alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
The Madman's Tale

The Madman's Tale is a novel written by John Katzenbach. It was published and released in 2004.

Plot summary
Francis Petrel, recently released from an asylum faces his own inner demons as he recounts his memories of a murderer in the asylum during his time there. The story tells itself in two parallel parts: one of the stories is during his time in the asylum, all a memory slowly bringing itself back to life; the other story takes place after he is released, and he feels compelled to author a book on the events surrounding that murder. He has no paper, so he writes his story on the wall and is constantly challenged with tedious interruptions. At the same time, he forgoes his medication, and the tension of continuing with his work becomes threatened by his struggle with his own madness.

Reception
Washington Post reviewer Patrick Anderson wrote that the novel could be "sometimes over the top" however was "a tour de force, superior storytelling designed to scare your pants off and likely to succeed".

Film adaptation

The motion picture adaptation of The Madman's Tale was to be filmed between October 26, 2007 and January 8, 2008 at Fairfield Hills Hospital in Newtown, Connecticut. Due to lead actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers personal issues, production was stopped before filming began.

References

2004 novels
Novels about mental health
The Search for the Funniest Mom in America

The Search for the Funniest Mom in America, or simply Funniest Mom, is an American reality competition television series that aired on Nick at Nite for three seasons, from 2005 to 2007. Each season had ten female comedians (all mothers) competing to be named the funniest. The winner got $50,000 and the chance to host a special night of programming on the network. For the first two seasons, the prize also included the opportunity to develop her own show for Nick at Nite; this was dropped for the third season. No television series starring any of the winners has made it to air.

The show first aired as a special on May 3, 2005, with stand-up comedian and actress Sandra Bernhard serving as host. Darlene Westgor was declared the winner. The second season aired for six episodes from April 4 to 24, 2006, hosted by actress Katey Sagal. The winner was Rubi Nicholas, a Muslim Pakistani-American mother of two. The third season, simply called Funniest Mom in America 3, ran for six episodes from April 10 to May 13, 2007. It was hosted by Roseanne Barr. The winner was Vicki Barbolak.

References

External links 
 

2000s American reality television series
2005 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
Nick at Nite original programming
The Definitive Act

The Definitive Act is a studio album by Tsunami Bomb, released in 2004.

Track listing
 "Dawn on a Funeral Day" – 3:08
 "Being Alright" – 3:03
 "5150" – 2:44
 "Safety Song" – 2:12
 "I Bought You" – 3:13
 "4 Robots and an Evil Scientist" – 1:24
 "A Lonely Chord" – 3:58
 "Epic" – 3:33
 "Negative One to Ten" – 3:04
 "My Machete" – 2:54
 "Tetanus Shot" – 2:45
 "Jigsaw" – 4:21

References

Tsunami Bomb albums
2004 albums
Logie Awards of 1959

The 1st Annual TV Week Logie Awards (as they would come to be known) were the first awards ever to be awarded for work within the Australian television industry. Television had begun production in Australia only three years earlier, in 1956.

Synopsis
Although other cities had television (Sydney since its inception in 1956), the awards were for Melbourne television only. 

In 1959 the awards were given out during an episode of In Melbourne Tonight, with international star Googie Withers appearing as a guest host. Awards were given in only eight categories, two of which were for American programmes.

Awards

TV Star of the Year
The most prestigious award was the TV Star of the Year Award, which the following year in 1960 would become renamed as the Gold Logie. The star of the year was awarded to Graham Kennedy and Panda Lisner for their program In Melbourne Tonight, for the Nine Network (GTV-9).

National
TV Show of the Year
Winner:
In Melbourne Tonight, GTV-9

Most Popular Children's Show
Winner:
The Happy Show, GTV-9

Most Popular Overseas Variety Show
Winner:
The Perry Como Show. Como was presented with his award by George McCadden, the chief of TV Week'''s American office, in New York City on 11 April 1959.

Most Popular Overseas DramaWinner:Perry MasonOutstanding Sports PresentationWinner:ABC Melbourne's Sporting Department for their coverage of events such as the Davis Cup, Test Cricket and the Australian Tennis Open

Outstanding PerformanceWinner:Bill Collins, Sunnyside Up'', HSV-7

External links

Australian Television: 1959-1961 Logie Awards
TV Week Logie Awards: 1959

1959 in Australian television
1959 television awards
1959
Hillcrest High School, Hamilton

Hillcrest High School is a state coeducational secondary school located in south-eastern Hamilton, New Zealand. The school is named after the suburb of Hillcrest for which it serves, although the school itself is actually located in Silverdale. Opened in 1972, the school has a roll of  students as of . making it the second-largest school in Hamilton.

History
Hillcrest High School is the youngest school out of the ten state and state-integrated secondary schools in Hamilton, opening for instruction for the first time in January 1972. Like many New Zealand state secondary schools built in the 1970s, Hillcrest was built to the S68 standard design. The school has three full-sized S68 blocks (B, C, and D blocks) and one half-sized S68 block (western half of E block – the eastern half is a later addition).

Enrolment
At the April 2013 Education Review Office (ERO) review of the school, Hillcrest High School had 1630 students, including 35 international students. The school roll's gender composition was 47% male and 53% female, and its ethnic composition was 52% European New Zealanders (Pākehā), 20.5% Asian, 14% Māori, 7% other European, and 4% Pasifika.

Curriculum
The school examines students using the New Zealand standard, National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA). Cambridge examinations for Mathematics and English are also available for able Year 12 students.
A wide variety of subjects can be taken at Hillcrest High, ranging from Visual Art to Mechanics, international languages as well as standard subjects such as English, Mathematics and Science.

Hillcrest students received a total of 54 scholarships, the sixth highest number of scholarships of any high school in the North Island. Seven Hillcrest students received Top Scholar Awards from the New Zealand Qualifications Authority between 2002–5. A student in 2008 scored 99% in the Cambridge English exam, achieving the highest score in the world.

Motto
There are two commonplace Latin pronunciations: in Ecclesiastical Latin the school motto 'Circumspice' is pronounced chir-koom-spee-cheh, in Classical Latin it is pronounced as keer-koom-speek-eh. It means 'look around you'.

Notable people
James Baker, first-class cricketer
Kimbra Johnson, musician based in Melbourne, Australia. Graduated from this school in 2007
Laura Langman, plays for the Silver Ferns, the New Zealand international Netball team. Graduated from this school in 2003.
Jesse Mulligan, TV presenter. Graduated from this school in 1992.
Anjali Mulari, New Zealand ice and inline hockey player. Graduated from this school in 2010.
Phum Viphurit, musician. Graduated in 2013
Sonia Waddell, graduated from this school in 1991. Represented New Zealand in rowing at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics

References

External links
 Education Review Office (ERO) reports for Hillcrest High School

Secondary schools in Hamilton, New Zealand
Educational institutions established in 1972
New Zealand secondary schools of S68 plan construction
1972 establishments in New Zealand
Japanese destroyer Natsushio

was the sixth vessel to be commissioned in the 19-vessel  destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late-1930s under the Circle Three Supplementary Naval Expansion Program (Maru San Keikaku).

Background
The Kagerō-class destroyers were outwardly almost identical to the preceding light cruiser-sized , with improvements made by Japanese naval architects to improve stability and to take advantage of Japan’s lead in torpedo technology. They were designed to accompany the Japanese main striking force and in both day and night attacks against the United States Navy as it advanced across the Pacific Ocean, according to Japanese naval strategic projections. Despite being one of the most powerful classes of destroyers in the world at the time of their completion, only one survived the Pacific War.

 Natsushio, built at the Fujinagata Shipyards, was laid down on 9 December 1937, launched on 23 February 1939 and commissioned on 31 August 1940.

Operational history
At 1800 hours on 23 June 1941, Natsushio collided with  the destroyers  and  in Bungo Channel.

At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Natsushio, was assigned to Destroyer Division 15 (Desdiv 15), and a member of Destroyer Squadron 2 (Desron 2) of the IJN 2nd Fleet, and had deployed from Palau, as part of the escort for the aircraft carrier  in the invasion of the southern Philippines and minelayer .

In early 1942, Natsushio participated in the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, escorting the invasion forces for Menado, Kendari and Ambon in January. During the invasion of Makassar on 8–9 February, Natsushio was torpedoed by the United States Navy submarine  and sank approximately  south of Makassar at coordinates (). Ten crewmen were killed in the attack, and the survivors were rescued by her sister ship . Natsushio was removed from the navy list on 28 February 1942. She was the first Japanese destroyer to fall victim to U.S. submarines during the war, the first of her class to be sunk and the only Kagero-class destroyer to not partake in the Battle of Midway.

See also 
 List of ships of the Japanese Navy

Notes

Books

External links
 CombinedFleet.com: Kagero-class destroyers
 Natsushio history

Natsushio
Natsushio
Shipwrecks in the Makassar Strait
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
1939 ships
Maritime incidents in June 1941
Maritime incidents in February 1942
Ships sunk by American submarines
Ships built by Fujinagata Shipyards
Taranaki Province

The Taranaki Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. Initially known as New Plymouth Province, the province was renamed on 1 January 1859 as the Taranaki Province.

Area
With an area of some , New Plymouth Province was the smallest of the initial six provinces, and it was also the least populous. European settlement started in New Plymouth in 1841, which was the province's capital. For the first 30 years, European settlement did not extend many miles beyond New Plymouth.

History
At the beginning of the 19th century, a coastal fringe some  deep was densely populated with Māori. Iwi from the Waikato region threatened these Ngāti Awa, and during the 1820s, many of the inhabitants left Taranaki. In 1832, Waikato iwi launched an assault with firearms, resulting in the remaining Ngāti Awa being killed or going into slavery apart from the Otaku pā in New Plymouth. When English emigrants arrived in 1841, they found deserted land.

The settlement of the province was organised by the Plymouth Company, a subsidiary of the New Zealand Company which was later absorbed into its parent company. Taranaki was chosen for the settlement by the surveyor Frederic Carrington, and New Plymouth was the only town founded in the country founded through organised settlement that lacked a natural harbour. Carrington argued that fertile land and natural harbours don't come together in New Zealand, and that the land is more important for the settlement, and an artificial harbour will later be affordable. He was present when the breakwater was built 40 years after New Plymouth had been founded.

Anniversary Day
New Zealand law still provides an anniversary day for each province. Taranaki Anniversary Day is celebrated annually on the second Monday in March.

Superintendents

The Taranaki Province had four Superintendents:

Legislation
No surviving legislation.

References

External links
 Map of the North Island provinces
 The Seal of New Plymouth - on reverse of coin

History of Taranaki
Provinces of New Zealand
States and territories established in 1853
1876 disestablishments in New Zealand
1853 establishments in New Zealand
Stephan Veen

Stephan Patrick Veen (born 27 July 1970, in Groningen) is a retired field hockey forward and midfielder from The Netherlands, who twice became olympic champion with the Dutch national squad: in 1996 and in 2000.

External links
 
 Dutch Hockey Federation

1970 births
Living people
Dutch male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Sportspeople from Groningen (city)
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Netherlands
HGC (field hockey) players
1990 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Gerry Mullins

Gerry Blaine Mullins (born August 14, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for nine seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans.

High school and college
Gerry Blaine Mullins was raised in Anaheim, California where he began his football career at Fremont Junior High School, and was mentored at Anaheim High School by head football coach Clare Van Hoorebeke (1950–1972). Playing tight end, defensive end, and fullback, Mullins was a senior captain for the Colonists and was a teammate and classmate of Jim Fassel, one of the team's quarterbacks. After graduating, Mullins played for coach John McKay, at the University of Southern California along with O. J. Simpson.

Pittsburgh Steelers

Mullins mostly played right offensive guard for the Pittsburgh Steelers for his entire professional career (1971–1979), next to centers Ray Mansfield (1971–1975) and Mike Webster (1976–1979). Known as "Moon," Mullins was drafted in the fourth round of the 1971 NFL Draft and went on to win four Super Bowls with the Steelers (Super Bowls IX, X, XIII, and XIV). He can be remembered for a play in Super Bowl IX when he pulled on a sweep leaving an uncontested path for Franco Harris to trot in the end zone. Mullins also recovered an onside kick in Super Bowl X and recovered a fumble for a touchdown during the 1972 AFC Championship Game against the Miami Dolphins. Mullins retired after Super Bowl XIV.

Along with other players for the Steelers, Mullins also had a brief film career with a cameo appearance in The Rocky Bleier Story for MTM Enterprises.

Post-football
Mullins currently resides in Pittsburgh and is in the recycling business.

1949 births
Living people
Players of American football from Fullerton, California
American football offensive linemen
USC Trojans football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Hawke's Bay Province

The Hawke's Bay Province was a province of New Zealand. The province separated from the Wellington Province following a meeting in Napier in February 1858, and existed until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. At the time of its establishment in 1858, the European population of the provincial district was only 1,185.

History
One of the earliest European settlers in the area was William Colenso, and had his mission station at Port Ahuriri, the port of Napier. At a meeting in Napier in February 1858, the decision was made to split Hawke's Bay from the Wellington Province, which took effect in November of that year.

The province had its own elected Superintendent and provincial council. The provincial council sat at Napier. 

In 1863, the province was described in The Illustrated London News as "one of the principal grazing districts in the colony; it possesses abundance of fine agricultural land, and has a climate proverbially mild and healthy." The article goes on to estimate the population at 3,600 Maori and 2,600 settlers.

The system of provincial government was abolished in 1876.

Area
The Crown initially bought two blocks of land:  at Waipukurau, and  at Ahuriri. By 1856, 30 sheep stations existed in Hawke's Bay, located mainly on those two blocks of land. Donald McLean organised further land purchases.

The capital of the province was Napier.

Anniversary day
New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each province. Hawke's Bay Province was founded on 1 November 1858.

Superintendents

The Hawke's Bay Province had four Superintendents:

Legislation
There is no surviving legislation from the Hawke's Bay Provincial Council.

References

External links
 Page containing a map of the old provincial boundaries
 Hawke's Bay (Te Ara)
 The Seal of Hawke's Bay

Provinces of New Zealand
States and territories established in 1858
1876 disestablishments in New Zealand
1858 establishments in New Zealand
Mammy Lou

Mammy Lou (born c. 1804 - died after 1918) claimed an age which would have made her one of the earliest-born people to appear in a motion picture.

Life
In 1918, she appeared in the silent film The Glorious Adventure, directed by Hobart Henley, playing the part of The Mansion's Servant, the mansion being the Hermitage Plantation in Savannah, Georgia. Mammy Lou claimed she was 114 years of age, and had been a slave in Savannah until Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery; if proven, this would mean that Mammy Lou was around 60 years of age at the time she received her freedom from slavery.

If this legend is true, then Mammy Lou was one of the earliest-born individuals to appear in a feature film up until that time. The claim is unauthenticated, though, and a better claim may be made for Rebecca Clark(e), who appeared in a Kinora reel made no later than 1912 (Reel 145, "Rebecca Clarke and kitten"), and who has been proved to have been born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, on 5 June 1810.

See also
Longevity claims
List of slaves

References

Bibliography
Patrick Robinson, Film Facts, 1st edition (London: Aurum Press Ltd., 2001)

External links

1804 births
Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actors from Savannah, Georgia
Year of death unknown
African-American actresses
American film actresses
Longevity claims
Józef Brodowski the Elder

Józef Brodowski, (c.1775/81, Warsaw – 1853, Kraków) was a Polish painter in the Classical style. He is called The Elder to distinguish him from Józef Brodowski (1828–1900), who was apparently not related.

Biography
Thanks to the financial support of Princess Izabela Czartoryska, he was able to study in Vienna with Josef Abel and Johann Baptist von Lampi. After 1805, he lived in Łańcut, where he painted portraits and theatrical scenery.

In 1811, he was appointed a drawing teacher. Seven years later, he became one of the first professors at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts.

He painted historical scenes, genre works, church decorations and portraits. Several of his history paintings involve scenes from the life of Tadeusz Kościuszko. He is noted for portraying the 19th-century Kraków on numerous sketches and prints. He was also an active member of the Przesąd Zwyciężony Masonic Lodge.

See also
List of Polish painters

Sources 
 Feliks Kopera; Polish Biographical Dictionary, Vol.2, Polish Academy of Learning, 1936. Reprint: Ossolineum, Kraków 1989,

References

Further reading
 Stanisława Opalińska, Józef Brodowski: malarz i rysownik starego Krakowa, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, 2005

External links

1772 births
1853 deaths
19th-century Polish painters
19th-century Polish male artists
Polish portrait painters
History painters
Academic staff of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts
Painters from Warsaw
Polish male painters
Marlborough Province

(For the current top-level subdivision of Nelson in New Zealand, see Marlborough region)

The Marlborough Province operated as a province of New Zealand from 1 November 1859, when it split away from Nelson Province, until the abolition of provincial government in 1876.

History
Marlborough split away from the Nelson Province because the majority of the income of the Provincial Council came from land sales in the Marlborough region, but the funds were mostly used in the Nelson region. Land sales in Nelson and Marlborough netted the Nelson Provincial Council £33,000 and £160,000, respectively. Of that, £200 were expended benefiting the Marlborough region. Marlborough settlers successfully petitioned for a split from Nelson. Another reason was that large landholders feared the growing influence of smaller farmers and urban residents. By splitting the Marlborough Province off with its large farms, it was easier for these landholders to control the provincial council.

When the province was formed, Sir Thomas Gore Browne, the Governor of New Zealand, named it after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. The settlement of Blenheim was subsequently named after the Battle of Blenheim (1704), where troops led by the Duke defeated a combined French and Bavarian force at the village of Blenheim (Blindheim) in Germany.

Area

The Marlborough Province was notable for its intense personal rivalries among its politicians. This led to a farcical change of capital from at first Blenheim, then Picton from 1861, and back again to Blenheim from July 1865. In a symbolic way, government buildings in both Blenheim and Picton burned down some months after the abolition of the provincial system.

Marlborough was not systematically settled like other regions, but capital-rich settlers from the Nelson area spilled over who wanted to invest in large land holdings. Frederick Weld was the first in 1847 to land sheep at Port Underwood, a sheltered harbour which forms the north-east extension of Cloudy Bay in the Marlborough Sounds. Because of its early start in sheep farming, other South Island areas were stocked from here.

Anniversary Day
New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each former province. Marlborough celebrates its founding on a Monday near 1 November each year.

Superintendents
The Marlborough Province had five Superintendents:

Legislation 
 Picton Institute Act 1864

References

External links
 Map of provincial boundaries

Provinces of New Zealand
States and territories established in 1859
1876 disestablishments in New Zealand
1859 establishments in New Zealand
William F. De Saussure

William Ford De Saussure (February 22, 1792March 13, 1870) was a United States senator from South Carolina. Born in Charleston, the son of Henry William de Saussure and Elizabeth Ford De Saussure.

Legal career 

He graduated from Harvard University in 1810, studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced in Charleston and Columbia.

In the 1820s de Saussure served two terms as Intendent, or Mayor, of the City of Columbia. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1846 and a judge of the chancery court in 1847.

In 1847 he was signatory to a letter advocating for the creation of more pro-slavery media environment in Washington, D.C. The letter is known only because it was republished in abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, reads in part: "The object of this communication is to obtain your aid and active co-operation, in establishing, at Washington, a Paper which shall represent Southern views on the subject of SLAVERY —Southern views of Southern Rights and Interests."

De Saussure was appointed May 10, 1852, and then elected November 29, 1852, as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of R. Barnwell Rhett and served from May 10, 1852, to March 4, 1853.

He resumed the practice of law in Columbia, and was a trustee of South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia for many years. In December 1860 he was a delegate to South Carolina's Secession Convention and became a signer of the Ordinance of Secession which led directly to the opening hostilities of the Civil War.

Death 
He died in Columbia in 1870; interment was in the First Presbyterian Churchyard.

Famous family members
The descendants of William Ford De Saussure include Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (1927-), a member of the United States Congress who represented South Carolina from 1987 to 1995.

References

External links
 

1792 births
1870 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
South Carolina state court judges
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
Mayors of Columbia, South Carolina
Lawyers from Columbia, South Carolina
William F
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers
American proslavery activists
Logie Awards of 1960

The 2nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards were presented in January 1960 at the Savoy Private Hotel in Melbourne. It was not televised. The awards were only for Melbourne television. All major cities had different stations. Hugh O'Brian was the guest host and presented some awards on IMT. This article lists the winners of Logie Awards (Australian television) for 1960:

Awards

Star Of The Year (Gold Logie)
Winner:
Graham Kennedy

Other Awards
Program Of The Year
Winner:
77 Sunset Strip, GTV9

TV Highlight Of 1959
Winner:
Shell Presents series, GTV9

TV WEEK Special Award
Winner:
GTV9/ATN7 Interstate TV Link for Test Cricket

Australian Broadcasting Commission
Best Male Personality
Winner:
John Royle

Best Female Personality
Winner:
Ruth Nye

Best Program
Winner:
The Phil Silvers Show

Seven Network
Best Male Personality
Winner:
Don Bennetts

Best Female Personality
Winner:
Brenda Marshall

Best Program
Winner:
Father Knows Best

Nine Network
Best Male Personality
Winner:
Graham Kennedy

Best Female Personality
Winner:
Panda Lisner

Best Program
Winner:
In Melbourne Tonight

External links

Australian Television: 1959-1961 Logie Awards
TV Week Logie Awards: 1960

1960 television awards
1960 in Australian television
1960
Charlie Phillips (American football)

Charles Phillips (born November 22, 1952) is a former American football safety. Phillips was part of the Oakland Raiders team when they one Super Bowl XI  in 1977.

Professional career
Phillips played in the National Football League (NFL) between 1975 and 1979.  In 1978, which was arguably his best season, he led the NFL in non-offensive touchdowns with 3, fumble return touchdowns with 2 and he also led the NFL in fumble return yards with 127 yards.  He recorded 19 interceptions in his career.

College career
He played college football at the University of Southern California and had an NCAA record 302 yards from interceptions in 1974.

References

1952 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Greenville, Mississippi
American football safeties
Blair High School (Pasadena, California) alumni
USC Trojans football players
USC Trojans baseball players
Oakland Raiders players
Players of American football from Mississippi
Will's Coffee House

Will's Coffee House was one of the foremost coffeehouses in England in the decades after the Restoration. It was situated in Russell Street in London, at the northwest corner of Bow Street, between the City and Westminster. According to the Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre, it was also known as the Rose Tavern, the Russell Street Coffee House, and the Wits' Coffee House. It was founded by Will Urwin.

Patrons
Will's Coffee House was the home of the Wits, centring on the figure of John Dryden. With the departure of John Dennis, William Wycherley complained in a well-known letter,  "nor is Wills the Wits Coffee-House any more, since you left it, whose Society for want of yours is grown as Melancholly, that is as dull as when you left 'em a Nights, to their own Mother-Wit, their Puns, Couplets, or Quibbles...." "This place is much altered since Mr Dryden frequented it," recalled Richard Steele in The Tatler afterwards; "where you used to see songs, epigrams, and satires in the hands of every man you met, you have now only a pack of cards."

Will's is mentioned repeatedly in the diary of Samuel Pepys, who first dropped in on the evening of 3 February 1663/4:

Jonathan Swift, for his part, did not recall it so positively: "And indeed the worst conversation I ever remember to have heard in my life was that at Will's coffee-house, where the wits (as they were called) used formerly to assemble."

From their first appearance in London, coffeehouses were centres of sociability, each one frequented by certain professions, a centre of communication for news and information. At Will's gathered those gentlemen of no profession at all and circulated their scurrilous epigrams and satires, and criticized the latest productions on stage or in print.

Decline
After Dryden's death (May 1700), the reputation of Will's declined rapidly, though it is noted in Daniel Defoe's Journey Through England. Though in the first number of The Tatler, poetry was promised under the heading Will's Coffee-house, it was severely reviewed by Richard Steele in The Tatler, 8 April 1709, and fashion soon passed to Button's Coffee House across the way, where Joseph Addison established Daniel Button in business, about 1712.

References

Further reading
Waes Hael Poetry & Tobacco Club, "The English Coffee Houses"

Urwin, William (d. 1695), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

17th century in London
History of the City of Westminster
Coffeehouses and cafés in London
Covent Garden
Bear River (Mokelumne River tributary)

The Bear River is a  river in the Sierra Nevada in California. It is a tributary of the Mokelumne River. The river and its watershed are entirely in El Dorado National Forest.

The river begins as two forks several miles south of Kirkwood. The forks travel roughly southwest and merge just before the river enters Upper Bear River Reservoir. Immediately downstream of the reservoir is Lower Bear River Reservoir. Below the reservoir, the river continues southwest until it meets the Mokelumne River. The reservoirs on the Bear River are owned by Pacific Gas and Electric Company as part of the Mokelumne Hydroelectric Project.

References

East Bay Municipal Utility District

Mokelumne River
Rivers of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Rivers of Amador County, California
Eldorado National Forest
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Rivers of Northern California
Rivers of the Sierra Nevada in California
Franklin H. Elmore

Franklin Harper Elmore (October 15, 1799May 29, 1850) was a United States representative and Senator. Born in Laurens District, the son of John Archer Elmore, he graduated from the South Carolina College at Columbia in 1819, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Walterboro.

He was solicitor for the southern circuit from 1822–36, a colonel on the staff of the state governor from 1824–26, and was elected as a State Rights Democrat to the 24th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James H. Hammond. Elmore was reelected to the 25th Congress and served from December 10, 1836, to March 4, 1839. From 1839-50, he was president of the Bank of the State of South Carolina 1839-50; he declined appointment by President James Polk as Minister to Great Britain. Elmore was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John C. Calhoun and served from April 11, 1850, until his own death in Washington, D.C., in 1850. He was interred in the First Presbyterian Churchyard in Columbia.

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

External links

1799 births
1850 deaths
South Carolina lawyers
University of South Carolina alumni
Nullifier Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Nullifier Party politicians
19th-century American legislators
South Carolina state solicitors
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
People from Walterboro, South Carolina
19th-century American lawyers
Japanese destroyer Maikaze

was one of 19 s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during the 1930s.

Design and description
The Kagerō class was an enlarged and improved version of the preceding . Their crew numbered 240 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured  overall, with a beam of  and a draft of . They displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of  for a designed speed of . The ships had a range of  at a speed of .

The main armament of the Kagerō class consisted of six Type 3  guns in three twin-gun turrets, one superfiring pair aft and one turret forward of the superstructure. They were built with four Type 96  anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but more of these guns were added over the course of the war. The ships were also armed with eight  torpedo tubes for the oxygen-fueled Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedo in two quadruple traversing mounts; one reload was carried for each tube. Their anti-submarine weapons comprised 16 depth charges.

Construction and career
Maikaze saw various escorting duties in the throughout the Indian Ocean early parts of 1942 and served as a carrier escort during the Battle of Midway, where she helped to scuttle the Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi. After surviving a bombing raid during convoy escorting that sank the troop ships  Nichiryu Maru and Myoko Maru on the 7th of January 1943, Maikaze saw more convoy escorting until the start of 1944.

On 17 February 1944, while evacuating convoys to Yokosuka from Truk following the Allied attack on Truk, Maikaze, the cruiser , and the auxiliary cruiser Akagi Maru were sunk by gunfire from the cruisers , , and the battleship   northwest of Truk (). Maikaze herself was sunk with all hands, including Commander Destroyer Division 4 (Captain Kenma Isohisa).

Notes

References

External links
 CombinedFleet.com: Kagero-class destroyers
 CombinedFleet.com: Maikaze history

Kagerō-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
1941 ships
Warships lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in February 1944
Shipwrecks of the Caroline Islands
Ships built by Fujinagata Shipyards
Kit Kat (disambiguation)

Kit Kat is a chocolate-coated wafer confection.

Kit Kat, Kit Cat or Kitkat may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Kit Kat Klub, a fictional place in the 1962 show Cabaret and 1972 film 
 Kit Kat, a fictional character in the 1991 film Hudson Hawk
 The Kit Kat, a 1991 Egyptian film
 Kit Kat band, the orchestra of Arthur Rosebery
 The Kit Kats, an American rock band

Businesses and organisations
 Kit-Cat Club, an early 18th-century English club in London with strong political and literary associations, whose name derives from "Kit Kats" mutton pies
 Kit Kat Club, a New York City cabaret venue, now Stephen Sondheim Theatre
 Kit Kat Club, a 1920s London nightclub, in the later Odeon Haymarket 
 KitKatClub, a Berlin night club opened in 1994
 Kit Kat Guest Ranch, a brothel in Nevada, US
 Kit-Kat Press, a printing press associated with the Oxford University Society of Bibliophiles
 Kit Kat Club, a New York City artists' club that inspired the Kokoon Arts Club
 Playhouse Theatre, a West End theatre renamed to the Kit Kat Club for the 2021 revival of the musical Cabaret

People
 Kitkat (comedian) (Soraya Ray L. Bañas, born 1987)
 Sidney Kitcat (1868–1942), English cricketer

Other uses
 Kit-cat portrait, a particular size of portrait 
 Android KitKat, version 4.4 of the popular mobile operating system
 Kit-Cat Klock, an art deco novelty-style clock 
 Al-Kit Kat, a neighborhood of Greater Cairo located in Giza, Egypt 
 Kit Kat, a station under Kit Kat Square on the Cairo Metro Line 3, Egypt
 Kit Kat Café, a famous café located in Baghdad, Iraq

See also
 
 
 
 

 Kat (disambiguation)
 Kit (disambiguation)
Karl Rubke

Karl John Rubke (December 6, 1935April 27, 2009) was a professional American football center and linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL).

College career
He played college football at the University of Southern California.

Professional career
Rubke was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the 5th round (56th overall) of the 1957 NFL Draft. He played for the NFL's 49ers (1957–1960, 1962–1965), the Minnesota Vikings (1961), the Atlanta Falcons (1966–1967), and the AFL's Oakland Raiders (1968)

See also
Other American Football League players

External links
Obituary

1935 births
2009 deaths
Players of American football from Los Angeles
American football centers
American football linebackers
USC Trojans football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Minnesota Vikings players
Atlanta Falcons players
Oakland Raiders players
American Football League players
Calcium lactate gluconate

Calcium lactate gluconate, also known as GLOCAL, is a soluble salt of calcium, lactic acid and gluconic acid used in effervescent calcium tablets.  Its chemical formula is Ca5(C3H5O3)6·(C6H11O7)4·2H2O. It was first developed by Sandoz, Switzerland. Calcium lactate gluconate is used in the functional and fortified food industry due to its good solubility and neutral taste. In addition, it is used in various spherification techniques in molecular gastronomy. It can also be used to help neutralize HF (hydrofluoric acid) poisoning.

References

Calcium compounds
Lactates
Gluconates
E-number additives
Vitória (Porto)

Vitória () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória. The population in 2011 was 1,901, in an area of 0.33 km².

Vitória is one of the four districts within the UNESCO World Heritage Classified Zone of Porto, the others being São Nicolau, Sé, and Miragaia. A major landmark of Vitória is the Clérigos Tower ("Torre dos Clérigos"). The Vitória district is bounded by the Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, São Nicolau, Sé, and Miragaia districts.

References

Former parishes of Porto
Westland Province

The Westland Province was a province of New Zealand from 1873 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. The capital was Hokitika.

Area and history
The area was part of Canterbury Province when the provinces were created in 1853. By 1868, triggered by the population growth associated with the West Coast Gold Rush, the West Coast region was separated from Canterbury Province with the formation of the County of Westland. The boundary to Canterbury was defined as the crest of the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana.

This county was not a true province, as it had all the administrative powers of a provincial council, but saw the legislative powers remain with Parliament in Wellington. Members of Parliament were not happy with having to spend their time on local legislation, and in 1873 the government elevated the county to full provincial status – the last of the 10 New Zealand provinces to be established.

The province covered an area roughly the same as the present day Westland District, on the West Coast of New Zealand. The boundary with the Nelson Province was, as per George Grey's proclamation from February 1853, the Grey and Arnold Rivers, Lake Brunner, and from there to the headwaters of the Hurunui River through then virtually unknown territory.

When John Hall resigned as Westland county chairman the government appointed James Bonar. Bonar was chairman during the period of the Fenian riots and is credited with "great tact in handling that explosive situation".

In March 1868 he swore in 640 special constables to suppress an Irish nationalist procession in Hokitika. Bonar was replaced by Conrad Hoos, but later—when 
on 1 December 1873 Westland split from Canterbury Province—Bonar resumed, but as the provincial superintendent.

Anniversary Day
New Zealand law still provides for a provincial anniversary day.

Superintendents and officials

The Westland Province had one Superintendent:

In 1874 John Lazar, former Hokitika Town Clerk and Country Treasurer, was appointed Provincial Treasurer.

Legislation
No legislation passed by the Westland Provincial Council has survived to the present time.

References

External links
 Map of the old provincial boundaries.
 The Seal of Westland

Provinces of New Zealand
States and territories established in 1873
1876 disestablishments in New Zealand
1873 establishments in New Zealand
Lower Dublin Township, Pennsylvania

Lower Dublin Township, also known as Dublin Township, was a township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854.

History
Commonly called Lower Dublin, a township in the upper part of the county, adjoining Moreland and Byberry Townships on the south, extending southeast nearly in a parallel line to the Poquessing Creek and the Delaware River. Bustleton, Fox Chase and Holmesburg were in this township.

It was originally about five miles at its greatest length and three miles in breadth, with an area of 9,500 acres (38 km2). It was bisected by the Pennypack Creek, known in those days as the Dublin Creek.  This township was formerly called Lower Dublin to distinguish it from another Dublin township, formerly in Philadelphia County, but now in Montgomery County, and there called Upper Dublin. This township was one of the first created in the county, but the date is not known.

In 1853, about half the area of the township was separated out into Delaware Township, which comprised what are now the Torresdale and Holmesburg sections of the city of Philadelphia.

Resources
Chronology of the Political Subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683-1854 ()
Information courtesy of ushistory.org
Incorporated District, Boroughs, and Townships in the County of Philadelphia, 1854 By Rudolph J. Walther - excerpted from the book at the ushistory.org website

Municipalities in Philadelphia County prior to the Act of Consolidation, 1854
1854 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Southland Province

The Southland Province was a province of New Zealand from March 1861, when it split from Otago Province, until 1870, when it rejoined Otago.

History
Following the passage of the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 by the British Parliament, New Zealand was divided into six new provinces in 1853, the southern part of the South Island was part of the Otago Province. Settlers in Murihiku, the southernmost part of the South Island purchased from Māori in 1853 by Walter Mantell, petitioned the government for separation from Otago. Petitioning started in 1857. The central government's General Assembly passed the New Provinces Act in 1858, and the Province of Southland was proclaimed in 1861. It was named Southland despite the wishes of many settlers and Māori, who preferred Murihiku.

The province started to accumulate debt, whereas Otago prospered due to the Central Otago Gold Rush. By the late 1860s, most settlers wanted to become part of the Otago Province again, and this was achieved in 1870.

Area
The province was much smaller than the present-day Southland region. The area was bounded by the Mataura River (east), the Waiau River (west), and a line from Eyre Peak to Lake Manapouri (north). Stewart Island was purchased by the Crown in 1863 and added to the area. The capital and largest settlement of Southland Province was Invercargill.

Railways
The Southland Province began a number of railway projects. The branch line to Bluff (which was known as Campbelltown until 1917) opened on 5 February 1867. It was built to international standard gauge of 1,435 mm (4 feet 8.5 inches), wider than the national gauge of 1,067 mm (3 feet 6 inches) gauge. When the central government passed legislation setting a single standard for track gauges, the line was converted to the new gauge in a single day, 18 December 1875. The railway later became part of the New Zealand Railways Department.

Anniversary Day
Founded: 1 April 1861 

New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each province.

Superintendents
The Southland Province had three Superintendents:

Legislation
 1861 Breaks away from Otago Province
 1870 Reunited with Otago

Notes

References

External links
 A page containing a map of the old provincial boundaries is available here.

Southland, New Zealand
Provinces of New Zealand
States and territories established in 1861
1870 disestablishments in New Zealand
1861 establishments in New Zealand
Don't Wanna Be Here

Don't Wanna Be Here was the first single for the band Cool for August and was also released as a CD single in Australia in 1997.  Contains the b-side cover of the Merle Haggard song, "You Don't Have Very Far to Go" which also appeared on the band's MilkinSorgin EP.

Track listing
"Don't Wanna Be Here" – 3:50
"Hope I'm Wrong" – 4:07
"You Don't Have Very Far to Go" – 3:59

1997 singles
Cool for August songs
1997 songs
Warner Records singles
Ladyfinger Peak

The Bublimotin, Bubli Motin, Bublimating or Ladyfinger Peak (), is a distinctive rock spire in the Batura Muztagh, the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range in Pakistan. It lies on the southwest ridge of the Ultar Sar massif, the most southeasterly of the major groups of the Batura Muztagh. The whole massif rises precipitously above the Hunza Valley to the southeast.

Bublimotin is a sharp, relatively snowless, rock spire among the nearby peaks, although it has little prominence above the saddle with nearby Hunza Peak. It provides a  rock climb (with a very serious alpine approach) and has been the scene of some notable paragliding.

An interesting folk tale about the peak (Bubli mo Ting literally means 'Bubli's peak) is that Kisar, a (magical) prince from Baltistan, came to Hunza on one of his adventures and married a princess, a gas, called Bubli. When he received news that his first wife in Baltistan, Langabrumo, had been kidnapped (by a phut or a deu, one story says, but according to Lorimer's book it is a king from another country), he immediately made preparations to set off and rescue her. He took Bubli up to this mountain, (later named after her), and handed her a sack of grain as well as a hen or chicken (a qarqamuts). She must have asked whether – and when – he would be back and he told her: "Every year give this chicken a single grain to eat. When the sack is empty, I will return. Until that time, stay here." He left, and, they say, Bubli is waiting there still.

See also 
 List of mountains in Pakistan
 Highest Mountains of the World

Note and references 
  This elevation is approximate.
 Climbs and Expeditions:Pakistan, The American Alpine Journal (1997), pp. 306 – 331

Sources 
 Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
 Himalayan Index
 Ladyfinger Peak – Weather Forecast

Six-thousanders of the Karakoram
Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan
Eddie Saenz

Edwin Matthew Saenz (September 21, 1923 – April 28, 1971) was an American football running back for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football at the University of Southern California and was drafted in the 15th round of the 1945 NFL Draft. Saenz was given the nickname "tortilla" because of his Mexican American heritage.

Eddie was a causal factor in USC's winning the 1944 Rose Bowl.  He enlisted in the Navy prior to the end of World War II and played football with the Great Lakes Naval Academy.  A career-ending injury forced Eddie to retire after five years with the Washington Redskins where he played both offense as a halfback and defense.  After his retirement from football, he worked as a stunt man for various movies and often served as a double for Anthony Quinn.  Eddie died at age 48 leaving a widow and nine children.

References

1923 births
1971 deaths
American football halfbacks
Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football players
USC Trojans football players
Washington Redskins players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Players of American football from Santa Monica, California
American sportspeople of Mexican descent