alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces

House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces is a subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee in the United States House of Representatives.

The Chair of the subcommittee is Republican Trent Kelly of Mississippi, the Ranking Member of the subcommittee of Democrat Joe Courtney of Connecticut.

Jurisdiction
The Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee exercises oversight and legislative jurisdiction over the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, Navy Reserve equipment, and maritime programs.

The subcommittee does not have jurisdiction over strategic weapons (weapons of mass destruction), space or NASA, special operations, and information technology programs.

Members, 118th Congress

Historical membership rosters

115th Congress

116th Congress

117th Congress

See also
United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on SeaPower

References

External links
House Armed Services Committee
Subcommittee page 

Armed Services Seapower and Expeditionary Forces
UFC Ultimate Fight Night 2

Ultimate Fight Night 2 was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on October 3, 2005. The event took place at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was broadcast live on Spike TV in the United States and Canada.  The broadcast drew a 1.6 overall rating while going head-to-head with USA Network's WWE Raw in a heated ratings battle. 

This event also marked the first UFC appearance of Thiago Alves, Jon Fitch, Brandon Vera, Spencer Fisher and Brock Larson.

Results

See also 
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 List of UFC champions
 List of UFC events
 2005 in UFC

External links
A Detailed Look at the WWE vs. UFC Ratings Showdown [fully details the ratings for Ultimate Fight Night 2]

UFC Fight Night
2005 in mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts in Las Vegas
2005 in sports in Nevada
Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Las Vegas)
Pau de arara

Pau de arara  is a torture method in which the victim is bound by the ankles and wrists, with the biceps under a pole and knees over it. The pau de arara torture method was widely used by during the military dictatorship in Brazil.

Name 
Pau de arara is a Portuguese term that literally translates to "macaw's perch." The term originates from the habit of tying birds to a pole for sale, where they also hang for transportation.

Torture technique 
Pau de arara is a physical torture technique designed to cause severe joint and muscle pain, as well as headaches and psychological trauma. The technique consists of a bar placed between the victim's biceps and the backs of their knees while their ankles and wrists are tied together. The bar is then suspended between two metal platforms forming what looks like a bird's perch. This arrangement suspends them in such a way as to place their whole weight on the backs of their calves at a considerable mechanical disadvatage, severely straining their muscles, tendons and knees. They can shift some of their weight to the tops of their forearms temporarily to relieve the strain on their legs, but this position is also painful for the same reasons, and since arms are weaker than legs, respite is only momentary. By alternating between the positions to attempt to reduce their pain, eventually both their arm and leg muscles tire leaving them in pain that they are unable to relieve.

This technique is believed to originate from Portuguese slave traders, which used Pau de Arara as a form of punishment for disobedient slaves. Its use has been more recently widespread by the agents of the political police of the Brazilian military dictatorship against political dissidents in the 1960s and 1970s and is still believed to be in use by Brazilian police forces, although outlawed.
This torture technique was also used in Auschwitz during World War II, where it was known as the Bogerschaukel (the Boger's seesaw), named after the SS officer who first applied it, Wilhelm Boger. 

Brazil former president Jair Bolsonaro has cited his support for the technique, saying "the pau-de-arara works. I’m in favor of torture, you know that. And the people are in favor as well."

Pau de arara: la violence militaire au Brésil 
François Maspero published Pau de arara: la violence militaire au Brésil in France in 1971. The book, which discussed military violence in Brazil, was banned in Brazil during the military dictatorship. It was first published in Brazil in 2013.

References

External links 
 A photograph of the pau de arara position

Trucks
Modern instruments of torture
Contemporary instruments of torture
European instruments of torture
Opuwo

Opuwo is the capital of the Kunene Region in north-western Namibia. The town is situated about 720 km north-northwest of the capital Windhoek, and has a population of 20,000. It is the commercial hub of the Kunene Region.

Economy and infrastructure
Opuwo is situated at the intersection of the C41 and C43. There is a small airfield in town, the Opuwo Airport.

Putuavanga Senior Secondary School in town is among the best government schools in the Kunene Region. There is also the Opuwo Primary School  39 teachers and 1,200 learners.

The following organizations and offices are situated in the town: Opuwo Police Station, Opuwo District Hospital, Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Civic Affairs / Regional Civic Registration Office / Kunene Region) and Opuwo Department of Works. There is a Christian church.

Politics
Opuwo is governed by a town council that has seven seats.

Electoral history

History

Etymology
The name Opuwo was given by the commissioner of Ondangwa, Hugo Hahn, who came in search of land to build an office. Upon his arrival, he asked local headmen to give him land where he could build an office. The headmen gave him a small plot, and when the headmen tried to give him more land, Mr. Hahn responded saying "Opuwo (it’s enough for me). I don’t want any more land". That is how Opuwo got its name. The local residents of Opuwo called it Otjihinamaparero at the time, and some still call it that.

Hugo Hahn called the land "Ohopoho Otjitopora", which means "they see the bore hole and their water comes out".  The name Otjihinamaparero was changed to Opuwo in 1974 due to orthographic reform.

Colonial administration
The first office to be established in the Kaokoland area was the colonial administrative office in Swartbooisdrift on the banks of the Kunene River. This was the administrative centre of the area from 1925 to 1939. Afterwards, administrative control of the area shifted to Ohopoho, later called Opuwo.

The police station in Swartbooisdrift was run by Sergeant Herbert, and his aim was to receive the Angola Boers who had trekked to Angola out of refusal to accept the British government in South Africa. Sergeant Basson took over the office at Swartbooisdrift, and excavated Opuwo's first bore hole. Basson had the nickname “Katjiriamakaja” (a person who eats tobacco).

Culture

The Opuwo Town Council hosts the annual Opuwo Trade Fair, which was launched in 2012. The festival combines a modern business exhibition with cultural performances, live shows and entertainment. The Opuwo Trade Fair takes place in the month of May.

References

External links

 https://ehc731.wixsite.com/opuwo/blank
 https://kunenerc.gov.na/
Opuwo website

Populated places in the Kunene Region
Towns in Namibia
The Michelle Apartments

The Michelle Apartments is a 1995 Canadian black comedy film directed by John Pozer and written by Ross Weber.

The film stars Henry Czerny as Alex Hartwell, a government auditor sent to the small town of Walton to review the books of a chemical company. When his hotel room is mistakenly given to another client, he is forced to take a room in the Michelle Apartments, where he is drawn into a romantic attraction to his neighbour Madeline (Mary Beth Rubens), whose husband Dean (Daniel Kash) is in prison. When Dean is released and comes home to find Madeline and Alex kissing, events spiral into a murderous chaos.

The cast also includes Peter Outerbridge, Nancy Beatty and Maria Vacratsis.

The film premiered at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival.

Critical response
For The Globe and Mail, Rick Groen called the film a northern gothic spin on Something Wild, and wrote that "the menace pulls up considerably short of skin-crawling suspense, while the sex lacks any real steam (unless you count a mild flirtation in the laundry room). These gaps may well be deliberate - Pozer's idea of comic dissonance - but the yuks just aren't there." Jay Stone of the Ottawa Citizen lambasted the film, writing that "This is independent cinema at its worst: self-indulgent, incompetent, charmless, empty. Needless to say, taxpayers helped fund it through the Ontario Film Development Corp. and Telefilm Canada. If this is the best we can do, maybe it's time to pull the plug and let Disney take over altogether." Brendan Kelly of Variety said the film "covers 'Twin Peaks'-like turf but just doesn't have enough comic smarts".

Peter Birnie of the Montreal Gazette reviewed the film more favourably, writing that "The Michelle Apartments is unnecessarily busy, especially in cafe scenes cute enough to bounce into a Bounty ad, but there's still strong impetus to Pozer's strange vision. Lynne Stopkewich designs a town of Orwellian disproportions, Peter Wunstorf photographs it all in shades of gaudy menace and Mark Korven's music makes this address arch enough to be fun."

Awards
The film received two Genie Award nominations at the 16th Genie Awards, for Best Sound Editing (Paul Shikata, Tim Roberts, Andy Malcolm, Paul Germann, Steven Munro) and Best Original Score (Korven).

References

External links
 

1995 films
1995 black comedy films
1995 comedy films
1990s Canadian films
1990s English-language films
Alliance Films films
Canadian black comedy films
English-language Canadian films
Films directed by John Pozer
Films scored by Mark Korven
Cranege brothers

Thomas and George Cranege (also spelled Cranage), who worked in the ironworking industry in England in the 1760s, are notable for introducing a new method of producing wrought iron from pig iron.

Experiment of 1766
The process of converting pig iron into wrought iron (also known as bar iron) was at that time carried out in a finery forge, which was fuelled by charcoal. Charcoal was a limited resource, but coal, more widely available, could not be used because the sulphur in coal would adversely affect the quality of the wrought iron.

George Cranege worked in Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, at the ironworks established by Abraham Darby I, and his brother Thomas worked at a forge in Bridgnorth in Shropshire. They suggested to Richard Reynolds, manager of the works at Coalbrookdale, that the conversion process could be done in a reverbatory furnace, where the iron did not mix with the coal. Reynolds was sceptical, but authorized the brothers to try out the idea.

Richard Reynolds, in a letter dated 25 April 1766 to his colleague Thomas Goldney III, described his conversation with the Craneges and the experiment:
 
I told them, consistent with the notion I had adopted in common with all others I had conversed with, that I thought it impossible, because the vegetable salts in the charcoal being an alkali acted as an absorbent to the sulphur of the iron, which occasions the red-short quality of the iron, and pit coal abounding with sulphur would increase it....  They replied that from the observations they had made, and repeated conversations together, they were both firmly of opinion that the alteration from the quality of pig iron into that of bar iron was effected merely by heat, and if I would give them leave, they would make a trial some day.... A trial of it has been made this week, and the success has surpassed the most sanguine expectations.... I look upon it as one of the most important discoveries ever made....

A patent for the process, dated 17 June 1766, in the name of the brothers Cranege, was secured. It apparently made little difference to the lives of the brothers. The process was improved soon afterwards, by Peter Onions who received a patent in 1783, and by Henry Cort who received patents in 1783 and 1784 for his improvements.

References

History of metallurgy
People of the Industrial Revolution
Linda Denham

Linda B. Denham is the co-creator of the Care Bears franchise along with Elena Kucharik, the main artist for the greeting cards in the 1980s.  During that decade, Denham served as Director and Vice President of Marketing for the Kenner toy company; in 1985, she was involved in television commercials for its Baby Alive doll. She is also a member of Sigma Sigma Sigma sorority at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

References

American businesspeople
Living people
1963 births
John Isaac (cricketer)

John Edmund Valentine Isaac (14 February 1880 – 9 May 1915), DSO, was an English first-class cricketer: a right-handed batsmen who played ten matches in South Africa and England between 1906 and 1908. He was born at Powick Court, Worcestershire.

Educated at Harrow School, Isaac's first-class debut came for the South Africa Army cricket team in the only match of that standard they ever played, when they met Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Thara Tswane, Pretoria in January 1906. The MCC side were far too strong for their opponents and won by an innings, Isaac making 0 and 8. This match was chiefly notable for Schofield Haigh's feat of taking four wickets in as many balls in the Army's second innings.

In 1906–07 he played four times for Orange Free State in the Currie Cup, though his highest score was only 34 not out. Curiously, in Isaac's eight visits to the crease he was four times out bowled to a man who would take six or more wickets in that innings (JJ Kotze 8-57, RO Schwarz 7-25, AEE Vogler 6-34 & 8-24).

In 1907 and 1908, Isaac made five appearances for Worcestershire County Cricket Club, but never made more than 13 and never played first-class cricket again.

Death and aftermath
Attached to the 2nd battalion, Rifle Brigade, Captain Isaac was killed in action in World War I, at Fromelles, France at the age of 35 during the northern attack of the Battle of Aubers Ridge on 9 May 1915. Initially posted as missing, his body was recovered in April 1921 and identified by the medal ribbons. He was subsequently reburied at New Irish Farm Cemetery, Ypres, West, Belgium.

Isaac's brother Arthur and nephew Herbert also played first-class cricket.

See also
List of solved missing person cases

References

External links
 
 Statistical summary from CricketArchive

1880 births
1910s missing person cases
1915 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Burials at New Irish Farm Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
British military personnel killed in World War I
English cricketers
Formerly missing people
Free State cricketers
Military personnel from Worcestershire
Missing in action of World War I
Missing person cases in France
People educated at Harrow School
Rifle Brigade officers
Worcestershire cricketers
Sélibaby

Sélibaby () is a capital town  and department of the Guidimaka Region, Mauritania. It is located at around .  It is divided into a number of "quartiers" which include "College", "Silo", 'Ferlo"  , "nezaha" , "saada" , "el jedida" "Bambaradougou" amongst many others.  Selibaby also has a regional hospital, funded by the Chinese government and partially staffed by Chinese doctors and is the headquarters of the regional director of health.  Selibaby is a centre for NGOs who operate in the region.

Climate
Sélibaby has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The city is among the wettest in the country due to its significant exposure to the West African Monsoon, with about  of precipitation falling annually. The average annual temperature in Sélibaby is . 

Guidimaka Region
Regional capitals in Mauritania
Communes of Mauritania
Aleg

Aleg is the capital of the Brakna Region, Mauritania. It is located at .

Background
The town includes the village of 'Elb Jmel, and the village of Lamden which is known as the birthplace of former President of Mauritania, Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi.

References

Regional capitals in Mauritania
Communes of Brakna Region
Sage Derby

Sage Derby  is a variety of Derby cheese that is mild, mottled green and semi-hard, and has a sage flavour. The colour is from sage and sometimes other colouring added to the curds, producing a marbling effect and a subtle herb flavour. The colour is formed either by mixing sage leaves into the curd before it is pressed or by the addition of "green curd" from green corn or spinach juice. In the latter case, the flavour has to be created with colourless sage extract. Parsley, spinach and marigold leaves, bruised and steeped before use, can also be included instead of the sage leaves. It is aged for one to three months.

History
The first production began in the seventeenth century in England. Sage Derby was initially only made for festive occasions such as harvest time and Christmas, but it is now available all year.

References
 

English cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses
Audierne

Audierne (; ) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016 the former commune of Esquibien merged into Audierne.

The town lies on a peninsula at the mouth of the Goyen river and for centuries was a fishing village, with a wide sandy beach. Visitors can take a boat from Audierne's port of Esquibien to the Île de Sein.

The harbour, formerly important to the local fishing industry, is now essentially a yacht port. Remaining of the fishery is an oyster farm, in which the delicacy can be bought. Along the harbour stretches the town's main shopping area with its cafés, bars and restaurants, crêperies, boutiques, estate agents and holiday agencies, the town hall, the tourism office, and the regional bus stop. On Saturday mornings there is a farmers' market, which serves as a meeting place for natives and tourists alike.

History
The battle of Audierne Bay, which took place on 23 August 1944, was an engagement between German and Allied naval flotillas. Three Allied warships, which had already established control off the coast of Brittany and were lurking off Audierne south of the invested fortress of Brest, intercepted and sank eight German vessels of an armed convoy. This was the conclusion of Operation Kinetic, which was an allied operation aimed at intercepting shipping and hindering German forces besieged at Brest.

International relations
Audierne is twinned with Penryn in the United Kingdom and Hattingen in Germany.

Population

Inhabitants of Audierne are called Audiernais.

Gallery

See also
Communes of the Finistère department

References

External links

  
 
 Mayors of Finistère Association  

Communes of Finistère
Communes nouvelles of Finistère
Osismii
Port cities and towns on the French Atlantic coast
Jack Simpson (golfer)

John Simpson (29 December 1859 – 9 July 1895) was a Scottish professional golfer of the late 19th century.

Simpson was born Earlsferry, Fife, and was one of six golfing brothers. He played his golf out of Carnoustie. He was a powerful but erratic player. He won the 1884 Open Championship at Prestwick with a score of 160 for 36 holes, despite taking a nine at his second hole. He did not have any other high finishes at the Open and concentrated mainly on clubmaking. He was the first professional at Buxton and High Peak Golf Club. He died unmarried of typhoid fever in Edinburgh in 1895.

Major championships

Wins (1)

Results timeline

Note: Simpson played only in The Open Championship.

"T" indicates a tie for a place

References

Further reading

Scottish male golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Golfers from Elie and Earlsferry
1859 births
1895 deaths
Nick Macpherson

Nicholas Ian Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court,  (born 14 July 1959) is a former senior British civil servant. He served as the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury from 2005 to 2016.

Macpherson was Permanent Secretary to three Chancellors.  He managed the department through the financial and wider economic crisis which began in 2007.

Macpherson was nominated for a crossbench peerage in David Cameron's 2016 resignation Honours, and joined the House of Lords on 4 October 2016.

Early life

Macpherson was educated at Ashdown House and Eton College. He later attended Balliol College, Oxford (where he read Politics and Economics) and University College London.

Career
Macpherson first worked as an economist at the CBI and Peat Marwick Consulting.

Treasury
Macpherson entered HM Treasury in 1985. From 1993 to 1997, he was Principal Private Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer; he oversaw the transition from Kenneth Clarke to Gordon Brown as Chancellor. From 1998 to 2001, he was Director of Welfare Reform. From 2001 to 2004, he was head of the Public Services Directorate, where he managed the 2000 and 2002 spending reviews. From 2004 to 2005 Macpherson managed the Budget and Public Finance Directorate, where he was responsible for tax policy and the budget process.

Macpherson succeeded Sir Gus (now Lord) O'Donnell as Permanent Secretary of the Treasury, when the latter moved to be the Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service in 2005. Macpherson came to prominence during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum when he advised George Osborne against entering into a currency union with any Scottish independent state, which was contrary to initial Scottish National Party plans. He stepped down from the Treasury on 31 March 2016.

Other positions
Macpherson was a visiting fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, and is a visiting professor at King's College London.

Macpherson is Chairman of C. Hoare & Co and on the Board of British Land and the Scottish American Investment Trust.

Personal life
He is the father of Fred Macpherson, frontman and vocalist of indie rock band Spector.

Honours
Macpherson was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2009 New Year Honours, and promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the same Order (GCB) in the 2015 Birthday Honours.

Macpherson was nominated for a life peerage in the 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours and was created Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, of Earl's Court in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, on 4 October.

References

External links
BBC Radio 4 Profile

1959 births
Living people
British people of Dutch descent
Crossbench life peers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Permanent Secretaries of HM Treasury
Private secretaries in the British Civil Service
People educated at Ashdown House
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Alumni of University College London
Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Herbert Isaac

Herbert Whitmore Isaac (11 December 1899 – 26 April 1962) was an English cricketer who played three first-class games for Worcestershire in 1919 without any great success. None of these games were in the County Championship as Worcestershire did not re-enter this until the following season.

Isaac attended Harrow School, and played for them against Eton College in 1917.
In the 1920s and 1930s, he appeared a few times for Settlers v Officials in Kenyan minor matches.

His father, Arthur Isaac, had a more substantial career with Worcestershire, while his uncle John Isaac also played first-class cricket.

Notes

References
 
 

English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
People educated at Harrow School
1899 births
1962 deaths
Cricketers from Worcester, England
Thredbo River

The Thredbo River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.

Course and features
The Thredbo River rises below South Rams Head, near Mount Leo within the Kosciuszko National Park. The river flows generally adjacent to the Alpine Way, west and northwest near Dead Horse Gap, then generally north, passing through the village of Thredbo, joined by four tributaries including the Little Thredbo River, before emptying into Lake Jindabyne, impounded by Jindabyne Dam. Within Lake Jindabyne, the river reaches its confluence with the Snowy River.

The river descends  over its  course.

The flow of the river is impacted by alpine conditions; with high flows during spring as a result of snow melt. Meanwhile, during winter, the river is subject to snow and ice conditions.

Historical alternative names 
The river was once also known by an alternative name, Crackenback River. It was officially named 'Thredbo or Crackenback River', until January 1976, when it was renamed  'Thredbo River'.

Gallery

See also

 List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
 List of rivers of Australia
 Rivers of New South Wales
 Snowy Mountains Scheme

References

External links
Snowy Flow Response Monitoring and Modelling 

 

Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains Scheme
Anastasia Zampounidis

Anastasia Zampounidis (; born December 28, 1968), is a Greek-German TV host.

Climb to Fame
After graduating from high school, Zampounidis spent time in Los Angeles as an au pair, Go-Go dancer, and language tutor. While in LA she broadcast a radio program for Berlin radio. She ranked #55 2001, #68 2002, #57 2003 and #98 2004 in FHM-Germany's Sexiest Women.

Filmography
"The Dome", (1997) TV Series .... (Backstage Reporter) (2002–2005)
MTV Germany, (host of "Select MTV") (2002)
Rotlicht - Im Dickicht der Großstadt, (TV) .... (Supporting actress) (2003) 
"Comeback - Die große Chance"''' TV Mini Series ... (Jury Member) (2004)"Total Request Live", TV Series .... Host (2004) MTV live show "TRL"'', (daily host) (2005)

External links

1968 births
Living people
German entertainers
German people of Greek descent
Greek DJs
Electronic dance music DJs
Ira!

Ira! (Portuguese for Anger! or Rage!, although the name was inspired by the Irish Republican Army) is a Brazilian rock band that was founded in São Paulo in the early 1980s. They were strongly influenced by the Mod sound of The Who, the hard rock of Led Zeppelin and the punk rock of The Clash.

History 

Led by singer Nasi and guitarist Edgard Scandurra, with Ricardo Gaspa on bass and André Jung on drums, Ira! was at the height of their success in the mid-to-late 1980s. Songs like "Núcleo Base", "Flores em Você" and "Envelheço na Cidade" were huge hits when first released and still enjoy considerable airplay in radio stations throughout Brazil. The band had a decline in productivity and popularity during the 1990s, but regained popularity after playing before an audience of over 250,000 at the third edition of the Rock in Rio festival in 2001 and doing an acoustic special for MTV Brasil in 2004.

In September 2007, just before the band were due to have a break, Nasi departed from the band after a conflict with Airton Valadão Rodolfo, who was the band manager and also Nasi's brother.

In November 2007, Edgard Scandurra announced that Ira! had split up and the remaining members would follow their careers separately.

On 27 June 2012, Nasi and Airton announced to the press that they have been reconciled after more than five years of court and public battles. The brothers stated that they would settle all the pending legal prosecutions that one had target to the other. It was agreed that the brand 'Ira!', which was a property of Airton, would return to Nasi. The rumor of a possible Ira! reunion were denied, though. Nasi stated in his Facebook profile and on his personal blog that he had no immediate plan to reunite the group, although he was open get in good terms with Edgard Scandurra.

Discography

Studio albums 
 (1985) Mudança de Comportamento
 (1986) Vivendo e Não Aprendendo
 (1988) Psicoacústica
 (1990) Clandestino
 (1991) Meninos da Rua Paulo
 (1993) Música Calma para Pessoas Nervosas
 (1995) 7
 (1998) Você Não Sabe Quem Eu Sou
 (1999) Isso é Amor
 (2001) Entre Seus Rins
 (2007) Invisível DJ
 (2020) IRA

Live/video albums 
 (2000) MTV ao Vivo: Ira!
 (2004) Acústico MTV: Ira!
 (2007) Invisível DJ (live in studio)
 (2011) Ira! e Ultraje a Rigor ao Vivo no Rock in Rio (with Ultraje a Rigor)
 (2017) Ira! Folk (Ao Vivo em São Paulo - Março 2017)

References

External links
 Official website

Musical groups established in 1981
Brazilian post-punk music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
Brazilian alternative rock groups
Brazilian rock music groups
Brazilian punk rock groups
Musical groups from São Paulo
Brazilian musical quartets
1981 establishments in Brazil
2007 disestablishments in Brazil
World Team Championship

World Team Championship may refer to:
 World Team Championship (pool) (2010–2014), the world team pool championship for Eight-ball, Nine-ball and Ten-ball
 World Team Cup in tennis
 Chess Olympiad
 World Team Chess Championship
 Bermuda Bowl of contract bridge for the Open series in the World Bridge Team Championships
 Venice Cup of contract bridge for the Women's series in the World Bridge Team Championships
List of NASCAR champions

List of NASCAR champions could refer to:

List of NASCAR Cup Series champions
List of NASCAR Xfinity Series champions
List of NASCAR Truck Series champions
List of ARCA Menards Series champions
List of ARCA Menards Series East champions
List of ARCA Menards Series West champions
List of NASCAR Pinty's Series champions
List of NASCAR Whelen Euro Series champions
List of NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour champions
List of NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour champions
List of NASCAR Whelen All-American Series national champions
FEG Model 58

The SA-85 is an AK-pattern rifle made by Fegyver És Gépgyár (F.E.G.) of Hungary. It was sold in a "sporting" configuration to get around U.S. gun laws at the time.  It was also imported into the United Statespre-banin two variants, a solid thumbhole style stock and a underfolder stock that folded under the rifle.  This rifle is a semi-automatic version of the Russian AK-47, with a strange thumb-hole butt-stock, helping to make it a legal hunting rifle in the United States.  It was a preferred choice of Kalashnikov style rifles over the cheaper but inferior, Chinese models.

The SA-58 is a semi-automatic version of the Russian AK-47, with a thumbhole buttstock, helping to make it a legal hunting rifle in the United States.

7.62×39mm semi-automatic rifles
Fegyver- és Gépgyár firearms
Melky Sedeck

Melky Sedeck is a Haitian-American R&B hip hop sibling duo. The name of the group is drawn from the names of singer Blandinna Melky Jean and her multi-instrumentalist brother Farel Sedeck Guerschom Jean. The name of the group (and of the siblings) is an allusion to Melchizedek, a figure from Christian and Jewish tradition. Both artists are younger siblings of Wyclef Jean.

In 1995, Melky and Sedeck Jean collaborated with Darryl "Day" Pearson on "I've Got a Love Jones for You", a single used upon the soundtrack of the feature film Love Jones. The track was Melky and Sedeck's first official recording as part of the Refugee Camp and their debut single; they also performed on the 'Love Jones' package tour. The duo later signed with MCA Records. In 1999, they released their debut album, Sister & Brother. It featured tracks that involved collaborations with Pearson and Supreme C. In March that year the band performed in Toronto with The Roots.

At 1999's Lilith Fair, they performed alongside artists including Aimee Mann, The Innocence Mission, Beth Orton, Bijou Phillips, Sixpence None the Richer, Liz Phair, Cibo Matto, and Bif Naked. The founder of the event, Sarah McLachlan, also performed with Melky at the fair's finale.

The soundtrack to the 2000's feature film, Love & Basketball, featured "Morning Star", a song which Melky Sedeck produced and performed.

References

External links

American hip hop groups
American contemporary R&B musical groups
Family musical groups
Sibling musical duos
Musical groups established in 1995
Ethyl lactate

Ethyl lactate, also known as lactic acid ethyl ester, is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2CH3. It is the ethyl ester of lactic acid.  A colorless liquid, it is a chiral ester.  Being naturally derived, it is readily available as a single enantiomer. It is commonly used as a solvent. This compound is considered biodegradable and can be used as a water-rinsible degreaser. Ethyl lactate is found naturally in small quantities in a wide variety of foods including wine, chicken, and various fruits. The odor of ethyl lactate when dilute is mild, buttery, creamy, with hints of fruit and coconut.

Production
Ethyl lactate is produced from biological sources, and can be either the levo (S) form or dextro (R) form, depending on the organism that is the source of the lactic acid. Most biologically sourced ethyl lactate is ethyl (−)-L-lactate (ethyl (S)-lactate). Ethyl lactate is also produced industrially from petrochemical stocks, and this ethyl lactate consists of the racemic mixture of levo and dextro forms.

Applications 
Because both enantiomers are found in nature, and because ethyl lactate is easily biodegradable, it is considered to be a "green solvent." Ethyl lactate and its aqueous solutions are used as sustainable media for organic synthesis. Due to its relatively low toxicity, ethyl lactate is used commonly in pharmaceutical preparations, food additives, and fragrances. Ethyl lactate is also used as solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose ethers.

Further reading

References

Ester solvents
Ethyl esters
Lactate esters
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Tillamook State Forest

The Tillamook State Forest is a  publicly owned forest in the U.S. state of Oregon. Managed by the Oregon Department of Forestry, it is located  west of Portland in the Northern Oregon Coast Range, and spans Washington, Tillamook, Yamhill, and Clatsop counties. The forest receives large amounts of precipitation and is dominated by Douglas-fir trees. Activities include commercial logging, recreation, and other commercial resource extraction activities such as mushroom hunting.

History
The area was extensively burned in a series of forest fires between 1933 and 1951. Collectively known as the Tillamook Burn, the forest was replanted between 1949 and 1972 with a billion Douglas-fir seeds dropped from helicopters and more than 72 million seedlings planted by hand, about a million of them by young volunteers. In 1973 Oregon governor Tom McCall officially designated "The Burn" a State Forest.

Operations

The forest's recreation sites include campgrounds, hiking and backpacking trails, fishing, swimming and an interpretative center. Some of the trails are open to horses and pack animals, mountain bikes and motorized vehicles in various combinations. In 2006, the Tillamook Forest Center opened on Oregon Route 6 between Portland and Tillamook. The Forest Center's features include a short film about the Tillamook Burn, and a suspension bridge crossing the Wilson River. With exhibits designed by AldrichPears Associates and architecture by MillerHull Partnership, the Center won the Oregon Tourism Achievement Award in 2007.

Commercial activities include timber harvesting managed by the Department of Forestry that benefits county governments. In addition to logging, other commercial activities include mushroom hunting, and moss and salal harvesting. The forest is managed by the department's Forest Grove and Tillamook districts.

Tillamook Rainforest

The Tillamook Rainforest is a temperate rainforest located in the Coast Range of northwestern Oregon, United States, between Hillsboro and Tillamook in Washington and Tillamook counties. Part of the forest is administered as part of the Tillamook State Forest.

Weather in the Tillamook Rainforest is variable but can total more than  from late fall through early spring. Precipitation may accumulate as snow at higher elevations. 

The western part of the forest has coastal varieties of trees, while the east is dominated by Douglas-fir. Much of the forest is young, as early deforestation was rampant and the Tillamook Burn, a large wildfire,  passed through the area in 1933.

See also
List of Oregon state forests
Ki-a-Kuts Falls
Rogers Peak
South Saddle Mountain

References

External links

Tillamook Forest Center
The Tillamook Rainforest - Sierra Club 

Oregon state forests
Protected areas of Tillamook County, Oregon
Protected areas of Washington County, Oregon
Protected areas of Yamhill County, Oregon
Protected areas of Clatsop County, Oregon
Pacific temperate rainforests
1973 establishments in Oregon
Tillamook Burn
Balders Hage

Balders Hage was a ballcourt and public square in the centre of Gothenburg, Sweden. The ballcourt was inaugurated on 1 January 1898 but was abandoned in 1909 when Walhalla IP was built. The club Örgryte IS was founded in Balders Hage, and played some of their matches there. Balders Hage is now part of the amusement park Liseberg, and the roller coaster Balder is located where Balders Hage once was.

References

Squares in Gothenburg
Football venues in Gothenburg
Sports venues in Gothenburg
Scoring position

In the sport of baseball, a baserunner is said to be in scoring position when they are on second or third base.  The distinction between being on first base and second or third base is that a runner on first can usually only score if the batter hits an extra-base hit, while a runner on second or third can usually score on a single. Many of baseball's "small ball" or "one run" tactics center on attempts to move a runner on base into scoring position.  Such tactics were dominant in the 1890s and the dead-ball era, when extra-base hits were relatively rare. Runners in scoring position are sometimes colloquially referred to as "ducks on the pond".

Runners left in scoring position refers to the number of runners on  second  or third at the end of an inning and is an inverse measure of a team's offensive efficiency.

Batting average with runners in scoring position
Batting average with runners in scoring position (abbreviated BA/RISP or BA/RSP) is a baseball statistic derived by dividing a players hits with runners in scoring positions by their at bats with runners in scoring position.

BA/RISP is often used as an indicator of clutch ability, as a hit with a runner on second base or third will likely score the runner and is thus considered a clutch situation.  Recently, however, the statistic has been replaced with Win Probability Added, considered to be a better measure of clutch ability.

A variation to this statistic is called Batting Average with two outs and Runners in Scoring Position, which is also calculated by dividing a players' hits with runners on second or third by their at bats in this situation. A hit is more likely to score at least one or two runs-depending on the speed of the runner, the strength of the outfielder's arm, the number of runners in scoring position, etc.-because the runners will be going on contact—that is, they run once the batter hits the ball. But if the batter records an out, then the inning ends with those runners left on base.

Highest all-time single-season batting averages with runners in scoring position
Minimum 100 at bats; through 2023.

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Albert, Jim, and Jay M. Bennett. Curve Ball: Baseball, Statistics, and the Role of Chance in the Game. New York: Copernicus Books, 2001. . A book on new statistics for baseball.
 Alan Schwarz, The Numbers Game: Baseball’s Lifelong Fascination with Statistics (New York: St. Martin's, 2005). .
 The Official Site of Major League baseball – Baseball Basics: Abbreviations

Baseball terminology
Harold J. Arthur

Harold John Arthur (February 9, 1904 – July 19, 1971) was the 68th governor of Vermont from 1950 to 1951. He also served as the 64th lieutenant governor of Vermont from 1949 to 1950.

Early life, education, and family
Arthur was born in Whitehall, New York, on February 9, 1904, and raised in Addison County and Rutland County, Vermont. He graduated from Albany Business College and worked for the Brandon National Bank and in other businesses before settling in Burlington. He was married to Mary C. (Alafat) Arthur (1904–2004), with whom he practiced law.  They were the parents of a daughter, Portia.

Career
From 1927 to 1929, Arthur worked as an assistant to Governor John E. Weeks. From 1928 to 1940 he was associated with Warren R. Austin, working as a clerk and stenographer and then studying law in Austin's office. He obtained a law degree from La Salle Extension University, and then became an attorney in Burlington.

Arthur also worked for the Vermont House of Representatives for more than twenty years, rising to the position of chief clerk and parliamentarian, where he served from 1939 to 1949.  He was Clerk of the House from 1939 to 1943, and again from 1947 to 1949; during his World War II military service, the position was held by Clifton G. Parker.

A member of the Vermont National Guard beginning in the 1928, Arthur served in World War II and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel as a Judge Advocate General before retiring in 1959.

Arthur was the successful Republican candidate for lieutenant governor in 1948, and served from 1949 to 1950.

Arthur became governor when Ernest W. Gibson Jr. resigned to become a federal judge. He did not seek election to a full term in 1950, running unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives and losing the Republican primary to Winston L. Prouty, whom Arthur had defeated for the lieutenant governor nomination in 1948.

In 1954, Arthur ran unsuccessfully to be the Republican candidate for lieutenant governor, losing the primary to Consuelo N. Bailey.  Governor Arthur ran again for Congress in 1958, winning the Republican nomination and losing the general election to William H. Meyer, who became the first Democratic candidate to win a statewide or national office in Vermont since the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s.

Death and legacy
Arthur died of cancer at Plattsburgh Air Force Base Hospital on July 19, 1971. He was a Unitarian, and is interred at a mausoleum in Burlington's Lakeview Cemetery.

See also 
 List of members of the American Legion

References

External links

The Political Graveyard
National Governors Association

1904 births
1971 deaths
Republican Party governors of Vermont
Lieutenant Governors of Vermont
Vermont lawyers
United States Army personnel of World War II
National Guard (United States) officers
Politicians from Burlington, Vermont
La Salle Extension University alumni
People from Whitehall, New York
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
Vermont National Guard personnel
Burials at Lakeview Cemetery (Burlington, Vermont)
Albany Business College alumni
A Guide to the Star Wars Universe

A Guide to the Star Wars Universe is a reference book based on the Star Wars franchise published by Del Rey. The first edition was published in 1984 and written by Raymond L. Velasco. It is 215 pages long and contains roughly 951 entries. A second edition was published in 1994, written by Bill Slavicsek. It is 495 pages long, and the publisher's summary claims that it contains 50% new material. Slavicsek later also produced a third edition in 2000, which is 596 pages long and incorporates elements from Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999).

The books alphabetically detail fictional people, places, things, and events in the Star Wars Expanded Universe. Most of the entries are quite short, with the longest being just over two pages. Each entry is divided into "G-canon" and "Expanded Universe" information, with media sources cited. The second edition also included a brief timeline, and a comparison of sublight speeds in starfighters.

Stephen J. Sansweet used the second edition as a primary reference for his Star Wars Encyclopedia (1998).

References

Further reading

External links
 

Books about Star Wars
1984 books
Del Rey books
Encyclopedias of fictional worlds
Sydney Living Museums

Sydney Living Museums is the trading name of the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales (HHT), a statutory corporation entrusted with the care and maintenance of historic sites throughout New South Wales, Australia, including various gardens, parklands and urban spaces. In 2011 its sites attracted over two million visitors each year.

The chief executive of the Trust, called Executive Director, is responsible to the Department of Planning and Environment cluster. The Trust reports to the Minister for the Arts. Ultimately the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.

History
The Historic Houses Trust was established under the Historic Houses Trust Act 1980 and originally charged with the running of Elizabeth Bay House and Vaucluse House. Since then, the Trust has expanded to care for 12  houses, gardens and museums in New South Wales. The Trust also looks after over 48,000 catalogued objects across all of the sites. In 2013 the Historic Houses Trust launched its new identity as Sydney Living Museums to refresh and unify its diverse range of properties and highlight its role and relevance for current and future generations.

Sites
Sydney Living Museums manages the following sites:

References

External links
 
 

1980 establishments in Australia
Government agencies established in 1980
Museums in New South Wales
Culture of Sydney
Government agencies of New South Wales
History of Sydney
1886 in film

The following is an overview of the events of 1886 in film, including a list of notable flims

Events

Louis Le Prince is granted an American dual-patent on a 16-lens device that combines a motion picture camera with a projector.

Births

External links 
List of 1886 deaths at IMDb
 List of 1886 births at IMDb

Film by year
Film
Baltic Storm

Baltic Storm is a 2003 film written and directed by Reuben Leder about the 1994 MS Estonia disaster. Based on the book Die Estonia: Tragödie eines Schiffsuntergangs by German journalist Jutta Rabe, the film focuses on the supposed transport of defense materials by the Swedish Armed Forces, and alleged cover-up of the true cause of the disaster.

Plot
The plot portrays the Swedish government as being responsible for using the ship to covertly transport Russian high-tech components to the United States. The story is uncovered by a young female journalist, not unlike Rabe herself. According to Rabe, divers hired by the Swedish government (signing contracts swearing lifetime secrecy) spent hours breaking into cabins frantically searching for a black attaché case carried by a Russian space technology dealer, Aleksandr Voronin (who died 2002). She highlighted US interest in various Soviet technology, including nuclear-powered satellites. She also suggested that panic about the stability of some form of nuclear device is the most likely reason behind the initial Swedish government suggestion of burying the wreck in concrete, a highly unusual proposal for a wreck, reminiscent of Chernobyl's sarcophagus.

Cast

See also
 Estonia (TV series)

External links

 

British thriller films
German thriller films
English-language German films
2003 films
Films set in Estonia
MS Estonia
Films based on non-fiction books
Films set in 1994
2000s thriller films
Films set in the Baltic Sea
Films about seafaring accidents or incidents
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
2000s German films