alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Type 1

Type 1 or Type I or variant, may refer to:

Health
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (also known as "Type 1 Diabetes"), insulin-dependent diabetes
Type I female genital mutilation
Type 1 personality
Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity), an allergic reaction

Vehicles
Type 1 diesel locomotives

Civilian automotive
US F1 Type 1, 2010 F1 Car
Bugatti Type 1, an automobile
Peugeot Type 1, 1890s vis-a-vis
Volkswagen Type 1, an automobile commonly known as the Volkswagen Beetle

Military
German Type I submarine
Type 001 aircraft carrier, PLAN carrier class variant of the Soviet Kuznetsov class
Nakajima Ki-43, officially designated Army Type 1 Fighter

Japanese armoured vehicles of World War II
Type 1 Chi-He, a tank
Type 1 Ho-Ni I, a tank
Type 1 Ho-Ha, an armoured personnel carrier
Type 1 Ho-Ki, an armoured personnel carrier

Weapons
Type 1 37 mm Anti-Tank Gun, a Japanese weapon
Type 1 47 mm Anti-Tank Gun, a Japanese weapon
Type 01 LMAT, a Japanese fire-and-forget anti-tank missile
Type 1 heavy machine gun, a Japanese weapon
Type 1 machine gun, a Japanese weapon
Type I Rifle, Arisaka; a Japanese combat rifle

Other uses
Type I and type II errors used in statistics
Type 1 encryption, a cryptographical certification
Type 1 fonts
Type-1 Gumbel distribution, a distribution function
Type I lattice
Type 1 sequence
Type I plug/socket, known formally as AS 3112, an Australian standard for mains power plugs
Type 1 electrical connector, used by electric vehicles
Type I superconductor
Type I string theory
Type I Transmembrane Protein
 Type I, part of the Kardashev scale of measuring a civilization's technology level
 IEC Type I, one of the four "type" classifications of audio cassette formulation
MOT Type 1 Stone, a UK specification for aggregate used as a sub-base in the construction of driveways and roads.

See also

 
 
 
 
 L type (disambiguation) or "type-l"
 Type (disambiguation)
 1 (disambiguation)
 Class 1 (disambiguation)
 Model 1 (disambiguation)
 System 1 (disambiguation)
Mesić Monastery

The Mesić Monastery (; Romanian: Manastirea Mesici) is a Serb Orthodox monastery situated in the Banat region, in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The monastery is situated near the village of Mesić, in the Vršac municipality. It was founded in the 15th century, although legend holds that it was built in 1225 by Arsenije Bogdanović of the Hilandar.

Mesić Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by Serbia.

See also
Tourism in Serbia
List of Serb Orthodox monasteries

External links 

More about the monastery

Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Vojvodina
Banat
Vršac
1225 establishments in Europe
Christian monasteries established in the 15th century
Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)
Medieval sites in Serbia
Medieval Serbian Orthodox monasteries
15th-century establishments in Serbia

eo:Mesicj
The Art(e) of Romance

The Art(e) of Romance is the fifth studio album of Argentine melodic hardcore band Fun People, issued by Ugly Records in April 1999.

Track listing
"Take Over"
"Middle of the Round"
"F.M.S."
"What Will We Gonna Pay?"
"Leave Me Alone"
"Dick Dale"
"Si Pudieras (Desde Ushuaia)"
"Water"
"One Day, Like Wilckens"
"Vivar"
"Vientos"
"Question"
"Diciembre"
"Donde Estás?"
"Never Knows (Es Obvio)"
"Blah, Blah, Blah"
"Sardina" (Instrumental)
"A Mi Manera"
"El Stranger"

Personnel
Recorded and mixed in Chicago, USA by Steve Albini on Estudio Electrical. 
Mastered by J. Golden Studios Hollywood CA.
Mr. Chuly Pogiese - bass
Lord Nano and William - Caños.
Gori - guitars
Gato - Drums
Ron Spiritual guide and Miss Muerte singer and coordination.

1999 albums
Fun People albums
albums produced by Steve Albini
Inverse Faraday effect

In optics, the inverse Faraday effect is the effect opposite to the Faraday effect. A static magnetization  is induced by an external oscillating electrical field with the frequency , which can be achieved with a high intensity laser pulse for example. The induced magnetization is proportional to the vector product of  and :

From this equation we see that the circularly polarized light with the frequency  should induce a magnetization along the wave vector . Because  is in the vector product, left- and right-handed polarization waves should induce magnetization of opposite signs. 

The induced magnetization is comparable to the saturated magnetization of the media.

References 
Rodriguez, V.; Verreault, D.; Adamietz, F.; Kalafatis, A. "All-Optical Measurements of the Verdet Constant in Achiral and Chiral Liquids: Toward All-Optical Magnetic Spectroscopies". ACS Photonics 2022, 9, 7, 2510–2519. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00720 

Magneto-optic effects
Ho-5 cannon

The Ho-5 (Army Type 2) was a Japanese aircraft autocannon used during World War II. Developed from the Ho-103 machine gun, it was a version of the American Model 1921 Browning aircraft machine gun. It replaced the Ho-1 and Ho-3 (Army Type 97) in general service. The Ho-5 was belt-fed using typical Browning-style steel disintegrating links.  The cartridge used was a shortened version of the Allied 20 x 110mm Hispano-Suiza HS.404.

The Ho-5 was used mostly as wing mounts in late-war fighters, but saw limited use as cowl mounted in fighters and as flexible mounted (retrofit) in bombers.

Specifications
Caliber: 20mm (0.8 in)
Ammunition: 20 x 94 (84.5 g)
Weight: 37 kg (77 lb)
Rate of fire: 750 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity: 750 m/s (2,460 ft/s)
Magazine: 150-round belt

See also
List of firearms
List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War II
List of common World War II infantry weapons
M2 Browning machine gun

References
 Gunston, Bill "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Combat Aircraft of World War II" Salamander Books, Ltd. 1978   
 20 mm Aircraft Cannon Ho 5 (Browning Principle) 
 Japanese Ammunition
20 mm artillery
Autocannon
Aircraft guns
Institute of Management Technology, Dubai

The Institute of Management Technology-Dubai (IMTD) is an international business school. It is certified by the Ministry of Higher Education, UAE; the Institute is licensed by MOHESR and KHDA, and all its programs are accredited by the CAA.

It offers accredited undergraduate and postgraduate programs to students from a multitude of nationalities and educational backgrounds. Established in 2006, the Institute was among the first International Business Schools to have set up a full-fledged campus in Dubai.

At the undergraduate level IMTD offers a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (full-time). At the graduate level it offers a full-time MBA for fresh graduates and an Executive MBA (on weekends) for working professionals. Students from various nationalities including the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and Europe study together.

The Dubai campus is the third campus of IMT.

Memberships 
IMTD is a member of various international organizations such as:
 Brussels based European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD), which is the umbrella organization for leading European business schools in charge of EQUIS accreditation
 The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International), the most reputed international body which accredits schools of business. It is regarded as the benchmark for business school quality among the academic community.
 Supply Chain & Logistics Group SCLG 
 Dubai Quality Group 
 International Chamber of Commerce

References

Universities and colleges in Dubai
Business schools in the United Arab Emirates
2006 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Educational institutions established in 2006
Angels (album)

Angels is the eighth album by Finnish gothic rock band The 69 Eyes. It is the sequel to the band's 2004 album Devils. The official release date was 5 March 2007. In Finland, though, it was released on 28 February 2007 as a limited edition CD/DVD set.

The first single from the album is called "Perfect Skin", and a video was released in 2006. Also, another single, titled "Never Say Die", was released and a video was also created for it.

Track listing 

"Angels" – 3:59
"Never Say Die" – 3:29
"Rocker" – 3:39
"Ghost" – 4:17
"Perfect Skin" – 3:45
"Wings & Hearts" – 5:05
"Star of Fate" – 4:50
"Los Angeles" – 3:48
"In My Name" – 3:36
"Shadow of Your Love" – 3:43
"Frankenhooker" – 4:03
"Only Fools Don't Fall Once More (Japan edition bonus track)- 4:18
"Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams" (US/Japan edition bonus track) – 4:32

Limited edition enhanced content 
 Opendisc: Create your own link with The 69 Eyes

Reissue enhanced content 
 Perfect Skin (video)
 Never Say Die (video)

Angels/Devils + DVD 
Angels
"Angels" – 3:59
"Never Say Die" – 3:29
"Rocker" – 3:39
"Ghost" – 4:17
"Perfect Skin" – 3:45
"Wings & Hearts" – 5:05
"Star of Fate" – 4:50
"Los Angeles" – 3:48
"In My Name" – 3:36
"Shadow of Your Love" – 3:43
"Frankenhooker" – 4:03
"Multimedia Track"

Devils

"Devils"
"Feel Berlin"
"Nothing on You"
"Sister of Charity"
"Lost Boys"
"Jimmy"
"August Moon"
"Beneath the Blue" (feat. Ville Valo)
"Christina Death"
"Hevioso"
"Only You Can Save Me"
"From Dusk 'Til Dawn" (bonus track)
"Pitchblack" (bonus track)

DVD
"Perfect Skin" (video)
"Devils" (video)
"Lost Boys" (video)
"Never Say Die" (video)
"Devils (live)"
"Christina Death" (live)
"Feel Berlin" (live)
"Lost Boys" (live)
"I Just Want to Have Something to Do" (live)
"On the Route 69 Presentation – Documentary"

Limited edition bonus DVD 
 Perfect Skin (video)
 Live at Whisky a Go-Go 2006:
Devils
Christina Death
Feel Berlin
Lost Boys
I Just Want to Have Something to Do
 On the Route 69 Presentation

Singles 

Perfect Skin
"Perfect Skin" – 3:47
"Devils" (live) – 4:28
"Christina Death" (live) – 4:34
"I Just Want To Have Something to Do" (Ramones cover) (Live) – 3:17

Never Say Die
"Never Say Die" (Single Mix) – 3:32
"Never Say Die" (Album Mix) – 3:30
"Only Fools Don't Fall Once More" – 4:18

Rocker
"Rocker" – 3:39

Ghost
"Ghost" – 4:17
"Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams" (2007) – 4:31
"Never Say Die" (video)

Notes 
The U.S. edition of the album contains a re-recorded version of the song "Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams" from the 1997 album of the same name.
The model on the cover is MySpace celebrity and model Christine Dolce.

Credits 
Jyrki 69 – lead vocals
Bazie – lead guitar
Timo-Timo – rhythm guitar
Archzie – bass, backing vocals
Jussi 69 – drums

References 

2007 albums
The 69 Eyes albums
Pacific Time (radio show)

Pacific Time was a weekly radio program that covered a wide range of Asian American, East Asian and Southeast Asian issues, including economics, language, politics, public policy, business, the arts and sports.  With news bureaus in Bangkok, Beijing, and Tokyo, it was the only public radio program devoted to Asian-American issues.

Produced by KQED in San Francisco, California, the show was syndicated by as many as 37 other public radio stations in markets around the United States.  The show premiered in 2000 and was hosted by Nguyen Qui Duc until September, 2006, when Nguyen returned to Vietnam. After Nguyen's departure it was hosted by K. Oanh Ha.  Citing financial difficulties, KQED cancelled the show and its last broadcast was October 11, 2007.  At the time it was cancelled the program cost $500,000 per year to produce and had a weekly audience of 190,000.

Stations
Stations carrying Pacific Time:

References

External links
Pacific Time Official website

American public radio programs
Mass media in the San Francisco Bay Area

2000 radio programme debuts 
2007 radio programme endings
Peritus

Peritus (Latin for "expert") is the title given to Roman Catholic theologians attending an ecumenical council to give advice. At the Second Vatican Council, some periti (the plural form) accompanied individual bishops or groups of bishops from various countries. Others were formally appointed advisers to the whole council.

Cardinal Yves Congar served as a consultant to the council upon the invitation of Pope John XXIII, but was hired as personal and expert theologian (peritus) at the council to Bishop Jean-Julien Weber of Strasbourg. This allowed him to attend all the general sessions and participate in discussions of any commission to which he was invited.

The periti of Vatican II, although their official status designates them as at the service of the council, were most often at the service of the currents which clashed at the council, either on the side of a reform of the church (acceptance of religious freedom, revision of church–state relations, reassessment of relations with other religions), or on the side of the continuation of a clash of Catholicism with the other institutions and currents of society, in the wake of the councils of Trent and Vatican I (especially for the experts close to Coetus Internationalis Patrum).

As for the US, there were 86 periti altogether during the four sessions of the council.

References

Catholic ecclesiastical titles
Second Vatican Council

Canon law of the Catholic Church
Bernard Bertossa

Bernard Bertossa was Geneva's public prosecutor from 1990 to 2002. He signed the 1996 "Appel de Genève" against international money laundering and other financial criminal activities. With French investigative magistrate Eva Joly, Brussels's king's attorney (procureur du roi) Benoît Dejemeppe, Blois' magistrate Jean de Maillard and investigative magistrate Renaud Van Ruymbeke, he signed a 9 May 2001 op-ed in Le Monde newspaper, titled ""The 'black boxes' of financial globalization", which supported investigative reporter Denis Robert in his discovery of the Clearstream Affair.

See also 
Clearstream

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Betty Blue (model)

Betty Blue (August 14, 1931 – August 23, 2000) was an American model and actress and was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the November 1956 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Hal Adams.

A self-described nudist, Blue was a showgirl at the El Rancho Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas before becoming a Playmate, and posed for other men's magazines before and after joining the Playboy family. She also did additional nude photo shoots for Playboy, usually anonymously, and can be seen in a mid-1990s topless shot in The Playmate Book.

Blue had a limited acting career, mostly in TV commercials and some B-movies.

From 1957 to 1963, Blue was married to producer and director Harold Lime. They remarried in 1991.

Upon her death from heart failure, her ashes were sprinkled on the grounds of the Playboy Mansion.

Filmography
 Women in Revolt (1971) (as Baby Betty) .... Betty
 Not Tonight Henry (1961) .... Pocahontas

See also
 List of people in Playboy 1953–1959

References

External links
 
 

1931 births
2000 deaths
1950s Playboy Playmates
People from West Memphis, Arkansas
KVTI

KVTI (90.9 FM) is a National Public Radio affiliate station operated by Northwest Public Radio, licensed to Tacoma, Washington, and operates at 90.9 MHz with an ERP of 51 kW. As an "NPR & Classical Music" station, it broadcasts NPR news, local and syndicated classical music shows (switching to jazz music on weekends), and other public radio programming. The station is owned by Clover Park Technical College in Lakewood, but since 2010, has been operated by the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University. It is one of three NPR member stations in the Seattle/Tacoma area, with fellow Tacoma-based station KNKX and Seattle-based KUOW-FM being the other two stations.

History
The station began in 1955 as KCPS and also had the call letters KPEC-FM from 1972 until 1983. During this time instructors Bill Doane and Bob Piatt brought many radio professionals to speak to their classes and radio veteran Bill Glass claims this was a sound foundation for his career.

From March 1988 until June 2010 KVTI was known as i-91fm and featured Top 40 music (with news in the morning and afternoon), Tuesday nights featured live acoustic music from 7-10PM and Talk and Public Affairs from 10PM to Midnight. In 2006 and 2007, KVTI was recognized as the Top 40 Radio Station of the year by the New Music Awards. In the same ceremonies, music director Beth Valiant was recognized as Top 40 Music Director of the year.  In 2008, program director John Mangan was recognized as New Music Weekly's Top 40 Program Director of the Year and music director Beth Valiant won Top 40 Music Director of the Year for the 5th consecutive year.

On April 7, 2010, CPTC announced that it would outsource KVTI's operations to Northwest Public Radio effective June 1, 2010.  Washington State University had been looking for some time to enter the Seattle market, even though it would be going head-to-head with two of the highest-rated NPR stations in the country, KUOW-FM and KPLU-FM. However, KVTI's signal is not nearly as strong as its main competitors. While it decently covers Tacoma and Olympia, it only provides grade B coverage of Seattle. It can't be heard at all in major portions of Snohomish County because it is short-spaced to KSER in Everett at 90.7. Fifty-five years of programming and operation by Clover Park students and staff ended at the close of the broadcast day June 16, 2010. On June 17, it became a repeater of Northwest Public Radio's "NPR and Classical Music" service.

CPTC no longer offers radio broadcasting classes.

References

External links

VTI
Lakewood, Washington
NPR member stations
Radio stations established in 1955
1955 establishments in Washington (state)
Norman Mommens

Norman Mommens (31 May 1922 – 8 February 2000) was a Belgian sculptor.

Born in Antwerp, his father was Flemish and his mother was English. He studied mural painting at Elkerlyc, the High School for Architecture and the Visual Arts, in Amsterdam. World War II and two years of forced labor during the German occupation of Belgium prevented him from continuing his studies. In 1948, he left Belgium for England. 

Mommens was married to the English potter Ursula Trevelyan (née Darwin), but divorced her. In 1963, he met the English author Patience Gray (née Stanham), they moved to Greece and then Italy in 1970. They did not legally wed until 1994. Mommens and Gray both died in Presicce, Italy.

References

External links
 A film in memory of Norman Mommens and Patience Gray, 2008, dakhlavision1.wordpress.com. Accessed 17 January 2023.

1922 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Belgian sculptors
Belgian people of English descent
Belgian expatriates in Italy
Harumi Kurihara

is a celebrity homemaker and television personality in Japan.  Kurihara has often been called the "Martha Stewart of Japan", and has enjoyed popularity there for over twenty years.  She is the host of numerous television shows, author of Suteki Recipe, a quarterly recipe magazine which has sold 5 million copies, as well as over 20 bestselling cookbooks and style magazines, has a line of cookware named after her, and owns a chain of stores. Her homemaking empire is named Yutori no Kukan, which means "a space to relax". She has had sponsorship deals with companies such as P&G, Shiseido, 3M, Takara Distillers and Nissan.

She was born in Shimoda, a coastal city, and never had professional training as a chef. She is therefore known for satisfying home cooking. In particular her cuisine is known for combining traditional and newer Western influences, while accounting for the real-world time constraints of a housewife.  She is married to Reiji Kurihara, a former television newsanchor, who originally encouraged her to begin her television career, and is now president of Yutori no Kukan.

Harumi's first cookbook was Gochisosama Ga Kikitakute!, which translates to "I want to hear you say: 'I'm all finished and that was great!'".  Harumi's first major cookbook published in English was Harumi's Japanese Cooking, which in 2004 was awarded the best cookbook of the year (and the best world Asian cuisine book) at the 10th Gourmand World Cookbook Awards, and was selected from a pool of 5000 cookbooks from 67 countries.

Publications
 Harumi's Japanese Cooking, (Original limited edition, 2004; Home edition, April 2006) 
 Harumi's Japanese Home Cooking, (2006) 
 Everyday Harumi, (2009)

References

External links
Gourmand World Cookbook Awards press release
Martha Stewart of Japan: Honolulu Advertiser
Your Japanese Kitchen A NHK World TV program with recipes from and presented by Harumi Kurihara

1947 births
Japanese chefs
Living people
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Food writers
FictionBook

FictionBook is an open XML-based e-book format which originated and gained popularity in Russia. FictionBook files have the  filename extension. Some readers also support ZIP-compressed FictionBook files ( or )

The FictionBook format does not specify the appearance of a document; instead, it describes its structure. For example, there are special tags for epigraphs, verses and quotations. All ebook metadata, such as author name, title, and publisher are also present in the ebook file. This makes the format convenient for automatic processing, indexing, ebook collection management and allows automatic conversion into other formats.

Software and hardware support 

The format is supported by e-book readers such as FBReader, AlReader, Haali Reader, STDU Viewer, CoolReader, Fly Reader, Okular, Ectaco jetBooks, HedgehogReader, Documents for iOS, and some others. Firefox can read FictionBook by installing the FB2 Reader extension. Many hardware vendors support FictionBook in their firmware: BeBook One, BeBook Mini and BeBook Club in Europe (and other Hanlin V3 and V5 based devices), all PocketBook Readers, COOL-ER devices, Cybook Opus and Cybook Gen3, and ASUS Eee Reader DR900. Devices based on the Hanvon N516 design can read FictionBook if custom OpenInkpot firmware is installed; it is factory default for Azbooka 516. Amazon's Kindle, Barnes & Noble's Nook, and Sony devices do not support FictionBook directly.

Conversion to and from FictionBook2 files ( and ) is possible via the cross-platform ebook management software Calibre.  Conversion to and from FictionBook2 format is also available via Pandoc.

See also 
 List of e-book readers

References

External links
 FictionBook 2.0 Specification

XML-based standards
Open formats
Office document file formats
Ebooks
Sean Kern

Sean Kern is an American water polo player. His position is center forward (two-meter offense). During his water polo career, Kern was a four-time All-American, two-time National Player of the Year, two-time NCAA champion and three-time UCLA scoring leader. After his 1999 season, Kern was honored as the first-ever male recipient to receive the Peter J. Cutino Award. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, he scored 3 goals for the US team.

He led Honolulu's Punahou School to three consecutive league titles and personally earned three Interscholastic League of Honolulu player of the year awards.(Honolulu Advertiser, Honolulu, Hawaii: 12/14/94, 11/29/95, 12/15/96)

Kern came to UCLA in 1997 as the top-ranked recruit in the country, taking the Bruins to back-to-back NCAA titles in 1999 and 2000. Kern missed the first eight games of the 2000 season while playing in the Sydney Olympics, but still led the Bruins to their second consecutive NCAA championship. He scored 33 goals in 17 games, and two in the NCAA final and was named the tournament's MVP for the second year in a row. Kern, a four-time All-American, was also chosen player of the year in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. Kern is a two-time recipient of the Peter J. Cutino Award, receiving the top American collegiate water polo honor for the first two years that it was awarded.

Kern joined other UCLA Bruins, Coralie Simmons (2001), Natalie Golda (2005) Kelly Rulon (2007), and Courtney Mathewson (2008), as the school's Peter J. Cutino Award winners, all coached by Adam Krikorian.

Kern now plays for the New York Athletic Club in the USA Water Polo Premier League.

References

External links
 
UCLA player bio

1978 births
Living people
Punahou School alumni
Water polo players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
UCLA Bruins men's water polo players
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in water polo
George Brouse

George Brouse (1790 – February 12, 1860) was a farmer, businessperson, and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Matilda Township, Dundas County, Upper Canada, in 1790, the son of Peter Brouse, a United Empire Loyalist from Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, New York. He opened a general store on his property some time after 1814. A small community originally known as Matilda and later Iroquois, Ontario, developed in the area.

In 1810 Peter Brouse had converted George and his brother Peter to Methodism but he did not continue in this faith until the great revival in 1822, when he was restored, and became a lifelong steward of the church.

During the 1820s, he built a gristmill, sawmill, shingle factory, and woollen mill. From 1828 to 1876, he was postmaster in the area. In 1829 he was elected to the 10th Parliament of Upper Canada, Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Dundas. In 1846, he became a captain in the 2nd Regiment of the Dundas County Militia. In 1857, Iroquois was incorporated as a village and Brouse became its first reeve. He died in Iroquois in 1860.

He was the uncle of William Henry Brouse, a Canadian MP.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1790 births
1860 deaths
19th-century Methodists
Canadian Methodists
Converts to Methodism
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Vojlovica

Vojlovica can refer to:

 Vojlovica Monastery, a monastery in Banat, Vojvodina, Serbia
 Vojlovica, Pančevo, a quarter of the Pančevo city, Serbia
Type 89 machine gun

Type 89 refers to two unrelated Imperial Japanese Army aircraft machine guns. Its Imperial Japanese Navy counterparts are the Type 97 machine gun (fixed), and Type 92 machine gun (a Lewis gun copy).

Type 89 fixed

The first machine gun is a recoil-operated, licensed copy of the Vickers Class E machine gun re-chambered to 7.7x58mmSR Type 89 cartridge, it is referred to as the "fixed type". It was used in synchronized applications in fighter cowls and in wing gun applications. It was belt-fed, using a steel link disintegrating belt. The fixed Type 89 was used in the Nakajima Ki-27, Ki-43, early Ki-44 fighters, the Mitsubishi Ki-30 and Ki-51 light bombers, the Kawasaki Ki-32 light bomber and various others. Communist forces used some ex-Japanese Type 89s during the Korean War.

Type 89 flexible type

The second machine gun is gas-operated, it consists of two modified Type 11 machine guns paired into a single unit, similar to the German MG 81Z. It is commonly referred to as the "flexible type". It was derived from otsu-gou - an experimental machine gun (1922-1929) which was a Type 11 turned on its side and fed from a pan magazine. The machine gun was chambered in the 7.7x58mmSR Type 89 cartridge, it used a "Y"-shaped metallic stock, spade grips, the barrels had no cooling fins (contrary to Type 11), it was fed from two quadrant-shaped 45-round pan magazines (each magazine has a place for nine 5-round stripper clips).
The machine gun was used as a rear gun on aircraft and some were pressed into ground and anti-aircraft use. Single or doubled Type 89s were used in most Imperial Japanese Army aircraft that had flexible defensive weapons, including the Mitsubishi Ki-21, Ki-67 and Nakajima Ki-49 heavy bombers, the Mitsubishi Ki-30, Ki-51 and Kawasaki Ki-32 light bombers, the Tachikawa Ki-9 (for training purposes only), and various other aircraft in the Army Air Force inventory.
 
Additionally, there was also the Te-4 machine gun (the Te designation was given to firearms under 11mm, and Ho to larger weapons such as the 12.7mm Ho-103 heavy machine gun and 20mm Ho-5 autocannon), the machine gun bore a strong resemblance to otsu-gou (of which the Type 89 "flexible" was a derivative), due to that fact it was assumed to be a further modification of the double-barrelled machine gun, as such it was referred to as Type 89 "modified single".

See also
Type 97 machine gun
Type 92 machine gun
Type 100 machine gun

References

Bibliography

External links

pwencycl.kgbudge.com Japanese_7p7mm_Type_89_gun.htm
pwencycl.kgbudge.com Japanese_7p7mm_Type_89_Special_gun.htm
alternathistory.org.ua

Aircraft guns
World War II weapons of Japan
Machine guns of Japan
Carlos Jiménez Villarejo

Carlos Jiménez Villarejo (born 1935 in Málaga) is a former Spanish anti-corruption public prosecutor in office between 2000 and 2004. 
As a left-wing democrat jurist, he is specialized in the struggle against tax havens. He collaborates with ATTAC's struggle to abolish money-laundering center.

In 2014 he briefly represented Podemos in the European Parliament. He stopped working with Podemos in 2016.

References

Bibliography 

 Denis Robert, La justice ou le chaos, Stock, 1996. Interviews and portrait of seven anticorruption judges: Bernard Bertossa, Edmondo Bruti Liberati, Gherardo Colombo, Benoît Dejemeppe, Baltasar Garzon Real, Carlos Jimenez Villarejo, Renaud Van Ruymbeke

1935 births
Living people
People from Málaga
MEPs for Spain 2014–2019
Podemos (Spanish political party) MEPs
Anti-corruption (disambiguation)

Anti-corruption or anticorruption is anything that opposes or inhibits corruption.

Organisations

Political parties
 Anti-Corruption Party, a Honduran political party
 The Justice & Anti-Corruption Party, a British political party

Commissions
 Anti-Corruption Commission (disambiguation)
 Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
 Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
 Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission
 Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
 National Anti-Corruption Commission (Thailand)
 Anti-Corruption Commission of Namibia
 Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission

Initiatives
 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement, wide-scale protests throughout India, decrying systemic corruption
 Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping, campaign to combat corruption at all levels of government within China; began in 2012 during the general secretaryship of Xi Jinping
 Russian anti-corruption campaign, coordinated effort by the Russian government to hinder corruption

Other uses
 Anti-Corruption (film) (Lian zheng feng bo), 1975 Hong Kong film directed by Ng See Yuen

See also

 
 International Anti-Corruption Day
 Corruption (disambiguation)
 List of anti-corruption agencies
 Political corruption
 Political dissent
 Whistleblowers
Operation Greif (game)

Operation Greif is a variant for Avalon Hill's 1965 wargame Battle of the Bulge self-published by Don Lowry in 1970. It is a game recreation of the World War II Operation Greif.

Historical background
During the World War II Battle of the Bulge, Operation Greif (German for Griffin) was a special false flag operation commanded by Waffen-SS commando Otto Skorzeny where German soldiers, wearing captured British and U.S. Army uniforms, attempted to capture bridges over the Meuse River and cause confusion in the Allied rear echelons.

Description
Operation Greif is a two-person variant for the 1965 edition of Battle of the Bulge, later updated to conform to the 1981 edition. Only new counters and rules are provided; the original map board from Battle of the Bulge is required for play.

Components
The game consists of
11" x 17" sheet folded in half to form a 4-page rules folder
sheet of paper with printout of 313 counters, to be cut apart and glued to 1/2" cardboard counters
two Order of Battle sheets, one for Allies, one for Germans

Publication history
In 1965, Avalon Hill published Battle of the Bulge, a wargame that simulated the German surprise offensive of December 1944–January 1945. In 1970, game editor Don Lowry designed a variant for the game based on Operation Greif and sold it through his mail order business. Lowry also sold a number of copies to the International Federation of Wargamers (IFW). The IFW subsequently distributed the copies to members via its newsmagazine The International Wargamer.

In 1981, with permission of Lowry, game designer Chester Hendrix published a revised second edition. The same year, Avalon Hill published a new and much revised edition of Battle of the Bulge. Several years later, Hendrix published a third edition of Operation Greif that was updated to the new Bulge rules.

Reviews
Strategy & Tactics Guide to Conflict Simulation Games, Periodicals and Publications in Print, Issue 1 No. 157
Panzerfaust Magazine No. 59 (July–August 1973)

References

External links

Board games introduced in 1970
World War II board wargames
William Sansom Vaux

William Sansom Vaux (May 19, 1811 – May 5, 1882) was an American mineralogist from Pennsylvania.

Early life
Vaux was born in Philadelphia to George and Eliza H. Vaux. His parents were early Quaker settlers of the Province of Pennsylvania and amassed great wealth through their businesses.  He inherited his parents wealth after their deaths and never engaged in business.  His inheritance allowed him to dedicate his time toward the study of science and mineralogy in particular.

Career
He became a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in 1834, and served it in various capacities in the next forty-eight years, including vice-president. He was also a member of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia and one of the original members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1859.

Vaux made several trips to Europe to collect mineral specimens, and by his death his collection was considered to be the finest in the United States.

Vaux was one of eight founders of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia and served as vice-president. From 1871 till his death he was treasurer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Vaux also served as president of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia.

Personal life
Vaux was married but his wife died several years before him.  They had one son together, however he died at an early age. Vaux became infirm toward the end of his life from a disease contracted from travelling in Rome.  He died of a tumor-like growth in his abdomen and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

Legacy
He bequeathed his mineral and archaeological collections to the Academy of Natural Sciences, along with his library and an endowment for their preservation.

He is commemorated in the name of Vaux's swift, which was first discovered by his friend John Kirk Townsend.

References

External links
 The Vaux Family Papers, including correspondence, journals, records and other miscellaneous papers, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

1811 births
1882 deaths
American mineralogists
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Scientists from Philadelphia
Alling and Cory

Alling and Cory was a privately owned printing paper and packaging distributor headquartered in Rochester, New York, United States.  Founded by Elihu F. Marshall in 1819, the company was the first paper merchant in the U.S.  The company remained independent until 1996 when it was bought by Union Camp.  Assumed to be among its employees were two United States Presidents and other United States statesmen.

At its height, Alling and Cory owned more than 20 branch offices from Toledo, Ohio to New York City.  At one point, it was the United States' oldest privately owned company in continuous operation. In 1910–1911, they built the Alling & Cory Buffalo Warehouse and in 2010, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It merged with Antietam Paper Co. in 1997. After the International Paper acquisition of Union Camp in 1999, Alling and Cory was folded into xpedx Corp.  Most of its original branches remain open.

References

Companies based in Rochester, New York
257-gon

In Geometry, 257-gon, also known broadly as the Dihectapentacontakaiheptagon, is a polygon with 257 sides. The sum of the interior angles of any non-self-intersecting 257-gon is 45,900°.

Regular 257-gon 
The area of a regular 257-gon is (with )

A whole regular 257-gon is not visually discernible from a circle, and its perimeter differs from that of the circumscribed circle by about 24 parts per million.

Construction 
The regular 257-gon (one with all sides equal and all angles equal) is of interest for being a constructible polygon: that is, it can be constructed using a compass and an unmarked straightedge. This is because 257 is a Fermat prime, being of the form 22n + 1 (in this case n = 3). Thus, the values  and  are 128-degree algebraic numbers, and like all constructible numbers they can be written using square roots and no higher-order roots.

Although it was known to Gauss by 1801 that the regular 257-gon was constructible, the first explicit constructions of a regular 257-gon were given by Magnus Georg Paucker (1822) and Friedrich Julius Richelot (1832). Another method involves the use of 150 circles, 24 being Carlyle circles: this method is pictured below. One of these Carlyle circles solves the quadratic equation x2 + x − 64 = 0.

Symmetry 
The regular 257-gon has Dih257 symmetry, order 514. Since 257 is a prime number there is one subgroup with dihedral symmetry: Dih1, and 2 cyclic group symmetries: Z257, and Z1.

257-gram
A 257-gram is a 257-sided star polygon. As 257 is prime, there are 127 regular forms generated by Schläfli symbols {257/n} for all integers 2 ≤ n ≤ 128 as .

Below is a view of {257/128}, with 257 nearly radial edges, with its star vertex internal angles 180°/257 (~0.7°).

See also
17-gon
List of polygons
List of self-intersecting polygons

References

External links

Robert Dixon Mathographics. New York: Dover, p. 53, 1991.
Benjamin Bold, Famous Problems of Geometry and How to Solve Them. New York: Dover, p. 70, 1982. 
H. S. M. Coxeter Introduction to Geometry, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1969. Chapter 2, Regular polygons
Leonard Eugene Dickson Constructions with Ruler and Compasses; Regular Polygons. Ch. 8 in Monographs on Topics of Modern Mathematics *Relevant to the Elementary Field (Ed. J. W. A. Young). New York: Dover, pp. 352–386, 1955.
257-gon, exact construction the 1st side using the quadratrix according of Hippias as an additional aid (German)

Constructible polygons
Polygons by the number of sides
Euclidean plane geometry
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Calcium arsenate

Calcium arsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca3(AsO4)2. A colourless salt, it was originally used as a pesticide and as a germicide. It is highly soluble in water, in contrast to lead arsenate, which makes it more toxic. Two minerals are hydrates of calcium arsenate: rauenthalite Ca3(AsO4)2·10H2O and phaunouxite Ca3(AsO4)2·11H2O.  A related mineral is ferrarisite (.

Preparation
Calcium arsenate is commonly prepared from disodium hydrogen arsenate and calcium chloride: 
2 Na2H[AsO4]  +  3 CaCl2  →   4 NaCl  +  Ca3[AsO4]2  +  2 HCl
In the 1920s, it was made in large vats by mixing calcium oxide and arsenic oxide. In the United States, 1360 metric tons were produced in 1919, 4540 in 1920, and 7270 in 1922.
The composition of commercially available calcium arsenate varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. A typical composition is 80-85% of Ca3(AsO4)2 a basic arsenate probably with a composition of 4CaO.As2O5 together with calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.

Use as a herbicide
It was once a common herbicide and insecticide. 38,000,000 kilograms were reported to be produced in 1942 alone, mainly for protection of cotton crops.  Its high toxicity led the development of DDT.

Regulation
Calcium arsenate use is now banned in the UK, and its use is strictly regulated in the United States.  It is currently the active ingredient in TURF-Cal manufactured by Mallinckrodt, it is one of the few herbicides – used mainly for the control of Poa annua and crabgrass- that hinders earthworm activity.  Its label states that it will "reduce and inhibit earthworm activity and survival" and is only recommended against serious earthworm infestations in places such as golf course greens.

Toxicity and regulation
Calcium arsenate is highly toxic, having both carcinogenic and systemic health effects. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 0.01 mg/m3 over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends a limit five times less (0.002 mg/m3).

It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

Other natural occurrences
Weilite is the monohydrogenated counterpart, Ca(HAsO4), while švenekite – the dihydrogenated one, Ca(H2AsO4)2. Hydrated analogues of weilite are haidingerite (monohydrate) and pharmacolite (dihydrate), with the latter name reflecting arsenic-related toxicity. Examples of more complex, hydrated Ca arsenates with some anions hydrogenated, are ferrarisite, guérinite, sainfeldite, vladimirite, and jeankempite.

References

Arsenates
Calcium compounds
Insecticides
Mutagens
Carcinogens
65537-gon

In geometry, a 65537-gon is a polygon with 65,537 (216 + 1) sides. The sum of the interior angles of any non–self-intersecting  is 11796300°.

Regular 65537-gon
The area of a regular  is (with )

A whole regular  is not visually discernible from a circle, and its perimeter differs from that of the circumscribed circle by about 15 parts per billion.

Construction
The regular 65537-gon (one with all sides equal and all angles equal) is of interest for being a constructible polygon: that is, it can be constructed using a compass and an unmarked straightedge. This is because 65,537 is a Fermat prime, being of the form 22n + 1 (in this case n = 4). 
Thus, the values  and  are 32768-degree algebraic numbers, and like any constructible numbers, they can be written in terms of square roots and no higher-order roots.

Although it was known to Gauss by 1801 that the regular 65537-gon was constructible, the first explicit construction of a regular 65537-gon was given by Johann Gustav Hermes (1894). The construction is very complex; Hermes spent 10 years completing the 200-page manuscript. Another method involves the use of at most 1332 Carlyle circles, and the first stages of this method are pictured below. This method faces practical problems, as one of these Carlyle circles solves the quadratic equation x2 + x − 16384 = 0 (16384 being 214).

Symmetry
The regular 65537-gon has Dih65537 symmetry, order 131074. Since 65,537 is a prime number there is one subgroup with dihedral symmetry: Dih1, and 2 cyclic group symmetries: Z65537, and Z1.

65537-gram
A 65537-gram is a 65,537-sided star polygon. As 65,537 is prime, there are 32,767 regular forms generated by Schläfli symbols {65537/n} for all integers 2 ≤ n ≤ 32768 as .

See also

 Circle
 Equilateral triangle
 Pentagon
 Heptadecagon (17-sides)
 257-gon

References

Bibliography

Robert Dixon Mathographics. New York: Dover, p. 53, 1991.
Benjamin Bold, Famous Problems of Geometry and How to Solve Them New York: Dover, p. 70, 1982. 
H. S. M. Coxeter Introduction to Geometry, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1969. Chapter 2, Regular polygons
Leonard Eugene Dickson Constructions with Ruler and Compasses; Regular Polygons Ch. 8 in Monographs on Topics of Modern Mathematics
Relevant to the Elementary Field (Ed. J. W. A. Young). New York: Dover, pp. 352–386, 1955.

External links
65537-gon mathematik-olympiaden.de (German), with images of the documentation HERMES; retrieved on July 9, 2018
Wikibooks 65573-Eck (German) Approximate construction of the first side in two main steps
65537-gon, exact construction for the 1st side, using the Quadratrix of Hippias and GeoGebra as additional aids, with brief description (German)

Constructible polygons
Polygons by the number of sides
Euclidean plane geometry
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Ho-1 cannon

Ho-1 was a Japanese autocannon used during World War II, it was a Type 97 20 mm anti-tank rifle adapted for use in bomber turrets.

Fixed or not
The cannon when fixed was known as the Ho-3, compared to its flexible brother the Ho-3 was fed with a 50-round double drum, while the Ho-1 was fed by a 15-round magazine.

Specifications
Caliber: 20 mm (0.8 in)
Ammunition: 20 x 125 (164 g) Armor-piercing tracer or high-explosive incendiary 
Weight: 33 kg (72 lb) 
Rate of fire: 300-400 rounds/min
Range 900 m
Muzzle velocity: 820 m/s (2,690 ft/s)

References

20 mm artillery
Autocannon
Aircraft guns
Florida State Road 224

State Road 224 (SR 224) is a four-lane road in Orange Park, Florida.  It connects the unincorporated area on its western end at State Road 21, near the Orange Park Country Club to U.S. Route 17 (US 17).  SR 224 is also known as Kingsley Avenue, named for the early Florida settler and plantation owner Zephaniah Kingsley.

Sites of interest along SR 224 include: Orange Park High School, Orange Park Medical Center, a United States Post Office, the Orange Park Town Hall (on the corner of US 17 and SR 224) and Moosehaven.

Major intersections

References 

224
224
Super Hits (George Jones album)

Super Hits is an album by American country music singer George Jones, released in 1987 on the Epic Records label. It was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1992, and double platinum in 2002. It has sold 2,289,000 copies in the US as of May 2013.

This is the first of Sony Music's long-running Super Hits series of budget-priced compilations.

Track listing

Chart performance

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
George Jones' Official Website
Record Label

1987 greatest hits albums
George Jones compilation albums
Epic Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Billy Sherrill
Ho-3 cannon

Ho-3 was a Japanese autocannon used during World War II. It was a drum-fed improvement of the magazine-fed Ho-1 cannon, itself derived from the Type 97 antitank rifle.

Specifications
Caliber: 20 mm (0.8 in)
Ammunition: 20 x 125 (164 g)
Weight: 43 kg (95 lb)
Rate of fire: 300-400 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity: 820 m/s (2,690 ft/s)

20 mm artillery
Autocannon
Aircraft guns
Corniculate cartilages

The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially.

They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages.

Eponym
It is named by Giovanni Domenico Santorini. The word "Corniculate" has a Latin root "cornu". Cornu means horn like projections. The projections of Corniculate cartilage look like "horns" hence the name.

Additional images

References

External links
 

Human head and neck
Jean de Maillard

Jean de Maillard (born 15 August 1951 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines) is a French magistrate in Blois.

He wrote several books concerning financial crime. He also co-signed a 9 May 2001 op-ed in Le Monde with Bernard Bertossa, attorney general in Geneva, Benoît Dejemeppe, king's attorney in Bruxelles (procureur du roi), Eva Joly, investigative magistrate in Paris, and Renaud van Ruymbeke, judge in Paris, entitled The 'black boxes' of financial globalization, that supported reporter Denis Robert in his investigations concerning the Clearstream Affair.

Books 

  Les beaux jours du crime. Vers une société criminelle ? Plon, 1992.
  Un monde sans loi. La criminalité financière en images. Editions Stock, 1999.

References

1951 births
Living people
People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye
20th-century French judges
21st-century French judges