alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Human Be-In

The  'Human Be-In'  was an event during the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. It was held in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. The Human Be-In caused the Summer of Love, which introduced hippie life and the word psychedelic to everyday Americans, and made the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco famous because it was the center of an American counterculture.

The hippie movement had two main sources. One source was college students who were not happy about the way the country was headed. They did not like the way African Americans were being treated in the South or the way young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The other source of the hippie movement was the 'Beat Generation' (poets and jazz hipsters).

Throughout the early 1960s, college students who were against the policies of segregation in Southern United States would travel to the south. They took part in sit-ins, register African Americans to vote, demonstrate, march, and other activism. More and more people were unhappy about the Vietnam War and the riots. During this time, San Francisco was becoming a center for younger people who liked to experiment with drugs, and it was also a center for the music scene. From the idea of the 'sit-in', they got the idea to have a 'Human Be-In' in early January to get people's minds off politics and the war.

The Human Be-In was announced on the cover of the first issue of the San Francisco Oracle as "A Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In". Speakers at the rally included Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (soon to be more widely known as 'Ram Dass'), and poets like Allen Ginsberg, who chanted mantras, and Gary Snyder. Leary set the tone that afternoon with his famous phrase "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out". Other counterculture leaders who were there included comedian Dick Gregory, Lenore Kandel, and Jerry Rubin. The Hells Angels, at the peak of their 'outlaw' reputation, looked after lost children. Local rock bands such as Grateful Dead and Quicksilver Messenger Service provided the music, and Owsley "Bear" Stanley provided massive amounts of his "White Lightning" LSD to the gathered masses.

Soon every gathering was being called an '-In' of some kind. Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, a television comedy series, began to appear on NBC just a year later, January 22, 1968.

During 1967, more and more young people from around the country began traveling to San Francisco. By the summer there were between 100,000 and 200,000 there taking part in the "Summer of Love".

Other websites 
 Neville Powis, 'The Human Be-In and the hippy revolution." 
 Capsule description.
 Allen Cohen's website, with history from an insider. 
 Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s 'Rockument' commentary and sound bites.

1967 in California
Popular culture
20th century in San Francisco
Suva

Suva is the capital city of Fiji. It is on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu. Suva became the capital of Fiji in 1877. It was changed from the settlement of Kaivalagi on the island of Ovalau because that settlement had no space left to grow. Kaivalangi had been established by the Europeans. In 1996, 77,366 people lived in Suva. Including independent suburbs, 167,975 people lived in the Greater Suva city area.

Other websites 
 Suva City Council (official website)

National capitals in Oceania
Cities and towns in Fiji
Honiara

Honiara is the capital city of Solomon Islands and of Guadalcanal Province. It has a population 84,520 (2017).

The town is on the island of Guadalcanal. It was built to replace the former capital of Tulagi at the end of World War II. Honiara became the capital of the Solomon Islands in 1952. The town is on the Kukum Highway, which connects Henderson field in the east of Honiara with the White River in the west, and passes the hospital Nambanaen and the burned down Chinatown. Honiara has a dock from which ships depart to other provinces. The gardens of the National Art Gallery are popular for afternoon strolls. 

National capitals in Oceania
Geography of the Solomon Islands
Port Vila

Port Vila is the capital city of Vanuatu. Located on the south coast of the island of Efate, it has the country's most important dock and airport, Bauerfield International, making it the nation's economic and commercial center. As of the 2020 census, the population as 49,034.

During World War II, Port Vila was an American and Australian airbase. In 1987 and 2015, tropical cyclones badly damaged the city.

References 

National capitals in Oceania
Geography of Vanuatu
Chiayi City

Chiayi City (; Taiwanese: Ka-gī chhī) is a provincial city of southwestern Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Formerly called Kagi during the Japanese era, its historical name in Chinese (諸羅山) is borrowed from the Taiwanese aboriginal word Tirosen.

Districts
East District (東區)
West District (西區)

Related pages

List of counties of Republic of China

Cities in Taiwan
Example

An example (Latin exemplum, the shorthand e.g. stands for exempli gratia, which means for example) is a short story, or an anecdote. This story is told to illustrate something else, like an idea or a concept.

In the Middle Ages, preachers and priests used examples in their sermons. They did this to explain things from the bible. They also did this to explain to all those people (that were incapable of reading) how they should lead their lives, as a good person.

Examples help illustrate a point. 

The phrase "make an example" is sometimes used, when a person is harshly punished for others to see. This is done to keep other people (especially the person's peers) from doing the same thing that got that person into trouble.

Basic English 850 words
Hsinchu

Hsinchu City (Chinese:新竹; POJ: Sin-tek) is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" (Fengcheng 風城) for its windy climate.

The city is surrounded by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. 
Hsinchu City is made up of three districts:  North District, East District, and Siangshan District.

Economy
The city is the base of high tech industry in Taiwan. Built in 1980, Hsinchu Science Park is home of 360 high tech companies including TSMC, Philips and United Microelectronics Corporation. As the result, the city has the highest income level.

Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites

Cities in Taiwan
Kangaroo rat

Kangaroo rats are small rodents from North and Central America. They got their name because they look like small kangaroos when standing upright. But they are not related to kangaroos, except that they are mammals. The genus of the kangaroo rats is called Dipodomys.

Currently, there are 22 species in that genus. They vary in size from 10cm to 20cm, and they weigh between 35 and 180 grams for adult animals.

Kangaroo rats live in dry climates. They can live in deserts also, like the Thar Desert. This means that they have developed traits from other species that live in such climates, but are not related to them. Some of those species are the jerboas, which can be found in the deserts of Africa and Asia, and the hopping mice of the Australian Outback. 

All of those species have highly developed hind legs. They also live in deep burrows that protect them from the worst heat of the day. Water may be difficult to find in such climates. Therefore, they only rarely need to drink water. Instead, they have a very efficient metabolism. Their kidneys are much more efficient than human kidneys. They can also chemically split off water from the food they eat. 

Kangaroo mice are found in areas of the United States and Mexico, where there is some grass or vegetation left, but which have a rather dry climate.  Scientists call those areas arid and semi-arid. The animals live on seeds, leaves, nuts and other fruit they can find. They also catch insects. They are also known for stockpiling (keeping) some food in their burrows, for bad times. 

Usually, the animals have a color that blends in nicely with the sandy surroundings. Most often they are a tone of dark yellow to deep brown.

They are nocturnal which means that they are active during the night.

Other websites

Geomyoid rodents
Mammals of North America
Hibernation

Hibernation is a time of inactivity. Some endothermic (warm-blooded) animals hibernate, usually during the winter, when food is short. They fall into a sleep-like state. They regulate their metabolism to consume less energy. They lower their body temperature, slow their breathing, and slow other vital functions. During hibernation, the body uses fat for energy, which the animal has gathered in summer and autumn. They hibernate from the end of autumn to the start of winter. Animals try and eat as much as they can to increase the fats in their body.

Mammals like bats, ground squirrels (like marmots), hedgehogs, marsupials and others hibernate.

The phases of sleeping (called torpor) are different for the different animals. Hedgehogs sleep for 1–3 weeks, without waking, The fat dormouse sleeps for 20–33 days, without waking. The winter sleep of bears is not as deep as hibernation.

Only mammals hibernate. However, a few birds including hummingbirds do something similar.

Related pages 
 Torpor
 Dormancy
 Aestivation

Physiology
Pack rat

The pack rat, also known as the wood rat or trade rat, is a rodent of one of several species in the genus Neotoma. Very often, people mean the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). Packrats are common in the deserts and highlands of the western United States and northern Mexico. They are smaller than a usual (Old World) rat, and usually have long, sometimes bushy tails. They are also not related to the rat, other than also being a rodent. 

Rodents
Mammals of North America
Mohamed ElBaradei

Mohamed ElBaradei (born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian scientist, administrator, politician, diplomat and 2005 recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace.

Early life
ElBaradei was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. He has a doctorate in International law.

Career
ElBaradei is best known as the former Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (1997-2009). The IAEA is an inter-governmental organization related to the United Nations. It is based in Vienna and tries to bring about the peaceful use of nuclear energy. ElBaradei and the IAEA were both awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. They won the prize for their efforts in Iraq, finding that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country

Notes

References

Other websites 

1942 births
Living people
Diplomats
Egyptian Muslims
Vice-presidents of Egypt
New York University alumni
Politicians from Cairo
Egyptian Nobel Prize winners
Cairo University alumni‏
Bandicoot

A bandicoot is a kind of marsupial. There are about 20 species of bandicoots. 

Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.

There are different species of bandicoot including:
 Long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta
 Bilby, also known as the rabbit-eared bandicoot

Marsupials of Australia
Lesser bandicoot rat

The lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) is a rodent. It lives in south Asia. It can grow up to 40cm long. It is a rat, but is not in the genus Rattus. They may be a pest to cereal crops, and gardens in India and Sri Lanka. When attacking the rat grunts like a pig. Their fur is dark brown on the back and usually lighter or darker grey on the belly-side (ventrally). The length of their body is about 25cm, and the tail is shorter than the body.

Location 
Sometimes, the rats live in empty houses in villages. When they feel threatened, they are very aggressive. Many see them as a threat to infants (babies). Packs of lesser bandicoot rats have been known to attack and devour infants left alone.

Misunderstandings 
Despite its name, the rat is not related to the bandicoot, which is a marsupial.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says there are large numbers of lesser bandicoot rats found over a wide area. They have listed them as being of Least Concern for survival.

References

Old World rats and mice
Mammals of Asia
Roquefort cheese

For other uses, see Roquefort (disambiguation)

Roquefort cheese  is a kind of blue cheese. It comes from the south of France. It is made from sheep's milk. French laws about AOC say that only cheese from the region of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon (close to Millau) may be called Roquefort cheese.

Overview 
The cheese breaks into little pieces easily. It is a little moist. Blue mould is added to Roquefort cheese. This gives it a particular taste. Roquefort is made in big wheels. They weigh around 2.5 kilograms. They are about 10 cm thick. Roquefort needs to ripen for around 5 months. It is best eaten April to October, but of course it is available all year round. 

In the year 2003, there were seven Roquefort producers. The largest by far is Roquefort Société. Roquefort Papillon is also a well-known brand. The five other producers are Carles, Gabriel Coulet, Fromageries occitanes, Vernières and Le Vieux Berger.

Other websites 
 http://www.roquefort.fr/

French cheeses
Legnica

Legnica () is a city in Poland. The river Katzbach runs through Legnica. There live over 100,000 people. The city is in west part of Poland (near Germany and Czech border). Legnica is near a bigger city, Wrocław.

Legnica is in the middle of Silesia. The area used to be part of Prussia, and Legnica was the capital of one of the three Silesian government areas (Regierungsbezirk).

History

Silesia, a Prussian Province, was divided in 3 administrative regions (Regierungsbezirk): Liegnitz, Breslau and Oppeln.

The Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz comprised the following districts:

Urban districts ()
Glogau
Görlitz
Hirschberg
Liegnitz

Rural districts ()
Bunzlau
Fraustadt
Freystadt
Glogau
Görlitz
Goldberg
Grünberg
Hirschberg
Hoyerswerda
Jauer
Landeshut
Lauban
Liegnitz
Löwenberg
Lüben
Rothenburg
Sprottau

Education

National Colleges 
 Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Legnicy
 Politechnika Wrocławska (affiliate in Legnica)
 Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych w Legnicy

Not national Colleges 
 Wyższa Szkoła Medyczna w Legnicy
 Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Legnicy
 Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania/ The Polish Open University
 Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu
 Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Legnickiej

Secondary schools 

 I Liceum Ogólnokształcące 
 II Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 III Liceum Ogólnokształcące 
 IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 V Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 VI Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 VII Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Akademickie Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Katolickie Liceum Ogólnokształcące
 Liceum Ogólnokształcące w Zespole Szkół Integracyjnych im. Piastów Śląskich
 Zespół Szkół Budowlanych
 Zespół Szkół Ekonomicznych
 Zespół Szkół Elektryczno-Mechanicznych
 Zespół Szkół Medycznych
 Zespół Szkół Przemysłu Spożywczego
 Zespół Szkół Rolniczych im. Wincentego Witosa
 Zespół Szkół Samochodowych
 Zespół Szkół Technicznych i Ogólnokształcących im. H. Pobożnego
 Zespół Szkół Włókienniczych

Junior highs 
 Gimnazjum nr 1
 Gimnazjum nr 2
 Gimnazjum nr 3
 Gimnazjum nr 4
 Gimnazjum nr 5
 Gimnazjum nr 6
 Gimnazjum nr 7
 Gimnazjum nr 8
 Gimnazjum nr 9
 Gimnazjum nr 10
 Gimnazjum nr 11
 Gimnazjum nr 12
 Gimnazjum nr 13
 Gimnazjum nr 14
 Gimnazjum im. św. Franciszka z Asyżu
 Gimnazjum Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego
 Prywatne Gimnazjum
 Gimnazjum TWP (at I Liceum Ogólnokształce)

Primary schools 
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 1
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 2
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 4
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 6
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 7
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 9
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 10
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 12 (belongs to borstal)
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 13 (at welfare aid)
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 16
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 18
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 19;
 Szkoła Podstawowa nr 20
 Szkoła Podstawowa Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego
 Szkoła Podstawowa (private school)

Cities in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube

Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, usually called Cruzeiro EC or  Cruzeiro, is a Brazilian football team from the city Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The team was founded on January 2, 1921. They are usually called the raposa, which means fox in Brazil. They are also called the celeste which means celestial because their logo and name refer to a constellation. Currently the team disputes the second division of the Brazilian championship.

Name
 1921–1941 S.E. Palestra Itália
 1942–present Cruzeiro E.C.

League title 
 Copa Libertadores 2
(1976, 1997)
  Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 3
(1966, 2003, 2013, 2014)

References

Related pages
 List of Brazilian football teams

Brazilian football clubs
Belo Horizonte
1921 establishments in Brazil
Flag of Estonia

The flag of Estonia has three colours and is made of three equal horizontal bands coloured blue (top), black, and white (bottom). Blue mirrors the sky, black the colour of the soil and national coat, and white the peoples' happiness and light. In Estonian language it is called the "sinimustvalge" (literally "blue-black-white"), after the colours of the bands. The flag was designed in the 1880s and adopted when Estonia became independent in 1918.

National symbols of Estonia
Estonia
Coat of arms of Estonia

The coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes three slim, blue leopards (or lions passant guardant) in the middle, with oak branches along the side of the shield.

The coat of arms of Estonia has existed long before they were official recognized after the War of Independence between 1918 and 1920, when the Republic of Estonia was internationally recognized.

The symbol has been in use since the 13th century, where  the big coat of arms was used for the capital city, Tallinn. The origin of the slim blue lions can be traced back to the King of Denmark at the time, Valdemar the Second. As Denmark was the ruling power of Northern Estonia at the time, it imposed the coat of arms upon the state.

Estonia
Lions in heraldry
National symbols of Estonia
Ichthyology

Ichthyology is the scientific study of fish.
The term Ichthyology which is derieved from following two Greek word 'Ichthyus' means fish and 'logos' means knowledge.
It includes hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish), cartilagenous fish (such as sharks, skates and rays) (Chondrichthyes) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes). 

A person who studies fish is called an ichthyologist.

References 

Branches of zoology
Fish
Indre, Loire-Atlantique

Indre is a city in France at the Atlantic Ocean. It is the south eastern end of the Brittany.

Indre has about 3,643 inhabitants.

St.Hermeland's Church 

Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Apatosaurus

Apatosaurus is a sauropod dinosaur which lived in the Upper Jurassic period. It is in the same family as Diplodocus. Brontosaurus was once thought a later name for Apatosaurus, but is now proved to be a separate genus.

Apatosaurus grew as big as 21 meters long, 4.5 meters tall at the hip, and weighed up to 23 metric tons. It ate plants. Its bones have been found in Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Utah.

When it was first found, scientists thought that Apatosaurus lived partly under water, since it could not hold its own weight on dry land. Now they think it lived on dry land, probably in herds.

The cervical vertebrae were less elongated and more solid than those of Diplodocus. The bones of the leg were much stockier (despite being longer), implying a more robust animal. The tail was held above the ground during normal locomotion. Like most sauropods, Apatosaurus had only a single large claw on each forelimb, with the first three toes on the hind limb possessing claws.

There are at least two species of Apatosaurus:
 A. ajax was discovered by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1877.
 A. louisae was discovered by William Holland in 1915.
 Another dinosaur species discovered in 1994 was at first named A. yahnahpin, but in 1998, it was renamed Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin.

Lifestyle 

It was believed throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries that sauropods like Apatosaurus were too massive to support their own weight on dry land. It was theorized that they lived partly submerged in water, perhaps in swamps. Recent findings do not support this. Sauropods are now thought to have been fully terrestrial animals. A study of diplodocid snouts showed that the square snout, large proportion of pits, and fine, subparallel scratches of the teeth of Apatosaurus suggests it was a ground-height, nonselective browser. It may have eaten ferns, cycads, seed ferns, horsetails, and algae.

Important issues like heat control, metabolic rate and respiration are still unclear. Some scientists state that the heart would have had trouble sustaining sufficient blood pressure to oxygenate the brain. Others suggest that the near-horizontal posture of the head and neck would have eliminated the problem of supplying blood to the brain because it would not have been elevated.

James Farlow calculates that an Apatosaurus-sized dinosaur about  would have had  of fermentation contents (food being digested). "The heat of fermentation may have been a significant source of thermoregulatory heat for these reptiles".

References 

Diplodocids
Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League (German: die Hanse, Dutch: de Hanze, Estonian: hansa, Latvian: Hanza Polish: Hanza, Swedish: Hansan) was an alliance of trading guilds. These guilds established and maintained a trade monopoly over the Baltic Sea and most of Northern Europe. This monopoly lasted for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Many cities were part of it.

Cities that are still called Hansestadt 
The following cities were part of the Hanse. They carry the word Hansestadt (Hanseatic City) as part of their official city name:

Anklam
Bremen
Demmin
Greifswald
Hamburg
Lübeck
Lüneburg
Rostock
Stralsund
Wismar

 
1358 establishments
1350s establishments in Europe
Baltic Sea
Steve McClaren

Steve McClaren (born 3 May 1961) is a former English football player and manager.

References

1961 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
People from York
Eredivisie managers
Condom, Gers

Condom (), also called Condom-en-Armagnac or Condom-sur-Baïse, is a commune in southwestern France in the department of Gers, Occitanie region, of which it is a subprefecture.

Name of the city
The name Condom comes from the Gaulish (an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Europe) words condate-ó-magos which means "market of the confluence". Condatómagos later became Condatóm and then Conddóm. The spelling Condom first came from Latin in the 10th century as  or .

The name of the town has nothing to do with the condom, which in French is called . There used to be a museum of condoms in Condom, but it closed in 2005.

History
After the colonization of the area by the Romans, the Abbey of Saint Pierre was built in 1011. During the Hundred Years' War, the city was taken twice by the English. The Saint Pierre Cathedral was begun in 1507.

Way of St. James
Condom is a town on the Via Podiensis (the Le Puy Route), one of the three major French pilgrimage routes of the Way of St. James. This particular route begins in Le Puy and ends in Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. Pilgrims came to Condom from Miradoux and continue on to Larressingle.

Geography
Condom is a commune found along the Baïse river, between Armagnac and Agenais. Condom is the main town of the Condomès or Ténarèze region.

The commune has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Condom is surrounded by the communes:
 Gers department: Gazaupouy, Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon, Caussens, Béraut, Maignaut-Tauzia, Cassaigne, Larressingle and Larroque-sur-l'Osse,
 Lot-et-Garonne department: Lannes et Moncrabeau.

Climate
The climate of Condom, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Condom are known, in French, as Condomois (women: Condomoises).

With a population of 6,835 (2014), Condom has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Condom

Economy
The commune of Condom depends mainly of the agriculture, the tourism and the trade.

Important agricultural products are Armagnac (an alcoholic beverage like a brandy), Floc de Gascogne (a regional apéritif) and foie gras.

Places of interest
Some of places of interest are:
 Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Condom (Saint Peter's Cathedral)
 The cloister of the Cathedral.
 Saint-Jacques church
 Musée de l'Armagnac, a museum of the Armagnac drink.

Gallery

Sister cities
Condom is twinned with:
  Grünberg, Hesse, Germany
  Toro, Castile and León, Spain

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Condom
 Communes of the Gers department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 
 Office de Tourisme - Condom/La Ténarèze 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Gers
Trojan horse (computing)

For the original from Greek mythology, see Trojan Horse.

In computing, a Trojan horse (also written as trojan) is malicious software that misleads users of its true purpose. Sometimes a Trojan horse does exactly what it claims to do but it also does something else. This is because its real hidden purpose is to perform malicious actions in the background, such as allow a stranger to read and change the computer's information. In some cases the user notices, in other cases they do not. Although a Trojan horse can contain any type of harmful code, many modern forms act as a backdoor, which bypasses normal authentication or encryption in a computer.

Trojans are generally spread by some form of trickery, for example getting users to click on bad popups, Email, text,  attachments, advertisements, or fake device driver updates. A trojan may act as a "backdoor" to the computer, contacting a controller which can then have unauthorized access to the affected computer. Trojans may also access users' personal information such as banking information, passwords, or personal identity.  It can infect other devices connected to their networks. 

It is rare to get a trojan on your computer by merely visiting a website, though it can happen. Usually, though, trojans are attached to something the user downloads, such as music, wallpapers, backgrounds, games, and especially programs (apps). 

Trojans were named after the Trojan Horse in Greek mythology, which was a large wooden horse, given by the Trojans (from Troy) to the Greeks (from Greece) as a gift, but when the Greeks brought it inside their city walls, Trojan soldiers came out and defeated the city.

References 

Malware
Cognac

Cognac is an alcoholic drink. It is made from grapes. It is a kind of brandy. This means there is 40 percent of alcohol or more in it. It is made around the city of Cognac. Only a few very special kinds of grapes may be used to produce the brandy. 

The most important cognac importers are the United States, followed by Great Britain and Japan.

Alcoholic spirits
Den Helder

is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is in the province of North Holland. Den Helder is at the northernmost point of the province, excluding the island Texel. About 60,000 people live there.

Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Cities in North Holland
Municipalities of North Holland
Art of Life

Art of Life was the fourth album by the Japanese band X Japan. It was released in 1993 and contained only a song of 29 minutes of the same name.

1993 albums
Barbecue

Barbecue (or Barbeque, BBQ) is a special type of grill. It is also a way to prepare meat which is then cooked with a barbecue sauce. It is especially popular in Australia and in certain parts of the United States.  

Barbecue cooking is often done very slowly.  It is not as hot as grilling.  Some meats must be cooked slowly to be tender, and easy to chew.  Sometimes, meat may be slowly cooked for 8 to 24 hours on a barbecue.

Variation

United States
In the United States, people barbecue chicken, beef and pork, depending on the part of the country.  Barbecuing is very popular in the Central and Southern U.S., especially in Texas with beef and Kansas City and North Carolina with pork.  In the United States barbecued meat is usually covered in barbecue sauce, a type of thick, dark red sauce that often contains spices, tomatoes, and honey.  Very often, American barbecue grills get heat from hickory wood.

In California, it was common to barbecue beef in a hole in the ground rather than a grill.  This is called a "pit barbecue".

Greece 
In Greek cuisine, a barbecue is called a skara.
A Greek skara is typically used to grill various cuts of meat, such as steak, koftas, pork, souvlaki, chicken wings and chicken breasts. Greek salad and other cold foods accompany the meal.

Brazil 
A Brazilian barbecue is called a Churrascaria.

Images

Related pages 
 Asado

References

Cooking methods
American food
Cow Belles

Cow Belles is an American produced Disney Channel original movie. It was shown on television on March 26, 2006. This movie stars Aly and AJ of Aly & AJ.

Plot
Two spoiled sisters (Aly & AJ) are rich, but their father and the family have many losses, forcing the girls to do dairy farm work. Courtney (AJ) still saves party money enough to save the family. Taylor (Aly) decides to give up the money after she was told not to just to save the family. Soon the girls learn a lesson about friendship, sisterhood, and love, and that it is better to choose brains of bronze.

Disney movies
2006 movies
Television movies
English-language movies
Legacy

In law, a legacy is something that someone gets by inheritance, or by a will.  In historical terms, a legacy is something that is handed down from one period of time to another period of time. Often it means something handed down from an ancestor or predecessor.

In loose terms, it is sometimes said that countries or civilization can leave a legacy, such as an idea that will be remembered for a long time. That is clearly an extension of its original meaning(s) which were about individual people.

Buddha  Confucius and other religious and philosophical teachers have left moral legacies. 

More than 2,000 years ago the Greek Mathematician, Euclid of Alexandria, collected and wrote down ideas about geometry and measurement in a text called Elements. Students still use these ideas when they learn about mathematics. Other sciences also owe inherited much from Ancient Greece, and science, in general, is a system of legacies. Greek science developed from Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian science, as Islamic science used its legacy rather than those of other cultures. Renaissance science built on its predecessors, as did modern science.

In Athens, citizens voted on what the city would do. This early form of democracy is a cultural legacy. Ancient Rome elected some of their leaders and made Roman laws that became a legal legacy for later civilizations. Roman and Greek architecture are also often imitated, as another kind of legacy.

Some families pass objects and ideas down from generation to generation.  These heirlooms and ideas can also be called legacies.  It may have to do with a person or many people.  Individuals can leave a historical legacy.

Legacy is a similar concept as inheritance and heritage. It is something we inherit from past generations and pass to our future generations. Usually, heritage refers to material and economical inheritance, while legacy refers to immaterial and cultural inheritance.

When software source code is reused in new software development, the old code is often called legacy code.

References 

Property law
Lulu (singer)

Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie (born 3 November 1948), best known by her stage name Lulu, is a Scottish pop singer and actress. Her most famous hit is the song "Shout". 

Lulu's first hit was the song "To Sir with Love", which was the title song of the 1967 movie To Sir, with Love, which was also her movie debut. 

In 1969, she represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest. Lulu tied for first place alongside three other countries due to no tie-breaking rule. 

She sang the title song of the 1974 James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun.

She was a contestant in the 2011 series of Strictly Come Dancing.

Other websites 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish movie actors
Scottish pop singers
Scottish television actors
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Catanzaro

Catanzaro () is an Italian city in Calabria. It has 95,099 people.

Regional capitals in Italy
Cities in Calabria
Province of Catanzaro
Vibo Valentia

Vibo Valentia () is an Italian city in Calabria. It has 33,957 people.

Other websites
News and photos about Vibo Valentia 

Cities in Calabria
Capital cities in Italy
Province of Vibo Valentia
Reggio Calabria

Reggio di Calabria (, ;  ) is a city in southern Italy, capital of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, and the  twenty-first most populous city in Italy after Modena. Reggio was the capital of Magna Graecia. It was the first city to take the name of Italy, founder of the ononymous name, formerly populated by Italics. It is the third economic centre of mainland Southern Italy, the city proper has a population of more than 200,000 inhabitants spread over , while the fast-growing urban area numbers 260,000 inhabitants. About 560,000 people live in the metropolitan area, recognised in 2015 by Italian Republic as a metropolitan city and is the 100th most populated city in the EU.

Geography
Reggio is located on the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. It is situated on the slopes of the Aspromonte, a long, craggy mountain range that runs up through the centre of the region.

As a major functional pole in the region, it has strong historical, cultural and economic ties with the city of Messina, which lies across the strait in Sicily, forming a metro city of less than 1 million people.

History
Reggio is the oldest city in the region, and during ancient times, it was an important and flourishing colony of Magna Graecia. Reggio has a modern urban system, set up after the catastrophic earthquake of 1908, which destroyed most of the city. The region has been subject to earthquakes.

Economy
It is a major economic centre for regional services and transport on the southern shores of the Mediterranean. Reggio, with Naples and Taranto, is home to one of the most important archaeological museums, the prestigious National Archaeological Museum of Magna Græcia, dedicated to Ancient Greece (which houses the Bronzes of Riace, rare example of Greek bronze sculpture, which became one of the symbols of the city). Reggio is the seat, since 1907, of the Archeological Superintendence of Bruttium and Lucania.

The city centre, consisting primarily of Liberty buildings, has a linear development along the coast with parallel streets, and the promenade is dotted with rare magnolias and exotic palms. Reggio has commonly used popular nicknames: The "city of Bronzes", after the Bronzes of Riace that are testimonials of its Greek origins; the "city of bergamot", which is exclusively cultivated in the region; and the "city of Fatamorgana", an optical phenomenon visible in Italy only from the Reggio seaside.

References

Cities in Calabria
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
Crotone

Crotone () is an Italian city in Calabria. It has 60,517 people. It was founded by Greek colonists in the second half of the 8th century BC and it quickly became one of the most important centres of Magna Graecia (). The city is located on the eastern side of Calabria, near the Ionian Sea and the Esaro river, at 8 meters above the sea level. According to the legend, the name of the city derives from the name of the hero "Crotone", son of Aeacus, who was killed by mistake by his friend Heracles. So, in his honor he founded a city with his name.

Cities in Calabria
Capital cities in Italy
Settlements in Crotone
Common Era

Common Era (CE; )  is a method used to identify a year. It means "a year in our time" (rather than a year a very long time ago). It is the system for recording dates used almost everywhere around the world today. It is in common use. 

CE is an alternative to the AD system used by Christians but the numbering is the same: the year  CE is equally AD  (but usually we just say "the year is ").  AD is an abbreviation of the . The CE method was created as an alternative to AD as not everyone is a Christian. However, the name Christian Era () is another name for Common Era.

When writing about calendars, an era is span of dates, starting from a particular moment in time. In the case of both CE and AD, that start date is approximately the date of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Neither system uses a year zero (0): the year before 1 CE was 1 BCE.

Before Common Era 
Before Common Era (BCE) is the system for the years "Before the Common Era". BCE uses the same numbering as BC (Before Christ). "CE" and "BCE" are placed before the year number. Thus we write "Right now our year is  CE" or "Artaxerxes III of Persia was born in 425 BCE."

Usage of Common Era notation began about 1615 among Christians in Europe, and has been growing among non-Christians and among Christians who desire to be sensitive to non-Christians.

Related pages
 Calendar
Gregorian calendar
 Jewish calendar
Islamic calendar

Calendars
Radian

A radian is a unit of measuring angles. It is shown by the symbol "rad" or, less often, c (for circular measure). The radian was once an SI supplementary unit, but was changed to a derived unit in 1995. A radians arc length is equal to the radii from the circle it is part of.

Usage
Most people who do mathematics or physics use radians, rather than degrees, because some kinds of calculations, mostly in trigonometry and calculus, are simpler when using radians rather than degrees. Thus, most calculations related to angular frequency (such as angular velocity) use radians per second. 

People who look through a telescope or sniper scope often use milliradians to describe distances as seen through it.

Conversion
1 radian is equal to about 57.3°. There are 2π radians (about 6.28 radians) in a full circle. The formula for turning radians to degrees and vice versa is:

or:

we can also say that:

.

Related pages 

 Steradian
 Tau, the measure of a full circle in radian
 Unit circle

References 

Angles
SI derived units
Taoyuan City

Taoyuan City () is a special municipality of Taiwan, Republic of China, in the northwestern part of the island, next to New Taipei City. Taoyuan District is in this municipality and serves as the seat of Taoyuan City.

"Taoyuan" means "peach garden," since the area used to have many peach blossoms. Taoyuan is the native home to the Pingpu tribe of Aborigines. It is now an important industrial region of Taiwan. Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, which serves Taipei, is inside this county.

Administrative divisions
Taoyuan City controls 13 districts.

Education 
Chien Hsin University

Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites 
Official website 

Cities in Taiwan
Taoyuan
Tainan County

Tainan County (Chinese:台南縣; Taiwanese: Tâi-lâm-koān) is a county in Southern Taiwan .  The name "Tainan" means simply "Southern Taiwan".

Townships

Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites 
Government website  | (English) 

Counties of Taiwan
Hsinchu County

Hsinchu County (Chinese:新竹縣; POJ: Sin-tek-kōan) is a county in northwestern Taiwan. The population is mainly Hakka; there is a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county.

Management 
Hsinchu County controls one township-level city (縣轄市), three city-townships (鎮), and nine rural townships (鄉).

Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites 
Government website  | (English) 

Counties of Taiwan
Xindian District

Xindian District (Chinese: 新店區; POJ: Sin-tiàm-khu) is a district in the southern part of New Taipei City of the Republic of China. It has been historically spelt as Sindian (Tongyong Pinyin) or Hsintien (Wade-Giles) and Xindian (Hanyu Pinyin) on road signs in Taipei City. Sindian is the Tongyong Pinyin spelling of the city's name.

Geography 
 Location: Latitude 24.57°N, Longitude 121.32°E
 Area : 
 Population: 300,283 people ()
 Households: 107,878

Attractions 
 Bitan (碧潭) 
 Bitan Bridge {碧潭橋)
 Chung-yiang villages (中央新村)
 Feitsui reservoir(翡翠水庫)
 Wulai (烏來)

Other websites 
 Household registration office 

Settlements in Taiwan
New Taipei
Apia

Apia, is the capital of Samoa. In 2001, it had 380,800 people. It is part of the Tuamasaga district. The city is on the northern coast of Upolu Island. It is the nation's major port and only city. Fish and copra are the country's major exports, and cotton goods, motor vehicles, meats, and sugar are the major imports.

Location 
Apia () is on a natural dock at the mouth of the Vaisigano River. It is on a narrow coastal plain with Mount Vaea (height 472 m) directly to its south. Two main ridges run south on either side of the Vaisigano River, with roads on each sides. The more western of these is Cross Island Road, the fewer roads crossing to the south coast of Upolu.

Other city 
Mulinu'u, the old capital, is the location of the Parliament House (Fale Fono) and the historic observatory, which is now the meteorology office. In 1983, the Apia Samoa Temple was built here by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Transport 

National capitals in Oceania
Samoa
Funafuti

Funafuti is the capital of the small island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 4,492 (2002), making it the most populated atoll in this country. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 meters wide. There is an airstrip, hotel (Vaiaku Langi Hotel), and administrative buildings, as well as homes, constructed both in the traditional manner, out of palm fronds, and more recently out of cement blocks. The most prominent building on Funafuti atoll is the Church of Tuvalu. Other sites of interest are the remains of American aircraft that crashed on Funafuti during World War II, when the airstrip was used by the American forces to defend the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati). The United States claimed Funafuti until a treaty of friendship was concluded in the late 70's or early 80's.

The largest island is Fongafale. On this island, there are four villages, of which one is Vaiaku, where the government is. The capital of Tuvalu is sometimes given as Fongafale or Vaiaku, but the entire atoll of Funafuti is actually the capital.

Islands in Funafuti 
There are at least 33 islands in the atoll. The biggest is Fongafale, followed by Funafala. At least three islands are inhabited, which are Fongafale, Funafala and Motuloa. 

 Amatuku
 Avalau
 Falaoigo
 Fale Fatu (or Falefatu)
 Fatato
 Fongafale
 Fuafatu
 Fuagea
 Fualefeke (or Fualifeke)
 Fualopa
 Funafala
 Funamanu
 Luamotu
 Mateika
 Motugie
 Motuloa
 Mulitefala
 Nukvalevale
 Papa Elise (or Funangongo)
 Pukasavilivili
 Te Afuafou
 Te Afualiku
 Tefala
 Telele
 Tengako (peninsula of the island of Fongafale)
 Tengasu
 Tepuka
 Tepuka Vili Vili
 Tutanga
 Vasafua
 And at least 5 other islands

Bays and streets in Funafuti 
 Te Ava Pua Pua
 Te Ava Tepuka Vili

TeNamo Lagoon 
The lagoon surrounded by the atoll is TeNamo. It has a vertical length of more than 20 km. 

National capitals in Oceania
Geography of Tuvalu
Atolls
Cantonese language

Cantonese is an East Asian language which comes from Canton, southern China. Often, people use the word 'Cantonese' to refer to the Guangzhou dialect, Hong Kong dialect, Xiguan dialect, Wuzhou dialect and Tanka dialect of Yue. However, linguists prefer to keep the name 'Cantonese' for the Yue dialect of Guangzhou (Canton) and Hong Kong. Using this classification, Cantonese is the prestige dialect of Yue.

Cantonese is spoken by people in Southern China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore, as well as places with many overseas Chinese who came from Cantonese-speaking parts of China, such as Melbourne. It is also the most common language of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and North America. It is said that over 100,000,000 people speak Cantonese. It is a tonal language with 6 kinds of tones. While Cantonese is only the third most spoken dialect of Chinese, only behind Mandarin and Wu, its official status in Hong Kong and Macau make it widely known among other Chinese dialects.

Even though Cantonese is called a dialect of Chinese, Cantonese is so different from Mandarin, the most spoken dialect of Chinese, that they are mutually unintelligible, meaning that a speaker of one language cannot understand the other language without learning it beforehand. It is said that Cantonese is more closely related to Classical Chinese or the Traditional Chinese than Mandarin.

Cantonese is from the Sino-Tibetan family of languages.

Hong Kong and Macau
In Hong Kong, the official languages are English and Chinese, according to the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The vagueness of listing Chinese as the official language allows for the wide use of Cantonese, as it is called a dialect of Chinese. In Hong Kong, many people speak Cantonese instead of Mandarin, and some may even get offended if you speak Mandarin. Most schools in Hong Kong teach in Cantonese, rather than the language that they speak in Mainland China. 

In Macau, the majority speak Cantonese and it is also the official language with the other being Portuguese. But here the people speak lots of other languages as it is popular with tourists because of its casinos.

References

Sino-Tibetan languages
Languages of China
Kaohsiung County

Kaohsiung County (Chinese:高雄縣; POJ: Ko-hiông-kōan) was a county in southern Taiwan administered as part of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. It was combined with the former Kaohsiung City in 2010 to create a new Kaohsiung City.

District

City

Township

Related pages
 List of counties of Republic of China

Other websites 
 Government website  | (English)