alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
J. M. Brunswick

John Moses Brunswick (1819 in Bremgarten, Switzerland – 25 July 1886) was the founder of the J.M. Brunswick Manufacturing Company, one of the enterprises that merged to form today's Brunswick Corporation.

Life 
Brunswick was a Jewish immigrant from Bremgarten, Switzerland. He came to the United States in 1834 and initially worked as an errand boy for a German butcher in New York City. He then moved to Philadelphia to work as an apprentice to a carriage-maker, and later to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where he married before moving to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he worked for two years as a steward on an old river steamer.

In 1845 he founded the J.M. Brunswick Manufacturing Company in Cincinnati. Originally Brunswick intended for his company to be in the business of making carriages, but soon after opening his machine shop he became fascinated with billiards and decided that making billiard tables would be more lucrative.

Honours 
In 1990 he became a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame, one of the first non-Americans to receive the honor.

See also 
Moses Bensinger, son-in-law and business partner

References 

1819 births
1886 deaths
Businesspeople from Cincinnati
People from Bremgarten District
American people of Swiss-Jewish descent
Cue sports executives
19th-century American businesspeople
Kennedy-Wade Mill

The Kennedy-Wade Mill, or Wade's Mill, is a grist mill and national historic district located in Raphine, Virginia and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally built c. 1750 by Captain Joseph Kennedy. In 1846 the mill was sold by the Kennedy family to Henry B. Jones, who expanded and improved the mill. After passing to other owners in 1867, the mill was damaged by fire in 1873.  It was rebuilt and leased to (and later bought by) James F. Wade, and put back into use in November 1882.  The Wade family continued to operate it for four generations. It was bought in 1991 by Jim Young, and is still functioning today. The mill grinds flour using millstones and a 21-foot overshot water wheel. The flour is shipped to restaurants and livestock farmers.

Nearby and also part of the Kennedy-Wade's Mill Historic District are the miller's house and other houses and outbuildings structures forming the small mill community.

References

External links
Wade's Mill

Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Buildings and structures in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Watermills in the United States
Flour mills in the United States
Tourist attractions in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Grinding mills in Virginia
1793 establishments in Virginia
Industrial buildings completed in 1793
James Nicolson (bishop)

James Nicolson (1557–1607) was Bishop of Dunkeld in 1607.

Life

He was born in Cupar in central Fife in 1557 the second son of James Nicolson, a local burgess, and his wife, Margaret Philip. He spent most of his life in north Perthshire. He was ordained as minister of Cortachy in 1580 and translated to Meigle parish church in 1583 and demitted this post in April 1607 when he was appointed Bishop of Dunkeld.

He received a grant of a pension of £60 per annum on 6 February 1571, from Robert, Bishop of Caithness, payable from the Priory of St Andrews, "becaus he hes bene twyis schorne of the stane, and is continewallie vexit with that infirmitie".  He was a prominent man in the Church of Scotland soon after the Reformation, and was minister of Cortachy in 1580, and Meigle in 1583. 

He was selected by the General Assembly to sit in conference regarding stipends in 1592, 1596, 1606, and 1607,  was appointed Bishop of Dunkeld on 23 April 1607.

Death
Nicolson died of a "heavy melancholy" on 17 August 1607. When he died, Alexander Lindsay, was appointed to fill his place.

Family
He married Jane, daughter of Gilbert Ramsay of Banff. Their daughter, Margaret, married Bishop William Lindsay.

References

Sources
 
 
 Watt, D.E.R. & Shead, N.F. (eds.), The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries, The Scottish Records Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001)

1607 deaths
Bishops of Dunkeld (Church of Scotland)
Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
1557 births
Don (2006 Dutch film)

Don (also known as Off-Side) is a Dutch 2006 film, directed by Arend Steenbergen.

Plot

The film is about bullying (with death threats and assaults causing injuries), friendship, and soccer. Don (Clemens Levert), a 12-year-old boy, is the main character. Don's best friend at his new school is Milos (Marius Gottlieb). Milos boasts about his big brother who supposedly protects him and is a sportsman. However, this brother is already missing several years after the war in former Yugoslavia, and he is probably dead. Don confronts him with his lies and false hope. Initially this shocks Milos.

Henri (Samir Veen) is the worst bully.

Don gains respect by being good at football. He organizes a football team. Several former bullies become friends. Don even invites his worst enemy, Henri, to join, because he plays well. On and off Henri is in the team; when he is, he is team leader, when not, Don is. Milos is so afraid of the ball that he seems to be of no use for the team. However, he can run fast, and is assigned the task to stay near one strong opponent, making him ineffective. 

Don gets little support from his parents: when he comes home beaten up, he is blamed for fighting. When this happens a second time, they are about to send him to a boarding school in England. However, the whole class except Henri comes, led by Milos, to the house, and asks the parents to allow Don to stay. After Don says also that he wants to stay, the parents give in.

At the final of the competition they win by unfair tactics such as kicking their opponents.

Henri refuses to shake hands with Don. However, he does one positive thing: he makes good for destroying Milos' football by asking the judge to give them the ball, and, after he gets it, giving it to Milos.

Cast
Clemens Levert ...Don
Samir Veen ...Henry
Juliann Ubbergen ...Hossan - is also in Afblijven
Jorik Prins ...Han
Illias Addab ...Hiram
Marius Gottlieb ...Milos
Caroline De Bruijn ...Don's mother
Reinout Bussemaker ...Don's father
Sander Foppele ...Gymteacher
Jeroen Spitzberger ...Referee final
Rene van 't Hof ...Milos' father
Raymi Sambo ...Referee
Floris Heyne ...'Kakker'
Lodewijk de Stoppelaar ...'Kakker'

External links
 

2006 films
2006 drama films
2000s Dutch-language films
Dutch drama films
New England Triptych

New England Triptych is an orchestral composition by American composer William Schuman, based on works of William Billings. The work lasts about 16 minutes, and is written for an orchestra comprising three flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), two oboes, English horn, E-flat clarinet, two clarinets, bass clarinet, two bassoons, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (bass drum, cymbals, snare drum, tenor drum), and strings.

Overview
Subtitled "Three Pieces for Orchestra After William Billings", New England Triptych is basically an expansion of Schuman's 1943 William Billings Overture (premiered by Artur Rodziński and the New York Philharmonic in 1944 but never published, and since withdrawn by the composer). New England Triptych was written in 1956 and premiered on October 28 of that year by the Orchestra of the University of Miami under the direction of Andre Kostelanetz, who had commissioned it.

Schuman prefaced his score with this note (and reprinted the pertinent texts for each hymn):

The first movement, "Be Glad then, America", is built on these lines from Billings' text:

After a short introduction by solo timpani, the strings develop music that suggests the "Halleluyah" of the end. Trombones and trumpets start the main section in a varied setting of the words "Be Glad then, America, Shout and Rejoice." The solo timpani returns, leading to a fugal section based on the words "And Ye Shall Be Satisfied." The music gains momentum as combined themes lead to a climax, followed by a free adaptation of Billings' "Halleluyah" music and a final reference to the "Shout and Rejoice" music.

The second movement, "When Jesus Wept", begins with a solo by bassoon and soon  the bassoon is accompanied by oboe.  "When Jesus Wept" is a round and uses Billings' music in its original form. .

The third movement, "Chester", is perhaps Billings' best known tune. Originally a church hymn, it was adopted by the Continental Army as a marching song. The orchestral piece derives both from the spirit of the hymn and the marching song:

New England Triptych has become one of the works most indelibly associated with William Schuman. It also exists in an arrangement by the composer for concert band although the "Chester" movement was revised and lengthened.

Recordings
Antal Doráti recorded New England Triptych for London Records (OS 26442) with the National Symphony Washington DC on 23-26 & 30 April 1975 and it was released in December 1976 on LP, in the US only. A CD issue has been published by The Doráti Edition (ADE 050).

References

External links
Presser Perusal Score (at Issuu.com) (with preface)

Compositions by William Schuman
Compositions for symphony orchestra
Concert band pieces
Orchestral suites
1956 compositions
Kakava

Kakava is a celebration event of Romani people in Turkey. Its place of origin is East Thrace in Turkey.

Events 
The belief that a Savior Baba Fingo would come and rescue them is immortal in the Romani folklore of the Romanlar in Turkey. It is believed he was a Commander of the Pharaoh-Troops from Military of ancient Egypt. Turkish Roma go down to the edge of the river Tundzha, at the night of 5–6 May that they decided as the day "Rescue Event" had happened. They put candles in the River and wash their hands, face and feet in the water, for the memory of the miraculous day. The main source of joy is the immortality of the Savior Baba Fingo. In Turkish a saying: Baba Fingo Gelecek, Bütün Dertler Bitecek (Father Fingo Will Come, All Troubles Will Be Over). For that reason, they entertain madly.

Kakava in Turkey

In Turkey's western cities of Edirne and Kırklareli, Kakava is celebrated joyfully. Kakava celebration in Edirne nowadays takes the form of an international festival, which is also supported by the governor and the mayor of Edirne. The official part of the Kakava festival takes place in Sarayiçi, the place where traditional Kırkpınar oil-wrestling tournament is held each year. After light the Bonfire and jump over it. Music playing and Belly dancing is performed. The official part ends after the distribution of rice dish pilaf to the around 5,000 attendees. The celebration continues in the dawn of the next day at the bank of Tunca River.

See also
 Hıdırellez
 Đurđevdan

References

Romani culture
Romani folklore
Edirne Province
Kırklareli Province
May observances
Festivals in Turkey
Romani in Turkey
Turkic mythology
Eastern Thrace
Sourou

Sourou may refer to:

Sourou Province, Burkina Faso
Sourou River, Burkina Faso
Sourou, Benin
Aintree Central railway station

Aintree Central railway station was a station located on the North Liverpool Extension Line on Park Lane, Aintree, Merseyside, across Park Lane from the current Aintree station.

History
The station opened on 13 July 1880 as Aintree Racecourse for racedays at Aintree Racecourse. It was renamed Aintree on the opening of the Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway on 1 September 1884. In 1950 it was renamed once more becoming Aintree Central.

The line was opened by the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC), in direct competition with the L&Y's Liverpool Exchange to Southport Chapel Street service. However, it was never as successful because the CLC's route was much longer than that of the L&Y, serving areas within South Liverpool and along to Hunts Cross, before going north again up to Aintree.

On 7 January 1952 the Liverpool Central to Southport Lord Street service ended, leaving Aintree Central as the terminus for all trains from Liverpool.

The station finally closed to passengers on 7 November 1960 and then to race traffic in March 1963. It finally closed on 7 December 1964 with the withdrawal of freight traffic (except for private sidings).

Today, no evidence of the station's existence remains, as the site is buried under an industrial estate, located off Park Lane.

References

Sources

External links
 Aintree Central via Disused Stations UK
 The station on a 1948 OS Map via npe maps
 The station on an 1888-1913 Overlay OS Map via National Library of Scotland
 Photos of the station via ukurbex
 Remains of the station in 1986 via flickr

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960
Former Cheshire Lines Committee stations
Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
Burlington Company

The Burlington Company was a group of eight investors involved in a variety of land transactions, particularly in what is now Otsego County, New York. The company was named after Burlington, New Jersey, where the men all resided.

History 
The Burlington Company included William Franklin, the last Colonial Governor of New Jersey (1763-1776).

The company purchased various mortgages of George Croghan between 1768 and 1770. The mortgages, issued to William Franklin and assigned by him to the company, included one for 40,000 acres (160 km2) of Croghan's Otsego County, New York, purchase. Franklin was an attorney, a British Loyalist, and the son of Benjamin Franklin.

In addition to making personal loans to Croghan, Franklin purchased a 50% stock interest in the Burlington Company in 1772. In 1773, the remaining original shareholders sold their stock and rights, including Franklin's mortgages, to Andrew Craig (merchant) and William Cooper. Cooper was a merchant in Burlington.

Cooper and Craig instituted sheriff's sale proceedings under a judgment of 1773, neglecting to inform Franklin. After that, Craig and Cooper purchased the Otsego tract for $2,700 by questionable means. Efforts of Franklin and Croghan's heirs to contest the title proved fruitless.

Cooper later founded Cooperstown and Burlington, New York on this tract of land after the American Revolutionary War. Among his children was James Fenimore Cooper, who later became a noted author and set some of his work in this frontier region.

See also
List of real estate topics
History of New York (state)

References
Adams, J.T. (1940) Dictionary of American History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Butterfield, L. H.  "Judge William Cooper (1754-1809): A Sketch of his Character and Accomplishment", New York History, Vol. XXX, No. 4 (October 1949)
Cooper, W. (1810) "How Settlements were Promoted", from A Guide in the Wilderness, US GenNet
Cooper, James Fenimore. (1858-1938) "William Cooper and Andrew Craig's Purchase of Croghan's Land", The Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association (now New York History), Vol. XII, No. 4 (October 1931)
Taylor, Alan. (1996) William Cooper's Town: Power and Persuasion on the Frontier of the Early American Republic

Pre-statehood history of New York (state)
Pre-statehood history of New Jersey
Companies based in Burlington County, New Jersey
Integrated safe system of work

Integrated safe system of work (ISSOW) is used in hazardous industry to request, review, approve and document tasks to be carried out by frontline workers. It integrates permit-to-work, risk assessment and isolation management under a single electronic system, providing safety improvements to the user.

Thought to have originated in the North Sea upstream oil industry it was actually used several years before within the Power Industry, ISSoW software now forms a significant segment of the enterprise software market.

History
ISSOW has now become synonymous with electronic permit-to-work (e-PTW). The North Sea began adopting several ISSOW suppliers in 2000s, when it was first rolled out to BP's North Everest Platform. From there a number of the major operators in the North Sea oil industry started to adopt this electronic safety system.

As of 2012, around 80% of the North Sea use an ISSOW product in some form or another, as it is widely recognised as a key frontline safety system. Between 2001 and present, ISSOW began to be utilised by some of the major operators including, but not limited to, Shell, Exxon Mobil, BG Group, and Chevron. ISSOW systems are used in oil & gas industry around the world.

See also
Process safety
Risk assessment

References

Petroleum production
Country music (disambiguation)

Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. The term also includes Western music (North America) which had similar origins in the Western United States and Rocky Mountains.

Country Music may also refer to:
 Country Music (magazine), a bi-monthly magazine on country music
 Country Music (miniseries), 2019

Albums
 Country Music (Willie Nelson album), 2010
 Country Music (Marty Stuart album), 2003
 Country Music, an album by Flatt and Scruggs

See also
Australian country music
Christian country music
List of country genres
Wait (command)

In Unix shells, wait is a command which pauses until execution of a background process has ended.

Usage
 wait [n]

where n is the pid or job ID of a currently executing background process (job). If n is not given, the command waits until all jobs known to the invoking shell have terminated.

wait normally returns the exit status of the last job which terminated. It may also return 127 in the event that n specifies a non-existent job or zero if there were no jobs to wait for.

Because wait needs to be aware of the job table of the current shell execution environment, it is usually implemented as a shell builtin.

Example
This command can be useful where part of a script can execute in parallel to implement a barrier where an upcoming section depends on the successful completion of the preceding sections.

The following example will fetch the src/ directory from a machine named iona using rsync and simultaneously update the libraries on which this program depends, before building the combination.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Parallel update script which makes use of the wait command

# Update local copy
rsync iona:src/ . &
# Upgrade required libraries, or exit indicating failure if make failed for some reason
make -C lib || exit 1

# Wait for rsync to terminate (may have already happened) and finish the job
wait
make

Wait for specified job control id number:
$ ls -R / > /dev/null 2>&1 & # start any long running background process
[2] 1986
$ wait %2 # waits for background job number 2 to terminate, then returns

See also
 wait (system call)

External links

 GNU bash reference manual for the wait command

Unix SUS2008 utilities
Unix process- and task-management-related software
IBM i Qshell commands
Estádio da Rua Bariri

Estádio Mourão Vieira Filho, usually known as Estádio da Rua Bariri, is a football stadium in Olaria neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 8,300 people. It was built in 1947.

Estádio da Rua Bariri is owned by Olaria Atlético Clube. The stadium is named after Mourão Vieira Filho, who was an alderman (vereador, in Portuguese language) and is the one who made possible the stadium construction. Bariri means rapid in a Tupi–Guarani language, and is the name of the street where the stadium is located.

The stadium is often rented to the big clubs of Rio de Janeiro, especially Flamengo, when they are not able to play at the Maracanã stadium.

History
In 1947, the works on Estádio da Rua Bariri were completed. The inaugural match was played on April 6 of that year, when Fluminense beat Vasco da Gama 4-3. The first goal of the stadium was scored by Vasco da Gama's Friaça.

The stadium's attendance record currently stands at 18,000, set on April 30, 1997, when Flamengo beat Bangu 3-1.

References

Enciclopédia do Futebol Brasileiro, Volume 2 – Lance, Rio de Janeiro: Aretê Editorial S/A, 2001.

External links
Templos do Futebol

Rua Bariri
Football venues in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Olaria Atlético Clube
Jameh Mosque of Nain

The Jameh Mosque of Nain () is the grand, congregational mosque (jameh mosque) of Nain city, within Isfahan Province of Iran. Although the mosque is one of the oldest in Iran, it is still in use and is protected by Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization.

This mosque is perhaps one of the oldest mosques in Iran, and despite being built hundreds of years ago it still preserves its original architecture.  Arthur Pope believed that the mosque foundation goes back to 9th century. It has a very simple plan but is still very beautiful. The mosque contains a central rectangular courtyard that is surrounded with hypostyles on three sides. At one of these hypostyles the mihrab of the mosque is located. The mihrab at Islamic mosque is a niche at wall that shows the direction of "Qebleh" that is the direction of Mecca the holy city that Muslims prays towards it five times daily. This mihrab has an amazingly beautiful stucco work decoration, created probably during the 9th or 10th century. Also right beside it, there as an altar made of wood with delicate wooden inlay work.
The Mosque also has a 28-meter-high minaret belonging to the Seljuk era,10th century.

Specifications
The mosque is one of the oldest in Iran, dating back to the 9th century. The interiors however are Seljuki in brick craftsmanship, and therefore allude to the 11th century.

Like the Tarikhaneh of Damghan and the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, this mosque is "Khorasani" in its architectural style ().

Gallery

See also

Iranian architecture
List of mosques in Iran

9th-century mosques
Mosques in Isfahan Province
Buildings and structures in Isfahan Province
National works of Iran
Irene Purcell

Irene Mary Purcell (August 7, 1896 – July 9, 1972) was an American film and stage actress, who appeared mostly in comedies, and later married Herbert Fisk Johnson Jr., the wealthy grandson of the founder of S. C. Johnson & Son.

Career
She appeared opposite William Haines in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's romantic comedy film Just a Gigolo (1931), directed by Jack Conway and adapted from the 1930 play Dancing Partner, by David Belasco. The same year, she played the lead role in Sam Wood's romantic comedy The Man in Possession, adapted from H. M. Harwood's play of the same name. She was paired opposite Reginald Owen and Robert Montgomery. Purcell starred alongside Buster Keaton and Jimmy Durante in the comedy The Passionate Plumber (1932), directed by Edward Sedgwick. Despite not so favorable reviews, the film was a commercial success. The New York Times wrote that Purcell "fits the mood of the comedy nicely". A French-language version of the latter film, , was filmed by MGM at the same time.

She was a part of a June 9, 1935 Lux Radio Theatre broadcast, based on the 1930 play Candle-Light. Her notable Broadway appearances were in Jean Furguson Black's comedy Penny Wise (1937), J. Frank Davis' The Ladder (1926), Elmer Harris' comedy The Great Necker (1928), Dillard Long's comedy A Good Woman, Poor Thing (1933), Lynn Starling's comedy The First Apple (1933), Frederic and Fanny Hatton's comedy Dancing Partner (1930), and Martin Flavin's Cross Roads (1929).

She toured New Zealand and Australia with the play The Women in 1938-9.

Purcell was a trustee of Ripon College and member of Governor's Council on the Arts (Wisconsin). She also served as an adviser to Johnson Foundation.

Personal life
On October 4, 1941, she married Herbert Fisk Johnson Jr., president of S. C. Johnson & Son, at his apartment in Chicago. The couple had met for the first time in 1938 in Australia. Post-marriage they lived at Wingspread designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. She died in Racine, Wisconsin in 1972.

References

Bibliography

External links

 
 
 

1896 births
1972 deaths
Actresses from Indiana
American silent film actresses
American film actresses
People from Whiting, Indiana
20th-century American actresses
Wacky Waters Adventure Park

Wacky Waters Adventure Park was a water park located in Davenport, Iowa that was in operation from 1984 to 2006. In February 2007, it was announced that Wacky Waters has closed and the property has been sold to the Eastern Iowa Community College District, which will operate The Midwest Center For Safety And Rescue Training on the property, a training facility for fire departments.

In 1986, a couple received national attention by having their marriage ceremony atop the park's "Daredevil" water slide.  After exchanging vows, they kissed each other while sliding down the large slide.

Former Attractions
Before the park closed, it featured numerous attractions including:

Bumper boats
Kids' Pirate Ship
L'il Squirt Children's Slide
Extreme Slide called the Bonsai
Two Body Slides, Daredevil & Thunderbolt
The Wave Pool
Pond with Diving Boards and Zip Lines
Go Carts
Miniature Golf

References

Buildings and structures in Davenport, Iowa
Water parks in Iowa
Defunct amusement parks in the United States
Lituya Mountain

Lituya Mountain is a peak in the Fairweather Range of Alaska, United States, south of Mount Fairweather. Its eastern slopes feed a branch of the Johns Hopkins Glacier, which flows into Glacier Bay. On its western side is a large cirque, shared with Mount Fairweather, Mount Quincy Adams, and Mount Salisbury, which heads the Fairweather Glacier; this flows almost to the Pacific coast at Cape Fairweather. The Lituya Glacier flows from the south side of the mountain into Lituya Bay on the Pacific coast.

Though not exceptional in terms of absolute elevation, Lituya Mountain does possess great vertical relief over local terrain. For example, the south side of the mountain drops  to the Lituya Glacier in approximately , and the southeast side drops the same distance in just over .

Lituya Mountain is not often climbed, partly due to its proximity to the higher and better-known Mount Fairweather, and partly due to difficult access and bad weather in the Fairweather Range.

The Lituya name was published in 1852 as G(ora) L'tua, meaning "Lituya Mountain" in Russian by Mikhail Tebenkov of the Imperial Russian Navy.

History

1958 earthquake

On July 9, 1958, an earthquake along the Fairweather Fault loosened about 40 million cubic yards of rock above Lituya Bay. The impact of this enormous volume of rock falling from approximately  produced locally the largest recorded tsunami (an estimated  high) and devastated the entire bay.  The wave destroyed lands and trees up to  above sea level around the bay. The edge located to the west of the Gilbert Inlet at the bottom of the Lituya Glacier (point opposite to the rock impact in the water) was the most affected place.

2012 landslide
On June 11, 2012, there was another enormous landslide at the base of the mountain. At  long and  wide, now spread across the Johns Hopkins Glacier, it is possibly the largest recorded in North America. Other than registering as a magnitude 3.4 quake, it went unnoticed for a month until discovered by a pilot flying over the glacier.

See also
Barry Arm landslide – another major landslide in Alaska

References

External links

 Lituya Mountain on Topozone
 Lituya Mountain on bivouac.com
 World's Biggest Tsunami: The largest recorded tsunami with a wave 1720 feet tall in Lituya Bay, Alaska

2012 in Alaska
Landforms of Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Landslides in 2012
Landslides in the United States
Mountains of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
Mountains of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Natural disasters in Alaska
Saint Elias Mountains
Kathleen Alcalá

Kathleen Alcalá (born 29 August 1954) is the author of a short-story collection, three novels set in the American Southwest and nineteenth-century Mexico, and a collection of essays.  She teaches creative writing at workshops and programs in Washington state and elsewhere, including Seattle University, the University of New Mexico and Richard Hugo House.

Career
Alcalá is also a co-founder of and contributing editor to The Raven Chronicles.  A play based on her novel, Spirits of the Ordinary, was produced by The Miracle Theatre of Portland, Oregon.  She served on the board of Richard Hugo House and the advisory boards of Con Tinta, Field’s End and the Centrum Writers Conference. She is the winner of several awards for her writing, including an Artist Trust/Washington State Arts Commission Fellowship in 2007.
 
Alcalá resides on Bainbridge Island, Washington.

Works
Mrs. Vargas and the Dead Naturalist (Calyx Books)
Spirits of the Ordinary (Chronicle; Harvest Books)
The Flower in the Skull (Chronicle; Harvest Books)
Treasures in Heaven (Chronicle; Northwestern University Press)
The Desert Remembers My Name: On Family and Writing (University of Arizona Press)
The Deepest Roots: Finding Food and Community on a Pacific Northwest Island

Bibliographical Resources
https://faculty.ucmerced.edu/mmartin-rodriguez/index_files/vhAlcalaKathleen.htm

Critical reception
Charles de Lint, reviewing The Flower in the Skull, declared that "Alcalá is fast becoming one of my favourite writers," praising her work for the "richness [of her] characterization and settings."

References

External links

Kathleen Alcalá's homepage

1954 births
Living people
American historical novelists
American women novelists
American women short story writers
American writers of Mexican descent
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
Writers from Bainbridge Island, Washington
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Women historical novelists
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
Novelists from Washington (state)
Names of Cambodia

The name of Cambodia in Khmer is  (UNGEGN: , ALA-LC:  ), officially  (UNGEGN: , ALA-LC:  ; ). This term derives from Sanskrit  (IAST: ), which means the "land of Kamboja".

History 
The same name (i.e. Kamboj/Kambuja) is also found in Burmese and Thai chronicles referring to regions within those kingdoms. An origin-myth recorded in the Baksei Chamkrong inscription, dated AD 947, derives Kambuja from Svayambhuva Kamboj, a legendary Indian sage under whose gotra later, the merchant Kaundinya I reached the Indochinese peninsula and married a Nāga princess named Soma, thus uniting the Indian and local Southeast Asian Funanese cultures. In this story Kambuja derives from Kambu+ja, and means "descendants of Kambu."

Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa means "Kingdom of Cambodia". Etymologically, its components are: preăh ("sacred"); réach- ("king, royal, realm", from Sanskrit); -éana- (from Pāli , "authority, command, power"); -châkr (from Sanskrit chakra, meaning "wheel", a symbol of power and rule).

The name used on formal occasions, such as political speeches and news programs, is   , literally "the Country of Cambodia". The colloquial name most used by Cambodians is   , literally "Land of the Khmers" or "Khmer’s Land". srŏk is a Mon-Khmer word roughly equal to the Sanskritic Prâtés, but less formal.

Official names of Cambodia since independence

See also
 Kambojas
 Chenla
 Greater India

References

History of Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia
Crazy: The Demo Sessions

Crazy: The Demo Sessions is an album by American country musician Willie Nelson. It was released on February 11, 2003, on the Sugar Hill label.  These demos were recorded between 1960 and 1966 while Nelson was working as a songwriter for Ray Price's music publishing company in Nashville. 2000 vinyl copies were released On April 20, 2013, as a promotion for Record Store Day.

Track listing

All songs written by Willie Nelson, except where noted.

 "Opportunity to Cry" - 2:27
 "Three Days" - 1:15 
 "Undo the Right" (Rozell Manely Brown) - 2:59
 "What Do You Think of Her Now" - 1:14
 "I've Just Destroyed the World (I'm Living In)" (Willie Nelson, Ray Price)- 1:13
 "Permanently Lonely" - 2:41
 "Are You Sure" (Willie Nelson, Buddy Emmons) - 2:05
 "Darkness on the Face of the Earth" - 1:12
 "Things to Remember" - 1:46
 "A Moment Isn't Very Long" - 3:02
 "Crazy" - 3:58
 "The Local Memory" - 1:56
 "I Gotta Get Drunk" - 1:38
 "Something to Think About" - 3:03
 "I'm Still Here" - 1:51
 "Untitled Track" - 7:21

Chart performance

References

External links
 Willie Nelson's Official Website
 Sugar Hill Records

2003 albums
Willie Nelson albums
Sugar Hill Records albums
Demo albums
Seven Days to a Killing

Seven Days to a Killing is a British spy novel by Clive Egleton, published in 1973. It was adapted to film as The Black Windmill in 1974, with Michael Caine as the lead. It concerns an MI6 officer whose son is kidnapped, and a ransom of $500,000 demanded.

1973 British novels
British novels adapted into films
British spy novels
Hodder & Stoughton books
Vladimir Rayevsky

Vladimir Fedoseyevich Rayevsky (;  – ) was a Russian poet, who participated in the Patriotic war of 1812.

After the war, when living in Tiraspol, he became a leading member of the Southern Society of Decembrists. The world's only known statue of him is located in Tiraspol.

References

1795 births
1872 deaths
Russian male poets
19th-century poets
19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire
Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress
Chițcani (disambiguation)

Chițcani may refer to several places in Moldova:
Chițcani, a commune in Căușeni district
Chițcanii Vechi, a commune in Telenești district, and its village of Chițcanii Noi

and to several places in Romania:
Chițcani, a village in Costești Commune, Vaslui County
Chițcani, a village in Boghești Commune, Vrancea County
Don't Wanna Cry (Namie Amuro song)

"Don't Wanna Cry" is a song by Japanese singer and record producer Namie Amuro released on the Avex Trax label, as her third single for her debut solo album Sweet 19 Blues (1996), It is her second consecutive million-selling single as well as her second consecutive number-one single. In December, the single took home the "Grand Prix Award" from the 38th Annual Japan Record Awards (analogous to Record of the Year from the Grammy Awards). 19 years old at the time, she is the youngest artist to have been awarded the grand prize.

Commercial tie-in 
"Don't Wanna Cry" was used in Daido Mistio commercials as its image song.

Accolades 
 Grand Prix Award (38th Annual Japan Record Awards)
 Best 5 Single Award (11th Japan Gold Disc Awards)

Track listing 
 "Don't Wanna Cry (Radio Edit)" (Tetsuya Komuro, Takahiro Maeda) – 4:40
 "Present" (Takahiro Maeda) – 4:39
 "Don't Wanna Cry (Original Karaoke)" (Tetsuya Komuro) – 4:37
 "Present (Original Karaoke)" (Takahiro Maeda) – 4:38

Personnel 
 Namie Amuro – vocals, background vocals

Production 
 Producer – Tetsuya Komuro
 Arranger – Tetsuya Komuro, Cozy Kubo
 Mixing – Chris Lord-Alge

Charts 
Oricon sales chart (Japan)

Oricon sales chart (Japan)

TV performances 
 December 31, 1996 – 38th Japan Record Awards
 December 31, 1996 &–; Kōhaku Uta Gassen
 June 5, 2006 – SMAPXSMAP

References 
  "Singing sensation plans Hawaii concert"

External links 
 Songwriter, Takahiro Maeda's thoughts on "Don't wanna cry"
 Songwriter, Takahiro Maeda's thoughts on "present"

1996 singles
1996 songs
Namie Amuro songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Songs written by Tetsuya Komuro
Avex Trax singles
Ligue nationale d'improvisation

The Ligue nationale d'improvisation (LNI) (French for "National Improvisation League") is an improvisational comedy theatre company created in Quebec. Most of the participants are thespians, comedians or humorists. The Improvisation League format has spread to France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy and Argentina.

Description
Although the format has evolved over the years, it has always included humor, improvisation, and certain characteristics inspired by hockey: hockey jerseys, referees, and an audience that surrounds the performance area, which looks like a hockey rink.

Teams in the league are made up of six members: three men and three women. A referee chooses at random a topic that the participants must act out. The teams are given 20 seconds for a preparatory "caucus" to decide how to play the scene. After the scene, the audience votes for the winner by holding up cardboard signs displaying the color of the team they like.

Each scene or round is worth one point. The team with the most points at the end of the match wins.  A referee can also subtract points from a team's score if members break the improvisational theatre rules. If a team protests a judge's decision, the judge must justify his or her decision. The audience can also boo decisions they don't like.

Each round lasts from thirty seconds to twenty minutes.

History
The Improvisational League was created by Robert Gravel and Yvon Leduc in Montreal in 1977. It became very popular in the 1980s and many cities organized improvisation competitions.

In December 1982 the final of the sixth season of the LNI was broadcast by Télé-Québec, which led to even greater popularity. Teams and leagues sprouted up all over Quebec. From then on and until 1988, LNI matches were broadcast on TV by Télé-Québec.

During the 1980s, the LNI traveled to face the best improv teams of France, which led to the formation of the Ligue d'improvisation française (French Improvisation League). They also played matches in Belgium and Switzerland, which led to national improvisation leagues being formed in those countries. In 1985, the first Improvisation World Cup brought together teams from Canada, France, Belgium, and Switzerland in Montreal, Quebec.

References

External links 
 LNI - Ligue Nationale d'Improvisation

Theatre companies in Quebec
Improvisational theatre in Canada
Ma Junren

Ma Junren (; born October 28, 1944) is a Chinese track coach. He trained several world-class middle and long distance female runners including Wang Junxia and Qu Yunxia, who hold several world records. He and his pupils were also called the Ma family army () for their stunning performance in domestic and international events. 

Starting as a track coach in a remote rural middle school, he adopted a systematic, allegedly scientific training strategy, which includes encouragement, nutritional tonics using Traditional Chinese medicine and track training balancing stamina and speed.

There have been suggestions that he has employed performance-enhancing drugs as part of his training regime. He has strongly denied this, although six of his athletes were among 27 competitors dropped from China's team for the Sydney Olympic games after failing blood tests. As a result, he was dropped as a coach from the Chinese Olympic team. Following this episode, he and his entire team of athletes disappeared for several months, fueling further suspicion.

His training regimes were reputed to be extremely rigorous, involving extremely high mileage (in excess of a marathon per day) and run at high altitude.

Ma is also controversial for his temper tantrums. He has admitted to physically beating his athletes on occasion. His original squad fired him for many reasons, including the late allocation of sports bonuses.

Ma retired as deputy director of the Liaoning Provincial Sports Bureau on December 1, 2004. He is recently interested in fostering world-class mastiffs.

Allegations of doping & IAAF investigation 
News Reports surfaced February 2016 of a Chinese journalist who claimed 10 of the country's Olympic champions and world record holders have said they were part of a state-sponsored doping program, in a letter apparently from Wang Junxia, with nine other signatories, that alleged that the athletes had been forced to take drugs. Report initially surfaced via Tencent Sports and Sohu Sports and reported by China Central Television (CCTV) and throughout Chinese state media.

International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) subsequently opened investigation into the allegations.

References

External links
 Ma's army on the march again  
  Tough love and turtle soup is Ma's recipe

1944 births
Living people
Chinese athletics coaches
Sportspeople from Liaoyang
Killeter

Killeter () is a small village and townland near Castlederg in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 147.

Killeter has a yearly August fair, which celebrates the diversity and richness of rural life. The village itself sits along an ancient pilgrimage trail which winds its way to Lough Derg. The national cycle network traverses part of this trail, which is bounded to the west by Killeter Forest.

The writer Benedict Kiely has stated that he based the fictional village of Carmincross, in his novel Nothing Happens in Carmincross, on Killeter.

History
Killeter, plus the rural protrusion of Tyrone to its immediate west, would have been transferred to the Irish Free State had the recommendations of the Irish Boundary Commission been enacted in 1925.

Places of interest 
Near Killeter is the Magherakeel historical site with a holy well, lime kiln and ruins of an early church.

Meteorites 
On 29 April 1844, a shower of Meteoric Stones fell, in the sight of several people, at Killeter; they were broken into small fragments and only one piece was found whole.

References 

Villages in County Tyrone
1844 in Ireland
Meteorite falls
Meteorites found in the United Kingdom
Emma (Hot Chocolate song)

"Emma" is a 1974 song by the British soul band Hot Chocolate. Written by band members Errol Brown (vocals) and Tony Wilson (music), the song address themes of suicide, early death and lost childhood. Brown's lyrics celebrate his recently deceased mother. Their rawness was developed after the producer Mickie Most asked him for further "depth and darkness".

Emma reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart and number 8 in the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Lyrics 
The song details the love of the (nameless) singer and a girl called Emmalene from the age of five, through a wedding at 17 until her suicide at an unspecified later date.  Emma it seems wanted to be a "movie queen" but could never find the breaks and eventually kills herself because "I just can't keep on living on dreams no more."

Chart history

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Cover versions
Earth Quake recorded a cover version for their 1977 album, Leveled.
The Sisters of Mercy started performing the song live in 1983. The studio version was released on the b-side of the 12" version of their 1988 single, "Dominion", and on the 2006 re-release of the album, Floodland. A much-bootlegged alternate version from a 1984 John Peel radio session was officially released in 2021 on the "BBC Sessions 1982–1984" compilation.
Urge Overkill recorded a version for 1990 Touch and Go Records release, The Supersonic Storybook.

References

External links
The Sisters of Mercy: Emma (Peel Session)

Hot Chocolate (band) songs
1974 songs
1974 singles
1975 singles
Songs about suicide
Songs written by Errol Brown
Song recordings produced by Mickie Most
The Sisters of Mercy songs
Urge Overkill songs
Big Tree Records singles
RAK Records singles
Teenage tragedy songs
Songs written by Tony Wilson (musician)
Gîsca

Gîsca (meaning "[The] goose" in Romanian; ) is a village near in Căușeni District, Moldova, composed of a single village with the same name, population 4,841 at the 2004 Census. The locality, although situated on the right (western) bank of the river Dniester, immediately to the south-west of the city of Tighina (Bender), in the Bessarabian, not Transnistrian part of Moldova, is under the control of the breakaway Transnistrian authorities.

The village is located around a creek named Gîrla, which flows into the Dniester. The creek is small and not navigable, but it is the habitat of ducks and geese, which gave the name to the locality. The road south-west from the city of Tighina (Bender) follows into the Moldovan-controlled area immediately as the village of Gîsca ends, and the next village of Fîrlădeni starts.

At the census organized by the Transnistrian authorities in 2004, there were 4,841 inhabitants in Gîsca, including 819 (16.91%) ethnic Moldovans, 2,956 (61.06%) ethnic Russians, 719 (14.85%) ethnic Ukrainians, 168 (3.47%) ethnic Bulgarians, 91 (1.88%) ethnic Gagauzians, 22 (0.45%) ethnic Germans, 8 (0.17%) ethnic Belarusians, 7 (0.14%) ethnic Jews, 0 to 16 (0.17%) Armenians, 0 to 12 (0.12%) Poles, 0 to 5 (0.04%) Gypsies, and 13 to 44 (0.60%) others and non-declared.

In June 1992, during the War of Transnistria the village was the scene of alleged human rights abuses by Moldovans. According to a report of the Russian human rights organisation, "Memorial", members of the local armed Transnistrian paramilitary unit were killed in this village during a gun-battle with Moldovan forces. The Moldovan troops were said to have been finishing off the wounded. At least three villagers were killed by stray bullets and fragments of shells. Two more villagers were beaten by Moldovan volunteers, mopping up the village. On several occasions unprovoked fire was opened at the houses of villagers (there were no victims).

References

Villages of Căușeni District
Populated places under Transnistrian control
Bessarabia Governorate
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway

The Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway is a federally protected system of riverways located in eastern Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin.  It protects  of river, including the St. Croix River (on the Wisconsin/Minnesota border), and the Namekagon River (in Wisconsin), as well as adjacent land along the rivers.  The St. Croix National Scenic Riverway is one of the original eight National Wild and Scenic Rivers, largely as a result of legislation by senators Walter Mondale of Minnesota and Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin.  The largest scenic riverway east of the Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington.

Activities 
The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing.

Besides fishing, the riverway is a popular destination for canoeing, boating, camping, tubing, and hunting. Camping is provided at dozens of National Park Service-designated sites, at state parks along the river, and, in certain sections, anywhere users wish to camp.  The riverway also includes numerous hiking trails, some of which are designated in winter for cross-country skiing.

Management 
The riverway is managed overall by the National Park Service.  The riverway headquarters and main visitor center are located in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, with an additional visitor center in Trego, Wisconsin operated during the summer. Large areas along both sides of the river are also managed by state agencies and include state parks and state forests.

Parks and public lands 
 Saint Croix State Forest, MN
 Governor Knowles State Forest, WI
 Saint Croix State Park, MN
 Chengwatana State Forest, MN
 Wild River State Park, MN
 Interstate Park, MN & WI
 William O'Brien State Park, MN
 St. Croix Boom Site, MN
 Afton State Park, MN
 Kinnickinnic State Park, WI
 St. Croix Bluffs Regional Park, MN

See also 
 St. Croix River (Wisconsin-Minnesota)
 Namekagon River

External links
 Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway website

1968 establishments in Minnesota
1968 establishments in Wisconsin
Protected areas established in 1968
Protected areas of Bayfield County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Burnett County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Douglas County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Pierce County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Polk County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of St. Croix County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Washburn County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Chisago County, Minnesota
Protected areas of Pine County, Minnesota
Protected areas of Washington County, Minnesota
National Park Service areas in Minnesota
National Park Service areas in Wisconsin
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States