alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Steel Crown of Romania

The Steel Crown of King Carol I of the Romanians was forged at the Army Arsenal (Arsenalul Armatei) in Bucharest from the steel of a cannon captured by the Romanian Army from the Ottomans during its War of Independence. 

Carol I chose steel, and not gold, to symbolize the bravery of the Romanian soldiers. He received it during the ceremonies of his coronation and of the proclamation of Romania as a kingdom in 1881. It is the same Crown used in 1922 at the coronation of King Ferdinand I and Queen Maria as sovereigns of Romania, which took place in Alba-Iulia. The Crown was used also during the coronation and anointing as King of Michael I by the Orthodox Patriarch of Romania, Nicodim Munteanu, in the Patriarchal Cathedral of Bucharest, on the very day of his second accession, September 6, 1940. 

The coat of arms of Romania was augmented on 11 July 2016 to add a representation of the Steel Crown.

A copy of the crown was placed on the coffin of the last king of Romania, Michael I, during his funeral in December 2017.

Image gallery

References

External links
National History Museum of Romania
Presentation of the crown

Individual crowns
Regalia of Romania
National symbols of Romania
Hesperocallis

Hesperocallis is a genus of flowering plants that includes a single species, Hesperocallis undulata, known as the desert lily or ajo lily.

It is found in the desert areas of southwestern North America, in Northwestern Mexico, California, and Arizona.  The plant grows in Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert habitats.

Taxonomy
In the APG III system, adopted here, Hesperocallis is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, since recent molecular systematic studies (Pires et al. 2004) have confirmed a close relationship with Agave. Other classifications have included the species in its own family, Hemerocallidaceae, or placed it in the Hostaceae (Funkiaceae); both families are submerged into the Agavoideae in the APG III system. As with many of the 'lilioid monocots', prior to the use of molecular evidence in classification, it was placed in the Liliaceae.

Uses
The bulbs of the desert lily are eaten by native peoples.

References

Pires, J. C., I. J. Maureira, J. P. Rebman, G. A. Salazar, L. I. Cabrera, M. F. Fay, and M. W. Chase. 2004. Molecular data confirm the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Hesperocallis (Hesperocallidaceae) with Agave. Madroño 51: 307–311.
 NCBI Taxonomy Browser

External links
 CalFlora Database: Hesperocallis undulata
 genus and USDA Plants Profile of Hesperocallis undulata
 Hesperocallis in the Flora of North America (treated as a member of the family Liliaceae); Distribution Map
 Hesperocallis undulata pictures
BLM Desert Lily Preserve photo album
 links at CSDL, Texas

Agavoideae
Monotypic Asparagaceae genera
North American desert flora
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Plants used in Native American cuisine
Asparagaceae genera
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Aphyllanthes

Aphyllanthes is a genus of flowering plants  with only one species, Aphyllanthes  monspeliensis, endemic to the western Mediterranean region. It is the only genus in the Aphyllanthoideae, a subfamily of the family Asparagaceae. Aphyllanthoideae was formerly treated as a separate family, Aphyllanthaceae.

Aphyllanthes are popular rock garden plants due to their preferred habitat. Because they originate from the Mediterranean, they are adapted to hot and dry conditions. Additionally, their large and bright flowers are an attractive trait which has resulted in the increased cultivation of this species for market.

References

External links
 NCBI Taxonomy Browser
 links at CSDL, Texas

 
Monotypic Asparagaceae genera
Johnston Road

Johnston Road () is a major road in Wan Chai on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong.

Location
Johnston Road spans from the junction with Heard Street, Hennessy Road and Stewart Road on its east, towards another junction with Hennessy Road and Queensway on its west near , in where it is known locally as . It is shaped like a bow with the string being Hennessy Road and the Caltex petrol station, where the Wallace Harper & Co Ltd was located, the Southorn Playground and the  in between.

History
The road was named after Alexander Robert Johnston, the British Deputy Superintendent of Trade during the First Opium War. He was the government administrator even before Sir Henry Pottinger was appointed the first Hong Kong governor in 1842. The story that the street was named after Sir Reginald Johnston was actually a myth.

The road is built on the margin of the oldest building cluster in Wan Chai. Many Hong Kong residents are trying to preserve the old buildings and trees from redevelopment. The century-old transport Hong Kong Tramways goes through the road with its first service opening in 1904.

Although the road was named in 1920s, part of the road can be traced back to 1851 or earlier when the area was known as Praya East. The section from Spring Garden Lane to Wan Chai Road was known as Strand Road, for its proximity to the waterfront.

Intersections

In popular culture

This road and its junction with Wan Chai Road was a Pit Stop in the eleventh leg of the reality TV show The Amazing Race 30.

Transport
The faster transport MTR is located near the road with some exits of Wan Chai station nearby.

See also
 List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
 Queen's Road East, for a list of lanes connecting Johnston Road and Queen's Road East
 May Wah Building, located at Nos. 164-176 Johnston Road

References

External links

Google Maps of Johnston Road

Hong Kong Tramways
Roads on Hong Kong Island
Wan Chai
Richard Graff

Richard Hartshorne Graff (1937–1998) was a Californian winemaker.

Early life
Born on January 20, 1937, Graff grew up in the San Francisco suburb of Danville. His first passion was music, culminating in a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard. While at Harvard he restored an entire theater organ in a local Boston movie theater. After attending Navy OCS, he served on the USS Cogswell - a destroyer in the Pacific, earning a commendation as a gunnery officer. He and his family purchased Chalone Vineyard in 1965. In the Judgment of Paris wine competition, it was ranked third out of ten.

Winemaking
The vineyard grew into the Chalone Wine Group now owned by Diageo. Graff was one of the first to bring barrel fermentation and aging to the California winemaking industry. He also initiated the practice of malolactic fermentation of white wines as well as the importation of French oak barrels into the United States. Graff said "I insist upon the traditional techniques for raising wine which entail minimal handling, so that what comes from the vineyard is carried intact through fermentation and aging, clarification and bottling, into the wine glass."

With his good friends Julia Child and Robert Mondavi, he founded the American Institute of Wine & Food (AIWF).

Death
Richard Graff was killed when his Cessna 182 airplane crashed due to engine failure on January 9, 1998. After his death, the Richard H. Graff Scholarship Fund was established which is funded by the sales of Graff Family Vineyards wines and provides scholarships to food and wine students.

See also
List of wine personalities

References

1937 births
1998 deaths
Accidental deaths in California
American winemakers
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Harvard University alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1998
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Wine merchants
20th-century American businesspeople
Victoria Spence

Victoria "Tori" Spence (born 30 April 1984) is a New Zealand stage and television actress most famous for her role as Salene in the Cloud 9 television drama The Tribe. She made her acting debut in the 1993 film Jack Be Nimble and later appeared in the teen comedy series Atlantis High, in which she played the dual role of Antonia and Anthony, and William Shatner's A Twist in the Tale alongside Tribe co-star Ryan Runciman.

While attending high school, she appeared in several plays including a leading role in The Joker as well as supporting roles in Memory, Moon Launcher, Desire, Shortland Street, Sticky TV and Mother Tongue. Spence also starred in several television commercials and had experience as a stills photographic model prior to being cast as The Tribe's Salene at age 14.

Her character was introduced as an emotional frightened child and early storylines dealt with her suffering from bulimia and alcoholism. By the fourth season however, Spence had emerged as one of the lead characters and, at one point, became leader of the Mall Rats. Her character would also become romantically involved with Ryan Runciman (Ryan) and Nick Miller (Pride). On 28 January 2001, she appeared in a stage performance with Tribe cast members Ari Boyland (KC), Jennyfer Jewell (Ellie), Michelle Ang (Tai-San), Caleb Ross (Lex), Vanessa Stacey (Alice) and Meryl Cassie (Ebony) in which they sang and performed for fans in New Zealand at the Te Papa Museum.

On 2 September 2004, Spence made her first appearance in North America with fellow Tribe co-stars Daniel James (Zoot) and Matt Robinson (Slade) at the 2004 Dragon*Con convention in Atlanta, Georgia. Featured guests at the event, the three appeared in series of panels during Labor Day weekend, judging a Tribe fan-based costume contest and attended an autograph signing. While at the convention, she gave an interview discussing her character's development on The Tribe.

In July 2008, Spence appeared in the Thomas Sainsbury's horror play Beast with David de Lautour and Todd Emerson (who co-starred with Victoria in Atlantis High). In 2009, Victoria tread the stage with Thomas Sainsbury again where she played the lead role in his production Little Blonde Hen. The play ran from 11 to 14 June 2009 and featured her co-stars from The Tribe, Beth Allen and Antonia Prebble.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
New Zealand stage actresses
New Zealand television actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
Scolari

Scolari is an Italian surname, and may refer to:

Fred Scolari, American basketball player
Giuseppe Scolari, Venetian artist of the 16th century, notably in woodcut
Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football coach
Peter Scolari, American actor
Pipo of Ozora, also known as Filippo Scolari or Lo Scolari
Pope Clement III, born as Paulino Scolari
Rosa Chiarina Scolari, Italian nun who helped the Italian Resistance in World War II

See also
Scolari's Food and Drug, a supermarket chain
Koplowitz

Koplowitz is a surname, and may refer to:

 Alicia Koplowitz (b. 1954), Spanish businesswoman
 Dan Koplowitz (b. 1980), founder of US recording label Friendly Fire Recordings
 Esther Koplowitz (b. 1953), Spanish businesswoman
 Oskar Koplowitz (1911–1984), German-born US author, known as Oskar Seidlin
 Zoe Koplowitz (b. 1948), US marathon runner

Slavic-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Tanner–Hiller Airport

Tanner–Hiller Airport,  in Barre, Massachusetts, is a public airport owned by the G&C Group of Acton, MA, who purchased the field from the Leonard A. Tanner Estate in May 2017. It has one runway, averages 30 flights per week, and has approximately 25 aircraft and hang gliders based on the field. During the summer months the airport is home to hang gliding operations and extensive ultralight activity. The airport sits adjacent to the Ware River and near to the town of New Braintree.

History
The airport began operations in 1946, and is named after two of its owners, Fred and Catherine Hiller, and Leonard Tanner. The airport was originally opened by the Hillers. After Fred died, Catherine continued to develop a flight school business at the airport, both as an instructor and as an FAA examiner. A series of different owners passed through between 1973 and 1980, until Leonard Tanner bought it. One of the more interesting aircraft that has called the airport home was the prototype of the Lockheed YO-3A quiet observation aircraft, a type later used during the Vietnam War. It too was restored in a hangar at the airport before moving on. Leonard Tanner died in 1998 and his estate continued to operate the airport.
The airport had been deteriorating in recent years, something that was particularly apparent in the poor condition of the runway. The surroundings, however are still picturesque. There are no services provided at the airport as of November 2015. In its heyday the airport was home to many activities and businesses. Camping, swimming, a fine restaurant, and aircraft maintenance were once part of daily operations. Fuel sales also ceased in 2015.
In May 2017, after many years of being offered for sale, the airport was purchased for a reported US$1.1 million by G&C Group of Acton, MA, a subsidiary of a large flight school in China. The estate had had several offers prior to that, but the manager of the estate preferred to hold out for what he hoped would be better offers. The final decision to sell was accelerated by the departure of the airport's long time manager, Burchard Aviation, who also operated an aircraft maintenance shop in one of the dilapidated hangars. The new owners plan to open a helicopter school after some years.

Services
Hang Glide New England is a hang gliding tandem and instruction business that operates between May and October. The Silver Wings Ultralight Club is also very active and occupies the west hangar.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links

Airports in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Barre, Massachusetts
Ordtech Military Industries

Ordtech Military Industries (OMI) is a defense and aerospace company specializing in the design, development, and production of advanced military equipment and aerospace systems. It was established in the 1980s in Greece, with production facilities in Tripoli and Kilkis (as Ordtech Hellas) and in other countries worldwide. 

Ordtech Military Industries produces, designs, upgrades and supports a wide range of weapons systems, munitions, aircraft armaments, missile systems, and other technologies. Its products and services include guided munitions, composite propellants, aerial bombs, unmanned military aircraft, launchers and unguided rockets, countermeasures, ordnance and weapons systems for aerial, land, and naval forces.

See also 

 List of defense contractors
 Aerospace industry
 Military technology

External links
 

Defence companies of Greece
Guided missiles of Greece
Aerial bombs
Greek brands
Companies based in Kilkis
Mossad LeAliyah Bet

The Mossad LeAliyah Bet (, lit. Institution for Immigration B) was a branch of the paramilitary organization Haganah in British Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel, that operated to facilitate Jewish immigration to British Palestine. During the Mandate period, it was facilitating illegal immigration in violation of governmental British restrictions. It operated from 1938 until four years after the founding of the State of Israel in 1952. It was funded directly by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the JDC), and was not subject to the control of the Jewish Agency who operated their own Aliyah department headed by Yitzhak Rafael.

The Yishuv referred to legal immigration as "Aliyah Alef" (Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, corresponding to the Latin A), whilst clandestine immigration was referred to as "Aliyah Bet" (Bet is the second letter, corresponding to the Latin B).

History
In late 1938, due to domestic Arab pressure in Palestine relating to local objections to Zionist immigration waves, the British government announced in (what became known as) the 1939 White Paper that it was to reduce Jewish migration to Palestine, and at that point the main body of Zionism decided to cease conforming with British regulations.

Even though the Mossad LeAliyah Bet was officially founded on 29 April 1939, it had begun operating during 1938. Headed by Shaul Avigur, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet was founded on the basis of the Ha'apala movement. Its activity was initially centred in Athens; later, its centre moved to Paris. The movement's leadership was drawn from both revisionist and mainstream Zionist activists. Avigur was followed at the helm of the organisation by Meir Sapir.

In the first years after it was created, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet achieved a certain measure of success. Operating primarily by sea, in 50 cruises it was able to bring as many as 20,000 Jewish immigrants to Palestine. When World War II broke out, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet became virtually paralyzed and its activities were only renewed in August 1945.

Since that time and until the founding of Israel, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet was able to bring an additional 64 ships with over 70,000 Jewish immigrants (many of whom were Holocaust survivors). In addition to the sea, although on a much smaller scale, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet also brought immigrants via land, from the Arab world. Overall, the Mossad LeAliyah Bet was able to bring about 100,000 Jews into what was to become the State of Israel.

The most famous ship used by the Mossad LeAliyah Bet was  1947, which brought 4,515 Holocaust survivors. With the founding of Israel, Mossad LeAliyah Bet served as a basis for the agency Lishkat Hakesher (Liaison Bureau), codenamed Nativ (נתיב "Path"), created in 1953 and also headed by Meirov, which brought Jews from Soviet bloc, the Arab world, and other countries.

References

Further reading

 
 

Aliyah Bet
Haganah
Mandatory Palestine in World War II
Thomas Callaway

Thomas Callaway may refer to:

 CeeLo Green (born Thomas DeCarlo Callaway, born 1975), American recording artist
 Thomas L. Callaway, American director and cinematographer
 Thomas Callaway (actor and interior designer), American retired actor turned interior designer
Al-Ahram Weekly

Al-Ahram Weekly is an English-language weekly broadsheet printed by the Al-Ahram Publishing House in Cairo, Egypt.

History and profile
Al Ahram Weekly was established in 1991 by the Al-Ahram newspaper, which also runs a French-language weekly version, Al-Ahram Hebdo.

Between 1991 and 2003, founder Hosni Guindi, served as the editor-in-chief and Hani Shukrallah as managing editor and co-founder Mona Anis as deputy editor-in-chief. After Hosni's  death in 2003, Shukrallah succeeded him as acting editor. In 2005 Egypt's Shura Council appointed Assem El-Qersh as the paper's editor-in-chief, replacing Shukrallah. In June 2014, Galal Nassar was appointed editor-in-chief of the weekly.

The circulation of the magazine in 2000 was 50,000 copies.

See also
 List of magazines in Egypt
Sherif Sonbol, Al Ahram Weekly chief photographer

References

External links

Archived website (2002 - 2019)

Archived PDF versions of 1996 editions

1991 establishments in Egypt
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 1991
Magazines published in Cairo
News magazines published in Africa
Political magazines published in Egypt
Weekly magazines published in Egypt
Francisco Fabregas

Francisco Fabregas may refer to:

Francisco Fábregas Bosch (born 1949), field hockey player
Francisco Fábregas Monegal (born 1977), field hockey player
Cesc Fàbregas (born 1987), Spanish footballer
Plaut

Plaut is a surname, and may refer to:

 Gunther Plaut, American reform rabbi
 Jonathan V. Plaut, American reform rabbi
 Karl Plauth, German flying ace of WWI
 Richard Plant, American writer (born Plaut) 
 Steven Plaut, Israeli academic
Edward Jessup III

Edward Jessup (1801 – September 1831) was a farmer and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Upper Canada in 1801, the son of Edward Jessup, Jr. and the grandson of Edward Jessup. He served in the local militia, becoming lieutenant in 1822 and captain in 1828. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada representing Grenville in 1830. He died in Brockville while still in office in 1831.

His younger brother, Hamilton Dibble, represented Grenville in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.

References 
Becoming Prominent: Leadership in Upper Canada, 1791-1841, J.K. Johnson (1989)

1801 births
1831 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
People from Brockville
Brockhoff

Brockhoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: 

 Belle Brockhoff (born 1993), Australian snowboarder
 David Brockhoff (1928–2011), Australian rugby union identity, a state and national representative
 Klaus Brockhoff (born 1939), German economist and organizational theorist
 Stefan Brockhoff, pseudonym that was used collectively by a group of three German co-authors of several detective novels
 Dieter Cunz (1910–1969)
 Richard Plant (1910–1998)
 Oskar Seidlin (1911–1984)
Boys' Own

Boys' Own or  Boy's Own or Boys Own, is the title of a varying series of similarly titled magazines, story papers, and newsletters published at various times and by various publishers, in the United Kingdom and the United States, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, for preteen and teenage boys.

History
In 1828 in London, and in 1829 in Boston, US, an encyclopedia for boys by William Clarke was published, titled The Boy's Own Book: A Complete Encyclopedia of all the Diversions, Athletic, Scientific, and Recreative, of Boyhood and Youth. According to sports historian Robert William Henderson, "It was a tremendous contrast to the juvenile books of the period, which emphasized piety, morals and instruction of mind and soul; it must have been received with whoops of delight by the youngsters of both countries." The encyclopedia was frequently updated and reprinted through the end of the century.

Beginning with Samuel Beeton's Boy's Own Magazine, published from 1855 to 1890, the first gender-specific boys' magazines emerged, with the aim of both entertaining and building character. The fun and educational Boys' Own–type magazines, created by various publishers from 1855 through 1920, helped shape ideas of masculinity in the youth of that period.

Titles of some of the other varying magazine franchises called "Boys Own", which total more than 15 different publications, included Boys' Own Journal, Boys' Own Library, Boy's Own Paper, The Boys' Own, Boys' Own Times and News of the World, etc. The most long-lived of the magazines was Boy's Own Paper, which was published from 1879 until 1967, becoming a British institution. The phrase "real Boys Own stuff" is still used in Britain to describe exciting feats of derring-do.

Content
The contents of the various magazine titles consisted largely of boyish and manly fiction and adventure tales. The magazines could also contain nonfiction stories and adventures, nonfiction and how-to instructional articles, and articles similar to scouting or Boy Scout activities. Contents also included articles on sports, articles on boys school life, and also detective fiction, Western fiction, science fiction, and other genres of interest to boys.

See also

Boys' Life
British boys' magazines

References

British boys' story papers
Children's magazines published in the United States
Weekly magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Boston
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1828
Magazines established in 1829
John Massis

John Massis (4 June 1940 – 12 July 1988) was a Flemish strongman and teeth-acrobat. His real name was Wilfried Morbée.

Massis specialized in bending iron with his teeth. He also performed stunts where he lifted cars, pulled trains and stopped motorbikes and even helicopters and hot air balloons with his teeth. This resulted in several entries in the Guinness World Records book. He even stopped 4 small sport planes of lifting off in 4 different directions.

In 1980 he started pirate radio "Radio Superstar" and also recorded the song John Massis de krachtpatser. In 1987 he recorded Zet er je tanden in, with Willy Sommers.

In 1983 he also funded a political party called Positief Radicalen in Dutch or Positive Radicals.

He had a few roles too in the Flemish films The Leeuw Van Vlaanderen (1984) and Merlina

In 2004 Johan Heldenbergh performed a play based on Massis' life: Massis, the musical.

In 2005 he became number 172 on the list of the most famous Belgian ever in history.

He was also a source of inspiration for the cartoonist Pirana in the 80's to draw "Het Land Zonder Tanden" (1986). They were also close personal friends.
He also made an appearance in the Kiekeboe-album De spray-historie (1988) with cartoon character  "John Massif".

In 1999  the band Noordkaap referred to John Massis by naming their album Massis.

Death
Because of his unknown and therefore untreated  diabetes condition Massis was found by the local police in a delirium. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospital. With waning media interest and diabetes undermining his condition, he committed suicide at the age of 48 officially on the 12th of July 1988. To make a statement he actually committed suicide on 11 July  which is the day of the Flemish Community. He was found only the day after by his sisters Godelieve and Erna Morbée.

External links

1940 births
1988 deaths
1988 suicides
Belgian stunt performers
People associated with physical culture
Entertainers from Bruges
Graig, Newport

Graig is an electoral ward and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales.

The ward is bounded by the Ebbw River and M4 motorway to the east, the city boundary to the north and west. The southern boundary is formed by a line from the M4/A467 intersection in a roughly westerly direction as far as the city boundary. The area is governed by the Newport City Council.

The ward contains Bassaleg, Rhiwderin and the hamlet of Lower Machen. It also contains the western half of the Foxgloves estateas the Ebbw passes through the centre, the eastern half is in Rogerstone.

Location of a large Roman fort and its earthworks can be seen from the motorway.

References

External links 

Communities in Newport, Wales
Wards of Newport, Wales
Tervel (disambiguation)

Tervel can refer to:
 Tervel of Bulgaria (675–721), Emperor of the Bulgarians 700–721
 Tervel (town), Dobrich Province, Bulgaria
 Tervel Municipality, Dobrich, Bulgaria
 Tervel Peak, mountain in Antarctica's Livingston Island
 Tervel Pulev (born 1983), Bulgarian boxer
Kaye

Kaye may refer to:
Kaye (given name)
Kaye (surname)
Kayes, city in Mali, sometimes also spelled Kaye.
the ICAO code for Moore Army Airfield
KAYE-FM, a radio station (90.7 FM) licensed to Tonkawa, Oklahoma, United States
Charlene Kaye, American singer who has recorded under the name "KAYE"

See also
Kaye effect, a physical property of complex liquids
Myricks Airport

Myricks Airport,  in Berkley, Massachusetts, is an historic, public airport owned by the Myricks Airfield Foundation.  It has one turf runway (9/27), averages 59 flights per week, and has approximately 2 aircraft based on its field.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links
 Myricks Airport Foundation website

Airports in Bristol County, Massachusetts
Katama Airpark

Katama Airpark  is a public airport in the Katama section of Edgartown, Massachusetts, in Dukes County on the island of Martha's Vineyard. The airport, owned by the Town of Edgartown, has three runways, averages 22 takeoffs and landings per day, and has one aircraft based on its field.

Katama is one of three airports on the island. The main airport Martha's Vineyard Airport (MVY) is the only airport with commercial service, and handles the majority of the island's general aviation traffic as well. The third airport is the smaller Trade Wind Airport, a grass airfield in Oak Bluffs.

History
During World War II, Martha's Vineyard Airport functioned both as an outer defense and a training facility for gunnery and pilots. In addition to the main airport there was a small airfield at Katama near a gunnery practice area at the beach. Following World War II this airport was purchased by Steven Gentle, who ran the Katama Airpark until the 1980s when it was purchased with state conservation funds (as this airfield has five endangered plant or animal species).

Facilities
The airport is managed by the town of Edgartown. During the season (roughly May 31 to Labor Day), there are biplane and glider rides available, as well as flight instruction in four different aircraft.

There is a restaurant located adjacent to the airfield, currently named "Katama Kitchen." 

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute has a small data monitoring building adjacent to the hangar. It monitors wave action, beach erosion, and offshore wave action. It is not open to the public.

Accidents 
On June 22, 2005, a Cessna Skyhawk stalled and crashed during a landing attempt, injuring the pilot and two passengers. This crash was the subject of a lengthy trial which concluded in 2012 with Cessna awarding a settlement of $1.7 million (2012 USD) to the injured party. The plaintiffs alleged that faulty cockpit seat rails had caused the pilot to unexpectedly slide backward and loose control of the plane while attempting to abort a landing.

On August 3, 2015, a Piper Cherokee was damaged when it rotated forward onto its nose during a rough landing. No passengers were harmed during this incident.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links
 Katama Airfield web site
 
 AOPA airport information for 1B2
 Right Fork Diner web site

Airports in Dukes County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Edgartown, Massachusetts
Falmouth Airpark

Falmouth Airpark  is a public-use airport and residential airpark located four miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Falmouth, in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. It is privately owned by Falmouth Airpark Homeowners Association. The airport grew to supersede the Coonamessett Airport which was located in close proximity to the Otis Air National Guard Base and closed in the 1960s.

Facilities and aircraft 
Falmouth Airpark covers an area of .

For a 12-month period ending April 21, 2016, the airport averaged 39 operations a week: 61% local general aviation, 37% transient general aviation, 1% military, and 1% air taxi. During that same time there were 55 aircraft based on the field: 50 single engine, and 5 multi-engine aircraft.

Accidents and Incidents
On December 2, 2022, a Mooney M20J-201 (N3515H) crashed on approach to Falmouth Airpark. The 83-year-old pilot was killed; his passenger survived with injuries.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links 
Falmouth Airpark, official web site
Aerial photo of the airport in 1960 with a grass runway
Aerial photo of the airport in 1968 with a paved runway

Residential airparks
Airports in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Tert-Butyloxycarbonyl protecting group

The tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group or tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group (BOC group) is a protecting group used in organic synthesis.

The BOC group can be added to amines under aqueous conditions using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of a base such as sodium carbonate:

Protection of amines can also be accomplished in acetonitrile solution using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the base.

Removal of the BOC group in amino acids can be accomplished with strong acids such as trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, or with HCl in methanol. A complication may be the tendency of the t-butyl cation intermediate to alkylate other nucleophiles; scavengers such as anisole or thioanisole may be used.
Selective cleavage of the N-Boc group in the presence of other protecting groups is possible when using AlCl3.

Sequential treatment with trimethylsilyl iodide then methanol can also be used for Boc deprotection, especially where other deprotection methods are too harsh for the substrate. The mechanism involves silylation of the carbonyl oxygen and elimination of tert-butyl iodide (), methanolysis of the silyl ester to the carbamic acid () and finally decarboxylation to the amine ().

Amine protection  

The tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group is used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Common amine protection methods 
Simple rapid stirring of a mixture of the amine and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O) suspended in water at ambient temperature, an example of an on-water reaction.
Heating a mixture of the amine to be protected and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 °C
Add the amine to sodium hydroxide and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in water and THF at 0 °C then warm to ambient temperature.
Heating a mixture of the amine to be protected and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a biphasic mixture of chloroform and aqueous sodium bicarbonate at reflux for 90 minutes.
Add the amine to di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and acetonitrile (MeCN) at ambient temperature

BOC-protected amines are prepared using the reagent di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate.  Upon deprotonation, this reagent affords a doubly BOC-protected source of NH, which can be N-alkylated.  The approach is complementary to the Gabriel synthesis of amines.

Common amine deprotection methods 
 Mix the protected carbamate to be deprotected with 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) in ethyl acetate for 30 min at ambient temperature
 Heat the carbamate in a mixture of aqueous hydrochloric acid and toluene at 65 °C
 Dissolving desired protected compound in a 50/50 mix of dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid

References

Protecting groups
Tert-butyl compounds
Cranland Airport

Cranland Airport,  in Hanson, Massachusetts is a public use airport owned by Cranland Inc.  It has one runway, averages 102 flights per week, and has approximately 28 aircraft based on its field.

Benjamin Atwood owned and operated Cranland until his death on July 13, 1967.  Atwood died in an airplane crash close to Little Sandy in Pembroke, MA.  Atwood also owned Cranberry Sprayers Inc. located at Cranland.  Atwood was one of the first jet pilots in the US Air Force.
Dennis K. Burke was the sole owner of the airport until July 26, 2011, he sold the airport to Peter T. Oakley, who is also the Airport Manager.
One historic aircraft, a Grumman Widgeon formerly owned by singer Jimmy Buffett (then registered as N1471N), is housed in the main hangar. It is now owned by Burke, who re-registered it as N3N. This Widgeon was rebuilt by former airport manager Michael Maurano. Cranland Airport is also the home of Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) Chapter 279  http://www.eaa279.org/ . The club hosts a fly-In breakfast every third Sunday each month between April and October 8–11 am and it is open to the public. Dozens of regional based aircraft from nearby Plymouth, Marshfield, And Mansfield municipal airports fly into Cranland where breakfast is served on airport grounds. Aircraft usually include local Cessnas, piper cubs, and other General Aviation icons. some of the most notable regularly appearing aircraft include a rare radial engine powered variant of the Fairchild F.22, a vintage 1940 Cessna 140, a Vietnam War era Cessna L-19 Bird-Dog observation airplane, a World War II era De Havilland Chipmunk trainer, a Pits S-2 bi-plane, a Boeing PT-17 Stearman bi-plane fitted with a 450 hp engine, and a restored Beechcraft C-45 Expeditor (a former military variant of the Beech 18). The fly-in normally includes flyovers and demonstrations of the present aircraft later, in the June 2012 fly-in an Army National Guard UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter landed at the airport for display being the first time that the Cranland fly-in had any military involvement.

Incidents and Accidents

On August 1, 2007, a small plane crashed 40 yards from the runway. Sadly, there was a death of a 63 year old man, the pilot.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links
 http://www.eaa279.org/index.htm - EAA Chapter 279, based at Cranland

Hanson, Massachusetts
Airports in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Hopedale Industrial Park Airport

Hopedale Industrial Park Airport , in Hopedale, Massachusetts, is a private airport open to the public. It is owned by the Hopedale Industrial Park.  It has one runway and sees very low traffic. Approximately sixteen aircraft are based at Hopedale. At one point, it housed a flight school and offered plane rentals.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links

Airports in Worcester County, Massachusetts
List of people from Ahmedabad

There are a number of distinguished citizens of Ahmedabad who have been awarded with the highest civilian awards of the country.

Bharat Ratna
 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - awarded posthumously in 1991
 Gulzarilal Nanda - awarded posthumously in 1997

Padma Vibhushan
 Dr. Vikram Sarabhai - Padma Bhushan in 1966, Padma Vibhushan awarded posthumously in 1972

Padma Bhushan
 Mrinalini Sarabhai - Padma Shri in 1965, Padma Bhushan 1992
 Ela Bhatt - Padma Shri in 1985, Padma Bhushan in 1986
 George Joseph - awarded in 1999
 Mallika Sarabhai - awarded in 2010

Padma Shri
 Balkrishna Doshi - awarded in 1976
 Geet Sethi - awarded in 1986
 Haku Shah - awarded in 1989
 Jasu Patel - awarded in 1960
 Keshavram Kashiram Shastri - awarded in 1976
 Kumudini Lakhia - awarded in 1987
 Pramod Kale - awarded in 1984
 P.R. Pisharoty - awarded in 1970
 Satya Prakash - awarded in 1982
 Kartikeya Sarabhai - awarded in 2012
 Taarak Mehta - awarded in 2015
 Tejas Patel - awarded twice 
 Anil K Gupta - awarded in 2004

Other 
 Alisha Chinai, an Indian pop singer known for her Indi-pop albums as well as playback singing in Hindi cinema.
 Sakharam Ganesh Pandit, an Indian-American lawyer and civil rights activist
 Darshan Raval, an Indian singer & composer.
 Disha Vakani, Actor and Worked in The Show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah
 Dr. Vikran I. Shah, an Indian orthopedic surgeon, based in Ahmedabad. Shah established Shalby Hospitals in 1994.
 Ali Sher Bengali, 16th-century Sufi saint of the Shattari order

References

People from Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
Marlboro Airport

Marlboro Airport,  in Marlborough, Massachusetts, was a public airport that was in operation from 1922 to 2019.

History
Marlboro Airport was founded in 1922, the era when barnstormers flew "by the seat of their pants." It was the oldest continuously operating commercial field in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until its closure. There was one fixed-base operator, Don's Flying Service, named for former airport manager Don LaCouture Sr. and offered fixed-wing and helicopter flight instruction, tie-downs and hangar space, and major and minor aircraft repairs.

Chapter 673 of the Experimental Aircraft Association was based at Marlboro Airport.

In April 2010, the airport owner sued the government claiming that the airport's runway was damaged by heavy vehicles accompanying President Obama's secret service fleet. The government settled with the airport owner's widow a year after his death., however the funds were never used to repave the airport which was closed shortly thereafter.

Its final owner was Sandra A. Stetson, widow of prior owner G. Robert Stetson, Jr. Robert died on April 27, 2012, at the age of 66. It had one runway, and at the end of its life averaged 37 flights per day with approximately 40 aircraft based on its field.  In December 2018, Sandra Stetson sold the airport to Capital Group Properties, which plans to redevelop the site into the Airport Industrial Park.

References

External links

Defunct airports in Massachusetts
Airports in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Cape Cod Airfield

Cape Cod Airfield,  in Marstons Mills, Massachusetts, is a public airport owned by the Town of Barnstable.

History
Cape Cod Airfield is located on the former site of Camp Perkins, a Massachusetts National Guard camp which was active on the site in 1921 and 1922. The airport was founded by Zenas Crocker, a World War I biplane pilot. It opened with a flying circus on July 4, 1929. During Prohibition, the biggest attraction at the airport was the nearby Aviation Country Club, which ran an open bar and night club. The club was closed down by Zenas Crocker's brother - Laughlin Crocker who was the Sheriff of Barnstable County. From 1929 to 1934, the Massachusetts National Guard's aviation group held its summer encampment at the airport. In 1930, the Skyways Flying School, run by Crocker's friend Crocker Snow, opened at the airport. In 1935, the property was acquired by Hilma and William H. Danforth, summer residents of Oyster Harbors. The Danforths used the property as a riding stable, polo field, and automobile race track as well as for their private aircraft and added a windmill to serve as an office building. The airport was opened for commercial service on May 8, 1946, when Mrs. Danforth leased the property to John C. Van Arsdale. Van Arsdale opened a flying school to take advantage of the G.I. Bill's flight training for World War II veterans. During this time, the stables were torn down and the Aviation Country Club moved to Hyannis, Massachusetts, where it became an Elks Club. In 1949, Van Arsdale opened the Provincetown-Boston Airlines and eventually turned over control of the Cape Cod Airport to the Danforth's personal pilot Harry Kornhiser. Kornhiser expanded the operation to include airplane maintenance and reconditioning used aircraft for resale in addition to flight instruction. Kornhiser died in 1991 and his son Rick took over as airport manager. Under the younger Kornhiser, the airport saw gliders, blimps, and an occasional hot air balloon added to its flight operations. Kornhiser also towed advertising banners over nearby beaches. On April 17, 2000, Kornhiser died in an banner-towing accident near the Norfolk Airport. Laurel Kornhiser took over operations following her husband's death. In March 2003, a representative of the Danforth family informed Kornhiser that her lease would not be renewed and the airport would close. In 2003, the Town of Barnstable purchased the 217-acre Danforth Property, which included the airport, for $11.2 million. The airport reopened in July 2004.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links

Article about a woman falling 2,000 feet into Mystic Lake and living

Airports in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
1929 establishments in Massachusetts
Headband (disambiguation)

A headband is a topless headgear.

Headband may also refer to:
 Headband (band), a 1970s Australian band formed by Peter Head
 "Headband" (song), a song by B.o.B.
 "The Headband", an episode of the television series Avatar: The Last Airbender
 Endband, a part of a bound book
 "Head Band" (Dexter's Laboratory), a 2003 episode

See also 
 Shiva's Headband, an early Texas psychedelic rock band, formed in Austin in 1967
 Tonto's Expanding Head Band, an electronic music duo consisting of Malcolm Cecil and Robert Margouleff
Northampton Airport

Northampton Airport  is a public airport located  northeast of central business district of Northampton, a city in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, USA.
The airport covers  and has one runway that is  in length and  in width. Avgas fuel is self-service and is available 24 hours a day. Northampton Airport has an estimated 73 flights per day and estimated 92 based aircraft.

History 
The Northampton Airport was opened as a commercial airport on April 1, 1929. The airport was visited by the Granville brothers (who were responsible for building the Gee Bee airplane).

During World War II, the airport was used as a naval training facility and trained pilots for the war effort. The airport has been in continuous operation since its inception in 1929.

Flight school
Northampton Airport contains a flight school which consists of 15 flight instructors and 11 aircraft. The aircraft range from light sport to twin engine.  Also available for training is the Redbird Full Motion Flight Simulator.

Northampton Airport has a full service maintenance facility with Four full-time mechanics.

References

External links 

 Airport Master Record (FAA Form 5010), also available as a printable form (PDF)

Airports in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Northampton, Massachusetts
Transportation buildings and structures in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Spencer Airport

Spencer Airport,  in Spencer, Massachusetts, is a public airport which was once owned by Gregg E. Andrews.  It has one runway, averages 125 flights per week, and has approximately 26 aircraft based on its field. Andrews Aviation, based at the airport provides flight instruction in a vintage Piper J-3 Cub.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links
Official website

Airports in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Spencer, Massachusetts
Sterling Airport

Sterling Airport  is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the central business district of Sterling, a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is privately owned by Monadnock Realty Corp.

It is a fairly inexpensive place to rent airplanes, as the starting rate is $99/hour for a two-seater Cessna 150. The airport has many parking spaces, open-air and in hangars. The Sterling Airport closes its runways in early September for the Sterling Fair, during which time, all the aircraft tied down on the field must be flown elsewhere. Even the glider trailers are moved off-field. But after the fair, the airport opens for normal operations once again.

Sterling Airport is also the home of the Greater Boston Soaring Club.

Facilities and aircraft 
Sterling Airport covers an area of 100 acres (40 ha) at an elevation of 459 feet (140 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 16/34 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,086 by 40 feet (941 x 12 m) and one helipad designated H1 which is 50 by 50 feet (15 x 15 m).

For the 12-month period ending June 1, 2010, the airport had 49,260 aircraft operations, an average of 134 per day:
99% general aviation, <1% air taxi, and <1% military. At that time there were 78 aircraft based at this airport: 37% single-engine, 3% multi-engine, 56% glider, and 4% ultralight.

See also
 List of airports in Massachusetts

References

External links 
 Aerial image as of March 1995 from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Candace Brown

Candace Dean Brown (born June 15, 1980) is an American actress and comedian best known for her work on shows such as Grey's Anatomy, Desperate Housewives, Head Case, and Wizards Of Waverly Place.  In 2011, she joined the guest cast for Torchwoods fourth series' Torchwood: Miracle Day, airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom and premium television network Starz.

Early years 

Brown was born in Culver City, California, and was raised in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendale by her mother. 
She attended Glendale High School in Glendale and later attended California State University, Northridge to study communications. She studied acting under the acting teacher, Ivana Chubbuck. She is an alum of The Groundlings Theater in Los Angeles where she was a member of the Sunday Company alongside Kristen Wiig and Mikey Day.

Career 
Brown made her first appearance on TV in 1995, on the Fox television show Party Of Five.
She made her feature film debut in the 2003 comedy The Cat In The Hat, as the secretary at the Humberfloob Real Estate Office.
Brown has appeared in numerous television shows.  In 2007, she was cast as Natalie, Sarah's neighbor on The Sarah Silverman Program.  In 2008, she was cast as The Genie on the Disney Channel show Wizards Of Waverly Place.  In 2009, Brown joined the main cast of the comedy Head Case, on the Starz TV network.

In 2011, Brown portrayed the character Sarah Drummond on Torchwoods fourth season, Torchwood: Miracle Day, airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom and premium television network Starz.

In 2012, Candace joined the cast of Shameless, portraying the character "Alana Murphy" on the show's second season, airing on Showtime.

Since 2013, Candace has appeared on The Mindy Project and was cast in pilots for both Nickelodeon and FOX. She also made an appearance on the ABC comedy, Suburgatory and
was a regular sketch performer on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno as well as performing stand-up comedy and improv around the U.S.

References

External links

 Official website

1980 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Glendale, California
American film actresses
American television actresses