alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bundestag (Berlin U-Bahn)

Bundestag is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the  line. The name of this station was changed in April 2006 from Reichstag to Bundestag to better reflect the physical location of the station and the function of nearby buildings.

History

Even though construction was completed in 1994, it took over a decade until the subway line U55 went into service in August 2009. In the intervening period, the partially completed station with its high ceiling and unusual architecture served as a location for cultural events like performances of the opera The Magic Flute and saw use as a film set for the Resident Evil film series, for Æon Flux and for Equilibrium.

From 2009 to early 2020, only the eastern side of the island platform was used, and only as a shuttle service between Hauptbahnhof and Brandenburger Tor. On 4 December 2020 the U5 extension opened, and from this date both sides were serviced by trains.

References

External links

U5 (Berlin U-Bahn) stations
Buildings and structures in Mitte
Railway stations in Germany opened in 2009
Easy Lover

"Easy Lover" is a song performed by Philip Bailey of Earth, Wind & Fire and Phil Collins of Genesis, and jointly written and composed by Bailey, Collins, and Nathan East. The song appeared on Bailey's solo album, Chinese Wall. Collins has performed the song in his live concerts, and it appears on both his 1990 album, Serious Hits... Live!, and his 1998 compilation album, ...Hits. It is Bailey's only US Top 40 hit as a solo artist.

The song was a No. 1 hit in several countries, including Canada, the Netherlands, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. In the U.S., it spent 23 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, including 7 weeks in the Top 10, and peaked at No. 2 the weeks of 2 February 1985 and 9 February 1985, behind the chart-topping "I Want to Know What Love Is" by Foreigner. In the UK Singles Chart, it reached No. 1, staying there for four weeks. The single sold over a million copies in the U.S. and was certified gold, as the RIAA requirement for a platinum single disc was not lowered to one million units until 1989. In addition, "Easy Lover" has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and Music Canada.

"Easy Lover" won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Overall Performance in a Video in  and was Grammy Award nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals in 1986.

Background
In 1984, Phil Collins was hired as the producer for Philip Bailey's solo album, Chinese Wall.  According to Collins, Bailey approached him at the end of the sessions for the album and asked him to write a song together. In "Phil Collins: My Life in 15 Songs", a 2016 interview he gave to Rolling Stone magazine, Collins said of the song: "So we just started having a jam one night, and went round and round and turned it into a verse and a chorus. We recorded it that night so we wouldn't forget it. That song doesn't sound like any particular era. It's just fantastic." According to the official sheet music, the song is in the key of F minor and has a tempo of 105 BPM, though the studio recording has a tempo of 130 BPM.

Music video
The song's music video, filmed at Etward Studios, London, England, humorously depicts the making of a music video. It was produced by Paul Flattery and directed by Jim Yukich.

Personnel
 Philip Bailey – lead and backing vocals
 Phil Collins – lead and backing vocals, drums, keyboards, production
 Daryl Stuermer – electric lead & rhythm guitar
 Nathan East – bass guitar
 Lesette Wilson – keyboards

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
 

1984 singles
1984 songs
1985 singles
American pop rock songs
Cashbox number-one singles
Dance-rock songs
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
CBS Records singles
Columbia Records singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Male vocal duets
Phil Collins songs
Philip Bailey songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Phil Collins
Songs written by Phil Collins
Songs written by Philip Bailey
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Godrej

Godrej may refer to:
 Godrej family, a wealthy business family in India
Ardeshir Godrej (1868–1936)
Pirojsha Burjorji Godrej (1882–1972)
Adi Godrej (born 1942)
Nadir Godrej
Jamshyd Godrej
Pirojsha Adi Godrej
 Godrej Group, a group of companies founded by the Godrej family
Godrej & Boyce
 Godrej Consumer Products Limited
 Godrej Industries Ltd
 Godrej Infotech Ltd
 Godrej Properties Limited
Godrej Housing Finance Limited
Anneloes Nieuwenhuizen

Anne Lucia Cornelia Maria ("Anneloes") Nieuwenhuizen (born 16 October 1963 in Bussum) is a former Dutch field hockey defender, who won the gold medal with the National Women's Team at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Four years later in Seoul she captured the bronze medal with the national side. From 1984 to 1989 she played a total number of 87 international matches for the Netherlands, in which she did not score.

References
 Dutch Hockey Federation

External links
 

1963 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Field hockey players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Sportspeople from Bussum
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
20th-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch women
What? Records

What? Records was a short-lived record label started by Word Records and A&M Records, intended to focus on creative and unusual rock and roll records with spiritual messages.

In the short time that the label existed, it released albums by Mark Heard (under the name of iDEoLA), Tonio K. (two albums, the second of which was produced by T-Bone Burnett), and Chagall Guevara's Dave Perkins.

Discography
 Romeo Unchained - Tonio K., 1986
 Tribal Opera - iDEoLA, 1987
 The Innocence - Dave Perkins, 1987
 Notes from the Lost Civilization - Tonio K., 1988*
 Iona - Iona, 1990

See also
 List of record labels

American record labels
Christian record labels
Record labels established in 1986
Record labels disestablished in 1988
American companies established in 1986
Victor Ehrenberg (jurist)

Victor Gabriel Ehrenberg (22 August 1851 – 10 March 1929) was a German jurist.

Biography
Ehrenberg was born in Wolfenbüttel, Duchy of Brunswick. He was the son of a Jewish couple, Philipp Samuel Ehrenberg and Julie Fischel, Principal of the Samson School in Wolfenbüttel. After gymnasium in Wolfenbüttel he studied legal science in Göttingen, Leipzig, Heidelberg and Freiburg. His brothers were Otto Ehrenberg and Richard Ehrenberg.

He gave lectures at the Universities of Göttingen (from 1877), Rostock (1882), again Göttingen (1888) and then Leipzig (1911–1922).

Ehrenberg married Elise Marie A. Helene von Jhering (1852–1920), daughter of the legal historian Rudolf von Jhering (1818–1892). Ehrenberg died in Göttingen on 10 March 1929.

His son  was professor of physiology and medicine at the University of Göttingen and his daughter Hedwig Martha Ehrenberg (1891–1972) married scientist Max Born.

Ehrenberg was a great-grandfather of Australian singer and actress Olivia Newton-John, an uncle of historian Victor Ehrenberg, a great-uncle of physicist and education researcher Lewis Elton and of historian Geoffrey Elton, and a great-great uncle of comedian and writer Ben Elton.

Works
 Versicherungsgeschichte, 1893
 Die deutsche Rechtsgeschichte und die juristische Bildung, 1894

References

External links

 
 Moller at www.lib.hit-u.ac.jp (about his books)
 CGJS: Elton / Ehrenberg at www.sussex.ac.uk (about pedigree, historian V. Ehrenberg, etc.)
 pdf (German)
 pdf (German)

1851 births
1929 deaths
People from Wolfenbüttel
People from the Duchy of Brunswick
19th-century German Jews
Jurists from Lower Saxony
Academic staff of the University of Rostock
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Academic staff of Leipzig University
19th-century German lawyers

Victor
Japan National Route 9

is an important highway in the Kansai and Chūgoku regions. It connects the prefectural capitals of Kyoto, Tottori, Matsue (Shimane Prefecture), and Yamaguchi. Other significant cities along the route include Yonago, Tottori and Shimonoseki. National Route 9 also passes through parts of Hyōgo Prefecture.

With a total length of , National Route 9 is the second longest national highway in Japan, being shorter than only National Route 4.

Route data
Length: 
Origin: Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto (originates at junction with Routes 1, 8, 24 and 367)
Terminus: Shimonoseki (ends at junction with Route 191)
Major cities: Fukuchiyama, Tottori, Yonago, Matsue, Hamada, Yamaguchi

History
Route 9 follows the old Sanindō, an ancient highway along a similar route.
4 December 1952 - First Class National Highway 9 (from Kyoto to Shimonoseki)
1 April 1965 - General National Highway 9 (from Kyoto to Shimonoseki)

See also
Gokishichidō, the ancient highways of Japan

References

009
Roads in Hyōgo Prefecture
Roads in Kyoto Prefecture
Roads in Shimane Prefecture
Roads in Tottori Prefecture
Roads in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Skinlab

Skinlab is an American heavy metal band formed in 1994 in San Francisco, California by vocalist/bassist Steev Esquivel (who used to sing in the Bay Area thrash metal band Defiance), guitarist Mike Roberts (now with San Francisco Bay Area's RAZE the STRAY), guitarist Gary Wendt (who played for the Bay Area thrash band Sacrilege B.C. and currently fronts The Ghost Next Door), and drummer Paul Hopkins.

History
After releasing three full-length studio albums and an EP, they disbanded in 2003 following the departure of two core members.

Following the band's demise, vocalist/bassist Steev Esquivel and guitarist Steve "Snake" Green went on to form Re:Ignition. The band's debut album, Empty Heart, Loaded Gun, was released in November 2006 through Corporate Punishment Records.

After a three-year hiatus, the band featuring line-up of Steev Esquivel, Snake, Glen Telford and Paul Hopkins had reformed and were rehearsing with plans for a new album in 2009.

Following the 2009 release of Skinlab's album, The Scars Between Us, which according to Esquivel, performed badly sales-wise, guitarist Glenny Telford once again left the band. He was replaced by Brian Jackson (formerly of the Las Vegas band Kreep). As of June 2011, Ex-Rikets guitarist Provo took over guitar duties opposite Snake. Having failed to produce any new material, Skinlab has disbanded.

On September 22, 2016, it was announced that Steev Esquivel and Paul Hopkins had reformed Skinlab, with former members Mike Roberts and Gary Wendt returning to the band as well. The band would perform their debut album in full at various shows in late 2016.

Members

Current members
 Steev Esquivel – bass, vocals (1994–2011, 2016–present)
 Marcos Medina Rivera – guitars (2018–present)
 Fabian Vastod – drums (2019–present)

Former members 
 Paul Hopkins – drums (1994–2011, 2016–2019)
 Mike Roberts – guitars (1994–1998, 2010, 2016–2018)
 Gary Wendt – guitars (1995–1997, 2016–2018)
 Mike Cadoo - guitars
 Steve "Snake" Green – guitars, backing vocals (1998–2011, 2018–2021)
 Scott Sargeant – guitars (1998–2003)
 Glenny Telford – guitars, backing vocals (2003, 2006–2009; died 2018)
 Adam Albright – guitars (2007)
 Brian Jackson – guitars (2009)
 Julian Peach – guitars (2010–2011)
 Provo – guitars (2011)
 Jason Wolfe – guitars (2012)

Discography

Studio albums
 Bound, Gagged and Blindfolded (Century Media, 1997)
 Disembody: The New Flesh (Century Media, 1999)
 ReVoltingRoom (Century Media, 2002)
 The Scars Between Us (Stand and Deliver Records, 2009)
 Venomous (2019)
Other releases
 Eyesore (Century Media, 1998)
 Nerve Damage (Century Media, 2004)
 Skinned Alive (BCD Music, 2008)
Demos
 Circle of Vengeance (self-released, 1995)
 Suffer (self-released, 1996)
 1997 Demo (self-released, 1997)

References

External links 
Official website
Official Facebook page

Nu metal musical groups from California
American groove metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical trios from California
Victor Ehrenberg (historian)

Victor Ehrenberg (22 November 1891 – 25 January 1976) was a German Jewish historian.

Life 
Ehrenberg was born in Altona, Hamburg to a noted German Jewish family. He was the younger brother of Hans Ehrenberg and the nephew of the jurist Victor Ehrenberg, and a nephew of economist Richard Ehrenberg.

Victor Ehrenberg served in the German Army on the Western Front during World War I and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class for his combat service.

Ehrenberg was married to Eva Dorothea Ehrenberg, née Sommer (1891–1964), a daughter of Siegfried Sommer and Helene Sommer (High Court Judge, Hessen). He was the father of Geoffrey and Lewis Elton, and grandfather of Ben Elton.

He died, aged 84, in London.

A bequest made in his will to the Institute of Classical Studies, University of London funds the Grote prize, an academic prize for outstanding scholarship in the field of Ancient History.

Works 
 Ost und West. Studien zur geschichtlichen Problematik der Antike. Brno 1935.
 Alexander and the Greeks. Blackwell, Oxford 1938.
  The people of Aristophanes. Blackwell, Oxford 1943.
 Deutsche Ausgabe: Aristophanes und das Volk von Athen. Eine Soziologie der altattischen Komödie. Artemis, Zürich und Stuttgart 1968.
 Der Staat der Griechen. 2., expanded edition . Artemis, Zürich und Stuttgart 1965.
 Polis und Imperium. Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte. Hrsg. v. K. F. Stroheker und A.J. Graham. Artemis, Zürich und Stuttgart 1965.
 From Solon to Socrates. Greek history and civilization during the sixth and fifth centuries B. C. Methuen, London 1968 und Nachdrucke,

References

External links
 

1891 births
1976 deaths
German classical scholars
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century German historians
People from Altona, Hamburg
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom

Victor
Rhadinosaurus

Rhadinosaurus (meaning "slender lizard") is a genus of nodosaurid ankylosaur first described in 1881 by Harry Govier Seeley, based on remains uncovered in Austria sometime between 1859 and 1870 by Edward Suess and Pawlowitsch. It was a herbivore that lived around 84.9 to 70.6 million years ago (during the Late Cretaceous period). The type species is R. alcimus.

Fossils
The Rhadinosaurus hypodigm (holotype) consists of one tibia fragment, one limb fragment, two fibulae, and two dorsal vertebrae. The fibulae (PIUW 2349/34), which are clearly ankylosaurian, were originally identified as femora in the original description, but were eventually re-identified in a 2001 review of ankylosaur specimens from the Grünbach Formation. Sachs and Hornung (2006) re-identified one of the putative humeral bones (PIUW 2348/35) as a tibial fragment of an rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur, referring it to Zalmoxes sp.

Taxonomy
Rhadinosaurus was initially classified as a dinosaur of uncertain position, and later considered an ornithosuchid as well as possible synonym of Doratodon, until Franz Nopcsa introduced the now popular theory that classifies it as a probable synonym of Struthiosaurus.

References 

Campanian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous Austria
Fossils of Austria
Fossil taxa described in 1881
Taxa named by Harry Seeley
Nomina dubia
Ornithischian genera
Tux Magazine

Tux Magazine was an American Linux magazine aimed at Linux desktop end users, specifically those who use the KDE desktop environment. The mission of the magazine was to help Linux take over the desktop market. It was headquartered in Seattle, Washington.

History and profile
Tux was not a print magazine: each issue was delivered digitally as a PDF file. The magazine was established in 2004. The first issue was published on February 1, 2005 and further 19 issues followed almost every month. On January 1, 2007, the publisher announced that the December 2006 issue was the last for the moment, because financial and other issues required a re-evaluation of how to best serve the reader community. All issues are still obtainable from the Tux Magazine website.

The layout 
All 20 issues were laid out in a style usual for glossy printed magazines but optimized for screen reading. The magazine fits perfectly on displays in the 4:3 landscape format and the files open automatically in a full-screen presentation. The number of pages per issue is between 46 and 60 with almost no advertising; the files sizes range from 1.8 MB to 14 MB with an average of about 4 MB.

The contents 

TUX Magazine contained HOWTO-type articles which helped new Linux users to use their Linux system in their everyday life. The magazine also had reviews of Open Source distributions and software/hardware products aimed at end users. In this, TUX was different from many other Linux Magazines which normally focus on a much more experienced audience.

TUX Magazine elected to focus primarily on the KDE desktop because the publishers regarded KDE as being more comfortable for computer novices and newcomers to Linux. In addition, a survey showed that more newcomers used KDE than GNOME.
TUX Magazine was sometimes criticized for focusing on KDE and being critical of GNOME, especially in editorial style columns such as Mango Parfait's.  This contained provocative humor which was not well received by GNOME users.

The publisher 
TUX was created by SSC Media Corporation, founded in 1983. Other products of SSC Media Corporation include ITGarage.com, LinuxJournal.com, and the international print magazine, Linux Journal (the first magazine about Linux). It is now owned by TUX Media, Ltd.

Other PDF-based Publications 
While these magazines share the PDF delivery method, they are not for newcomers to Linux.
Linux Journal (While primarily a print magazine, it is now available as a PDF as well.)
Free Software Magazine
O3 Magazine

References

External links 
 (back online)
Scribus In-Depth Tutorial by Donald Emmack (Example of an article published in Tux Magazine)

2004 establishments in Washington (state)
2007 disestablishments in Washington (state)
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
 Downloadable magazines
 Linux magazines
Linux websites
 Magazines established in 2004
 Magazines disestablished in 2007
 Magazines published in Seattle
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Ludmilla Jordanova

Ludmilla Jane Jordanova   (born 10 October 1949) is a British historian and academic. She is Professor of Visual Culture in the Department of History at Durham University.

Jordanova was born to a Bulgarian father and English mother. Educated at Oxford High School and New Hall, Cambridge, Professor Jordanova has taught at the universities of Oxford, Essex, York, East Anglia, Cambridge and King's College London. Previously she held the position of Director of the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities (CRASSH), University of Cambridge and was Professor of Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia. She has two children Alix Green and Zara Figlo and one granddaughter Sam Green.

She is the author of many texts regarding the history of science, thinking, gender and art, and is commonly referred to as one of the leading British experts in the field; she has also written broadly  on the nature of her subject itself, including a book by the title History In Practice. Her most recent book, The Look of the Past: Visual and Material Evidence in Historical Practice was published by Cambridge University Press in September 2012. Professor Jordanova  is  a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and of the Royal Society of Medicine and  was the first female President of the British Society for the History of Science. She was a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery (London) from 2001 to 2009, and in summer 2011 was appointed a Trustee of the National Museum of Science and Industry.

References

External links 
 Individual page on the King's College London website
 Personal website
 Curriculum vitae
 List of Publications
 

1949 births
Living people
People educated at Oxford High School, England
Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge
Academics of King's College London
Academics of the University of East Anglia
English historians
British women historians
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
British people of Bulgarian descent
English people of Bulgarian descent
Academics of Durham University
The Crusaders (2001 film)

The Crusaders (original title: Crociati) is a 2001 Italian television mini-series written by Andrea Porporati and directed by Dominique Othenin-Girard. The film was also dubbed in English and other languages.

Plot
In the 11th century three men flee from an Italian city and make their way to the Holy Land to take part in the First Crusade (AD 1096-1099).

Cast
Alessandro Gassman as Peter
Thure Riefenstein as Andrew
Johannes Brandrup as Richard
Barbora Bobuľová as Rachel
Uwe Ochsenknecht as Baron Corrado
Flavio Insinna as Peter Bartholomew
Armin Mueller-Stahl as Alessio
Franco Nero as Ibn-Azul
Miloš Timotijević as Johann
Karin Proia as Maria
Slobodan Ninkovic as Olaf Gunnarson

See also
List of historical drama films

External links

2001 television films
2001 films
2000s adventure drama films
2000s historical adventure films
Italian television miniseries
Films set in the 11th century
Television series set in the 11th century
Films directed by Dominique Othenin-Girard
Italian swashbuckler films
Films set in Italy
Crusades films
Italian historical adventure films
Films scored by Harald Kloser
2000s Italian films
Smooth toadlet

The smooth toadlet (Uperoleia laevigata) is a species of Australian ground-dwelling frog native to the coast and west of the ranges of south-east Queensland, all of eastern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria.

Description
The smooth toadlet reaches 35mm in length. It is grey-brown to olive-brown above often with darker spots and blotches. There is normally a pale triangular patch on the head in front of the eyes and a pale yellow patch in the armpit. It has prominent parotoid glands. Its belly is white and there is a red patch in the thighs.

Ecology and behaviour
This frog is associated with dry forest, sclerophyll forest and cleared grassland/farmland along the coast, slopes and ranges. Males make a drawn out "arrrrk" call from around the breeding site, this can be anything from a large permanent dam to a flooded ditch or grassland. Calling males can be right at the waters edge to up to 20 metres away.  Calling occurs from spring to autumn. After heavy rain many of these frogs may breed in one or two weeks, when in drier times the breeding site may appear absent of this species.

Similar species
This species is very similar to two other Uperoleia species, the dusky toadlet, (Uperoleia fusca) and the Tyler's toadlet, (Uperoleia tyleri). There are however some ways to tell them apart.

The smooth toadlet has a white belly, occasionally  with a few spots of black, while the dusky toadlets belly is white with many dark spots and flecks, almost covering the entire ventral surface, the Tyler's toadlet has a fully pigmented underbelly of dark blue/black colour. Male smooth toadlets may have a dark throat, however the belly will still be white. 

In all three of these species there is a red/orange/yellow patch in the thigh, back of legs and behind the knee. In the smooth toadlet this patch is quite large and is almost always red, it can however be orange but is not yellow. In the dusky toadlet this colour patch is more reduced and is almost always orange, but can be red and occasionally yellow. In the Tyler's toadlet this patch is rarely anything other than yellow.

Each of these species has a different but similar call the dusky toadlet has a short "arrk", the smooth toadlet has a slightly longer and deeper "arrrk", while the Tyler's toadlet has the deepest and most elongated "arrrrk".

Sydney is the collision point of the 3 species, however around Sydney there is only smooth toadlets, just north of Sydney there are dusky toadlet and just south of Sydney there are Tyler's toadlets, the smooth toadlet occurs throughout much of the Tyler's toadlet and dusky toadlet's range.

References
Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
 Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney.
 Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Amphibians of Queensland
Amphibians of New South Wales
Amphibians of the Australian Capital Territory
Amphibians of Victoria (state)
Uperoleia
Amphibians described in 1867
Frogs of Australia
Sido (island)

Sido, also known as Salseom, is an island off the coast of Incheon, South Korea. It has an area of  and is currently inhabited by 238 residents (in 1999), who mostly work in fishing. Yeondo-gyo, a bridge connecting Sido and Sindo, was completed in 1992.

Sido and Sindo are both part of Bukdo-myeon, Ongjin County, Incheon Metropolitan City.

See also
Islands of South Korea
Incheon

References 
  Naver 백과사전: 시도

Islands of Incheon
Sido

Sido may refer to:

 Sido (rapper), stage name of Paul Würdig, German rapper
 Sido (island), a South Korean island
 Sido, Mali
 River Sido, a river in Central Africa in the Chad-Central African Republic border area
Sindo

Sindo may refer to:
 Sindo County, North Pyongan Province, North Korea
 Sindo (island), an island off Incheon, South Korea
 Sindo (religion), "way of the gods", a name of Korean folk religion or shamanism
 Sindo, Kenya, a neighboring town of Mbita Point
 The Sindo, a nickname for the Irish newspaper Sunday Independent (Ireland)
 Koran Sindo, an Indonesian newspaper
 SINDO, a method in quantum chemistry
 Sindo TV, the former name of iNews an Indonesian television network
California News Publishers Association

The California News Publishers Association (CNPA) is a nonprofit trade association founded in 1888 that represents the daily, weekly, monthly, and campus newspapers of California. Its diverse membership consists of over 700 newspapers that elect 35 individuals to its governing board of directors. CNPA's mission statement reads:
To champion the ideals of a free press in our democratic society, and to promote the quality and economic health of California newspapers.

The association influences legislation on behalf of free speech in Sacramento, sponsors an annual newspaper contest and convention, and offers seminars on media law, production, writing and editing, advertising, and circulation.

Better Newspapers Contest
CNPA sponsors an annual Better Newspapers Contest (BNC) to recognize the most outstanding journalistic achievements published by California newspapers. Daily and weekly publications compete in separate divisions based on circulation.

CNPA also sponsors an annual Campus Excellence in Journalism offering separate divisions of competition for high schools, 2-year colleges, and 4-year universities. The Campus newspapers compete in many categories involving writing, photography and general excellence.

Freedom of Information

In July 2007, the CNPA intervened in litigation on the side of requiring Vista, California to release the names of 111 employers who use day-laborers.  Vista passed an ordinance in June 2006 requiring that employers who use day-laborers register with the city.  In June 2007, a member of the Vista Citizens Brigade, said to be an offshoot of the anti-illegal immigration Minutemen Project, filed an open records request with the city of Vista asking for the list of names.

The American Civil Liberties Union filed a request with the court asking that the names be withheld, and a judge granted a temporary restraining order.  Subsequently, the CNPA intervened, asking that the names be released.

Sister organizations
CNPA Services, Inc. was established in July 1992 to accommodate entrepreneurial ventures.
CNPA Foundation is a nonprofit corporation organized in October 1993 to raise funds through tax deductible contributions for internships and other educational activities for journalism.

External links
 CNPA Online
 CNPA at JournalismTraining.org

Non-profit organizations based in California
Freedom of the press
Freedom of expression organizations
Newspaper associations
Trade associations based in the United States
Lobbying organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 1888
1888 establishments in California
Anmado

Anmado or Anma Island () is an island off the coast of South Jeolla Province (Jeollanam-do), South Korea. Anmado covers an area of 6.09 km2 and is home to approximately 200 residents. The landscape features several peaks: Mount Dwit (Dwitsan) (177 m), Peak Mak (Makbong) (167 m), and Mount Geon (Geonsan) (145 m). Anmado is suited for agriculture, and many of its residents work as farmers. Its main agricultural products include rice, wheat, corn, garlic, bean, sesame, and pepper. There is currently one elementary school located on the island.

Overview
The topography of Anmado forms the shape of a saddle. In the Korean language, Anma means a kind of saddle. It borders with the North Jeolla Province (Jeollabuk-do) on the northwest part of Jeollanam-do.

References 

Yeonggwang County
Islands of South Jeolla Province
Islands of the Yellow Sea
Yeoseodo

Yeoseo-do is an island located off the coast of Jeollanam-do, South Korea. It covers an area of  and is home to approximately 100 residents (). The landscape features one peak, an unnamed mountain  high. Its residents work as both farmers and fishermen, and its main agricultural products include sweet potato, wheat, rice, bean, and sesame.

References
 Naver 백과사전: 여서도

In popular culture
 K-pop boy group Seventeen (South Korean band) filmed a reality show, Seventeen's One Fine Day (also known as 13 Castaway Boys), on Yeoseodo in 2016.

See also
Islands of South Korea
Jeollanam-do

Islands of South Jeolla Province
Wando County
BAP Carvajal (FM-51)

BAP Carvajal was the first out of four Carvajal-class frigates ordered by the Peruvian Navy in 1973. It was built by the Italian shipbuilder Cantieri Navali Riuniti at its shipyard in Riva Trigoso, Genoa. Though sea trials were initiated on 9 June 1977 its commissioning was delayed until 23 December 1979 due to delays in equipment deliveries by some subcontractors. In 1998 her flight deck was extended to allow ASH-3D Sea King helicopters to land and refuel, though the hangar is still too small to accommodate them.

Carvajal was named after Vice Admiral Melitón Carvajal (1845–1935) who fought in the War of the Pacific. On 26 December 2013, after being stripped of its missile armament, fire control systems and main radar, the ship was reclassified as Patrullera Oceánica (Offshore patrol vessel) and transferred to the Coast Guard under the name BAP Guardiamarina San Martin (PO-201).

Footnotes

Sources
 Rodríguez, John, "Las fragatas Lupo: una breve mirada retrospectiva y perspectivas". Revista de Marina, Year 95, No. 3: 8-32 (July / December 2002).
 Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006

Carvajal-class frigates
1976 ships
Ships built by Fincantieri
Ships built in Italy
C. K. Yang

C. K. Yang may refer to:

 C. K. Yang (sociologist) (Ch'ing-k'un Yang), Chinese-American sociologist
 Yang Chuan-kwang, Taiwanese decathlete
Rachitrema

Rachitrema is a poorly known genus of ichthyosaur from the Triassic of France. Its remains were found in France by two independent collectors, towards the end of the nineteenth century. They were only isolated bone fragments.

Classification

The type species is R. pellati, described by Sauvage in 1883. When first described, Sauvage classified it as a dinosaur. Later, Franz Nopcsa referred the genus to Anchisauridae, while Karl Alfred von Zittel referred it to either Zanclodontidae or Megalosauridae.

The ichthyosaur nature of Rachitrema was recognized by Friedrich von Huene, who synonymized it with Shastasaurus. Sauvage conceded that Rachitrema was non-dinosaurian, and the ichthyosaur classification of the genus became universally accepted by several authors. McGowan and Motani (2003) considered Rachitrema dinosaurian without comment. However, recent re-examination of the type material of Rachitrema reaffirms the ichthyosaurian classification of the genus, with most of the original remains referable to Ichthyosauria, and the rest being indeterminate beyond Reptilia.

References

External links
 Dinosaur Mailing List entry, which discusses the genus

Nomina dubia
Fossils of France
Fossil taxa described in 1883
Alcock

Alcock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Notable people with the surname Alcock 
 Alfred William Alcock, British naturalist
 C. W. Alcock, British sports administrator and creator of the FA Cup
 Charles R. Alcock, American astronomer
 Deborah Alcock, British author of fiction
 Edward Alcock, English footballer who played for Tranmere Rovers
 George Alcock, British astronomer
 George Alcock (footballer), English footballer
 Glenn Alcock (musician), British drummer
 Harry Alcock, English footballer who played for Walsall
 James Alcock, Psychologist and noted skeptic
 John Alcock, one of several people including
 John Alcock (aviator), pioneer aviator, of Alcock and Brown
 John Alcock (bishop), English bishop of the fifteenth century
 John Alcock (behavioral ecologist), American behavioral ecologist and author
 John Alcock (organist), English organist and composer
 Lara Alcock, British mathematics educator
 Leslie Alcock, British archaeologist
 Mary Alcock (née Cumberland, c. 1742 – 1798), British writer
Sir Michael Alcock, British air chief marshal
 Milly Alcock (born 2000), Australian actress
 Nathan Alcock, British physician
 Rachel Alcock (1862–1939), English physiologist
 Reg Alcock, Canadian politician
 Ronald Alcock (d. 1991), British stamp dealer and philatelic publisher
 Rutherford Alcock, British diplomat
 Siccature Alcock, birth name of Jah Cure, Jamaican reggae musician
 Terry Alcock, English footballer
 Thomas Alcock (adventurer), (died 1563), English traveller and adventurer 
 Thomas Alcock (priest), (1709–1798), clergyman in the Church of England, a pluralist and an author.
 Thomas Alcock (surgeon) (1784–1833) English surgeon
 Thomas Alcock (MP) (1801–1866) British politician
 Vivien Alcock, British children's writer
 Walter Galpin Alcock, English organist and composer
 William Congreve Alcock (c 1771–1813), Irish parliamentarian from Waterford.

See also
 Alcott
 Aycock
 Alcock's canal
 Alcock Island, Antarctica
Brome-Missisquoi

Brome-Missisquoi may refer to:

Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality, Quebec
Brome—Missisquoi, a federal electoral district
Brome-Missisquoi (provincial electoral district), a provincial electoral district
Ghost Shadows

The Ghost Shadows or GSS () was a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Chinatown from the early 1970s to the mid 1990s. Formed in 1971 by immigrants from Taiwan and Hong Kong, the gang is affiliated with the On Leong Tong. They adopted the colors black and white as their clothing to match the name of the set. Throughout the 1980s, the gang was often engaged in bloody turf wars with other Chinatown gangs such as the older Flying Dragons, affiliated with Hip Sing Tong and the Division Street Boys affiliated with Tung On Association, and their activities included extortion, kidnapping, murder, racketeering, drug trafficking and illegal gambling. The Ghost Shadows' influence was widespread, having links to Chinatowns in other cities as well as links to Sicilian-American Mafia families. The organization is defunct due to Federal RICO crackdowns during the 1990s.

Members

Wing Yeung Chan
Wing Yeung Chan (born Jan 6, 1945) was president of On Leong Tong and for a decade the leader of the Ghost Shadows. Charged with murder and racketeering, he was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.

Applehead

Shui Ping Wu (born 1956), also known as Applehead (pronounced Apo with silent-L), was one of the original founders of Ghost Shadows and a leader of breakaway factions of Ghost Shadows Bayard Boys during the late 1970s up to his indictments on RICO statutes in the mid-1980s.

Wu was charged with four others in 1977 for extorting some money from a restaurant employee in Montgomery County, MD. He pled guilty in a re-trial in 1983, suspending the final few years of his original 5 year sentence.

References

External links
 Chinese – Asian Organized Crime Groups: Tongs and Street Gangs. Information on Ghost Shadows from MafiaNJ.com.
  http://www.nychinatown.org/articles/voice19770131.html
 
 

Chinese-American organized crime groups
Chinese-American culture in New York City
Former gangs in New York City
Street gangs
Triad groups
Danville National Cemetery

Danville National Cemetery can refer to any of three United States National Cemeteries:

 Danville National Cemetery (Illinois), Danville, Illinois
 Danville National Cemetery (Kentucky), Danville, Kentucky
 Danville National Cemetery (Virginia), Danville, Virginia
Monge–Ampère equation

In mathematics, a (real) Monge–Ampère equation is a nonlinear second-order partial differential equation of special kind. A second-order equation for the unknown function u of two variables x,y is of Monge–Ampère type if it is linear in the determinant of the Hessian matrix of u and in the second-order partial derivatives of u. The independent variables (x,y) vary over a given domain D of R2. The term also applies to analogous equations with n independent variables. The most complete results so far have been obtained when the equation is elliptic.

Monge–Ampère equations frequently arise in differential geometry, for example, in the Weyl and Minkowski problems in differential geometry of surfaces. They were first studied by Gaspard Monge in 1784 and later by André-Marie Ampère in 1820. Important results in the theory of Monge–Ampère equations have been obtained by Sergei Bernstein, Aleksei Pogorelov, Charles Fefferman, and Louis Nirenberg. More recently, Alessio Figalli and Luis Caffarelli were recognized for their work on the regularity of the Monge–Ampère equation, with the former winning the Fields Medal in 2018 and the latter the Abel Prize in 2023.

Description 

Given two independent variables x and y, and one dependent variable u, the general Monge–Ampère equation is of the form

where A, B, C, D, and E are functions depending on the first-order variables x, y, u, ux, and uy only.

Rellich's theorem 
Let Ω be a bounded domain in R3, and suppose that on Ω A, B, C, D, and E are continuous functions of x and y only.  Consider the Dirichlet problem to find u so that

If

then the Dirichlet problem has at most two solutions.

Ellipticity results
Suppose now that x is a variable with values in a domain in Rn, and that f(x,u,Du) is a positive function.  Then the Monge–Ampère equation

is a nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation (in the sense that its linearization is elliptic), provided one confines attention to convex solutions.

Accordingly, the operator L satisfies versions of the maximum principle, and in particular solutions to the Dirichlet problem are unique, provided they exist.

Applications
Monge–Ampère equations arise naturally in several problems in Riemannian geometry, conformal geometry, and CR geometry.  One of the simplest of these applications is to the problem of prescribed Gauss curvature.  Suppose that a real-valued function K is specified on a domain Ω in Rn, the problem of prescribed Gauss curvature seeks to identify a hypersurface of Rn+1 as a graph z = u(x) over x ∈ Ω so that at each point of the surface the Gauss curvature is given by K(x).  The resulting partial differential equation is

The Monge–Ampère equations are related to the Monge–Kantorovich optimal mass transportation problem, when the "cost functional" therein is given by the Euclidean distance.

See also
List of nonlinear partial differential equations
Complex Monge–Ampère equation

References

Additional references

External links
 
 

Partial differential equations
San Gorgonio River

The San Gorgonio River is a  river primarily flowing in western Riverside County, with a small upstream section in southwestern San Bernardino County, in southern California.

Geography
The river's headwaters arise in the San Bernardino Mountains, southwest of San Gorgonio Mountain at the southern base of Galena Peak within Sand to Snow National Monument. The source is at  and an elevation of approximately 5600 feet at the confluence of Burnt and Sawmill canyons.

The river flows southwest through Banning Canyon then cuts back southeast through the town of Banning, California. It then heads east to its confluence with the Whitewater River in the western Coachella Valley at  and an elevation of 1096 feet. It drains the land east of the San Gorgonio Pass, while the South Fork of the Santa Ana River drains the land west.

The river is intermittent, with significant flow only following winter storms and snowmelt in the spring.

References

Rivers of Riverside County, California
Rivers of San Bernardino County, California
San Gorgonio Pass
Coachella Valley
San Bernardino Mountains
Sand to Snow National Monument
Rivers of Southern California
MEI Academy

MEI Academy (abbreviated as MEI) is a study abroad organization that specializes in experiential learning, academic coursework, and educational travel. Founded in 1997 by Joe and Rita Mei, the company aims to offer a global high school experience. Thousands of students have graduated from MEI programs.

Programs 
MEI operates over study abroad programs across six continents: Asia, Europe, South America, North America, Africa, and Australia. All programs are designed for high school and gap year students, and are organized by a summer term throughout Europe, Tanzania and Costa Rica, a Fall semester that travels through Europe, and a Spring semester that travels through Asia.  The Summer term programs are typically between 4-6 weeks in duration, and offer 1 or 2 high school credits.  The Semesters are much longer but offer 3 high school credits.  The Fall semester is 70 days, where the Spring Semester is 50 days in total travel time.  Important to nots is that there is also 2 weeks of foundation classes that are conducted online, and then 2 weeks of final exams and project presentations after the return home.

Notable courses 
MEI Academy offers academic credits. The MEI head office is located in Caledon, Ontario, Canada.  Although MEI Academy is regulated by the Ontario Ministry of Education, MEI also accepts international students. Students from schools outside of Ontario may have academic courses accredited by their individual schools or local school boards. Course credits from MEI appear on student academic records and can be used for university entrance. MEI offers a mix of subjects and programs that have a 9:1 student/staff ratio. No dedicated classrooms are used as lectures are delivered on location. Courses offered to vary from program to program, and include Ancient and Modern World History, Geography, Phys-ed, International Business, Modern Media and Photography, and Writer’s Craft.

Recognition 
 GoOverseas Community Choice Awards Category Winner 2018
 GoOverseas Community Choice Awards Category Winner 2020
 GoOverseas Community Choice Awards Category Winner 2021

See also 

 EF Education
 Neuchâtel Junior College
 Blyth Education

References 

Private schools in Ontario
Companies based in Ontario
Canadian international schools
Educational institutions established in 1997
International schools in Ontario
1997 establishments in Ontario
International educational organizations
Collignon projection

The Collignon projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection first known to be published by Édouard Collignon in 1865 and subsequently cited by A. Tissot in 1881.

For the smallest choices of the parameters chosen for this projection, the sphere may be mapped either to a single diamond, a pair of squares, or a triangle. The projection is used in the polar areas as part of the HEALPix spherical projection, which is widely used in physical cosmology in making maps of the cosmic microwave background, in particular by the WMAP and Planck space missions.

Formulae
Let R be the radius of the sphere, φ the latitude, λ the longitude, and λ0 the longitude of the central meridian (chosen as desired). Also, define , where the two forms are equivalent for φ in the range of possible latitudes. Then the Collignon projection is given by:

This formula gives the projection as pictured above, coming to a point at the North Pole. For a projection coming to a point at the South Pole, as in the bottom portion of the HEALPix projection, replace φ and y with -φ and -y. The standard parallel is 15°51′N.

See also

 List of map projections
 Tobler hyperelliptical projection family

External links

Map projections
Equal-area projections
Steve McAllister

Steve McAllister is a long-time Canadian sports media and communications expert. He currently is the Editor-In-Chief of The Parleh, a weekly newsletter on sports betting owned by Parleh Media Group Inc., and writes a weekly column on sports betting for The Toronto Star. 

McAllister is the former managing editor of sports for Yahoo Canada, and the former sports editor of Canada's national newspaper, The Globe and Mail. He has also been the media relations manager for the National Hockey League Players Association. McAllister covered the Toronto Blue Jays' back-to-back World Series championships in 1992 and 1993 as the national baseball writer for The Canadian Press. He was inducted into the Brockville and Area Sports Hall of Fame in June 2011, and has been the president of Sports Media Canada since May 2009. He was honoured in his hometown of Prescott, Ont., in June 2014 by being placed on the South Grenville District High School Wall of Fame. McAllister was also an official in the Ontario Hockey League between 1981 and 1989, and refereed the first two games of the first unofficial world women's hockey championship in 1987.

References

Living people
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian sports journalists
Hostage (Rez Band album)

Hostage is the sixth studio album, from American Christian rock band Resurrection Band (known at this time as "Rez Band"), released in late 1984.

Recording history
Hostage was a radical departure into keyboard-driven new wave stylings which dominate the record, and this is due in large part to the fact that bassist and keyboardist Jim Denton took over much of the songwriting. Although the lead-off track, "S.O.S.", was popular on Christian radio, long-time Rez Band fans were extremely divided over the band's new musical direction, especially with strange sonic experiments like "Armageddon Appetite".

At the same time, "Attention" and "Crimes" are typical Rez Band hard rock efforts, which indicated to surprised listeners at the time that the band hadn't completely abandoned the sound for which they had become known. Besides, the lyrical themes of war, inner-city violence (of which the band was intimately familiar) and the spiritual and moral confusion of youth are once again front and center.

"Crimes" was the band's first music video and was filmed in the same run-down urban neighborhood in which the Jesus People USA community is located. It received limited airplay on MTV.

Track listing
All songs written by Jim Denton unless otherwise noted
 "S.O.S." – 4:03
 "Attention" (Glenn Kaiser, Jon Trott, Roy Montroy, Stu Heiss) – 3:45
 "Souls for Hire" (Kaiser) – 3:30
 "Defective Youth" (Denton, John Herrin, Trott, Heiss) – 2:57
 "Who's Real Anymore" – 4:06
 "Armageddon Appetite" – 1:26
 "Beyond the Gun" (Kaiser, Denton) – 4:20
 "Crimes" (Kaiser, Denton, Herrin, Montroy, Heiss) – 3:38
 "It's You" (Trott) – 2:02
 "Tears in the Rain" (Denton, Herrin, Trott, Heiss) – 6:00
 "Walk Away" (Kaiser, Denton) – 4:50

Personnel

 Glenn Kaiser – lead and background vocals, guitars
 Wendi Kaiser – lead and background vocals
 Stu Heiss – lead guitar, keyboards
 Jim Denton – bass guitar, guitar, keyboards
 John Herrin – drums
 Steve Eisen – saxophone
 Tom Cameron – lead snoring
 Greg Jacques – door

Production
 Rez Band – producer
 Roger Heiss – engineer
 Roy Montroy – assistant engineer
 Greg Jacques – assistant engineer
 Steve Hall – mastering (at Future Disc)
 Cornerstone Graphics – album cover concept and art
 Janet Cameron  – album cover concept and art
 Dick Randall – album cover concept and art
 Pat Peterson – photography
 Tom Wray – photography

References

Resurrection Band albums
1984 albums