alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Medial plantar nerve

The medial plantar nerve (internal plantar nerve) is the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar nerve), which accompanies the medial plantar artery.

From its origin under the laciniate ligament it passes under cover of the abductor hallucis muscle, and, appearing between this muscle and the flexor digitorum brevis, gives off a proper digital plantar nerve and finally divides opposite the bases of the metatarsal bones into three common digital plantar nerves.

Branches
The branches of the medial plantar nerve are: (1) cutaneous, (2) muscular, (3) articular, (4) a proper digital nerve to the medial side of the great toe, and (5) three common digital nerves.

Cutaneous branches
The cutaneous branches pierce the plantar aponeurosis between the abductor hallucis and the flexor digitorum brevis and are distributed to the skin of the sole of the foot.

Muscular branches
The muscular branches supply muscles on the medial side of the sole, including the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis, and the first lumbrical; those for the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis arise from the trunk of the nerve near its origin and enter the deep surfaces of the muscles; the branch of the flexor hallucis brevis springs from the proper digital nerve to the medial side of the great toe, and that for the first lumbrical is from the first common digital nerve.

Articular branches
The articular branches supply the articulations of the tarsus and metatarsus.

Proper digital nerve of the great toe
The proper digital nerve of the great toe (nn. digitales plantares proprii; plantar digital branches) supplies the flexor hallucis brevis and the skin on the medial side of the great toe.

Three common digital nerves
The three common digital nerves (nn. digitales plantares communes) pass between the divisions of the plantar aponeurosis, and each splits into two proper digital nerves—those of the first common digital nerve supply the adjacent sides of the great and second toes; those of the second, the adjacent sides of the second and third toes; and those of the third, the adjacent sides of the third and fourth toes.

The third common digital nerve receives a communicating branch from the lateral plantar nerve; the first gives a twig to the first lumbricals.

Each proper digital nerve gives off cutaneous and articular filaments; and opposite the last phalanx sends upward a dorsal branch, which supplies the structures around the nail, the continuation of the nerve being distributed to the ball of the toe.

It will be observed that these digital nerves are similar in their distribution to those of the median nerve in the hand.

Additional images

References 

Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso
Kristin Hille Valla

Kristin Hille Valla (born 31 December 1944 in Årdal) is a Norwegian politician in the Centre Party.

Biography 
From 1989 to 1990, while the cabinet Syse held office, Hille Valla was appointed Minister of the Environment.

On the local level she was a member of Nes municipal council from 1983 to 1987. From 1987 to 1991 she was a member of Buskerud county council. In 2001 she was appointed County Governor of Oppland.

From 1987 to 1991 she was the second vice leader of her party.

Outside politics she mainly worked as a teacher in Dovre and Nesbyen. From 1991 to 1998 she was the school director in Oppland county, and from 1998 to 2000 she was the director of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities.

References

1944 births
Living people
Ministers of Climate and the Environment of Norway
Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Buskerud politicians
County governors of Norway
Women government ministers of Norway
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
People from Årdal
Nieuwland

Nieuwland is the name of several Dutch villages:

 Nieuwland, Amersfoort, a neighbourhood of Amersfoort, in Utrecht
 Nieuwland, Brielle, a neighbourhood of Brielle, in South Holland
 Nieuwland, Schiedam, a neighbourhood of Schiedam, in South Holland
 Nieuwland, Vijfheerenlanden in Utrecht
 Nieuwland, Zeeland in the province of Zeeland, now part of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland
 Former name of Vierpolders, in South Holland.

See also
Nieuwland (surname)
Inger Louise Valle

Inger Louise Valle (28 November 1921 – 21 May 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, particularly noted for her efforts to reform the Norwegian penal system. She is the mother of professor Jan Grund.

Biography
She represented Akershus in the Norwegian Parliament in the period between 1977 and 1981. She also served as Minister of Administration and Consumer Affairs 1971-1972 and Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs in 1972, Minister of Justice and the Police 1973-1976 and 1976–1979, and Minister of Local Government Affairs 1979–1980. Valle also served in the local government of Bærum, and was Norway's first Consumer Ombudsman.

Born into a privileged family and educated as an attorney, Valle was one of the first ministers of justice whose main career had been in politics. Her views on the Norwegian penal system were grounded in humanistic principles founded in criminology, and several of her proposals for reform met with controversy. In particular the so-called "Criminal report" in 1978 (Stortingsmelding 104, 1977-1978) caused considerable controversy. The report asserted that the deterrent effect of stiff penalties was a myth, and that policy toward criminals should be based in broader considerations than penology. It didn't help matters much that she enlisted Arne Haugestad, who had already gained notoriety in the campaign against Norwegian membership in the European Community, as the director of Norway's penal system. Among other things, he recommended eliminating prison sentences as punishment for crimes for financial gain.

The controversy gained steam in the fall of 1978, when professor of law Johs Andenæs critiqued the report in a meeting arranged by the Conservative Party, claiming that the principles were coddling criminals and threatening law and order. The year after in April 1979, Valle pressured prime minister Nordli to push through Stortinget, against all advice and recommendations the total abolition of the death penalty in Norway. Valle quickly found herself isolated, even now within her own party. Much of the blame for the Labour Party's relatively poor showing in the 1979 elections were put at her feet.

Even among her detractors, she is noted for her moral courage and commitment to humanistic values. Although many of her proposed reforms never were implemented, some were, notably raising  the age of criminal accountability and including community service in the penal system.

Valle headed the Norwegian executive committee for UN's International Women's Year in 1975.

References

Government ministers of Norway
Ministers of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion of Norway
Ministers of Local Government and Modernisation of Norway
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Bærum politicians
Norwegian criminologists
Norwegian jurists
Women jurists
Ombudsmen in Norway
Directors of government agencies of Norway
1921 births
2006 deaths
Women members of the Storting
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Women government ministers of Norway
Norwegian women criminologists
Female justice ministers
Ministers of Justice of Norway
Scharbeutz

Scharbeutz (, Polabian Scorbuze) is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the Bay of Lübeck (Baltic Sea), approx. 20 km north of Lübeck, and 15 km southeast of Eutin.

See also
Taschensee

References

External links 

Seaside resorts in Germany
Ostholstein
Bay of Lübeck
Populated coastal places in Germany (Baltic Sea)
Lateral plantar nerve

The lateral plantar nerve (external plantar nerve) is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand.

It passes obliquely forward with the lateral plantar artery to the lateral side of the foot, lying between the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae and, in the interval between the flexor muscle and the abductor digiti minimi, divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Before its division, it supplies the quadratus plantae and abductor digiti minimi. It divides into deep and superficial branches.

Additional images

References

External links

Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso
Jens Olsen's World Clock

Jens Olsen's World Clock or Verdensur is an advanced astronomical clock which is displayed in Copenhagen City Hall.

The clock was designed and calculated by Jens Olsen (1872–1945), who was a skilled locksmith, and later learned the trade of clockmaking. He also took part in the beginning of the clock's construction, and died in 1945, 10 years before the clock was completed.

The clock consists of 12 movements which together have 15,448 parts. The clock is mechanical and must be wound once a week. Displays include lunar and solar eclipses, positions of the stellar bodies, and a perpetual calendar, in addition to the time. The fastest gear completes a revolution every ten seconds and the slowest every 25,753 years.

The calculations for the clock were made up until 1928, after which they were supervised by the astronomer Elis Strömgren. The drawings for the clock were made between 1934 and 1936, and the actual production of the clock took place from 1943 until 1955. The clock was started on 15 December 1955 by King Frederick IX and Jens Olsen's youngest grandchild Birgit.

See also
 Clock of the Long Now
 Rasmus Sørnes

Further reading
 Otto Mortensen Jens Olsen's Clock: A Technical Description Technological Institute, Copenhagen, 1957.

References

External links 
 The Story of the Astronomical Clock
 Description of Jens Olsen's World Clock Archive.org (Danish)

Astronomical clocks
Time in astronomy
Clocks in Denmark
Tourist attractions in Copenhagen
Buildings and structures completed in 1955
Individual clocks
1955 establishments in Denmark
Kolbjørn Varmann

Kolbjørn Sigurd Werner Varmann (23 December 1904 – 13 August 1980) was a Norwegian priest and politician for the Labour Party. He is known as Minister of Transport and Communications from 1955 to 1960, and also as County Governor of Finnmark.

Early life and career
He was born in Eid as a son of as a son of Anders Kornelius Karlsen (1871–1940) and Astrid Langeland (1879–1932). He enrolled as a student in 1924, and graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1929. He worked as a school teacher in Nordfjordeid from 1930 to 1931 before becoming curate in the Diocese of Hålogaland in 1931. While holding this position, he founded the upper secondary school in Tysfjord. From 1935 he chaired the school board in the municipality, and in 1936 he became vicar in Tysfjord. During World War II he was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement, organizing illegal emigration to Sweden. He was arrested by the Nazi German authorities, but survived and was decorated with the Defence Medal 1940–1945.

National politics
After the war he returned to Tysfjord as a vicar. He was also the dean of Nordre Salten, but left both positions in 1963. He was also a lieutenant in the Home Guard from 1946 to 1958. He became involved in politics, serving as mayor of Tysfjord from 1945 to 1955, and was a member of Nordland county council during the same period. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland in 1950, and was re-elected on three occasions, the last term ending in 1965. From January 1955 to April 1960 he was the Minister of Transport and Communications in Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. During this time his seat in parliament was taken by Margith Johanne Munkebye and Rolf Hellem. His career ended with the post of County Governor of Finnmark, which he held from 1965 to 1974. He was appointed in 1963, but since he was a parliament member, Anders Aune served as Acting County Governor.

He was also a deputy board member of the Office of the Auditor General of Norway, a board member of Utbyggingsfondet for Nord-Norge. He was awarded the HM The King's Medal of Merit in gold in 1980, but never physically received the medal as he died in August 1980.

References

1904 births
1980 deaths
People from Eid, Norway
Norwegian priest-politicians
Norwegian resistance members
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Mayors of places in Nordland
Members of the Storting
Government ministers of Norway
County governors of Norway
Ministers of Transport and Communications of Norway
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Recipients of the King's Medal of Merit in gold
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) was established as a project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in 1983. The Organisation has three Component laboratories with over 45 ongoing research projects in Infectious and Non-communicable diseases, Medical, Industrial and Plant Biology Biotechnology in: Trieste, Italy, New Delhi, India and Cape Town, South Africa.

On February 3, 1994, under the direction of Arturo Falaschi the ICGEB became an autonomous International Organisation and now has over 65 Member States across world regions.

Its main pillars of action comprise: Research, Advanced Education through PhD and Postdoctoral Fellowships, International Scientific Meetings and Courses, competitive Grants for scientists in Member States and Technology Transfer to industry.

References

External links
ICGEB official Website

Genetic engineering
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
Organizations established in 1994
Scientific organisations based in Italy
Trieste
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Italy and the United Nations
India and the United Nations
South Africa and the United Nations
Stockelsdorf

Stockelsdorf is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated directly northwest of Lübeck and forms an agglomeration with the easterly town of Bad Schwartau.
The municipality contains the villages of Arfrade, Curau, Dissau, Eckhorst, Horsdorf, Klein Parin, Krumbeck, Malkendorf, Obernwohlde and Pohnsdorf.

By measure of population Stockelsdorf is the second largest municipality without town status in Schleswig-Holstein.

Partner towns
 Le Portel, Department Pas-de-Calais
 Okonek, Greater Poland Voivodeship

References

Ostholstein
Engineering & Technology

Engineering & Technology (E+T) is a science, engineering and technology magazine published by Redactive on behalf of IET Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), a registered charity in the United Kingdom. The magazine is issued 6 times per year in print and online. The E+T website is also updated regularly with news stories. E+T is distributed to the 154,000 plus membership of the IET around the world.

The magazine was launched in April 2008 as a result of the merger between the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the Institution of Incorporated Engineers on 31 March 2006. Prior to the merger, both organisations had their own membership magazine, the IEE's monthly IEE Review and the IIE's Engineering Technology. Engineering & Technology is an amalgamation of the two, and was initially published monthly. Alongside this, members also received one of seven other monthly magazines published by the IET relating to a field of the subject of their choice, with the option to purchase any of the other titles. In January 2008, the IET merged these seven titles into E+T to make a nearly fortnightly magazine with a larger pagination, providing all members with one magazine covering all topics.  In January 2011 the frequency was reduced to 12 times per year and to 11 times per year in 2015 and 10 times per year in 2017.

E+T journalists have been shortlisted and won multiple magazine industry awards, including those presented by the British Society of Magazine Editors, Trade And Business Publications International and the Professional Publishers Association.

References

External links
 Official website

Professional and trade magazines
Engineering magazines
Science and technology magazines published in the United Kingdom
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 2008
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Tove Veierød

Tove Liv Besstun Veierød (born 19 September 1940) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was the state secretary to the Minister of Culture and Science 1986–1988, and Minister of Social Affairs 1990–1992.

References

1940 births
Living people
Government ministers of Norway
Süsel

Süsel is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 23 km north of Lübeck, and 10 km southeast of Eutin. The small lakes Barkauer See and Woltersteich are located here.

References

Ostholstein
Ojitos de Santa Lucía

Ojitos de Santa Lucía is a town located in the northwestern region of the Mexican state of Zacatecas. According to the 2000 census it had a population of 1,800 inhabitants.

History 
Ojitos de Santa Lucía was built by the indigenous Zacatecs of the area to keep the town of Juan Aldama, founded mostly by Tlaxcalan people who migrated from the south, from expanding furthermore into their territory.

Origin of the name 
"Ojitos de Santa Lucía" literally translates from Spanish to "Eyes of Saint Lucy", but the word "Ojitos" can also mean little eyes or beautiful eyes. Although today it is believed that the name came from the patron of the town, Santa Lucía, the town was originally named after two central lakes located in downtown Ojitos. Later the natural springs stopped refilling with fresh water and are no longer in the town. The word comes from the use of "Ojo de Agua", meaning lake or body of water. The predominant Catholics renamed the town and added the "de Santa Lucía" at the end to honor their patron.

Geography 
The town is located in the Municipality of Juan Aldama in the state of Zacatecas. It is the biggest town in this municipality after Juan Aldama. It is bordered by the towns of Jalpa, Juan Aldama, and Las Norias in the state of Zacatecas and by Reyes in the state of Durango. The town itself is surrounded by three hills: El Cerro Caido, El Cerro Gordo, and El Cerro de la Peña. Its altitude above sea water is 1,990 meters while its longitude is 103.343333 and the latitude is 24.306389.

Economy 
The preponderant activity is the agriculture and livestock industry, followed by commerce.

References

External links 
Ojitos de Santa Lucía

Populated places in Zacatecas
Morley Town Hall

Morley Town Hall is a municipal facility in Morley, West Yorkshire, England. The town hall, which is the meeting place of Morley Town Council, is a Grade I listed building.

History
Previously the local board of health in Morley had met in a room in a building in Queen Street. After the town secured borough status in 1885, the first Mayor of Morley, Joseph Schofield, ran a design competition for a new town hall: there were 73 entries submitted. The competition was won by Henry Holtom and George Arthur Fox from Dewsbury with a Neoclassical style design. The foundation stone was laid by Tom Clough, the then Mayor of Morley, on 8 October 1892. The building cost over £41,000 to build and featured a colonnade with a Roman frieze on the pediment and a domed clock tower which is 160 feet high. A Cambridge-chiming clock, known as the "Sam Rhodes Clock" (named after Councillor Sam Rhodes, the chairman of the Town Hall Committee) was installed in the tower in April 1895; it had been manufactured by Potts & Sons of Leeds, and the accompanying five bells were by John Warner & Sons. The building was officially opened by H. H. Asquith MP (who had been born in Morley) on 16 October 1895.

Ellen Mary Rope painted three tall bas-reliefs ("Faith", "Hope" and "Charity"), high up above the dais in the Alexandra Hall in autumn 1895.

Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, visited the building and had coffee with the civic leaders on 28 October 1954.

On the morning of 18 August 1961, a fire broke out in the nearby Albert Mills which, before demolition, were used for storing paper. As the mill burned, sparks and burning paper were blown against the dome of the town hall and set alight its timber construction. Within two hours the dome was destroyed and the clock put out of action. Restoration was completed on 14 December 1962. The town hall was the headquarters of the Municipal Borough of Morley but it ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Leeds City Council was formed in 1974. Instead it became the meeting place of Morley Town Council.

The town hall has been the venue for various concerts and films: the Grimethorpe Colliery Band recorded one of their "Brass From The Masters" albums in the town hall in 1999 and the ITV show Emmerdale used the town hall for both interior and exterior shots in spring 2007.

See also
Grade I listed buildings in West Yorkshire
Listed buildings in Morley, West Yorkshire

References

External links

 Morley Archives

1895 establishments in England
Grade I listed buildings in Leeds
Government buildings completed in 1895
Buildings and structures in Leeds
Grade I listed government buildings
City and town halls in West Yorkshire
Morley, West Yorkshire
Neoclassical architecture in Leeds
H. H. Asquith
Timmendorfer Strand

Timmendorfer Strand (Timmendorf Beach) is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the Bay of Lübeck (Baltic Sea), approximately  northwest of Lübeck, and  southeast of Eutin.

Notable People 
 Lilo Peters (1913-2001), German painter and sculptor, lived in Timmendorfer Strand.

References

External links

Seaside resorts in Germany
Ostholstein
Populated coastal places in Germany (Baltic Sea)
Anders Venger

Anders Venger (5 January 1872 – 23 February 1935) was a Norwegian politician of the Conservative Party. He served Minister of Agriculture from 1923 to 1924, Minister of Labour from March to July 1926 and acting Minister of Education and Church Affairs from November to December 1923 following the death of Ivar Bergersen Sælen. He also served as deputy leader of the Conservative Party from 1920 to 1925.

Early life
Anders Venger grew up at Venjerbakken, one of Eidsvoll's oldest properties at the time. The farm was located on the west side of Vorma, close to Eidsvoll Verk and the industrial area Bøn. Venger was the son of Marte Olava Aas (1848–1907) and Johan A. Venger (1846–1921). His father, who had bought Venjerbakken in 1873, was also active in municipal politics in Eidsvoll.

Politics
Venger was elected mayor of Eidsvoll in 1912 and assumed the position in 1913. He held this post for 21 years until 1934, though he was on leave while he served as government minister. 
He entered the Storting in 1919, elected as a representative from the constituency of Øvre Romerike. He was re-elected until 1927, when he choose not to run for re-election due to the impeachment proceedings against former prime minister Abraham Berge. During that same time frame, he also resigned as Minister of Labour in 1926. 
Venger had also served as Minister of Agriculture and Otto Bahr Halvorsen's second cabinet and continued in the same post after Abraham Berge took over after Bahr Halvorsen's death in May 1923. As agriculture minister, he was able to pass farmer friendly bill regarding corn arrangements. 
For many years, Venger was an active member of the Conservative central executive committee, and he also served five years as the party's deputy leader. He was considered to be a part of the party's agrarian wing, whom, during the 1920s, were in conflict with city liberals, where they disagreed on the party's agricultural policy.

References

1872 births
1935 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Ministers of Agriculture and Food of Norway
KJLR-LP (Arkansas)

KJLR-LP (UHF channel 28) was a low-power TV station based in Little Rock, Arkansas, broadcasting programming from AMGTV.  It was once an affiliate of Urban America Television prior to that network suspending its operations indefinitely. The station was the only one operating in Little Rock that was unavailable on local cable systems.  As a low-power station, its broadcast area was also mostly limited in comparison to other stations in the city, with viewership not far beyond Pulaski County.

The station's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on June 6, 2013, due to KJLR-LP being silent since January 30, 2012.

External links

JLR-LP
Television channels and stations established in 1990
Defunct television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
1990 establishments in Arkansas
2013 disestablishments in Arkansas
JLR-LP
Kaori Nazuka

is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer.  She played Nunnally Lamperouge in Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion, the eponymous character in Eureka Seven and Cosette in Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette. She announced her marriage in February 2011 and had a daughter on January 1, 2012. On December 4, 2021, she announced she gave birth to her second daughter.

Filmography

Television

Film

Live-action films

Drama CD

Video games

Dubbing
 Burying the Ex, Evelyn (Ashley Greene)
 Dragon Tiger Gate, Ma Xiaoling (Dong Jie)
 Paranormal Activity 2, Ali Rey (Molly Ephraim)
 X Company, Aurora Luft (Evelyne Brochu)

References

 Nakagami, Yoshikatsu et al. "Voice Actress Spotlight". (March 2007) Newtype USA. pp. 112–113.

External links
  
 
 

1985 births
Living people
Japanese child actresses
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese musical theatre actresses
Japanese stage actresses
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Voice actresses from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
2006 Pulitzer Prize

The 2006 Pulitzer Prizes were announced on April 17, 2006.

The board announced in December 2005, that they will consider more online material in all 14 journalism categories.

For the first time since 1997, the Pulitzer board declined to award a Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Journalism

Letters and Drama

Special Citations
 Edmund S. Morgan, a Special Citation to Edmund S. Morgan for a creative and deeply influential body of work as an American historian that spans the last half century.
 Thelonious Monk, a posthumous Special Citation to American composer Thelonious Monk for a body of distinguished and innovative musical composition that has had a significant and enduring impact on the evolution of jazz.

References

External links
 
 "2006 Pulitzer Prizes for Journalism". The New York Times.
 "Pulitzer Prizes for Letters and Music". The New York Times.

Pulitzer Prizes by year
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize, 2006
Vesla Vetlesen

Gunvor "Vesla" Vetlesen (née Hansen, born 19 October 1930) is a Norwegian weaver, trade unionist, writer and politician for the Labour Party. She was Minister of International Development from 1986 to 1988.

Biography
She was born in Farsund as a daughter of Peder Håkon Jarl Hansen (1890–1986) and Sigrid Berger (1898–1994). The family moved to Stavanger in 1937. For a period during the German Occupation of Norway the family's home at Storhaug was the location for production of the illegal newspapers Stritt folk and Frihet. Her father was later imprisoned and sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, while her brother Johan was sent to NN camps. Her brother Helge was the joint leader of a group of saboteurs in the Stavanger district during the war. She finished her secondary education in 1949 and studied textile design at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1950 to 1954. In 1951 she became the second wife of Leif Vetlesen (1921–2003). She was a communist during her early life, chairing the regional chapter of the Young Communist League of Norway in Rogaland from 1948 to 1949, when she was expelled from the Communist Party. After the Soviet invasion of Hungary she renounced Communism and joined the Norwegian Labour Party together with her husband.

Vetlesen worked as a weaver from 1951, and left Norway to teach weaving in Uganda in 1968, where her husband worked for the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. After some years in Uganda, they returned to Norway. Vesla Vetlesen was a journalist for the European Movement for one year before working in Arbeidernes Opplysningsforbund. She then worked as a secretary for humanitarian organizations; Save the Children from 1973 to 1975 and Norwegian People's Aid from 1975 to 1980, before working in the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1980 to 1986 and 1988 to 1994. From 1986 to 1988 she served as Norway's Minister of Development Cooperation in Brundtland's Second Cabinet. Her only elected political position was as borough council member in Vestli from 1973 to 1977.

Vetlesen was a board member of the United Nations Association of Norway from 1982 to 1984, and chaired the European Movement in Oslo from 2000 to 2001. She wrote several books. She was also interested in flowers in her later life, chairing the Norwegian Orchid Society from 1989 to 1998.

References

1930 births
Living people
People from Farsund
Oslo National Academy of the Arts alumni
Communist Party of Norway politicians
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian trade unionists
Ministers of International Development of Norway
Norwegian non-fiction writers
Norwegian women non-fiction writers 
Women government ministers of Norway
2-sided

In mathematics, specifically in topology of manifolds, a compact codimension-one submanifold  of a manifold  is said to be 2-sided in  when there is an embedding 
 
with  for each  and 
.
In other words, if its normal bundle is trivial.

This means, for example that a curve in a surface is 2-sided if it has a tubular neighborhood which is a cartesian product of the curve times an interval.

A submanifold which is not 2-sided is called 1-sided.

Examples

Surfaces 
For curves on surfaces, a curve is 2-sided if and only if it preserves orientation, and 1-sided if and only if it reverses orientation: a tubular neighborhood is then a Möbius strip. This can be determined from the class of the curve in the fundamental group of the surface and the orientation character on the fundamental group, which identifies which curves reverse orientation.
 An embedded circle in the plane is 2-sided.
 An embedded circle generating the fundamental group of the real projective plane (such as an "equator" of the projective plane – the image of an equator for the sphere) is 1-sided, as it is orientation-reversing.

Properties
Cutting along a 2-sided manifold can separate a manifold into two pieces – such as cutting along the equator of a sphere or around the sphere on which a connected sum has been done – but need not, such as cutting along a curve on the torus.

Cutting along a (connected) 1-sided manifold does not separate a manifold, as a point that is locally on one side of the manifold can be connected to a point that is locally on the other side (i.e., just across the submanifold) by passing along an orientation-reversing path.

Cutting along a 1-sided manifold may make a non-orientable manifold orientable – such as cutting along an equator of the real projective plane – but may not, such as cutting along a 1-sided curve in a higher genus non-orientable surface,
maybe the simplest example of this is seen when one cut a mobius band along its core curve.

References

Geometric topology
1997–98 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

The 1997–98 season of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup club football tournament was won by Chelsea in the final against Stuttgart.

Teams

Qualifying round

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Notes
Note 1: Ararat Yerevan were awarded a 3–0 win in the qualifying round first leg after Dinamo Batumi were found guilty of fielding an ineligible player — Sotogashvili. The match originally ended as a 4–2 win for Dinamo Batumi.

First leg

Second leg

APOEL won 7–1 on aggregate.

ÍBV won 4–0 on aggregate.

Legia Warsaw won 5–1 on aggregate.

Național București won 12–2 on aggregate.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva won 2–1 on aggregate.

Shakhtar Donetsk won 4–1 on aggregate.

Dinaburg won 2–0 on aggregate.

Kilmarnock won 3–2 on aggregate.

Red Star Belgrade won 3–1 on aggregate.

Zagreb won 4–1 on aggregate.

BVSC won 5–1 on aggregate.

Belshina Bobruisk won 5–2 on aggregate.

Primorje won 3–0 on aggregate.

Slovan Bratislava won 3–2 on aggregate.

Ararat Yerevan won 3–2 on aggregate.

First round

|}

First leg

Second leg

Kocaelispor won 3–0 on aggregate.

Sturm Graz won 4–0 on aggregate.

Stuttgart won 5–2 on aggregate.

Shakhtar Donetsk won 4–3 on aggregate.

Germinal Ekeren won 4–3 on aggregate.

Primorje won 2–1 on aggregate.

AEK Athens won 9–2 on aggregate.

Slavia Prague won 6–2 on aggregate.

Roda won 14–1 on aggregate.

Tromsø won 6–5 on aggregate.

Copenhagen won 5–0 on aggregate.

Lokomotiv Moscow won 5–1 on aggregate.

Chelsea won 4–0 on aggregate.

Nice won 4–2 on aggregate.

Real Betis won 4–0 on aggregate.

Vicenza won 3–1 on aggregate.

Second round

|}

First leg

Second leg

Chelsea won 9–4 on aggregate.

Stuttgart won 6–4 on aggregate.

Lokomotiv Moscow won 2–1 on aggregate.

Vicenza won 5–2 on aggregate.

Real Betis won 3–1 on aggregate.

AEK Athens won 2–1 on aggregate. 

3–3 on aggregate. Slavia Prague won on away goals.

Roda won 6–0 on aggregate.

Quarter-finals

|}

First leg

Second leg

Vicenza won 9–1 on aggregate.

Stuttgart won 3–1 on aggregate.

Lokomotiv Moscow won 2–1 on aggregate.

Chelsea won 5–2 on aggregate.

Semi-finals

|}

First leg

Second leg

Chelsea won 3–2 on aggregate.

Stuttgart won 3–1 on aggregate.

Final

Top goalscorers
The top goalscorers from the 1997–98 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup are as follows:

See also
1997–98 UEFA Champions League
1997–98 UEFA Cup
1997 UEFA Intertoto Cup

References

External links 
 1997-98 competition at UEFA website
 results at Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
  Cup Winners Cup Seasons 1997-98 – results, protocols
 Archive of old pages site UEFA Season 1997–98, written protocol games.

3
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup seasons
Anne Petrea Vik

Anne Petrea Vik (born 8 January 1933) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

From 1989 to 1990, while the cabinet Syse held office, Vik was appointed Minister of Agriculture.

On the local level she was a member of Kvæfjord municipal council from 1975 to 1975, and later served as deputy mayor from 1995 to 1999. From 1979 to 1987 she was a member of Troms county council.

From 1979 to 1984 she chaired the Centre Party Women's Association, during the same period she was a member of the Centre Party central party board. She was a member of the board of the Norwegian Agrarian Association from 1979 to 1984 and of Harstad University College from 1994 to 1997. She has also been involved in the Royal Norwegian Society for Development.

Outside politics she worked in Televerket from 1951 to 1955 and as a farmer from 1955 to 2001.

References

1933 births
Living people
People from Harstad
Ministers of Agriculture and Food of Norway
Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Troms politicians
Women government ministers of Norway
Calinaga

Calinaga is the sole genus of the monotypic nymphalid butterfly subfamily Calinaginae. Its species occur in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The evolutionary history of Calinaga remains a mystery until today. Recent research indicated that the common ancestor of Calinaga first split in the Eocene in southern China. This was most likely due to a consequence of geological and environmental impacts of the collision of the Indian and Asian subcontinents.

Classification
Calinaga aborica Tytler, 1915 – Abor freak
Calinaga buddha Moore, 1857 – freak
Calinaga buphonas Oberthür, 1920
Calinaga cercyon de Nicéville
Calinaga davidis Oberthür
Calinaga funebris  Oberthür, 1919 
Calinaga funeralis Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000
Calinaga genestieri Oberthür, 1922
Calinaga gautama Moore, 1896 – Sikkim freak
Calinaga lhatso Oberthür, 1893
Calinaga sudassana Melville, 1893

References

Igarashi, S. & H. Fukuda (2000). The Life Histories of Asian Butterflies vol. 2. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.
Calinaginae at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

External links
Images representing Calinaga at Consortium for the Barcode of Life

 
Fauna of Pakistan
Butterflies of Asia
Taxa named by Frederic Moore
Nymphalidae genera
Queen Charlotte (1785 ship)

Queen Charlotte was a British merchant ship launched in 1785 at Stockton for Etches & Co. Between September 1785 and 1788 she made a circumnavigation of the world in company with another ship that the company owned, the King George. The two vessels were engaged in the Maritime Fur Trade in the Pacific northwest. They sold their furs in China and returned to England with cargoes that they were carrying back for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1789 she was renamed Montreal. She was at Bordeaux at the outbreak of war with France in 1793 and the French government seized her.

Voyage (1785–1788)
In 1785 Richard Cadman Etches and partners, including Nathaniel Portlock and George Dixon, formed a partnership, commonly called the King George's Sound Company, to develop the fur trade. Portlock and Dixon had served in the Pacific on James Cook's third voyage. In September 1785 Portlock, in King George, and Dixon, in the smaller Queen Charlotte, sailed from England. They sailed together for most of their three-year voyage. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reaching the Falkland Islands in January 1786, and transited Cape Horn to enter the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Hawaiian islands on 24 May and anchored in Kealakekua Bay (where Cook had been killed in 1779), but did not go ashore. They took on fresh food at other Hawaiian islands and proceeded on to what is now Alaska. Dixon reached the Haida Gwaii islands and named them the "Queen Charlotte Islands" after his ship. After two years of plying the waters, Portlock and Dixon departed North America, reaching Macao in November 1787.

While King George and Queen Charlotte were in China, the EIC chartered them to take cargoes back to England. Captain Dixon crossed the Second Bar on 7 February 1788, and on 14 March reached North Island, the northmost of three islands in the bay that formed the principle anchorage of Enggano Island. Queen Charlotte then reached St Helena on 18 June and arrived at The Downs on 18 September.

Unfortunately, there is no online copy of Lloyd's Register (LR) for 1788. She next appeared in Lloyd's Register for 1789 with the notation that new owners had changed her name to Montreal.

Fate
Montreal was at Bordeaux ion 1 February 1793 when France declared war on England. The French seized her and some other British vessel there.

Montreal was last listed in 1793.

See also
 List of historical ships in British Columbia

Citations

References
Clayton, Jane M. (2014) Ships employed in the South Sea Whale Fishery from Britain: 1775–1815: An alphabetical list of ships. (Berforts Group).

Further reading
 An account of the voyage of Queen Charlotte, in: 

Pre-Confederation British Columbia
Haida Gwaii
Sailing ships of the United Kingdom
Whaling ships
Ships of the British East India Company
Age of Sail merchant ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
The Showgirl Princess

The Showgirl Princess is a children's book written by Kylie Minogue. It was released on 21 September 2006 through Puffin Books. The book is aimed at girls aged six and upwards and is based on Minogue's life.

The hardcover book was illustrated by Swan Park. It features photos of Minogue taken by William Baker.

Jane Richardson, the book's editor, says that The Showgirl Princess will "appeal to little princesses everywhere who love to dress up and have fun. It brims with positive messages such as believing in yourself and the importance of friendship and teamwork."

Minogue stated that she wanted this book to have a positive attitude towards young people.

References
 Amazon.co.uk. link. Last accessed on April 17, 2006.
 DWSreview.com. link. Last accessed on April 17, 2006.
 MTV.tv. link. Last accessed April 17, 2006.
 Kylie-Unlimited.com. link Last accessed February 17, 2013

2006 children's books
Children's non-fiction books
Kylie Minogue
British picture books
British children's books
English non-fiction books
Puffin Books books
Brother Firetribe

Brother Firetribe is a Finnish hard rock band. They take their name from a direct English translation of the name of the former professional tennis player Veli Paloheimo. The name is a reference to an in-joke, where the perfect description for their music is 'tennis heavy metal'.

History 
The band was formed in 2002 in Kerava when vocalist Pekka Heino, keyboardist Tomi Nikulainen and bassist Jason Flinck met with guitarist Emppu Vuorinen.

Their first album False Metal was released by Spinefarm in 2006. The first album was later re-issued as Break Out.

In 2009 Brother Firetribe joined Pain on the "European Cynic Campaign 2009" tour. Pain also toured with Nightwish, and Emppu Vuorinen, one of Nightwish's founding members, was the guitarist for Brother Firetribe. The band appeared at Nottingham Trent University's Rockingham Festival 2017.

Founding guitarist Emppu Vuorinen stepped down from the band in February 2020, citing lack of time due to his commitments with Nightwish.
Latest album, Feel the Burn, was released in 2020, the first to feature new guitarist Roope Riihijärvi. Two tracks feature Vuorinen, who was still in the band when work on the album began.

Brother Firetribe has released five studio albums and one live DVD.

Members 
Pekka Ansio Heino – vocals (2002–present)
Jason Flinck – bass, backing vocals (2002–present)
Tomppa Nikulainen – keyboards (2002–present)
Hannes Pirilä – drums, percussion (2014–present)
Roope Riihijärvi – guitars (2020–present)

Former Members:
Kalle Torniainen – drums, percussion (2002–2014)
Emppu Vuorinen – guitars (2002–2020)

Discography

Albums

Singles and EPs

DVDs

References 

Other sources
Track Listing, Single And Release Date For "Heart Full Of Fire" Revealed 9 February 2008

External links 

Official website

Band profile on Spinefarm

Finnish hard rock musical groups
Finnish glam metal musical groups
Jakob Nilsson Vik

Jakob Nilsson Vik (March 12, 1882 – 1960) was a Norwegian farmer, dairy manager, and politician. He sat in the Parliament of Hordaland from 1928 to 1945, became the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs 1931–1933 in Kolstad and Hundseid, and was the Consultative Councillor of State from 1940 to 1941.

Vik was born in Kvam, and was educated at the Uprights Agricultural School in 1903 and the National Dairy School, located in Brandbu, in 1906. Besides working as a farmer in Kvam, he was the dairy manager for several years. He also was the chairman of the Hardanger Meieribolag and director of The Norwegian Milk Manufacturers Association.

In 1919, Vik was elected District Council in Kvam. During 1922-1931 he was the mayor, and in 1928, he was also elected to the Parliament. There he sat until 1945, first in Forestry and Water Resources Committee, then in Finance and Customs Committee, Social Committee, and the Military Committee.

Sources

1882 births
1960 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
People from Kvam
Hampton, Prince Edward Island

Hampton is a small Canadian rural community located in southwestern Queens County, Prince Edward Island.

Situated immediately east of Crapaud in the township of Lot 29, Hampton functions as a small highway service centre.

The area was named in 1865 by Mrs. James MacPhail, who came from New Brunswick, possibly Hampton in Kings County. The community had its own post office between 1875 and 1968. It was established as a civic address community in 2000.

Notable documented family histories include that of the Myers family and Ferguson family.

In 2002, Peter Bevan-Baker, who later became the Leader of the Official Opposition, settled in Hampton after moving from Scotland via Ontario.

“Ellen’s Diary, by an Island Farmer’s Wife” was a regular column written by Margaret MacQuarrie Dixon that was featured in The Guardian newspaper from 1945 to 1963. Margaret also later detailed her childhood on a farm in Hampton, PEI, and her first years as a school teacher in “Going Home” (Willams & Crue, Summerside PEI, 1979).

In 1907, a siting of “Hampton’s Phantom Ship” was reported by two residents of Charlottetown. This siting is embedded in a larger story of the Ghost Ship of Northumberland Strait.

Businesses 

 A Kennedy & Co. Ltd.
 Beachside Bed & Breakfast
 Blue Spruces Cottages
 Coastal Escape PEI
 Hampton Haven Cottages
 Hampton Irving Service Station
 Island Sun Cottages
 Island Sun Kennels
 McLure's Cottage By The Sea
 Summer Zephyr
 Redcliffe Beach House

Maps
 Map of Hampton [ Hampton is located between Victoria and Desable]

References

Communities in Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Reha Muhtar

Reha Muhtar (born 21 July 1959) is a Turkish anchorman, columnist and television reporter of Iraqi Turkmen descent.

He was first seen on TV as TRT's reporter from Turkey, Istanbul. Later he started hosting a debate program at show tv "Ateş Hattı"  channel. Later, on the private channel Show TV as an anchorman, he gained national fame. His chaotic, no-holds-barred news making, remarks and most importantly the bizarre questions he asked his guests made him a phenomenon in Turkey. He is also famous for his pumpkin argument with news audiences on Show TV.

He has hosted a talk show on Show TV with other Turkish celebrities Hülya Avşar, he is currently working as a columnist for a Turkish newspaper, Vatan.

Personal life 
In 1983, he married journalist Selin Çağlayan and their marriage lasted for five years.
In 2001, he started a relationship with Nilüfer. In 2003, the two announced their separation in a press release.  
Between 2006 and 2007 his relationship with Gülşen made his name appear frequently in the media.
In 2008, he started a relationship with Deniz Uğur which ended in 2010.  
Reha Muhtar has a daughter with Nilüfer, adopted daughter Ayşe Nazlı. He has twins with Deniz Uğur, Mina and Poyraz born in 2009.

References

1959 births
Television people from Istanbul
Turkish broadcast news analysts
TED Ankara College Foundation Schools alumni
Living people
Turkish television journalists
Turkish television talk show hosts
Turkish columnists
Milliyet people
Vatan people