Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq, sometimes also Seljuk Turks) were a Turkic Sunni Muslim dynasty. They ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. Their empire was known as Great Seljuk Empire that stretched from Anatolia and the Levant to Afghanistan. The Seljuks also fought the European Christian Crusaders in the First Crusade. The Shia Muslims and other non-Sunnis (such as Zoroastrians) were heavily oppressed under Seljuk rule as the Seljuks were devout Sunnis and saw themselves as the protectors of the Abbasid Caliphate and Sunni Islam. Culturally, the Seljuks were a Persianate empire as they focused heavily on Persianate culture and Persian language. The Seljuk dynasty was founded by Tughril, a Turkmen chief.

The Seljuks were one of the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks, the present-day inhabitants of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the Kinik Oghuz Turks who in the 9th century lived in the steppes north of the Caspian and Aral Seas in modern-day Turkmenistan.

Rulers of Seljuk Dynasty 1037-1157
 Toğrül (Toğrül Beg) 1037-1063
 Alp Arslan bin Chaghri 1063-1072
 Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I 1072-1092
 Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I 1092-1093
 Rukn ad-Din Barkiyaruq 1093-1104
 Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II 1105
 Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad Tapar 1105-1118
 Mahmud II 1118-1131
 Mu'izz ad-Din Ahmed Sanjar 1131-1157

Seljuk Rulers of Kerman 1041-1187
Kerman was a nation in southern Persia. It fell in 1187, probably conquered by Toğrül III of Great Seljuk.
 Qawurd 1041-1073
 Kerman Shah 1073-1074
 Soltan Shah 1074-1075
 Hossein Omar 1075-1084
 Turan Shah I 1084-1096
 Iran Shah 1096-1101
 Arslan Shah I 1101-1142
 Mohammad I 1142-1156
 Toğrül Shah 1156-1169
 Bahram Shah 1169-1174
 Arslan Shah II 1174-1176
 Turan Shah II 1176-1183
 Mohammad II 1183-1187

Seljuk Rulers in Syria 1076-1117
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085-1086
 Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I of Great Seljuk 1086-1087
 Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087-1094
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (second time) 1094-1095
 Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 1095-1113
 Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113-1114
 Sultan Shah 1114-1123
Sultans/Emirs of Damascus:
 Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076-1079
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079-1095
 Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095-1104]
 Tutush II 1104
 Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104
Atabegs of Aleppo:
 Lulu 1114-1117
 Shams al-Havas Yariqtash 1117
 Imad ad-Din Zengi 1128-1146
 Nur ad-Din 1146-1174

Seljuk Sultans of Rüm (Anatolia) 1077-1307

 Kutalmish 1060-1077
 Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish (Suleiman) 1077-1086
 Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092-1107
 Malik Shah 1107-1116
 Rukn ad-Din Mas'ud 1116-1156
 Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156-1192
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I 1192-1196
 Suleyman II (Suleiman) 1196-1204
 Kilij Arslan III 1204-1205
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I (second time) 1205-1211
 Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us I 1211-1220
 Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I 1220-123]
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II 1237-1246
 Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us II 1246-1260
 Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248-1265
 Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh II 1249-1257
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II (second time) 1257-1259
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau III 1265-1282
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II 1282-1284
 Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III 1284
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (second time) 1284-1293
 Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III (second time) 1293-1294
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (third time) 1294-1301
 Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III (third time) 1301-1303
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (fourth time) 1303-1307
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud III 1307

History of the Middle East
Azerbaijani dynasties
Royal dynasties
Crusades