alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
1962 NBA Finals

The 1962 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1962 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1961–62 season. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion Los Angeles Lakers and Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the Celtics' sixth straight trip to the Finals, and they won the best-of-seven series in Game 7, 110–107 in overtime. It was the second time in NBA history and the most recent Finals in which the series was decided by overtime in Game 7. The only other Finals series decided in overtime in the seventh game was the 1957 Finals.

Series summary 

Celtics win series 4–3

Team rosters

Boston Celtics

Los Angeles Lakers

Records 

During the series, Lakers forward Elgin Baylor scored a Finals record 61 points in Game 5 and 284 points total in the series. Celtics center Bill Russell set a still-standing record for rebounds in a 7-game series with 189, and tied his own record for rebounds in a single game with 40 in Game 7.

The potential championship-winner bounces off the rim 

In the last 5 seconds of regulation in Game 7, Laker Frank Selvy missed an open 12-footer from the baseline that would have won the championship for Los Angeles and ended the Celtics dynasty. Instead, the game went into OT in which the Celtics then won the game and thus the title. For the Lakers, it would start the pattern of not winning the big games in the NBA Finals, something that lasted until 1972 when the Lakers finally won their first title in Los Angeles. The Lakers would not defeat the Celtics in the NBA Finals until 1985, which they did on the Celtics' home floor; they lost to the Boston Celtics in 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1984 and 2008. After the 1985 Finals, the Lakers would beat the Celtics in the NBA Finals again in 1987 and 2010, both times in California.

See also
 1962 NBA Playoffs
 1961–62 NBA season

References 

Other sources
"1961-62 NBA Season Summary", basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 28, 2014.

External links
 Sports Illustrated (April 30, 1962) Too Much To Beat This Year 
 1962 Finals at NBA.com
 1962 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Boston
Basketball competitions in Los Angeles
1960s in Boston
NBA Finals
1961 NBA Finals

The 1961 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1961 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1960–61 season. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the fourth and final World Championship Series meeting between the two teams.  It was also Celtics' fifth straight trip to the championship series, and they won the series against the Hawks, 4–1.

, this remains the Hawks franchise's last appearance in the NBA Finals, the second-longest drought behind the Kings franchise who last played in the NBA Finals in 1951.

Series summary

Celtics win series 4–1

Team rosters

Boston Celtics

St. Louis Hawks

See also
 1961 NBA Playoffs
 1960–61 NBA season

Notes

References
 "1960-61 NBA Season Summary", basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 28, 2014.

External links
 1961 Finals at NBA.com
 1961 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Boston
Basketball competitions in St. Louis
1960s in Boston
1960s in St. Louis
Mark Ermler

Mark Fridrikhovich Ermler (; 5 May 193214 April 2002) was a Russian conductor.

Biography
Mark Ermler was born in Leningrad in 1932. His parents were Vera Bakun, a film set designer, and Fridrikh Ermler, a film director. He began to study piano at age 5.

His first conducting appearance at the Bolshoi Theatre was in a 1957 production of Cavalleria rusticana. His other noted operatic engagements included conducting the first performances of Sergei Prokofiev's last opera, The Story of a Real Man.

Ermler was especially noted for his conducting of ballets. He conducted, among others, Swan Lake, Petrushka, The Firebird, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker.  He made complete recordings of all three of Tchaikovsky's ballets and Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet with the orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He became principal guest conductor of the Royal Ballet, London, in 1985.

Ermler died after a rehearsal with the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra. His wife Dina and daughter Masha survived him.

Selected recordings
 Prokofiev – The Story of a Real Man. Bolshoi, 1961. reissued Chandos.
 Prokofiev – Symphony nr 5. Academic symphony orchestra of the Sovjet-Union Melodia. 33C10-09945-6. (LP)

References

External links 
 Obituary

See also 
 Ermler

1932 births
2002 deaths
Russian Jews
Musicians from Saint Petersburg
20th-century Russian conductors (music)
Russian male conductors (music)
20th-century Russian male musicians
21st-century Russian conductors (music)
21st-century Russian male musicians
1960 NBA Finals

The 1960 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1960 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association 1959–60 season. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion  Boston Celtics. It was Boston's fourth trip to the NBA Finals and St. Louis' third. The Celtics beat the Hawks 4–3. The Finals featured Hall of Famers Bill Russell, Bob Cousy, Tom Heinsohn, Bill Sharman, Frank Ramsey, Sam Jones, K.C. Jones, Coach Red Auerbach, Bob Pettit, Cliff Hagan, Slater Martin, Clyde Lovellette.

This was the last time the NBA Finals would be played in March.

Series summary

Celtics win series 4–3

Team rosters

Boston Celtics

St. Louis Hawks

Notes

External links
 1960 Finals at NBA.com
 1960 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Boston
Basketball competitions in St. Louis
1960s in Boston
1960s in St. Louis
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Yuri Simonov

Yuri Ivanovich Simonov (; born 4 March 1941) is a Russian conductor.  He studied at the Leningrad Conservatory under Nikolai Rabinovich, and was later an assistant conductor to Yevgeny Mravinsky with the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra.

Simonov first conducted at the Bolshoi Theatre in 1969, and was named chief conductor of the company in February 1970, the youngest chief conductor in the company's history at that time.  He held the post until 1985.  In 1986, he established the USSR Maly State Orchestra, and subsequently made several commercial recordings with the ensemble.  He became music director of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra in 1998. Outside of Russia, Simonov was music director of the Belgian National Orchestra from 1994 to 2002.

Selected recordings
 Rodion Shchedrin: ballet - Anna Karenina Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra 1980, VAI (DVD)

References

External links
Official webpage of Yuri Simonov
Rayfield Allied agency profile of Simonov

Living people
1941 births
Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni
21st-century Russian conductors (music)
Russian male conductors (music)
21st-century Russian male musicians
1959 NBA Finals

The 1959 NBA Finals, then known as the 1959 NBA World Championship Series, was the championship series of the 1958–59 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1959 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. It was Boston's third trip to the NBA Finals and Minneapolis's sixth. The Boston Celtics swept the Lakers 4–0. That was the start of the skein of the Celtics' eight consecutive championships, from 1959–1966. To date, this is the most recent time that an NBA team from Minnesota appeared in an NBA Finals, as well as the first of two times in NBA history that a team with a losing record made the NBA Finals (the other was in 1981).

Series summary 

Celtics win series 4–0

Team rosters

Boston Celtics
 6 Russell 
 14 Cousy 
 15 Heinsohn 
 16 Swain
 17 Conley 
 18 Loscutoff
 21 Sharman
 23 Ramsey
 24 S. Jones
 25 K. Jones
 29 Tsioropoulos
 Head coach: Auerbach

Minneapolis Lakers
 14 Foust
 16 Garmaker
 19 Mikkelsen
 21 Leonard
 22 Baylor
 23 Ellis
 30 Hamilton
 32 Krebs
 33 Hundley
 50 Fleming
 69 Lindahl
 Coach Kundla

External links
NBA History

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
April 1959 sports events in the United States
Basketball competitions in Minneapolis
Basketball competitions in Boston
1950s in Boston
1950s in Minneapolis
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Alexander Lazarev

Alexander Nikolayevich Lazarev (; born 5 July 1945, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian conductor. He studied at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, and later at the Moscow Conservatory with Leo Ginsbourg. In 1971, he was the first prize winner in a national conducting competition in the USSR.  In 1972, he won a first prize and gold medal in the Karajan conducting competition in Berlin.

From 1987-1995, Lazarev was both chief conductor and artistic director of the Bolshoi Theatre, the first person in over thirty years to hold both positions simultaneously.  From 1992-1995, he was principal guest conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra.  In 1994, Lazarev became principal guest conductor of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra (RSNO).  From 1997-2005, served as principal conductor of the RSNO, and is now its conductor emeritus.
Lazarev was the chief conductor of Japan Philharmonic Orchestra from 2009 September.

External links
Biography

1945 births
Living people
Moscow Conservatory alumni
21st-century Russian conductors (music)
Russian male conductors (music)
21st-century Russian male musicians
1958 NBA Finals

The 1958 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series for the 1957–58 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. It pitted the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks against the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. The Hawks won the series in six games to win the franchise's first and only NBA title. This was the last Finals until 1967 that was not won by the Celtics, and the last until 1971 that was won by the Western Division or Conference.

Recap
After being defeated by the Celtics in Game 7 of the 1957 NBA Finals, St. Louis survived a sometimes difficult 1957-58 NBA season en route to winning the Western Division crown with a 41-31 record. The Celtics, meanwhile, had dominated the Eastern Division with a 49-23 record.

The Hawks upset the Celtics (with a healthy Russell) in Game 1 at the Boston Garden, 104-102. Boston struck back with a wipeout in Game 2, 136-112. In St. Louis, the Hawks prevailed 111-108 in Game 3 when Russell severely sprained his ankle. Without Russell, the Celtics evened the series with a 109-98 surprise victory in Game 4. St. Louis forced a 102-100 win in Game 5 in Boston to take the series lead.

Back home in Kiel Auditorium on April 12, the Hawks weren't about to miss their opportunity to defeat the defending champions. Pettit turned in a spectacular performance. He scored 31 points in the first three quarters, then zoomed off in the final period, nailing 19 of his team's last 21 points. His last two points, on a tip-in with 15 seconds remaining, put the Hawks ahead 110-107. The Celtics scored one final bucket but could do no more. The Hawks finally had a title, 110-109. Pettit had scored 50 points, including 18 of the Hawks' final 21 points in propelling the Hawks to the championship. Pettit's 50 points set a new Finals record for most scored by a player in a series-clinching game, a record that would finally be tied by Giannis Antetokounmpo in 2021
 
Most observers figured that the Celtics probably would have won the 1958 title if Russell had not suffered his ankle injury in game 3. Auerbach, however, found no comfort in that opinion. "You can always look for excuses," he said. "We just got beat."

Series summary

Hawks win series 4–2

Team rosters

St. Louis Hawks

Boston Celtics

See also
1958 NBA Playoffs

References

 1957-58 NBA Season Summary, basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 29, 2014.

External links
NBA History

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Boston
Basketball competitions in St. Louis
NBA Finals, 1958
NBA Finals, 1958
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
DUALabs

DUALabs (National Data Use and Access Laboratories) was the name of an American company that created and disseminated microdata and aggregate data files for the 1960 and 1970 censuses.

Overview
The DUALabs 1960 census microdata file was noteworthy because it was designed to compatible with data from the 1970 census, allowing easy analysis of economic and demographic change between 1960 and 1970. The compatible DUALabs microdata inspired the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series which provides compatible census microdata for the period since 1850.

DUALabs used a proprietary compression algorithm to compress the 1960 and 1970 census data under NSF grant 7249358 to the Center for Research Libraries. DUALabs also received funding for the project from the Ford Foundation and NICHD (Contract 72-2707). This algorithm made wide dissemination of massive census files feasible for the first time. After DUALabs declared bankruptcy in the early 1980s, however, some data became inaccessible because the decompression software was not generally available to researchers. All DUALabs census data are now recovered, however, and are available through the National Historical Geographic Information System and the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

The company was headed by former Census Bureau employee Jack Beresford (1931–1996), who had worked on the compilation of the 1960 census, and the company headquarters was in Rosslyn, Virginia. 

Other persons associated with this project were Gary Hill who was an employee of DUALabs and subsequently an employee of Donnelly Marketing (Stamford, CT) and CACA in Rosslyn, VA. Also, private sector organizations were members of DUALabs and Spindletop Research, Inc., Lexingon, Kentucky was a member. William (Bill) Davenall, retired, Esri of Redlands, California as their Global Manager of Health and Human Services) and was a professional researcher employed at Spindletop Research (a 501(c)3 associated with the University of Kentucky and the Commonwealth of Kentucky at the inception of DualLabs. (4)2012

Footnotes 

(4) William F Davenhall, Esri, Redlands, California, 2012

References
Ginda, Thomas. Old Census, New Twist; Four Area Districts, Mar 29, 1970. pg. E1

Jacobs, Sanford. "Data Analyst Sues to Save Program Priced at $8,000, Vs. U.S.'s $110 Tag", Dec 18, 1981. p. 25.

Ruggles, Steven, The Minnesota Population Center Data Integration Projects: Challenges of Harmonizing Census Microdata Across Time and Place 2005 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Government Statistics Section, Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association, pp. 1405–1415

Defunct companies based in Virginia
Chape

Chape has had various meanings in English, but the predominant one is a protective fitting at the bottom of a scabbard or sheath for a sword or dagger (10 in the diagram). Historic blade weapons often had leather scabbards with metal fittings at either end, sometimes decorated. These are generally either in some sort of U shape, protecting the edges only, or a pocket shape covering the sides of the scabbard as well.  The reinforced end of a single-piece metal scabbard can also be called the chape.

The scabbard chape is not to be confused with the chappe, a French term - rain-guard in English - on the sword itself, a fitting at the top of the blade in late medieval weapons, just below the crossguard of the hilt. The chappe fitted outside the scabbard, presumably helping to hold the sword snugly and preventing rain coming in (4 in the diagram). This would typically have been of leather, though everything about these is uncertain as no original examples have survived, and they are mainly known from art.

Etymology
The word derives from the Latin "cappa", meaning hood or cape, or tip or head.

Archaeology
With the "locket" or "throat" fitting at the top, open, end of the scabbard (9 in the diagram; confusingly, in French this is a chappe), the chape is often the only part of a scabbard to survive in the ground for archaeologists to find.  Notable scabbard chapes include the Germanic Thorsberg chape, with an inscription in runes, from about 200 AD.  A striking silver chape terminating in the heads of animals or monsters from the St Ninian's Isle Treasure is now in the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. This might be Anglo-Saxon or Scottish or Pictish, and dates to about 800 AD.  Perhaps the most interesting period for chapes is Celtic art, where a variety of shapes and ornament were used.

Buckle chape 

A buckle chape is the plate or fitting connecting some buckles to their belt or strap.

Notes

References
 Kavar, Boris and Martina B., in Celtic Art in Europe: Making Connections, Eds, Christopher Gosden, Sally Crawford, Katharina Ulmschneider, pp. 265–271, 2014, Oxbow Books, , Google Books
 Oakeshott, R. Ewart, The Archaeology of Weapons: Arms and Armor from Prehistory to the Age of Chivalry, Dover Military History, Weapons, Armor Series, 1960, Courier Corporation, 
 Youngs, Susan (ed), "The Work of Angels", Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD, pp. 108–112, 1989, British Museum Press, London, 
 Webster, Leslie, Anglo-Saxon Art, 2012, British Museum Press,

External links

Blade weapons
Metalworking
Archaeological artefact types
Alan Chambers (explorer)

Alan Chambers MBE (born 1968) is a polar adventurer and motivational speaker from Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire.

Born to a family of steel workers, Alan left school and home at sixteen and joined the Royal Marines. Nine months later he completed training and spent the next seventeen years in a front line Commando unit. Alan recalls visiting 50 countries by the time he was 30 years old.

Chambers led the first British team to walk unsupported to the Geographic North Pole from Canada.  After 70 days on the ice, he and Charlie Paton raised the Union Jack at the North Pole at 23:16 hours on 16 May 2000.

Chambers was also instrumental in planning and executing the first Winter crossing of Iceland on skis. Dragging sledges each weighing , Chambers and his team completed the  journey in 47 days.

Aged 32, Chambers was awarded the MBE by Her Majesty the Queen for Determined Leadership in Constant Adversity.

Chambers is a popular motivational and corporate away day speaker on topics including Leading at the Edge, Maintaining Team High Performance, Delivering the Impossible, Managing Adversity, Leadership and Resilience and Setbacks and Doing More with Less.

References

External links
 Alan Chambers' MBE Official Website
 Alan Chambers MBE - Explorer Speaker Bio and Video
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060513233951/http://www.teampolar2000.co.uk/ Original expedition website

1968 births
Living people
Explorers of the Arctic
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Marines ranks
Bridgewater station (NJ Transit)

Bridgewater is a New Jersey Transit railroad station on the Raritan Valley Line, in Bridgewater, New Jersey. The station stands on the site of the former Calco station that served American Cyanamid prior to its closure.

History
The station was reconstructed in 1999 in conjunction with the construction of TD Bank Ballpark, and the ballpark's White Lot is used for station parking. Ticket vending machines were installed on the inbound platform in June 2011.

Bridgewater station is the slated terminus for the proposed restored West Trenton Line service. West Trenton trains will run southwest from here to the West Trenton SEPTA station in Ewing, and continue east along the Raritan Valley Line to its terminus at Penn Station in Newark.

Station layout
The station has two low-level side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms are not accessible. Both are  long and can accommodate two cars.

References

External links

WLABT Commuter Parking lot website

world.nycsubway.org - NJT Raritan Line

NJ Transit Rail Operations stations
Railway stations in Somerset County, New Jersey
Les Lanciers

Les Lanciers or The Lancers is a square dance, a variant of the Quadrille, a set dance performed by four couples, particularly popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a composite dance made up of five figures or tours, each performed four times so that each couple dances the lead part. It exists in many variants in several countries.

Widespread though it was throughout Europe, Les Lanciers became less fashionable by the beginning of the 20th century. It has survived as a popular dance in Denmark to the present day, having been introduced from England in 1860. The Danish dance took its current form before the 1st World War. From the bourgeoisie of Copenhagen it spread through dancing schools in provincial towns and through the landed gentry. It is danced at court, at many university and school gaudies, and at private functions. Les Lanciers is also taught in most of the high schools in Denmark, where it is often performed at the school's gala/prom.

The five tours of the Danish dance are:
La Dorset
La Victoria
Les Moulinets
Les Visites
Les Lanciers

The dances keep getting more advanced, no. 5 requiring very precise timing.

The Kitchen lancers was a more boisterous version of the dance that was popular in the early 20th century. Lancers sets are still danced in Irish set dance.

See also
 Joseph Binns Hart, composer of music for Les Lanciers

References

External links
The Danish music for each part can be found here.
The origins of The Lancers Quadrilles are discussed here.
1854 American sheetmusic for Les Lanciers
various editions at imslp

Country dance
European dances
Dance in England
1957 NBA Finals

The 1957 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1956–57 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1957 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the first trip to the Finals for each team, the first Finals in which both teams competing were making their first appearances since 1951. Red Auerbach became the first head coach to have taken two separate teams to the NBA Finals, having done so with Washington in 1949. The Celtics won the series over the Hawks, 4–3. It remains the only Game 7 in NBA history to be decided in double-overtime.

Game summaries

Celtics win series 4–3

Team rosters

Boston Celtics

St. Louis Hawks

Records
Celtics center Bill Russell set a rookie record for rebounds in a single NBA finals game with 32 in game 7, and averaged an NBA finals rookie record of 22.9 rebounds per game for the entire series.

References

External links
NBA History

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Boston
Basketball competitions in St. Louis
March 1957 sports events in the United States
April 1957 sports events in the United States
1950s in Boston
1950s in St. Louis
1957 in sports in Missouri
1957 in sports in Massachusetts
Yves Lainé

Yves Lainé (born 1937) is a Breton lawyer, politician and companies executive manager, now a writer, arguing for the return of Loire-Atlantique departement in the administrative région of Brittany the reunification and devolution of the historical Brittany.

Born in 1937 in Nantes, he was a director of CELIB (Committee of Breton Interests) and worked as a director of the Nantes-Saint Nazaire Port Authority and Brittany Ferries. He founded the B5 association (B for Brittany and 5 for the 5 Breton departements : Finistère, Côtes-d'Armor, Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine and Loire-Atlantique) and also the vice president of Bretagne Réunie. He wrote L'ambition de Bretagne d'un Nantais in 2002. He is honorary chairman the Breton writers' association, ex-chairman of The Law and Institutions Department in the Institut Culturel de Bretagne (Skol Uhel ar Vro in Breton language). With another Nantes lobby les Transbordés  he proposes to rebuild a new hi-tech transporter bridge in the port within the frames of a Vernian loop (Jules Verne), open for tourism . A large 8 mths debate held by Nantes métropole on the maritime destiny of the town ended in September 2015 and approved many proposals made by Lainé.

Awards 

2012, Received the collar of the Breton Ermine order (ordre de l'Hermine). In June 12013 he was elected Chancellor of this Order.

Writings 

 Europe rends nous la mer (Europe give us back the sea) Sea-trade policy. Essay Ed.CELIB 1972
 1973-1993: vingt ans de navigation Brittany Ferries. Des romantiques aux leaders, Revue du Nord, 1995
 L'ambition de Bretagne d'un Nantais (A Nantais's ambition for Brittany),Essay, Petit Véhicule 2002 
 Désenclavement, un commencement ou une fin ?, in : Fanch Élégoët, Bretagne 2000, Plabennec, Tud Ha Bro, 1986, p. 75-97.
 De la pertinence de sociétés duales (Relevance of a dual society) Contribution World Human Rights Forum 2004 - On line at PlanetAgora.com
 Les ailes et le sang (Wings and blood) Historical novel about war 1914-18 Cheminement 2006; 
 Zouave & communard Historical novel 1870 Cheminement 2008
 Jean-Marie, Chouan de Bretagne (Jean-Marie, Insurgeant in Brittany) Historical novel 1800-1840 Ecrituriales 2012 
 Bretonnitude et autres celt'attitudes sur fond de Brexit . Essay Ecrituriales 2017

See also 

 Reunification of Brittany
 Breton nationalism

References 

1937 births
Living people
Writers from Nantes
Writers from Brittany
French male writers
Politicians from Nantes
Amal Chakraborty

Amal Kanti Chakraborty was the Sheriff of Kolkata for the year 2006. He is a paediatrician in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. As a paediatric surgeon, he heads the department of paediatrics in Ramakrishna Mission Seva Sadan hospital.

References

Medical doctors from Kolkata
Living people
Sheriffs of Kolkata
Indian paediatricians
Year of birth missing (living people)
IPass

IPass may refer to:

 I-Pass, an electronic toll collection system in Illinois, United States
 iPASS (Taiwan), a contactless smartcard used in Taiwan
 iPass (company), a technology company headquartered in California, United States
 A mini-SAS electrical connector
David J. Landau

David J. Landau  (1920 – 1996), also known as Dudek, Janek and Jan, was a resistance fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, in 1944. He is the author of a memoir, Caged (1999), about the wartime experiences of his compatriots.

Life
Landau was born in Warsaw in 1920, into a wealthy Polish-Jewish family. Before World War II, he worked in the family furs business. After the German invasion of Poland Landau became a member of Polish Underground. He fought in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and was captured. Sent to extermination camp, Landau survived by jumping from the train.

After the war, Landau left Poland through Czechoslovakia, Germany and France and finally emigrated to Australia with his wife Luba in 1947. He ran a clothing business there, before turning to real estate. He died in 1996.

In 1999, the Landau family published the first edition of his memoir, Caged, written in the memory of wartime colleagues and those who did not survive but promised themselves: ‘Whoever survives owes it to us to tell the story.’ His writing was encouraged by others, and the work was completed just days before his passing. The second edition of Caged was published in 2000 by Pan Macmillan in Sydney, Australia.

Some writers on the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, most notably Moshe Arens, accept Landau's book uncritically and treat it as an entirely reliable and accurate account of the struggle waged by the Jewish Military Union (ŻZW) (in whose ranks Landau claims to have fought). Historians, however, have raised questions about its credibility and dispute many of the author's claims. In June 2005, in a letter to the editor of the Israel daily Haaretz, Avraham Cykiert of Mulgrave, Australia claimed to have ghost written the book and said that Landau's daughter had "doctored" his manuscript.

Reviews of Caged
Anna Punshon from Burnie Advocate wrote: "Caged is a testament to the bravery against the unimaginable evil and is one of better books I have read in a long time."

"David Landau, a Polish Jew, gives us a rare story of surviving the Holocaust. He was one of the few survivors who fought back against the Nazis. It is a story of a personal tragedy, but it’s also a tale of the resistance, courage and survival, told at a relentless pace..." — Abbey’s Books

Matt Condon wrote in The Sunday Herald, Sydney, on February 11, 2001: "The story of a great hero from WWII has finally emerged from the shadows."

Bibliography
David J. Landau, Caged: A Story of Jewish Resistance (Pan Macmillan Australia, 2000)

References

1920 births
1996 deaths
Polish resistance members of World War II
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising insurgents
Polish emigrants to Australia
1956 NBA Finals

The 1956 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series played at the conclusion of the 1955–56 National Basketball Association (NBA) season. The Philadelphia Warriors defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one. The series is notable for being one of only two Finals in which the two teams alternated home games, the other being in .

Series summary

Warriors win series 4–1

Team rosters

Philadelphia Warriors

Fort Wayne Pistons

See also
1956 NBA Playoffs

References
1955-56 NBA Season Summary, basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 29, 2014.

External links
NBA History

Finals
National Basketball Association Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
March 1956 sports events in the United States
April 1956 sports events in the United States
Basketball competitions in Philadelphia
Basketball competitions in Indiana
1956 in sports in Indiana
1956 in sports in Pennsylvania
1950s in Philadelphia
Sports in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Lesser greenlet

The lesser greenlet (Pachysylvia decurtata) is a small passerine bird in the vireo family. It breeds from northeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador.

This is a common species of lowlands and foothills up to  altitude, where it inhabits forest canopy and edges, and the crowns of trees in tall second growth or semi-open areas. The nest is a deep cup of dead leaves and spiderwebs attached by the rim to branches  high in a tree. The normal clutch is two brown-marked white eggs.

The adult lesser greenlet is  in length and weighs . It has olive-green upperparts and a pale grey head with a white eye ring. The underparts are white with a yellow tinge to the breast and some olive on the flanks. Young birds are duller and brown above, and have a buff tone to the sides of the head and the breast.

There are two races. Nominate H. d. decurtatus which breeds from central Panama southwards has a green crown to the head, and grey-crowned H. d. minor occupies the northern part of the bird's range. The latter subspecies was formerly given species status as the Grey-crowned Greenlet (H. minor) but the two forms interbreed extensively in central Panama and are now considered to be conspecific.

Lesser greenlets feed on spiders and insects gleaned from tree foliage, They also eat small fruits and seeds. They will join mixed-species feeding flocks, and often accompany gnatcatchers, warblers and honeycreepers.

The lesser greenlet has a nasal  call and the song is a whistled , slower and more melodious than that of the yellow-green vireo.

References

Further reading

External links

 
 
 
 

lesser greenlet
Birds of Central America
Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
lesser greenlet
lesser greenlet
Lloyd Leith

Lloyd R. Leith (December 7, 1902 – September 30, 1979) was an American basketball referee and high school coach. The San Francisco, California native officiated 16 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships between 1939 and 1955. He also served as head coach at Balboa High School (1931–36), George Washington High School (1936–42) and Mission High School (1945–72).

External links 
Hall of Fame Entry at HoopHall.com

1902 births
1979 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball players from San Francisco
College men's basketball referees in the United States
High school basketball coaches in California
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Robert Evans (writer)

Robert Neil Evans is a Welsh scriptwriter and actor.

Career 
In 2010, a series of thirteen 30-minute episodes of Evans's sitcom, Sadie J, was commissioned by the children's channel CBBC. Series one of Sadie J began transmitting on 14 January 2011 on the CBBC Channel. Series two started on 25 January 2012, also on CBBC. Series three was commissioned shortly afterwards and began transmitting in January 2013, for a total of 39 episodes. In September 2012, it was announced that Sadie J had been sold to the US cable channel Starz. The series began transmitting there in autumn 2013. Evans is also an actor and has made several cameo appearances in the show as Captain Skylo, star of the fictional TV sci-fi show Space Cargo.

Evans was a writer on Stella for the first four seasons and season 6.

In 2014, Evans created, wrote, and appeared in his own series of six 60-minute shows for ITV, Edge of Heaven. The show is set in a 1980s-inspired bed and breakfast in Margate.

After writing on the Disney series The Lodge in 2016, Evans and the comedy writer and actor Miranda Hart created a show for Disney Europe. It was announced on 13 February 2017 on the British Comedy Guide website that Evans and Hart had collaborated on a ten-part comedy series.

Recognition 
Sadie J was nominated for a children's BAFTA in the best comedy category in 2011.

Stella has multiple BAFTA award nomination and wins, and nominations for RTS and Broadcasting Press Guild Awards.

In 2019 Evans was part of the writing team for Season 2 of Secret Life of Boys, which was nominated for a Kids International Emmy Awards.

References

External links
Robert Evans at Curtis Brown

Living people
21st-century Welsh male actors
Welsh dramatists and playwrights
Welsh male television actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
North Straits Salish language

North Straits Salish is a Salish language which includes the dialects of
Lummi (also known as W̱LEMI,ĆOSEN, Xwlemiʼchosen, xʷləmiʔčósən)
Saanich (also known as SENĆOŦEN, sənčáθən, sénəčqən)
Samish (also known as SI,NÁMEŚ, Siʔneməš)
Semiahmoo (SEMYOME) (also known as Tah-tu-lo) (†)
T'sou-ke or Sooke (also known as Z̓OWC, Tʼsou-ke, c̓awk) (†)
Songhees (also known as LEQEṈI,NEṈ, Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ or Lekwungen or Songish), three speakers (2011)
Although they are mutually intelligible, each dialect is traditionally referred to as if it were a separate language, and there is no native term to encompass them all.

North Straits, along with Klallam, forms the Straits Salish branch of the Central Coast Salish languages.  Klallam and North Straits are very closely related, but not mutually intelligible.

See Saanich dialect for the phonology.

See also

References

External links

An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish
Saanich, North Straits Salish Classified Word List

 
Coast Salish languages
Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast
First Nations languages in Canada
Indigenous languages of Washington (state)
1954 NBA Finals

The 1954 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1953–54 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage. The Lakers won their third consecutive NBA championship and their fifth title in seven years dating from 1949.

Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories, with the Lakers winning the decisive game by a seven-point margin at home. The seven games were played in thirteen days, beginning Wednesday, March 31 and concluding Monday, April 12. The entire postseason tournament spanned 28 days in which both Minneapolis and Syracuse played 13 games.

Series summary

Lakers win series 4–3

Team rosters

Minneapolis Lakers

Syracuse Nationals
 3 King
 4 Schayes
 5 Seymour
 8 Osterkorn
 11 Lloyd
 12 Masino
 15 Kenville
 16 Lavoy
 17 Neal
 Coach Cervi

Television
Game two was the first NBA Finals contest to be carried live on national television, with the DuMont network providing the coverage. Game five was also aired by DuMont, featuring Marty Glickman doing play-by-play and Lindsey Nelson as the color analyst.

References

External links
 1954 Finals at NBA.com
 1954 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

National Basketball Association Finals
Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Minneapolis
1950s in Minneapolis
March 1954 sports events in the United States
April 1954 sports events in the United States
Basketball competitions in Syracuse, New York
Umbilicus chrysanthus

Umbilicus chrysanthus is known for its wide umbilicus. It is a genus of more than 90 species of plants in the family Crassulaceae and its various species have many synonyms. The species may be known as Rosularia or Chiastophyllum.

References

chrysanthus
Flora of the Alps
Flora of Europe
1953 NBA Finals

The 1953 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1953 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1952–53 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage. By winning four games to one, the Lakers won their fifth title in six years dating from 1948, the club's final season in the National Basketball League.

The five games were played in seven days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 4 and 5, in Minneapolis and concluding there on the following Friday. Meanwhile, two mid-week games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 25 days in which Minneapolis played 12 games, New York 11.

Series summary

Lakers win series 4–1

Team rosters

Minneapolis Lakers

New York Knicks

References

External links
 1953 Finals at NBA.com
 1953 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

National Basketball Association Finals
Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in New York City
Basketball competitions in Minneapolis
1950s in Minneapolis
1950s in Manhattan
Rose Hill, Manhattan
Kalyan Mukherjee (politician)

Kalyan Mukherjee () was the deputy mayor of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was elected as a councillor from a ward in the North Kolkata. He is a member of the Revolutionary Socialist Party which is a part of the Left Front. As Deputy Mayor, Kalyan Mukherjee maintains the portfolio of  Water Supply in Ships, Agency & Stores, Mayor In Council.

Notes

Living people
Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) politicians
Politicians from Kolkata
Year of birth missing (living people)
1952 NBA Finals

The 1952 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1952 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1951–52 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage.

Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories, Minneapolis winning the decisive game by a 17-point margin at home on Friday, April 25.

All but Game 7 were played in the teams' secondary arenas: the Lakers played at the Saint Paul Auditorium, while the Barnum circus bumped the Knicks from Madison Square Garden to the 69th Regiment Armory.

The seven games were played in fourteen days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 12 and 13, in Minneapolis/St. Paul and returning to Minneapolis/St. Paul for games five and seven on the following Saturday and Friday. Meanwhile, three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 39 days in which Minneapolis played 13 games and New York 14.

Series summary

Lakers win series 4–3

Team rosters

Minneapolis Lakers

New York Knicks

References

External links
 1952 Finals at NBA.com
 1952 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

National Basketball Association Finals
Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in New York City
Basketball competitions in Minneapolis
1950s in Minneapolis
NBA Finals
1950s in Manhattan
Rose Hill, Manhattan
Customer franchise

A customer franchise refers to the cumulative image of a product, held by the consumer, resulting from long exposure to the product or marketing of the product.

Overview

One of the most positive ways of consolidating the consumer as the most important focus of the organisation is to look on this relationship as a prime asset of the business; one that has been built up by a series of marketing investments over the years. As with any other asset, this investment can be expected to bring returns over subsequent years. On the other hand, also like any other asset, it has to be protected and husbanded. This 'asset' is often referred to as the customer franchise creating satisfaction.

At one extreme it may come from the individual relationship developed face to face by the sales professional. At the other it is the cumulative image, held by the consumer, resulting from long exposure to all aspects of the product or service, and especially to a number of advertising and promotional campaigns. In some markets the customer franchise may be so strong as to be exclusive; in effect giving the supplier a monopoly with those customers.

Even though, Andrew Ehrenberg's work on brand portfolios has shown that consumers may regularly switch brands – for variety – they may still retain an image of the brand; which will swing the balance when their next purchase decision is taken. It may thus still have a value (upon which the advertiser can build) even if the current purchasing decision goes against it. A later decision may, once again, swing in its favour. Even though it is intangible, the customer franchise is an asset in terms of its potential effect on sales.

Cumulative impact
It is based, though, on an accumulation of impacts over time. Unfortunately, too many marketers – particularly those in creative departments within advertising agencies – signally fail to recognise the importance, and long-term nature, of this investment. They treat each new campaign as if it could, and should, be taken in isolation - no matter how it meshes with previous messages which have been delivered to the consumer. The evidence is that the consumer, on the other hand, does not view the advertising and promotion in such lofty isolation; instead he or she incorporates it into their existing image - to good or bad effect, depending upon how well the new campaign complements the old.

Brand franchise
The customer franchise is, to all practical intents, the external alter ego of the brand, and hence can be seen as the mirror image of the brand franchise. The brand is how the producer typically sees the (internal) investment. The customer franchise is the outcome of that internal investment; the counterbalancing entry with the customers.

See also
 Brand loyalty

References
D. Mercer, ‘'Marketing'’ (Blackwell, 1996)

Customer experience
1951 NBA Finals

The 1951 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1951 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association 1950–51 season. The Western Division champion Rochester Royals faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Rochester having home-court advantage.

Rochester won the first three games, two at home, but New York won the next three, two at home. It was the first BAA or NBA Finals (spanning 1947 to 1951) that extended to a seventh-game conclusion, a 4-point win by Rochester at home on Saturday, April 21.

The seven games were played in fifteen days, beginning Saturday and Sunday, April 7 and 8, in Rochester and incorporating one game in Rochester on each following weekend. Three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City. The entire postseason tournament spanned 33 days in which both Rochester and New York played 14 games.

The Royals appeared in their first NBA finals by defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons in the semifinals and the two-time defending champion Minneapolis Lakers in the division finals while the Knicks defeated the Boston Celtics in the semifinals and the Syracuse Nationals in the division finals. This was the first finals appearance for both teams, and the first Finals with two teams that had not made a finals appearance since the 1947 BAA Finals.

Series summary

Royals win series 4–3

The Rochester / Cincinnati Royals / Kansas City / Sacramento Kings won their first ever NBA Championship.

Aftermath
This was the first and to date last title for the Rochester Royals, who would move to Cincinnati for the 1957–58 NBA season. The Royals would spend 15 years mired in mediocrity before moving to Kansas City in 1972, changing their name in the process to the Kings. One notable highlight was their appearance in the 1981 NBA Playoffs, in which their 40-42 team reached the Conference Finals before losing to the Houston Rockets who also had a 40–42 record. The Kings moved to Sacramento in 1985. The team reached the conference finals in the 2002 NBA Playoffs, their closest to reaching the NBA finals in recent years. The Royals/Kings have the longest NBA title drought, and also the longest Finals appearance drought in NBA history and actively in all of the American major four pro sports leagues.

This would be the Knicks first of three consecutive appearances in the Finals, but they would lose all three times. They would not return to the Finals until 1970, which they won.

Notes

References

External links
 1951 Finals at NBA.com
 1951 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

National Basketball Association Finals
Finals
Rochester Royals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Sports competitions in New York City
Sports in Rochester, New York
NBA Finals
1950s in Manhattan
Rose Hill, Manhattan
Events in Rochester, New York
Soldiers (food)

A soldier is a thin strip of toasted bread, reminiscent of a soldier on parade. The shape lends itself to dipping into a soft-boiled egg that has had the top removed.

Soldiers are called mouillettes in French, but also Apprête, mouillons, piquettes in French Normand and lichettes in Lorraine Franconian. 

In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported the invention of a device for cutting bread into soldiers.  Shaped cutters to produce soldiers shaped like human soldiers are also available.

History
In 1868 Alphonse Daudet mentions mouillettes in the novel Le Petit Chose :  "A sa gauche, Annou lui taille des mouillettes pour ses oeufs, des oeufs du matin, blancs, crémeux, duvetés". 
The specific english term "eggs with soldiers" appears to date only from the 1960s. The modern phrase first appeared in print in 1966 in Nicolas Freeling's novel The Dresden Green (where it is used to eat soup). It is possible that it was either popularised or invented in 1965 in a series of TV commercials for eggs starring Tony Hancock and Patricia Hayes.

See also
 List of toast dishes

References

Breads
Toast dishes