alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Tivoli Theatre, Aberdeen

The Tivoli Theatre is a theatre in Aberdeen, Scotland, opened in 1872 as Her Majesty's Theatre and was built by the Aberdeen Theatre and Opera House Company Ltd, under architects James Matthews of Aberdeen and Charles J. Phipps, a London-based architect brought in to consult. The auditorium was rebuilt in 1897 by theatre architect Frank Matcham, but then closed temporarily in 1906, following the opening of the larger His Majesty's Theatre. The smaller theatre was extensively reconstructed in 1909, again by Frank Matcham, and re-opened in July 1910 as the Tivoli. The Tivoli was refurbished again in 1938.

The theatre became a bingo hall in 1966. In the mid 1980s plans were made to improve the bingo-oriented facilities and the building, but little was actually done. The building finally closed for bingo in 1998 and became disused.

From 2000, The building had been in private hands, and attempts by the Tivoli Theatre Trust to purchase the building were unsuccessful, . In April 2006, some cosmetic preservative work was observed at the building.

On 10 July 2009, the owner of the Tivoli Theatre decided to sell the property to Mr Brian Hendry. On 16 July 2009 during a meeting with the Aberdeen Tivoli Theatre Trust, Mr Hendry outlined his intention to operate the Tivoli Theatre on a profit-making basis as a mid-scale venue with ancillary facilities, through the Tivoli Theatre Company Ltd. The building was restored. The reopening was funded by many businesses.

The Tivoli was listed on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland.

On 19 April 2012, it was announced that the Theatre had been made wind and watertight and that its frontage had been brought back to its former glory. The next phase of the restoration was set to bring the interior up to 21st century standards, including a 450-seat auditorium, a cafe and a gallery.

The theatre reopened on 25 October 2013  with Inferno, an original play by Thomas Bywater which ran from 25–27 October 2013. On 7 December 2013 Attic theatre's production of Robin Hood and The Babes In The Wood became the first Pantomime at the theatre in 50 years and was followed by Sleeping Beauty in 2014 and Dick Whittington in 2015.  Attic return in 2016 with Aladdin. Joseph Purdy Productions became the first UK touring pantomime to visit the Tivoli in July 2018 with Rapunzel.  All three levels of the theatre are now open.

The theatre was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic and reopened in August 2021.

Predecessors
A plaque erected by Aberdeen City Council at Theatre Lane states:
"In 1795 the Theatre Royal, seating 600, was created in Marischal Street by Stephen Kemble, brother of the actor John Philip Kemble. Eminent performers included Charles Macready and Charles Keen. The theatre flourished until 1872 when it was replaced by Her Majesty's Opera House, later the Tivoli, in Guild Street."

References

External links
 Tivoli Theatre Website
 The Tivoli Theatre Trust
 Panoramas of the Tivoli Theatre (QuickTime required)

Culture in Aberdeen
Theatres completed in 1897
Category A listed buildings in Aberdeen
Theatres in Aberdeen
Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland
Bréguet–Sabin station

Bréguet–Sabin () is a station of the Paris Métro, serving line 5, located in the 11th arrondissement of Paris.

Location
The station is located under the Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, along the covered Canal Saint-Martin, close to Rue Bréguet and Rue Saint-Sabin, between the Richard-Lenoir and Bastille metro stations.

History
The station name pays tribute to the Breguet family, including the Swiss-born watchmaker Abraham Breguet (1747–1823), who invented watches with automatic winding for astronomy. His grandson Louis Breguet (1804–1883) invented electrical and radio-telegraphic apparatus and collaborated with Claude Chappe. Later, his great-grandson Antoine (1851–1882) developed an electric anemometer. The sons of the latter, pioneers of aviation, Jacques and the famous Louis Charles Breguet (1880–1955) were the builders of the aircraft piloted by Dieudonné Costes and Maurice Bellonte who crossed the Atlantic from east to west in 1930. The name of the station is also a tribute to Angelesme de Saint-Sabin who was city councillor of Paris in 1777. The station was open on December 31, 1906.

The station saw 2,351,237 passengers enter it in 2018, placing it in 233rd position out of 302 metro stations.

Services for passengers

Access
The station has two entrances with stairs leading to each end of the platform, located on Boulevard Richard-Lenoir.
 access 1 – cnr.  21 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue Saint-Sabin, its entrance ironwork decorated by Hector Guimard;
 access 2 – cnr. 9 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue de Pasteur Wagner, has a simple decoration in the same style.

Station layout

Platforms
Breguet–Sabin is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks. The ceiling consists of a metal deck, whose silver beams, are supported by vertical walls. The platforms are in the Andreu-Motte style with a yellow luminous rail and yellow Motte seats. The spandrels and walls have flat white tiles aligned and placed vertically. The advertising frames are metallic and the name of the station is in Parisine typeface on enamelled plates.

Bus connections
The station is served by line 69 of the RATP Bus Network.

Gallery

References

Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D’Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Paris Métro stations in the 11th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1906
Chalice (band)

Chalice was an Australian Gothic-doom metal band from Adelaide, South Australia. The group released three albums and was perhaps Australia's most notable Gothic metal band for a number of years before splitting up in 2007.

The band was formed by singer/keyboards player Shiralee Morgan and drummer Adrian Bickle in late 1996. The pair was at the time in a band called Jeneaha that released a demo before breaking up. Morgan and Bickle continued the project under the new name of Chalice. With guitarists Sean Graetz and Darren McLennan (from fellow Adelaide band Fury), bass player Mark Bodossian and Russell providing violin, the band recorded Chronicles of Dysphoria which won them the attention of Melbourne label Modern Invasion. In the meantime Justin Hartwig had replaced McLennan, who departed to continue with Fury and Alannah Probert also joined the band playing flute in place of the violinist. Chronicles of Dysphoria was then re-recorded with updated arrangements and released through Modern Invasion in 2000. In October they then featured at the Metal for the Brain festival in Canberra.

Chalice recorded their second album during 2001 and it was released in October to coincide with another appearance at Metal for the Brain, this time on the main stage. Bodossian left the group after this and was replaced by Simon Henderson in time for a tour of the east coast in early 2002. Bodossian later joined the British doom band Esoteric.

During 2003 Chalice completed their third album, Augmented, featuring some cello parts from Joel Baligod and Infernal Method member Joss Separovic contributing Spanish guitar in the track "Child of the Matador". The band also supported Opeth and Mayhem during their Australian tours that year.

Adrian Bickle departed Chalice in 2005 and was replaced by Matt Enright. The group then did a tour of New Zealand during the year. A new EP was completed by mid-2006. Featuring strings provided by the Zephyr Quartet, "The Calm That Was the Storm" was Probert's last release with the band as she left prior to its release. A video was made of the title track and was included on the resultant CD. After this, the band's activities seemed to freeze for almost a year. On 5 May 2007, Justin Hartwig posted to the group's internet forum that he and the rest of Chalice had split from Morgan, bringing the group to an end and announcing a forthcoming new band called Black Orchid. Morgan has since contended that she too will continue a separate musical avenue.

Discography

External links
Official Website

Musical groups established in 1996
Australian gothic metal musical groups
Musical groups from Adelaide
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
Australian doom metal musical groups
Richard-Lenoir station

Richard-Lenoir () is a station on Line 5 of the Paris Métro, located in the 11th arrondissement.

Location
The station is located under Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, alongside the covered Canal Saint-Martin, near Allée Verte and the Rue Pelée.

History
It opened on 17 December 1906, as part of the extension of Line 5 from Place Mazas (now Quai de la Rapée) to Lancry (today Jacques Bonsergent). The name refers to Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, named after the industrialist François Richard (1765–1839) who went by the name Richard-Lenoir after the death of his business partner Joseph Lenoir-Dufresne. It saw 2,172,035 passengers entering the station in 2018, which places it in 247th position for attendance out of 302 metro stations.

Services for travellers

Access
The station has two accesses, all of which consist of fixed stairs:
 access 1 - cnr. 65 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue Gaby-Sylvia, entrance designed by Hector Guimard is a registered as a historical monument since May 29, 1978;
 access 2 - cnr. Boulevard Richard-Lenoir / Rue Rue Pelée.

Station layout

Platforms
Richard-Lenoir station has a standard configuration. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks. Established on the ground floor, the ceiling consists of a metal deck, whose beams, silver coloured, are supported by vertical walls. The platforms are in the Andreu-Motte style with a yellow light rail and green Motte seats. The tunnel exits and walls are provided with flat white tiles organised vertically. The advertising frames are metallic, and the name of the station is of Parisine typeface on enamelled plate.

Bus connections
The station does not have a connection with the RATP Bus Network.

References

Paris Métro stations in the 11th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1906
Mick Cooke

Mick Cooke (born 15 December 1973) is a Scottish multi-instrumentalist who was the trumpet player of the indie band Belle & Sebastian for fifteen years before leaving in 2013 to concentrate on composing full-time.

Besides the trumpet, Cooke plays other brass instruments, including the French horn, and occasionally plays electric guitar and bass live.

Cooke was a founding member of Belle & Sebastian, although he did not officially join until their third album (he was prevented from doing so because his other band, Hardbody, was under contract with Sony). Whilst he was known to sing at some concerts (including a rendition of "This Guy's In Love With You"), the only official Belle & Sebastian release with Cooke on lead vocals is "The Monkeys Are Breaking Out of The Zoo", from the charity compilation Colours Are Brighter.

Cooke also plays in the ska band The Amphetameanies and appeared on the 2007 Idlewild album, Make Another World. He has worked as an arranger for artists such as Franz Ferdinand, Phil Cunningham, and Jason Donovan. He is said to have had an influence on other Scottish-based bands, including Franz Ferdinand (who incidentally were given a bass guitar by Mick, leading to the formation of the band), whose members appeared in Belle & Sebastian's enigmatic early promotional photographs.

Cooke now composes music for films, theatre, and animations. He worked as composer on Boj for CBeebies, and on Zack & Quack for Nick Jr. His theatre work includes the score for Cannibal Women Of Mars which played at the Tron Theatre in Glasgow in 2013.

References

External links
Mick Cooke's website

1973 births
Living people
Scottish trumpeters
Male trumpeters
Belle and Sebastian members
British indie pop musicians
People educated at Harris Academy
Ipswich to Felixstowe Run

The Ipswich to Felixstowe Run is an annual event in the English county of Suffolk. Up to 500 vehicles can participate in the event, starting in Christchurch Park, Ipswich. The vehicles make a  journey to the promenade of Felixstowe, where they line up and remain there for a large part of the day.  From 2015, a vehicle must be over 31 years old to participate. This event attracts many people to view the spectacle. The event is held on the first Sunday of May. It is organised by Ipswich Transport Museum, all helping are volunteers from the museum.

The vehicles can be seen at Christchurch Park from 0930 until 1130 and will start to arrive in Felixstowe at 1300 and will leave in the late afternoon.

Sport in Suffolk
Sport in Ipswich
Automotive events
Soa

Soa may refer to:

Places

Scotland 
Soa (near Coll), an island in the United Kingdom in Argyll and Bute
Soa, Tiree, a tidal island of Tiree, Argyll and Bute
Soa Island, an islet lying south of Iona, Argyll and Bute, Scotland

Elsewhere
Soa (Phrygia), a town of ancient Phrygia, now in Turkey
Soa, Cameroon, a town in Centre region
Soa Airport, in Bajawa, Indonesia
Søo, a river in Norway, also known as the Søa

Other uses
Soa (barklice), a genus in the family Lepidopsocidae
Soa Palelei (born 1977), Australian mixed martial artist
Soa de Muse, French drag queen

See also 

SOA (disambiguation)
 SOAS (disambiguation)
Phare de la méditerranée

The Phare de la méditerranée is an observation tower with a revolving restaurant 45 metres above ground at Palavas-les-Flots in France. It was built in 1943 as a water tower.

See also 
 List of towers

External links 
 https://archive.today/20010303155840/http://www.palavaslesflots.com/fr/vacances/phare-medi.html
 http://www.skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=47688
 

Towers completed in 1943
Water supply infrastructure
Observation towers in France
Towers with revolving restaurants
Bobby Kildea

Bobby Kildea is a musician from Northern Ireland. He plays bass and guitar in the Scottish indie pop band Belle & Sebastian, after joining in 2001 to replace departing bassist Stuart David, and had previously been in V-Twin.

In December 2008, he toured with The Vaselines during Belle & Sebastian's hiatus, during which Stuart Murdoch was heading his God Help the Girl project.

Bobby features alongside Belle and Sebastian co-star Stevie Jackson on the 2011 album 'Fuerteventura' by Spanish artist Russian Red

References 

Belle and Sebastian members
Male bass guitarists from Northern Ireland
Living people
People educated at Sullivan Upper School
British indie pop musicians
The Vaselines members
21st-century bass guitarists from Northern Ireland
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Bangor, County Down
Musicians from County Down
21st-century male musicians from Northern Ireland
An Honorable Profession

An Honorable Profession is a 1991 novel by John L'Heureux and his thirteenth book. It was a 1991 New York Times Notable Book, described as "… a risky combination: a thriller, a philosophical, melodramatic novel of sexual possession, a satire of small-town mores in New England."

Miles Bannon is a popular high-school English teacher in Boston who enjoys the respect of his students. His mother is dying. He is in a relationship with Margaret but is plagued by a deep insecurity about his sexual orientation, both in his untoward feelings for boys at school and his gay leanings. He has a one-night stand with Robert, a man whose boyfriend is a student at Miles's school.

Billy Mack, a boy who has been sexually assaulted by a group of older students, develops a crush on Miles, who fails to discourage it. Billy's father Jack, a police officer, accuses his son of behavior that encouraged his abusers, and this further depresses Billy.

Miles rejects the boy's advances, and Billy runs off, committing suicide two hours later in his bedroom. Billy leaves an unfinished suicide note addressed not to his parents, but to Miles. Jack Mack is determined to pin the blame on someone outside the family and makes allegations against Miles.

Miles confronts his own nature as he faces the opprobrium of his colleagues and the homophobia of the local community and media.

References

1991 American novels
Novels set in Boston
Works by John L'Heureux
Tour Perret

Tour Perret may refer to:

 Tour Perret (Amiens),  high, a skyscraper building located in Amiens, France
 Tour Perret (Grenoble),  high and also called Tour d'Orientation, an observation tower located in Grenoble, France
Goth Opera

Goth Opera is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their Missing Adventures range of Doctor Who novels. It was the first book in that series and a sequel to the New Adventure book Blood Harvest, but it can be read separately.

Plot
As the Fifth Doctor and his companions vacation in Tasmania they become caught up in a scheme by the Time Lord Ruath to resurrect the vampire Yarven (from Blood Harvest).  Ruath sends a vampire baby to attack the Doctor and turn him into a vampire, but the child instead attacks and converts Nyssa.  Unable to provide Yarven with the Doctor's Time Lord blood, Ruath gives her own blood to Yarven, causing her to die and regenerate into a vampire Time Lord.

Nyssa, while trying fight her new vampire nature, is drawn to Yarven's castle, where she learns more about Ruath's plan.  Ruath has created a genetically enhanced mist that can turn normal humans into vampires, and kill those who use traditional methods (garlic, crosses, etc.) to protect themselves.  Ruath has also invented a Time Freeze, a small Time Loop that can hold the Earth in a perpetual night, leaving the vampires free to roam and feed.

Background and continuity
The plot for the novel was originally developed from an unproduced comic strip for  Doctor Who Magazine, which would have featured the Fourth Doctor in a fight against Dracula.  Cornell revised the story to use the Fifth Doctor for this first Missing Adventure.

Placement problem
The back cover of Goth Opera says that it takes place between the television stories Snakedance and Mawdryn Undead. However, it is difficult to avoid the fact that there is actually no gap between these shows to put an extra adventure.

Cover
The novel's cover was originally to feature a far more graphic image of Nyssa's shirt covered in blood.
The artwork had to be adjusted and the blood airbrushed out when retailer W H Smith insisted that they would not stock the book in that form.

References

1994 British novels
1994 science fiction novels
Fifth Doctor novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Novels by Paul Cornell
Vampire novels
Manchester in fiction
Abdul Hakim Munib

Maulavi Abdul Hakim Munib () (also written "Monib") is an Afghan politician, born about 1971.  He was Governor of Oruzgan (also written "Uruzgan") province from March 18, 2006, through August 2007, when he was replaced.

Background 
Munib studied Islamic Studies and also took courses at the Afghan Foreign Ministry.  He is fluent in Dari and Pashto (Afghanistan's major languages) and speaks some English. Munib is a Pashtun, from the small Ali Khel tribe of Paktia Province.  He was a senior official in the Ministry of Tribal & Border Affairs during the Taliban era, and was listed on the UN 1267 Sanctions List of Persons Associated with the Taliban until 25 January 2010, when he was removed from this list.

Political career as governor of Oruzgan 
In March 2006, Munib replaced Jan Mohammed Khan as governor of Oruzgan Province.  Mohammed Khan was removed from office by President Karzai at the request of the international community because of his long-standing corruption, involvement with poppy cultivation, and incompetence.

In his early months as Oruzgan's governor, Munib impressed outsiders with his administrative competence, but because he comes from a different province, he experienced difficulty in finding local tribal allies to underpin his authority.  This is problematic because of Oruzgan's acute security problems stemming from the ongoing Taliban insurgency and widespread poppy cultivation.

President Karzai replaced Munib as governor of Oruzgan in August 2007 due to Munib's growing ineffectiveness. Karzai appointed Asadullah Hamdam in his place.

References

U.N., U.S. Actions Sometimes at Odds On Afghan Policy, Washington Post , July 5, 2007

Living people
Governors of Urozgan Province
Pashtun people
People from Paktia Province
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sumerpur

Sumerpur is a city in the south part of Pali District of Rajasthan state in India. Named after Maharaja Sumer Singh of Jodhpur, it came into existence in 1912 on the northern bank of Jawai river.  The town is headquarters of the Sumerpur revenue subdivision and Sumerpur Tahsil. Sumerpur is an important agricultural mandi (large market) for Pali, Sirohi and Jalore districts.

History
During World War 1, the British government requested the Maharaja of Jodhpur to set up a POW camp to hold Ottoman POWs. Jodhpur Maharaja agreed and POW Camp was set up in Sumerpur in 1915. When Commissioners from International Red Cross visited the Sumerpur POW camp in March 1917, there were 3366 Turkish POWs here, mostly Mesopotamian Arabs, Christians and Armenians.  It was expanded later and at one point there were 9000 POWs here. There are 149 graves of Ottoman POWs still present in Sumerpur.

Geography
Sumerpur is located at the western side of the state, Thar Desert, on the north bank of the Jawai River. The Jawal River is an intermittent stream that runs during monsoon season, and is tributary to the Luni River. The Sumerpur township covers an area of 500 m².

Demographics
In the 2011 India census, Sumerpur had a population of 37,093. Males constituted 52% (19,202) of the population and females 48% (17,891). Sumerpur had an average literacy rate of 68.22%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy was 77.14%, and female literacy was 58.63%. In 2011 in Sumerpur, 12% of the population was under 6 years of age.

In the 2001 India census, Sumerpur had a population of 31,482. Males constituted 52% (16,486) of the population and females 48% (14,996). Sumerpur had an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 71%, and female literacy was 47%. In 2001 in Sumerpur, 12% of the population was under 6 years of age.

Cuisine
Sumerpur is known for its Rajasthani cuisine such as  and various sweets such as . It is found on most of the occasions whether it be marriage or festival.

Industries
Sumerpur is one of the biggest markets for mustard seed in Rajasthan. Cotton and chillis are exported from Sumerpur. Ghee making is a cottage industry of the town. Other major industries of Sumerpur are construction, timber, and woodwork where major suppliers include Ambika Timber Mart - which supplied wood to Kashi corridor, Kuber Hardware and Kuber Sanitary. Sumerpur is known in  Rajasthan for its ornamental ironworks, which produces articles such as iron furniture, gates and railings. Almost all the work is organised in the form of small-scale industries, whereas, automobile retailers sales a lot over the areas near the town.biggest tea brand golden cup tea(Anupam tea centre)

Media
sanatan jyotish panchang (annual publication) [8]

References
 

Cities and towns in Pali district
Yellow bass

The yellow bass (Morone mississippiensis) is a member of the family Moronidae. This species is a deep bodied fish that possesses five to seven dark stripes laterally along the sides, the lowest few of these are often broken or disrupted anterior to the origin of the anal fin. This species is somewhat similar to two other species in the family Moronidae, the white bass and the striped bass. The yellow bass is distinguishable from both of these species by having the offset lateral stripes above the anal fin and from not possessing tooth patches on the tongue. The yellow bass differs further from the white bass by having nine to ten anal rays in comparison to eleven or thirteen. The back of the fish is usually a dark olive green, and the abdomen and sides are often a silvery yellow.

Diet
Food exploited by young yellow bass include small invertebrates including copepods and aquatic insects. The juvenile yellow bass feeds almost exclusively on aquatic insects and crustaceans, and once they reach adulthood they feed primarily on other small fishes; the rest of their diet consists of small crustaceans.

Habitat and distribution
Yellow bass may be found in somewhat clear waters of the Mississippi River from Minnesota to Louisiana and may also be found in the Trinity River and the Tennessee River. The yellow bass can also be found in lakes surrounding these rivers, especially in areas with dense vegetation and low turbidity.  It may move into brackish estuaries.

Reproduction and life cycle
The reproductive biology of the yellow bass is similar to that of the white bass, where spawning occurs during the spring with fish swimming into the tributaries to make spawning runs. Spawning usually occurs in moderately shallow waters during which the female lies on her side and exposes the eggs as the male fertilizes from above. The larvae of the yellow bass school together to avoid predation and they grow fairly quickly in size. Yellow bass have average lifespan of about six years.

Importance to humans
The yellow bass is not as popular a gamefish as either the white bass or the striped bass because of its small size. They are usually caught by anglers fishing with crappie jigs or minnows. These fish may also be caught in large numbers because of their large populations. The yellow bass is edible and this fish is commonly eaten in its range.

The International Game Fish Association world record yellow bass, caught in the Morse Reservoir in Indiana in 2000, weighed .

Etymology
The specific name, mississippiensis, comes from the Mississippi River.

References

External links

 Animal Texas Parks and Wildlife - Yellow Bass (Morone mississippiensis)
 NatureServe Explorer - Morone mississippiensis

Morone
Fish of the Great Lakes
Fish described in 1887
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
Idle Gossip

Idle Gossip is a full-length album by the punk band Toy Dolls.

Track listing
All writing by Michael "Olga" Algar. 
  "Idle Gossip"  – 2:33
  "Do You Wanna Be Like Dougy Bell"  – 2:39
  "The Lambrusco Kid"  – 3:28
  "You Won't Be Merry On A North Sea Ferry"  – 3:09
  "Harry Cross (A Tribute To Edna)"  – 3:44 (referring to a storyline in Brookside)
  "Geordie's Gone To Jail"  – 3:36
  "Silly Billy"  – 2:09
  "If You're In A Pop Group You'll End Up Paying A Fortune Practicing At Peter Practice's Practice Place"  – 2:56
  "PC Stoker"  – 2:56
  "I Tried To Trust Tracey"  – 3:40
  "Keith's A Thief"  – 2:05
  "I'll Get Even With Steven (Steve Is Tender)"  – 3:18

External links
 Full album lyrics
 Idle Gossip page on The Toy Dolls website

Personnel
 Michael "Olga" Algar - Vocals, Guitar
 Dean (James) Robson - Bass, Vocals
 Graham "Teddy" Edmundson - Drums, Vocals

Toy Dolls albums
1986 albums
South Suburban Co-operative Society

The South Suburban Co-operative Society (SSCS) was a co-operative retailer in south London, Surrey and Kent, England. It became part of the Co-operative Wholesale Society, now the Co-operative Group.

The SSCS came into existence in 1918 with the amalgamation of the Croydon (formed 1887), Bromley and Crays (formed 1882 and 1870) and Penge and Beckenham (formed 1879) Societies. In 1930, SSCS merged with the Reigate Industrial and Provident Society, followed by the Tonbridge Industrial Society in 1938.

In May 1947, a  sports centre was opened at Beckenham and in May 1949 employees were accorded full membership rights.

The SSCS registered office was at 99 London Road, Croydon, Surrey, where it remained until it merged with the Co-operative Wholesale Society on 28 July 1984. Following the merger of the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society (RACS) with CWS in February 1985, administration of both the SSCS and RACS was moved to Woolwich on 6 May 1985. The London Road offices closed on 17 May 1985 and moved to 18 Blackhorse Lane, Addiscombe until later that year.

Co-operative education was an important part of the SSCS philosophy and in 1920 an Education Department was formed to arrange numerous educational, cultural and social activities and events. It became very influential in both local and national co-operative educational affairs.

The SSCS financially supported a local Co-operative Party Committee, which initiated and sponsored local political candidates and events.

The merger with CWS saw the SSCS operating shops and services over an area of  of eastern Surrey and western Kent. In its last full trading year, the SSCS had a turnover of £47m, share capital of £1.7m, membership of 167,000, and 1,100 staff.

References
Looking Back..., South East region, Co-operative Wholesale Society Membership & Education Dept., July 1992.

Former co-operatives of the United Kingdom
History of the London Borough of Croydon
History of Surrey
Defunct department stores of the United Kingdom
1984 disestablishments in the United Kingdom

Retail companies established in 1918

Consumers' co-operatives of the United Kingdom
Retail companies disestablished in 1984
1918 establishments in the United Kingdom
Shops in London
HMS Buffalo

A number of ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Buffalo:

HMS Buffalo was a storeship, launched in 1743 as the 70-gun third-rate . She was reduced to 64-guns in 1760, and renamed Buffalo and used as a storeship from 1777 until broken up in 1783.
 was 12-gun storeship built as the merchant vessel Fremantle, but purchased and launched in 1797. She was hulked in 1814 and sold in 1817.
 was a 16-gun storeship previously the East Indiaman Hindostan. She was purchased in 1813 and wrecked in 1840 off Mercury Bay. She was significant in the colonisation of South Australia.
 was an iron screw storeship transferred from the Treasury Department in 1855, where she had been known as Baron von Humboldt. She was renamed Buffalo in 1856, was transferred to the Victualling Department in 1868 and was sold in 1888.
 was an iron screw storeship transferred from the War Department in 1891, where she had been known as Earl de Gray & Ripon. She was sold in 1903.
 was a Trinculo-class mooring vessel launched in 1916 and sunk by a mine in 1941.
HMS Buffalo was to have been a . She was launched for the Royal Navy in 1943, but retained by the US Navy as .

Royal Navy ship names
Birdy (novel)

Birdy is the debut novel of William Wharton, who was more than 50 years old when it was published. It won the U.S. National Book Award in category First Novel. 
Birdy was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1980, ultimately losing to The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer.

Birdy was adapted as a film of the same name, directed by Alan Parker and starring Matthew Modine and Nicolas Cage.

The novel has said to have been a lyrical influence on the song "The King of Birds" by American alternative rock band R.E.M.

Naomi Wallace, a poet and playwright, adapted Birdy for the stage in 1997.

References

1978 American novels
1978 debut novels
American novels adapted into films
National Book Award-winning works
Novels about birds
Novels set in Philadelphia
Novels by William Wharton (author)
Alfred A. Knopf books
American novels adapted into plays
Griffin Road

Griffin Road is a boulevard extending  in Broward County, mostly designated State Road 818 (SR 818). It begins at Orange Drive (U.S. Route 27 or US 27) in Southwest Ranches and continues east to Federal Highway (US 1) in Dania Beach.  The westernmost  of Griffin Road are designated as County Road 818 (CR 818).

Griffin Road serves as a major commuter road for Cooper City, Davie, Hollywood, and Dania Beach in central Broward County, paralleling the South New River Canal for much of its route, and is a primary access road for Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport.

Route description

CR 818
Griffin Road originates as a locally maintained road, beginning in Everglades Holiday Park in the Everglades Wildlife Management Area adjacent to Weston. providing interchanges with US 27 and Interstate 75 (I-75 and SR 93) in Southwest Ranches

Despite the county designation, some state route shields seem to exist west of SR 823, likely because this segment of Griffin Road was formerly part of the state route. In September 2008, the most recent version of the online FDOT county highway map, State Road 818 formerly extended further west, terminating just west of the I-75 interchange. At the US 27 intersection, Griffin Road is signed as "TO SR 818."

SR 818
State Road 818 begins at the Flamingo Road (SR 823) intersection, paralleling the South New River Canal and heading east into a residential suburban area, forming the border between Davie to the north and Cooper City to the south. At this point, Griffin Road fully enters Davie, and intersects with University Drive (SR 817) a half mile east of Pine Island Road. Griffin Road continues east through Davie, having an interchange with Florida's Turnpike (SR 91) before a curve dips slightly south and away from the paralleling canal. The road leaves Davie at the intersection with US 441/SR 7, entering a dense residential area of Hollywood. Griffin Road then enters Dania Beach, retaining the dense residential areas until the interchange with I-95. East of I-95, it forms the southern border of the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, with residential areas lining the road to the south as it approaches its eastern terminus at Federal Highway (US 1) at the southeastern end of the airport.

Major intersections

References

External links

818
818
818
Homesongs

Homesongs is the debut album by British singer-songwriter Adem Ilhan, who was previously best known for his work in the band Fridge with Kieran Hebden. It contains the singles "Ringing in My Ear" and "These Are Your Friends". The album's title alludes to the fact that the album was recorded entirely at Ilhan's own house. The album's title also comes from the themes of "home" in all the songs.

Track listing

References

2004 debut albums
Adem Ilhan albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Frankfurt Airport (disambiguation)

Frankfurt Airport (IATA: FRA) is the busiest airport in Germany, located in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse.

Frankfurt Airport may also refer to:
Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport, a general aviation airport, located in Egelsbach, Hesse, near Frankfurt am Main Airport.
Frankfurt-Hahn Airport (IATA: HHN), a converted U.S. air base, located in Kirchberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, which is popular with low-cost airlines.
 Frankfurt am Main-Flughafen, a city district of Frankfurt am Main, Hesse.
Pyrgus warrenensis

Pyrgus warrenensis, the Warren's skipper, is a species of skipper (family Hesperiidae). It is a strictly Alpine species.

This is a small skipper (wingspan 18–24 mm) with tiny white markings on dark brown wings. It is found in the central and eastern Alps on sunny, low-growing, alpine meadows at an altitude of 1700 to 2700 meters.  A prerequisite, however, is the occurrence of the caterpillar host plant Alpine sunrose ( Helianthemum alpestre ).The name honours Brisbane Charles Somerville Warren.

References

Whalley, Paul - Mitchell Beazley Guide to Butterflies (1981, reprinted 1992)

External links
Lepiforum.de
Images of Pyrgus warrenensis at BOLD

Pyrgus
Butterflies described in 1928
Butterflies of Europe
Taxa named by Ruggero Verity
Nell Island

Nell Island (Marshallese: , ) is part of Kwajalein Atoll in the Ralik Chain in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), 2,100 nautical miles (3900 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii. It lies at a convergence of deep, narrow, protected channels and small islands. This area was the traditional seat of power for the Iroij (High Chiefs) at Kwajalein, prior to foreign occupation and population displacement.

Nel(Nōl) is part of a group of four islands – including Enmaat, Pikon-Nōl and Anē-Ruo – with special historical importance in Marshallese culture.  Marshallese consider these islands some of the most sacred or "mo" (tabu) islands in Kwajalein Atoll.  Enmaat was the residence of the high chiefs' families.  Traditional Marshallese cultural leadership  and land-ownership for these islands resides with the Kabua family.  According to Ato Langio, a Marshallese elder, the area just inside Enmaat – protected by Enmaat, Anē-ruo, Nōl and Pikon-Nōl – is one of the most protected canoe anchorages in the atoll. Early Marshallese cultures relied heavily on their expert navigation skills, their skill in building and sailing the large (up to 100') ocean-going outrigger canoes  known as Proa and on the unique Marshall Islands stick chart as a means of navigational documentation.  The Nel area was called "mien wa" (sheltered haven for canoes for the chief), and protected by "Limejwa", a Marshallese idol. With wistful sadness modern day Marshallese relate how children could cross the channel with immunity protected by "Limejwa" using coconuts for flotation. Pacific cultures anthropologist Dr. Larry Carucci  did extensive research on the cultural significance of sites in Kwajalein Atoll.  He explains that the Nel area is especially significant because the Iroij and Leiroj lived there and also because the island of Anē-ruo was "uliej", the graveyard or cemetery of high chiefs. To this day, out of respect and a sense of "mo" many Marshallese transiting the area stop across the channel from Nōl – on Enmaat – and do not make landfall on Nōl.

These islands fall within the "mid-atoll corridor" which was evacuated in 1965 to establish a safe area for ICBM testing (Nike-X program) when Kwajalein Atoll was part of the United Nations Trust Territories.  The residents were moved to Ebeye where they remain up to this day under terms of a Compact of Free Association.

There's confusion within the non-native population at Kwajalein regarding just which island here is Nel. Many refer to the group of four islands – Nel, Enmaat, Pikon-Nōl, Ane-ruo – as Nel. Nel Island is the larger, longer island east of the chiefs' island and Nel Pass, but recent residents of the Atoll have come to refer to the smaller Anē-Ruo(Enero) island as Nel. This small (1/8 x 1/4 mi) island – the "king's island" – lies lagoon-side of Enmaat and west of Nel Pass. This is the "Nell" that is destination for many current visitors to the area, while Nel itself is the much larger (1/8 x 3.5 mi) island east of Nel pass.

References

Kwajalein Atoll
Islands of the Marshall Islands
Bare Faced Cheek

Bare Faced Cheek is the fourth full-length album by the Punk band Toy Dolls.

Lead singer and guitarist Michael Algar is not a fan of the album, recalling that "we've done a few poor records, but I would have to say that Bare Faced Cheek is the worst; it's awful. The sound was poor; my guitar was broken at the time so I had to use the engineer's guitar with a fuzz box thing... and I hate effects pedals! There is one good track on it though, "Yul Brynner Was a Skinhead"."

Track listing
All songs written by Algar

  "Bare Faced Cheek"  – 0:51
  "Yul Brynner Was A Skinhead"  – 2:54
  "How Do You Deal With Neal?"  – 3:07
  "Howza Bouta Kiss Babe??!"  – 2:50
  "Fisticuffs In Frederick Street"  – 3:19
  "A. Diamond"  – 3:24
  "Quick To Quit The Quentin"  – 2:48
  "Nowt Can Compare To Sunderland Fine Fare"  – 3:03
  "Neville Is A Nerd"  – 2:43
  "Park Lane Punch Up"  – 3:44
  "The Ashbrooke Launderette... (You'll Stink, Your Clothes'll Shrink, Your Whites'll Be Black As Ink)"  – 3:29
  "Bare Faced Cheek"  – 0:30

Personnel
 Michael "Olga" Algar - Vocals, Guitar
 Dean (James) Robson - Bass, Vocals
 Martin "Marty" Yule - Drums, Vocals

References

External links
 Full album lyrics
 Bare Faced Cheek page on The Toy Dolls website

Toy Dolls albums
1987 albums
Michael Kitt

Michael Kitt may refer to:

Michael F. Kitt (1914–1974), Irish Fianna Fáil politician and long-serving Teachta Dála
His son Michael P. Kitt (born 1950), Irish Fianna Fáil party politician, former TD and Senator
North Long Lake

At 6,000 acres (24 km²), North Long Lake is one of the larger lakes in the Brainerd Lakes Area of the U.S. state of Minnesota.

External links
MN DNR Lake Finder results for North Long Lake
CTV.ca - 'Black hole' in Minnesota lake baffles experts

Lakes of Crow Wing County, Minnesota
Lakes of Minnesota
Take-grant protection model

The take-grant protection model is a formal model used in the field of computer security to establish or disprove the safety of a given computer system that follows specific rules. It shows that even though the question of safety is in general undecidable, for specific systems it is decidable in linear time.

The model represents a system as directed graph, where vertices are either subjects or objects. The edges between them are labeled, and the label indicates  the rights that the source of the edge has over the destination. Two rights occur in every instance of the model: take and grant. They play a special role in the graph rewriting rules describing admissible changes of the graph.

There are a total of four such rules:
 take rule allows a subject to take rights of another object (add an edge originating at the subject)
 grant rule allows a subject to grant own rights to another object (add an edge terminating at the subject)
 create rule allows a subject to create new objects (add a vertex and an edge from the subject to the new vertex)
 remove rule allows a subject to remove rights it has over on another object (remove an edge originating at the subject)

Preconditions for :
 subject s has the right Take for o.
 object o has the right r on p.

Preconditions for :
 subject s has the right Grant for o.
 s has the right r on p.

Using the rules of the take-grant protection model, one can reproduce in which states a system can change, with respect to the distribution of rights. Therefore, one can show if rights can leak with respect to a given safety model.

References

External links 
 Diagram and sample problem
 Analysis
 Technical Report PCS-TR90-151 (NASA)

Computer security models
Falna

Falna is a town and a tehsil in Pali District in Indian state of Rajasthan.

Demographics 
 India census, Falna had a population of 24,864. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Falna has an average literacy rate of 66%. Male literacy is 75.6%, and female literacy is 55.7%. In Falna, 12.85% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Tourism

Swaran Jain temple 
Golden Jain temple is large Jain temple built in the 19th century. The temple has an impressive gold panted façade. The temple features three curvilinear shikhara, stone pillars with elaborate carvings and pyramidal mandapa.

References

Citations

Sources 
 

Cities and towns in Pali district
Kurt Wagner

Kurt Wagner may refer to:
Kurt Wagner (actor) (born 1953), German actor
Kurt Wagner (general) (1904–1989), German general and politician
Kurt Wagner (musician) (born 1958), American musician
Kurt Wagner (comics) or Nightcrawler, a Marvel comic book superhero
Magnetic boots

Magnetic boots are boots that are magnetic, which allows them to attach to the ferrous floor or hulls of a spacecraft during weightlessness, and presumably would allow someone to walk around the cabin of a spacecraft.

Use by astronauts
Magnetic boots have not yet been used in actual space flight. Astronauts on the International Space Station use foot straps to stand in place at workstations or on exercise equipment.

Use in science fiction
Although many science fiction works assume some type of artificial gravity or use rotation to "create" gravity, magnetic boots still feature for purposes of exterior repairs or in emergency situations.

Magnetic boots were notably used in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country to stage a surprise attack by disabling the artificial gravity on a ship and so providing a tactical advantage to attackers wearing them. The investigation of who had access to magnetic boots featured prominently in the plot. Other Star Trek depictions include Star Trek: First Contact where the crew battle cyborgs on the hull of the ship and Star Trek: Enterprise where they are used for hull repairs.

Such boots were featured in The Adventures of Tintin comic Explorers on the Moon, to prevent the characters from floating around in the cabin if the artificial gravity failed.

The Celestial Voyages historical science fiction series by Jeff Provine uses magnetic boots as the main sense of balance in its Edwardian starships.

In the Ratchet & Clank series, one of the gadgets is a pair of "Magneboots", which are used to traverse special ventilation shafts in the first installment of the series Ratchet & Clank. Though in Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando and later, the Magneboots were replaced with the Gravity Boots, allowing one to walk up special vents and surfaces, to jump and walk like normal, and also to use weapons and other gadgets.

In 2010: Odyssey Two, it is stated that Soviets view artificial gravity as a luxury, and as such their vessel the Alexi Leonov features very limited artificial gravity. The crew uses magnetic shoes to easily walk around the ship. Magnetic shoes are a running theme of the series and are used by crews of small Pan Am shuttles as well.

In the novel and television series The Expanse, characters frequently use magnetized boots to keep themselves upright when not using thrust acceleration to simulate gravity.

See also
 Artificial gravity

References

External links
 PBS' History Detectives, Space Boots, 2010

Boots
Magnetic devices
Apris

Apri () in Sanskrit means "conciliation, propitiation" and refers to special invocations spoken previous to the offering of oblations in an animal sacrifice. Some scholars have proposed however, that these hymns were originally meant for a family ritual centered around Agni, which was then later connected to the animal sacrifice.

Aprisuktas
Of the ten Aprisuktas mentioned in Gargya Narayana's commentary,  I.13 and I.142 both invoke  the  and  manifestations of Agni, I.188, III.4, IX.5 and X.110 invoke only the  manifestation and II.3, V.5, VII.2 and X.70 invoke only the  manifestation.

References

 in: Monier-Williams A Sanskrit Dictionary, 1899.
R. Fick, "Gotra" in: ed.  Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics vol. 6, 1999, p. 355
Samir Nath, "Gotra-system" in: Dictionary Of Vedanta, 2002, p. 153.

Rigveda
Rigvedic deities
Fire in Hindu worship
Gotras
Thomas Rodman Merritt

Thomas Rodman Merritt (October 17, 1824 – January 11, 1906) was a Canadian businessman and political figure in Upper Canada, later Ontario, Canada. He represented Lincoln in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1868 to 1874.

He was born in Mayville, New York in 1824, the son of William Hamilton Merritt. He studied at Upper Canada College and Grantham Academy in St. Catharines. In 1839, he was working at a store in St. Catharines. In 1843, he opened a general store there in partnership with James Rea Benson. The partners bought flour mills and had two ships built to transport flour. The partnership split up in 1849 and Merritt kept the mills and ships. In 1850, he set up a shipping line that transported goods to Brantford and returned to St. Catharines with wheat. In 1853, he married Mary Benson, the daughter of his former partner's brother Thomas Benson .

Merritt served on the St. Catharines town council from 1857 to 1859. He was elected in an 1868 by-election to represent Lincoln in the House of Commons and was reelected in 1872. In 1869, his mills and ships were sold to the firm of Norris and Neelon. Merritt served as vice-president of the Niagara District Bank and became vice-president of the Imperial Bank of Canada after the two banks merged. He was also president of several companies in the area, including the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company and the St Catharines Gas Light Company. He retired from politics in 1874. He helped found Bishop Ridley College at St. Catharines and served as president from 1888 to 1899. He died in St. Catharines in 1906.

His former home, Rodman Hall, now serves as an art gallery.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 

1824 births
1906 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
People from Mayville, New York
Merritt, Thomas Rodman