alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Ben Jonson

Ben Jonson (11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) was a major poet and playwright in English Renaissance drama. Many critics consider Jonson to be among the best playwrights of his time, a time when William Shakespeare also lived. 

Jonson was classically educated. He was a well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy of all kinds. 

He is best known for satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox (c. 1606), The Alchemist (1610) and Bartholomew Fair (1614); also his lyric and epigrammatic poetry'

1572 births
1637 deaths
British poets laureate
English playwrights
English poets
People buried in Westminster Abbey
People educated at Westminster School, London
Robert Browning

Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright of Victorian era. He was born in Camberwell, London. He was married to the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. They both moved to Italy and lived in Florence. He had one son. Browning died in Venice, Italy. He was buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.

He wrote a poem called The Laboratory which was about a woman using poison to kill her lover's girlfriend.

Browning's longest work was the poem The Ring and the Book. It consists of more than twenty thousand lines. It is based on a true story. It tells about a real crime committed in Italy at the end of 17th century. Its main hero is Pompilia Comparini, a young woman stabbed to death by her husband, count Guido Franceschini.

Poet's best work is probably the book Men and Woman. It was published in 1855. It is a collection of monologues.

Browning's last book is Asolando which was published in 1889.

Gilbert Keith Chesterton wrote a book about Robert Browning; it was called Robert Browning and was published by Macmillan & Co. in 1903.

References 

1812 births
1889 deaths
English poets
English playwrights
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Writers from London
The Unknown Warrior

The Unknown Warrior is a tomb of an unknown British soldier who was killed on the battlefield during World War I.

Burial
The unknown warrior was buried in Westminster Abbey on November 11, 1920.  The tomb is covered by a slab of black Belgian marble and is the only tomb in Westminster Abbey that people may not walk on.

It has an inscription on it that is written by Herbert Ryle, Dean of Westminster.

Medal of Honor
The unknown warrior was awarded the United States Medal of Honor on October 17, 1921.  This hangs on a pillar near his burial. The handles of the unknown warrior's tomb were lost, then found by a man in East London whilst digging up weeds.

People buried in Westminster Abbey
Joseph Addison

Joseph Addison (May 1, 1672 – June 17, 1719) was a famous author and essayist who is known as "The Noblest Purifier of English Literature". Addison is buried in Westminster Abbey in the north aisle of the Henry VII Chapel.

1672 births
1719 deaths
English essayists
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Ipiaú

Ipiaú is a city in Bahia, Brazil.

Location 
The city is in the meeting point of the Contas River and the Água-Branca River (White-water River).

Ipiaú is bordered by Ibirataia and Jequié to the north, Aiquara and Jitaúna to the west, Ibirataia and Barra do Rocha to the east and Itagibá to the south.

Economy 
The city is an important producer and exporter of cacao in Brazil.

Important people 
Is the birthplace of many noted Brazilian writers and musicians such as Euclides Neto and Luiz Caldas.

Cities in Bahia
1913 establishments in Brazil
German Empire

The German Empire or Germany ("Deutsches Reich" or "Deutsches Kaiserreich"or Deutschland in the German language) is the name for a group of German countries from January 18, 1871 to November 9, 1918. This is from the Unification of Germany when Wilhelm I of Prussia was made German Kaiser to when the third Emperor Wilhelm II was removed from power at the end of the First World War. In the 1920s, German nationalists started to call it the "Second Reich".

The name of Germany was "Deutsches Reich" until 1945. "Reich" can mean many things, empire, kingdom, state, "richness" or "wealth". Most members of the Empire were previously members of the North German Confederation. 

At different times, there were three groups of smaller countries, each group was later called a "Reich" by some Germans. The first was the Holy Roman Empire. The second was the German Empire. The third was the Third Reich.

The words "Second Reich" were used for the German Empire by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, a nationalist writer in the 1920s. He was trying to make a link with the earlier Holy Roman Empire which had once been very strong. Germany had lost First World War and was suffering big problems. van den Bruck wanted to start a "Third Reich" to unite the country. These words were later used by the Nazis to make themselves appear stronger.

States in the Empire

Related pages
 Germany
 Holy Roman Empire
 Nazi Germany, or "Drittes Reich"

1870s establishments in Germany
 
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
States and territories established in the 19th century
1871 establishments in Europe
1918 disestablishments in Germany
Centennial High School

Centennial High School is a high school is in Las Vegas, Nevada and is one of many high schools in the Clark County District.  Centennial is in the Northwest Region in the Centennial Hills Community.  In 2006 - 2007 there were more than 3000 students.

Sports
The mascot is the Bulldogs.

Centennial High School is home to the four-time Nevada Girl's Basketball Champions 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005.

Schools in the United States
Las Vegas
Nellis Air Force Base

Nellis Air Force Base (Nellis AFB) is a United States Air Force military base. It is located in the north part of Las Vegas, Nevada. It is home to the Thunderbirds. The base also trains fighter aircraft for the US Air Force. The base is named for William Harrell Nellis, a Las Vegas resident and P-47 pilot who died in action during the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. Nellis AFB is home to the F-15, F-16, and the F-22 Raptors.

The main base covers close to 11,300 acres (46 km²). Much of the base is undeveloped. The rest of the area is either paved or has buildings. The Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Airstrip was a part of Nellis. It used to be known as "Area 3". On June 20, 2005 the field was renamed to Creech Air Force Base.

Major Areas 
The base has three main areas.
Area I include the airfield as well as the mission support functions.
Area II contains the munitions area.
Area III contains housing, and the Mike O'Callaghan Federal Hospital.

References

Military aviation
United States Air Force
Las Vegas
Buildings and structures in Nevada
1941 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Nevada
Women's basketball

Women's basketball is a sport for women. The rules are the same as men's basketball, but the ball is smaller. It is popular in colleges, universities, and professionally.

Different rules 
Modern rules for women's basketball are much the same as those for men's basketball, with a few changes.

Basketball size
The correct size for the ball in WNBA (Women's National Basketball Association) rules is a minimum of 28.5 inches (72.4 cm) in circumference. This is 1.00 inch (2.54 cm) smaller than the NBA ball. From 2004, this size is used for all professional women's competitions around the world.

Court dimensions
The three-point line (a line from which a ball thrown into the basket is worth three points) is 20 feet and 6.25 inches (6.25 m) from the middle of the basket in WNBA competition. Also, there is no block/charge arc under the basket.

Shot clock
The WNBA shot clock is 24 seconds. Women's NCAA college basketball uses a 30-second shot clock. Men's basketball uses a 24-second shot clock.

Game clock
Basketball is normally played in two 20 minute halves. WNBA games are played in four 10 minute quarters.

Levels of competition

College
Women's basketball is very popular in colleges in North America. It is sponsored by athletics associations (groups that help organise sports). The most important competition is organised by a group called the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), and the winner is called the 'national champion'.

The 2007-08 national champion was the University of Tennessee Lady Volunteers.

American Professional Leagues

Women's Pro Basketball League
The Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL) was a professional women's basketball league in the United States. The league played three seasons from the fall of 1978 to the spring of 1981. The league is the first American professional women's basketball league.

Women's Basketball Association
The Women's Basketball Association (WBA) was a professional women's basketball league in the United States. The league played three seasons from the summer of 1993 to the summer of 1995. The league is said to be the first American professional women's basketball league to be played in Summer.

American Basketball League
The American Basketball League was started in 1996 because the Olympics made people more interested in basketball. The league played two full seasons (1996-97 and 1997-98) and started a third (1998-99) before it ended in 1998.

Women's National Basketball Association
The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) is a group that organizes professional basketball games for women. It is like the NBA (National Basketball Association), but for women. It was started in 1996.

Related pages
 Sports
 Basketball

References
Cebu

Cebu is an island province of the Philippines. Cebu has nine cities: Bogo, Carcar, Danao, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Naga, Talisay, and Toledo, with the largest city being Cebu City, the capital.

References
Siberian Husky

The Siberian Husky is a medium-sized working dog .It is quick and graceful. They have a compact and furry body, pointed ears, and a bushy tail. The husky is a sled dog. It is used for carrying a light load over great distances. Huskies show a balance of power, speed and endurance. Male huskies are usually thicker in appearance than female huskies.

The personality of the Siberian Husky is friendly and gentle. They are also alert and outgoing. They do not act possessive like a guard dog. They are curious, but they are not usually aggressive with other dogs. A husky's intelligence, and friendly behavior make them a favorable companion.
They usually have long fur.

Famous Siberians
Siberians gained in popularity with the story of the "Great Race of Mercy," the 1925 serum run to Nome.  This made dogs Balto and Togo famous. Several purebred Siberian Huskies played the part of the "half-wolf" companion in the television series Due South.

Related page
 Alaskan Malamute

References

Dog breeds originating in Russia
FCI breeds
Paradise

Paradise (often called Heaven, the Garden or Kingdom Come) is an idea in religion. It is a place where everything is good.

Theology
Afterlife
Classification

Classification could mean:

 Library classification and classification in general
 Optimal classification
 Biological classification
 Scientific classification (disambiguation)
 Classification (literature)
 Statistical classification
 Security classification
 Classification theorems in mathematics.
 Film classification
 CLASSIPHI, a seabed mapping tool supplied by QinetiQ
 Civil service classification, personnel grades in government
 Attribute-value system

Related pages
 Class
 Categorization
Heaven's Gate

Heaven's Gate was the name of a UFO group led by Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles, until their deaths.

The group ended with the appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp, in the United States in the year 1997. Applewhite convinced 38 followers to kill themselves so that their souls could ride on a spaceship they believed was hiding behind the comet. Beliefs such as this led some people to call this a "UFO Religion". This belief was made up of UFO, New Age and Christian ideas.

References

Other websites
Official website

UFOs
Cults
Positive number

A positive number is a number that is bigger than zero. The set of all positive integers is written as . 

A positive number can be written with a "+" symbol in front of it, or just as a number. For example, the numbers "+3" and "3" are the same.  

Positive numbers are written to the right of zero on a number line:

In the above line, the positive numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are shown.

Related pages 
 Negative number

References

Other websites 
 Math league website discussion of positive numbers

Numbers
Arithmetics
Thionville

Thionville (Luxembourgish: Diddenuewen, German: Diedenhofen) is a city in northeast France, close to the Luxembourgian and German border. It is on the left side of the Moselle River. About 41,000 people were living there in 2014.

History
Until 1659 Thionville was part of the Holy Roman Empire (as a part of Luxembourg till 1462). From 1871 to 1919 it was part of the German Empire, and from 1940 to 1944 part of Nazi Germany.

Other websites 
 
 Thionville Website

Cities in France
Communes in Moselle
Subprefectures in France
Metz

Metz is a city in France, the prefecture of the Lorraine region and the Moselle department.

History
There was once a city in Roman times, called Divodurum. It was the capital of a Celtic tribe called Mediomatrici.  They were called the "Mettis" for short, which is where the name "Metz" comes from. The Romans controlled this city for a long time as an important center in Gallia, but it was captured by Attila the Hun in 451. It was shortly after taken over by the Franks. 

Metz remained a very important city, and as the borders changed over the years, it became the capital of Austrasia (from 561 to 751) and of Lotharingia (from 843 to 925), before becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire (from 925). The city was handed to King Henry II of France in 1552. In 1633, it became the capital of a French province called the "Three Bishoprics". The Prussians captured the town in 1870 and Metz once again became part of Germany, until 1918 when it was won back by France. The Germans captured it once more in1940 but France regained it in 1944.

Monuments 
In this city, there are a lot of monuments like :

 The Opéra-théâtre, XVIII°s, the oldest theatre of France, it is on an island.

 The Place Saint-Louis, XIV°s, it is triangular, with arcaded houses typical of the architecture of Metz.

 The Cathédrale Saint-Etienne (St. Stephen's Cathedral), X°s, gothic style, with 6000m² of stained glass.

 The Jardin botanique de Metz (Botanical garden of Metz), 1866, there are 490.000 flowers every years and there is a greenhouse.

Climate 
Metz has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

Education 
 CentraleSupélec
 Supélec

Twin towns – sister cities 

Metz is twinned with:

References

 
Former regional capitals in France
Saar (river)

The Saar () is a river in northeastern France (Grand Est) and western Germany (Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate). It is a right tributary of the Moselle River. It rises in the Vosges Mountains in Grand Est and flows northwards into the Moselle near Trier.

The first written mention of the Saar, in Latin language as Saravus, is found in the poem Mosella by the Roman poet Decimus Magnus Ausonius.

Geography

With a length of , it is the largest tributary of the Moselle river. Its drainage basin has an area of approximately .

Course
The Saar river is born at the foot of Mont Donon, the highest peak of the northern Vosges Mountains. It flows first for about  through the French region of Grand Est. The Saar marks the border between France and Germany for about  from its confluence with the Blies, between the towns of Sarreguemines and Saarbrücken and goes into German territory.

Then the river flows about  through the Saarland, and about  through the Rhineland-Palatinate and, finally, flows into the Moselle at Konz between Trier and the Luxembourg border.

Upper Saar
The Sarre Rouge (Red Saar) and Sarre Blanche (White Saar) are considered as the two source rivers of the Saar.

The Red and the White Saar have their sources on Donon, less than  distance apart. The source of the White Saar is near the town of Grandfontaine (Bas-Rhin department), and the source of the Red Saar is near the town of Abreschviller, (Moselle department). The confluence of the two rivers is near Hermelange (), south of Sarrebourg.

The Saar river, and its two source rivers, flow first through the Moselle department, in the Lorraine region; then, for a short distance, flow through the Bas-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region. From Sarrealbe to Sarreguemines, the Saar flows along the border with Germany. At Sarreguemines, the Blies river, the largest tributary of the Saar, flows into the Saar and its discharge rises from 20.9 m³/s to 41.5 m³/s.

Middle and lower Saar
From Sarreguemines, the Saar is navigable (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass). Then the Saar gets into German territory forming a narrow valley through the western Rhenish Massif. At its beginning in this region, it forms the famous Saar loop (German: Saarschleife) at Mettlach.

After 246 km (129 km in France, and 117 km in Germany) the Saar flows into the Moselle river at Konz (Rhineland-Palatinate) between Trier and the Luxembourg border.

Grapes, to produce wine, are grown along the lower Saar, mainly between Serrig and Konz.

Tributaries of the Saar
Some of the important tributaries of the Saar are:

Towns along the river

Some towns and cities found along the river are:

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France
 List of rivers of Germany
 Mosel-Saar-Ruwer

Notes

References

Other websites

 MULEWF Rheinland-Pfalz: Saar  

Geography of Rhineland-Palatinate
Geography of Saarland
Rivers of Germany
Rivers of Grand Est
Konz

Konz is a city in Germany. It is on the Moselle River.

Museums 
Roscheider Hof, Open Air Museum

References

Other websites

Trier-Saarburg
Saar

Saar has several meanings:

Places 
 Saar, Bahrain, a town in Bahrain
 Saarland, a federal state of Germany
 Saar River, a river running through the borderlands of France and Germany
 Saar (protectorate), a French protectorate (1947–1956)
 Saargebiet, the League of Nations governed Territory of the Saar Basin (1920–1935)
 Sarre (département), a French département (1798–1814)

People 
 Ain Saar, an Ugaunian partisan leader
 Alison Saar (born 1956), an American artist
 Betye Saar (born 1926), an American artist
 Johann Jacob Saar, a 17th-century German explorer from Nuremberg
 Ferdinand von Saar, an 19th-century Austrian writer

Other 
 A Sanskrit word from India, means "Extract".
 A male name in Hebrew derived from one of two words: Se'ara (storm) or Sahar (crescent). When derived from the word 'Sahar' it is usually spelled as Sahar.
 Several classes of Israeli missile boats:
 Saar 3 class missile boat
 Saar 4 class missile boat
 Saar 4.5 class missile boat
 Saar 5 class missile boat

SAAR may refer to:
 Seasonally Adjusted Annual sales Rate, also Industry SAAR.
 Standard Annual Average Rainfall, a hydrological term used in the Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH).
Max

Max might refer to:

Given name

Fictional characters
Max Asher, a character in the television series Max & Shred
Max Rockatansky
Max Tennyson, a character from Ben 10 
Max Goof, son of Disney character Goofy 
Max Headroom, a character from the television series Max Headroom 
Max, a fictional character in the Pokémon anime 
 Max, a character in stories about Max and Moritz
 Max, a fictional character in the television series Max and Ruby

Other
 Max (book series), the main character in a book series by Barbro Lindgren
 Max Payne, a video game
 Max Dugan Returns, American comedy-drama movie
 Max, formerly HBO Max
Simple living

Simple living means to choose a lifestyle where you own fewer things and focus on what you need instead of what you want. People choose this lifestyle for many different reasons, often based on their views on health, economy, or philosophy, or because they want to protect the environment. Some people do it simply because it suits them better.

Some famous people who chose the simple living lifestyle are Francis of Assisi, Leo Tolstoy, Rabindranath Tagore, Albert Schweitzer, Mohandas Gandhi, and Henry David Thoreau. The Amish live simply by using only things that are described in the Bible.

Other page 
Asceticism
Vegetarianism

Lifestyles
Simple living
Meteor burst communication

Meteor burst communication uses radio waves which bounce off the ionized trails made by meteors as they enter the earth’s atmosphere.  It is also called Meteor scatter communication.

Meteors are lumps of rock which are floating about in space.  There are always meteors which are entering the earth’s atmosphere.  They normally burn up in the atmosphere.  A few very large ones that hit the earth are called 'meteorites'.  Most meteors are only tiny specks of dust.  As they enter the atmosphere the heat made by air friction rips off electrons.  This produces an ionized trail.  This trail can reflect radio waves in the same way that a wire would.

The meteors that are used for meteor burst communication are between one thousandth and one hundredth of a gram.  Meteors which are smaller than this are too weak to be used.  Larger ones are not frequent enough.

The ionized trail can last for several seconds.  During this time messages can be sent between two radio communication stations.  The messages will be transmitted very fast: about 200 times as fast as with ordinary shortwave radio communication.  A teletypewriter may type several lines of text during a meteor burst. The two stations that want to communicate will have to be ready all the time as they never know when the next burst of communication will come.  They may have to use several meteor bursts before the whole message is received.  The transmitters are often put on buoys in the sea.

Meteor burst communication was first widely used in the 1950s.  It was particularly useful for military communications, because a receiver could not tell exactly which direction the message had come from.  This was because the message was reflected on the way, so it did not travel in a straight line (i.e. in a simple great circle round the earth’s curve).

The use of communications satellites in the late 20th century has made meteor burst communication rare.

Radio technology
Meteorites
Spyware

Spyware is a category of software for computers. Spyware is malware that collects some data, usually without the computer users' knowledge. Very often, this data is then sent over the internet to someone else.  Very often, this is used for marketing.  Spyware can also be used to steal data from computers.  One kind is a keylogger which can see whatever you are typing.  Keyloggers can steal important information like passwords that you type. 

The best protection is to get a program that protects against spyware. However, many websites that claim to have them are actually spyware, not something to protect against it. This method of installing spyware is called a Trojan horse which looks like a normal program, but when it runs, it collects information to use against you. Spyware tracks your computer and uses some of the things on it. This includes your files, your downloads, and usernames/passwords for websites and programs. With this, the trojan operator can log into your accounts. 

There are spyware applications that are designed to enable users to spy on themselves rather than others. This is called myware. The term myware has mainly been applied to software applications in three areas: social networking, marketing and time tracking.

Related pages 
 Malware 
 Phishing
 Spyware removal software

References

Other websites 
 What Is Spyware? from Microsoft

Need a blog to remove Santivirus 
 Remove the Spyware?
Vector space

A vector space is a collection of mathematical objects called vectors, along with some operations you can do on them. Two operations are defined in a vector space: addition of two vectors and multiplication of a vector with a scalar. These operations can change the size of a vector and the direction it points to. The most important thing to understand is that after you do the addition or multiplication, the result is still in the vector space; you have not changed the vector in a way that makes it not a vector anymore. A vector space is often represented using symbols such as ,  and .

More formally, a vector space is a special combination of a group and a field. The elements of the group are called vectors, and the elements of the field are called scalars. Vector spaces are important in an area of mathematics called linear algebra, an area which deals with linear functions (functions of straight lines, not curves). 

A vector can be represented graphically with an arrow that has a tail and a head. To add two vectors, you place the end of one vector at the head of the other one (see figure). The sum is the vector that goes from the tail of the first vector to the head of the second. 

Scalar multiplication means that one vector is made bigger or smaller (it is "scaled"). Scalars are just numbers: if you multiply a vector by 2, you make it twice as long. If you multiply it by 1/2, you make it half as long.

The "vectors" don't have to be vectors in the sense of things that have magnitude and direction. For example, they could be functions, matrices or simply numbers. If they obey the axioms of a vector space (a list of properties a vector space needs to satisfy), you can think of them as vectors and the theorems of linear algebra will still apply to them.

There are some combinations of vectors that are special. A minimum set of vectors that—through some combination of addition and multiplication—can reach any point in the vector space is called a basis (of that vector space). It is true that every vector space has a basis. It is also true that all bases of any one vector space have the same number of vectors in them. This is called the dimension theorem. We can then define the dimension of a vector space to be the size of its basis.

Related pages
 Abstract algebra
 Dimension
 Linear independence
 Unit vector
 Vector subspace

References 

Linear algebra
Vectors
Basis (linear algebra)

In linear algebra, a basis is a set of vectors in a given vector space with certain properties:

 One can get any vector in the vector space by multiplying each of the basis vectors by different numbers, and then adding them up.
 If any vector is removed from the basis, the property above is no longer satisfied. 

The plural of basis is bases. For any vector space , any basis of  will have the same number of vectors. This number is called the dimension of .

Example
 is a basis of  as a vector space over .

Any element of  can be written as a linear combination of the above basis. Let  be any element of  and let . Since  and  are elements of , then we can write . So  can be written as a linear combination of the elements in .

Also, this process would not be possible for any vector  if an element was removed from . So  is a basis for .

The basis  is not unique; there are infinitely many bases for . Another example of a basis would be .

Linear algebra
Jackson's chameleon

Jackson's chameleon (Trioceros jacksonii), also known as the horned chameleon, Jackson's horned chameleon, or Kikuyu three-horned chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in the forests of Kenya and Tanzania. They have been introduced to the United States and Hawaii.

Characteristics

Males 
Males are easily recognized, they have two horns above their eyes and one horn on their nose. If males are kept together in a cage, they get stressed, and eventually die.

Females 
Females do not have horns, or if they do they are very small.  Their biggest size is 15 inches.  This species gives birth to live young with a gestation period of about 5-10 months.

References

Chameleons
Reptiles of Africa
Resuscitation

Resuscitation is a thing to do in a medical emergency. It is first aid which is given to a person who is unconscious, and where breathing or pulse can not be detected. It is done to make oxygen continues to reach the heart and the brain. That way, a doctor may be able to restart the heart, possibly without damaging the brain.

The most common cause for a stopping heart is a heart attack.

What to do
The person helping must:
Make sure there is no danger
Get to the patient. Talk to them, ask direct questions (Where are you hurt?), give direct commands (Open your eyes!). The person helping tells them what he or she is about to do (I am going to touch your shoulder). 
Resuscitation is not needed if the patient responds. 
Call for help

Emergency medicine
Aubergine

The aubergine (also called eggplant or brinjal) is a plant. It is actually a fruit, but it is used like a vegetable. The plant is in the nightshade family of plants. It is related to the potato and tomato. Originally, it comes from India and Sri Lanka. The Latin/French term aubergine comes from the historical city of Vergina (Βεργίνα) in Greece. The aubergine eggplant is estimated to have been brought to Greece around 325 BC after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. Discovering this new vegetable during his conquest, Alexander the Great wanted to bring it back to his country on his return. After his death, members of his army brought aubergine seeds with them to Greece and specifically to the city of Vergina (Βεργίνα). The Latin/French term aubergine  (au·ber·gine) (\ˈō-bər-ˌzhēn\) is estimated around 1505 AD and is coined to Franco-Catalan gastronomist Sergius Rosario Silvestri, co-traveller and close friend to Amerigo Vespucci. Upon arrival to the historical site of Vergina (Βεργινα) and wanting to try the local delicacies, Silvestri came across the plant of aubergine. Not knowing its name, he referred to it as aubergine  (au Bergine or au Vergine) which in French means at Vergina or found at Vergina.

Vegetables
Fruits
Solanum
Coral Sea Islands

The Coral Sea Islands (or Coral Sea Islands Territory) is a group of islands on the Great Barrier Reef, in the country of Australia. Some islands have automatic weather stations or lighthouses on them. Willis Island is the only island where people live; four people there run a weather station. They are in the Coral Sea, northeast of Queensland.

References

Commonwealth dependent states
States and territories of Australia
Islands of Australia
Manioc

Manioc (or Cassava, or Yuca, especially in Latin America) is a shrub. It belongs to the Spurge family of plants and it grows in tropical climates. It is cultivated for its edible root. The manioc must be cooked properly to detoxify it before it is eaten and can be used in dumplings, soups, stews and gravies.
Manioc is a plant grown for its big white root. The root is an important food source for people in many tropical countries. Such countries are like Africa, South America and Asia. It is a tall, shrubby plant that grows to about 4-6 meters tall. It has large green leaves. The root of the plant is long and white. It is usually about 15 centimeters wide.

The root of the manioc plant is rich in carbohydrates. It also contains other important nutrients, such as vitamin C and iron. 100 grams of manioc root contains around 130 calories, 30 grams of carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber, 1.6 gram of protein, and negligible amount of fat.

To eat the root, it must be cleaned, peeled, and sometimes grated. It can be cooked in different ways, like fry, boil, or bake. It is used to make different foods like cakes, bread, and fufu.

Manioc is also used to make flour and other food products. The flour is gluten-free. The it can be used for baking and making different dishes. It is commonly used to thicken sauces and soups. Tapioca the popular ingredient in many dishes also made with manioc.

People eat leaves of manioc as a vegetable. People also used the young shoots in salads or cooked as a green.

However, it is important to note that it contains a toxic chemical called linamarin. It needs to be removed before eating. This is done by grating, soaking and cooking the root. If it's not done well, it can make sick.

In some places, people make a drink from the root called "cassava beer". Also, it is used as food for animals, and its leaves as forage.

Manioc can be grown with little care and few things, making it a good crop for small farmers. It can also be grown on the same land for a few years in a row.

Related pages
 Kinako

References

Malpighiales
Root vegetables
Life cycle

Life cycle means the stages a living thing goes through during its life.

In some cases the process is slow, and the changes are gradual. Humans have various stages of growth during their lives, such as zygote, embryo, child and adult. The change from a child to an adult is slow and continuous. In many societies it is marked by ceremonies at puberty.

In most insects the transition is sharp and well-defined: egg > larva > pupa > imago (adult).

Different generations have different forms 
In some animals, the parent generation looks different from the child. The most common case is that there are two different forms. One form will have sexual reproduction, the others might not reproduce, or might reproduce asexually.

Some plants and a few other organisms have a system called alternation of generations which is not quite the same because one form is haploid and the other is dipoid.

Parasites 
Parasites are organisms that benefit from harming  other organisms. The organism they profit from is usually called host. Many parasites have complex life cycles, where they need different hosts for different stages of their development. As an example, the cycle egg > snail host > mammal host is common for parasites of herbivorous mammals. Malaria is caused by single-celled parasites. These parasites go through two stages in their development. One stage is in the blood of mosquitoes, the other in the blood of humans.

Cnidaria 
Examples of this can also be found in the Cnidaria. These animals live in the sea or in freshwater and the structure of most is relatively simple. Some live as single animals, others form colonies. In a colony, many animals live together. Often, each animal in a colony is specialized, and needs the other animals of the colony to survive.

Complete cycle 
A well-known example where different generations have different forms is the jellyfish. It has two:  
 One is called medusa: it reproduces sexually, and is what most people associate with the word jellyfish.Very ofen the medusa is free-floating.  
 The other form is called polyp. It does not reproduce sexually, and is usually sessile. Polyps are generally attached to the sea floor or another hard surface in the water. Coral reefs are colonies of polyps.   
In a complete cycle, the offspring of a medusa will develop into a polyp, and the offspring of a polyp will be a medusa.

Incomplete cycle and variations 
Sometimes the cycle is modified or incomplete. Anthozoa is a group of the Cnidaria which contains sea anemones and corals. In the anthozoa, there is only a polyp stage, and no medusa stage.

The  box jellyfish form another small group in the Cnidaria.  In the box jellyfish, the polyp transforms into the medusa. In some cases, only part of the polyp transforms, the part that is left regenerates to form a new polyp. People have also talked about the box jellyfish because many of them produce poison that is very effective, and that can be dangerous to humans.

In the stalked jellyfish, there is only one form, which has been interpreted as a sessile medusa.

Related pages 
Metamorphosis
Parasitism
Life cycle (computing)
Alternation of generations

Biology
Yucca

Yucca is a family of shrubs and trees, related to the agaves. There are between 40 and 50 different kinds of Yucca. All come from the hot and dry places in North and Central America, as well as the Caribbean. 

They have a very special way of pollination. There is an animal, the Yucca moth, which does the pollination. It also lays its eggs in the plant. The larvae will eat some of the seeds, but not all of them.

In many parts of the world, yuccas are grown as ornamental flowers. 

Agavaceae
Herb

Herbs are plants that are grown either as a food (usually as a condiment), or because they have some use in treating diseases (or making them better), or for spiritual reasons (for example, their smell). Some herbs may act as an aphrodisiac.

The word herb comes from the Latin word herba, meaning grass, green stalks, or blades.  Botanists use the word to mean any plant with soft, succulent tissues.  But many people use the word to mean only herbs with some economic value.

Herbs are small plants that have a fleshy or juicy stem when they are young.  The stems of some herbs develop hard, woody tissue when they grow old.

Most herbs are perennials.  This means that the top of each plant die each growing season, but the roots remain alive and produce new plants year after year.

Some herbs are annuals.  They live for only one growing season and must be raised from seed each year.

Uses 
The leaves, stems, or seeds of herbs can be used fresh, or they can be dried for later use.  Dried herbs can be pounded to a fine powder, placed in airtight containers, and then stored.

Some herbs are used in cooking to flavor foods.  Others give scents to perfumes.  Still others are used for medicines.  Some herbs, such as balm and sage, are valued for their leaves.  Saffron is picked for its buds and flowers.  Fennel seeds are valuable in relishes and seasoning.  Vanilla fruit pods yield vanilla flavoring.  Ginseng is valued for its aromatic roots.

Growing herbs 
People often grow herbs in their gardens.  Some people grow herb gardens for the patterned beds that they can create with these plants.  Many other gardeners grow herbs for the flavor that the fresh or dried plants add to food.

Herb seeds and seedlings are inexpensive, and the plants grow easily. People who do not have enough outdoor space for herb beds can grow most kinds of herbs in containers.

Many kinds of herbs can also be grown indoors.  The plants grow well with little care.  Gardeners plant herbs in good soil that has been well-cultivated.  They choose a sunny spot near a window.

Related pages
List of herbs

Other websites 

 Herb Information Resources
Podcasting

Podcasting is a way to share information as digital audio files.  People often  subscribe, download, and share podcasts using a computer and listen to them on an MP3 player.

Many podcasts are similar to broadcast radio news or discussion programs.  Some use other formats such as a continuing story, comedy show, lecture, or audiobook.

As of 7 August 2022, there are at least 2,864,367 podcasts and 135,736,875 episodes.

Different types 
Podcasts can be found for almost anything. Radio shows, do-it-yourself projects, special interest groups, religious sermons, comedy sketches, cartoons, and just about anything else can be found. A podcast can be found using a podcast search engine. Once a podcast is found, it can be subscribed to, like a magazine or newspaper, and streamed or downloaded. Podcasting services are used to stream or download podcasts and listen to them. 

Podcasting has become so popular that many people who write for magazines or report news on television have also been putting out their own podcasts. Anyone can start a podcast and share their knowledge with the world with the help of different platforms that are currently available online.

References

Other websites 
 Podcasting News Directory
Alexander Fleming

Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His father Hugh, died at 59 when Alexander was only seven. He is best known for discovering the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928. He shared  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for this discovery with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. His accidental finding of penicillin in the year 1928 marked the start of today's antibiotics.

Fleming was a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I. He saw many soldiers die of infection after being wounded, and after the war did research in bacteriology. After accidentally finding penicillin he studied ways to use it. 

Fleming died of a heart attack in London. He was buried in St. Paul's cathedral. 

.

Related pages
List of biologists

1881 births
1955 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
Knights Bachelor
British pharmacologists
Scottish biologists
Litter box

A litter box (sometimes called a sand box, a litter tray or a litter pan) is a place for cats and some other pets to use as a toilet. Litter boxes usually need to be cleaned regularly. Cats, for example, wish to have their box cleaned every two to three days. Some cats create litterboxes in places like playgrounds and sandpits. Litterboxes usually produce bad smells, which can be avoided by special litter. Many people buy a special kind of clay to fill the box, for this reason.

Pets
Playground

A playground is an area used by children to play in. They usually have equipment such as slides, swings and seesaws for children to play on. They are usually outside, but sometimes they are in a building. Having a playground can enhance your macadam surface and improve your kid’s time in the playground.

The equipment may be made of metal, wood or plastic. The ground beneath the equipment will not be hard in case a child falls. It may be a rubber floor, or there may be woodchips or sand. 

Playgrounds give children a place for physical exercise.  This helps them get and keep physical fitness and be strong and healthy.  Daily exercise reduces the risks of obesity.

References

 

Toys
Playground equipment
Phishing

[[File:PhishingTrustedBank.png|right|thumbnail|300px|An example of a phishing email, disguised as an official email from a (fictional) bank. The sender is attempting to trick the recipient into revealing secure information by "confirming" it at the ''phishers website.]]Phishing''' is a way that criminals get sensitive information (like usernames or passwords). It is a method of social engineering. Very often, phishing is done by electronic mail. This mail appears to come from a bank or other service provider. It usually says that because of some change in the system, the users need to re-enter their usernames/passwords to confirm them. The emails usually have a link to a page that looks almost like that of the real bank. 

Phishing allows criminals to get access to bank accounts, or other accounts like shopping, auction or gaming accounts. It can also be used for identity theft.

Phishing has changed surprisingly little over the lifetime of the Internet, however certain phishing tactics have gotten much more sophisticated. For example, many phishing techniques via email involve spoofing the email address and creating emails that are designed to look just like emails sent from the real company. Not all phishing attempts do this, however. 

Phishing can also be done over text, via instant messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger or WhatsApp, or even through small mail. If you receive a text from an unknown number that tells you to visit a specific website for any reason, it might be a phishing link.

Filter evasion  
Some people who do this started using pictures of text to make it harder for anti-phishing filters to see it. This sometimes works because the filters look for words often used in phishing emails/messages. However, people have invented better filters that can still read the text using OCR (optical character recognition).

Some anti-phishing filters can even read cursive, hand-written, upside-down, distorted (for example, wavy or stretched) text, as well as writing on colored backgrounds.

Other websites 
 E-scams and Warnings Update  – Federal Bureau of Investigation
 Bank Safe Online – Advice to UK consumers

Internet security
One Magic Christmas

One Magic Christmas is a 1985 Christmas movie released by Walt Disney Pictures, starring Harry Dean Stanton and Mary Steenburgen. The other cast is Gany Basaraba, Elisabeth Harnois, Arthur Hill, Wayne Robson, Elias Koteas, Michelle Meyrink, Sarah Polley.
The genre of this movie is family, drama, fantasy movie. The director is Phillip Borsos.

1985 movies
1980s family movies
Disney movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Phillip Borsos
Kidney failure

Kidney failure (also called renal failure) is a term used to describe when a person's kidneys stop working properly, or fail. Kidney failure can be divided into two categories: chronic renal failure, and acute renal failure.

Chronic renal failure 
Chronic renal failure develops slowly, and there are not many noticeable symptoms at first. 

Chronic renal failure can be a sign of other diseases, like IgA nephritis, glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, and urinary retention. 

Chronic renal failure will eventually develop into end-stage renal failure if it is left untreated. End-stage renal failure can only be treated with dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Acute renal failure 
Acute renal failure develops in a short time, and symptoms are more noticeable. Symptoms include:
 Urinating less than usual
 Changes in the amount of water in the body
 Electrolyte levels that are not normal
The cause of acute renal failure needs to be found quickly. Dialysis is often needed to prevent permanent damage to the body while the cause is being found.

Acute-on-chronic renal failure 
It is possible to have acute renal failure on top of chronic renal failure. This is called "acute-on-chronic renal failure."

References

Organ failure
Raoult's law

Raoult's law states that the vapour pressure of a binary solution containing a non-volatile solute is directly related to the mole fraction of solvent (i.e. volatile) in the solution.

Also, it states that the vapour pressure of each component in a binary solution containing volatile components is directly related to its respective mole fraction in the solution.
 
Relative going-down of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of non volatile and non-electrolytic solute. This is known as Raoult's law.

P-P(INITIAL)/P(INITIAL)=n(SOLUTE)/n(SOLVENT)

Thermodynamics
Overdose

An Overdose is  when someone takes too much of a certain drug. This may be done voluntarily (as an attempt of suicide) or involuntarily (accidentally). The drug may be a drug taken to treat some medical condition, or it may be a drug taken for recreation. Overdoses are considered to be poisoning, usually. They may lead to death, depending on the drug used.

What to do with people who had an overdose
If someone is thought to have had an overdose it is important to get them to a doctor, or hospital. It can be very hard to see what kind of drug was taken. Therefore, it can be hard for the doctor to find an antidote to give. For this reason, a packet (even if it is empty) of the drug should be taken. 
 Act as described in medical emergency, call an ambulance.
 In addition, the person who has taken the overdose needs to be kept from the effects of the drug. In the case of pills that act like sleeping pills, he or she must be kept from falling asleep or unconscious. In the case of pills that act like stimulants, he or she must be calmed down, moved to a calm environment.

References

Drugs
Shock (circulatory)

A person is in shock when blood is not sufficient to bring oxygen to the brain. The shock is progressive and can be deadly if it is not quickly made well.

The normal first aid action is the Trendelenburg position, the person is lying face upward, with his legs lifted. The blood is forced to flow to the brain.

Medical emergencies