alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Glow (The Innocence Mission album)

Glow is the third album by the American folk rock band the Innocence Mission, released in 1995 on A&M Records. Musically, it marked a radical departure for the group, as the Sundays/10,000 Maniacs-inspired dream pop aesthetic found on their first two albums was replaced by a more straightforward, cleaner rock sound. The album was recorded over a several-month period at Kingsway Studios, New Orleans, Louisiana and Bad Animals Studios, Seattle, Washington. It was the band's final major label release.

Track listing
 "Keeping Awake" – 3:58
 "Bright As Yellow" – 3:32
 "Brave" – 3:49
 "That Was Another Country" – 4:18
 "Speak Our Minds" – 2:54
 "Happy, The End" – 3:38
 "Our Harry" – 2:21
 "Go" – 3:06
 "Everything's Different Now" – 3:16
 "Spinning" – 3:13
 "There" – 3:55
 "I Hear You Say So" – 2:11

All songs written by Karen Peris except "Keeping Awake", music by Don and Karen Peris.

"Bright As Yellow"
"Bright As Yellow", the album's only official single, peaked at number 33 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart. It was featured extensively on several episodes of the hit TV series Party of Five and can also be found on the soundtrack to the film Empire Records, among others.

On June 6, 2008, "Bright as Yellow" was played as the official NASA wake-up call for the crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-124 on flight day 7.

The track list for the single is as follows:
 "Bright As Yellow" (Album Version) – 3:33
 "Let's Talk About Something Else" – 3:15
 "That Was Another Country" (Album Version) – 4:17
 "Geranium Lake" – 1:27

All songs written by Karen Peris except "Let's Talk About Something Else" and "Geranium Lake", written by Karen Peris and Don Peris. All songs produced by Dennis Herring except two and four, recorded and engineered by Don Peris.

Personnel
 Karen Peris – vocals, piano, acoustic guitar, organ
 Don Peris – guitars, organ
 Mike Bitts – bass guitar, vocals, vibes
 Steve Brown – drums, tambourine
 David Tonkonogui – cello on "That Was Another Country"
 Dennis Herring – producer
 Bob Ludwig – mastering
 Chris Fuhrman – engineer
 John Burton – assistant engineer
 Trina Shoemaker – assistant engineer

References 

The Innocence Mission albums
1995 albums
A&M Records albums
Albums produced by Dennis Herring
Error bar

Error bars are graphical representations of the variability of data and used on graphs to indicate the error or uncertainty in a reported measurement. They give a general idea of how precise a measurement is, or conversely, how far from the reported value the true (error free) value might be. Error bars often represent one standard deviation of uncertainty, one standard error, or a particular confidence interval (e.g., a 95% interval).  These quantities are not the same and so the measure selected should be stated explicitly in the graph or supporting text.

Error bars can be used to compare visually two quantities if various other conditions hold.  This can determine whether differences are statistically significant.  Error bars can also suggest goodness of fit of a given function, i.e., how well the function describes the data.  Scientific papers in the experimental sciences are expected to include error bars on all graphs, though the practice differs somewhat between sciences, and each journal will have its own house style. It has also been shown that error bars can be used as a direct manipulation interface for controlling probabilistic algorithms for approximate computation. Error bars can also be expressed in a plus–minus sign (±), plus the upper limit of the error and minus the lower limit of the error.

A notorious misconception in elementary statistics is that error bars show whether a statistically significant difference exists, by checking simply for whether the error bars overlap; this is not the case.

See also
Box plot
Information graphics
Model selection
Significant figures

References

Statistical charts and diagrams
Mamoru

Mamoru (まもる, マモル) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Marcus Mamoru Toji (born 1984), American actor
, Japanese composer
, Japanese composer best known for his work with animator Hayao Miyazaki
, anime director
, Japanese shogi player
, Japanese film director
, Japanese inventor, music composer, and Chief Executive Officer of VitaCraft and VitaCraft Japan
, Olympics marksmen
, Japanese anime director
, Japanese boxer
, Japanese middle-distance runner
, Japanese actor and voice actor
, Japanese astronaut
, Japanese mechanical designer, character designer, and manga artist
, Japanese film director
, Japanese composer
 Mamoru Sato (born 1937), American modernist sculptor
, Imperial Japanese Navy officer
, Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at the end of World War II
, Japanese illustrator/manga artist
, Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese criminal/murderer
, Japanese film director, screenwriter and actor
, Japanese architect
, Japanese mixed martial artist

Fictional characters
, a character in Higurashi no Naku Koro ni visual novel and anime series
, a character in the The King of Braves GaoGaiGar
, a character in the Sailor Moon series
, a character in the Inazuma Eleven
, a character in From the New World
, a character in Forbidden Siren 2
, a character in the Captain Tsubasa series
, a character in Kage Kara Mamoru!
, a character in Space Battleship Yamato
, a character in the Hajime no Ippothe series
, a character in Mamoru-kun ni Megami no Shukufuku wo!
 Mamoru-kun, the anthropomorphic canine mascot for Fukuoka Prefecture's disaster prevention, created by CyberConnect2. Mamoru-kun was originally planned to be the main character of Tail Concerto II, but due to the poor sales of the last game, it never came to fruition.

See also
Kage Kara Mamoru!, series of light novels written by Achi Taro
Mamoru-kun ni Megami no Shukufuku o!, a light novel series by Hiroki Iwata
4613 Mamoru, a main-belt asteroid

Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names
Glossary of ichthyology

This glossary of ichthyology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in ichthyology, the study of fishes.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

References

Further reading 

 

Fishkeeping
Ichthyology
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists
Downtown Tacoma

Downtown is the central business district of Tacoma, Washington, United States, located in the inner Northeast section of the city. It is approximately bounded east-west by A Street and Tacoma Avenue, and north-south by South 7th Street and South 25th Street.  The center of downtown is the intersection of 9th and Broadway.

History 
Downtown Tacoma's mid-century downturn was exacerbated by the opening of the Tacoma Mall in the 1960s.  Many of the anchor retail stores left downtown to relocate to the mall. Following this exodus of retailers, city leadership attempted to make downtown more appealing to shoppers by building two large parking garages and by closing off to traffic two blocks of Broadway Street between South 9th and South 11th Streets.  The Broadway Mall was less successful than hoped and the street was re-opened to traffic during the 1980s.

Later revitalization efforts were centered around the renovation of Union Station in 1990, which became Tacoma's federal courthouse, coupled with the opening of University of Washington Tacoma. The University of Washington rejected a greenfield site for its new South Puget Sound campus and, instead, decided to restore six historic warehouses in a dilapidated district on the edge of downtown Tacoma. Today, the area is a thriving museum and university district. Retail and restaurants have returned and downtown is undergoing a renaissance. The addition of the Museum of Glass, Tacoma Art Museum, and the Washington State History Museum added much life to the area.

The Tacoma City Council passed the Local Improvement District for St. Helens Street in April 2006, which was designed to improve areas which have been neglected.  Also central to the revitalization effort has been the city's adoption of the tax exemption for new residential units in multifamily dwellings, primarily apartments and condominiums.  Starting in 2002, downtown Tacoma began seeing an increase in the number of residential units being built or renovated downtown.  Buildings such as the Perkins Building, Harmon Lofts, and Cliff Street were renovated for living units.

A new regional convention center, the Greater Tacoma Convention and Trade Center, opened in 2004.

Buildings and features 
Downtown Tacoma is well known for its historic buildings, most built at the end of the 19th century.  These include the Old City Hall Building, Union Station, Elks Temple, Bostwick Building, the Winthrop Hotel and the Pythian Temple, which houses Seabury Middle School.  The Mecca Theater is currently being restored.

The city's Christmas tree is located in the downtown area.

References

External links 
New Tacoma Neighborhood Council
Tacoma Downtown Merchants Group
Downtown Tacoma
Tacoma Regional Convention and Visitor Bureau

Geography of Tacoma, Washington
T
Tacoma
Haswell's frog

Haswell's frog (Paracrinia haswelli) is a small ground frog found around coastal swamps in eastern Australia from around Port Macquarie, New South Wales to the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria. It is the only member of the genus Paracrinia.

Description

This species of frog reaches  in length. This frog varies from light grey-brown, pale brown to red-brown above with some darker flecks. There is normally a faint mid-dorsal stripe running down the back. There is also a dark band running from the back of the eye to the shoulder. The top half of the iris is silver. The thighs are red, which gives it another name, the red-groined froglet. The ventral surface of this species is light brown with white patches.

Ecology and behaviour
This species is associated with coastal swamps, particularly in wallum swampland and heathland. This species also inhabits dams, ponds, and ditches in sclerophyll forest and woodland.

Males make an "annk" call from water or on land during most of the year, but most often after rain in autumn and winter. Eggs are laid in water attached to sticks and leaves. The tadpole of this species has very deeply arched tail fins. Metamorphosis occurs during spring and autumn after a tadpole life span of about 100 days. Metamorph frogs measure  and resemble the adult, however, the thigh red colouration is not yet fully developed.

References

External links
 
Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
Frogs of Australia
Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.
Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Amphibians of New South Wales
Amphibians of Victoria (state)
Myobatrachidae

Amphibians described in 1894
Frogs of Australia
Taxa named by Joseph James Fletcher
Union Stock Yard Gate

The Union Stock Yard Gate, located on Exchange Avenue at Peoria Street, was the entrance to the famous Union Stock Yards in Chicago. The gate was designed by Burnham and Root around 1875, and is the only significant structural element of the stock yards to survive.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1981.  The plaza surrounding the gate also includes the city's principal memorial to its firefighters.

Description
The Union Stock Yard Gate is located on Chicago's South Side, on a plaza in the center of Exchange Avenue at its junction with Peoria Street.  This position marked the principal eastern entrance to the stock yards, which occupied several hundred acres to the west.  It is a limestone construction with a central main arch flanked by two smaller arches.  The main arch is  wide and  high, with the surmounting truncated hip roof giving the structure a total height of .  The piers of the central arch are topped by conical limestone turrets.  The smaller side arches are asymmetrical (one is  wide, the other ), but are similarly styled on a smaller scale.  One of the side arches retains an iron grillwork gate, of a style that both would have originally had.  The main gate at one time had an iron portcullis.

History
The Union Stock Yard was established in 1865, as a place to centralize the city's growing meatpacking industry. Its early facilities were constructed out of wood, with some elements later rebuilt in stone.  This gate was designed by Daniel Burnham and John W. Root, who were responsible for the design of other structures in the yards, and constructed in 1879. The gate and an accompanying gatehouse (since demolished), were the only substantial buildings to survive a fire that leveled the yards in 1934.

Restored in the 1970s, the limestone gate now stands as one of the few reminders of Chicago's past dominance in the meat packing industry. Over the center arch of the gate is a bust of Sherman, stockyard superintendent John D. Sherman's favorite bull.

The gate was designated an official Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1972. It was then designated a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981. Directly behind the gate is a memorial statue for Chicago firefighters. The statue is located there because of the Chicago Union Stock Yards Fire, and around the base are engraved the names of all Chicago firefighters ever killed in the line of duty.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago

References

External links

Union Stock Yard Gate, a segment from the film Fast Food Nation

Gates in the United States
Firefighting memorials
Labor monuments and memorials
Monuments and memorials in Chicago
Firefighting in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1879
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
National Historic Landmarks in Chicago
South Side, Chicago
Burnham and Root buildings
Chicago Landmarks
Return of Pycal

is a 2002 Japanese original video animation based on Monkey Punch's Lupin III manga. Directed by Mamoru Hamatsu and released on April 3, 2002, it is the second OVA in the Lupin III franchise. The story features the return of the magician Pycal, in recognition of the 30th anniversary of the manga's first television anime adaptation. Return of Pycal won an Excellent Work Award at the 2003 Tokyo International Anime Fair. It was released in North America on July 27, 2021, by Discotek Media.

Plot
When Lupin attempts to steal a gem, he is interrupted by Pycal, a magician who was considered to have died after facing off with Lupin in the past (chapter 7: "Magician" of the original manga and episode 2: "The Man They Called a Magician" of the first anime series). Pycal, once a trickster, now seems armed with real magical abilities, and seems determined to get his revenge on Lupin.

Release
Return of Pycal was released on VHS and limited edition DVD by VAP on April 3, 2002. The limited edition DVD set includes a CD-ROM with a puzzle game, which if beaten would provide a password for ZIP files containing wallpapers, and a CD of the soundtrack. On April 23, 2003, a standard DVD version and a standalone CD of the soundtrack were released separately. Vap released Return of Pycal on Blu-ray on September 15, 2010.

Discotek Media announced their North American license to the OVA in December 2020. They released it on upscaled Blu-ray on July 27, 2021.

References

External links
 
 Return of Pycal at Lupin III Encyclopedia
 

2002 anime OVAs
Lupin the Third
Discotek Media
TMS Entertainment
Prazo

A  prazo (or prazo da coroa) was a large estate leased to colonists, settlers and traders in Portuguese Africa to exploit the continent's resources. Prazos operated like semi-feudal entities and were most commonly found in the Zambezi River valley.

The prazo was a land grant or lease given in exchange for a fixed annual fee based on laws promulgated by the medieval kings of Portugal, Afonso V and Manuel I, and established in Portuguese Africa in the 17th century. The leaseholder was required to live on the grant and could not sell or sub-let it, although this was frequently violated. In Tete Province during the 19th century, 32 prazeros owned 57 prazos. The land grant was not to exceed 500 leagues in length although most exceeded this limit. In 1677 a system was adopted to attract white Portuguese settlers. Vacant prazos were to be granted to "deserving orphan girls or the daughters of crown servants", who would pass the prazo on to her eldest daughter for three generations who were married to Portuguese men. At that time the government could take control of the prazo or renew the lease.

The prazero was allowed to employ Africans (colonos); raise a private army, often made up of slaves; trade in all commodities; and maintain law and order in the prazo. The Portuguese Crown intended the prazo to guarantee control over the land, stimulate agricultural production, facilitate European settlement and be a source of revenue for the government, but the system failed in the objectives. Contributions to the failure were rampant absenteeism, violent rivalries between the grantees, the scarcity of Portuguese women, lack of capital and resistance by the Africans, of which the latter cause was probably the most important. The prazo system's concepts of female inheritance, three lives and individual landownership were alien to African traditions.

The government attempted to reform the system in the mid-19th century, but failed to do so. Another attempt was made in the 1890s with no different results, but the introduction of the concessionaire companies about that time, the 1890 British Ultimatum and the Portuguese Colonial Act of 1930 contributed to the end of the prazo.

References

Sources

Newitt, Malyn D. D. "The Portuguese on the Zambezi: An Historical Interpretation of the Prazo System". The Journal of African History 10, 1 (1969): 67–85.

Further reading 
Isaacman, Allen F. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution—The Zambesi Prazos, 1750–1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.
Newitt, Malyn D. D. Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi: Exploration, Land Tenure and Colonial Rule in East Africa. New York: Africana, 1973.

Agriculture in Africa
Mosolov

Mosolov () is a Russian surname. It may refer to:
 Alexander Mosolov (1900 - 1973), Soviet composer.
 Georgy Mosolov (1926 - 2018), Soviet Russian test pilot.
William Laird

William or Bill Laird is the name of:
Bill Laird (ice hockey) (1891–1953), Canadian ice hockey goalkeeper
William Laird (shipbuilder) (1780–1841), Scottish shipbuilder and entrepreneur who founded the Cammell Laird shipyard at Birkenhead, England
William Laird (Canadian politician) (1835–1911), politician on Prince Edward Island, Canada
William Laird III (1916–1974), United States Senator from West Virginia
William Laird IV (born 1952), former member of the West Virginia House of Delegates and West Virginia Senate
William Laird (footballer), Scottish footballer for Sunderland
Renunciation

Renunciation (or renouncing) is the act of rejecting something, particularly something that the renunciant has previously enjoyed or endorsed.

In religion, renunciation often indicates an abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in the interests of achieving spiritual enlightenment, for example as practiced in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In Hinduism, the renounced order of life is ; in Buddhism, the Pali word for "renunciation" is , conveying more specifically "giving up the world and leading a holy life" or "freedom from lust, craving and desires".  See Sangha, Bhikkhu, Bhikkhuni, Śramaṇa. In Christianity, some denominations have a tradition of renunciation of the Devil.

Renunciation of citizenship is the formal process by which a person voluntarily relinquishes the status of citizen of a specific country. A person can also renounce property, as when a person submits a disclaimer of interest in property that has been left to them in a will.

Mahatma Gandhi

It is widely believed in India that voluntary renunciation is how one gains power, for whatever purpose. In South Africa (1893–1915) Gandhi tried many spiritual practices and experiments, almost all of them including a component of renunciation, based in the practice of . After reading Unto This Last by John Ruskin in 1904 Gandhi redoubled his commitment to gain greater control over self, increasing his capacity to work for the common welfare and find a greater sense of oneness with others. The ultimate renunciation is of self, one's separateness from others and the world.

Christianity
In some Christian denominations, renunciation of the Devil is a common liturgical rubric. This is most often seen in connection with the sacrament of baptism. In the Roman Catholic church a baptism usually contains the "Prayer of Exorcism". Later in the ceremony, the parents and godparents are asked to publicly renounce the devil.

The Church of England dismissed this rubric in a 2014 renewal of liturgy. According to The Independent, this was done in an attempt to "widen the appeal" of the rite. A prior report for the Church's Liturgical Commission stated that "[f]or the majority of those attending, the existing provision can seem complex and inaccessible."

In the Church of Norway, the public renunciation of the Devil is an obligatory element in the Main Service. It is stated by the congregation before the profession of faith (usually the Apostles' Creed, as the Nicene Creed is largely reserved for special observances). When performed in a service which includes a baptism, it is also considered an extension of the testimony given by the sponsors, as they are required to confess to a denomination which does not reject the Apostles' or the Nicene Creed, nor rejects infant baptism.

See also
 Asceticism
 Nekkhamma
 Sannyasa

References

External links

Religious practices
Wonder boy

Wonder boy or Wonderboy may refer to:

Film
Wonder Boys (film), the 2000 film starring Michael Douglas and Tobey Maguire, adapted from Michael Chabon's novel (see below)
Wonder Boy (2017 film), a Singaporean film directed by Dick Lee and starring Benjamin Kheng
Wonder Boy (2019 film), a French documentary film directed by Anissa Bonnefont about Olivier Rousteing
Berting Labra (1933-2009), Filipino actor also known as Wonder Boy

Literature
Wonderboy, a novel by Henrik H. Langeland
Wonderboy, the baseball bat used by Roy Hobbs, the main character in Bernard Malamud's novel The Natural (and in the film adaptation)
Wonder Boy (character), two superheroes
Wonder Boys, a 1995 novel by Michael Chabon

Music
"Wonder Boy", a song by Lesley Gore
"Wonderboy" (The Kinks song)
"Wonderboy" (Tenacious D song)
"Wonder Boy" (After School song)
Keith "Wonderboy" Johnson (1972–2022), American gospel singer-songwriter

Sports
Wonder Boys, the nickname of the Arkansas Tech University men's athletic teams
Jeff Gordon (born 1971), NASCAR driver
Stephen Thompson (fighter) (born 1983), mixed martial arts fighter signed with the UFC
Luka Dončić, professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks

Video games
Wonder Boy, a video game series by Sega
Wonder Boy (video game), the first game in the series

See also
Boy Wonder (disambiguation)
Wonder Man (disambiguation)
William Laird III

William Ramsey Laird III (June 2, 1916 – January 7, 1974) was a United States senator from West Virginia. Born in Keswick, California, he was educated in the public schools. He graduated from Greenbrier Military School, King College (in Bristol, Tennessee) and from West Virginia University in 1944. During the Second World War he served in the United States Navy. He was admitted to the bar in 1944 and commenced the practice of law in West Virginia; he was a member of West Virginia Board of Education in 1955 and a member of the board of directors of Merchants National Bank, Montgomery, West Virginia and the Upper Kanawha Valley Development Association. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Laird Foundation in Montgomery and was State tax commissioner in 1955–1956, when he resigned, having been appointed to the U.S. Senate on March 13, 1956, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Harley M. Kilgore. A Democrat, he served from March 13, 1956, to November 6, 1956. He was not a candidate for election to fill the vacancy and resumed the practice of law in Fayetteville and Montgomery.

Laird died in Montgomery in 1974; his remains were interred in Huse Memorial Park, Fayetteville.

He had three children, including William Laird IV.

References

1916 births
1974 deaths
Military personnel from West Virginia
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Democratic Party United States senators from West Virginia
Greenbrier Military School alumni
People from Montgomery, West Virginia
People from Shasta County, California
United States Navy sailors
West Virginia Democrats
West Virginia lawyers
West Virginia University alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers
Satellite chromosome

Satellite or SAT chromosomes are chromosomes that contain secondary constructs that serve as identification. They are observed in Acrocentric chromosomes.  In addition to the centromere, one or more secondary constrictions can be observed in some chromosomes at metaphase. These chromosomes are called satellite chromosomes. In humans it is usually associated with the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome, such as in the chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, & 22. The Y chromosome can also contain satellites, although these are thought to be translocations from autosomes. The secondary constriction always keeps its position, so it can be used as markers to identify specific chromosomes. 

The name derives from the small chromosomal segment behind the secondary constriction, called a satellite, named by Sergei Navashin, in 1912. Later, Heitz (1931) qualified the secondary constriction as the SAT state (Sine Acido Thymonucleinico, which means "without thymonucleic acid"), because it didn't stain with the Feulgen reaction. With time, the term "SAT-chromosome" simply became a synonym and also an abbreviation for satellite chromosome. 

The satellite at metaphase appears to be attached to the chromosomes by a thread of chromatin. 

SAT-chromosomes whose secondary constriction is associated with the formation of the nucleolus are referred to as nucleolar SAT-chromosomes. There are at least 4 SAT chromosomes in each diploid nucleus, and the constriction corresponds to a nucleolar organizer (NOR), a region containing multiple copies of the 18S and 28S ribosomal genes that synthesize ribosomal RNA required by ribosomes. The appearance of secondary constrictions at NORs is thought to be due to rRNA transcription and/or structural features of the nucleolus impeding chromosome condensation.

References

Chromosomes
The Compleat Beatles

The Compleat Beatles, released in 1982, is a two-hour documentary chronicling the career of the Beatles.

Narrated by actor Malcolm McDowell, it includes extensive interviews with a number of sources close to the Beatles. Some of the people interviewed are producer George Martin, their first manager Allan Williams, Cavern Club DJ Bob Wooler, music writer Bill Harry, and musicians Gerry Marsden, Billy J. Kramer, Marianne Faithfull, Billy Preston, Lenny Kaye, and Tony Sheridan. The film also includes archival footage of interviews with members of the Beatles and their manager Brian Epstein. Authors Nicholas Schaffner and Wilfrid Mellers are among the commentators who offer their views on the band's career. The Compleat Beatles also features early concert footage, behind-the-scenes background on the making of their albums, and candid footage of their often obsessed, hysterical fans.

Directed by Patrick Montgomery, the film was produced by Delilah Films/Electronic Arts Pictures and released theatrically by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists in 1984.

Video releases

The Compleat Beatles was initially released as a PBS documentary in the United States, and then on VHS, Betamax, CED and Laserdisc that same year on the MGM/UA Home Video label.  The 1982 Laserdisc was released in both Analogue and Stereo versions, as well as being released in Japan and England (in PAL format) in 1983.

References

External links
 

1982 films
Rockumentaries
American documentary films
1982 documentary films
Documentary films about the Beatles
Television programmes about the Beatles
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
Florida State Road 82

State Road 82 (SR 82) is a 29-mile-long east–west highway serving northern Lee and Collier County, Florida (and "clipping" the southwest corner of Hendry County).  The western terminus is an intersection with Cleveland Avenue (US 41-SR 45, part of the Tamiami Trail) in Fort Myers; the eastern terminus is an intersection with SR 29 midway between Immokalee and Felda.

Route description
State Road 82 begins in Downtown Fort Myers at US 41.  Motorists continuing past the western terminus of SR 82 travel along McGregor Boulevard (SR 867). Other State Roads within a few blocks of the western terminus include SR 80 (western terminus located two blocks to the north) and SR 739-Business US 41  to the east.

Between Business US 41 (SR 739) and Interstate 75 (SR 93), SR 82 is a divided residential/commuter road.  Within the city of Fort Myers, it is known as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.

After intersecting Interstate 75, it continues east and passes close to Lehigh Acres.  SR 82 intersects Daniels Parkway and Gunnery Road at a continuous-flow intersection near Lehigh Acres. As it continues east, it crosses the southwest Florida farmlands and wetlands, a part of Big Cypress Swamp and the western edge of the Everglades drainage system.  After clipping the southwest corner of Hendry County, SR 82 enters Collier County and it loses its median and becomes a two-lane agricultural road before coming to an end at State Road 29 just north of Immokalee.

History
The route was designated State Road 184 until 1945, when it was changed to State Road 82 as part of a state-wide renumbering.

Until the 1980s, SR 82 was an "interrupted" state road, for there was concurrently a Fort Lauderdale street (Davie Boulevard) with SR 82 signage.  As part of a statewide renumbering, Davie Boulevard's SR 82 signage was replaced with signs showing its current designation, SR 736.

Prior to 1991, SR 82 was known as Anderson Avenue within Fort Myers before being changed to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. Anderson Avenue was named for Dr. Richard Anderson, who is believed to be the first physician to set up a practice and drug store in Fort Myers.

Much of the highway east of Lehigh Acres was upgraded and widened to a multi-lane divided highway in the late 2010s and early 2020s.  The continuous-flow intersection (CFI) at the Daniels Parkway/Gunnery Road intersection was the first CFI built in Florida, which became fully operational on July 9, 2019.

Future
The Florida Department of Transportation is planning to widen the remaining undivided two-lane segment in Collier County. 
Construction is underway to widen SR 82 to four lanes from Gator Slough Lane to the terminus at SR 29.  This project also included converting the SR 29 intersection to a roundabout.  Widening for the remaining segment from the Collier County line to Gator Slough lane is currently being designed with construction slated to begin in 2023.

Major intersections

References

External links

Florida Route Log (SR 82)

082
082
082
082
State Road 082
William Doerner

William (Bill) G. Doerner (born 1949) is a professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University.  

His research has covered topics such as criminal justice, delinquency, law enforcement, police management and procedures, and victimology.

Biography
Doerner was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.  He graduated from Fairfield University (in Fairfield, Connecticut) with a B.A. in Sociology in 1971.  Continuing directly into graduate studies, he received his M.A. from Emory University (in Atlanta, Georgia) two years later and his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Tennessee (in Knoxville, Tennessee) in 1977.  While working on his dissertation, he taught and conducted research at Marquette University (in Milwaukee, Wisconsin).  Upon completion of his doctoral studies, he accepted a position in the College of Criminology & Criminal Justice at Florida State University where he currently teaches courses to undergraduate and graduate students.

Several years after beginning as an assistant professorship, a neighbor invited him to ride along with county sheriff deputies.  In 1980, he began working as a part-time reserve officer with the Tallahassee Police Department.  Besides serving as a one-person patrol unit, he lectured at the state established Pat Thomas Law Enforcement Academy, evaluated police training programs, and provided in-service training to dispatchers and veteran officers.  In the 1990s, he conducted a police training seminar for the National Police Academy in Costa Rica that was sponsored by the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Florida/Costa Rica (FLORICA ) Linkage Institute.  Doerner retired from policing in 2010.

Throughout his academic career, Doerner has drawn on his practical experiences in law enforcement to write several textbooks and over sixty journal articles, book chapters, reviews, and monographs.  He has served as editor for the American Journal of Criminal Justice and on the board of directors for the Southern Criminal Justice Association.  In 2009, he was recognized for "significant contributions to the field of victimology and victim services" by the American Society of Victimology.

Selected publications
Text Books
 
 
 
 
 

Journal Articles

References

External links
 Florida State University faculty profile 

1949 births
Living people
Writers from Bridgeport, Connecticut
American criminologists
American textbook writers
American male non-fiction writers
Fairfield University alumni
Emory University alumni
University of Tennessee alumni
Florida State University faculty
Edwin G. Booz

Edwin George Booz (September 2, 1887 - October 1, 1951) was an American management consultant, businessman and corporate executive. He co-founded the consulting firm, Booz Allen Hamilton.

Biography

Early life and career 
Booz was born in 1887 in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Thomas H. Booz and Sarah (Spencer) Booz. At the Kellogg School at Northwestern University he obtained his bachelor's degree in economics in 1912, and his master's degree in psychology in 1914. Two years after his graduation Booz founded the Business Research Service in 1914. His business was briefly put on hold while he served in the Army from 1917-1919. The business he founded would eventually become known as Booz Allen Hamilton.

Retirement and death 
Booz retired partially from the firm in 1946 and died of a stroke in October 1951.

References

External links 
 Edwin G. Booz - Booz Allen Hamilton
 Edwin Abl

1887 births
1951 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
American consultants
Booz Allen Hamilton people
Kellogg School of Management alumni
Northwestern University alumni
20th-century American male writers
People from Reading, Pennsylvania
Asclettin, Count of Acerenza

Asclettin was the first count of Acerenza, one of the twelve leaders of the Norman mercenaries of Guaimar IV of Salerno who conquered much of Apulia between 1038 and 1042. In the latter year, the division of the conquests twelvefold was made and Asclettin received his portion.

Asclettin arrived in 1016 with his older brothers Osmond and Gilbert. He was a member of the Drengot family and his brother Rainulf Drengot was the first Norman to hold any land in the south: he was the first count of Aversa. Rainulf was succeeded by Asclettin's son and namesake, Asclettin. Asclettin was also the father of Prince Richard I of Capua and Count Ranulf I of Caiazzo.

Italo-Normans
11th-century French people
Norman mercenaries
Norman warriors
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Robert Sangster Stakes

The Robert Sangster Stakes, is a South Australian Jockey Club Group 1 Thoroughbred Weight for Age horse race for fillies and mares two (2) years old and upwards, over a distance of 1200 metres at the Morphettville Racecourse Adelaide, Australia in the Autumn Carnival. Prize money is A$502,250

History
The race was held in February prior to 2006. After rescheduling of the Adelaide Cup Carnival the SAJC moved the race to the autumn.

In 2005 the race was renamed the Robert Sangster Stakes after prolific owner and breeder Robert Sangster who died in 2004.

Robert Sangster was the principal of Swettenham Stud and the renaming recognises his contribution to the Australian thoroughbred industry.

Name

1983–2004 - Swettenham Stud Stakes
2005–2009 - Robert Sangster Stakes
2010–2014 - Sportingbet Classic
2015 - William Hill Classic
2016–2018 - Ubet Classic
2019 onwards - TAB Classic

Grade
 1983 - Special Race
1984–1985 - Listed Race
1986–2003 - Group 3
 2004 - Group 2
2005 onwards - Group 1

Venue

The race was run in 2002 at Cheltenham Park over a 
distance of 1250 metres.

Records

The race record time for running of the 1200 metres is held by Umaline in a time of 1:08.14 in 2001.

Most wins by a trainer - 3 times: 
Lee Freedman - 2005–07
Mick Price - 1998, 2004, 2009

Winners

 2023 - Ruthless Dame
 2022 - Snapdancer
 2021 - Instant Celebrity
 2020 - Bella Vella
 2019 - Spright
 2018 - Shoals
 2017 - Secret Agenda
 2016 - Precious Gem
 2015 - Miracles Of Life
 2014 - Driefontein
 2013 - Platelet
 2012 - Black Caviar
 2011 - Response
 2010 - Rostova
 2009 - Bel Mer
 2008 - Juste Momente
 2007 - Universal Queen
 2006 - Ellicorsam
 2005 - Alinghi
 2004 - French Bid
 2003 - Our Egyptian Raine
 2002 - Suzy Grey
 2001 - Umaline
 2000 - Rain Dance Lady
 1999 - Dantelah
 1998 - Spirit Of Love
 1997 - Apple Danish
 1996 - Mad Shavril
 1995 - Viminaria
 1994 - Tarare
 1993 - True Spirit
 1992 - Western Chorus
 1991 - With Me
 1990 - Leica Western
 1989 - Tree Of Renown
 1988 - Even True
 1987 - Wicked Smile
 1986 - Lost Art
 1985 - Showport
 1984 - Vatican Lass
 1983 - Ranee’s Palace

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Group 1 stakes races in Australia
Sprint category horse races for fillies and mares
Sport in Adelaide
William Chilton

William Chilton  may refer to:

 William Chilton (printer) (1815–1855), printer, Owenite Socialist, atheist, evolutionist, and co-founder of The Oracle of Reason
 William E. Chilton (1858–1939), United States Senator
 William Parish Chilton (1810–1871), Alabama lawyer, jurist and politician
Aramingo Borough, Pennsylvania

Aramingo Borough was a borough that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854.

History
Aramingo Borough was created out of the Northern Liberties Township and was incorporated on April 11, 1850. Bounded on the northeast by a portion of the Bridesburg and Frankford Creek, which divided it from a portion of Oxford Township and Frankford; on the northwest the unincorporated Northern Liberties, and the Northern Liberties District were boundaries, the latter partly on the southwest; and Richmond District on the southeast and southwest.

The name is an abbreviation and alteration from the Native American name of the stream adjacent, called by the Swedes and English, Gunner’s Run. The original name was Tumanaraming, meaning "Wolf Walk." By cutting off a portion of the beginning, and omitting two letters in the center and adding an o, the word "Aramingo" was coined.

Today 
Aramingo Avenue is a major road in Port Richmond, Fishtown, and other neighborhoods in near-Northeast Philadelphia.  It is home to many stores and shopping plazas.

Resources
Chronology of the Political Subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683-1854 ()
Information courtesy of ushistory.org
Incorporated District, Boroughs, and Townships in the County of Philadelphia, 1854 By Rudolph J. Walther - excerpted from the book at the ushistory.org website

Municipalities in Philadelphia County prior to the Act of Consolidation, 1854
Populated places established in 1850
1854 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Euphorbia tirucalli

Euphorbia tirucalli (commonly known as Indian tree spurge, naked lady, pencil tree, pencil cactus, fire stick, aveloz or milk bush) is a tree native to Africa that grows in semi-arid tropical climates. A hydrocarbon plant, it produces a poisonous latex that can cause temporary blindness.

Description

The pencil tree is a shrub or small tree with pencil-thick, green, smooth, succulent branches that reaches heights of up to . It has a cylindrical and fleshy stem with fragile succulent twigs that are  thick, often produced in whorls, longitudinally, finely striated. The oval leaves are  long and about  wide; they usually fall off early. It contains a milky, toxic and corrosive sap. The yellow flowers are at the ends of the branches.

Habitat
It has a wide distribution in Africa in black clay soils, being prominently present in northeastern, central and southern Africa. It may also be native in other parts of the continent as well as some surrounding islands and the Arabian peninsula and has been introduced to many other tropical regions, such as Brazil, India, Vietnam, the Philippines and Ghana. It grows in dry areas, especially the savanna, and is often used to feed cattle or as hedging. It is well known in Sri Lanka where it is called Kalli in Tamil, as mentioned in the Akananuru by the Sri Lankan Tamil poet Eelattu Poothanthevanar and in  Weradi Navahandi or Gass Nawahandi.

Toxicology
The milky latex from E. tirucalli is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa and is toxic. Exposure to it can cause temporary blindness. Skin contact causes severe irritation, redness and a burning sensation. If ingested, it can cause burns to the mouth, lips and tongue. It is suggested to wear eye protection gear and gloves for handling the plant.

Traditional medicine
Euphorbia tirucalli is used as alternative medicine in many cultures. Attempts have been made to use it to treat cancer, excrescence, tumors, warts, asthma, cough, earache, neuralgia, rheumatism, and toothaches in countries including Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

Euphorbia tirucalli has been promoted as an anticancer agent, but research shows that it suppresses the immune system, promotes tumor growth, and leads to the development of certain types of cancer. Euphorbia tirucalli has also been associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and is thought to be a cofactor of the disease rather than a treatment.

Uses
Its latex can also be used as fuel. This led chemist Melvin Calvin to propose the exploitation of E. tirucalli for producing oil. This usage is particularly appealing because of the ability of E. tirucalli to grow on land that is not suitable for most other crops. Calvin estimated that 10 to 50 barrels of oil per acre was achievable. In the 1980s the Brazilian national petroleum company Petrobras began experiments based on these ideas. It has also been used in the production of rubber, but neither have been very successful.

Gallery

See also
 List of ineffective cancer treatments
 List of vegetable oils
 Biodiesel

References

External links

tirucalli
tirucalli
Least concern plants
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Africa
Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia

The Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia (; LBAS) is the only national trade union center in Latvia. It was founded in 1990 as a reformation of the Soviet era trade unions. LBAS is the biggest non-governmental organisation in Latvia which protects the interests of professional trade union members and employees on the branch and interbranch level. LBAS coordinates the cooperation between 23 independent Latvian trade unions, represents and protects the interests of its members in the national and international institutions, implements a joint working programme.

The purpose of LBAS activities is to protect the interests of trade union members. The main principle of operation is solidarity, i.e. joint coordinated actions of the affiliates. LBAS represents its members' interests and protects their rights in the socio-economic field.

Together with the government and Latvian Employers' Confederation, LBAS works in the National Tripartite Cooperation Council. LBAS observes the principles of social dialogue in the cooperation with the social partners.

LBAS participates in the elaboration of economic and social development programmes, in the evaluation of draft laws, in working groups on improvement of labour conditions, salaries, tariff policies, compulsory social insurance and social guaranties, healthcare as well as employment, vocational education and lifelong learning.

LBAS represents the interests of its members in:
 National Tripartite Cooperation Council and its Sub-councils;
 State and municipal institutions;
 courts.

LBAS provides consultations to the trade union members on concluding the collective agreements, participated in revision of labour disputes, social and economic discords. At present LBAS unites more than 15% of all workers of Latvian almost 2900 state, municipal and private enterprises.

LBAS is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation and the Baltic Sea Trade Union Network - BASTUN.

See also

References

External links
 Official site 

Trade unions in Latvia
International Trade Union Confederation
European Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions established in 1990
Tim Young (basketball)

Timothy Aaron Young (born February 6, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player.

Young, a seven-foot center, played collegiately at Stanford University and was selected in the 1999 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors with the 27th pick of the second round (56th overall). He lasted 25 games with the Warriors in the 1999-2000 NBA season, averaging 2.2 points and 1.4 rebounds.

Young went to Harbor High School in Santa Cruz.

NBA career statistics

Regular season 

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 1999–00
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 25 || 0 || 5.5 || .333 || .000 || .778 || 1.4 || .2 || .1 || .0 || 2.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 25 || 0 || 5.5 || .333 || .000 || .778 || 1.4 || .2 || .1 || .0 || 2.2

External links
 
College & NBA stats @ basketball-reference.com
NBA Draft '99 @ sportsillustrated.cnn.com
Scouting report @ ibiblio.org

1976 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Baloncesto León players
Basketball players from California
Cantabria Baloncesto players
Centers (basketball)
Gijón Baloncesto players
Golden State Warriors draft picks
Golden State Warriors players
Polonia Warszawa (basketball) players
Sportspeople from Santa Cruz, California
Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski players
Stanford Cardinal men's basketball players
Tim Young

Timothy or Tim Young may refer to:
Tim Young (basketball) (born 1976), American basketball player
Tim Young (ice hockey) (born 1955), Canadian ice hockey forward
Tim Young (baseball) (born 1973), American baseball pitcher
Tim Young (American rower) (born 1969), American rower
Tim Young (Australian rower) (born 1956), Australian rower
Timothy R. Young (1811–1898), U.S. Representative from Illinois
Timothy Young (Saw), a character in the Saw films
Robert Scalio

Robert of Hauteville (c. 1068 – April 1110), called Scalio, was the third and youngest son of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, and his second wife Sikelgaita. 

He may have served his elder half-brother Bohemond and his father in their Balkan expeditions of 1084–1085. He was a loyal servant of his eldest brother Roger Borsa, whom he accompanied to Palermo in 1086. He undersigned various documents of Roger's and died in April 1110.

Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
1110 deaths
Year of birth uncertain