alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Ferlach

Ferlach () in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in Carinthia is the southernmost town in Austria. It is known for its centuries-old gunsmith tradition, part of the Austrian intangible cultural heritage since 2010.

Geography
It is situated in the Rosental/Rož Valley of the Drava River, about  south of the Carinthian state capital Klagenfurt. In the south, the crest of the Karawanks mountain range forms the border with  Slovenia. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Ferlach (Borovlje), Kappel an der Drau (Kapla ob Dravi), Kirschentheuer (Kožentavra), Unterloibl (Podljubelj), Waidisch (Bajdiše), Unterferlach (Medborovnica), Glainach (Glinje), Seidolach (Ždovlje), and Windisch Bleiberg (Slovenji Plajberg).

The town centre lies at the junction of the Rosental Straße (B85) highway with Loiblpass Straße (B91), part of the  European route E652, running from Klagenfurt to Tržič in Slovenia via Loibl Pass. The Ferlach Railway line from Weizelsdorf went out of service in 1951, but on summer weekends and special occasions a heritage railway service, the Rosentaler Dampfzug runs as far as Weizelsdorf, operated by the preservation group Nostalgiebahnen in Kärnten.

History
Ferlach was first mentioned as Vörelach in a 1246 deed, named after the surrounding pine (Föhre, bor in Slovene) forests. The mountainous area is the site of large iron ore deposits, ironworks and forging is documented since the 15th century. 

The relocation of the capital of the Duchy of Carinthia to nearby Klagenfurt under the rule of King Maximilian I about 1518 decisively promoted the development of Ferlach as a centre of firearm manufacturing. Under Empress Maria Theresa, its gunsmiths became the main armorers of the Habsburg monarchy. Ferlach firearms were also used by the Spanish, French and Turkish armies.

The present-day municipality was established as Oberferlach in 1850. Ferlach received town privileges in 1930 and today is a centre for the production of hunting rifles. The history of the town is depicted in its coat of arms: it features a pine tree with a cone, two crossed silver nails, and a rifle.

Population
According to the 2011 census has Ferlach 7.272 inhabitants. 8.0% of the population are Carinthian Slovenes.

Climate

Politics
Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2021 local elections:

 Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 16 
 Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 4
 Enotna lista/Volilna skupnost: 3
 Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 3
 The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1

Notable people
 Odo Josef Struger (1931–1998), engineer
 Wolfgang Petritsch (born 1947), diplomat, honorary citizen

References

External links 

Cities and towns in Klagenfurt-Land District
Scotty Lake

Scotty Lake is the name of three lakes in the U.S. state of Alaska:

A one-mile-long (1.6 km) lake in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, located along near the Parks Highway at , six miles (9.7 km) west of Talkeetna.
A 0.7-mile-long (1,130 m) lake in Denali National Park and Preserve, Denali Borough, located at , 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Mount Russell, in southwestern Denali Borough.
In the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, at .
Acanthosomatidae

Acanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named "shield bugs" or "stink bugs". Kumar in his 1974 world revision recognized 47 genera; now this number is 55 genera, with about 200 species, and it is one of the least diverse families within Pentatomoidea. The Acanthosomatidae species are found throughout the world, being most abundant in high-latitude temperate regions and in subtropical regions at high altitudes.

One of the most well-known species in Acanthosomatidae is the hawthorn shield bug (Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale), which is found throughout Europe and also northern Siberia; this species is typically green or brown in color and has a distinctive shape with two projections on its thorax. It feeds on a variety of plants, including hawthorn, rowan, and cherry.

Description
Acanthosomatidae have heads that are keeled laterally and possess a pair of 5-segmented antennae. The mesosternum has a strongly projecting keel. The tarsi of the legs are 2-segmented. The second visible abdominal sternite has an elongate spine that projects forwards. The spiracles of the second abdominal segment are concealed by the metapleura. Abdominal sternite III has paired trichobothria. In males, sternite VIII is exposed and there is a specialised genital capsule. In females, one or two pairs of Pendergrast's organs are present in the abdomen (sometimes absent, e.g. Elasmucha) and sternite VII has an emarginate posterior margin.

In general appearance, Acanthosomatidae are similar to Pentatomidae. Various sources distinguish them based on the number of tarsal segments being 2 in acanthosomatids and 3 in pentatomids. However, some pentatomids have 2-segmented tarsi as well.

Ecology
Acanthosomatidae are mostly herbivores on trees and shrubs. Host plants include Ficus, Hakea, Carex, Juncus, Cladium and Dactylis. There are also records of predation (including cannibalism) and scavenging on carrion.

Maternal care 
Many species have females which take care of their offspring, guarding the eggs and nymphs. In these species, the Pendergrast's organs are absent or reduced and non-functional. Other species have a more limited form of care: females smear their eggs with secretions from the Pendergrast's organs (which may repel predators and parasitoids), then abandon the eggs. Egg smearing is the ancestral behaviour.

Genera
Examples of genera and species:
Acanthosoma Curtis, 1824
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus, 1758) — Hawthorn shield bug
Acanthosoma labiduroides Jakovlev, 1880 — Green shield bug
Cyphostethus Fieber, 1860
Cyphostethus tristriatus — Juniper shield bug
Elasmostethus Fieber, 1860
Elasmostethus interstinctus — Birch shield bug
Elasmostethus minor
Elasmucha Stål, 1864
Elasmucha cordillera Thomas, 1991
Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabricius, 1787)
Elasmucha fieberi (Jakovlev, 1864)
Elasmucha flammatum (Distant, 1893)
Elasmucha grisea (Linnaeus, 1758) — Parent bug
Elasmucha lateralis (Say, 1831)
Eupolemus
Oncacontias Breddin, 1903
Oncacontias vittatus — Forest shield bug

References

 
Heteroptera families
Together with the Union

Together with the Union () was an electoral alliance in Italy that contested seats in the senate for the 2006 general election. The alliance consisted of:
Federation of the Greens ()
Party of Italian Communists ()
United Consumers ()

The alliance received 4.09% of the votes and 11 seats in the senate. It contested in the election as part of The Union.

References

Defunct political party alliances in Italy
Guerrico

Guerrico may refer to

ARA Guerrico, an Argentine Navy corvette
Rear Admiral Martín Guerrico, an Argentine Navy officer who fought in the 19th century Paraguayan War
Carlos Guerrico, an Argentine Olympic fencer.
Inés de Guerrico Eguses (Sor María Jacinta; 1793-1840), Argentine nun, writer
Calais-Ville station

Calais-Ville station (French: Gare de Calais-Ville) is a railway station in the city centre of Calais, France.

History
Gare de Ville opened in 1849, replacing the temporary St. Pierre station which had opened in 1846 and subsequently became the site of a marshalling yard. It was rebuilt in 1888–89.  In 1900, the metre gauge Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais (CF AC) was extended from St. Pierre to Calais-Ville, enabling the closure of St. Pierre.

In the Second World War, Calais-Ville station had been severely damaged in 1940 during the Battle of France, and further damaged in 1944 when Calais was liberated by Allied forces. The remaining station buildings were demolished and temporary buildings erected to serve until the station was rebuilt. The CF AC closed on 1 March 1955. Calais-Ville station was subsequently rebuilt.

Services
It is the principal station for commuter and short-distance rail services in Calais. Another station Calais-Fréthun, which is where longer distance trains depart from, is connected by a free shuttle bus service (to meet with trains to Paris). There is a third smaller station at Les Fontinettes.

There is a shuttle service bus from the Port of Calais to the station.

The station is served by the following trains:

High speed trains (TGV) Paris - Lille - Calais

Regional trains (TER Hauts-de-France):
line K16 to Boulogne, Amiens and Paris
line K21 to Boulogne and Amiens
line K71 to Hazebrouck and Lille

Local trains: (TER Hauts-de-France):
line P54 to Hazebrouck, Béthune, Lens and Arras
line P71 to Hazebrouck
line P72 to Dunkirk
line P73 to Boulogne, Étaples and Rang-du-Fliers

There is one TGV return service via Calais-Fréthun to Lille-Europe each day.

It was formerly served by the Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais between 1900 and 1955.

See also
Port of Calais
Port of Dover

References

Sources

Railway stations in Pas-de-Calais
Buildings and structures in Calais
Railway stations in France opened in 1849
Levi ibn Habib

Levi ibn Habib (c. 1480 – c. 1545), also known by the acronym HaRaLBaCh, was Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem from 1525 until his death.

Under King Manuel of Portugal, and when about seventeen, he was compelled to submit to baptism, but at the first opportunity fled to Salonica, where he could follow the dictates of his conscience in safety. In 1523 he went to Jerusalem, but in a short time returned to Salonica. In 1525 he settled permanently in Jerusalem, where his learning won him the position of chief rabbi. There he met Jacob Berab, with whom he often came into conflict on questions of rabbinical law. A serious quarrel broke out between these two rabbis when Berab, becoming chief rabbi of Safed, reintroduced the ancient practice of the semikhah (rabbinical ordination). They carried on a bitter and envenomed controversy for some time, in the course of which Berab referred to Ibn Habib's adoption of Christianity. The latter frankly admitted the fact, but pointed out that at the time he was a mere youth, that his involuntary profession of Christianity lasted hardly a year, and that he took the first opportunity to escape and rejoin the religion of his fathers. This controversy was chiefly responsible for the fact that the practice of ordination ceased again soon after Berab's death.

Writings
He was knowledgeable in mathematics and astronomy. In his youth he edited his father's book Ein Yaakov (Constantinople, 1516; by Jacob ibn Habib). He wrote: She'elot u-Teshubot, a collection of 147 responsa; Kontres ha-Semikah, a treatise on ordination; Perush Kiddush HaChodesh, a commentary on Hilchot Kiddush HaChodesh (rules governing the construction of the Hebrew calendar in Maimonides' code of law). All these works were published together in Venice (1565); the last-named work was also published separately (ib. 1574-76).

References

 Its bibliography:
David Conforte, Kore ha-Dorot, pp. 32a, 33b, 37a:
Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. 3d ed., ix.293-296;
Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi, Dizionario, i.84;
Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh, pp. 53a-54a;
Julius Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i.153;
Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1606.

16th-century rabbis from the Ottoman Empire
15th-century Portuguese Jews
Sephardi rabbis in Ottoman Syria
1480s births
1540s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
Chief rabbis of Jerusalem
People from Zamora, Spain
Jews expelled from Spain in 1492
Authors of books on Jewish law
Sephardi rabbis from Ottoman Palestine
Advanced Congress of Democrats

The Advanced Congress of Democrats (ACD) was an opposition political party in Nigeria, created and first registered in March 2006. In September 2006, in merged into the newly  formed  Action Congress launched in 2005.  

The ACD was primarily composed of former People's Democratic Party members, and was one of a series of anti-Obasanjo coalitions, beginning with the Movement for the Defence of Democracy in 2005, and followed by the AC in 2006/2007.  It maintained a small independent organization after the 2007 elections, while its leaders had merged into the AC.

The party was formed by opponents of a proposed constitutional amendment that would allow incumbent President Olusegun Obasanjo to seek a third term in office, and had its base of support in the south west of Nigeria.

The then Vice-President Atiku Abubakar,  a northerner who opposed a third term for Obasanjo, was believed to back the new party from its inception.

The ACD was largely made up of disgruntled PDP members who felt they had lost power and patronage to the President's supporters.  Attempts by the President's supporters to amend the constitutional two term limit, allowing President Obasanjo to continue in office for a further four years, led to a rupture of the underlying tension within the party.  

Three of the founders of the ACD, Alhaji Lawal Kaita, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu and Audu Ogbeh, are former PDP politicians, and have complained of harassment and detention by the government since the ACD's founding. In March, ACD chair Alhaji Lawal Kaita, the former PDP governor of Kaduna state was detained shortly after a party rally was shut down by police in Dutse, Jigawa State.

The Vice President, who had previously shown no interest in running for president, was in 2006 the main focus of these former PDP politicians.  He was widely expected to be a future Presidential candidate of the ACD.

In September 2006, the ACD led the creation of a coalition with the Alliance for Democracy, the Justice Party, and several other minor political parties, and forming the Action Congress.  Atiku Abubakar was its presidential candidate in the 2007 General Election.

References

ACD Party Website.
Nigeria Electoral Commission, Party information.
Daily Sun, AD/ACD: United against third-term, April 29, 2006.
Daily Sun, Corrupt people won’t ever rule Nigeria – EFCC• ACD dares commission: July 19, 2006.
Arrest of ACD Leader, 2006.
BBC News: Thousands launch Nigerian party
Defunct political parties in Nigeria
2006 establishments in Nigeria
Political parties established in 2006
Political parties with year of disestablishment missing
Texas State Highway 53

State Highway 53 (SH 53) is a Texas state highway that runs from Temple to Rosebud.

History

SH 53 was designated on August 21, 1923 as a route from Dickens to Brownfield, replacing a portion of SH 18. This route was cancelled on March 19, 1930 when SH 24 extended west, replacing the route from Dickens to Lubbock, while the rest of the route was renumbered as part of SH 137.

SH 53 was designated again on March 19, 1930 replacing SH 108A from Lampasas to Temple. On May 20, 1930, the road was corrected to continue east to Rosebud. It was shortened to its current route on September 26, 1939, when the stretch from Lampasas to Temple was transferred to U.S. Route 190 (which this section was cosigned with since 1935). On January 24, 1978, SH 53 was rerouted over part of SH 36 to SH 36.

Major intersections

References

External links

053
Transportation in Bell County, Texas
Transportation in Falls County, Texas
Arthur Winter

Arthur Henry Winter (4 December 1844 – 31 December 1937) was an Anglican priest and cricketer.

He was born in Clapham Green, Surrey and educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a right-handed batsman and a wicketkeeper for Cambridge University in fifteen matches (1865–1867) as a triple cricket blue and for Middlesex in three matches (1866–1867). His brother and two nephews also played first-class cricket.

He died in Hemingford Abbots, Huntingdonshire aged 93.

References

External links
 Cricinfo
 Cricket Archive

1844 births
1937 deaths
Sportspeople from Clapham
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
20th-century English Anglican priests
19th-century English Anglican priests
Cambridge University cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
English cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
North of the Thames v South of the Thames cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
JSDC

JSDC may refer to:

 Jerry Sanders Creative Design Competition.
 Joint Service Defence College.
 Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, a journal relaunched in 2001 as Coloration Technology by the Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK.
Warwolf

The Warwolf, or War Wolf or Ludgar (), is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made. It was created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle, as part of the Scottish Wars of Independence.

Warwolf at Stirling
When disassembled, the weapon would fill 30 wagons in parts. It reportedly took five master carpenters and forty-nine other labourers at least three months to complete.

A contemporary account of the siege states, "During this business the king had carpenters construct a fearful engine called the loup-de-guerre [sic., War wolf], and this when it threw, brought down the whole wall."

Even before construction could be completed, Scottish soldiers offered surrender, fearing the weapon's potential to destroy the entire castle. Edward sent the truce party back inside the castle, declaring, "You do not deserve any grace, but must surrender to my will." Edward decided to carry on with the siege and witness the destructive power of the weapon. Reportedly, the Warwolf could accurately hurl rocks weighing as much as  from distance of  and level a large section of the curtain wall.

In the original records
Some of the original parchment rolls of the accounts of King Edward survive. Two references to the War Wolf, in Latin read;
Domino Alexandro le Convers, pro denariis per ipsum datis,..., carpentariis facientibus ingenium quod vocatur Lupus Guerre, et aliis operaris diversis operantibus, ..., mensibus Maii et Junii anno presenti (1304), viio die Junii, ..., 10 s.To Master Alexander le Convers, for money paid by him to the carpenters making the engine called 'War Wolf', and other workers working (also on the engine), in May and June 1304, 10 shillings on 7 June 1304.Thome de Viridi Campo, valleto regine, de dono regis in recompensacionem laboris quem sustenit circa facturem Lupus Guerre quem rex fieri ordinavit pro insultu castri de Stryvelyn, ..., xl li."To Thomas of Viridis Campus (i.e. Greenfield), the queen's valet, recompensed at the King's hand for his labours in the making of the 'War Wolf', which the King ordered to be made to slight Stirling Castle, £40."

Another payment refers to a watchman; Reginald the Janitor was paid wages for guarding its beams for forty nights in June and July 1304.

References

Bain, Joseph, ed., Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, vol. 4, HM Register House, Edinburgh, (1877)

External links

 Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), from the NOVA website

Siege engines
Creative City

Creative City (aka Fujairah Creative City – FCC) is a media free zone government-owned company in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

Overview
FCC was launched by Fujairah Media as an alternative to Dubai Media City, aims to attract regional and international broadcast TV and radio providers to Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates, while also providing creative media-related services.

The first phase of the development secured USD50 million. The free zone will be a  complex and will be located alongside the Sheikh Khalifa Highway, in turn connecting it to the Emirates Road leading to Dubai. The first phase was completed in 2007.

The following types of licenses will be available in Fujairah Creative City:

 Publishing
 Management of broadcasting
 Marketing and Media Services
 Music and Entertainment
 Consultancy
 Broadcasting
 Production/Post production/Filming
 Information Technology Services

See also
 Fujairah Free Zone
 Censorship in the United Arab Emirates

References

2005 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Companies established in 2005
Free-trade zones of the United Arab Emirates
Emirati film studios
Government-owned companies of Fujairah
Companies based in the Emirate of Fujairah
Economy of the Emirate of Fujairah
Geography of the Emirate of Fujairah
Fujairah City
Consall railway station

Consall railway station is a former passenger railway station of the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) and is now a preserved station on the Churnet Valley Railway in Staffordshire, England.

History

Consall station, situated on the Churnet Valley Line of the NSR, was opened to both passengers and goods on 3 March 1902. The station was a quiet country station serving the needs of workers involved in the forge and nearby lime kilns. It was however, opened mainly for the small, nearby village. As with many stations in the 1960s, passenger numbers decreased to such an extent that the station was closed in 1965.

Re-opening, and the Churnet Valley Railway
During the 1970s a railway preservation base was set up at nearby Cheddleton station. This was later to become the base of the Churnet Valley Railway. The CVR had been slowly progressing in preserving the line when in the late 1990s they had reached the station site.

The down (western) platform was still in existence but without any platform edging stones. These were replaced and this platform opened for passengers 11 July 1998. Construction later began on the replica station buildings which opened on 3 March 2002.

The second track running through the station, which had served as a run-round loop, was made redundant when the line was extended to Froghall, so work began on resignalling this loop to allow two train operation on the line. This involved the addition of signals and a signal box to the station (the original line was double track throughout, so no box was ever located at Consall).

To finish, the wooden up (eastern) platform was reconstructed so that the original 1902 shelter could be put back into use and so passing trains had a platform to call in the up direction.

This platform was opened on 22 April 2005 and now the station is relatively complete and is the nerve centre of train operations on peak days due to the new passing loop and signal box.

Notes

External links
Churnet Valley Railway homepage

Heritage railway stations in Staffordshire
Staffordshire Moorlands
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Beeching closures in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1902
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
St Matthias Islands

The St Matthias Islands (also known as the Mussau islands) are a small archipelago group of islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, in northern Papua New Guinea. They are within New Ireland Province.

Geography
There are at least 10 islands. The largest and most northerly is Mussau.

To the southwest of Mussau are: Eloaua, Emananus, Boliu, Emussau, Ebanalu, Ekaleu, and a few smaller isles.
To the east of Mussau are: Emirau, and further east is Tench Island.

The islands have been designated as an Endemic Bird Area by Birdlife International.

Archipelagoes of Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
New Ireland Province
Aerenchyma

Aerenchyma or aeriferous parenchyma   or lacunae, is a modification of the parenchyma to form a spongy tissue that creates spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root. The channels of air-filled cavities (see image to right) provide a low-resistance internal pathway for the exchange of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene between the plant above the water and the submerged tissues. Aerenchyma is also widespread in aquatic and wetland plants which must grow in hypoxic soils.

The word "aerenchyma" is Modern Latin derived from Latin  for "air" and Greek  for "infusion."

Aerenchyma formation and hypoxia 

When soil is flooded, hypoxia develops, as soil microorganisms consume oxygen faster than diffusion occurs. The presence of hypoxic soils is one of the defining characteristics of wetlands. Many wetland plants possess aerenchyma, and in some, such as water-lilies, there is mass flow of atmospheric air through leaves and rhizomes. There are many other chemical consequences of hypoxia.  For example, nitrification is inhibited as low oxygen occurs and toxic compounds are formed, as anaerobic bacteria use nitrate, manganese, and sulfate as alternative electron acceptors. The reduction-oxidation potential of the soil decreases and metal oxides such as iron and manganese dissolve, however, radial oxygen loss allows re-oxidation of these ions in the rhizosphere.

In general, low oxygen stimulates trees and plants to produce ethylene.

Advantages 

The large air-filled cavities provide a low-resistance internal pathway for the exchange of gases between the plant organs above the water and the submerged tissues. This allows plants to grow without incurring the metabolic costs of anaerobic respiration. Moreover, the degradation of cortical cells during aerenchyma formation reduce the metabolic costs of plants during stresses such as drought. Some of the oxygen transported through the aerenchyma leaks through root pores into the surrounding soil. The resulting small rhizosphere of oxygenated soil around individual roots support microorganisms that prevent the influx of potentially toxic soil components such as sulfide, iron, and manganese.

References 

Plant physiology
Plant cells
Wetlands

de:Parenchyma#hym
Liscus

Liscus was Vergobretus (chief magistrate) of the Aedui of central Gaul in 58 BC. He revealed to Julius Caesar the role of his compatriot Dumnorix in withholding supplies.

References
 Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.16-18

1st-century BC Gaulish tribal chiefs
Barbarian people of the Gallic Wars
Aedui
Peter Hayman (ornithologist)

Peter Hayman (born 17 February 1930 in Uxbridge, Middlesex, England) is a British ornithologist and illustrator.

Career
After his education in Taunton school he studied architecture. He worked as an architect for several years in London but in 1969 he became an artist. His main interest was water-colour paintings of British birds. In 1976 the British publisher Mitchell Beazley released the book "The Birdlife of Britain" which was written by Philip John Kennedy Burton and illustrated by Hayman. In the 1980s he illustrated some books which were published as Helm Identification Guides. In 1991 he published "The Complete Guide to the Birdlife of Britain & Europe". This richly illustrated book with 3,500 water colour paintings which was published in collaboration with Rob Hume was translated in several languages, and became a popular bird guide in Europe. Hume recognises this as one of his most pleasing books, being honoured to have been chosen by the artist as his collaborator on the text. He believes it has some of Hayman's most accurate yet also most beautiful work, which took bird identification illustrations to a new level.

Bibliography

As author
Shorebirds — an identification guide to the waders of the world (1986) by Hayman, John Marchant & Tony Prater — 
The Heron's Handbook  (1987) by Hayman, James Hancock, James Kushlan & Robert Gillmor — 
The Complete Guide to the Birdlife of Britain & Europe (1991), by Hayman & Rob Hume - 
Birds of Prey of Britain & Europe (2006), by Hayman & Rob Hume -

As illustrator

The Birdlife of Britain (1976), by Philip John Kennedy Burton — 
The Doomsday Book of Animals (1981), by David Day - 
The Shell Easy Bird Guide (1997), by Rob Hume - 
Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives (1999), by Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp, Tim Inskipp —

As author and illustrator
Birdwatcher's Pocket Guide (1979). Mitchell Beazley

Cited sources

References
The Doomsday Book of Animals (1981), by David Day - 

1930 births
Living people
English ornithologists
People from Taunton
British bird artists
Cheddleton railway station

Cheddleton railway station is a former passenger railway station of the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) and is now a preserved station on the Churnet Valley Railway in Staffordshire, England].

History
Cheddleton station, situated on the Churnet Valley Line of the NSR, was opened to passengers and goods on 1 September 1849.

The station was a quiet country station serving the needs of nearby Cheddleton village, and for a time, the settlement of Ipstones, which is out of the valley.

As with many stations in the 1960s, levels of traffic decreased to such an extent that the station was considered non-viable and closed to both passengers and goods in 1965.

Churnet Valley Railway early days
During the 1970s a railway preservation base was established at Cheddleton railway station. This was due to a campaign by local people, spearheaded by local businessman and resident Norman Hancock, who in May 1974 as a mark of protest parked his Jaguar car on the level crossing where the railway line meets Basford Bridge Lane in Cheddleton. Following his actions and with support from a local campaign the station building was saved from demolition and became a grade II listed building on 14 May 1974. Cheddleton Station later became the base of the Churnet Valley Railway and has a commemorative plaque dedicated to Hancock on the wall.

Initially, there was a railway museum displaying artefacts relating to the North Staffordshire Railway. In 1978 the NSRS became the North Staffordshire Railway Co. (1978) Ltd, and it became a charity in 1983.

Later the bay platform area was acquired in 1984 and a former NSR signal box was put into use. The Churnet Valley line finally closed for sand traffic in 1988 and the NSRC jumped at the chance to purchase the line from British Rail by publicising its share prospectus.

The first passenger train to leave Cheddleton onto the mainline under CVR control left for  on 24 August 1996.

Later developments 
Since the first trains ran in 1996 the CVR has grown with Cheddleton remaining its headquarters. The station area has benefited from temporary buildings on the opposite side to the original, housing a shop and tea room. The yard to the south of the platforms has progressively expanded with several roads, an inspection pit, and carriage shed being some of the facilities now in use as well as the main engine shed that was built early on. Recently the second platform has been reconnected to the main line by means of a siding which will one day form a loop to pass trains on.

Cheddleton tunnel 
Just to the north of the station lies the  long Cheddleton Tunnel.

See also
Listed buildings in Cheddleton

Route

References

External links

Churnet Valley Railway Cheddleton Homepage

Heritage railway stations in Staffordshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Grade II listed railway stations
Grade II listed buildings in Staffordshire
Beeching closures in England
1849 establishments in England
Eugene Platon

Eugene Platon () is an international yachtsman, participant of a number of world class sailing events, including the most prestigious Volvo Ocean Race (formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race).

In 1989–90, he was a key member (watch leader) of  Fazisi the only Soviet Union entry to the Whitbread Round the World Race. Later, Eugene Platon brought his sailing/navigation and management experience to the Ukrainian team that for the first time in history entered Whitbread Round the World Race on board Hetman Sahaidachny in 1993–94. Competing with the world's top sailors, Platon was successful in skippering and navigating the Ukrainian yacht into 7th place overall, despite the fact that other competitors had significantly larger budgets.

Eugene Platon (1959) is a native of Republic of Moldova, previously U.S.S.R. In 1982, he graduated from MIPT with a M.S. degree as a qualified Engineer in applied mathematics and control science. Early practical sailing and navigation experience made Eugene Platon one of the best yacht racing skippers on the Black Sea, and he got even more advanced with his sailing and navigation skills while having the experience of ocean yacht racing.

Having sailed the Volvo Ocean Race twice (1989-90 and 1993-94), Platon also combined his skipper and navigator knowledge with yacht’s design and construction. "Hetman Sahaidachny" was a new generation of ocean racing yachts, - the high tech Whitbread 60 design. Using a design from top naval architect Bruce Farr,  "Hetman Sahaidachny" was built under the direct management of Eugene Platon with advanced aerospace technology. For "Fazisi", Platon was also instrumental in the construction of the vessel.

Eugene Platon was the leader of the Russian Project for the 2008-09 Volvo Ocean Race .

In 2009 Platon joined as technical expert the SpeedDream project - a quest to build the fastest monohull on the planet.

Bibliography 
Platon is also known as the author of three books about ocean yacht racing: 
"The Russians are coming" (in Russian, PDF format),
“Formula 1 of the Oceans” (in Russian),
“Skipper’s Notes” (in Russian, PDF format)

Video 
"Hetman Sahaidachny" in the 1993-94 Whitbread Round The World Race (in Russian)

External links 
 SpeedDream project - a quest to build the fastest monohull on the planet
 
 
 The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
 The Ocean Race  Overview, Marketing, History (PDF format)

1959 births
Living people
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
Boat builders
Russian male sailors (sport)
Moldovan sailors (sport)
Soviet male sailors (sport)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
List of Slovenian writers

This is a list of Slovenian writers. Names are in English alphabetical order. Information not on a person's page needs a reference.

See also
Slovenian literature
List of Slovenian women writers
List of Slovenian language poets
List of Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary

Slovenian writers
Writers
Black and tan (disambiguation)

Black and tan may refer to:

 Black and Tan, a drink made by mixing dark and light beers, typically Guinness and Bass ale
 Black and Tans, a British paramilitary force, (formed to suppress the Irish War of Independence), who wore khaki and dark shirts.
 Black and Tan War, alternative name for the Irish War of Independence
Come Out, Ye Black and Tans, an Irish rebel song referring to the Black and Tans
 Black-and-tan faction, a defunct biracial faction of the U.S. Republican Party
 Black and tan clubs, a type of club in the United States in the early 20th century catering to black and mixed-race persons
 Black and tan, coat (dog) coloration, sometimes used to specify a breed: 
 Austrian Black and Tan Hound
 Black and Tan Coonhound
 Black and Tan Terrier
 English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
 Scarteen Hunt, a hunt pack of Kerry Beagles in Scarteen, County Limerick, Ireland
 Black and Tan (film), 1929 short film featuring Duke Ellington and his Cotton Club Orchestra
 "Black and Tan Fantasy", song featured in the film
 "Black and Tan: A Crime of Fashion", season 2 episode of Psych
 Black & Tan, fictional movie in "Film Fest: Tears of a Clone" episode of Clone High
Texas State Highway 55

State Highway 55 (SH 55) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas. It runs from Uvalde northwestward through the western Hill Country onto the Edwards Plateau, ending south of Sonora.

History

SH 55 was designated from Uvalde to La Pryor on August 21, 1923, replacing SH 3E. On March 16, 1925, it was extended south to SH 2 near Cactus. On October 26, 1925, it was extended north to Rocksprings. On October 26, 1926, it was rerouted to Bart. On October 10, 1927, it was extended south through Catarina and then east to Artesia Wells. On August 6, 1929 (effective on September 1), SH 55 was truncated to Uvalde, with everything south of there being transferred to SH 4, and the section from Catarina to Artesia Wells was cancelled in exchange for the extension of SH 4. On October 25, 1932, SH 55 extended north to its current terminus. On November 30, 1932, SH 55 was extended south through Batesville and Dilley to San Diego. On July 15, 1935, SH 55 was shortened to a route from Rocksprings to Uvalde. On January 18, 1937, SH 55 extended to Dilley again. On February 11, 1937, SH 55 extended back north to SH 30. The portion from Uvalde to 4.8 miles southeast of Batesville and from Divot to Dilley were to be constructed starting on March 26, 1942, but upon completion, these sections of SH 55 were to be cancelled and changed to Farm to Market Roads. The section south of Uvalde was cancelled on January 11, 1945, and the portion from Uvalde to 4.8 miles south of Batesville was transferred to FM 117. The section from Dilley to Divot was still under construction, but changed to FM 471 on July 9, 1945.

Junction list

References 

055
Transportation in Uvalde County, Texas
Transportation in Real County, Texas
Transportation in Edwards County, Texas
Drag Racer (song)

"Drag Racer" is a 1976 rock instrumental song by the Doug Wood Band.

It was written and performed by Doug Wood who played all the instruments and recorded himself on a multi-track tape recorder. The song was later picked as the theme song for the BBC's snooker coverage.

It was released as part of the "BBC Snooker Themes" EP, released on BBC Records in 1984 (RESL 144), and is credited to The Douglas Wood Group. This version, however, differs slightly from the original 1976 recording, as sounds of snooker balls have been added to the start of the track. For this reason, the copyright date is shown on the record as 1982.

The original track, without those modifications, can be found as track 6 of the CD  "The Great Sporting Experience", published by EMI in 1998 (CD GOAL 1). This is credited to Doug Wood Group, licensed from Studio G.

BBC Sport no longer uses this particular track as the main theme of snooker coverage. Instead, it has been heavily updated and remixed a number of times. The 2003 version was entitled "147 Lockdown" by Sheldon Southworth presumably in reference to British speed garage act 187 Lockdown. The version currently airing is by Timo Baker of T Minus 50.

Since the coverage of the 2008 888.com World Snooker Championship, the BBC began to use the original version of Drag Racer again, during session breaks on their Interactive service. It is played over a caption of forthcoming matches. Although the entire track was used initially, tournaments after this date feature the track shortened, and edited into a continuous loop.

Critical reception 
Sports journalists have mentioned the track as the "best sports theme tune ever" and as having the "most evocative guitar riff of all time".

References 

1976 songs
Sports television theme songs
Isaac Adarbi

Isaac Adarbi (1510? – 1584?) (also Adribi, Hebrew: יצחק בן שמואל אדרבי), was a casuist and preacher of the Shalom Congregation of Salonica during the 16th century. He was the pupil of Joseph Taitazak and the schoolmate of Samuel de Medina.

Works
Adarbi wrote: 
 Divrei Rivot (Polemics), consisting of four hundred and thirty responsa, which are interspersed with keen discussions on halakic problems occurring in the Talmud and its commentaries (Salonica, 1581; Venice, 1587; Sudilkov, 1833)
 Divrei Shalom (Words of Peace), containing thirty sermons preached on various occasions, as well as homiletic commentaries on the weekly lessons of the Pentateuch (Salonica, 1585). In these sermons he often reproduces observations made by his teacher Taitazak. A second edition was published by Eliezer ben Shabbethai, who added an index of the Biblical passages dealt with and some notes (Venice, 1586; ibid. 1587).

References
David Conforte, Ḳore ha-Dorot, ed. Cassel, p. 38 (see index);
Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1083;
Isaac Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, p. 106.

16th-century rabbis from the Ottoman Empire
Rabbis from Thessaloniki
1510s births
1580s deaths
ISO 3166-2:BB

ISO 3166-2:BB is the entry for Barbados in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Barbados, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 11 parishes.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Barbados. The second part is two digits (01–11).

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

See also
 Subdivisions of Barbados
 FIPS region codes of Barbados
 Vehicle registration plates of Barbados

External links
 ISO Online Browsing Platform: BB
 Parishes of Barbados, Statoids.com

2:BB
ISO 3166-2
Barbados geography-related lists
ISO 3166-2:KI

ISO 3166-2:KI is the entry for Kiribati in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Kiribati, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 3 groups of islands (20 inhabited islands). The groups of islands are geographical subdivisions, as the country has no official administrative subdivisions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Kiribati. The second part is a letter.

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

Changes
The following changes to the entry are listed on ISO's online catalogue, the Online Browsing Platform:

See also
 Subdivisions of Kiribati
 FIPS region codes of Kiribati

External links
 ISO Online Browsing Platform: KI
 Island Groups of Kiribati, Statoids.com

2:KI
ISO 3166-2
Kiribati geography-related lists
Pré-en-Pail

Pré-en-Pail () is a former commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Pré-en-Pail-Saint-Samson.

See also 

 Communes of Mayenne
 Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine

References 

Preenpail
Maine (province)
MaMF

MaMF, or Mammalian Motif Finder, is an algorithm for identifying motifs to which transcription factors bind.

The algorithm takes as input a set of promoter sequences, and a motif width(w), and as output, produces a ranked list of 30 predicted motifs(each motif is defined by a set of N sequences, where N is a parameter).

The algorithm firstly indexes each sub-sequence of length n, where n is a parameter around 4-6 base pairs, in each promoter, so they can be looked up efficiently. This index is then used to build a list of all pairs of sequences of length w, such that each sequence shares an n-mer, and each sequence forms an ungapped alignment with a substring of length w from the string of length 2w around the match, with a score exceeding a cut-off.

The pairs of sequences are then scored. The scoring function favours pairs which are very similar, but disfavours sequences which are very common in the target genome. The 1000 highest scoring pairs are kept, and the others are discarded. Each of these 1000 'seed' motifs are then used to search iteratively search for further sequences of length which maximise the score(a greedy algorithm), until N sequences for that motif are reached.

Very similar motifs are discarded, and the 30 highest scoring motifs are returned as output.

References 

Search algorithms
Bioinformatics
Serquigny

Serquigny () is a commune of the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

It lies on the rail line from Cherbourg to Paris. In the village there is a privately owned manor house called Chateau de Maubuisson.

Population

Démographie

See also
Communes of the Eure department

References

Communes of Eure
Malaunay

Malaunay () is a commune of the Rouen Metropolis in the Seine-Maritime department in Normandy, Northwestern France.

Geography
Malaunay is a town lying along the banks of the River Cailly, some  north of Rouen, at the junction of the D51, D155 and the D927 roads. Agriculture, farming and light industry are the mainstay of the local economy.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Nicolas, dating from the nineteenth century.
 An old manorhouse.

Twin towns
 Sandy, United Kingdom
 Amer, Spain

See also
Communes of the Seine-Maritime department

References

External links

Official website of Malaunay 

Communes of Seine-Maritime
Aravaca

Aravaca is a ward (Barrio) of the city of Madrid, in Moncloa-Aravaca district. It is  from the city centre, on the other side of Casa de Campo park. The population of the barrio is 29,547 (January 2006), divided into three areas: Aravaca (23,145), Valdemarín (4,000) and El Plantío (2,469)

History
During the Spanish Civil War, Aravaca was on the front line for three years in the Siege of Madrid (1936-39). One may still find military bunkers used by Franco's attacking troops in the parks and woods. The old town was completely devastated and was rebuilt in the forties. Dating from this years are the parish church and some houses in Baja de la Iglesia street, all designed in the old Castilian style. The church is erected in the place of an old castle which dominated the fertile valley of the small Arroyo Pozuelo stream.

Until 1951, Aravaca was an independent city within Madrid province with its own town hall and mayor. During the long Spanish postwar period (1940-1959), millions of Spaniards left their homes in the poor provinces to migrate to industrial areas such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and the Basque Country. Aravaca grew quickly between 1950 and 1980 and became a middle-class residential suburb.

From 1990, thanks to new urban plans, the population of Aravaca has doubled and the streets are now connected with the neighbouring town of Pozuelo de Alarcón. The population today is about 30,000 people, mainly commuters who work in Madrid and in the metropolitan area. The public transport network is efficient with buses every 10 minutes to the centre, a railway station and a Metro line.

Wards of Madrid
Moncloa-Aravaca
Oissel

Oissel () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

Geography
A suburban and light industrial town situated by the banks of the river Seine, just  south of Rouen at the junction of the D18 and the D13 roads. Junction 22 of the A13 autoroute is entirely within the commune's borders. SNCF operates a TER rail service here.

History
The area around Oissel were a common place for Viking raiders because of its location on the Seine river, during their raids on Francia. Eventually, the Vikings setteled on one of the islands near Oissel and made it into a base, calling the island "Thorhólmr" meaning "Thor's Island".

During the battle of France, 9 June 1940, the French blew up several bridges and crossings over the Seine river around Oissel to halt the German advance, including Viaduc de Oissel and Pont de Tourville-la-Rivière.

Heraldry

Population

People
 Daniel Horlaville, footballer born in 1945.
 Raoul Grimoin-Sanson (1860–1941), cinematographic inventor.
 Grégory Tafforeau, footballer born in 1976.
 Thierry Foucaud, 1954-, Politician.

Places of interest
 The church of St.Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The sixteenth century manorhouse, the Manoir de La Chapelle.
 The Dambray Pavillon, from the seventeenth century.
 The Château de La Perreuse.

See also
Communes of the Seine-Maritime department

References

External links

Oissel official website 
Pictures of Oissel, the photoblog of an osselien.

Communes of Seine-Maritime