alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Jón Loftsson

Jón Loftsson (1124–1197; Modern Icelandic: ; Old Norse:  ) was chieftain of Oddi at Rangárvellir in the south part of Iceland.

Jón Loftsson was a member of the Oddaverjar family clan. His parents were Loftur Sæmundsson and Þóra Magnúsdóttir.
His paternal grand-father was Sæmundur Sigfússon (Sæmundr fróði). His maternal grand-father was King Magnus III of Norway. He was educated at Konghelle (Kungahälla) in  Bohuslän (Båhuslen) which at that time a royal center of the Kingdom of Norway. Jón Loftsson was married to Halldóra Brandsdatter with whom he had several children.

Jón Loftsson was one of the most popular chieftains and politician of his age in the country. The poem Nóregs konungatal was composed for Jón Loftsson and recounts his descent from the Norwegian royal line.  At a young age, the great scholar Snorri Sturluson was fostered and educated by Jón Loftsson. In 1179, he participated and was victorious in the conflicts between bishops of the Diocese of Skálholt and  secular rulers. Known as Staðarmál, the conflict dealt principally with  control over Church lands. After Jón died the family at Oddi was still the most powerful family in Iceland but their power soon began to go downhill after his death.

References

External links
 Islendingabók (Book of Icelanders)

 1124 births
1197 deaths
Jon Loftsson
Jon Loftsson
Goðar
Plum Grove, Mississippi

Plum Grove is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi. Plum Grove is located south of Columbus.

Plum Grove is served by a community center.

Plum Grove was once home to an elementary school and 4-H club.

Sylvester Harris, a citizen of Plum Grove, received national attention when he called President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and successfully implored him to prevent Harris' farm from being foreclosed.

Notable person
 Sam Hairston, Major League Baseball catcher

References

Unincorporated communities in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Francis Eliot

Francis Eliot may refer to:

 Francis Perceval Eliot (1755–1818), English soldier, auditor, and man of letters
 Francis Breynton Eliot (1781–1855), military officer

See also
 Francis Elliot (1851–1940), British diplomat
 Francis Elliott (disambiguation)
 Frances Reed Elliot (1892–1965), American nurse
Gruffydd ap Madog Fychan

Gruffydd ap Madog Fychan was according to some sources the son of Madog Fychan the hereditary Prince of Powys Fadog between 1304 and c. 1325.

Biography
It seems unlikely that Gruffydd ap Madog Fychan ever inherited the throne of Powys Fadog and he may have died before his father. He was married to Elizabeth Strange and was the grandfather of Owain Glyndŵr.

His son, Gruffydd Fychan II appears to have inherited the titles Lord of Glyndyfrdwy and Cynllaith Owain directly from Madog Fychan sometime around 1325.

References

Welsh royalty
14th-century Welsh people
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Buckingham Lake

Buckingham Lake, commonly referred to as Buckingham Pond or Rafts Pond, is a body of water located in a residential area of Albany, New York.  It has a surface area of  and a mean depth of three feet. The lake is adjacent to Buckingham Lake Park, a small recreation area with picnic tables and playground equipment.  Three fountains help aerate water during the warmer months, while ice-skating often takes place on the lake's frozen surface during the winter. Wildlife at the lake includes ducks, Canada geese and red-winged blackbirds. The lake is surrounded by a gravel path that is a few feet wide. Streets that border the lake include Berkshire Boulevard, Euclid Avenue, Lenox Avenue, and Colonial Avenue.

External links

Buckingham Pond Conservancy

Geography of Albany, New York
Lakes of New York (state)
Lakes of Albany County, New York
2nd Golden Laurel Awards

The 2nd PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1990, were presented at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 5, 1991 after the winners were announced in February. The awards were presented by Ted Turner.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

References

 1990
1990 film awards
1990 television awards
Neil Ayres

Neil George Ayres is an English short fiction writer, born in east London in 1979. He grew up in Tower Hamlets, Essex and Spain.

His fiction includes the literary novel, Nicolo's Gifts, and short speculative fiction published in many international small and independent press publications, including Apex Digest, Electric Velocipede (his story "Sundew" received an honorable mention in the Year's Best Fantasy and Horror 2004), Trunk Stories and online at Infinity Plus, Cabinet des Fees, The Future Fire and Simulacrum.

His non-fiction has appeared in Aesthetica magazine and on LauraHird.com.

Neil has worked for Battersea Dogs' Home, Nature, Time, The Economist and Design Week.

He lives in Surrey with his partner and their dog.

In 2005 he project managed and helped launch Book of Voices: a short story anthology for Sierra Leone PEN, for Flame Books. The collection included stories by award-winning authors such as Patrick Neate, Gregory Norminton, Tanith Lee, and Jeffrey Ford. (Ford's story was reprinted by Ellen Datlow in The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror 2005. Ayres' story What's in the Box, Fox? received an honorable mention from Kelly Link and Gavin J Grant.)

His story, Twenty-One Again, was included in The Elastic Book of Numbers, which won the British Fantasy Society award for best anthology.

The same year he also edited The Minotaur in Pamplona for D-Press, two chapbooks including work by Lavie Tidhar, Rhys Hughes, Brian Aldiss and Catherynne M Valente. Steve Redwood's story, Circe's Choice also received an honorable mention.

In summer 2007 his novelette, Skipping Stones, written with E. Sedia, is to be published as the follow-up to Hal Duncan's premiere chapbook from Jessup Publishing.

Neil maintains a blog with Cambridge-based writer and Macmillan New Writing author Aliya Whiteley.

External links
 Author's blog

1979 births
English science fiction writers
Living people
Trinity, Mississippi

Trinity is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi. Trinity is located south of Columbus. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Bryans Store.

A post office operated under the name Trinity from 1879 to 1903. J. M. Bryan served as the community's first postmaster. Bryan also operated a store in the community.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
History of telecommunications in Malaysia

This article is intended to give an overview of the history of telecommunications in Malaysia.

The first telegraph line 
The first telegraph line connecting to the British Resident at Perak House in Kuala Kangsar to the house of Deputy British Resident in Perak at Taiping, and was laid by the Department of Posts and Telegraph in 1874. This telegraph line measured 42.5km and travelled across a forest at Bukit Berapit, and signalled the beginning of the era of telecommunications in Malaysia. However, during the Japanese occupation in World War II, the telegraph lines were nearly completely destroyed by the Japanese army.

Evolution of telecommunications 
 In 1967, the SEACOM cable line was introduced, connecting Peninsula Malaysia to Sarawak via the South China Sea.
 In 1983, the data telecommunications system was introduced.
 In 1985, ATUR, the first wireless telephone system was introduced by Jabatan Telekom Malaysia (JTM).
 In 1987, JTM was incorporated as Syarikat Telekom Malaysia Berhad (STMB) or Telekom Malaysia (TM) following the National Corporatization Policy, which was launched in the 1980s.
 In 1988, Celcom Sdn Bhd was founded under its name STM Cellular Communications Sdn Bhd. It was the first to provide GSM based mobile services.
 In 1997, Telekom Malaysia introduced CDMA based mobile homeline services.
 In 2003, Celcom Axiata Berhad (formerly Celcom Sdn Bhd) became the first provider to introduce video call based on 3G WCDMA technology.
 In 2008, Packet One Networks Sdn Bhd became the first provider to introduce wireless WiMAX service on 802.16e spectrum technology.
 In October 2010, YTL Communications launch a nationwide WiMAX network offering mobile internet (IEEE 802.16m) subsequently in June 2016, YTL Communication launch its all 4G LTE network in 3GPP band 38 and band 40 to become the largest 4G network in the country
 In 2013, Maxis Berhad (formerly Maxis Sdn Bhd) became the first provider to introduce 4G LTE mobile network before any other service provider.

As of 2022, there are 5 licensed cellular operators in Malaysia: CelcomDigi, Maxis Communications, U Mobile, YTL Communications and unifi mobile (formerly known as webe digital).

End of telegram services 

In June 2012, Telekom Malaysia announced the discontinuation of telegram services with effect from 1 July 2012.

References

External links

Communications in Malaysia
History of Malaysia
British rule in Malaysian history
Bolinhos de bacalhau

(, name in Northern Portugal and Brazil (literally "codfish cakes") or  (, name in Central and Southern Portugal, and in PALOP (literally "codfish pastries") are typically made from a mixture of potatoes, bacalhau (codfish), eggs, parsley, onion and sometimes a hint of nutmeg. They are also commonly referred to as "salt cod fritters" or "salt cod croquettes". The  or  are shaped using two spoons, deep fried and served hot or cold before meals as an appetizer or as a meal itself (usually served with plain or seasoned rice, salad and olives). Ideally, they should be slightly crunchy on the outside and soft and creamy on the inside.

It is called acras de morue in French Antilles.

References 

Portuguese cuisine
Portuguese seafood dishes
Fish dishes
Wells, Mississippi

Wells is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi.
Wells is located north of Columbus. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Marx.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Assam Valley Light Horse

The Assam Valley Light Horse regiment was raised in 1891 and formed part of Indian Volunteer Force, later the Indian Defence Force and finally the Auxiliary Force (India). 

The regimental headquarters was at Dibrugarh in Assam. It was recruited from the European community in Assam—mostly tea planters.
 
A light horse regiment had a rough strength of approximately 400 men and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry.

A few volunteers from the regiment joined Lumsden's Horse in 1899 raised by Colonel Dugald McTavish Lumsden for service in the Boer War and similarly in 1911 a few volunteers took part in the Abor campaign of 1911–12.   

It was not mobilized as a unit during World War I or World War II but individuals did serve, mainly with the British Indian Army.

Military units and formations established in 1891
Indian World War I regiments
Indian World War II regiments
Dibrugarh
The regiment was disbanded when India became independent in August 1947.
4th Golden Laurel Awards

The 4th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1992, were presented at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 1993 after the winners were announced in February. The ceremony was hosted by James Earl Jones and the nominees were announced on February 3, 1993.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

References

 1992
1992 film awards
1992 television awards
Þórðr Kolbeinsson

Þórðr Kolbeinsson (Thordr Kolbeinsson) was an 11th-century Icelandic skald, or poet. He was the court poet of Eiríkr Hákonarson and some 17 stanzas of his poetry on the earl are preserved in the kings' sagas. The following example is from Eiríkr's campaign in England with Canute the Great.

Þórðr is one of the two main characters of Bjarnar saga, where many lausavísur are attributed to him. Þórðr's son, Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, also became a prestigious poet.

References
Þórðr Kolbeinsson All extant poetry
Heimskringla Laing's translation
Knýtlinga saga Extract
Bjarnar saga Hítdælakappa

11th-century Icelandic poets
Bihar Light Horse

The Bihar Light Horse was a mounted infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised on 8 December 1862 as the Soubah Behar Mounted Rifles Volunteer Corps by indigo planters of the Tirhoot and Chapra districts in Bihar in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The regiment formed a part of the cavalry reserve in the Bengal Army (until 1895) and the British Indian Army (until 1947). The regiment was disbanded on the eve of Indian independence on 15 August 1947. 

The regiment was roughly equivalent to a battalion in strength (~ 400 men).

History
When the Indian rebellion of 1857 broke out in India, Fred Collingridge of the Doudpur factory proposed the formation of a defence force for the British residents of Muzaffarpur. 53 Englishmen under the command of Minden James Wilson chose the civil surgeon, Dr. A. Simpson's bungalow for a defence post, calling it "Fort Pill Box" in his honour. In 1862, Collingridge and C. T. Metcalfe, a Joint Magistrate, submitted an application for the raising of a Mounted Volunteer Corps to the Commissioner of the Behar division. Sanction was obtained and on 8 December 1862, the Soubah Behar Mounted Rifles Volunteer Corps was formed. The first commandant was Major James Furlong.

The regiment was renamed the Bihar Light Horse Volunteer Corps on 29 February 1884. Its motto, adopted on 1 April 1917, "Nec Aspera Terrent" (They are not frightened of hardships). It ceased to exist as a Volunteer Corps, becoming the Bihar Light Horse Auxiliary Force, in October 1920.

Uniforms
In 1862, the uniform consisted of a light grey coat with red pipings; grey breeches with jackboots; a helmet with red plume and blue puggry; waist belt, frog, cartouche box; Cap pocket revolver case fitted on to a sword belt. 

In 1875, the uniform became dark blue with white facings, white helmets, blue pantaloons with white stripes and knee boots. Hot weather uniform was white. Khaki uniforms were worn for the first time on 25 January 1894.

Second Boer War
54 officers and men of the regiment were granted leave in 1900 to travel to South Africa to fight in the Second Boer War. For bravery in battle, Captain J. B. Rutherford was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. Sergeant Major C. M. C. Marsham and Corporal Percy Jones received the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

References

Sources
 In Memory of the Bihar Light Horse, available at Bihar Light Horse

Military units and formations established in 1862
British Indian Army cavalry regiments
1862 establishments in India
5th Golden Laurel Awards

The 5th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1993, were presented at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 2, 1994 after the winners were announced in February. The ceremony was hosted by Michael Douglas and the nominees were announced on January 19, 1994.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

References

 1993
1993 film awards
1993 television awards
Whitebury, Mississippi

Whitebury is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi. Whitebury is located southeast of Columbus. Whitebury is located on the BNSF Railway.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Tingwall Airport

Tingwall Airport , also known as Lerwick/Tingwall Airport, is located in the Tingwall valley, near the village of Gott,  northwest of Lerwick in Mainland, Shetland, Scotland. Although it is the nearest airport to Lerwick, it is not Shetland's main airport, which is Sumburgh, rather, it is Shetland's inter-island flight hub.

Tingwall Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P614) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Shetland Islands Council).

It was opened in 1976.

Airline and destinations

Statistics

Accidents and incidents
In 1996, an air ambulance lost altitude while turning to final approach for Runway 2 in strong and gusting winds, crashing 1.5 km short of the runway. The pilot was killed, and the doctor and nurse in the passenger cabin were injured. (Their patient had already been delivered to Inverness.) Lack of adequate ground lighting or other visual cues during the nighttime approach was a factor.

References

External links
Shetland Islands Council – Local Air services 
Airtask – company contracted to operate inter-island flights in Shetland

Airports in Shetland
Mainland, Shetland
Alex Ferguson (disambiguation)

Sir Alex Ferguson (born 1941) is a former Scottish football player and manager.

Alex Ferguson or Alex Fergusson may also refer to:
Alex Ferguson (baseball) (1897–1976), American baseball player
Alex Ferguson (footballer, born 1903) (1903–1974), Scottish football player
Alex Ferguson (footballer, born 1913), Scottish footballer, played for Lochee Harp, St Johnstone, Hibernian, Heart of Midlothian and Rochdale
Alex Ferguson (jockey), British jockey who rode the winning horse in the 2017 Gerry Feilden Hurdle
Alex Fergusson (musician) (born 1952), Scottish guitarist and producer
Alex Fergusson (politician) (1949–2018), Scottish politician

See also
Alexander Ferguson (disambiguation)
Alejandro Ferguson (born 1978), Argentine cricketer
Alexander Ferguson MacLaren (1854–1917), Canadian businessman and politician
Sandy Ferguson (disambiguation)
Woodlawn, Mississippi

Woodlawn is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi. Woodlawn is located northeast of Columbus on Mississippi Highway 12. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Woods Lawn.

The Woodlawn Cumberland Presbyterian Church was founded in the community in 1869.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
6th Golden Laurel Awards

The 6th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1994, were held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 8, 1995. The nominees were announced on January 26, 1995.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

References

 1994
1994 film awards
1994 television awards
Bombay Light Horse

The Bombay Light Horse was raised in 1885 and formed part of Indian Volunteer Force, later (post 1917) the Indian Defence Force and finally (post 1920) the Auxiliary Force (India).

A light horse regiment was roughly equivalent to half a battalion in strength (~ 400 men) and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry.

It was not mobilized as a unit during World War I or World War II but individuals did serve, mainly with the British Indian Army.

The regiment was disbanded when India became independent in August 1947.

References

Military units and formations established in 1885
If (Pink Floyd song)

"If" is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1970 album Atom Heart Mother. This song was one of several to be considered for the band's "best of" album, Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd.

Writing
Written and sung by Roger Waters, like "Grantchester Meadows" before it, "If" carries on a pastoral and folky approach, but instead deals with introspection. The song is in the key of E major.

Live
The song was performed live at a John Peel session on 16 July 1970, at BBC's Paris Theatre, London. Waters performed it on several occasions, during the 1984–85 'Pros and Cons' tour, and in support of Radio K.A.O.S. in 1987. For these performances, "If" was expanded with additional lyrics and chord sequences. The song was later played by Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets in 2018, 2019 and 2022 in a medley with Atom Heart Mother.

Reception
In a review for the Atom Heart Mother album on release, Alec Dubro of Rolling Stone gave "If" a negative review, calling the song "English folk at its deadly worst. It's soft and silly." Dubro said the same for "Fat Old Sun". Rolling Stone would later praise the song in 2007, however, writing "Roger Waters' pastoral ballad on this flawed album was a moving examination of the terror of isolation; Floyd were finally rooting their astral travels in true songwriting." In another positive review, Stephen Deusner of Paste described "If" as one of Roger Waters' best compositions. In another positive review, Irving Tan of Sputnik Music believes "If" contains "very introspective lyrics that end up making a memorable outing", but also believed the track was not as well-written as some of his later and earlier pieces. Tan also believed the track was reminiscent of "Grantchester Meadows", another Waters-penned track from Ummagumma a year before.

Personnel
Roger Waters – lead and backing vocals, classical guitar, bass guitar
David Gilmour – slide electric guitar
Richard Wright – Hammond organ, piano
Nick Mason – drums

References

External links

Pink Floyd songs
1970 songs
1970s ballads
Rock ballads
Songs written by Roger Waters
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters
Song recordings produced by Richard Wright (musician)
Song recordings produced by Nick Mason

he:Atom Heart Mother#צד ב'
FRAM (brand)

FRAM is an American brand of automotive replacement parts offering oil filters, air filters, fuel filters, and similar products. 
 
As of 1936, FRAM produces original equipment for automotive manufacturers.

History
FRAM was founded by T. Edward Aldham and Frederick Franklin in 1932, to develop a replaceable oil filtering element. FRAM incorporated in 1934, averaging a production of 10 filters per day. In 1936, FRAM began its partnership with automotive manufacturers, becoming original equipment on the 1936 Studebaker. In 1945, FRAM received the Army-Navy "E" Award becoming the exclusive manufacturer for filter development. FRAM opened the industry's largest filtration engineering and research facility in 1973.

Advertising
FRAM introduced its first slogan, “The Dipstick Tells the Story” in 1942. FRAM introduced its iconic slogan, “You can pay me now, or pay me later” in 1971.

References

External links
 Official website

American brands
American companies established in 1932
Companies based in Cleveland
7th Golden Laurel Awards

The 7th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1995, were held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 6, 1996.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

References

 1995
1995 film awards
1995 television awards
Punjab Light Horse

The Punjab Light Horse was raised in 1867 and formed part of the Cavalry Reserve in the British Indian Army. The regimental headquarters was at Lahore, in Punjab. The regiment was disbanded following India's independence in 1947 and the division of Punjab between Pakistan and India - the city of Lahore became part of Pakistan.

A light horse regiment was roughly equivalent to a battalion in strength (~ 400 men) and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry.

References

British Indian Army cavalry regiments
Military units and formations established in 1867
Military units and formations disestablished in 1947
Summer '68

"Summer '68" is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1970 album Atom Heart Mother.

Recording 
Written and sung by Richard
 Wright, "Summer '68" was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in July 1970. Its lyrics describe Wright's meeting with a groupie in 1968.

On 4 December 1968, an incomplete version of this song, titled "One Night Stand", was started at Abbey Road Studios. The band kept working on it until 16 December, and it was eventually scrapped by the band on 16 January 1969 after a session at Abbey Road.

Reception 
In a retrospective review for the Atom Heart Mother album, Irving Tan of Sputnik Music gave "Summer '68" a positive review, describing it as "the catchiest and most-accessible track on the album." Tan really enjoyed Wright's vocals, the "bombastic trumpet solo breaks", and believed the track had "a groovy chorus".

In another retrospective review for the Atom Heart Mother album, IGN described "Summer '68" as "a catchy, fast and happy pop tune written and sung by Richard Wright" that's "one of the few songs Wright has ever done for Pink Floyd and it's actually pretty fine."

Personnel 
 Richard Wright – lead vocals, piano, Hammond organ
 David Gilmour – acoustic guitar, classical guitar, backing vocals
 Roger Waters – bass guitar
 Nick Mason – drums, percussion

with:

 Abbey Road Session Pops Orchestra – brass

References 

Songs about nostalgia
Songs about groupies
Pink Floyd songs
1970 songs
Songs written by Richard Wright (musician)
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters
Song recordings produced by Richard Wright (musician)
Song recordings produced by Nick Mason
8th Golden Laurel Awards

The 8th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1996, were held at Universal Hilton Hotel in Hollywood, California on March 12, 1997. The motion picture nominees were announced on January 22, 1997, and the television nominees on February 20, 1997.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

PGA Hall of Fame

References

 1996
1996 film awards
1996 television awards
Gall-inducing insect

A gall-inducing insect is any insect that can cause the growth of galls within plants. There are several groups of insects that meet this description. They include the gall wasps, scales, gall midges, aphids, psyllids and certain species of leafminer flies.

Galls are growth deformities induced in certain plants by various insects which are mostly species-specific. Galls induced by insects can be viewed as an extended phenotype of the inducing insect, and gall-inducing insects specialize on their host plants, often to a greater extent than insects that feed on the same plant without creating galls. 

The gall's form or type depends on what organism is attacking the plant and where the plant is being attacked.

Based on the form, there are two classification systems used to identify the cause of galls: causative agents located outside plant tissues, and those agents located inside plant tissues.

Causative outside agents include:
 Krebs gall is caused by surface agents.
 Filz gall is caused by agents among surface hairs.
 Fold/roll gall is caused by agents within turned-over leaf blades.
 Pouch gall is caused by agents within a cup-like structure that occurs when opposite ends of the infected structure arch upward and form a spherical oval.

Causitive inside agents include:
 Covering gall is caused by agents embedded within a gall when plant tissues rise up and surround the parasite.
 Lysenchyme gall is caused by agents that sink into the plant when the plant cells dissolve away and close around the parasite.
 Mark gall is caused by agents burrowing within plant tissue before gall develops.

This symbiotic relationship is rather one-sided, with not much research verifying any benefit given to the plant species; therefore such insects are most likely parasites of their host plant. The insect that causes the gall formation gets an entire microenvironment or microhabitat provided to it, safe from climate and predation, to grow within, and with a rich supply of food formed within the gall for the insect to feed upon.
Ecologically, gall-inducing insects, because of their creation of a microhabitat, are often attacked by parasitoid or inquiline insects that take advantage of the excess resources the gall-inducer causes the plant to create, often leading to more biodiversity in the ecosystem than what would exist without the presence of gall-inducers. Thus gall-inducing insects are examples of ecosystem engineers.

See also

 List of insect galls

References

Sources
 Darlington, Arnold (1975) The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour. Poole: Blandford Press. .
BWP

BWP could refer to:
 Botswana pula - the currency of Botswana
 BWP: The British Way and Purpose: Directorate of Army Education pamphlets issued during World War II 
 Bradley Wright-Phillips, an English association football player
 Belgische Werkliedenpartij, the Dutch name of the first Belgian socialist party.
 Botswana pula, by ISO 4217 currency code, for Botswana currency
 The Blair Witch Project, a successful low-budget horror film
 the ornithological handbook The Birds of the Western Palearctic
 The Baltimore–Washington Parkway
 Bytches With Problems, a former female rap duo
 Bridgewater Place, a skyscraper in Leeds, England
 Belgisch Warmbloed Paard,
 The Bretton Woods Project, which monitors the World Bank and IMF
 Brutality Will Prevail, a Welsh hardcore band
Jack Wong Sue

Jack Wong Sue,  (12 September 1925 – 16 November 2009), also known as Jack Sue (), was a Chinese Australian from Perth, Western Australia. Wong Sue served as a member of the commando/special reconnaissance section, Z Special Unit, during the Second World War and was decorated with the Distinguished Conduct Medal. After the war, Wong Sue was a businessman, owning a diving store in the Perth suburb of Midland. He was also an author, a guide for tours of Borneo and a musician, who performed with bands in Perth for about 60 years.

War service
On 25 September 1943, Wong Sue joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). During 1945, Wong Sue was among members of Z Special Unit who landed in Borneo, as part of Operation Agas 3. He reached the substantive rank of leading aircraftman, but acted as a sergeant for an extended period and was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM).

In 2010, Australian military historian Lynette Silver disputed claims made by Wong Sue in his memoirs and said that official archives prove that he "lied". In particular, she questioned Wong Sue's claims that he:
 Single-handedly killed a group of Japanese soldiers at Terusan, Borneo in May 1945, thereby saving the life of Lieutenant Don Harlem, as there were no enemy personnel in the area at the time;
 Took part in a raid on the Japanese garrison at Pitas on 13 June 1945, as he is not named in records of the action, and;
 Witnessed the last Sandakan Death March as he was in hospital when it occurred and was elsewhere when the other marches took place.

In early 2011, Jack Wong Sue's son, Barry, released a report in which he refuted the claims made by Silver against his father.

Return to civilian life
Wong Sue was discharged from the RAAF on 21 January 1946, after which he returned to Perth and subsequently opened a retail store devoted to diving equipment in Midland, the first such store in Western Australia. On 13 September 1958, Wong Sue and his family were injured in a car accident near Kalamunda that resulted in the death of the driver of the other vehicle.

His published works include two books published circa 2001: a memoir of his military service, Blood on Borneo, and a collection of anecdotes regarding a 1963 shipwreck, Ghost of the Alkimos. In 2006, Wong Sue was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for "service to the community, particularly through the preservation and recording of military and maritime history." He died in a Perth hospice, aged 84, on 16 November 2009.

See also
 Roland Griffiths-Marsh

References

External links

 Jack Sue WA Skindivers (business homepage)
 Herald Sun obituary
 pacificwrecks.com, "Jack Wong Sue 'Z' Force AKA 13"

1925 births
2009 deaths
Military personnel from Western Australia
Australian people of Chinese descent
People from Perth, Western Australia
Australian recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Z Special Unit personnel
Royal Australian Air Force airmen
1st Golden Laurel Awards

The 1st PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film producers of 1989, were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 28, 1990. The awards were presented by Ronald Reagan.

Winners and nominees

Film

Special

References

 1989
1989 film awards
1989 television awards
Kaze

Kaze may refer to:

 KAZE, an American radio station located in Texas
 KAZe, a Japanese video game developer
 Kazé, a French publishing company
 Kaze-Forces for the Defense of Democracy, a political party in Burundi

Fiction
 Kaze (television show), a 1967 jidaigeki (Japanese period drama)
 Kaze Hikaru, a Japanese manga series by Taeko Watanabe
 Kaze no Stigma, a Japanese light novel series by Takahiro Yamato
 Kaze to Ki no Uta, a Japanese manga series by Keiko Takemiya
 Kaze to Kumo to Niji to, a 1976 Japanese historical television series

Music
 Kaze (band), Japanese pop music duo composed of Shōzō Ise and Kazuhisa Ōkubo
 Kaze (rapper), American hip hop artist from North Carolina
"Kaze" (song), a Japanese nursery rhyme
 "Kaze", a 2004 song by Japanese pop singer Aya Ueto
 "Kaze ga Soyogu Basho", a 1999 song by Japanese pop singer Miho Komatsu
 "Kaze ni Kienaide", a 1996 song by Japanese rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel
10th Golden Laurel Awards

The 10th PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 1998, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 1999. The nominees were announced on January 19, 1999.

Winners and nominees

Film

Television

Special

PGA Hall of Fame

References

 1998
1998 film awards
1998 television awards
Daniel Gaudet

Daniel Gaudet (born August 16, 1959), also known as Dan Gaudet, is a Canadian former artistic gymnast. He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, raised in Toronto, and educated at Agincourt Collegiate Institute and York University. Gaudet  currently teaches mathematics at the United World College of South East Asia in Singapore. He previously taught at the American British Academy in Muscat. He is married (his wife is a teacher who used to work at the same school), and has two daughters.

Career
Gaudet was a skilled gymnast. He competed for Canada in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, in the category of Artistic Gymnastics. He took part in all six events: Floor, Pommel Horse, Rings, Vault, Parallel Bars, High Bar. He placed 9th in Rings. In Individual All-Around, he placed 33rd.

His scores were as below:

Score: 114.600

He was selected to the hall of fame in 2002. At the national finals, Gaudet collected 10 individual medals including three all-round championships. At the OUAA Championships, he collected a total of 21 medals including four all-round titles.

 'A two-time national champion'

References

External links
1984 Olympics Results
UWCSEA website - see staff photos

1959 births
Living people
Canadian academics
Canadian male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Canada
Sportspeople from Moncton
Gluteal artery

Gluteal artery (arteria glutea) can refer to:
 Superior gluteal artery
 Inferior gluteal artery
Ƅ

Ƅ (minuscule: ƅ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet used in the Zhuang alphabet from 1957 to 1986 to indicate the sixth tone, mid-level . The 'b' shape was chosen for the letter because it resembles the digit '6', and the character represents the sixth tone. In 1986, it was replaced by h.

See also
Ƨ ƨ
З з
Ч ч
Ƽ ƽ

Latin-script letters
Jane Eyre (1973 TV series)

Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre (1847) has been the subject of numerous television and film adaptations. This 1973 four-hour literary version was originally broadcast as a five-part BBC television drama serial. It was directed by Joan Craft and starred Sorcha Cusack and Michael Jayston.

Plot
In this version of Charlotte Brontë's novel, Jane Eyre (Sorcha Cusack) is an independent and strong-minded young woman who is hired by Mr. Rochester (Michael Jayston) to work as a governess. What she does not realize is that she must share the estate (and ultimately Mr. Rochester) with his wife, Bertha (Brenda Kempner), who is, by this point in her life, mentally ill and kept locked away in an upstairs attic.

For a full-length summary see: Jane Eyre plot summary.

Cast

Reception
Henry Mitchell in a 21 July 1982 review for The Washington Post noted of the mini-series that "At its best, it sounds like Jane Austen through a glass darkly and that is very good indeed." Richard Shepard's 21 July 1982 review for The New York Times was mixed, noting (of its highly literary style) that the production "is impeccably done, to judge from the first part, and appears to be faithful to the book, but perhaps because of this faithfulness it does not catch fire. It is an enactment from the book, and one must judge for oneself whether to honor or deprecate it for its literary fidelity." Shepard offers high praise of the cast, stating that, "as its heroine, Sorcha Cusack makes an uncommonly strong, yet reserved, Jane. She is not pretty but has a quiet beauty enhanced by a slight smile and an expression that is attractively quizzical. Her soft voice supplies bridging text from the book between scenes. Michael Jayston is craggily handsome and strong and more theatrical in his portrayal of Rochester, the imperious, troubled master whose service she enters and whose heart she captures."

DVD 
The DVD for this series is available, distributed by Acorn Media UK.

References

External links
BBC:A History of Jane Eyre on Screen
Review at JaneEyre.net
 Jane Eyre Multimedia Presentation 
 

BBC television dramas
Television shows based on British novels
Films based on Jane Eyre
1973 drama films
11th Golden Laurel Awards

The 11th Golden Laurel Awards (also known as 2000 Golden Laurel Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 1999, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 2, 2000. The nominees were announced on January 19, 2000.

Winners and nominees

Film
{| class=wikitable style="width="100%"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#abcdef;"| Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|
 American Beauty – Bruce Cohen and Dan Jinks Being John Malkovich – Michael Stipe, Sandy Stern, Steve Golin, and Vincent Landay
 The Cider House Rules – Richard N. Gladstein
 The Hurricane – Norman Jewison, Armyan Bernstein, and John Ketcham
 The Insider – Michael Mann and Pieter Jan Brugge
|}

Television

David O. Selznick Lifetime Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion PicturesJerry BruckheimerDavid Susskind Lifetime Achievement Award in Television
 Aaron SpellingMilestone AwardSherry LansingNova Award for Most Promising Producer
Theatrical Motion Pictures: Robin Cowie and Gregg Hale for The Blair Witch Project
Television: Aaron Sorkin for Sports Night and The West Wing

PGA Hall of Fame
Theatrical Motion Pictures: Robert Evans for Chinatown, Kathleen Kennedy and Steven Spielberg for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Billy Wilder for Some Like It Hot
Television: Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner for The Cosby Show, Jack Webb for Dragnet, and Quinn Martin and Alan Armer for The Fugitive

Vision Award
Theatrical Motion Pictures: Michael Stipe, Sandy Stern, Steve Golin, and Vincent Landay for Being John Malkovich
Television: John Wells for ER, Third Watch and The West Wing

References

External links
2000 PGA Awards - IMDB

 1999
1999 film awards
1999 television awards
2000 in California
Ƈ

Ƈ (minuscule: ƈ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from C with the addition of a hook. It is used in African languages such as Serer.

The minuscule ƈ was formerly used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent a voiceless palatal implosive (current IPA: ). It was withdrawn in 1993.

In Unicode it is U+0187 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK) and U+0188 (LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK).

These letters are contained in the normative part of DIN 91379: "Characters and defined character sequences in Unicode for the electronic processing of names and data exchange in Europe, with CD-ROM".

See also
Ɓ ɓ
Ɗ ɗ
Ɠ ɠ
Ƙ ƙ
Ƥ ƥ
Ƭ ƭ
Ƴ ƴ

References

Latin letters with diacritics
Phonetic transcription symbols
Sajjan (newspaper)

Sajjan Lahore (Punjabi: روزنامہ سجن / ਰੁਜ਼ਾਨਾ ਸਜਣ) was a Punjabi newspaper published from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was the first Punjabi daily newspaper to be published in Pakistan.

Its first issue appeared on 3 February 1989. Is still continued today now in the form of E-Newspaper with the name of SajjanLahore.com, but it was discontinued after that because of financial constraints caused by a lack of advertising revenue from the government and the private sector. It was a venture of Punjabi Promotion Trust. Hussain Naqi was its managing editor, Qaisar Nazir Khawar was its deputy managing editor, whereas Zafrayab Ahmed was its editor. Zafaryab Ahmed died on 25 February 2006.

A number of Punjabi lovers worked in it voluntarily not only in editorial team but also in administrative setup.

See also 
 List of newspapers in Pakistan

References

External links
Sajjan Lahore.

1989 establishments in Pakistan
1990 disestablishments in Pakistan
Newspapers established in 1989
Publications disestablished in 1990
Defunct newspapers published in Pakistan
Punjabi-language newspapers published in Pakistan
Mass media in Lahore
Daily newspapers published in Pakistan
Ents24

Ents24 is a live entertainment website that provides listings, information, and directs visitors to tickets for events encompassing live music, clubbing, cinema, theatre, arts, days out and stand-up comedy. The site contains details of around 100,000 events happening across the UK at any given time, and is visited by around 2 million people every month, making it the UK's busiest ticketing site after Ticketmaster. 

In 2017, 2018 and 2019, Ents24 was nominated for Music Week's Best Ticketing Company award.

The site also allows visitors to track artists and venues, in order to be notified when a new event is added featuring that artist or venue.

Website Features

In addition to providing information about events, the site also allows users to buy tickets in association with many of the UK's best-known online ticket sellers Ticketmaster, See Tickets, Ticketweb, Wegottickets and others, as well as linking to smaller independent retailers.

Ents24 listings can be filtered by genre, location, time frame, level of disabled access, as well as displaying only free events, events with special offer tickets, events from the visitor's tracked artists and other time-sensitive filters (e.g. Artists playing at this year's Brit Awards)

While Ents24 do allow end-users to add events to their database, unlike other events websites, they check all submitted listings manually and often add photographs and additional copy. Listings can be added to the events guide for free.

Ents24 operate a number of email-based services, including a weekly newsletter and 'tour date alerts' which are sent to users when tour dates from one of their selected artists are added to the website. Around two million alerts are sent out each month.

Backstage

In September 2015, Ents24 relaunched their Backstage platform for event organisers, enabling users to list their events, have them promoted to Ents24's large audience and to sell tickets directly, via a partnership with See Tickets.

GigAlert

In October 2015, Ents24 launched the GigAlert app for iPhone 4S and above, allowing users to access its full event listings wherever they are, with or without a data connection, with or without logging in. It also allowed users to receive instant notifications when artists they have chosen to track announce a new show, and receive reminders just before tickets go on sale.

Event Affinity Engine

In late 2017, Ents24 developed its Event Affinity Engine, an innovation that uses data connections to predict events that each individual is most likely to enjoy. The Engine formed the basis for two new tools; Smart Gift Finder, which predicts events, and Find Your Festival, which predicts festivals and rearranges the line-up to match an individual's tastes. The Event Affinity Engine was the sole UK nominee for the Insights & Analytics Award at the 2018 Ticketing Business Awards.

History

The domain name ents24.com was registered in October 1999, and Ents24 was registered as a Limited Company in 2000.

See also 
Other websites offering similar services to Ents24 are:
Bandsintown
Songkick
Lemonrock

Notes

External links
Ents24 website

British entertainment websites
12th Golden Laurel Awards

The 12th Golden Laurel Awards (also known as 2001 Golden Laurel Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2000, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 2001. The nominees were announced on January 10, 2001.

Winners and nominees

Film
{| class=wikitable style="width="100%"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#abcdef;"| Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|
 Gladiator – Branko Lustig and Douglas Wick Almost Famous
 Billy Elliot
 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
 Erin Brockovich
|}

Television

David O. Selznick Lifetime Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion PicturesBrian GrazerDavid Susskind Lifetime Achievement Award in Television
 David E. KelleyMilestone AwardKirk DouglasNew Media AwardBruce LeakNew Technology AwardSidney LumetNova Award for Most Promising Producer
Theatrical Motion Pictures: Greg Brenman and Jonathan Finn for Billy Elliot
Television: Linwood Boomer for Malcolm in the Middle

PGA Hall of Fame
Theatrical Motion Pictures: It Happened One Night and Lawrence of Arabia
Television: The Andy Griffith Show and The Honeymooners

Vision Award
Theatrical Motion Pictures: Fantasia 2000
Television: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

References

 2000
2000 film awards
2000 television awards
2000 guild awards
Seas of Blood

Seas of Blood is a single-player roleplaying gamebook written by Andrew Chapman, illustrated by Bob Harvey and originally published in 1985 by Puffin Books. It forms part of Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone's Fighting Fantasy series. It is the 16th in the series in the original Puffin series (). The title was loosely adapted into a text-based video game by company Adventure Soft.

Rules

The story features an additional game mechanic: both the player's character and their ship have attributes for combat, as there is a combination of land and sea-based combat.

Story
The player takes the role of the captain of the pirate vessel Banshee, and within a 50-day period must overcome both land and sea adversaries to reach the isle of Nippur, in possession of more gold than rival Abdul the Butcher.

Other media
The book was loosely adapted into an Adventure Soft text adventure game Seas of Blood for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and Amstrad CPC.

References

External links
 
 
 

1985 fiction books
Fighting Fantasy gamebooks
Books by Andrew Chapman (writer)

pt:Mares de Sangue