alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Impurity (New Model Army album)

Impurity is a studio album by British rock band New Model Army, released in 1990.

It was the first album without bassist Jason Harris, who had been replaced by Peter Nice (better known as "Nelson"). It was the band's last studio album with EMI.

The album sees the band venturing further into the musical territory which they began exploring on their previous album, Thunder and Consolation (1989). Violinist Ed Alleyne-Johnson was again a collaborator. It also contained the guitar work of Adrian Portas.

The album reached #23 on the UK albums chart in October 1990.

Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that the album "exemplifies a fervent, trend- bucking band that has remained true to its original goals."

Singles
The singles released from the album were "Get Me Out" (September 1990), "Purity" (October 1990) and "Space" (June 1991).

Versions
The LP contained 11 tracks, the CD version included the bonus track "Marrakesh".

The German gatefold-version of the LP had a slightly different cover-artwork. The band logo is printed in light-grey instead of the other version's red logo.

The album was remastered and reissued in 2005 with a bonus disc containing rarities, B-sides and live tracks.

Track listing
All tracks written by Justin Sullivan and Robert Heaton except where otherwise noted
Timings taken from 1990 CD version
"Get Me Out" – 3:19
"Space" (Sullivan, Heaton, Nelson) – 3:25
"Innocence" – 4:52
"Purity" (Sullivan) – 4:47
"Whirlwind" – 4:14
"Marrakesh" (Sullivan) – 3:13
"Lust for Power" (Sullivan) – 4:10
"Bury the Hatchet" – 3:18
"Eleven Years" – 3:51
"Lurhstaap" – 4:36
"Before I Get Old" (Sullivan) – 3:53
"Vanity" (Sullivan) – 5:31

2005 bonus disc
"Prison" (Sullivan) – 4:13
"Curse" – 3:53
"Far Better Thing" – 5:18
"Lurhstaap" (acoustic version) – 3:46
"Whirlwind" (live) – 4:06
"Space" (live) – 3:45
"Get Me Out" (live) – 3:31
"Purity" (live) – 4:14
"Innocence" (live) – 4:22
"Lurhstaap" (live) – 4:34

Personnel

Production
New Model Army – producer
Pat Collier – producer, mixed by, recorded by (additional)
Jessica Corcoran – engineer
John Cornfield – recorded by
Tim Young – mastered by
Joolz Denby – artwork
Keith Faulkener – layout, artwork processing
Michael Faulkener – layout, artwork processing

Musicians
Justin Sullivan – vocals, guitar, keyboards
Robert Heaton – drums, guitar, backing vocals
Nelson – bass, guitar, keyboards, spoons, backing vocals
Ed Alleyne-Johnson – violins
Adrian Portas – guitar
Joolz Denby – voice on "Space"

References

External links
discogs.com
The Official NMA Website
Original CD liner notes
Everyhit.com

New Model Army (band) albums
1990 albums
Drumgoole Plaza

Drumgoole Plaza is a public park that sits below the ramps to the Brooklyn Bridge in Manhattan, New York City, on Frankfort Street between Park Row and Gold Street, and next to the main building of Pace University at One Pace Plaza. Opened on November 5, 2003, the park is maintained by Pace under the management of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

History

Drumgoole Plaza was the first of the 13 public open spaces renovated or created with funds from Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to revitalize Lower Manhattan. after the September 11 attacks.

The Department of Parks & Recreation and Pace University reconstructed an empty lot into a sitting area with 1964 New York World's Fair benches. Other features include decorative paving, granite and concrete curbs, and streetlights for public safety and to illuminate the bridge structure. The landscaping added around 20 new trees, with species including goldenrains, honey locusts and hollies. 1,100 shrubs were added, including perennials, ornamental grasses such as winter hazel, hydrangea, blue star, and striped ribbon grass. Nets keep birds away.

The plaza had been named in 1989 in honor of John Christopher Drumgoole (1816–1888), a hero of New York newsboys who thronged the area when Park Row was the headquarters of New York City’s major newspapers, including The New York Times, in the building Pace now occupies at 41 Park Row. Drumgoole, who joined the priesthood in midlife, worked to help homeless youth.

See also  
 List of parks in New York City

References

External links 

 New York City Department of Parks & Recreation

Parks in Manhattan
Pocket parks
Civic Center, Manhattan
Long-tailed paradigalla

The long-tailed paradigalla (Paradigalla carunculata) is a large, approximately 37 cm long, black bird-of-paradise with long and pointed tail. One of the most plain members in the family Paradisaeidae, its only adornment is the colorful facial wattles of yellow, red and sky-blue near base of the bill. Both sexes are similar in appearance, however the female is slightly duller and smaller.

One of the least known members in the family Paradisaeidae, the long-tailed paradigalla is endemic to the Arfak Mountains in Doberai Peninsula, West Papua of Indonesia.

The long-tailed paradigalla is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Subspecies
 Paradigalla carunculata carunculata
 Paradigalla carunculata intermedia

References

External links

 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Red Data Book

long-tailed paradigalla
Birds of the Doberai Peninsula
long-tailed paradigalla
Taxa named by René Lesson
Endemic birds of Indonesia
Sīn with four dots above

ݜ (Unicode name: Arabic Letter Seen With Four Dots Above) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from sīn (ﺱ) with the addition of four dots or two horizontal lines above the letter. It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used in Shina to represent voiceless retroflex fricative, .  It is written as ݰ in Khowar.

References

Arabic letters
Lucio Agostini

Lucio Agostini (Fano, Italy, 30 December 1913 – Toronto, 15 February 1996) was an Italian-born composer, arranger, and conductor who established his career in Canada.

Life

At age three, Agostini moved with his family to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His father, Giuseppe Agostini, was a composer and conductor and it is from him that he had his initial musical training beginning at age five. He later pursued further studies in harmony and composition with Louis Michiels and Henri Miro and in cello with Peter Van der Meerschen.

At 16, Agostini was playing with the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal as a cellist and was a part-time band player in a nightclub band playing saxophone and clarinet. From 1932 to 1943, he composed film music for the Associated Screen News of Canada newsreels, and in 1934 he began working as a conductor for the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (the forerunner to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). In Toronto, where he moved in 1943, he composed and conducted the incidental music for drama series and variety programs on the CBC radio and television, and for over 20 years he held the position as conductor and arranger on the popular weekly series Front Page Challenge. As a composer, he wrote for The Tommy Ambrose Show and The World of Music, musicals, scores for movies (including a brief stint in Hollywood from 1955–56), shorts (many for the National Film Board of Canada’s Canada Carries On and The World in Action series), concertos and an opera.

Agostini won the John Drainie Award at the 12th ACTRA Awards in 1983 in recognition of his contributions to broadcasting in Canada.

References

 Conductor led first CBC program at 18, The Globe and Mail, The Arts, Saturday, 17 February 1996. C2. accessed on 18 October 2006.

External links
National Library of Canada Music Archives: Lucio Agostini
Canadian Communications Foundation: Lucio Agostini

1913 births
1996 deaths
Canadian film score composers
Male film score composers
Italian emigrants to Canada
People of Marchesan descent
Canadian male composers
Male conductors (music)
Musicians from Montreal
20th-century Canadian conductors (music)
20th-century Canadian composers
20th-century Canadian male musicians
François-Marie Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes

François-Marie Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes (17 June 170025 March 1736) was a Canadian explorer and soldier who established several forts in what is now the U.S. state of Indiana, including Fort Vincennes.

François-Marie Bissot was born in Montreal to Jean-Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes and Marguerite Forestier on 17 June 1700. He was named François Margane after his godfather and uncle. In 1717, he joined his father at Kekionga, a village of the Miami People near present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana in northeastern Indiana.  His father was in charge of promoting loyalty to the French among the Miami. By 1718 Vincennes was working among the Ouiatenon Miamis on the upper Ouabache River. When his father died in 1719, François seemed to be the natural replacement.

In May 1722, Vincennes was commissioned an ensign and took control of Fort Ouiatenon near present-day Lafayette, Indiana. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in 1730 and  made commandant in what is now southern Indiana. The area became increasingly important to New France in keeping their connection to Louisiana open and keeping British traders out. Vincennes was central to this endeavor and also became increasingly attached to the Louisiana contingent. He was commissioned to build a trading post on the Wabash River and established Fort Vincennes where the modern city of Vincennes, Indiana, is located. Despite pleas by the governor of Louisiana to increase funding for Vincennes's project, the directors of the Company of the Indies, which controlled the territory at the time, were not responsive. Still, Vincennes convinced local Piankeshaw to establish a village at the post. In 1732, after the company returned Louisiana to the direct control of the king, funding and support for Vincennes's outpost increased.

In 1733, he married the daughter of Philippe Longpré of Kaskaskia. They had two daughters, Marie Therese and Catherine, the first children of his new village.

On 25 March 1736, Vincennes was burnt by the Chickasaw Indians, along with other captive French at the village of Ogoula Tchetoka, near the present site of Fulton, Mississippi, although the historical marker in Vincennes (pictured in this article) gives the location as Fulton, Tennessee. They were captured as the result of ill-advised raids in coordination with Pierre D'Artaguiette. The raids are now known as the Chickasaw Campaign of 1736 of the Chickasaw Wars.

References 
Notes

Citations

Bissot
Bissot
Bissot
Canadian explorers
French Quebecers
Milan Kurepa

Milan V. Kurepa (1933–2000) was a renowned Serbian atomic physicist.

Biography
Kurepa was born on 1 May 1933 in town of Bačka Palanka, Vojvodina, Serbia. In 1956, he began his working at the Vinca Nuclear Institute in Belgrade. Kurepa graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Mathematics under Aleksandar Milojević, and later electrical engineering in the United Kingdom, under J. D. Craggs. His thesis topic was slow electron scattering off atoms and molecules.

Kurepa then joined the University of Belgrade physics department as an assistant professor. He became a professor in 1981 and continued in that position until his retirement in 1998. Kurepa often worked at Universities abroad, including Germany and the UK. Kurepa's pedagogical work at the undergraduate and graduate levels was highly valued. He was a coauthor of 12 university and 4 high-school textbooks.

In 1964, Kurepa joined the newly founded Institute of Physics at the University of Belgrade as a research scientist. There, he started the Atomic Physics Laboratory. Due primarily to Kurepa's leadership, the Atomic Physics Laboratory gained an international reputation in the field of electron collisions with atoms or molecules. At present, about a dozen of Kurepa's students are scientists and professors at leading universities in Australia, Belgium, the UK, France, Germany, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United States.
 
He was an outstanding organizer, coordinating numerous domestic and international conferences. He served as president of many Yugoslavian  academic institutions.

In 1994, Kurepa was elected the corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. During the isolation of Yugoslavian scientists from the rest of the world due to United Nations sanctions, Kurepa organized a very successful meeting of SANU in 1997 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the electron.

Kurepa fought for democracy in Yugoslavia. A vigorous adversary of Slobodan Milosevic's regime, Kurepa founded in 1997 the Association of University Professors and Scientists, with the principal aim of fighting for the recovery of basic university freedoms in Serbia. He was AUPR's first president. The association has been especially active since 1998, when the University Act was introduced to abolish the autonomy of Serbian universities. AUPR has organized protest meetings at Serbian universities, published statements regarding university autonomy and freedom of opinion, appealed to international academic associations for intervention with the Serbian government, and engaged in similar activities.

During the 2000 electoral campaign, Kurepa traveled around Serbia with the students' movement Otpor!. Otpor awarded him a certificate, acknowledging him as "the most resistive professor."

Other
He was part of the Kurepa family that produced Svetozar Kurepa and Djuro Kurepa.

References
Biography
Kurepa's Publications

1933 births
2000 deaths
People from Bačka Palanka
Serbian physicists
Serbian scientists
University of Belgrade Faculty of Mathematics alumni
Yugoslav scientists
Mountain Rock Music Festival

Mountain Rock Music Festivals, held on a farm near Woodville and later moved to a site near Palmerston North, were widely celebrated Kiwi music events in New Zealand during the 1990s. The event was created and promoted by Paul Geange and Paul Campbell, a Palmerston North Musician and founder of the infamous El Clubbo and the Palmerston North Musician's Society.

New Zealand's online encyclopedia, Te Ara, notes that "There are regular jazz, folk, ethnic and country music awards and festivals, some of which have been in existence for decades. Large music festivals, for example Sweetwaters, Nambassa and The Big Day Out, have been staged periodically since the 1970s."

Event years
 1992 Mountain Rock Music Festival I
 1993 Mountain Rock Music Festival II
 1994 Mountain Rock Music Festival III
 1995 Mountain Rock Music Festival IV
 1996 Mountain Rock Music Festival V

Musicians
Mountain Rock Music Festival III:
 Dragon
 Hello Sailor
 Southside of Bombay
 Supergroove
 Midnight Oil
 Shona Laing
 Dave Dobbyn
 Straitjacket Fits
 The Exponents
 Kevin Borich Express
 Shihad
 The Mutton Birds
 Jan Hellriegel
 Greg Johnson Set
 Desert Road, the promoter's band.
 Rick Bryant
 Bill Direen
 Wildfire
 Head Like a Hole
 Silent Scream
 Steve Cooke
 Mana
 Pacific Edge (Dan Francis-Lead Guitar, Andrew Owen-Rhythm/Lead Guitar-Lead/Backup Vocals, Laura Bailey-Saxophone-Lead/Backup vocals, Malcolm Jones-Drums, Russel laris-Bass

Film and television
The Maori Radio network broadcast Mountain Rock III live on air. 
On site, video and sound was recorded in the barn. Also, an independent film-maker from Auckland shot many hours on video and amateur video footage was also shot.

Further reading

References

External links
 Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
 Oceania Audio
 Bruce Sergent New Zealand Music

Rock festivals in New Zealand
Petrosquamous sinus

The petrosquamous sinus is a fetal vein that generally disappears by birth and, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus.

References

Veins of the head and neck
Jayne Atkinson

Jayne Atkinson (born 18 February 1959) is a British actress. She is best known for the role of Karen Hayes on 24, as well as her Tony Award–nominated roles in The Rainmaker and Enchanted April. She has also appeared in the CBS drama Criminal Minds as BAU Section Chief Erin Strauss, the CBS drama Madam Secretary as United States Vice President Teresa Hurst, and in the Netflix political drama House of Cards as U.S. Secretary of State Catherine Durant.

Early life
Atkinson was born on 18 February 1959 in Bournemouth, England. Her family moved to the United States in 1968 when she was 9 years old. She grew up in North Miami Beach, Florida, and graduated from Pine Crest School, where she was elected Homecoming Queen in 1977. She attended Northwestern University (BS Communications, 1981), where she was initiated as a member of Alpha Chi Omega and a sorority sister of Laura Innes; and graduated with an MFA from the Yale Drama School in 1985.

Career

After working in regional theatres, Atkinson appeared off-Broadway in the Manhattan Theatre Club's production of Bloody Poetry in 1987. She made her Broadway debut the same year in a revival of Arthur Miller's All My Sons.

Subsequently, she landed title roles in more stage productions, which include Henry VIII, Tru, and The Art of Success. She earned a Drama Desk Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in The Skriker in 1996. Atkinson's work in the Roundabout Theatre Company's 1999 production of The Rainmaker earned her a Tony Award nomination, and her performance in the 2003 play Enchanted April earned her an Outer Critics Circle Award, another Tony Award nomination and a Drama Desk nomination.

In 2009, she starred as Ruth Condomine in a Broadway revival of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit, which co-starred Rupert Everett, Christine Ebersole, and Angela Lansbury.

She has appeared in such films as Free Willy, Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home, 12 and Holding, Blank Check,
The Village and
Syriana. Her television acting credits include A Year in the Life, Parenthood, The X-Files, Law & Order, The Practice, Criminal Minds, 24, Gossip Girl and House of Cards, opposite Kevin Spacey and husband Michel Gill. Her performance in the made-for-TV movie Our Town garnered her a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

Personal life

Atkinson is married to actor Michel Gill, with whom she has one son. Atkinson and Gill met when they appeared together in a 1989 production of The Heiress at the Long Wharf Theater in New Haven, Connecticut. They both appeared in House of Cards, though not as a couple: Gill played President Garrett Walker and Atkinson played Secretary of State Catherine Durant.

Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

References

External links

Jayne Atkinson at Lortel Archives: The Internet Off-Broadway Database

1959 births
Living people
Actresses from Florida
British emigrants to the United States
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
People from Hollywood, Florida
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni
21st-century American actresses
Pine Crest School alumni
Flora, Oregon

Flora is an unincorporated community in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located about 35 miles north of Enterprise, just off Oregon Route 3, and is considered a ghost town. Its elevation is 4350 ft. The community includes 6 mines.

History

Flora was platted on April 7, 1897. By 1910, it had a population of 200 residents and an eight-room school. It is considered "the most substantial town to fail" in the Northeast Oregon region.

The community was named after the daughter of the first postmaster, A. D. Buzzard. Flora post office operated from 1890–1966. The Flora School, built in 1915, is on the National Register of Historic Places. Now known as the Flora School Education Center, the schoolhouse has been restored as a pioneer arts education center.

See also
List of ghost towns in Oregon

References

External links
Historic images of Flora from Salem Public Library
Historic images of Flora from the University of Oregon Digital Archives

Ghost towns in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Wallowa County, Oregon
Populated places established in 1897
1897 establishments in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Francis Tresham (game designer)

Francis Tresham (1936 – 23 October 2019) was a British board game designer who produced board games since the early 1970s. Tresham founded and ran games company Hartland Trefoil (founded 1971), a company well-known for its Civilization board game, until its sale to MicroProse in 1997. His 1829 game was the first of the 18xx board game series and some of his board games inspired Sid Meier computer games such as Railroad Tycoon.

Francis Tresham was the first to introduce a technology tree into his boardgames. This idea had a large influence on later board and computer games.

He was managing director of Tresham Games, which produced 18xx-style board games. In 2013, he was one of the first inductees in the UK Games Expo Hall of Fame. He died on 23 October 2019.

Published board games
1825
1829
1829 Mainline
1830
1853
Civilization
Revolution: The Dutch Revolt 1568–1648
Shocks & Scares
Spanish Main
The Game of Ancient Kingdoms

References

External links
 Current list of available games from Tresham Games

Board game designers
1936 births
2019 deaths
British game designers
Superior cerebral veins

The superior cerebral veins are several cerebral veins that drain the superolateral and superomedial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres into the superior sagittal sinus. There are 8-12 cerebral veins. They are predominantly found in the sulci between the gyri, but can also be found running across the gyri.

Anatomy

Fate 
The superior cerebral veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus individually. The anterior veins run at near right angles to the sinus while the posterior and larger veins are directed at oblique angles, opening into the sinus in a direction opposed to the current (anterior to posterior) of the blood contained within it.

Additional images

References

External links
 Diagram

Veins of the head and neck
London Underground L Stock

London Underground L Stock was a clerestory-roofed rail stock built for the District line in 1932 and subsequently absorbed into the London Underground Q Stock, being redesignated Q31 Stock.

The L Stock trains were built to provide additional rolling stock for the eastward extension of the District Line from Barking to Upminster. Two new electrified tracks were added parallel to the existing steam-operated LMS lines, including several new stations such as Upminster Bridge.

Forty-five cars were built by the Union Construction Company, eight were driving motor cars and the rest were trailers. The eight motor cars, numbered 700-714 (even numbers only), were initially owned by the London Midland and Scottish Railway.

The L Stock was based on the 1927 K Stock.

The conversion from L Stock to Q31 Stock took place in the late 1930s, with the major modification being the conversion of the hand-operated sliding doors to air operation. The last Q Stock trains were withdrawn in 1971.

Metropolitan District Railway
L
Train-related introductions in 1931
Internal auditory veins

The veins of the vestibule and semicircular canals accompany the arteries, and, receiving those of the cochlea at the base of the modiolus, unite to form the internal auditory veins (or veins of labyrinth) which end in the posterior part of the superior petrosal sinus or in the transverse sinus.

References 

Veins of the head and neck
London Underground K Stock

London Underground K Stock is a clerestory-roofed rail stock built for the District line in 1927. It was subsequently absorbed into the London Underground Q Stock.

A complete review of District line rolling stock was carried out in 1926, leading to the withdrawal of further B Stock cars and their replacement, plus additional rolling stock to increase frequencies. This led to the construction of the K Stock, some of which was owned by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).

As built, the cars had hand-operated sliding doors. The doors were converted to air operation in 1938 as part of the Q Stock project. The modified cars were reclassified as Q27 stock. The last of the Q Stock was withdrawn in 1971.

Metropolitan District Railway
K
Train-related introductions in 1927
Alfred Hunt

Alfred Hunt may refer to:

Alfred Hunt (steel magnate) (1817–1888), founding president of the company that became Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Alfred E. Hunt (1855–1899), founder of the company that became the aluminum company Alcoa
Alfred William Hunt (1830–1896), English painter
Alfred Hunt (politician) (1861–1930), Australian politician
Alfred M. Hunt (1919–1984), American businessman and philanthropist

See also
Albert Hunt (disambiguation)
London Underground E Stock

The London Underground E Stock were steel-bodied cars built for the London Underground in 1914 by the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company.

Thirty cars were built, twenty-six driving motor cars and four trailers. The E stock was based on the earlier C Stock and D Stock but differed in that the roof was elliptical rather than the clerestory roof of the C Stock and D Stock.

In the 1940s the C, D and E stocks were reclassified as "H Stock" (signifying hand-operated doors), along with other pre-1938 District Line rolling stock that had not been converted to have air-operated doors. The H Stock was largely eliminated by the early 1950s, following replacement by R Stock. The remaining cars were largely confined to the Olympia shuttle service. While the last example was withdrawn from passenger service in 1958, one motor car was used as a "Stores Carrier" car No. SC636, painted in the then-current LT service stock grey livery and fitted with side buffers and a screw link coupling at the cab end.  SC636 was observed in use in the summer of 1960 but had been withdrawn by February 1962. No E Stock car has been preserved.

They were generally similar in appearance to the B Stock, except that the E Stock had an elliptical roof.

References

Metropolitan District Railway
E
Train-related introductions in 1914
Agena

Agena may refer to:

Keiko Agena (1973), an American actress
Beta Centauri, a star
RM-81 Agena, a rocket upper stage family developed by Lockheed, especially the Agena target vehicle used in preparation for the Apollo program lunar missions
AMD K10, a processor codenamed "Agena"

See also 
 Aegina (disambiguation)
Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee

The Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee was a life insurance company based in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1903 by A. M. Burton (Andrew Mizell Burton), great-grandfather of singer Amy Grant.

Burton was a regional manager for the Western & Southern Life Insurance Company, based in Cincinnati, Ohio, when it decided to discontinue operating in Tennessee.  Burton was going to be discharged, but according to company lore, was told by his superior, "If you're the man that I think that you are, you'll start your own company," and he did so.

For many years, the firm sold a mixture of "industrial life insurance" policies, with small face amounts and costing low premiums, to working-class individuals and small farmers and "ordinary life" policies for middle class and affluent persons.  Much of this business was sold on the "debit" or "home service" plan, where usually the agent who sold the policy initially personally called on the client to collect the premiums when they became due.

In 1957 the company occupied its new home office, the 31-story Life & Casualty Tower, located at 4th Avenue North and Church Street in downtown Nashville; the building was briefly the tallest one in the Southeast. The company was also known for its ownership of radio and television stations WLAC, properties it held until the 1970s.

In the mid-1960s, the company was sold to the American General Insurance Company of Texas, but its operations remained largely unchanged until the early 1980s. In 1968 the former Knights Life Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (then a part of American General Insurance) had its operations transferred from Pittsburgh to Nashville.  When American General acquired longtime Nashville rival National Life and Accident Insurance Company in a hostile takeover it implemented plans to merge the two companies.  By the end of the 1980s this had been largely accomplished, and the L&C Tower, still a Nashville landmark but no longer its tallest building, was sold to outside interests.

The company Burton founded went through a series of mergers and acquisitions which now form American General Life and Accident, now headquartered in the Nashville suburb of Brentwood, Tennessee as part of American International Group (AIG).

Note

Companies based in Nashville, Tennessee
Financial services companies established in 1903
Defunct companies based in Tennessee
Life insurance companies of the United States
1903 establishments in Tennessee
California Academy of Tauromaquia

The California Academy of Tauromaquia is a school of instruction for toreo, or Spanish style bullfighting, based in San Diego. Founded in 1996 by Coleman Cooney, it describes itself as the first school of its kind in the United States. The academy is dedicated to providing instruction in the art and craft of toreo to people from outside the taurine culture.

The school has enjoyed considerable success, training people of all ages and from around the world in the discipline of tauromaquia, and has been featured in over 200 publications worldwide.

References

External links
California Academy of Tauromaquia

Bullfighting
1996 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1996
Schools in San Diego
Douglas Hart

Douglas Alexander Hart (born 2 May 1965) is a British musician and music video director.

Career
Hart was the first bassist and founding member of the Scottish band The Jesus and Mary Chain, and played with the group from 1984 to 1991. He is noted for wearing black sunglasses and usually playing with fewer than four strings on his bass guitar.

In 1988, he branched out, releasing the solo acid house single "Speed Speed Ecstasy" using the name Acid Angels.

While in the band, Hart started to direct music videos for other acts. He founded his own video company and has directed over 80 music videos. The videos include many for Creation Records, such as My Bloody Valentine's "You Made Me Realise" and "Feed Me with Your Kiss", and he directed concert videos for The Stone Roses, including Live Blackpool. He directed "For Lovers" for Wolfman, featuring Pete Doherty; The Libertines' "Can't Stand Me Now"; three promos for Babyshambles, including "Killamangiro" and "Delivery"; videos for Primal Scream (including the Screamadelica video album); and videos for Paul Weller. He also worked as producer for Jesse Garon and The Desperadoes and Baby Lemonade from Glasgow on the Narodnik Records Label. Hart also directed the film Brazil 70, the Sexiest Kick Off for BBC Television.

In 2007, Hart took up the bass guitar again and played with Sian Alice Group, touring with Spiritualized.

In early 2009, Hart directed the music video for The Horrors' "Sea Within a Sea" as well as Pet Shop Boys' "Did You See Me Coming?".

Hart also wrote directed a semi-autobiographical short film titled Long Distance Information with Peter Mullan in a leading role. It was screened at the 2011 London Film Festival.

In 2016, along with Jeannette Lee, formerly of Public Image Ltd. and Steve Mackey, former bassist of Pulp, Hart began Call This Number, a guerrilla TV project making erratic film broadcasts from a North London garage.

In August 2018, Hart directed Miu Miu's Autumn/Winter 2018 campaign.

Political views
In November 2019, along with 34 other musicians, Hart signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn in the 2019 UK general election with a call to end austerity.

References

External links

Living people
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish bass guitarists
Labour Party (UK) people
The Jesus and Mary Chain members
1965 births
WIOO

WIOO (1000 AM), known as "Country Gold FM & AM", WIOO is a commercial AM radio station licensed to serve Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The call sign stands for the station's former long-time branding, "W-100," referring to its position on the AM dial. WIOO has aired a "country gold" format for the past 21 years, playing country music from approximately 5–50 years ago. The station is affiliated with Westwood One, and with Motor Racing Network, and Performance Racing Network for extensive NASCAR coverage.

WIOO is a "daytimer", broadcasting at full power from local sunrise to local sunset, and at reduced power from local sunset until 45 minutes later (during "critical hours"), after which it signs off to protect clear channel station WMVP in Chicago from skywave interference. The station's programming is simulcast 24 hours a day on FM translators 97.9 W250AP and 107.3 W297CO both in Carlisle. WIOO also simulcasts the majority of its programming on translator 93.9 W230AX, licensed to serve Shippensburg, Pennsylvania.

WIOO airs local news in Cumberland County, provides the noonday Tradio show for listener call ins each day as part of its one-hour news and information block, and carries live sports including locally produced Cumberland Valley Eagles football on the Carlisle frequencies and Shippensburg Greyhounds football on FM 93.9. The station carries major college and NFL football, NASCAR and Baltimore Orioles baseball during respective seasons.

History
WIOO signed on the air in 1965 and played contemporary music for most of its history. During the late 1960s and early to mid-1970s, it was a successful Top 40 station which, despite being a daytimer, competed with Harrisburg stations WKBO and WFEC for the teenage audience.

WIOO has a long-standing history of morning personalities dating back to the mid-1960s. They include Bob Hamilton, Dick Raymond, R.J. Harris, Jim (J.J) Jefferson and Marissa Osborne, Ben Barber, Jack Wagner, Scott Donato, Kirk Wise (Wise Guy), Dave Eddy, Larry Flood, and currently on the air veteran broadcaster Michael Andrews who doubles as news director. Currently, afternoon drive is handled by air personality and program director Ray Thomas. Ray has been a major force in Carlisle radio for over a quarter of a century. Robin Quivers, now of The Howard Stern Show, received her first radio job on WIOO in late 1979. Quivers beat out a field of three applicants from the Broadcast Institute of Maryland (BIM) to get the news anchor position at WIOO.

WIOO was granted a construction permit by the FCC in 2015. The station's day power will increase to 15,000 watts, and it will gain critical hours power of 2,700 watts. The station's critical hour power is subject to local sunset of WMVP Chicago, Illinois, on the same frequency.

Translators
WIOO programming is broadcast on the following translators:

References

External links
Country Gold 1000 - official website

Classic country radio stations in the United States
IOO
Radio stations established in 1965
1965 establishments in Pennsylvania
IOO
Beylik of Dulkadir

The Beylik of Dulkadir () was one of the Anatolian beyliks established by the Turkoman clans Bayat, Afshar, and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

Etymology
The meaning of Dulkadir is unclear. It was later Arabized or reinterpreted according to folk tradition as Dhu'l-Qadr, which means 'powerful' or 'mighty'. According to the 16th-century German historian Johannes Leunclavius, Dulkadir was a corruption of the Turkic name Ṭorg̲h̲ud. Franz Babinger considered it as very probable, as the name was likely derived from some Turkish name, further suggesting that this would also mean the dynasty of Dulkadir is related to the Turkoman tribe of Ṭorg̲h̲ud. On the other hand, Annemarie von Gabain proposed tulga-dar () as the original Turkic word it sprang from.

History
The principality was founded by Zayn al-Din Qaraja, a Turkoman chieftain, likely from the Bayat tribe, who established himself in the region of Elbistan in 1335, taking the town in 1337 and obtaining the title of na'ib from the Mamluk Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad. In 1515, after the Battle of Turnadağ, the principality was conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I's vizier Hadım Sinan Pasha and converted into a sanjak.

List of rulers 
 Zayn al-Din Qaraja (1337–1353)
 Ghars al-Din Khalil (1353–1386)
 Shaban Suli (1386–1398)
 Sadaqa (1398–1399)
 Nasir al-Din Mehmed (1399–1442)
 Suleiman (1442–1454)
 Malik Arslan (1454–1465)
 Shah Budak (1465–1467)
 Shah Suwar (1467–1472)
 Shah Budak (second reign) (1472–1480)
 Ala al-Dawla Bozkurt (1480–1515)
 Ali (1515–1522)

References

Bibliography

 
 
 
 
 

Anatolian beyliks
Dulkadirids
Former countries in West Asia
History of Kahramanmaraş
History of Adıyaman Province
Vassal states of the Ottoman Empire
ݭ

ݭ is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from sīn (س) with the addition of two vertically aligned dots above the letter. It is not used in the Arabic language, but is used in Kalami to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative, , and in Ormuri to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative, .  In Gawar-Bati, the letter is also used to represent voiceless retroflex fricative, .

References 

S
Tetrazolium chloride

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC, or simply tetrazolium chloride (with the formula 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) is a redox indicator commonly used in biochemical experiments especially  to indicate cellular respiration. It is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water, ethanol and acetone but insoluble in ether.

TTC assay

In the TTC assay (also known as TTC test or tetrazolium test), TTC is used to differentiate between metabolically active and inactive tissues. The white compound is enzymatically reduced to red TPF (1,3,5-triphenylformazan) in living tissues due to the activity of various dehydrogenases (enzymes important in oxidation of organic compounds and thus cellular metabolism), while it remains as white TTC in areas of necrosis since these enzymes have been either denatured or degraded.

For this reason, TTC has been employed in autopsy pathology to assist post-mortem identification of myocardial infarctions. Healthy viable heart muscle will stain deep red from the cardiac lactate dehydrogenase; while areas of potential infarctions will be more pale.

Note: TTC is somewhat heat and light unstable, so avoid these environments as much as possible.

See also 
MTT assay
Seed testing

References
 Difco TTC Solution 1%

External links

Chlorides
Redox indicators
Tetrazoles
Neville Island Bridge

The Neville Island Bridge is a tied arch bridge which carries Interstate 79 and the Yellow Belt across the Ohio River and over Neville Island, west of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Construction
Opening in 1976, after five years of construction, the Neville Island Bridge was the last link to finish on the 180 mile long I-79. It is also the second longest single spanning bridge in Allegheny County. The engineers, affiliated with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDot), developed the bridge with a 125' arch.

Problems
In 1977, a crack was discovered in the bridge.  The bridge was immediately closed to traffic and remained closed until repairs could be performed.  It was determined that the crack was not due to poor bridge design, but due to a failed weld.

Improvements
During 2010 PennDot completed a $20.8 million improvement of I-79, Neville Island Bridge as well as other intersections.

A new restoration project formally began in August of 2021; lane closures had been in effect on the northbound lanes since June. PennDOT contracted The Trumbull Corporation to complete the repairs at a cost of $43 million USD. Renovations include structural steel repairs, full structure painting, bearing and deck joint replacements, deck repairs and overlays, bridge barrier repair, substructure concrete work and drainage improvements. Work on the southbound lanes is expected to commence in 2022. The project includes long-term closure of the entrance ramp to  I-79 from Grand Avenue, detoured via Neville Island, the Coraopolis Bridge, Pennsylvania Route 51 South, and to Exit 64. The on ramp has since reopened.

See also
List of crossings of the Ohio River

References

Bridges over the Ohio River
Bridges completed in 1976
Tied arch bridges in the United States
Bridges in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Interstate 79
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
1976 establishments in Pennsylvania
Steel bridges in the United States
Best of Dolly Parton

Best of Dolly Parton was a 1975 compilation album of Dolly Parton's early 1970s work that has long been regarded by critics as the definitive representation of Parton's most influential period.  The album reached # 5 on the U.S. country albums chart, and contained the title tracks to the previous six Parton albums, as well as the tracks "I Will Always Love You" and "Travelin' Man".

Background and release
The album was curiously titled Best of Dolly Parton, although RCA Records had previously released an album titled The Best of Dolly Parton in 1970, which remained in print at the time of this disc's release, as it would for several more years.  The album tracks, graphics and catalog numbers were of course different for the two albums (and this release does not have "The" as part of the title) but still there was some confusion about the albums.  This album is occasionally referred to as "The Best of Dolly Parton Vol. 2", but it never was released under that title, though a third "best of" collection was released in 1987, Best of Dolly Parton, Vol. 3, suggesting RCA regarded this collection as Volume 2, even if they did not include that designation in the title.

The album's original release included an 11 x 20" poster of the album cover inside the disc slip. The album's back cover features a large photograph of Parton in a yellow jumpsuit, a rare photograph picture from the period playing up Parton's curves and bust.

The original album was a gatefold design with an additional photo of Parton and the printed song lyrics in the inner section (including an additional final verse to "Coat of Many Colors" that is not included in the recorded version). For unknown reasons, when the album was reissued on CD in the 1990s, the inner gatefold photo was used on the outer cover, rather than the cover photo of the original album release. The order of some of the songs on the reissue was changed as well.

Eight of the ten songs were self-penned, major country hits for Parton, the gospel song "When I Sing for Him", written by Porter Wagoner, was released as a single but did not chart. "Lonely Comin' Down", also by Wagoner, was never issued as a single (though this same recording was included on two different studio albums: 1972's My Favorite Songwriter: Porter Wagoner, and 1974's Jolene).

The album is credited as "Produced and arranged by Porter Wagoner", although Bob Ferguson was credited as producer on the respective original albums.

Track listing
All songs written by Dolly Parton unless otherwise noted.

References

External links
The Best of Dolly Parton at Dolly Parton On-Line

Dolly Parton compilation albums
1975 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Bob Ferguson (music)
RCA Records compilation albums
Raiders Drum and Bugle Corps

The Raiders Drum & Bugle Corps is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Burlington, New Jersey. The Raiders perform in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions.

History
''Source:

The Raiders Drum and Bugle Corps was founded in 1990 by George Lavelle, Jr. with George Lavelle Sr., Trent Smith, Clarence Jackson, and Anthony Bestreski joining as members of the initial board of directors. The intent was to provide the opportunity for young people to march in a highly competitive drum corps at an economical cost.

After a year of planning and preparation, the Raiders took the field on June 22, 1991 with a corps of 25 members, defeating two of the other three Division II/III corps in the show. Marching a schedule of local DCI and Garden State Circuit (GSC) shows, the Raiders finished the season by taking second place in the GSC.

The corps' second season saw a growth of nearly 100% and a tour to Ohio, Iowa, and the DCI Division III Championship prelims in Whitewater, Wisconsin, where the corps placed 19th among 29 corps.

In 1993, the corps again grew in numbers and moved to Division II. The Raiders won the first of seven GSC titles that year and finished 15th of 15 corps at DCI Division II Championships in Jackson, Mississippi. The corps marched DII only two more years, finishing placing 14th of 18 corps at DCI  in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1994 and 11th of 13 corps at DCI in Buffalo, New York in 1995.

The Raiders board made the decision to return to DIII in 1996 in order to cut expenses. This move paid off immediately, when the corps made finals and placed 7th of 31 corps at the DCI DIII Championships in Orlando, Florida. Over the following eleven years, the Raiders would make the DCI DIII Finals nine times and, in 2005, win the DCI Division III World Championship.

2005 DCI Division III World Champions.

In 2007, the Raiders moved back to Division II, placing 6th at the DCI Championships in Pasadena, California.

DCI combined Divisions II and III into Open Class in 2007, and the Raiders have been a finalist every year since, except 2018, placing as high as fifth at Michigan City (prelims) and Indianapolis, Indiana (semis & finals) in 2010.

Sponsorship

The Raiders Drum & Bugle Corps is a program of A+ Education and Performing Arts, a registered non-profit 501(c)(3) musical organization. The corps' Executive Director is Bob Gupta.

Show summary (1992–2023) 

Source:

References

External links

Official website

Drum Corps International Open Class corps
Musical groups established in 1990
1990 establishments in New Jersey
The Atlanta Georgian

The Atlanta Georgian was an American daily afternoon newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

History
Founded by New Jersey native Fred Loring Seely, the first issue was April 25, 1906, with editor John Temple Graves. They mainly criticized saloons and the convict-lease system.

In February 1907, Seely expanded the newspaper by buying out the Atlanta News.

The newspaper was struggling when William Randolph Hearst purchased it in the spring of 1912 (his ninth newspaper property); he transformed it into a yellow press, making it much more successful, if less respected. Journalist James B. Nevin became editor (continuing until his death in 1931) and started the Empty Stocking Fund in 1927. That year the newspaper was awarded the Sutlive Trophy, given by the Georgia Press Association.

By the 1930s, it was the third-largest paper in Atlanta with a circulation of 75,000: far behind the Journal (98,000) and the Constitution (91,000).

In 1939, James M. Cox purchased the newspaper at the same time as The Atlanta Journal (now The Atlanta Journal-Constitution).  He closed down the Georgian, with its last issue being December 18, 1939. By this time, the Hearst empire had decreased to fewer than twenty newspapers.

Atlanta race riot of 1906
In 1906, The Atlanta Georgian and the Atlanta News, at the behest of gubernatorial candidates Hoke Smith and Clark Howell, began publishing a series of unsubstantiated sensationalized stories claiming that white women were being attacked and raped by black men. This was part of the candidates' attempts to disenfranchise blacks by inciting white fear.

It culminated in the Atlanta race riot on September 22, 1906, when the newspapers reported four alleged attacks on white women by black men. After the newspapers came out, a white mob of over 10,000 gathered and started attacking, beating and stabbing any blacks in the streets, as well as going to places frequented by blacks and assaulting them there. This resulted in the murder of 25–40 African-Americans. None of the culprits were arrested or prosecuted for their crimes.

See also

 List of defunct newspapers of the United States
 List of newspapers in Atlanta
 Media in Atlanta
 List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)

References
 Garrett, Franklin (1954). Atlanta and Its Environs. University of Georgia Press.

Notes

External links
 Atlanta Historic Newspapers Archive at the Digital Library of Georgia

1906 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1939 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
20th-century disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Cox Newspapers
Daily newspapers published in the United States
Defunct newspapers published in Georgia (U.S. state)
Evening newspapers
Hearst Communications publications
Newspapers published in Atlanta
Publications disestablished in 1939
Newspapers established in 1906