alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Type 16 frigate

The Type 16 frigates were a class of British anti-submarine frigates of the Royal Navy. They were based on the hulls of World War II-era destroyers that had been rendered obsolete by rapid advances in technology. They were similar in concept to the Type 15 frigate, but were a far more limited design rendered necessary by budget constraints.

History
At the start of the Cold War, the Royal Navy was in urgent need of fast escort ships to counter the large number of s being built by the Soviet Union, which were faster than the Royal Navy's existing sloops and frigates. Britain had large numbers of War Emergency Programme destroyers, which while relatively new, were poorly equipped for modern fleet purposes, with poor anti-aircraft armament and fire control. It was therefore decided to convert the Emergency Programme destroyers to interim escorts to meet the Royal Navy's requirements until new-build ships (which eventually became the Type 12 and Type 14 frigates) could be designed and built. The initial design was the Type 15 frigate or Rapid class, which was a major rebuild of the ships, with an extended forecastle and new superstructure giving improved accommodation and complete replacement of the ships' armament and sensors. At one time, it was planned to convert 57 destroyers to the Type 15 standard, but the cost of such a large programme proved prohibitive, with only 23 ships becoming Type 15 frigates. Instead, a simpler and cheaper conversion, the Type 16 was ordered.

The Type 16 conversion removed the existing gun armament, substituting a twin 4 inch gun forward with a close-in anti-aircraft armament of seven Bofors 40 mm guns, with simpler fire control than used in the Type 15. Anti-submarine armament consisted of two Squid anti-submarine mortars, while a quadruple set of 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes provided a limited anti-surface ship armament.

Ships

Ex-O class destroyers of the Pakistan Navy Onslow / Tippu Sultan and Onslaught / Tughril were returned to the UK between 1957 and 1959 to be converted along the lines of the Type 16 frigate.

Also two ex-W class destroyers of the South African Navy: SAS Jan van Riebeeck (ex-Wessex) and SAS Simon van der Stel (ex-Whelp) underwent conversions to modified Type 16 frigates in 1962–66. They differed mainly in ability to carry two Westland Wasp helicopters, instead of having a Squid launcher.

See also
 War Emergency Programme destroyers: The destroyer building programme that the Type 16 frigates were converted from
 Type 15 frigate a more extensive conversion of destroyer hulls than the Type 16

References

Publications
 
 Friedman, Norman. British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After. London: Chatham Publishing, 2006. .
 Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
 Marriott, Leo. Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983 Ian Allan, 1983, 

Frigate classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy
European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages

The European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages (EBLUL) was a non-governmental organisation that was set up to promote linguistic diversity and languages. It was founded in 1982 and discontinued in 2010. The organisation had close ties with both the European Parliament and the Council of Europe, and was funded by both the European Commission and local and regional governmental organisations.

Following its establishment in 1982, the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages worked to strengthen contacts and develop mutual co-operation between lesser-used language communities.  The main goal was to promote linguistic diversity and to support these languages.  It acted to facilitate links and communications with the European institutions, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, and UN and UNESCO. It spoke on behalf of Europe's 50 million speakers of regional or minority languages.

EBLUL's operational grant was discontinued by the EU in 2007 despite recommendations from the European Parliament, including the 2003 Ebner Report and the EU's own evaluation conducted by Ernst and Young that the EU should continue to support the organisation. The cut in funding remains controversial because the 2003 Ebner Report  a European Parliament legislative report, which has to be implemented by the EU, recommended that EBLUL continue to receive EU funding.

However, with the cut in its core funding, EBLUL was finally closed by a decision of its board of directors on 27 January 2010.  The main reason given was that "the funding mechanism of such an organisational model [was] not suitable in current circumstances".

EBLUL has since been replaced by the European Language Equality Network (ELEN) the European NGO for lesser-used languages, it gathers most of the former EBLUL members plus many more civil society organisations from across Europe. To date, ELEN represents 44 languages with 60 member organisations in 20 European states.

See also
 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
 Languages of the European Union
 Colin H. Williams,(1991) Language in Geographic Context: Linguistic minorities, society, and territory. Kogaｎ Page．

References

External links
 European Language Equality Network
 Council of Europe: Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
 Council of Europe: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
 United Nations: Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities

Council of Europe
Politics of Europe
Linguistics organizations
International organizations based in Europe
Organizations established in 1982
1982 establishments in Europe
Languages of Europe
The Elf Albums

The Elf Albums (Connoisseur VSOP CD 167) is a CD compilation released in 1994.  It consists of Elf's second and third albums, Carolina County Ball (titled LA 59 in the US) and Trying to Burn the Sun, in their entirety on a single CD.  This includes the Carolina County Ball track "Happy", which was left out of The Gargantuan compilation.

Track listing
 "Carolina Country Ball" - 4:46
 "L.A. 59" - 4:21
 "Ain't It All Amusing" - 5:01
 "Happy" - 5:28
 "Annie New Orleans" - 3:01
 "Rocking Chair Rock 'n' Roll Blues" - 5:36
 "Rainbow" - 4:00
 "Do the Same Thing" - 3:10
 "Blanche" - 2:31
 "Black Swampy Water" - 3:43
 "Prentice Wood" - 4:37
 "When She Smiles" - 4:54
 "Good Time Music" - 4:30
 "Liberty Road" - 3:22
 "Shotgun Boogie" - 3:07
 "Wonderworld" - 5:03
 "Streetwalker" - 7:07

Elf (band) compilation albums
1994 compilation albums
Alfred Wotquenne

Alfred Wotquenne (; 25 January 186725 September 1939) was a Belgian musical bibliographer, best known for his catalogues of the works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Christoph Willibald Gluck.

Biography
Wotquenne was born in Lobbes, Hainault, Belgium. He studied at Brussels' Conservatoire Royal, where his teachers included Louis Brassin (piano),  (organ), and François-Auguste Gevaert (theory). In 1894 he was appointed the chief librarian of the conservatoire; he retained this post until his arrest in 1918. During his time the library acquired a great many works, both printed and in manuscript.

The best known of Wotquenne's achievements is his 1905 bibliographical study of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, but he also performed similar services for other composers: Baldassare Galuppi (1900), Christoph Willibald Gluck (1905), and Luigi Rossi (1909). He also contributed to a complete inventory of the works of a fellow-Belgian, the Liège-born André Grétry.

Thanks to Wotquenne's efforts, C. P. E. Bach's pieces came to be known by their "Wq" numbers. They are now also known by their "H" numbers, from a new and more thorough catalogue by Eugene Helm (1989). A concordance between these systems is available.

Conviction
He was arrested in 1918, and convicted for "participating with the enemy". By royal decree he lost the Order of Leopold and his position as chief librarian on 9 August 1919.

From 1921 Wotquenne lived in France, working in Antibes as a choir master and organ teacher. He died at Antibes shortly after the outbreak of World War II.

Publications
 Catalogue thématique des œuvres de Chr. W. v. Gluck. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1904
 Catalogue thématique des œuvres de Charles Philippe Emmanuel Bach (1714–1788). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1905

References

External links
 
 Schenker Documents Online (link is obsolete)

1867 births
1939 deaths
People from Hainaut (province)
Belgian musicologists
Belgian librarians
Classical music catalogues
Belgian bibliographers
Kálmán Tóth (poet)

Kálmán Tóth (1831–1881) was a Hungarian poet. He was born in Baja. The main theme of his poetry was love.

He studied at the Franciscan Gymnasium (now Béla III High School) in Baja between 1839 and 1845. Tóth was the best student in his class. He was a novice for a short time, but then started to study law. He took part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

After the failure of the revolution, he tried to raise national self-confidence and to cherish the ideals of the revolution. He remembered its heroes in his poetry. He became the sub-editor of Ignác Nagy's  (English: Ladies' Courier). He was the accountable editor of it between 1856 and 1861.

In 1860, Tóth launched a political newspaper,  (English: Crazy Michael). From 1864 he was the editor of the  (English: Metropolitan Pages). His writing was regularly published, and his dramas were performed at the Hungarian National Theatre in Budapest.

.
Tóth was elected to be the parliamentary delegate of his home town in 1865. Through four sessions he fought for revolutionary ideas in the Parliament. Tóth took part in raising Baja to be a city with municipal rights, and helped to found Eötvös József College. He also demanded that Baja be connected to the national rail system (now Hungarian State Railways, ).

He lost his seat in the 1878 general election. The frustration of it caused him to lose his mind, and he died at the age of sixty.

The city of Baja has erected a monument in his honour, at Kálmán Tóth Square.

References

1831 births
1881 deaths
People from Baja, Hungary
Hungarian male poets
19th-century Hungarian poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers
Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily

Elvira of Castile ( – 6 February 1135) was a member of the House of Jiménez and the first Queen of Sicily as the wife of Roger II of Sicily.

Elvira was a legitimate daughter of Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile. Her mother was King Alfonso VI's fourth wife, Isabella. This Isabella is likely identical to Zaida of Seville, the Muslim princess who was Alfonso's mistress before marrying him. Growing up at her father's court in the multiconfessional city of Toledo, Elvira must have been accustomed to a significant level of convivencia, which was present in Sicily as well.

In 1117 or 1118, Elvira married Roger II, then count of Sicily and king from 1130. Sicily too had a sizeable Muslim population, and the marriage was part of Roger's plan to emulate the religious policy of Elvira's father. Elvira's likely descent from the Muslim rulers of Al-Andalus exemplifies a "pattern of cultural association" between the queens of Sicily and the Islamic world. She may have even influenced the extensive cultivation of Islamic art during her husband's reign.

There is exceptionally little information about Queen Elvira. She does not appear to have been active in politics or as a church patron, and is chiefly remembered for giving birth to Roger's six children. In addition to a daughter who died young, Elvira and Roger had five sons:

Roger (1118 – 12 May 1148), duke of Apulia (from 1135), possibly also count of Lecce
Tancred (1119–1138), prince of Bari (from 1135)
Alfonso (1120/1121 – 10 October 1144), prince of Capua (from 1135) and duke of Naples
William (b. 1131 – d. 7 May 1166), duke of Apulia (from 1148)
 Henry (born in 1135, died young)

In 1135, both Roger and Elvira fell ill. The illness was grave and infectious. The king survived, but the queen died on 6 February. Roger was devastated by her death; he withdrew to his room and refused to see anyone except his closest servants. Eventually rumors spread that he too had died. Roger remained a widower for fourteen years and remarried only in 1149, as he had outlived four out of the five sons he had had with Elvira.

Notes

References 

1100s births
1135 deaths
Roger II of Sicily
Royal consorts of Sicily
12th-century Italian women
12th-century Sicilian people
12th-century Italian nobility
Leonese infantas
Castilian infantas
Elvira
Infectious disease deaths in Sicily
Deaths in childbirth
Daughters of emperors
Duchesses of Apulia
Daughters of kings
Victoria Park, Cardiff

Victoria Park is a public park in the Canton district of Cardiff in south Wales at Cowbridge Road East.

As its name suggests, it is a traditional Victorian era park named after Queen Victoria and has retained much of its original charm.  The park was created as a municipal recreation ground by Cardiff City Council through a city charter between 1897 and 1898 to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, marking her record sixty years on the throne. The park occupies part of the former Llandaff Common.

The park covers nearly  and still contains the original model boating and paddling pool which remains a very popular attraction in summer, plus a playpark for younger children.  At the very north of the park there are tennis courts and a synthetic turf field for 5-a-side football.  The original 1898 bandstand had fallen into disrepair and had been demolished but, in 1998, a replica of the original bandstand was erected on the original site to mark the park's centennial celebrations.

There are many mature trees and blossom trees in spring, together with crocuses and daffodils and flowerbeds that burst with colour during summer.  There are wide paths and a refreshment shop by the pool.  Public music events, markets and fairs take place throughout the summer months.  There is also a whimsical monument to Billy the Seal who lived from 1912 to 1939 in what is now the paddling pool. The park is one of the few remaining UK parks where the park keeper still lives in an on-site lodge. A splashpad has now replaced the paddling pool due to maintenance costs. 
Victoria Park is recognised as one of the best maintained in the Cardiff area and has received a Green Flag Award; it has been used for location filming for Doctor Who episodes, namely Forest of the Dead and The Lodger, as well as Mark of the Berserker for the related Sarah-Jane Adventures.

References

External links

 Cardiff Council's Victoria Park Page
 The bandstand’ programme of events and shows
 360 Degree Panorama Photograph of the park
 Photo of the paddling pool in the 1950s

1897 establishments in Wales
Buildings and structures completed in 1897
Parks established in the 1890s
Protected areas established in 1897
Parks in Cardiff
Canton, Cardiff
Registered historic parks and gardens in Cardiff
Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
Useful idiot (disambiguation)

Useful idiot is a political term for misguided supporters of a cause.

Useful Idiot or Useful Idiots may also refer to:

"Useful Idiot" (Homeland), an episode of the television series Homeland
Useful Idiots (podcast), a podcast hosted by Matt Taibbi and Katie Halper
"Useful Idiot", a song by band Tool from their 1996 album Ænima
Useful Idiots, a novel by Jan Mark
Useful Idiots: How Liberals Got It Wrong in the Cold War and Still Blame America First, a book by Mona Charen
Michael L. Igoe

Michael Lambert Igoe (April 16, 1885 – August 21, 1967) was an American politician who served as a United States representative from Illinois, an Illinois state representative, a United States District Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, and a United States district judge of the Northern District of Illinois.

Education and career

Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Igoe was educated in the parochial schools and De La Salle Institute in Chicago, Illinois. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Georgetown Law in Washington, D.C. in 1908. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Chicago from 1908 to 1939. He was Chief Assistant United States Attorney of the Northern District of Illinois from 1915 to 1917. He was a member of the board of South Park Commissioners from 1924 to 1932.

Political career
Igoe was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1913 to 1930. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1928 and a member of the Democratic National Committee from 1930 to 1932.

Igoe sought the Democratic nomination for Governor of Illinois in 1932, but was defeated by Henry Horner.

In 1920 he ran for Cook County State's Attorney, winning the Democratic primary against incumbent Maclay Hoyne, but losing the general election to Republican nominee Robert E. Crowe.

He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives of the 74th United States Congress, serving from January 3, 1935, until his resignation effective June 2, 1935, to take the post of United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, serving from 1935 to 1939.

He ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary of the 1938 United States Senate election in Illinois.

Federal judicial service

Igoe received a recess appointment from President Franklin D. Roosevelt on November 21, 1938, to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, to a new seat authorized by 52 Stat. 584. He was nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on January 5, 1939. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 9, 1939, and received his commission on March 4, 1939. He assumed senior status on August 31, 1965.

Death 
His service terminated on August 21, 1967, due to his death in Chicago. He was interred in All Saints Cemetery in Des Plaines, Illinois.

See also
List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt

References

Sources
 
 

1885 births
1967 deaths
De La Salle Institute alumni
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
United States district court judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
20th-century American judges
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
United States Attorneys for the Northern District of Illinois
Assistant United States Attorneys
Matthew Henry Richey

Matthew Henry Richey (June 10, 1828 – February 21, 1911) was a Canadian politician in the 19th century.

Richey was the son of Matthew Richey, Methodist minister from Nova Scotia. The family was of Ulster-Scottish ancestry, his father having immigrated to Canada.

Richey studied law in Windsor, Ontario and Upper Canada, was called to the bar in 1850 and practised law in Halifax. He served on the city council and was twice elected mayor of Halifax.

Richey was a Conservative politician and in 1878 he was elected to the Parliament of Canada. In 1883, he became the fifth Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, a position he held until 1888.

External links 

1828 births
1911 deaths
Lawyers in Nova Scotia
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia
Mayors of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States

Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States is the collaborating body of the five provincial superiors of the Society of Jesus in Canada, the United States, Belize, and Haiti. The conference includes the Canada Province (which includes Haiti) and the four provinces of the United States: USA East, USA Central and Southern (which includes Belize), USA Midwest, and USA West.

The conference is led by a president, who also serves as chair of the Conference board. The administrative offices are in Washington, D.C., with eight on the full-time staff. The conference hosts the provincial websites.

History 
From 2014 to 2017, the Jesuit provinces in the United States were consolidated. Some had divided in the 1950s when they reached maximum size, to become California, Chicago-Detroit, Maryland, Missouri, New England, New Orleans, New York, Oregon, and Wisconsin, known collectively as the US Assistancy. In the new grouping, New England and New York have formed USA Northeast Province, which was renamed USA East Province when Maryland later joined the grouping; Missouri and New Orleans became USA Central and Southern Province; Chicago-Detroit and Wisconsin have joined to become Midwest Province; and Oregon and California became USA West Province. There was some adjustment of boundary lines. The Jesuits have more ministries in the United States than they did at the peak of their membership, largely because of lay partnerships and diversification of ministries.

Services 
The Conference website is a source of information about the Jesuits and their beliefs.

Social justice 
Since its 32nd General Congregation in 1972, the Society of Jesus has made the promotion of justice a central part of all of its works. The Conference facilitates cooperation toward this end among the various Jesuit works, and among those in any way connected to the Jesuits.

The Jesuits’ Office of Justice and Ecology at the Conference engages with "legislators, public officials, corporations and the Jesuit network on issues including immigration and economic, criminal, juvenile and environmental justice." It also carries worldwide news on ecological initiatives, especially Jesuit initiatives.

The Jesuit Refugee Service, active in over 50 countries, through its local branch overseen by the Conference ministers principally to the spiritual needs of detained refugees and immigrants. An outgrowth of this has been the Kino Border Initiative for which the Jesuit provincials have shown concerted support.

The Press Center disseminates news of organizations like the Ignatian Solidarity Network and its annual Ignatian Family Teach-in. It also carries on its own news and advocacy efforts on its website.

See also 
 Jesuits in the United States
 Jesuit Schools Network

References    

Christian organizations established in 2017
Society of Jesus
2017 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2007 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships

The 2007 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 71st World Ice Hockey Championship. The competition also served as qualification for division placements in the 2008 competition. Canada won the tournament, receiving the gold medal for the 24th time.

Championship

Final standings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  — relegated to Division I for 2008
  — relegated to Division I for 2008

Division I

Group A 
Final standings
  — promoted to Championship for 2008
 
 
 
 
  — relegated to Division II for 2008

Group B 
Final standings
  — promoted to Championship for 2008
 
 
 
 
  — relegated to Division II for 2008

Division II

Group A 
Final standings
  — promoted to Division I for 2008
 
 
 
 
  — relegated to Division III for 2008

Group B 
Final standings
  — promoted to Division I for 2008
 
 
 
 
  — withdrew from tournament, relegated to Division III for 2008

Division III 

Final standings
  — promoted to Division II for 2008
  — promoted to Division II for 2008
 
 
  — made first appearance
  — withdrew from tournament

See also
2007 IIHF World Championship rosters
 Juniors
 Women's
 Men's U18

External links 
IIHF Official Site

 
IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships
Men's, World 2007
Hever, Kent

Hever village  is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The parish  is located on the River Eden, a tributary of the River Medway, east of Edenbridge. It is   by  in extent, and  in area. The parish includes the villages of Four Elms, Hever itself, and Markbeech, and has a population of 1,136, increasing to 1,231 at the 2011 Census.

The place-name 'Hever' may come from 'Heanyfre', meaning 'high edge', which is attested in Saxon charter S175 of 814, referring to an altogether different place.

Hever contains Hever Castle, the childhood home of Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII.

There are three parish churches, one at each village. All are one united benefice. In the parish church of St Peter is the tomb of Thomas Boleyn, the father of Anne Boleyn and grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I.

Hever railway station is  west of the village by total road distance. It is on the Oxted line between Uckfield and Oxted, with services often continuing to London Bridge.

References

External links

Villages in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent
Beat reporting

Beat reporting, also known as specialized reporting, is a genre of journalism focused on a particular issue, sector, organization, or institution over time.

Description
Beat reporters build up a base of knowledge on and gain familiarity with the topic, allowing them to provide insight and commentary in addition to reporting straight facts. Generally, beat reporters will also build up a rapport with sources that they visit again and again, allowing for trust to build between the journalist and their source of information. This distinguishes them from other journalists who might cover similar stories from time to time.

Journalists become invested in the beats they are reporting for, and become passionate about mastering that beat. Beat reporters often deal with the same sources day after day, and must return to those sources regardless of their relationship with them. Those sources may or may not be pleased with the reporting of the reporters. It is pertinent that beat reporters contact their sources quickly, obtain all necessary information, and write on deadline.

According to media sociologists, beat reporting occurs because of the limited time reporters are given to cover stories. For big scoops, beats are not necessarily as useful as other journalism types. Some of the best inside stories, such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Watergate scandal, did not come from beat reporting.

Beat reporters collect information from each person they meet while reporting. They routinely call, visit, and e-mail sources to obtain any new information for articles. When reporters have experience on a specific beat, they are able to gain both knowledge and sources to lead them to new stories relating to that beat. Beats are able to help reporters define their roles as journalists, and also avoid overlap of stories within the newsroom.

In sports, many professional teams have beat reporters assigned, such as for teams within Major League Baseball (MLB) or the National Football League (NFL). Many beat reporters work for major websites such as MLB.com or The Athletic, or for major newspapers such as The Washington Post or Los Angeles Times.

Etymology
The term comes from the noun beat in the sense of an assigned regular route or habitual path, as for a policeman. By analogy, the beat of a reporter is the topic they have been assigned for reporting. Similarly, a beat reporter will follow the same routes or habitual paths in collecting new information on a specified topic. The role of the reporter is to deliver the news, show the story according to their perspective and observations, give us the insights, comment on it and to submit the report of the issues on the given period of time.

Prizes
Several organisations award prizes for beat reporting, of which the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting, discontinued in 2007, is possibly the best known. Other awards that have a category for beat reporting include the Gerald Loeb Awards, the Canadian National Newspaper Awards, and the SEJ Awards.

References

External links
 Deadbeats - On the Media radio program, 12 September 2014
 

Types of journalism
Journalism terminology
Libice nad Cidlinou

Libice nad Cidlinou () is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants. It is one of the oldest settlements in Bohemia.

Geography
Libice nad Cidlinou is located about  southeast of Nymburk and  east of Prague. It lies in the Central Elbe Table lowland within the Polabí region. The village is situated on the right bank of the Cidlina River, near its confluence with the Elbe.

History

According to pottery finds, a Slavic settlement was established here in the 6th century. Libice emerged in the 9th century as the capital gord of the Slavník family. The first written mention of Libice is from 981 and relates to a mention from the Chronica Boemorum.

In 995, Libice was stormed by Bohemian Duke Boleslaus II (Přemyslid) and the Vršovci clan, who killed most of the Slavník family and annexed Libice to Prague. Adalbert of Prague and his brother, Archbishop Radim Gaudentius, survived by taking refuge in land of the Polans under rule of Boleslaus II.

In the 11th century, the gord survived and continued to function as an important administrative centre of Bohemia. In 1108, Božej of the Vršovci family lived here as a castellan. In 1130, Libice was destroyed by a large fire. The village was renewed, but the gord disappeared, and the stones from it served as building material for the villagers. According to deeds from 1228 and 1233, the village was then owned by the St. George's Convent in Prague. In 1336, the convent sold Libice to Ješek of Všechlapy.

Demographics

Transport
The D11 motorway passes through the municipality.

Sights
On the western edge of the village lies the area of Slavník gord with models of the foundations of the Ottonian church from the 10th century and the palace from the 11th century. A bronze statue of Saint Adalbert of Prague and Radim Gaudentius stands in front of the foundations of the church. In 1961, the area was declared an archaeological monument reserve. Since 1989, the acropolis of the gord has been a national cultural monument.

Other sights in Libice include the Church of St. Adalbert and the Evangelical church. The Church of St. Adalbert dates from the 14th century, but was rebuilt to its current form in 1836.

Notable people
Adalbert of Prague  ( – 997), bishop, missionary, and martyr

References

External links

Villages in Nymburk District
Archaeological sites in the Czech Republic
John Hencken

John Frederick Hencken (born May 29, 1954) is an American former competition swimmer, three-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder.  Hencken won five Olympic medals during his career, including three golds.

Olympic career
At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, he won a gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke and a bronze medal in the 100-meter breaststroke.  Four years later at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, Hencken won gold medals in the 100-meter breaststroke and 4×100-meter medley relay, and a silver in the 200-meter breaststroke.

During his career Hencken set 21 American and 13 world records. He graduated from Stanford in general engineering and product design, and completed his MBA at the University of Phoenix.

1972 graduate of Cupertino High School, Cupertino, CA

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of Stanford University people
 List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)
 World record progression 100 metres breaststroke
 World record progression 200 metres breaststroke
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay

References

External links

 
 

1954 births
Living people
American male breaststroke swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Sportspeople from Culver City, California
Stanford Cardinal men's swimmers
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in swimming
20th-century American people
Vadul Turcului

Vadul Turcului (Romanian; ; , Vadul-Turkului, ) is a commune in Transnistria, Moldova. Its name means "Turk's ford" in Romanian. It is composed of two villages, Molochișul Mic (Малий Молокіш, Малый Молокиш) and Vadul Turcului.

It is also the site of the Church of the Blessed Virgin's Birth, a Russian Orthodox church featured on gold and silver coins issued in the series of Orthodox Temples (Transnistria) by Transnistria's Central Bank.

Notes

References 

Communes of Transnistria
Bratslav Voivodeship
Baltsky Uyezd
Rîbnița District
With a strong hand and an outstretched arm

"With a strong hand and an outstretched arm" () is a phrase used in the Bible to describe God's use of his power on behalf of Israel, particularly during the Exodus.

Origin
The phrase is used many times in the Bible to describe God's powerful deeds during the Exodus: Exodus 6:6, Deuteronomy 4:34 5:15 7:19 9:29 11:2 26:8, Psalms 136:12.

The phrase is also used to describe other past or future mighty deeds of God, in the following sources: II Kings 17:36, Jeremiah 21:5 27:5 32:17, Ezekiel 20:33 20:34, II Chronicles 6:32.

A shortened version ("with a strong hand") is also used to refer to the Exodus: in Exodus 3:19 6:1 13:9 13:16 32:11 among other places.

In Exodus

In Exodus 6 (Parshat Va'eira in the Torah), Moses has just reiterated to God the complaint of the Israelites that things have gotten worse for them every time he has gone to the pharaoh on their behalf; in this case, the paraoh has ruled that they shall henceforward make bricks without straw. God replies to Moses that the time will come when the pharaoh himself will drive the Israelites out of Egypt, and that, on behalf of his covenant with the Patriarchs, God will redeem the Israelites with a strong hand and an outstretched arm, so that they will know him.

Moses and Aaron did not reply directly to the Israelites regarding their complaint, but when Moses conveys this reply from God to the Israelites, it fails to lift their spirits.

The implication is that God will provide a lesson to both the Israelites and the nations of the world, showing his power and the futility of trying to resist it, as well as his willingness to use his power on behalf of his Covenant. To achieve this, the pharaoh must have been seen not to be freeing the Israelites as an act of benevolence, but instead to be adamantly resistant at first, then changing his mind to the point where he drives them to leave, due only to his eventual reluctant submission to God's might.

This concept is repeated in the recount of the Plague of Hail. This serves as the introduction to the demonstrations of God's power, beginning with Aaron's Rod and followed by the Ten Plagues of Egypt.

The phrase has come to have great value in Judaic tradition as the symbol of God's use of his power on behalf of the Jews. It is repeated verbatim in Deuteronomy 26:8, which describes the commandment to tithe first fruits and which is read with emphasis in the Passover Haggadah and Seder.

Egyptian parallels
In ancient Egyptian royal literature, a pharaoh is frequently described as using his "mighty hand" or "outstretched arm" to perform mighty deeds. By describing God's defeat of Egypt in this language, the Bible argues that its God has outdone the greatest earthly leader.

References

Passover
Biblical phrases
Book of Exodus
Elaine Graham

Elaine L. Graham  (born 1959) is the Grosvenor Research Professor at the University of Chester. She was until October 2009 the Samuel Ferguson Professor of Social and Pastoral Theology at the University of Manchester. In March 2014, she was installed as Canon Theologian of Chester Cathedral.

Education
Elaine Graham holds a BSc (Social Science) (Hons) in Sociology and Economic and Social History (1980) from the University of Bristol, a MA in Social and Pastoral Theology from the University of Manchester (1988) and a PhD entitled "The Implications of Theories of Gender for Christian Pastoral Practice and Theological Formulation" (1993), also from Manchester.

Career
After working as the Northern Regional Secretary of the Student Christian Movement (1981–84) and four years as ecumenical lay chaplain at Sheffield City Polytechnic (now Sheffield Hallam University), Elaine Graham joined the University of Manchester in 1988 as a lecturer in Social and Pastoral Theology.  She was appointed to the position of Samuel Ferguson Professor of Social and Pastoral Theology, succeeding Ronald Preston (1970–81) and Tony Dyson (1981–98) in June 1998. She later held the position of Head of the School of Religions and Theology & Middle Eastern Studies from 2000 to 2004.

Elaine Graham was the President of the International Academy of Practical Theology from 2005 to 2007 and was a member of the Archbishops' Commission on Urban Life and Faith, which published the report Faithful Cities: A call for celebration, vision and justice (Methodist Publishing House, 2006).

In 2009 she moved to the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Chester as Grosvenor Research Professor in Practical Theology. In 2014 she was installed as the Canon Theologian of Chester Cathedral in a lay capacity.

She was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2021.

Published works

Books
This is a list of books that Graham has published or edited.

Articles and chapters
In addition, she has also written a number of articles in edited volumes and academic journals.

Other information

University of Chester Staff Page: [www.chester.ac.uk/departments/trs/staff/graham]
Publications on Chester Repository (open access):

References

External links
 Commission on Urban Life and Faith

1959 births
Living people
British theologians
Public theologians
Academics of the University of Chester
Academics of the University of Manchester
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Alumni of the University of Manchester
People associated with Sheffield Hallam University
Practical theologians
Fellows of the British Academy
Viscount Langford

Viscount Langford, of Longford Lodge, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 19 February 1766 for Elizabeth Rowley. She was made Baroness of Summerhill at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. She was the wife of Hercules Langford Rowley, a member of the Irish Privy Council, grandson of Sir John Rowley and Mary, daughter of Sir Hercules Langford, 1st Baronet (see Langford baronets). She was succeeded by her son, the second Viscount. He represented County Antrim and Downpatrick in the Irish Parliament. The title became extinct in 1796 on the death of the second Viscount. The Rowley estates were inherited by Clotworthy Taylor, fourth son of Thomas Taylor, 1st Earl of Bective (whose eldest son was created Marquess of Headfort in 1800) by his wife Jane, daughter of Hercules Langford Rowley and the Viscountess Langford. He assumed by Royal licence the surname of Rowley in 1796 and in 1800 the Langford title was revived when he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Langford. This title is still extant.

Viscounts Langford (1766)

Elizabeth Rowley, 1st Viscountess Langford (1713–1791). She was the daughter of Clotworthy Upton (MP in 1695 for the borough of Newton and in 1703 to his death; in June 1725 for the county of Antrim) and Jane Ormsby (daughter of John Ormsby MP of Limerick, born 1632 at Ballyvenogue, Limerick).
Hercules Rowley, 2nd Viscount Langford (1737–1796)

See also
Langford baronets
Baron Langford

References

Extinct viscountcies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1766
Jacob Hoeppner

Jacob Hoeppner (or Jakob Höppner) (1748–1826) was one of two delegates selected by the Mennonite community in Danzig, Prussia, to travel to South Russia and evaluate land along the Dnieper River near Chortitza as a possible settlement. The Mennonites were recruited by Queen Catherine II the Great to settle on territory recently won from the Sultan of  the Ottoman Empire. The entire Ukraine had a population of three million at most. In order to settle this empty territory, colonists from western Europe were invited to come to Russia.

Russian colonization agents advertised the availability of crown lands to people throughout Europe. One of these was Georg von Trappe, who visited the Mennonites of Danzig in 1786. The Mennonite congregations elected to send Hoeppner and Johann Bartsch, who von Trappe arranged to send to Russia at government expense. They departed in the fall of 1786, sailing first to Riga, then travelling cross country, arriving at the Dnieper in late November. From here they sailed down the river looking for a suitable site. They met Potemkin at Kremenchuk and were presented to Catherine in May, as she was inspecting her new territories. They found a suitable settlement location, then returned home by way of Saint Petersburg, where they met with Crown Prince Paul, who confirmed the promises made by von Trappe. Their return to Danzig was delayed for several months because Hoeppner broke his leg.

Russia
The following year, the 228 of the poorest families from the Mennonite community of Danzig made the long harrowing trip from Prussia to the promised tract of land in Russia under the leadership of Hoeppner and Bartsch. The journey from Danzig to Riga was 300 miles by boat on the Baltic Sea, then 900 miles by caravan to Chortiza. The difficulty of pioneering on the steppe was compounded the disappearance of personal property and government building materials en route to the settlement. While most families survived by building crude shelters, Hoeppner and Bartsch were able to erect substantial dwellings. The two men were accused of keeping government money intended for community use. Both were excommunicated from the church. Hoeppner was turned over to the Russian government on trumped up charges and spent almost a year in jail. Eventually, Hoeppner and his family became citizens of nearby Alexandrovsk, settled on the Isle of Chrotiza on the Dnieper River and became an active part of the Russian Mennonites life in the new colony, joining another Mennonite congregation.

Hoeppner made arrangements to be buried on his own estate instead of the Mennonite cemetery among the people who had caused so many problems for him. In 1889 a centennial monument celebrating the original settlement was placed at his gravesite by the great-grandchildren of the colonists who had Hoeppner thrown in jail. The monument has since been moved to Mennonite Heritage Village in Steinbach, Manitoba.

References

External links
 Höppner, Jakob (1748-1826) at Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online

Russian Mennonites
1748 births

1826 deaths
Vistula delta Mennonites
Prussian Mennonites
Parliamentary agent

Parliamentary agents are solicitors who are licensed (together with the firms they belong to) by the Houses of Parliament in the United Kingdom to draft, promote or oppose private bills.  Private bills are a specific class of legislation promoted by organisations outside Parliament to obtain powers for themselves that differ from the general law.

History
In 1836, due to the obvious conflict of interest, the Clerks of the House were debarred from carrying out what had been a lucrative line of agency work. Parliamentary agents expanded into the space left by the clerks and formed the Society of Parliamentary Agents in 1840.

The high point for parliamentary agency work was during the mid 19th century during the rise of the railway industry, as these companies often needed parliamentary powers in building and running their operations. This was a source of political controversy, since railway directors were becoming seen to be overly powerful, leading the prime minister at the time, William Ewart Gladstone, to identify parliamentary agents as ‘the deeper power in opposition’.

Today
As private bills make up a very small proportion of contemporary legislation, with most legislation being sponsored by the government and thus drafted and supported by the Civil Service, the work of parliamentary agents has relatively diminished and there are now only seven firms of parliamentary agents: BDB Pitmans LLP, employing five Roll A agents, Winckworth Sherwood LLP and Eversheds Sutherland (International) LLP (formerly Rees & Freres), each employing three Roll A agents,  Sharpe Pritchard LLP, employing two Roll A agents and Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP, Pinsent Masons LLP and Veale Wasbrough Vizards LLP who each have one Roll A agent.

It is also possible for any person to become a Roll B parliamentary agent for the purpose of opposing a single bill in Parliament. Such a person must either be a solicitor or have "a certificate of respectability".

Much of the work of parliamentary agents, as experts in the legislative process and Whitehall and Westminster political culture, would now come under the profession of political consultancy, although the remaining parliamentary agents are now billed as law firms first and parliamentary agents second. However, the largest of the seven firms, Bircham Dyson Bell, has developed a political consultancy business within its legal practice, thus giving it the rare distinction of most of its political consultants also being qualified lawyers.

Parliamentary agents can observe House of Commons proceedings from the under gallery near the entrance to the chamber.

The City Remembrancer is a Roll A parliamentary agent.

References

External links
Private Bills before Parliament - Parliamentary Agents, UK Parliament
House of Commons factsheet on private bills
House of Commons private bill petitioning kit
UK Parliamentary Archives, Parliamentary Agents Papers

Parliament of the United Kingdom
 Parliament
Gerónimo Barbadillo

Gerónimo Barbadillo González (born September 29, 1954) is a retired Peruvian footballer.

A right winger, he spent his best seasons with Tigres UANL of the Liga MX and was known for his speed, dribbling and goal-scoring ability. He also played for Avellino and Udinese in Serie A. He participated in the 1982 FIFA World Cup with the Peru national football team. 

He is nicknamed "Patrulla" ("Patrol") because of his afro hairstyle the resemblanced to Linc Hayes (played by Clarence Williams III) in the American TV series "The Mod Squad" due the Spanish translation of the name of the show, which is "Patrulla Juvenil". 

An icon of Tigres UANL, the team honored him when they retired the kit number 7.

Biography
Barbadillo started playing in 1972 with Sport Boys. In 1974, he moved to play for Defensor Lima. In 1975, he arrived in Monterrey, Mexico to play for Tigres UANL. With Tigres he conquered a domestic cup or Copa México against Club América in 1976 and two Mexican League championships, first against Pumas UNAM in 1978 and against Atlante in 1982. He scored over 60 goals in six years and formed a special association in the pitch with Mexican historical creative midfielder Tomás Boy. Aside from his goalscoring, Barbadillo also played 17 Clásico Regiomontano derby matches against Monterrey, Tigres' main rival. Because he is considered one of the best players the team has ever had, his number, #7, has been retired and immortalized.

Barbadillo then moved in 1982 to Italy to play for Avellino, after his magnificent performance in the FIFA World Cup. He played later for Udinese in 1985–86. He has retired as a player and lives in Italy. He has been in charge of Udinese's youth team since 2005.

Honours

Tigres UANL
Primera División
Winner (2): 1977–78, 1981–82
Runner-up (1): 1979–80
Copa de Mexico
Winner (1): 1975–76

Peru national football team
Copa America
Winner (1): 1975

Individual
Mexican Primera División Golden Ball: 1981–82

External links
rsssf: Peru - record international footballers

References

1954 births
Footballers from Lima
1975 Copa América players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Living people
Peru men's international footballers
Peruvian men's footballers
Peruvian expatriate men's footballers
Sport Boys footballers
Tigres UANL footballers
US Avellino 1912 players
Udinese Calcio players
Peruvian Primera División players
Liga MX players
Serie A players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Copa América-winning players
Men's association football wingers