alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Halay

Halay is the national dance of Turkey and a regional category of folk dance styles in central, southern, eastern, and southeastern regions of the country. It is mainly performed by Turks and Kurds in Turkey. Halay and similar dances are parts of multiple ancient folk dance traditions and cultures throughout the Middle East and regions in proximity.

These dances are mostly found in weddings and generally accompanied by zurna and davul, but in the recent years, electronic instruments have started to replace them. Typically, Halay dancers form a circle or a line, while holding each other in many ways, such as finger to finger, shoulder to shoulder, or hand to hand. The last and the first player may hold a piece of cloth. It usually begins slow and speeds up.

Due to the restrictions concerning COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey Halay dance had been restricted in weddings. Because of the pandemic weddings were required people to hold sticks connecting each other, rather than their hands.

Etymology 
The linguistic origin of the term Halay is not fully known. There are multiple theories. The original etymology given in the Kubbealtı Dictionary is that the word is derived from the word "alay", which means "community, crowd". The word "alay" was transferred to Turkish from Persian. In Persian, it is taken from the Greek  aláyi(on) αλάγιον "independent cavalry unit in the Byzantine army (10th century)". The Greek word(aláyi) is taken from the Latin "alae". This word(alae) is the plural of the Latin "ala" 1st wing, 2nd the name given to the cavalry units in the Roman army. The Latin word was recorded at the 2nd century BC and refers to the cavalry units deployed to the right and left of the infantry unit in the centre. The Greek form first appears in the 959 compilation of laws by Constantine VIII Porphyrogennetos. The original meaning of the Turkish word is a cavalry unit in neat ranks, unlike the traditional Turkish raiding order.

It is also known as  or  in Kurdish, as  () in Syriac, as  in Azerbaijani, as šurǰpar () in Armenian, as Chaláï () in Greek, and as Halay in Turkish.

Examples of halay
Elazığ dik halay (danced by Turks and Kurds)
Akdağmadeni halay (danced by Turks and Greeks)
Tamzara (danced by Armenians and Turks)
Kochari (danced by Armenians, Kurds, and Turks)
Üç Ayak  (danced by Turks)
Kaba (danced by Turks)
Afshar (danced by Turks)
Halabi (danced by Turks, Kurds, and Arabs)
Dunnik (danced by Kurds)
Yallı (danced by Azerbaijanis)

See also
Dîlan (danced by Kurds)
Assyrian folk dance
Dabke (danced by Lebanese and Syrian peoples)
Attan (danced by Afghans)
Harkuşta (danced by Armenians)
Horon (danced by Pontic Greek, Laz, and Turkish peoples)
Faroese dance
Kolo (danced by Southern Slavs)
Ohuokhai

References

Circle dances
Middle Eastern dances
Turkish dances
Armenian dances
Dance
Azerbaijani dances
Greek dances
Iranian dances
Kurdish dance
Stefan Filipkiewicz

Stefan Filipkiewicz  (28 July 1879, Tarnów, Austria-Hungary–23 August 1944, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, Nazi Germany) was a Polish painter and designer, notable for his landscapes inspired by the Young Poland movement. He was a leading representative of the Polish art nouveau style of painting.

His landscapes of the Tatra Mountains and the region of Podhale were first exhibited in Kraków in 1899 at the Palace of Art run by the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Art. Between 1900 and 1908 Filipkiewicz studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków under Józef Mehoffer, Leon Wyczółkowski, Jan Stanisławski and Józef Pankiewicz.

In 1908, Filipkiewicz joined the Society of Polish Artists. He became the contributing artist to the legendary Zielony Balonik art-and-literary cabaret. In 1929, Filipkiewicz was awarded the Golden Medal of the Universal Exhibition in Poznań. Four years later, he was also awarded by the Polish Academy of Skills for his works. During the 1939 Invasion of Poland he fled to Hungary, where he became an active member of several underground organizations. Arrested by the Gestapo, he was sent to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp where he was murdered.

References 

Biography of Stefan Filipkiewicz at Culture.pl 

Polish landscape painters
19th-century Polish painters
19th-century Polish male artists
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish male artists
1879 births
1944 deaths
People who died in Mauthausen concentration camp
Art Nouveau painters
Polish civilians killed in World War II
Polish people murdered abroad
People from Tarnów
Polish people executed in Nazi concentration camps
Executed people from Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Polish male painters
Schenefeld

Schenefeld may refer to two municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany:

Schenefeld, Pinneberg
Schenefeld, Steinburg
Yivli Minaret Mosque

The Yivli Minaret Mosque (; lit. "Fluted Minaret" Mosque), also known as the Alaaddin Mosque () or simply Grand Mosque (), in Antalya is a historical mosque built by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Kay Qubadh I. It is part of a külliye (complex of structures) which includes the Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev Medrese, Seljuk and Dervish lodge, and the vaults of Zincirkıran and Nigar Hatun. The mosque is located in Kaleiçi (the old town centre) along Cumhuriyet Caddesi, next to Kalekapısı Meydanı. The mosque's fluted minaret called the Yivli Minare, which is decorated with dark blue tiles, is a landmark and symbol of the city.  In 2016 it was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.

History 
The mosque was first built in 1230 and fully reconstructed for the second time in 1373. The minaret is  high and free-standing, built on a square stone base, with eight fluted sections and has 90 steps to the top.

The first building (1230) was built around 1225-7, during the reign of the Seljuk sultan Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I (1220-1237). The original mosque was destroyed in the 14th century and a new mosque was built in 1373 by the Hamidids on the foundation of a Byzantine church. With its six domes, it is one of the oldest examples of multi-dome construction in Anatolia.

Today the building houses the Antalya Ethnographic Museum and contains clothing, kitchen utensils, embroidery, tapestries and looms, socks, sacks, kilims, ornaments, and nomadic tents. It was opened to the public in 1974.

See also
 List of Turkish Grand Mosques

Notes

References

163

External links

  
 Pictures of the mosque 
 

Buildings and structures in Antalya
Anatolian Beyliks architecture
Tourist attractions in Antalya
History of Antalya Province
Mosques in Antalya
14th-century mosques
Muratpaşa District
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1373
World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey
Mosques completed in 1230
Boulton, Derby

Boulton is a suburb and former local government ward of the city of Derby, England, and is located about four miles to the south-east of Derby city centre.  It is closely associated with Alvaston and comes under the "Alvaston" postal dependent locality and code sector (DE24 0), and the Alvaston South ward. Alvaston South is represented on Derby City Council by three councillors.

The land at Boulton is recorded as belonging to Ralph fitzHubert in 1086. It has an Anglican church dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, a Baptist church and a Grade II listed building called Nunsfield House.

History
Hundreds of years ago, most of the area consisted of fields and farmland area.

The Anglican Church

The Anglican church, more usually called Boulton St. Mary's, was built about the year 1150 by the Sacheverell family who were owners of the Manor of Boulton at that time. Following a long period of dispute the church became a chapel of ease in 1281 to St. Peter's in Derby, this being brought about by the ambitions of the all-powerful abbot of Darley Abbey. The church is now within the Diocese of Derby. The lychgate which forms the main entrance to the churchyard on Boulton Lane is a war memorial to those of the parish who gave their lives in the Great War of 1914 to 1919. The church has been altered and extended during its long history but still retains some of the original Norman fabric.

Nunsfield House

Nunsfield House, also on Boulton Lane, was built in 1828 by Mr Charles Holbrook and after subsequent owners and tenants it passed into the hands of Derbyshire County Council and later still (1996) to Derby City Council. The house is used for community purposes and in 1935 a community hall called the Jubilee Room was added. A small and cramped outbuilding was used as the local library for about 50 years and despite the difficult accommodation, the library was extremely popular. A modern library with computer terminals and Internet access is now available and located in the main Alvaston shopping centre.

Boulton Moor
Boulton Moor is an area of scrubland and agricultural fields on the edge of Boulton situated between Allenton, Chellaston, Thulston and Aston on Trent. A new housing estate has been built on Boulton Moor, which is now a distinct postal Dependent Locality.  Part of this area is outside the city boundary and is in the civil parish of Elvaston in South Derbyshire.

A Site of Special Scientific Interest known as Boulton Moor SSSI is situated in the agricultural land which borders the residential area of Boulton.

See also
Listed buildings in Boulton, Derby

References

External links

Areas of Derby
Wards of Derby
Schenefeld, Pinneberg

Schenefeld (Northern Low Saxon: Scheenfeld) is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated at the northwest border of Hamburg.

A 3.4 km tunnel between the town and the DESY research centre in Hamburg houses the European X-ray free-electron laser, with the research campus for the facility also located in Schenefeld.

Melanie Diener, a German operatic and concert soprano, was born in Schenefeld.

References

Towns in Schleswig-Holstein
Pinneberg (district)
José Castulo Zeledón

José Castulo Zeledón (March 24, 1846 – July 16, 1923) was a Costa Rican ornithologist.

He was the son of Don Manuel Zeledón, governor of the district of San José. José became interested in birds at an early age, and learned about ornithology from the German naturalist and physician Alexander von Frantzius, when he was employed at his pharmacy in San José. Zeledón started collecting birds locally, the specimens being sent to Jean Cabanis at the Berlin Museum.

In 1868 Frantzius returned to Germany. En route, he took Zeledón to Washington, where Zeledón met Spencer Fullerton Baird and became an assistant at the Smithsonian Institution. It was here that he began a lifelong friendship with Robert Ridgway. In 1872 Zeledón returned to Costa Rica as zoologist on an expedition led by William More Gabb. During this expedition Zeledón made the first collection of birds in Talamanca.

Zeledón took over the pharmacy set up by Frantzius, and  this eventually made him a wealthy man. He continued to collect birds when time allowed, donating his collection to the Costa Rican National Museum when it was founded, mainly due to his own efforts. This collection was Zeledón's main contribution to ornithology, as it contained many new species, although these were often described by others. He was also able to assist other ornithologists who visited Costa Rica during his lifetime.

Zeledón is commemorated in the scientific names of a number of birds, including the wrenthrush, Zeledonia coronata and the white-fronted tyrannulet, Phyllomyias zeledoni. Also, a species of snake, Geophis zeledoni, is named in his honor.

Source

References

Zeledon
Zeledon
Zeledon
Bairstow

Bairstow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Sports people
 Andrew Bairstow (born 1975), English cricketer, son of David Bairstow
 Angela Bairstow (1942–2016), English international badminton player
 Arthur Bairstow (1868–1945), English cricketer
 Billy Bairstow (fl. 1890s), English footballer
 Cameron Bairstow (born 1990), Australian basketball player
 David Bairstow (1951–1998), English cricketer
 David Bairstow (filmmaker) (1921–1985), Canadian producer and director
 Ernest C. Bairstow (1876–1962), Anglo-American architectural sculptor
 Jarred Bairstow (born 1992), Australian professional basketball player
 Jonny Bairstow (born 1989), English cricketer, son of David Bairstow
 Mark Bairstow (born 1963), Australian rules footballer
 Myra Bairstow, American writer and independent art scholar and curator
 Pamela Bairstow (born 1954), British swimmer
 Stephanie Bairstow (born 1994), Australian professional basketball player

Other
 Caitlyn Bairstow, Canadian voice actress
 Sir Edward Bairstow (1874–1946), English organist and composer
 Jack E. Bairstow (1902–1963), American politician
 Leonard Bairstow (1880–1963), English academic, originator of Bairstow's method for finding the roots of polynomials
 Scott Bairstow (born 1970), Canadian actor

See also
 Bairstow v Queens Moat Houses plc, 2001 UK lawsuit
 Bairstow Eves, British estate agency
 Bairstow's method, method for finding roots of a polynomial
ANV

ANV can refer to:

 Acción Nacionalista Vasca (a historical Basque nationalist party)
 anticipatory nausea and vomiting, a common consequence of cancer treatment (see: Cancer and nausea#Anticipatory)
 Army of Northern Virginia
 Anvik Airport in Anvik, Alaska (IATA Code: ANV)
Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan

Khanpur () is a city and capital of Khanpur Tehsil of the Rahim Yar Khan District, Bahawalpur Division, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. 

It is the 45th-largest city of Pakistan by population, according to the 2017 census.

Climate
Khanpur has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is low, but some rain does fall in the monsoon season from July to September.

See also 
 Sipra
 Gujjar
 Punjabi people
 Liaquat Pur
 Firoza
 Rahim yar Khan
 Bahawalpur
 Bahawalpur (princely state)
 Rajput

References 

Populated places in Rahim Yar Khan District
Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan
Rahim Yar Khan District
Kent-Erik Andersson

Kent-Erik Andersson (born 24 May 1951) is a former Swedish professional ice hockey right winger who played seven seasons in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars and New York Rangers.

Playing career
Andersson played seven seasons in the NHL, five with the Minnesota North Stars and two with the New York Rangers. In his native Sweden he played for Färjestads BK, and in his last game with them won the Swedish Championship in 1986. After that season, he was forced to retire due to an eye injury. He also played for the Swedish National team and in 1977 he got a silver medal at the World Championship.

Awards and achievements
1977 silver medalist - World Championships

Records

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

International play
Team Sweden - 1981 Canada Cup

References

External links
 

1951 births
Living people
Färjestad BK players
Minnesota North Stars players
New York Rangers players
Ice hockey people from Örebro
Swedish ice hockey right wingers
Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Whatever (Green Velvet album)

Whatever is the second studio album by Green Velvet. It was originally released on Relief Records in 2001.

Critical reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 80, based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the original CD edition's liner notes.

 Green Velvet – vocals, performance, production, artwork, design
 Curan Stone – additional background vocals (2, 9)
 Walter Phillips – additional background vocals (2, 10)
 Hugo Moya – additional background vocals (10)
 Christopher Nazuka – additional background vocals (10)
 Larry Sturm – engineering
 Vandy Christie – engineering
 Bryon Rickerson – engineering assistance
 Chris Morales – engineering assistance
 Lane Wintz – engineering assistance
 Collin Jordan – mastering
 Brendan J. Gleeson – artwork, design
 Rob Pivato – photography
 Karen Chesley – photography
 Michael Voltattorni – photography

Charts

References

External links
 

2001 albums
Green Velvet albums
Appen

Appen is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 3 km west of Pinneberg, and 20 km northwest of Hamburg.

It is twinned with the village of Polegate, near Eastbourne in East Sussex, England.

The municipality is known for its annual Appen musiziert benefit concerts.

References

Pinneberg (district)
Pandulf V of Capua

Pandulf V was the count of Teano and prince of Capua (1022–1026). That he was related to the ruling dynasty of Capua seems likely, but is uncertain.  He was installed at Capua by Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne, who besieged Capua and deposed the current prince, Pandulf IV was imprisoned in Germany. The Emperor Henry II officially granted the principality to Pandulf V in 1023 and associated his son John with him as co-prince.

In 1024, at the behest of Guaimar III of Salerno, Emperor Conrad II released Pandulf IV. Guaimar and Pandulf promptly besieged Capua with the help of the Norman mercenary Rainulf Drengott. In 1025, the Byzantine catapan Basil Boioannes, who had been busy on a Sicilian expedition, joined them with a giant force. In 1026, after an 18-month siege, Boioannes negotiated Pandulf V's surrender and granted him and his son John safe conduct to Naples.

In 1027, Pandulf IV, now reinstated, besieged Sergius IV of Naples, who had offered haven to Pandulf of Teano. The city fell and Sergius went into hiding. Pandulf and his son fled to either Rome or "Romania", where he died some years later. John was dead by 1052, when his younger brother Pandulf appears as the "firstborn" among his brothers.

References
Gwatkin, H.M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) et al. The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge University Press, 1926.
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longmans: London, 1967.

11th-century Lombard people
Lombard warriors
Pandulf 5
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Joe Faragalli

Joe Faragalli (April 18, 1929 – April 10, 2006) was a gridiron football player and coach who had most of his success in the Canadian Football League (CFL).  Faragalli played guard at Villanova University from 1950 to 1953, and was the team captain all four years. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 12th round (138th overall pick) of the 1954 NFL Draft. He served four years in Germany with the United States Army and went on to coach college football in the United States.

Coaching career
Known affectionately throughout the CFL as "Papa Joe," Faragalli joined the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1967 as an offensive coach. In 1981, he became head coach of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and was awarded the Annis Stukus Trophy as Coach of the Year; the team, 2–14 in each of the preceding two seasons, finished with a 9–7 record in 1981 (despite this, the team narrowly missed the playoffs). Faragalli was replaced by Reuben Berry in 1983 after Saskatchewan got off to a 1–5 start to the season.

Faragalli's greatest CFL coaching achievement, in 1987, almost never happened. He began that year as coach of the Montreal Alouettes, but the franchise ceased operations days before the start of the season. After Jackie Parker resigned as Edmonton Eskimos coach two games into the year due to health reasons, Faragalli was hired and led the team to a Grey Cup win against the Toronto Argonauts. 

The Eskimos played in the 1990 Grey Cup game under Faragalli, but lost to Winnipeg. He coached the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1991. After departing from the Eskimos in 1990, he served as the offensive co-ordinator for the World League of American Football's Montreal Machine in 1991 and 1992, in between that one season in Ottawa.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, he worked as an assistant coach with the Cincinnati Bengals, Houston Oilers, Buffalo Bills and the WLAF's Montreal Machine. His son Mike also coached in the CFL.

Faragalli died in Narragansett, Rhode Island on April 10, 2006, of heart failure eight days before his 77th birthday and approximately one month before his 50th wedding anniversary.

Head coaching record

CFL

References

1929 births
2006 deaths
Brown Bears football coaches
Buffalo Bills coaches
Cincinnati Bengals coaches
Edmonton Elks coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
Marshall Thundering Herd football coaches
Montreal Alouettes coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches
Ottawa Rough Riders coaches
Saskatchewan Roughriders coaches
Villanova Wildcats football players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers coaches
NFL Europe (WLAF) coaches
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Players of American football from Philadelphia
United States Army soldiers
Primary cyclic group

In mathematics, a primary cyclic group is a group that is both a cyclic group and a p-primary group for some prime number p.
That is, it is a cyclic group of order p, C, for some prime number p, and natural number m.

Every finite abelian group G may be written as a finite direct sum of primary cyclic groups, as stated in the fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups:

This expression is essentially unique: there is a bijection between the sets of groups in two such expressions, which maps each group to one that is isomorphic.

Primary cyclic groups are characterised among finitely generated abelian groups as the torsion groups that cannot be expressed as a direct sum of two non-trivial groups. As such they, along with the group of integers, form the building blocks of finitely generated abelian groups. 

The subgroups of a primary cyclic group are linearly ordered by inclusion. The only other groups that have this property are the quasicyclic groups.

Finite groups
Abelian group theory
People's Socialist Revolutionary Party

People's Socialist Revolutionary Party (; HASI) was a non-legal Basque political party, considered commonly to be the political branch of ETA. It always ran as part of the coalition of the Basque National Liberation Movement, Herri Batasuna, until its self-dissolution in the 1990s. The party's acronym "HASI" means "to begin" in Basque language.

References

Casanova, Iker; Asensio, Paul (2006). Argala. Tafalla (Navarra): Editorial Txalaparta. p. 376. .

Defunct communist parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Basque nationalism
1979 establishments in Spain
Political parties established in 1979
Communist parties in Spain
Banned political parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Rellingen

Rellingen is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 7 km east of Pinneberg, and 10 km northwest of Hamburg. Population as of December 31, 2007 is 13,746. The total land is 13.19 km².

Rellingen was formerly part of the Duchy of Holstein, a subject of the Danish Crown.

Transportation

Rellingen can be reached from Bundesautobahn 23. The Hamburg S-Bahn (line 3) and bus system (lines 185, 195, 295 and 395) are also connected to Rellingen.

Architecture

Rellingen is famous for its Lutheran church. The architect was Cai Dose.  The previous church building was damaged badly during the Thirty Years War.  It was rebuilt between 1754 and 1756 and was extended.  The church has an octagonal shape and has a church tower which is leaning to one side.

Economy
The municipality of Pinneberg including Rellingen is famous for its tree nurseries. Other industries are manufacturing of electronic musical instruments (Yamaha), food and beverages and tourism.

Nature
The Krupunder Lake (Krupunder See) is located in Rellingen.  The lake was a swimming complex in the past.  Until 1962 people were allowed to swim in the lake.  The lake had a beach, changing rooms and some fast food outlets.  The rivers Mühlenau and Pinnau flow through Rellingen.

Notable residents
Friedrich Ludwig Schröder, actor
Abel Seyler, theatre director, interred in Rellingen

References

External links

 http://www.rellingen.de

Pinneberg (district)
Tornesch

Tornesch is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately  southeast of Elmshorn, and  northwest of Hamburg.  Tornesch is also the home of the Klaus-Groth-Schule, named after the German poet Klaus Groth.  It is also home to the Fritz-Reuter-Schule, named after German writer Fritz Reuter.

History
Tornesch has a place in biochemical history from the wood saccharification process developed by Scholler, also known at the Scholler-Tornesch process.  The first factory to use the process was built in Tornesch.  This early work was part of the development of biofuel such as cellulosic ethanol.

References

External links
Fritz-Reuter-Schule
Klaus-Groth-Schule homepage
Tornesch Cultural Center

Towns in Schleswig-Holstein
Pinneberg (district)
Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 2nd Baronet

Sir Henry Spencer Moreton Havelock-Allan, 2nd Baronet DL (30 January 1872 – 28 October 1953) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Havelock-Allan was born at Blackwell Grange, the eldest son of Sir Henry Havelock-Allan. In 1897, he inherited his father's baronetcy. On 7 April 1905, he was made a Deputy Lieutenant for Durham.

At the January 1910 general election, he became Member of Parliament (MP) for Bishop Auckland, and was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Edwin Samuel Montagu, in the latter's role as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1911 to 1914 and Under-Secretary of State for India in 1913. Whilst still an MP, Havelock-Allan joined the 17th Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers and fought in France in the First World War, where he was wounded in 1916.  He did not stand for Parliament again at the 1918 general election.

Havelock-Allan married three times but had no children. One of his wives were Edith Mary Sowebry, daughter of Thomas Charles Johnson Sowerby and sister-in-law of Lady Mabel Annesley. On his death in 1953, his baronetcy passed to his nephew, Henry.

References

External links 
 

Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
1872 births
1953 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Deputy Lieutenants of Durham
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Lancashire Fusiliers officers
Walk in Love

Walk in Love is the third studio album by Green Velvet. It was released on Relief Records in 2005.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the CD edition's liner notes.

 Green Velvet – vocals, production

References

External links
 

2005 albums
Green Velvet albums
Mini Transat 6.50

Mini Transat 6.50 also known by a number of alternatives Mini, Class Mini, Transat 650  is a development measurement controlled offshore sailing primarily used for racing in the Mini Transat Race hence the name.

Background

History
The Classe Mini conceiver around the Mini Transat race is run bi-annually and first took place in 1977. The race is a solo transatlantic yacht race. The class rules focus on this event and encourage development while controlling both costs and design and fitout safety requirements. The size of the boat allows for more experimentation in design without the costs of larger classses.

Class Association
The class association is an owner led organization that administers the rules and co-ordinates a series of single and double handed events for the class. In response to the perceived challenge of sailing small high-performance boats the class has created rigorous trials, equipment, and inspection requirements to add promote safety. The mini Transat class is largely French in its makeup but the class has tried to encourage international entries.

Development

Mini Transat Race Design Influence
Due to the downwind nature of the racing across the Atlantic Ocean designs tend to be beamy, being nearly half as wide as it is long. The wide flat stern is designed to promote planing similar to a surfboard. As a consequence of the wide beam twin rudders are pretty much standard so that one rudder remains in the water when heeled.

Canting Keels
The class led the way with canting keels – due to their small size there is a design requirement for them to be self-righting when capsized.

Scow Hull Form
The constraint of the box rule led to the introduction of the Scow hull form when David Raison's Mini used the hull shape to win 2011 victory, which may in fact, revolutionize open ocean racing if not sailing altogether. This design trend has now influenced the design of both the Class40 and IMOCA 60 class.

Foiling
The Magnum began an even more radical 'semi-flying' scow that uses a host of design tricks, including wings/foils and a telescopic canting keel, a retractable bowsprit and an Asymmetrical spinnaker, has been designed in France. This has led on to the launch of a fully foiling boats with a production foiling mini transat from pogo being launched in 2020.

Division
There are two divisions:

Prototype
The prototype division is more liberal with respect to dimensions, such as keel depth and mast height, and it allows for advanced technology such as "canting" keels and carbon-fibre masts. The prototype class is approximately 7% faster.

Series (Production)
Production boats use approved designs and comparatively conservative materials.

References

Development sailing classes
Keelboats
Sturgeon (disambiguation)

Sturgeon is a species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae.

Sturgeon may also refer to:

Places

Canada
Sturgeon (provincial electoral district), a former electoral district in Alberta
Sturgeon County, a municipal district in Alberta
Fort Sturgeon, an 18th-century trading post in what is now Saskatchewan

United States
Sturgeon, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
Sturgeon, Minnesota, an unincorporated community
Sturgeon Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Sturgeon, Missouri, a city
Sturgeon, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place
Sturgeons Bar, a bar in the Detroit River
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Sturgeon Creek (Michigan)
Sturgeon Pool, a reservoir in New York state

Canada and the United States
Sturgeon Lake (disambiguation)
Sturgeon River (disambiguation)

Military

Sturgeon-class destroyer, a Royal Navy class from 1894 to 1911

Sturgeon-class submarine, a US Navy class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines
Short Sturgeon, a British aircraft originally designed as a Second World War reconnaissance bomber
Short S.6 Sturgeon, a British prototype naval reconnaissance biplane 
Sturgeon, codename of messages encoded with the German World War II Siemens and Halske T52 teleprinter cypher machine

Other uses
Sturgeon (surname), a list of people with the name
Fujian Sturgeons, a Chinese Basketball Association team
Sturgeon Community Hospital, just north of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Sturgeon House, a house in Fairview, Pennsylvania
Sturgeons House, a Georgian house in Essex, England
Sturgeon Moon, one of the names for a full moon in August

See also
Sturgeonism
Sturgeon's law, an adage
Spurgeon (disambiguation)
Separate

Separate or separates may refer to:

Arts and entertainment 
Separate (song), 2016, by Amanda Black
Separates (album), 1978, by 999
Separate Tables, a 1954 play by Terence Rattigan

Religion 
Separate Baptists, an 18th-century American Christian movement
Separate Baptists in Christ, a subdenomination and faith organization (founded 1776)

Other uses 
Separates (clothing), mix-and-match sets of garments 
Soil separates, the three mineral particles: sand, silt, and clay

See also 
Separation (disambiguation)
Range Creek (Texas)

See also Range Creek in Utah
Range Creek is a tributary of the Elm Fork of the Trinity River in Texas. It rises just a few miles from the Red River in Grayson County. It reaches its mouth at Lake Ray Roberts, a reservoir formed by a dam on the Elm Fork.

See also
List of rivers of Texas

External links
 
Lake Ray Roberts

Rivers of Texas
Bodies of water of Grayson County, Texas
Witold Dzierżykraj-Morawski

Witold Józef Dzierżykraj-Morawski (1895–1944) was a Polish military commander, diplomat and a Colonel of the Polish Army.

Witold Dzierżykraj-Morawski was born in 1895 in his family's manor in Oporowo near Krzemieniewo, Province of Posen, German Empire. At the age of 15 he inherited the manor and the surrounding village. As a German citizen, after the outbreak of the Great War he was drafted into the Imperial German army. Promoted to officer's grade, in December 1918 he joined the newly reborn Polish Army. A field commander during the Greater Poland Uprising, during the Polish-Bolshevik War he became the chief of staff of the Polish 7th Cavalry Brigade.

Between 1923 and 1926 he served as the military attaché in the Polish embassy in Bucharest. Upon his return he briefly served as one of the commanding officers of the Prużana-based Polish 17th Uhlans Regiment. In 1928 he resumed his post as a military attaché, this time in Berlin. He held that post until 1932. Until 1937 he was the commanding officer of the Polish 25th Uhlans Regiment and one of the staff officers of the Lwów-based Army Inspectorate. During the Polish mobilization prior to the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War he became the chief of staff of the Karpaty Army. During the campaign he also held the same rank within the Małopolska Army.

Taken prisoner of war by the Germans, he spent the remainder of World War II in various German POW camps, including Oflag VII-C in Laufen, Oflag XI-B in Brunswick, Oflag II-C in Woldenberg and Oflag II-B in Arnswalde. Transferred to the Oflag II-D in Gross-Born, he was the highest-ranking officer there and the informal commander of all the allied prisoners held there. He also became the lead organizer of an underground organization there, intending to prepare an escape of the prisoners. Handed over to the Gestapo, he was imprisoned in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where he died.

In 1964 he was posthumously promoted to the rank of generał brygady.

References

External links 
www.rawelin.com/oficerowie.htm 

1895 births
1944 deaths
People from Kutno County
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) participants
German Army personnel of World War I
People from the Province of Posen
Polish military personnel killed in World War II
Polish generals
Polish people of World War I
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Polish prisoners of war
People who died in Mauthausen concentration camp
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Military personnel who died in Nazi concentration camps
Polish military attachés
Prisoners of Oflag II-C
Image Space Incorporated

Image Space Incorporated (ISIS) is an American independent video game developer based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, specializing in the fields of video game development, man-in-the-loop simulator architectures, computer image generation, and entertainment systems integration.
ISI was originally founded by Kurt Kleinsorge who added partners Joseph Campana and Gjon Camaj. ISI began with the development of vehicle simulators used for military training. They have worked on many different types of software, but focused most of their development time over the years on racing games and simulators.
ISI also developed the ISImotor game engine, which is used for creating many racing games like GT Legends, GTR 2, ARCA Sim Racing '08, Race 07, Simulador Turismo Carretera and others. ISI has not released games for any console; Shadowgate Rising was in development, but ultimately cancelled. Sports Car GT for the PlayStation was made by another company Point of View and all the original EA Formula 1 games for consoles up until 2002 were made by Visual Science.

Games developed

References

External links
Image Space Incorporated
Image Space profile on MobyGames

Video game companies of the United States
Companies based in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Video game development companies
Image Space Incorporated games
Morden Research Station

Morden Research Station is an arboretum in Morden, Manitoba. In 1924, the arboretum was started by W.R. Leslie, adding to the Agriculture Canada Research Station established in 1915. Since then, the agriculture station has introduced dozens of new fruit, vegetable, field and ornamental crops. In 1989, a 5,100 sq. metre office and laboratory complex was opened. That year, the arboretum donated its old barn to Pembina Thresherman's Museum, and the barn was moved to the new location in 1990. The arboretum and its landscaped grounds and picnic facilities are open to the public daily during the summer months from May until September.

See also
List of botanical gardens in Canada

References

Arboreta in Canada
Morden, Manitoba
Parks in Manitoba
Bořek Šípek

Bořek Šípek (14 June 1949 – 13 February 2016) was a Czech architect and designer.

Biography
Born in Prague, he was renowned for his individual, unusual, colorful, and rich style. He experimented with unexpected and often opulent shapes.

Šípek is said to be the father of "neo-baroque". His architectural works and other designs are known worldwide, and his firm retains offices in Amsterdam, Prague, and Shanghai.

He was the architect of Prague Castle under the presidency of Václav Havel, and the designer of Havel's Place.

Šípek was a knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

He had three sons, one of them with Leona Machálková.

Šípek died in 2016 at the age of 66 from cancer.

References

External links 
 
 
 

1949 births
2016 deaths
Czech architects
Czech designers
Furniture designers
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Architects from Prague
Yitzhak Hofi

Yitzhak Hofi (‎; 25 January 1927 – 15 September 2014) was a member of the Palmach, IDF General, chief of the Northern Command (Israel), and director of the Mossad.

Life
Hofi was born in Tel Aviv. He joined the Haganah in 1944 and commanded a company in the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. He continued to serve in the Israeli Defense Forces in a variety of command, staff and training posts. He headed the Northern Command of the IDF during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. He was Acting Chief of Staff for a brief period in 1974, before retiring from the military and taking the post of director of Mossad. Before that he was a general in the Israeli Defense Forces in charge of the Northern Command.

In July 1976, Hofi lobbied strongly for a rescue mission to be mounted to save the large number of Israeli passengers on a hijacked Air France airliner flown to Entebbe International Airport in Uganda. In order to facilitate the resulting Operation Entebbe, Hofi directed Mossad katsas to survey the airport, and used contacts in Kenyan intelligence to allow the refueling of Israeli planes in Nairobi on the return journey.

During his tenure as Director of the Mossad, Israel carried out Operation Opera, a surprise Israeli attack on Iraq's nuclear reactor in Osirak. In addition, the Mossad under his command assassinated a number of Palestinian terrorists, including Ali Hassan Salameh, chief of operations for the Black September Organization.

After retiring from the Mossad in 1982, Hofi served as director of the Israel Electric Corporation until 1990.

He died on 15 September 2014.

References

Further reading
Black, Ian. Morris, Benny. Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services. New York: Grove Press, 1991. , 322 p.
Central Intelligence Agency. "Israel. Foreign Intelligence and Security Services, 1979". Included in the volume "Documents from the US Espionage Den", Tehran, 1982.

Directors of the Mossad
Israeli generals
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
1927 births
Israeli people of the Yom Kippur War
Military personnel from Tel Aviv
2014 deaths
Israeli people of the Six-Day War
Testwood Lakes

Testwood Lakes is a  nature reserve on the northwest edge of Southampton in Hampshire, England. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust. The three lakes, which are owned by Southern Water and provide water for Hampshire, are called Little Testwood Lake, Testwood Lake and Meadow Lake. There is a visitor centre at the site.

Scouts
The lake was opened for boating activities managed by Eling Sea Scouts in late summer 2005; the current boating licence runs between 1 March to 31 October. The lake is available for hire to scout troops and other recognised youth groups.

The 4th New Forest North (Eling) Sea Scout group has built a headquarters building at Testwood Lakes which is their base for watersport activities.

Events and activities
The Testwood Lakes Centre is open to the public most week days and weekends in the summer and at various times during the week. Guided walks, events and activities take place throughout the year. The Centre, which has a permanent exhibition featuring themes of water, wildlife and conservation, is open to schools, community groups and individuals, with facilities such as a well-equipped classroom for up to 60 children and two function rooms available for hire.

There is coarse fishing on Little Testwood Lake by permit from the TVAC&SPS Angling club. The lake is 30 feet deep in the middle and contains large bream, tench, pike, perch, roach, chub and eels.

Wildfowl
The Lakes are attracting increasing numbers of wildfowl during the winter, including mallard, Eurasian teal, northern shoveller, tufted duck, common pochard, gadwall and Eurasian wigeon. Eurasian oystercatcher have already bred and it is hoped that northern lapwing and common redshank will too.

Flora
The ground flora of Alder Gully is very rich including lesser spearwort, bluebell, yellow pimpernel, moschatel, red campion and foxglove.

References

Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust
Drinking water reservoirs in England
Reservoirs in Hampshire
Tourist attractions in Hampshire
José Nunes

José Carlos de Araújo Nunes (born 7 March 1977) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central defender.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 129 games and two goals over five seasons, representing Salgueiros, Gil Vicente and Braga. He spent most of his professional career, however, with Mallorca in Spain, signing in 2006 and appearing in 258 official matches in eight La Liga campaigns.

Club career
Born in Castelo de Paiva, Aveiro District, Nunes began his professional career with modest clubs in the second and third divisions. He made his Primeira Liga debut in the 2001–02 season, with soon-to-be-extinct S.C. Salgueiros.

After two solid seasons with Gil Vicente FC, Nunes signed with fellow top-flight side S.C. Braga in July 2004, moving in January 2006 to Spain's La Liga with RCD Mallorca. He made his debut for his new team on the 29th, starting in a 0–3 home loss to FC Barcelona and adding four league goals in his first full campaign in the Balearic Islands.

An undisputed starter from his arrival – he was also awarded captaincy early on– Nunes continued to figure prominently in 2009–10 as Mallorca won their first ten home league games of the season, with the player scoring twice, although one of those came in the 4–2 defeat at Barcelona. Eventually, he netted four times in 34 matches, and the club achieved a fifth place in the table (fourth until the last minute of the last round).

Nunes suffered a serious knee injury in a friendly with S.S.C. Napoli in mid-August 2011, initially being sidelined for seven months but recovering in less than four. He still contributed two goals in 14 appearances during the campaign, to help Mallorca to finish eighth.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
People from Castelo de Paiva
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Aveiro District
Men's association football defenders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
A.D. Ovarense players
F.C. Maia players
S.C. Salgueiros players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
S.C. Braga players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
RCD Mallorca players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Kirovske Raion

Kirovske Raion (), known by Ukrainian authorities as the İslâm Terek Raion (, ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea, currently subject to a territorial dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The raion's administrative centre is the urban-type settlement of Kirovske. Population: 

The raion is located in eastern Crimea. The geography of the raion is divided between the foothills in the south, while the north forms part of the Crimean steppe. The main waterway of the northern peninsula, the North Crimean Canal supplying water from the Dnieper river, passes through the raion.

The raion is famous for the historical town of Stary Krym.

Notes

References

Raions of Crimea
Anastasio Alfaro

Anastasio Alfaro (February 16, 1865 – January 20, 1951) was a Costa Rican zoologist, geologist and explorer.

Alfaro was director of the National Museum of Costa Rica, and whilst holding this position arranged the Costa Rican display at the Historical American Exposition in Madrid. Limon worm salamander Oedipina alfaroi is named after him.

References

External links
 Biography (in Spanish)

1865 births
1951 deaths
19th-century zoologists
Costa Rican biologists
Costa Rican geologists
Costa Rican explorers
20th-century zoologists
Elysium Mons

Elysium Mons  is a volcano on Mars located in the volcanic province Elysium, at , in the Martian eastern hemisphere. It stands about  above its base, and about  above the Martian datum, making it the third tallest Martian mountain in terms of relief and the fourth highest in elevation. Its diameter is about , with a summit caldera about  across. It is flanked by the smaller volcanoes Hecates Tholus to the northeast, and Albor Tholus to the southeast.

Discovery
Elysium Mons was discovered in 1972 in images returned by the Mariner 9 orbiter.

Terrestrial analog
The terrestrial volcano Emi Koussi (in Chad) has been studied as an analog of Elysium Mons. The two shield volcanoes have summit calderas of similar size, but Elysium Mons is 3.5 times larger in diameter and 6 times higher than its counterpart on Earth.

Possible source of nakhlites
A 6.5 km diameter crater at 29.674 N, 130.799 E, in the volcanic plains to the northwest of Elysium Mons has been identified as a possible source for the nakhlite meteorites, a family of similar basaltic Martian meteorites with cosmogenic ages of about 10.7 Ma, suggesting ejection from Mars by a single impact event. The dates of the igneous rocks of the nakhlites range from 1416 ± 7 Ma to 1322 ± 10 Ma. These dates plus the crater dimensions suggest a growth rate of the source volcano during that interval of 0.4–0.7 m per Ma, far slower than would be expected for a terrestrial volcano. This implies that Martian volcanism had slowed greatly by that point in history.

Gallery

Interactive Mars map

See also
Geography of Mars
List of mountains on Mars by height
List of tallest mountains in the Solar System

References

External links

 Google Mars - zoomable map centered on Elysium Mons
 "Elysium Mons Volcano" - NASA images of Elysium Mons, from Malin Space Science Systems

Volcanoes of Mars
Mountains on Mars
Elysium quadrangle
Kirby wire

A Kirby wire is a pendulum-based flying system used by stage performers. The system was invented by George Kirby in 1898, and utilizes a quick-release mechanism for safety. The Kirby family made other innovations in theatrical flight including the somersault wire and a system that allowed an actor to be flown to the stage above the audience.

References

Circus equipment
Special effects
Stagecraft