations center. A BDOC will deploy a quick reaction force to engage security events that arise.

See also
 Force protection

External links
 Defenselink.mil

Military tactics
Force protection tactics
First Oil Well

First Oil Well may refer to:

 Village Bóbrka, near Krosno, Poland, is the site of the very first oil well (1854).  Polish inventor Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz designed the machines.
 Oil Springs, Ontario, the world's first commercial oil well (1858).
 Drake Well Museum, site of the American first successful oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania (1859).
 First Oil Well, Bahrain, the first oil well in the Persian Gulf (1932).
 Dammam No. 7, the first commercial oil well in Saudi Arabia (1938).
Base commander

The base commander is the officer assigned to command a military base. In the United States armed forces, a base commander is generally at least an O-6 grade officer, which means colonel (Army, Air Force, Marines) or captain (Navy, Coast Guard).

However, in certain instances, typically with smaller installations, a base commander may be of a higher or lower rank depending on the size of the installation.

In the US Army, a base commander is called a post commander. A US Army installation sometimes establishes a base defense operations centers to provide a focus point for defense operations. The post commander for most active duty installations is an O-7 grade officer (brigadier general) or higher, depending in the echelon housed. For example, Wheeler Army Airfield on Oahu, Hawaii, houses the 25th Combat Aviation Brigade and is commanded by an O-6 (colonel). Fort Leonard Wood houses a Center of Excellence and three branch commands (Chemical, Engineer and Military Police) and is commanded by an O-7 (brigadier general). Fort Hood houses three divisions and III Corps and is commanded by an O-10 (general).

In the US Air Force, a base commander may either be called an air base wing commander or a support group commander. If the former, the commander is an independent commander supporting other tenant units; if the latter, the commander is a junior O-6 answering to a more senior O-6 or a general officer serving as the wing commander.

In the US Navy, the US Marine Corps and US Coast Guard, the commanding officer of a base, station, air station, support activity or other facility in an independent commander, typically supporting one or more tenant units.

Military ranks
American College of Heraldry and Arms

The American College of Heraldry and Arms, Inc. was an American organization established in 1966 to promote heraldry in the United States. The corporate address of the college was Harbormaster's Building, Herald's Mews on Longneck, Pier 4 Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

The organization was divided into two administrative divisions: the American College of Arms researched inherited arms, verified genealogy, and granted new arms to individuals across the country; the College of Arms of the United States assisted corporate entities, such as businesses and municipal heraldry. 

The college was established by Donald Franklin Stewart, William Henry Lloyd, Charles Francis Stein, Jr., and Gordon Malvern Fair Stick. Their titles were, respectively, Chief Herald Marshall, Herald Genealogist, Herald Chancellor, and Telorum Rex.

The college employed art students from the Maryland Institute College of Art to paint the armorial achievements and create grant and matriculation documents.

On 1 June 1968, the college granted arms to President Lyndon Johnson; the grant was presented to Johnson by Mr. Donald Stewart in the Oval Office of the White House on Monday, June 10, 1968, at 10:00 am, with U.S. Senator Daniel Brewster in attendance. The arms were blazoned Azure on a Saltire Gules fimbriated between four Eagles displayed a Mullet Or.

In October 1968, the college granted a coat of arms to Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew. The blazon of these arms was Azure on a Cross between four Horses Heads couped Argent a Cross botony Gules.

By January 1969 the college had refused over 1000 requests for arms. The petitions were denied because they were assumed arms or armorial petitions with errors in their genealogy. The college also excluded helms or coronets from their armorial grants.

The college existed until 1970.

Seal
The arms incorporated elements from many different European national arms. They can be blazoned as Quarterly of eight (1) Or a Lion Rampant within a Double Tressure fleury-counter-fleury Gules [Scotland] (2) Azure three Fleur-de-lis Or [France] (3) Gules three Lions passant guardant Or [England] (4) Azure billety a Lion rampant crowned holding a Sword in the dexter paw and a bundle of arrows in the sinister Or [Netherlands] (5) Azure three Crowns Or [Sweden] (6) Or a double headed Eagle Sable [Germany] (7) Azure a Harp Or [Ireland] and (8) Per pale Gules a castle Or and Argent a Lion rampant Purpure [Spain] (9) on an Escutcheon over all Argent six Pallets Gules on a Chief Azure thirteen Mullets Argent [United States].

See also
American College of Heraldry
Committee on Heraldry of the New England Historic Genealogical Society
College of Heraldry and Arms International

References

American heraldry
Heraldic societies
Genealogical societies in the United States
Organizations established in 1966
Organizations disestablished in 1970
1966 establishments in the United States
Omen (2003 film)

Sung horn (Thai: สังหรณ์, English title: Omen) is a 2003 Thai suspense film. It was written by the Pang Brothers and starred Kawee Tanjararak (Beam), Panrawat Kittikorncharoen (Big) and Worrawech Danuwong (Dan) – all members of a popular Thai boyband at the time, D2B.

Plot
Strange things start happening when separate twists of fate bring each of three friends, Big, Dan and Beam,  into contact with three strangers – an old woman who tells prophecies, a little girl who sells garlands on the street and a young woman named Aom. What none of them realize is that not only is there a connection between the three females, but also between the guys themselves and their destinies. But it starts to become clear that one them is fated to die.

Cast
Kawee Tanjararak as Beam
Panrawat Kittikorncharoen as Big
Worrawech Danuwong as Dan
Supatchaya Reunreung as Aom

Trivia
The three friends' character names are the nicknames they use in real life.
After the movie was released, Panrawat Kittikorncharoen (Big) was involved in a traffic accident in which his car overturned in a polluted khlong in Bangkok. A large amount of bacteria entered his body and he was in a coma. He made a recovery, but suffered brain damage. He eventually died on December 9, 2007, due to complications.
Dan and Beam have continued in music as a duo but later on the two separated. Dan joined in Sony BMG and Beam stayed in RS Public Company Limited.

External links

''Omen at the Thai Film Database
Thai synopsis and gallery

2000s thriller films
Thai supernatural horror films
NKP Salve Challenger Trophy

The NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, commonly referred to as the Challenger Series, was an Indian List A cricket tournament organized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). Established in the 1994–1995 season, the tournament was played to showcase the country's talent and providing opportunities for younger players to make an impression. The tournament was played in October every year until the 2013–14 season before Ranji Trophy season.

From 1998 to 1999 the tournament was known as the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, named after former Board of Control for Cricket in India president N. K. P. Salve  – the man who brought the World Cup to the sub-continent in 1987. The tournament was not played in 2002–03.

The annual tournament is played between three sides, consisting of 36 of the best players in India. The three teams were India Seniors, India A, and India B. Team names were changed for the 2006 version of this tournament. India Seniors became India Blue, India A became India Red, and India B became India Green. India Seniors has won 7 times, including the 2005–06 edition.

Winners

See also
 Cricket in India
 Deodhar Trophy
 Vijay Hazare Trophy

References

External links

NKP Salve Challenger on SPORT195 

Indian domestic cricket competitions
List A cricket competitions
Pizzino

Pizzino (; plural as pizzini) is an Italian language word derived from the Sicilian language equivalent pizzinu meaning "small piece of paper". The word has been widely used to refer to small slips of paper that the Sicilian Mafia uses for high-level communications.

Sicilian Mafia boss Bernardo Provenzano is among those best known for using pizzini, most notably in his instruction that Matteo Messina Denaro become his successor. The pizzini of other mafiosi have significantly aided police investigations.

Provenzano case
Provenzano used a version of the Caesar cipher, used by Julius Caesar in wartime communications. The Caesar code involves shifting each letter of the alphabet forward three places; Provenzano's pizzini code did the same, then replaced letters with numbers indicating their position in the alphabet.

For example, one reported note by Provenzano read "I met 512151522 191212154 and we agreed that we will see each other after the holidays...". This name was decoded as "Binnu Riina".

Discovery Channel News quotes cryptography expert Bruce Schneier saying "Looks like kindergarten cryptography to me. It will keep your kid sister out, but it won't keep the police out. But what do you expect from someone who is computer illiterate?".

References

Pizzino
Cryptography
Organized crime terminology