alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Moravian Slovakia

Moravian Slovakia, also called Slovácko (, older Moravské Slovensko) is a cultural region in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic, Moravia on the border with Slovakia and Austria, known for its characteristic folklore, music, wine, costumes and traditions. The area forms part of both the Zlín and South Moravian administrative regions.

Its main centre is the town of Uherské Hradiště which is located on the Morava River. Other important towns include Uherský Brod, Břeclav, Hodonín, Strážnice and Kyjov. In the 9th century the region of Moravian Slovakia was the centre of the Great Moravian empire.

Subregions
Moravian Slovakia is divided into six subregions: Dolňácko, Horňácko, Podluží, Moravské Kopanice, Hanácké Slovácko and Luhačovické zálesí.

Economy  
Moravian Slovakia is noted for its viticulture.

Language
Natives of this region speak the Eastern Moravian dialects of the Czech language, which are transitional dialects between Czech and Slovak. Due to these cultural and linguistic links to Slovakia, many ethnographers until the 20th century used to consider Moravian Slovaks as a people which politically belonged to Moravia and the Bohemian Crown but ethnographically and culturally to the Slovak ethnic group. Historically, there were also significant numbers of German speakers who also influenced local speech.

Sport
Since 2004, the football club from Uherské Hradiště is named 1. FC Slovácko and is rare example of a Czech club holding the name of its home region and not of its home city or town.

Notable people
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, philosopher, president of Czechoslovakia
Jan Černý, president of Moravia, PM of Czechoslovakia
John Amos Comenius, philosopher, founder of modern education
František Peřina, general, RAF ace
Francis I, Prince of Liechtenstein, ruling monarch
John II, Prince of Liechtenstein, third-longest ruling monarch of Europe
Václav Nedomanský, Hall of Fame ice hockey player

References

Further reading
 
 Bogatyrev, Petr, Richard G. Crum (1973).The functions of folk costume in Moravian Slovakia. American Anthropologist,Volume 75, Issue 6, page 1896.
 Bogatyrev, Petr, (1971).The functions of folk costume in Moravian Slovakia. Mouton.

External links 

Official tourist portal
The Museum of Moravian Slovakia 
Moravian Slovakia at the South Moravian Region website

 
Moravia
Czech folklore
Yurga

Yurga () is a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River and the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population:

History
It was founded in 1886. Work settlement status was granted to it in 1942; town status was granted in 1949.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Yurga serves as the administrative center of Yurginsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Yurga Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Yurga Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Yurginsky Urban Okrug.

Military
The 74th Motor Rifle Brigade of the Russian Ground Forces is based here.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Kemerovo Oblast
Monotowns in Russia
Osaka (disambiguation)


Osaka or Ōsaka may refer to:
, Japan's third largest city by population, the capital of Osaka Prefecture.
, Japan's second smallest prefecture by area
 in Japan, which includes parts of Osaka and Hyōgo Prefectures
Osaka  may also refer to:

Other locations

Japan
Places called Osaka (小坂, meaning "small hill"):
Osaka, Gifu, former town
Osaka, Gunma former village
Neighbourhoods called Ōsaka  (逢坂, meaning "meeting hill") are situated in the following locations:
Tennōji Ward, Ōsaka 
Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, the location of Mount Ōsaka
Shijōnawate City, Osaka Prefecture
Kashiba, Nara

United States
Osaka, Virginia

Football clubs in Japan
FC Osaka
Cerezo Osaka
Cerezo Osaka Sakai Ladies
Gamba Osaka
Konomiya Speranza Osaka-Takatsuki
Shriker Osaka

Music and film 
Osaka Elegy, a 1936 Japanese film
Osaka Story, a 1999 Japanese drama film
Osaka Monaurail, a Japanese funk band
Osaka Popstar, a punk rock supergroup
Osaka Ramones, a Japanese pop-punk group
 Osaka (album) by The Kickovers
 "Osaka", a song from the Hella album Tripper

Other uses
 Osaka (surname), a Japanese surname
 Ayumu Kasuga, character from Azumanga Daioh, nicknamed "Osaka"
 Mari Osaka, a Haitian-Japanese, retired tennis player and fashion designer born in Osaka, Japan
 Naomi Osaka, a Haitian-Japanese, professional tennis player born in Osaka, Japan
 Osaka Siren, an emergency equipment
Theodore Taylor

Theodore Taylor may refer to:
Theodore Taylor (author) (1921–2006), American author
Theodore Taylor (politician) (1850–1952), British businessman and Liberal politician
Ted Taylor (physicist) (1925–2004), American physicist and nuclear weapons designer

See also
Ted Taylor (disambiguation)
Teddy Taylor (disambiguation)
College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac

The College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac (also referred to by its acronym CHST; colloquially, "Pirit") is a private, Catholic basic and higher education institution run by the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit in Tarlac, Philippines. It was established in 1939 as the Catholic Academy of Tarlac.

CHST has three buildings within Tarlac City—the primary, secondary, senior high school education departments are located in San Sebastian Village. It was originally an exclusive school for girls but in 2005, they started admitting male students which resulted to its growing population.

At present, the college has a Level 3 Accreditation Status awarded by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU).

History
Founded by ten prominent men of Tarlac in 1939, the school was initially named as the Catholic Academy of Tarlac. In 1940, it was turned over to the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit (SSpS) and was later named Holy Ghost Institute and Holy Spirit Academy. The first college courses were offered in the academic year 1968. Eventually, it was renamed the College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac.

All classes were held at its campus in Brgy. Mabini until April 1972. In July of the same year, due to its fast growing student population, a new building was constructed at the New Tarlac Heights Subdivision in San Sebastian Village for the College and High School Departments. The College Department occupied the entire building in F. Tañedo St. while another building in Brgy. San Sebastian was being constructed. Since then, the High School Department occupied the original building in San Sebastian.

SSpS was founded by Saint Arnold Janssen, a priest from Germany, as a religious-missionary community. He aimed to form a congregation of sisters who will serve as teachers to young girls, and to assist the missions of the priest.

See also
College of the Holy Spirit  of Manila
School of the Holy Spirit of BF Homes Quezon City
School of the Holy Spirit of Cubao Quezon City
Holy Spirit School of Tagbilaran
Holy Trinity Academy in Loay, Bohol,

Related links
 Society of the Divine Word
 Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit
 Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters

References

External links

Official Facebook Page
Visit Tarlac: College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac
College of the Holy Spirit Web Page
Servae Spiritus Sancti

Universities and colleges in Tarlac
Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines
Catholic elementary schools in the Philippines
Catholic secondary schools in the Philippines
Education in Tarlac City
Educational institutions established in 1978
1978 establishments in the Philippines
Rječina

The Rječina (;  or ), also known as the Fiumara, is a river in Croatia that flows into the Adriatic Sea at the city of Rijeka ().

It is about  long, with an average width of . It springs from a cave at an elevation of  above sea level, below the high cliff of Kičej Hill (elevation ). Until 1870 the river's spring was below the next hill, Podjavorje, but it collapsed in an earthquake near the village of Klana. The most significant confluents are the Sušica, Lužac, Zala, Zahumčica, Golubinka, Ričinica, and Borovšćica, but they are dry for most of the year. In 1968 a dam Valići was built, creating Lake Valići to facilitate a hydroelectric power plant, HE Rijeka, but destroying the village of the same name in the process. The Rječina flows through a canyon for almost half of its length. In Rijeka, the river branches into two parts: Dead Channel (, the old basin), and the new channel, which was created in the 19th century, when Dead Channel was used as a harbor. The best-known sight is the Gaspar Mill () in Martinovo Selo, which was restored in the 1990s. Notable fauna are trout and river crabs.

Border

This river has often been the border between different states. The first time this happened was from the 13th to 16th centuries, when it formed the border between the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen and the Habsburgs. A similar thing  happened in 1868, when the Rječina became the border between the Croatian and Hungarian parts of Austria-Hungary. After World War I it became for a very short time the border between the Free State of Fiume and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After the Free State of Fiume was annexed by Italy, the Rječina became the border river of that country. Since World War II, the Rječina has no longer been a border between states.

References 

Rivers of Croatia
Rijeka
Drainage basins of the Adriatic Sea
Tuymazy

Tuymazy (; , Tuymazı) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located  from Ufa. Population:  It is an industrial town, with petroleum and natural gas industries and mechanical engineering being the most important economic assets.

History
It was founded in 1912 as a railway station and was granted town status in 1960.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tuymazy serves as the administrative center of Tuymazinsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Tuymazy—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Tuymazy is incorporated within Tuymazinsky Municipal District as Tuymazy Urban Settlement.

Demographics
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic composition of the town was:
Tatars: 44.6%
Bashkirs: 25.3%
Russians: 27.7%
other ethnicities include the Chuvash people, the Mari people, Ukrainians, and others

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Official website of the Tuymazy Pedagogical College

1912 establishments in the Russian Empire
Cities and towns in Bashkortostan
Populated places established in 1912
Charterways Transportation Limited

Charterways Transportation Limited was a bus operator in Ontario, Canada. The head office was located in London Ontario.

Of particular note:
 It was one of a few sub-contractors to GO Transit during GO's early years. 
 It also operated municipal transit in Ajax, Ontario from 1969 to 1973. Service was provided using a fleet of school buses, with heaviest ridership between the Pickering Beach area and downtown Ajax.  
 Trial transit operator in Whitby in 1976, then as contractor for Whitby Transit up to the early 1990s
The Company owned National School Bus Company which operated school bus, paratransit and municipal transit in the mid-west and north-eastern United States.
Charterways was acquired and absorbed into Laidlaw's transit operations in August 1996.

References 
 Company History
 A Town Called Ajax, The Ajax Historical Board, 1995

Transport in the Greater Toronto Area
Travelways

Travelways Transportation was a chartered and school bus operator in the Greater Toronto Area and one of a few sub-contractors to GO Transit during the early years. It had operated other transit agencies like:

 Markham Transit 1973-1984
 Burlington Transit
 Beacon Hill Bullet 1971-1973 in Ottawa, Ontario
 Algar Coach Lines Limited in Lindsay, Ontario

The company was based in Markham, Ontario and acquired by Laidlaw in 1979. Renamed Travelways School Transit in 1988, the transit operations were later absorbed into the Laidlaw's transit operations.

Fleet

 Motor Coach Industries MC5
 Motor Coach Industries MC7
 Motor Coach Industries MC8
 Motor Coach Industries MC9

References
 Travelways

Transport in the Greater Toronto Area
Companies based in Markham, Ontario
Illyrius

Illyrius (, Illyriós) is the son of Cadmus and Harmonia, who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the Illyrians. Illyrius/Illyriós/Illyri is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology.

Etymology

In Greek mythology, the name of Illyria is aetiologically traced to Illyrius, the son of Cadmus and Harmonia, who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the Illyrians. A later version of the myth identifies Polyphemus and Galatea as parents of Celtus, Galas, and Illyrius.

Ancient Greek writers used the name "Illyrian" to describe peoples between the Liburnians and Epirus. Fourth-century BC Greek writers clearly separated the people along the Adriatic coast from the Illyrians, and only in the 1st century AD was "Illyrian" used as a general term for all the peoples across the Adriatic. Writers also spoke of "Illyrians in the strict sense of the word"; Pomponius Mela (43 AD) the stricto sensu Illyrians lived north of the Taulantii and Enchele, on the Adriatic shore; Pliny the Elder used "properly named Illyrians" (Illyrii proprii/proprie dicti) for a small people south of Epidaurum, or between Epidaurum (now Cavtat) and Lissus (now Lezhë). In the Roman period, Illyricum, a term which signified a broader region than Illyria, was used for the area between the Adriatic and Danube.

Origins of Illyrius as eponymous progenitor of the Illyrian people

Cadmus and Harmonia 
According to the Bibliotheca, Illyrius was the youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the whole Illyrian people. Illyrius was specifically born during an expedition against the Illyrians on the side of the Enchelii. With Harmonia, Cadmus was also the father of Semele, Polydorus, Autonoe, Agave and Ino. Through Illyrius, Cadmus is considered the ancestor of Illyrians and Theban royalty.

Polyphemus and Galatea

According to the Illyrian Wars of Appian, Illyrius was the son of the Cyclops Polyphemus and his wife Galatea with siblings Celtus and Galas. The children of Polyphemus all migrated from Sicily and ruled over the peoples named after them, the Celts, the Illyrians, and the Galatians. This particular genealogy was most likely composed by the ancient Greek founders of Epidamnus (Corinthians and Corcyrans) and preserved in Appian's work.

Progeny
Illyrius had six sons and three daughters whose names were associated with specific tribes:

Sons
Encheleus (Εγχελέα) of the Enchelaeae 
Autarieus (Αυταριέα) of the Autariates
 Dardanus (Δάρδανον) mythical ancestor of the Dardani
Maedus (Μαίδον)
Taulas (Ταυλαντά) of the Taulantii
Perrhaebus (Περραιβόν) of the Perrhaebi

Daughters
Partho (Παρθώ) of the Partheni
Daortho (Δαορθώ) of the Daors
Dassaro (Δασσαρώ) of the Dassaretae

Grandsons
Pannonius or Paeon (son of Autarieus) of the Pannonians

Greatgrandsons
Scordiscus (son of Pannonius) of the Scordisci
Triballus (son of Pannonius) of the Triballi

See also
Illyrians
List of ancient tribes in Illyria

References

Citations

Sources

Greek mythology of Illyria
Characters in Greek mythology
Aer language

Aer ( ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 100 people in Sindh, Pakistan and Gujarat, India. It is one of the smallest languages of Pakistan in terms of number of speakers, and is spoken in rural areas of Sindh including Hyderabad, Kot Ghulam Muhammad, and Kunri. Some speakers are also reported to be living in Shaheed Benazirabad, but they have a different culture.

History 
After the Partition of India in 1947, the Muslim speakers of the language migrated to Pakistan, while the Hindu speakers stayed in India. Most of the Aer speakers in Pakistan live in Deh 333, near Hyderabad in lower Sindh. The language was formed in the Indian subcontinent during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire due to the influence of Persian, Arabic, and Turkish on Indian languages.

A 1998 estimate concluded there were around 200 native speakers. Current estimates, however, put the number of speakers at 150, further cementing its 'endangered' status.

Classification 
Aer has been classified as one of the Gujarati languages. Ethnologue reports that the closest language is Kachi Koli and especially its dialects Katai Meghwar and Kachi Bhil, and that most Aer speakers are bilingual in Sindhi. Two varieties of Aer are Jikrio Goth Aer and Jamesabad Aer.

Alphabet 
Aer is commonly not written, but when it is, it is written in a variety of the Arabic script.

References

Languages of Sindh
Indo-Aryan languages
Kumertau

Kumertau (; , Kümertaw) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located  from Ufa and  from Sterlitamak. Population:

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the town of republic significance of Kumertau—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Kumertau is incorporated as Kumertau Urban Okrug.

Demographics
Ethnic composition: Russians: 61.6%; Bashkirs: 16.4%; Tatars: 12.9%; Chuvash people: 4%; others: 5.1%.

Economy
Kumertau Aviation Production Enterprise is located in Kumertau, which produces helicopters (part of the holding Russian Helicopters).

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Bashkortostan
Monotowns in Russia
Neural groove

The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural plate is a thick sheet of ectoderm surrounded on either side by the neural folds, two longitudinal ridges in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo.

The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system.

After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it, the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm.

The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain  (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain  (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form their ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall, the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal.

See also
 Neurulation
 Neural fold
 Neural plate

References

Additional images

External links
 
 
 Diagram at embryology.med.unsw.edu.au

Embryology of nervous system
Badeshi language

Badeshi is an unclassified Indo-Iranian language spoken in northern Pakistan. The language is critically endangered and considered at risk of extinction. In 2018, the BBC found three men who could still speak the language.

Muhammad Zaman Sagar, a field linguist connected to the Forum for Language Initiative, has worked on this language. But as a result of his research during two years, he collected only about one hundred words. In July 2007, he visited the Bishigram Valley again and spent some days with the people there. There are efforts to retain a record of the language by linguist Zubair Torwali among others.

In 2018, BBC reporters found three old men (Said Gul, Ali Sher and Rahim Gul) who could still speak Badeshi in the Bishigram Valley in Northern Pakistan.  They said that the Torwali language had taken over from Badeshi in their village.  The men also had worked in tourist areas in the Swat valley where they spoke Pashto.  Some phrases of Badeshi were:
  - My name is Rahim Gul
  - I speak Badeshi
  - How do you do?
  - I have eaten
  - There is not much snowfall this year

References

External links
 The Badeshi People in Bishigram and Tirat valley, Swat
 Badeshi: Only three people speak this 'extinct' language
 Badeshi bible scripture

Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Indo-Iranian languages
Meleuz

Meleuz (; , Mäläwez) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the bank of the Belaya River, 205 km south of Ufa. Population:

History 
It was a peasant village since 1786. In 1795, 434 people lived in the village, and in 1865, the village had 870 residents. The settlement started developing in the 1930s, when petroleum fields were discovered in the south of Bashkortostan and in the 1970s with the production of mineral fertilizers. It became a town in 1958.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Meleuz serves as the administrative center of Meleuzovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Meleuz—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Meleuz is incorporated within Meleuzovsky Municipal District as Meleuz Urban Settlement.

Climate
The climate of Meleuz is continental with relatively cold winters and hot summers. The average annual temperature is .

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Bashkortostan
Ufa Governorate
NFL Football '94 Starring Joe Montana

NFL Football '94 Starring Joe Montana, released as simply NFL Football '94 in Japan, is a 1993 Sega Mega Drive/Genesis game. It features realistic running commentary while the player engages in exhibition, regular season, or playoff action. It is fifth in the Joe Montana Football series and the fourth to be developed by BlueSky Software. Unlike the earlier Joe Montana Football, this game had both NFL and NFLPA licenses, and as such, contains all of the league's (then) 28 NFL teams, and its players and their attributes for the 1993 season.

References
 Jock Mockery
 GameFAQs (infobox)

1993 video games
Joe Montana video games
NFL Sports Talk Football video games
Sega video games
Sega Genesis games
Sega Genesis-only games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Sam Powell
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Montana, Joe
Montana, Joe
Video games based on real people
BlueSky Software games
Bay City Central High School

Bay City Central High School (BCC) is a high school located at 1624 Columbus Avenue, Bay City, Michigan, United States, and a part of Bay City Public Schools.  Its mascot is the wolf, and its colors are purple and gold.

Building history
The building that is now known as Bay City Central opened March 27, 1922.
The original architectural plans called for two floors, but a third was added to provide room for Bay City Junior College (which now exists as Delta College, and is now located in University Center, Michigan).  The "New Gymnasium" was constructed in 1957, and the cafeteria/commons received major renovations in 1995.  The school's bell tower (which contains two classrooms), as well as a copper-domed observatory on the roof was closed in 1983 due to fire code restrictions and remains unopened to this day.

Demographics 
The demographic breakdown of the 1,193 students enrolled in 2015–16 was:

 White – 78.6%
 Hispanic – 11.8%
 Black – 3.8%
 Multiracial – 3.7%
 American Indian/Alaska Native – 1.3%
 Asian – 0.67%
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander – 0%

 Male – 50.9%
 Female – 49.1%

46.3% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch.

Performing arts

Band
The high school band program hosts several bands like the Jazz Lab, and Central Air Jazz Band, two different steel drum bands, Symphony, and Wind Symphony, and formerly the Bay Youth Symphony Orchestra.

Radio
BCC is the location of the studios and transmitter for WCHW-FM, 91.3, a low power non-commercial FM station run by the students of the Bay City School District.

Choirs
Bay City Central's choir line-up includes mixed choir, concert choir and award-winning varsity choir, Resounding Harmony. It also has small a cappella ensembles, The Girls, The Guys and 6 a.m.

Notable alumni
 Warren Avis, founder of Avis Rent a Car
 Bill Hewitt, American football
 Heidi J. Hoyle, United States Army general
 Trenton Robinson, American Football
 Myra C. Selby, Indiana Supreme Court, First woman, and first African-American Justice of the State of Indiana
John Emil List, Murderer

References

External links

Michigan Center for Civic Education website

Public high schools in Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1922
Bay City, Michigan
Schools in Bay County, Michigan
1922 establishments in Michigan
Mersey Basin Campaign

The Mersey Basin Campaign worked within the catchments of the River Mersey and the River Ribble, in the counties of Lancashire, Merseyside, Greater Manchester and Cheshire and in the High Peak area of Derbyshire in the UK. Its primary goal was to repair the damage done by industrialisation and to foster a modern and prosperous future, with an improved environment.

Mission
The campaign's mission was to:
Improve water quality so that all rivers, streams and waters in the Mersey and Ribble catchments are clean enough to support fish by 2010.
Encourage waterside regeneration
Actively engage the public, private, community and voluntary sectors in the process.

History
The Mersey Basin Campaign was established in 1985 in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool. Michael Heseltine, then Environment Minister in Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government, was the driving force behind its creation. He spoke of the River Mersey at the time as "an affront to the standards a civilised society should demand from its environment". It closed its doors on schedule at the end of its planned 25-year lifespan in 2010, leaving behind a river system that is cleaner now than at any time since the Industrial Revolution.

Organisation
The Mersey Basin Campaign was a partnership backed by the UK Government through the sponsorship of the Department for Communities and Local Government. It was also supported by businesses, local authorities and public agencies.

The campaign worked through two bodies: the Mersey Basin Business Foundation and the Healthy Waterways Trust. The Foundation was responsible for business and administrative tasks, as well as much of the campaign's finances, whilst the Healthy Waterways Trust is a charitable body whose main role was to administer the campaign's charitable funds. The campaign was overseen by its council, which had around 30 members drawn from various public and private sector partners. The Healthy Waterways Trust remains in existence following the end of the Campaign, and continues to advocate for improved water quality and waterside regeneration in the Northwest of England.

The Campaign's last Chair was Peter Batey, Lever Professor of Town and Regional Planning at the University of Liverpool, who served from 2004–2010.

Local action
The Mersey Basin Campaign worked with communities on local projects around the North West of England through a network of action partnerships.

Action Partnerships:

Action Bollin

Action Darwen Valley

Action Douglas and Yarrow

Action Etherow and Goyt

Action Glaze

Action Irk and Roch

Action Irwell

Action Manchester Waterways

Action Medlock and Tame

Action Mersey Estuary

Action Ribble Estuary

Action Rossendale Rivers

Action Upper Weaver

Action Weaver Valley

Action Wirral Rivers

Action Worsley Brooks

External links

From March 2010 until March 2015, an archive of information, resources and documents relating to the Campaign's work will be available at:
 Mersey Basin Campaign website

Basin Campaign, Mersey
Environment of Merseyside
Environment of Cheshire
Luwati language

Luwati (Al-Lawatia, ; also known as Khoja, Khojki, Lawatiyya, Lawatiya, or Hyderabadi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 8,940 people known as the Lawatiya (also called the Khojas or Hyderabadis) in the country of Oman. In total it has been estimated there are 20,000 to 30,000 Lawatiya people. Despite the various names, the Lawatiya refer to the language as Khojki. It is considered an endangered language because a portion of the Lawatiya do not speak Luwati, and it is not continuously passed down to younger generations.

Geographic distribution and status 
The Luwati language is superficially similar to Kutchi, but retains sounds found in other Sindhi languages and Saraiki but that have been lost from Kutchi. Luwati also bears similarities to other languages such as Sindhi, Kachichi, Gujarati, Hindustani and Persian. As with other languages located in Oman, Luwati is influenced by the Omani dialect of Arabic.

Originating from the Pakistani province of Sindh, the Luwati language has had a presence in Oman for nearly four centuries. The language and people were first mentioned historically by the Omani historian Ibn Ruzayq. The Lawatiya appeared to have settled in Oman in waves of immigration from Sindh between 1780 and 1880 bringing the language with them. A number of historians assign an Arab pedigree to the Luwatis. The Luwati speakers inhabited the Arabian Peninsula until their displacement during the 8th century C.E. Others assert that the Luwati speakers originate in Hydrabad. The Luwatis entered Muscat as prosperous merchants and insularized themselves, for the most part, in Sūr al-Luwātiyya in Muttrah, preserving their language.

Luwati is a minority language found in Oman specifically in the capital of Muscat as well as in the coastal towns of Saham, Barka, Khabura, and Musana. It is spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people.

Phonology 

Luwati phonology is simpler than that of Sindhi, having lost the breathy-voiced consonants and simplified the vowel system. All of the implosives, however, are retained.

Vowels

Consonants 

Some consonants are restricted to borrowings, especially from Arabic and Persian,
/x, ɣ, q, ħ, ʕ, z/.

Writing system 
Luwati no longer has a writing system and is only a spoken language. Its script was used by Nizari Ismailis in Punjab, Sindh, and Gujarat to produce a religious corpus.

References

Languages of Oman
Western Indo-Aryan languages
Sindhi language
Sefako Makgatho

Sefako Mapogo Makgatho (1861 - 23 May 1951) was born at GaMphahlele, in the Pietersburg district in the South African Republic (now Limpopo). He was the son of Chief Kgorutlhe Josiah Makgatho of the Makgatho chieftaincy at GaMphahlele.

Before embarking on a political career, Makgato was a teacher and a journalist. Makgatho joined the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) later renamed the African National Congress (ANC). He became its president at the tail end of World War I, in 1917.

As President of the SANNC, Makgatho worked hard to ensure that the movement remained a key factor in the struggle against segregation. It was during Makgatho’s presidency that the ANC is thought to have become radicalized. In 1917 and 1920 Makgatho ensured that the ANC supported the municipal workers strike and the miners’ strike in Johannesburg.

In 1923 he was forced to step down and was replaced by Z. K. Mahabane. Makgatho remained President of the Transvaal ANC until the mid 1930s and continued to exert considerable influence in the movement.

He died on 23 May 1951 aged 90; the same year, Nelson Mandela's son from his first marriage with his wife Evelyn was born. In paying tribute to Sefako Makgatho, Mandela named his son after him.

Legacy 
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University was named after him. Makgatho was posthumously awarded the Order of Luthuli in gold by the South African government.

References

Further reading 

Sonderling, N.E. (ed.) New Dictionary of South African Biography, v. 2.

1861 births
1951 deaths
People from Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality
South African Republic people
Northern Sotho people
Presidents of the African National Congress
South African Methodists
Members of the Order of Luthuli
Shakespeare County Raceway

Located near Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England, Shakespeare County Raceway became a permanent drag racing facility in 1980 when it was known as 'Long Marston Raceway'.

Situated on the former RAF Long Marston station which became Long Marston Airfield, drag racing events occurred on the site sporadically since the early 1970s.

In 1990 the track became known as 'Avon Park Raceway', advertised as "Spectacular drag racing for cars and bikes at the fastest track outside the USA", In 2008 it finally became Shakespeare County Raceway Ltd.

SCR is generally considered to be Britain's 'second' dragstrip after Santa Pod Raceway.

In late 2017, planning applications were submitted by Cala to build initially 400 homes on the site, followed eventually by a further 3,100 to be known as Marston Mead Garden Village.

Local newspaper Stratford Herald reported in December 2017 that a Stratford local council document established that potentially up to £100 million funding from the developer Cala would need to be assured, to be invested widely into infrastructure improvements, including roads, public transport, schools and doctors' surgeries.

Their official website now states the raceway closed in 2018.

References

External links
Long Marston Airfield

Drag racing venues in Europe
Motorsport venues in England
Yelizovo

Yelizovo () is a town in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, located on the Avacha River  northwest of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with a population of

History
Founded in 1848 as the selo of Stary Ostrog (), it was renamed Zavoyko () in 1897, after the Russian admiral Vasily Zavoyko who led the defense of Petropavlovsk in 1854. The village was renamed Yelizovo in 1924. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1964, and town status was granted in 1975.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Yelizovo serves as the administrative center of Yelizovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated as Yelizovo Town Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Yelizovo Town Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Yelizovskoye Urban Settlement within Yelizovsky Municipal District.

Demographics
Ethnic composition (2010):
 Russians – 89.4%
 Ukrainians – 3.5%
 Koreans – 1.5%
 Tatars – 0.6%
 Belarusians – 0.6%
 Others – 4.4%
The town has a small population of Korean people who were descended from North Korean contract workers from 1946.

Transportation and infrastructure
The town's most notable claim to fame is serving as the host for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport, the largest airport on Kamchatka. A major Soviet space telemetry station, NIP-6, was also located nearby.

In Yelizovo, there is a long-wave broadcasting station with a  tall ARRT-Antenna.

References

Notes

Sources

External links 

Cities and towns in Kamchatka Krai
1848 establishments in the Russian Empire
Socialist planned cities
Korean communities in Russia
North Korean diaspora
Ernest L. Ahrons

Ernest Leopold Ahrons (12 February 1866 – 30 March 1926) was a British engineer and author.  He is most noted for his magnum opus, The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825–1925, published posthumously in book form, and for a series originally published in The Railway Magazine "Locomotive and train working in the latter part of the nineteenth century".

Biography
Ahrons was born in Bradford on 12 February 1866. He worked for the Great Western Railway at its Swindon Works between 1885 and 1890 and then held various engineering posts in Manchester and Egypt and for the British Government up to 1919; he then became a full-time author.

In 1925, The Engineer published a series of articles by Ahrons titled "The British Steam Railway Locomotive from 1825 to 1924", and Ahrons intended to subsequently publish them in book form, taking the story to the end of 1925, but he died on 30 March 1926. The articles were prepared by others for the book which was published in 1927.

Notable publications

References

External links

 Ernest Leopold Ahrons: locomotive historian at www.steamindex.com
 E. L. Ahrons entry in Worldcat

1866 births
1926 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Rail transport writers
Sports Talk Baseball

Sports Talk Baseball, released in Japan as , is a Mega Drive/Genesis baseball video game which features an official MLBPA license as well as most rules and aspects followed by Major League Baseball.

Summary

Unlike real professional baseball however, the game ends when one team has 10 or more runs than the other team (win by domination, or "mercy" rule). Players can play either exhibition, regular season, all-star, or playoff games. It was one of the first video games to feature individual hitting abilities for each pitcher.

The most valuable (hitting) player in the game is Howard Johnson of the New York Mets.  HoJo has the full capability in both running and hitting.  He also has the ability to play infield and outfield.

It is considered to be one of the best baseball video games.  Rant Sports rated it the eleventh best baseball video game in history. Stack rated the game as one of the top 10 video baseball games of all time. Bleacher Report rated Sports Talk Baseball as the twelfth best baseball video game of all time  and referred to it as a "gem."

Features

  Rosters and statistics from the 1991 Major League Baseball season
  All-Star game rosters could be edited, allowing one to create their own team from players from both leagues, including the ability to have multiples of the same player
 Different batting stances
 Submarine-style pitchers

Other information

Live play-by-play commentary
Sports Talk Baseball featured Sega's sports talk speech synthesis for running commentary of each in-game play. It was their second game to feature this technology (Joe Montana II: Sports Talk Football being the first). In order to produce the running commentary, Sega contracted sports announcer Lon Simmons as well as the vocal reproduction company Electronic Speech Systems to record the unique phrases and play calls for the game. Being that several simple phrases had already been recorded in the previous game, much of Joe Montana II: Sports Talk Football's running commentary was reused for Sports Talk Baseball.

Japanese version
Instead of a running commentary, Super League '91 uses a constant soundtrack of Japanese drums during the game and a remix of the umpire voices to a techno tune at the main menu. There is no way to see any advanced statistics other than at the end of the game in the Japanese version (i.e., errors and hits). All the players are shown using hiragana with English letters being used only to show field position and the status of the player.

Sonic the Hedgehog cameo
If the ball is hit far enough, a black-and-white picture of Sonic the Hedgehog appears on a billboard with his name below it can be seen.

References

External links
 
 Watch Sports Talk Baseball gameplay
 Play Sports Talk Baseball online

1991 video games
Major League Baseball video games
Sega Genesis games
Sega Genesis-only games
Sega video games
Sports video games set in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan
Loituma

Loituma is a Finnish quartet whose members combine the Finnish vocal tradition with the sounds of the kantele. Loituma were selected Ensemble of the Year at the 1997 Kaustinen Folk Music Festival.

History
Loituma's initial incarnation was in the autumn of 1989 as a septet called Jäykkä Leipä ("Stiff Bread"), born in the Sibelius Academy's Folk music department. The original lineup included singers Sanna Kurki-Suonio and Tellu Paulasto, who later left for Sweden to join Hedningarna.

Over the years, the group has persistently followed its own musical path, incorporating diverse influences into its music. One of the cornerstones of Finnish folk music is the art of singing, through which the stories and feelings which comprise aspects of the Finnish heritage are conveyed, aided by backing musicians Martti Pokela and Toivo Alaspää. Another cornerstone of Loituma's art is a Finnish folk instrument called the kantele, which is featured in varied ways in their recordings.

Loituma members compose or arrange the tunes themselves, but often use improvisation. Lyrics come from many sources, including two main traditional sources: the Kalevala, the national epic of Finland; and the Kanteletar (Lönnrot's collection of Finnish folk poetry). The lyrics are in Finnish.

Loituma gained great popularity in 2006 when the Loituma Girl (also known as Leekspin), a looped flash animation of an anime girl Orihime Inoue from the Bleach series twirling a leek, set to a scat singing section of "Ievan polkka" from Loituma's 1995 debut album Things of Beauty, was posted in Russian LiveJournal. The animation instantly became an Internet phenomenon and the song clip soon enjoyed overwhelming popularity as a ringtone.

Band members
 Anita Lehtola-Tollin — vocals, 5-string kantele
 Hanni-Mari Autere — vocals, fiddle, 5-string kantele, alto recorder, double bass, Lapin drum
 Sari Kauranen — kanteles, vocals
 Timo Väänänen — kanteles, vocals

Discography

Albums 
 Loituma (released in Finland in 1995) / Things of Beauty (released in the United States in 1998)
 Kuutamolla (released in Finland in 1998) / In the Moonlight (released in United States in 1999)

Singles

References

External links
 Loituma on MySpace

Finnish folk musical groups
Musical groups established in 1989
Finnish musical quartets
A cappella musical groups
Quiet World

Quiet World were an English pop rock band formed by The Heather Brothers John, Lee, and Neil Heather in 1969; to record their concept album The Road. The group consisted of John (vocals, songwriting), Lea (vocals, songwriting), and Neil (songwriting), as well as future Genesis member Steve Hackett (lead guitar) and his brother John Hackett (flute, guitar), Dick Driver (bass) (who would eventually appear in Steve Hackett's band), Gill Gilbert (backing vocals), Phil Henderson (keyboards), Eddy Hines (flute), and Sean O'Mally (drums).

A 7" single "Miss Whittington" / "There is a Mountain" was released on the Dawn label in 1969 (as The Quiet World of Lea & John) and Quiet World released their debut album The Road in 1970. Shortly thereafter, Steve Hackett left to join the progressive rock group Genesis as lead guitarist.  The album was re-released on CD in 1999 .

The Heather Brothers went on to international success with their musicals, A Slice of Saturday Night, Lust and thriller Blood Money. Their shows have enjoyed hundreds of productions worldwide and have been translated into nine languages. They also wrote, directed and produced two films, Seriously Twisted and The Big Finish, and wrote the stage musical, Camp Horror.

Phil Henderson composed the score for The Far Pavilions at Shaftesbury Theatre, London, in 2005. The Philip Henderson Orchestra features on Steve Hackett's Feedback 86 album.

Personnel
 Dick Driver - upright bass, electric bass
 Gill Gilbert - backing vocals
 Steve Hackett - electric & acoustic guitars
 John Hackett - flute, acoustic guitars
 John Heather - lead vocals, acoustic guitars, songwriting
 Lea Heather - lead vocals, percussion, songwriting
 Neil Heather - songwriting
 Phil Henderson - piano, organ, trumpet, recorder, arrangement, backing vocals
 Eddy Hines - flute, saxophone
 Sean O'Mally - drums, percussion

Discography
The Road (1970; Dawn)

References

External links 
 
 

English pop rock music groups
Vilyuchinsk

Vilyuchinsk () is a closed town in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, located on the Kamchatka Peninsula about  across Avacha Bay from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Population:

History
It was founded as Sovetsky () on October 16, 1968 through the amalgamation of three earlier settlements which supplied the Soviet Navy and served as a base for submarine construction: Rybachy, Primorsky, and Seldevaya. In 1970, as with other closed towns in the Soviet Union, it was given a code name based on the nearest major city, becoming known officially as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky-50 until 1994. In 1994, the town was renamed after the nearby volcano, Vilyuchik.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Vilyuchinsk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Vilyuchinsk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vilyuchinsky Urban Okrug.

Economy
Besides the construction of nuclear submarines, the town's economy is largely reliant on fishing and processing of fish. In the suburb of Rybachy, one of the three original settlements from which the town was created, a squadron of submarines of the Russian Pacific Fleet has been based since August 1938. The local ship-repair industry began to develop in late 1959.

Despite plans for the navy base to be closed in 2003 due to lack of finances, this has continued to operate. The base had been modernized in the late 2000s with newly constructed residential buildings, a hospital, nursery school, and a sports center with a water park opened in 2007 personally by President Vladimir Putin.

Religion
Two Russian Orthodox churches were built in the 1990s, the first in the town.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Official website of Vilyuchinsk
Unofficial website of Vilyuchinsk
Ribachiy Naval Base - 16th. Submarine Squadron at Author's Project "Russia Begins Here..".

Cities and towns in Kamchatka Krai
Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union
Pacific Coast of Russia
Populated coastal places in Russia
Populated places established in 1968
1968 establishments in Russia
1968 establishments in the Soviet Union
Russian and Soviet Navy submarine bases