alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Minoru

Minoru is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

, Japanese former president of Nintendo of America
, Japanese actor
, Japanese professional wrestler
, Japanese naval general
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese martial artist
, Japanese astronomer
, Japanese voice actor
, Japanese film director and screenwriter
Minoru Ito (disambiguation), multiple people
Minoru Kawasaki (disambiguation), multiple people
Minoru Kihara (disambiguation), multiple people
Minoru Kimura (born 1993), Brazilian kickboxer
, Japanese handball player
, Japanese professional Go player
, Japanese astronomer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese musician
, Japanese business executive
, Japanese composer and artistic director
, Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese martial artist
, Japanese businessman
, Japanese musician
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese ice hockey player
, an abstract sculptor
, Japanese classical pianist
, Japanese rear admiral
, Japanese solo yachtsman
, Japanese scientist/inventor
, Japanese voice actor
, Japanese professional wrestler and mixed martial artist
, Japanese volleyball player
Minoru Tanaka (disambiguation), multiple people
, Japanese volleyball player and coach
, Japanese football referee
, Japanese mathematician
, Japanese comedian
, Japanese ski jumper
, Japanese actor
, Japanese voice actor
, Japanese classical composer
Minoru Yamasaki (1912–1986), American architect who designed the World Trade Center
, Japanese politician
, American lawyer

Fictional characters
Minoru Edajima, from the anime Onegai Teacher
Nico Minoru, from the Marvel Comics series Runaways (comics)
 Minoru “Minnow” Ito, from the novel We Are Not Free by Traci Chee
 Minoru Kohinata, from the manga Karate Shoukoushi Kohinata Minoru by Baba Yasushi
 Minoru, from the Fireworks, Should We See It from the Side or the Bottom?
 Minoru Mineta (峰田 実), from the manga and anime My Hero Academia
 Minoru Minorikawa (御法川 実), from the original 428: Shibuya Scramble

Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names
Cyprès et lauriers

Cyprès et Lauriers, Op. 156, for Organ and Orchestra was written by Camille Saint-Saëns in 1919 to celebrate the Allied victory in World War I and dedicated to then President of France, Raymond Poincaré.

Structure
The composition is structured in two movements:

 Cyprès (Poco adagio)
 Lauriers (Allegro non troppo)

Lasting not quite twenty minutes, the piece is program music divided into two parts. The first, "cyprès" ("cypress"), is a mournful dirge adagio for organ solo, recalling a mournful cypress. Once the orchestra makes its entrance, there is an uplifting and sprightly interplay between the organ and orchestra, reminiscent of a militaristic march (hence the "lauriers", or "laurels") that makes liberal use of brass and a large percussion band (unusually including a snare drum).

Reception
One of Saint-Saëns' more unusual compositions, this piece has not secured the same status as his Third Symphony, written for similar ensemble 31 years earlier. This might be because Cyprès et Lauriers is shorter and markedly less profound and sweeping nature than its predecessor.  The instrumentation bears note: whereas the Third Symphony was written with the organ incorporated as a member of the orchestral ensemble, something that would bear repetition (most famously in Richard Strauss's Also sprach Zarathustra), Cyprès et Lauriers is structured in traditional concerto form with the organ as soloist.

References
Notes

Sources

External links

Compositions by Camille Saint-Saëns
Compositions for organ
Music for orchestra and organ
1919 compositions
Getcha Back

"Getcha Back" is a song written by Mike Love and Terry Melcher for the American rock band the Beach Boys, on their 1985 album The Beach Boys. It was the band's first release since the drowning death of Dennis Wilson in 1983. The song peaked at number 26 nationally and number two on the Adult Contemporary chart.

Musically, the backing vocals resemble those from the 1959 hit "Hushabye" by the Mystics, which the Beach Boys had covered in 1964 for their All Summer Long album. Comparisons could also be made to Bruce Springsteen's 1980 hit "Hungry Heart", which Love later recorded a cover of for a tribute album. The AllMusic review by William Ruhlmann stated that "despite the production sheen provided by Steve Levine (of Culture Club fame), this is another competent but uninspired effort."

Reception
Cash Box said the song "so wonderously recalls [the Beach Boys'] earlier times and earlier sounds."

Music video
The music video, directed by Dominic Orlando, was filmed on location in Malibu and Venice, California. It featured a then-unknown Katherine Kelly Lang, who went on to play Brooke Logan on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.

Personnel
Credits sourced from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.

The Beach Boys
Al Jardine - backing vocals
Bruce Johnston - backing vocals
Mike Love - lead and backing vocals
Brian Wilson - co-lead and backing vocals
Carl Wilson - backing vocals

Session musicians
John Alder - electric and acoustic guitars
Graham Broad - jingle stick, tambourine, castanets, maracas, bongos
Steve Grainger - baritone saxophone
Steve Levine - Fairlight CMI and LinnDrum programming
Julian Lindsay - Kurzweil K250, PPG Wave 2.3, Yamaha DX1, bass guitar
Terry Melcher - backing vocals, Kurzweil K250

Chart positions

Cover versions

Mark McGrath, lead singer of the California rock band Sugar Ray, performed a cover of this song for the soundtrack of Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005). The Beach Boys version appears at the beginning, during the flashback of Herbie's racing career, during the opening credits.

Mike Love re-recorded the song for his 2017 solo album Unleash the Love. This version features altered lyrics and a new third verse, and features John Stamos on percussion.

References

1985 songs
1985 singles
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Mike Love
Songs written by Terry Melcher
Song recordings produced by Steve Levine
It's Gettin' Late

"It's Gettin' Late" is a song written by Carl Wilson, Myrna Smith Schilling and Robert White Johnson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1985 album The Beach Boys and as a single with "It's O.K."

Billboard compared it to the Beach Boys' previous single "Getcha Back" which was about "teen reminiscence" saying that "It's Getting Late" brings the group's "harmonic tapestry hauntingly into the adult world."

The music video directed by Dominic Orlando, was filmed on location in Malibu, California, two months after Getcha Back.

Personnel
Credits sourced from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.

The Beach Boys
Al Jardine – backing vocals
Bruce Johnston – backing vocals
Mike Love – backing vocals
Brian Wilson – backing vocals
Carl Wilson – lead and backing vocals, Yamaha DX1, electric guitar

Session musicians
Graham Broad – hi-hat
Steve Grainger – baritone saxophone
Steve Levine – Fairlight CMI and LinnDrum programming
Julian Lindsay – Yamaha DX1, PPG Wave 2.3, Oberheim OB-8, Prophet-5, bass guitar
Kenneth McGregor – trombone
Ian Ritchie – tenor saxophone
Dave Spence – trumpet

Chart positions

References

1985 songs
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Carl Wilson
Cosmic Movement

The Cosmic Movement was the organisation established by Max Théon around 1900, in Tlemcen, Algeria, at the instigation of his wife Alma Théon, whom he declared to be the moving spirit behind the group.  Its journal was the Cosmic Review.  Other publications included the Cosmic Tradition, and other works of the Cosmic philosophy.

Among the most important of Théon's students at this time, who were involved in the Cosmic Movement, in Tlemcen and later in Paris, were Charles Barlet, Mirra Alfassa, Paul Richard, and Louis Themanlys. 

According to Pascal Themanlys, other active contributors of the Cosmic Movement included Rene Caillie, the writer Marc Semenoff, the typesetter Jacques Janin, the painters Jacques Blot and Louis Bouchet, the architect Louis Berthaud, Maurice Ben Haroche, the Baroness of Eichthal, among others.

Also interested in the cosmic work were Tomáš Masaryk (who became the first President of Czechoslovakia), the poets Helene Vacaresco and Anna de Noailles, Dr Serge Voronoff, the occultist Edouard Schure, the psychologist Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, the Princess of Rohan in Vienna, the Hellenist Mario Meunier, General Zinovy Peshkov, the Marchioness Ali Maccarani of Florence, and others.

External links
 Le Mouvement Cosmique by Pascal Themanlys (in French)

Max Théon
Torture Killer

Torture Killer is a Finnish death metal band from Turku, formed in 2002.

The band consists of five members: guitarists Jari Laine and Tuomas Karppinen, bassist Kim Torniainen, drummer Tuomo Latvala and the current vocalist Pessi Haltsonen. The band was originally a Six Feet Under cover band adopting their moniker from a Six Feet Under song, but soon began composing and performing original material in the same vein. Chris Barnes, the original singer for Cannibal Corpse and current singer for Six Feet Under, officially joined Torture Killer as lead singer in November 2005 and was a part of the recording of the album Swarm!. He left the band in January 2008. Barnes was not involved with their live performances while a part of the band.

The partnership with Barnes continued after the Swarm! period with Jari Laine writing the music for three songs on the 2013 Six Feet Under album Unborn: "Incision"; "Inferno"; "Zombie Blood Curse".  A fourth, unreleased Laine-penned track from the Unborn period, "Midnight In Hell", was eventually released on the 2018 digital Six Feet Under album, "Unburied".

Barnes also contributed the lyrics and vocals to the track "Written in Blood" on the 2013 Torture Killer album Phobia.

In June 2022, the band released the title track to their upcoming EP, Dead Inside, which was released on July 29.

Members

Current 
Jari Laine – guitar (2002–present)
Tuomo Latvala – drums (2002–present)
Tuomas Karppinen – guitar (2004–present), bass (2002–2004)
Kim Torniainen – bass (2004–present)
Pessi "Nekrosis" Haltsonen – vocals (2011–present)

Former 
Matti Liuke – vocals (2002–2004)
Taneli Hatakka – guitar (2002–2004)
Chris Barnes – vocals (2005–2008)
Juri Sallinen – vocals (2008–2011)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums 
 For Maggots to Devour (2003)
 Swarm! (2006)
 Sewers (2009)
 Phobia (2013)

EPs 
 Torture Killer/Sotajumala (2005) (split EP w/ Sotajumala)
 I Chose Death (2012)
 Dead Inside (2022)

References

External links 
 

Finnish death metal musical groups
Metal Blade Records artists
Musical groups established in 2002
2002 establishments in Finland
Musical groups from Turku
Slide (wind instrument)

A slide is a part of a wind instrument consisting of two (or more) pieces of tubing fitted one closely inside the other, and used to vary the overall length of the tube, and therefore the pitch of the instrument. Often two sets of tubes are used, with a U bend attaching them; this arrangement is called a single slide. A double slide, where two U-shaped slides are braced together and move on four inner tubes, is found on the B♭ contrabass trombone.

Slides are used in three main ways:

 In instruments such as the trombone and slide whistle, moving the slide is the way to select the note while playing. Attempts to adapt other wind instruments to use slides instead of tone holes, keys or valves have been tried; for example a slide saxophone was invented in the 1920s by Chicago instrument maker Reiffel & Husted.
 On most brass instruments, a tuning slide is used to adjust the main pitch of the instrument before playing. A modern double or triple french horn has several tuning slides, which are sometimes moved during performance.
 In instruments such as the trumpet and tuba, small valve slides are moved manually or by means of a trigger while playing, to correct the pitch of the note selected by the valves.

References

Further reading
 

Musical instrument parts and accessories
Brass instrument parts and accessories
The Underground Spiritual Game

The Underground Spiritual Game is a compilation of twelve tracks by Fela Kuti, selected and mixed by Blackalicious producer Chief Xcel.

Track listing
"Intro" – 0:26
"Ololufe Mi" – 1:08
"Trouble Sleep Yanga Wake Am" – 2:35
"Look and Laugh" – 4:18
"Mr Grammarticologylisationalism Is the Boss" – 8:02
"Monkey Banana" – 2:19
"Ariya" – 5:27
"Unnecessary Begging" – 8:35
"Swegbe & Pako" – 3:37
"Mr. Follow Follow" – 5:52
"Africa Center of the World" – 17:22

References 

2004 compilation albums
Fela Kuti albums
World music compilation albums
She Believes in Love Again

"She Believes in Love Again" is a song written by Bruce Johnston for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1985 album The Beach Boys. The song was re-recorded during the That's Why God Made the Radio sessions but was not included on the final track list.

Personnel
Credits sourced from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.

The Beach Boys
Bruce Johnston – lead (verses) and backing vocals, Kurzweil K250
Mike Love – backing vocals
Carl Wilson – lead (chorus) and backing vocals

Session musicians
Graham Broad – hi-hat, congas, shaker
Jeffrey Foskett – backing vocals
Stuart Gordon – violins, violas, cellos
Steve Levine – Fairlight CMI programming
Julian Lindsay – Yamaha DX1, Oberheim Xpander
Kenneth McGregor – trombone
Gary Moore – electric guitars, Synthaxe

Chart positions

References 

1985 songs
1985 singles
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Bruce Johnston
Song recordings produced by Steve Levine
Homa Arjomand

Homa Arjomand (born 1952) is an Iranian political activist, resident in Canada, where she is a member of the International Campaign against the Sharia Court and the Director of Children First Now.

She has received the "Humanist of the Year" award from Humanist Canada.

External links
Homa Arjomand, Speech on "Emerging Issues in Women’s Equality – A look at Sharia Law"

Canadian feminists
Canadian humanists
1952 births
Living people
Worker-communism Unity Party of Iran politicians
Iranian communists
Date of birth missing (living people)
Goswell

Goswell may be a reference to:

Goswell Road, a road in the London Borough of Islington; or
Rachel Goswell, singer-songwriter and member of several bands including Slowdive.
Grated cheese

Grated cheese is cheese that has been grated. Typically, aged hard cheeses are used. Cheese can be grated by hand using a  hand grater, and can be bought already grated. Commercial grated cheeses are often blends of cheeses.

Shredded cheese is coarser and cooks differently.

Popular types of grated cheese:
 Cheshire cheese
 Parmesan
 Reggianito
 Red Leicester
 Cheddar cheese
 Edam cheese

See also
 Pizza party

References

External links

Characteristics of cheese
George W. Malone

George Wilson Malone (August 7, 1890 – May 19, 1961) was an American civil engineer and Republican politician.

Early life
Malone was born in Fredonia, Kansas. As a young man he moved to Reno, Nevada and worked as a civil and hydraulic engineer there while he was attending the University of Nevada, Reno.

Military service
Malone graduated from college in 1917, and he enlisted in the military when the United States entered World War I. At first, he served in the artillery, but he eventually became a regimental intelligence officer and served in England and France until 1919.

Civilian career
Malone then returned to work in engineering. He served as the state engineer of Nevada from 1927 to 1935.

Political career
Malone entered politics in 1934 when he made his first attempt to be elected to the United States Senate from Nevada. He was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Key Pittman, receiving 33 percent of the vote. During World War II Malone worked for the Senate as an engineering consultant on war materials. Malone ran again for a seat in the United States Senate in 1944, this time against Democratic incumbent Pat McCarran. Malone was defeated again, receiving 41 percent of the vote.

Malone successfully campaigned for a seat in the Senate in 1946. He defeated the Democratic candidate, former Senator Berkeley L. Bunker, receiving 55 percent of the vote. Malone was reelected to the Senate in 1952, receiving 51 percent of the vote. He was defeated for re-election in 1958 by Democrat Howard W. Cannon, receiving 42 percent of the vote. He served in the Senate from 1947 to 1959.

Retirement
Malone continued to live in Washington, D.C. until his death, working as an engineering consultant. He made a final political campaign in 1960, for a seat in the United States House of Representatives from Nevada, but was defeated. Malone is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Sources

1890 births
1961 deaths
20th-century American engineers
American military personnel of World War I
People from Fredonia, Kansas
Republican Party United States senators from Nevada
Nevada Republicans
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Washington, D.C., Republicans
University of Nevada, Reno alumni
20th-century American politicians
Where I Belong (Rachel Proctor album)

Where I Belong is the debut studio album by American country music artist Rachel Proctor. It was released on BNA Records in 2004 as her only studio album to date. Four singles were released from this album between 2003 and 2004: "Days Like This", "Didn't I", "Me and Emily", and the title track. "Me and Emily" was the highest-charting of these four, reaching #18 on the Billboard country charts.

Track listing

Personnel
Tim Akers- keyboards, piano
Tom Bukovac- electric guitar
J.T. Corenflos- electric guitar
Eric Darken- percussion
Larry Franklin- fiddle
Paul Franklin- steel guitar
Kenny Greenburg- electric guitar
Aubrey Haynie- fiddle
Wes Hightower- background vocals
Troy Lancaster- electric guitar
Hillary Lindsey- background vocals
Brent Mason- electric guitar
Kim Parent- background vocals
Rachel Proctor- lead vocals
Karyn Rochelle- background vocals
Jason Sellers- background vocals
Jimmie Lee Sloas- bass guitar
Biff Watson- acoustic guitar
Lonnie Wilson- drums
Glenn Worf- bass guitar
Darryl Worley- background vocals 
Jonathan Yudkin- fiddle

Chart performance

References

2004 debut albums
BNA Records albums
Rachel Proctor albums
Albums produced by Chris Lindsey
Washio

Washio ( characters for "eagle" and "tail") is a Japanese surname. People named Washio include:

Eiichiro Washio (born 1977), Japanese politician
Isako Washio (born 1967), Japanese actress
Machiko Washio (born 1949), Japanese voice actress and actress
Mie Washio, Japanese manga artist
Uko Washio (1892–1951), Japanese novelist
Sir James Carmichael-Smyth, 1st Baronet

Major-General Sir James Carmichael-Smyth, 1st Baronet,  (22 February 17794 March 1838) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator.

Biography

Early life and family
Carmichael-Smyth was born in London the eldest son of Scottish physician and medical writer, James Carmichael Smyth and Mary Holyland. His younger brother Henry Carmichael-Smyth, would achieve distinction as an officer serving the East India Company and for being the step-father of William Makepeace Thackeray.

Carmichael Smyth married Harriet Morse, daughter of Robert Morse, on 28May 1816 and they had one son.

Career
He was educated at Charterhouse School and the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, London before joining the Royal Engineers in March 1795 as a second lieutenant. One of the chief engineering officers of the British Army in Southern Africa between 1795 and 1808, he then went to Spain under Lieutenant-general Sir John Moore in 1808–9. From 1813 to 1815 he was stationed in the Low Countries and was present at the ill-fated Siege of Bergen op Zoom in 1814 before going on to command the Royal Corps of Engineers & Sappers at Waterloo. Prior to the battle, Smyth had created a plan of the ground that allowed Wellington to place his troops rapidly and advantageously.

In 1818 he was on Wellington's staff at the Board of Ordnance and was made a baronet in August 1821. He was sent by Wellington in 1823 to survey the defences in the Low Countries and the British West Indies and in 1825 to repeat the operation in British North America. He was promoted major-general in May 1825 and, after carrying out some engineering works in Ireland, was made Governor of the Bahamas in May 1829. In June 1833 he was transferred to be Governor of British Guiana, where he had to deal with the problems of the emancipation of slaves

Between 1815 and 1831 He had published eight volumes on the subjects of military engineering, defence, and slavery.

Death
He died of an illness on 4March 1838 in Georgetown, Guiana.

Notes

References

Further reading

 

1779 births
1838 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
British governors of the Bahamas
Governors of British Guiana
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Recipients of the Waterloo Medal
Royal Engineers officers
Scottish medical writers
Writers from London
British Army major generals
Avalon (Avalon album)

Avalon is Avalon's first studio album, released in December 1996 on Sparrow Records.  It includes a cover of the hymn "My Jesus, I Love Thee" and the Andrae Crouch song "Jesus Is Lord".  Produced by Charlie Peacock, Avalon catapulted the smooth quartet into the Christian music scene, with four No. 1 radio hits and a Dove Award from the Gospel Music Association in 1998 for "New Artist of the Year".

Track listing

Personnel 

Avalon
 Janna Long – vocals
 Jody McBrayer – vocals
 Nikki Hassman-Anders – vocals
 Michael Passons – vocals

Musicians
 Tony Miracle – keyboards (1–7), programming (1–7)
 Charlie Peacock – keyboards (2–7), programming (2–7)
 Pat Coil – keyboards (3, 5, 9), acoustic piano (4), programming (5)
 Tim Lauer – Hammond B3 organ (6, 7, 10)
 Rob Mathes – keyboards (8), arrangements (8)
 Tim Akers – acoustic piano (10), clavinet (10)
 Jerry McPherson – electric guitar (1–7, 9, 10), acoustic guitar (1, 6)
 Mark Baldwin – acoustic guitar (4)
 Scott Denté – acoustic guitar (7)
 Mark Hill – bass (3, 5, 9, 10)
 Jimmie Lee Sloas – bass (4)
 Brent Milligan – bass (6)
 Chris McHugh – drums (2, 3, 4, 6, 10)
 Steve Brewster – drums (5, 6, 9), drum programming (9)
 Eric Darken – percussion (6, 10)
 Mark Douthit – horns (10)
 Mike Haynes – horns (10)
 Tom Howard – string arrangements and conductor (3, 4, 5, 7)
 The Nashville String Machine – strings (3, 4, 5, 7)

Production
 Producer – Charlie Peacock 
 A&R – Grant Cunningham 
 Recorded by Shane D. Wilson
 Recording Assistants – Chad Fifield, Joe Hayden, Mel Jones, Richard Rose and Chris Schara.
 Recorded at re:Think Studio, Javelina Recording Studio and Sound Stage Studios (Nashville, TN).
 Mixing – Rick Will (Tracks 1, 4, 6, 9 & 10); Tom Laune (Tracks 2, 3, 5 & 7); Shane D. Wilson (Track 8).
 Mix Assistants – Graham Lewis (Tracks 1 & 4); Booch Skidmore (Track 2, 5, 6, 7, 9 & 10); Tony Green (Track 3).
 Mixed at Sound Stage Studios and October Studio (Nashville, TN).
 Production Coordinator – Katy Krippaehne
 Administrator – Andi Ashworth
 Art Direction – Sheri Halford
 Design – Joyce Revoir
 Additional Design – Bruce Ellefson
 Photography – Andrew Martin

Radio Singles 
 Give It Up+
 The Greatest Story+
 Picture Perfect World+
 Saviour Love
 This Love+

+ Denotes #1 Radio Hit

References

External links 
 ["Allmusic Review"]

1996 debut albums
Avalon (band) albums
Amabutho

Amabutho is the first album by the South African isicathamiya group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. It was released in 1973 by Gallo Record Company. Amabutho was the first record by black musicians in the country to receive gold disc certification (25,000 copies). It contains the hit single "Nomathemba". The LP was reissued on Gallo (in South Africa only) along with most of the group's early output, in February 2007. The members who sang on the Amabutho album were Milton Mazibuko, Ngali Mazibuko, Joseph Shabalala, Headman Shabalala, Enoch Shabalala, Albert Mazibuko and Walter Malinga

Track listing
 "Amabutho" (Warriors)
 "Isigcino" (The End)
 "Yadla Yabeletha" (It Eats Often)
 "Awu, Wemadoda" (Hey, Man!)
 "Mlaba" Thanks 
 "Ushaka" (King Shaka)
 "Nomathemba" (Hope)
 "Nqonqotha Mfana" (The Boy Knocks)
 " Sivuya Sonke we perform everywhere 
 Nkosi Yamakhosi Kings of Kings /Lord of Lords 
 " Utugela the tugela River 
 "Ngelekelele" help me

References

1973 debut albums
Ladysmith Black Mambazo albums
Dodona dipoea

Dodona dipoea, the lesser Punch, is a small but striking butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm (Tibet, Himalayas, Northeast India (hills), Burma, West China) that belongs to the Punches and Judies, that is, the family Riodinidae.

Description

From Charles Thomas Bingham (1905) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies, Vol. 1
Males and females. Upperside dark brown, with the following pale ochraceous markings: Forewing : a narrow band across middle of cell continued below in interspace 1, a slightly oblique, macular, short, narrow band beyond apex of cell with a transverse spot- below in interspace 2; a transverse discal series of spots, two in interspace 1, one each in interspaces 3, 6 and 8, followed by a postdiscal transverse series of spots, of which the spots in interspaces 4 and 5 are shifted inwards out of line, and a very obscure subterminal row of transversely linear spots somewhat as in Dodona durga. Hindwing also with the markings somewhat as in D. durga but pale dull brown rather than ochraceous, the black spots at apex and on the lobe as in D. durga. Underside ochraceous brown. Forewing: a spot at base of costal margin, basal, subbasal and discal oblique transverse bands, the last macular and interrupted in interspace 3, and a transverse suhterminal sinuous series of spots. Between the discal and subterminal markings is a short subcostal transverse band and a transverse spot in interspace 3; succeeding the subterminal series of spots is an obscure pale line. All the markings are white, bordered on the inner side by dusky dark-brown shadings, their terminations along the costal margin silvery. Hind wing: an ochraceous-white streak along the dorsum not reaching the tornus, similar, very slender streaks along veins 1 a and 1, a slightly broader silvery subbasal streak from costa across middle of cell, a similar streak beyond at apex of cell very slender almost interrupted along the discocellulars, a short upper discal similar streak between veins 3 and 6, followed by a slender zigzag black line margined with white from above the tornal lobe to vein 3; two black subapical white-margined spots, a large black reniform spot on the lobe and a subterminal dark reddish-brown band with pale outer and inner margins. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; beneath, the antennae annulated with white, the palpi, thorax and abdomen dark grey.
Expanse: 43-52 mm
Habitat: The Himalayas from Kulu to Sikkim; Bhutan; Assam, the Naga Hills.

Biology
The larva feeds on Poaceae.

See also
Riodinidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)

References
 
 

Dodona (butterfly)
Butterflies of Asia
Dodona egeon

Dodona egeon, the orange Punch, is a small but striking butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm - in Mussoorie to Assam, Burma (nominate) and Peninsular Malaya (D. e. confluens Corbet, 1941) that belongs to the family Riodinidae (which is also known as the Punches and Judies in India).

Description

From Charles Thomas Bingham (1905) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Butterflies Volume I:
Male. Upperside. Fore wing black, the basal area to the middle of the cell dark ochraceous red; a short, broad, oblique yellow subbasal band from subcostal vein to vein 1; discal yellow spots beyond in interspaces 1, 2, 4 and 5, the upper two and lower two spots respectively separated by the veins only, the latter two spots joined to the subbasal band by an elongate reddish-yellow spot in interspace la; a postdiscal series of a yellow crescent marks surmounted by a yellow spot in interspaces 2 and 3, and three upper postdiscal whitish smaller spots in interspaces 4, 5, 6 shifted somewhat further towards the termen; lastly, two preapical white dots. Hindwing ochraceous yellow, the dorsal margin broadly shaded with brown, a medial straight fascia and an upper shorter discal fascia dark brown; a postdiscal macular, subterminal and terminal more continuous dark brown bands, all three coalescing at the apex; tornal lobe and slender tail black. Underside chestnut-red, with the following more or less silvery markings;Fore wing: a short streak at base of costal margin, transverse basal, medial and discal broad bands, a postdiscal irregular series of transverse spots and a very slender and delicate transverse series of short subterminal lines; between the discal  and postdiscal markings there are two silvery subcostal and a transverse similar spot in interspace 3; the other markings are silvery anteriorly, ochraceous posteriorly. Hind wing: a short transverse silvery streak at base, a narrow similar streak along vein 1 not reaching the tornus, a silvery streak along the dorsal margin turning upwards and joining an interrupted discal silvery transverse fascia from the costa, a broader straight transverse medial band between the discal band and base of wing, a very broad elongate triangular upper postdiscal silvery patch, followed by a series of transverse slender black markings terminating at the apex in two black spots set in a quadrate silvery patch; lobe and slender tail jet-black, margined on the inner side by a white line and surmounted by a grey tornal patch. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen blackish brown; beneath, palpi, thorax and abdomen greyish white.

Female. Upperside brownish black, much paler than in the male; markings similar but very much larger and paler, especially the upper postdiscal spots on the fore wing. Underside similar to that of the male; groundcolour paler, silvery markings much broader.
Expanse: 44-50 mm
Habitat: Himalayas, Kashmir to Bhutan; Assam, Khasi and Naga Hills.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)

References
 
 

Dodona (butterfly)
Fauna of Pakistan
Butterflies of Asia
Dodona eugenes

Dodona eugenes, the Tailed Punch, is a small but striking butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm that belongs to the Punches and Judies, that is, the family Riodinidae.

Description

From Charles Thomas Bingham (1905) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies, Vol. 1:
Male: Upperside: closely resembles D. dipaea in the ground-colour and markings, but on the hind wing the markings are broader and more diffuse, and the lobe has a short filamentous black white-edged tail. Underside a brighter brown than in D. dipaea; the markings very similar, but twice as broad.
Expanse: 38-49 mm
Habitat: The Himalayas from Murree to Bhutan; Assam, the Khasi and Jaintia Hills.
Larva: More or less onisciform, pale emerald-green with two dorsal blue lines somewhat sparingly covered with short hairs, it Feeds on grasses and hill-bamboo.
Pupa: pale green, with cross check o£ darker green lines. Head bifid, flat in front and angulated below.

Subspecies
D. e. eugenes Sikkim to Assam to Burma, Tibet, Himalayas (west as far as Murree), Northeast India (hills), North Thailand, Indo China, West China. 
D. e. chaseni Corbet, 1941   Peninsular Malaya
D. e. venox Fruhstorfer, 1912  Sikkim, Assam, Yunnan
 D. e. esakii Shirôzu, 1953   Formosa
D. e. formosana Matsumura, 1919  Taiwan

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)

References

Biology
The larva feeds on  Adundinaria

Dodona (butterfly)
Fauna of Pakistan
Butterflies of Asia
Cosmic Philosophy

Cosmic Philosophy  is the name Max Théon gave to the occult teachings given by his wife Alma Théon and himself.  It is presented in the journal Cosmic Review, the six volumes of the Cosmic Tradition, and the Cosmic Movement they established in the first decade of the twentieth century.  

Apart from the Théons themselves, important contributors to the Cosmic Philosophy material included  Charles Barlet, Victor-Emile Michelet, M. J. Benharoche-Baralia, and Pascal Themanlys.

Elements of the Cosmic Philosophy can also be found in the teachings of The Mother of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, who, as Mirra Alfassa, was Théon's student in occultism, and involved in the Cosmic Movement.  Some of Théon's terminology was also adopted by Sri Aurobindo.

The Cosmic Philosophy claims to be the original spiritual Tradition, and describes an occult cosmology that describes the various emanated planes of existence and cosmic cycles, including the sixth and the present, seventh, cycle, as well as describing the various occult powers of man.

External links 
 Review Cosmique - Pascal Themanlys' website, with a lot of material on the Théons and the Cosmic philosophy (in French)
 The Cosmic Philosophy (includes text by Pascal Themanlys in English)

Max Théon
Bourne United Charities


Bourne United Charities is registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales.  Its purpose is the joint administration of several legacies dedicated for the relief of poverty, the provision of housing and accommodation and environmental, conservation or heritage objectives in the Parish of Bourne.  The nine principal endowments are:
John Brown
William Fisher for Almshouses
William Fisher for Bread
Robert Harrington
Jeremiah Ives
North Fen Poor's Land
South Fen Poor's Land
Nicholas Rand
William Trollope

Principal Assets
Bourne United Charities owns Abbey Lawn, a recreation ground in the centre of Bourne, along with the Wellhead Park, which is a public park.  The Charities own and administer almshouses in West Street in the town.  It also owns a number of investment properties in the town and elsewhere, principally in Leytonstone in the London Borough of Waltham Forest.  In Bourne, their principal property is the Red Hall, where they have their office, and they also own Baldock's Mill, home of the Bourne Civic Society.

Activities
Bourne United Charities is administered by fifteen Trustees and a clerk, five of the trustees being nominated by the Town Council.

BUC manage the 12 almshouses they built in West Road, and a plot of 13 gardening allotments at the corner of Meadow Drove and Spalding Road.  They own and manage the Wellhead park and the Abbey Lawn sports field in the centre of town.

Bourne United Charities own the Wellhead Cottage, and several other restored buildings that are used by community organisations. These include the Shippon Barn on the edge of the Wellhead Gardens, used by the Scouts and the Guides,  and the early 19th century Baldock's Mill in South Street that is now operated as a museum by the Civic Society.

References

External links
Bourne United Charities

Charities based in Lincolnshire
Almshouses in England
Bourne, Lincolnshire
Castilla de Oro

Castilla de Oro or del Oro () was the name given by the Spanish settlers at the beginning of the 16th century to the Central American territories from the Gulf of Urabá, near today's Colombian-Panamanian border, to the Belén River. Beyond that river, the region was known as Veragua, and was disputed by the Spanish crown along with the Columbus family. The name "Castilla de Oro" was made official in May 1513 by King Ferdinand II of Aragon, then regent of the Crown of Castile.

After Vasco Núñez de Balboa's discovery of the Pacific Ocean, Castilla de Oro's jurisdiction was broadened to include the Pacific coasts of Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua.

With the creation, in 1527, of the Province of Nicaragua, which included today's Nicaragua as well as the Nicoya Peninsula, Castilla de Oro's jurisdiction was reduced. In 1537, once the conflict between the crown and the Columbus family was settled, Castilla de Oro was split up, divided by the Duchy of Veragua.

The western portion, which comprised most of Panama's and Costa Rica's Pacific coasts, was merged in 1540 with Royal Veragua, to create the Province of Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica.

The eastern part, the last remnant of Castilla de Oro, in time became known as the Realm of Tierra Firme, or Panamá, especially after the creation of the Royal Academy of Panamá in 1538.  In 1560, the new Province of Veragua, created by Philip II out of the now defunct Duchy of Veragua, was merged with Castilla de Oro.

Governors of Castilla del Oro, 1514–1540 
1514–1526 Pedro Arias Dávila, Governor
1526–1529 Pedro de los Ríos y Gutiérrez de Aguayo, Governor
1529–1532 Antonio de la Gama, Interim Governor
1533–1536 Francisco de Barrionuevo, Governor
1536–1539 Pedro Vázquez de Acuña, Governor
1539 Francisco Pérez de Robles, President of the Audiencia of Panama

References

Colonial Central America
History of Central America
History of Nicaragua
Colonial Panama
Audencia of Guatemala
Spanish colonization of the Americas
1513 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Southern Football League (disambiguation)

Southern Football League is an association football league in England.

Southern Football League may also refer to:
Southern Football League (1963-1965), a minor professional American football league in which Huntsville Rockets played
Southern Football League (Scotland), Scottish war time league
Southern Football League (South Australia), an Australian rules football league in South Australia, Australia
Southern Football League (Tasmania), an amateur Australian rules football league in Tasmania, Australia
Southern Football Netball League, an amateur Australian rules football league in Victoria, Australia

See also
Great Southern Football League (disambiguation)
Metropolitan Board of Health

The New York City Metropolitan Board of Health was the first modern municipal public health authority in the United States. It was founded in 1866 by the New York City Common Council at a suggestion by the New York Academy of Medicine, following a campaign led by Dr. Stephen Smith.

The several powers and duties of the health officers are set forth in detail in chapter xix of the first charter creating the City of Greater New York (January 1, 1898; amended, 1901). In 1915 the health department was administered by a board of health, consisting of a commissioner appointed by the mayor, the commissioner of police, and the health officer of the port.

History

The Board of Health, later known as the Metropolitan Board of Health began after the American Civil War on February 18, 1865, when the first Report of the Council of Hygiene and Public Health of the Citizens' Association of New York (known as Citizen's Association Report on the Sanitary Condition of the City) was written:

Poor sanitation and filthy streets threatened both the physical health of the public as well as the economic welfare of the developing metropolis in the mid nineteenth century.

The sanitation of the city went under city politics. Most of city sewage and welfare in New York City was headed by Tammany Hall. In 1863 Tammany Hall nominated City Street Inspector Francis I. A. Boole for mayor. Reformists discovered that street cleaning was deeply embedded in corruption. Workers were paid by Tammany Hall below minimum wage and forced to sign contracts that gave up half of their paycheck to Boole.

After the release of the Citizens Association Report in late 1865, the new board began to manage New York City's worst environmental problems.

The Board of Health in New York, inspected at least 500 factories in the area and demanded that the factory owners decrease the amount of toxic air they released which they say was becoming a major health risk as well as the dirty tenements that contained new immigrants into the area.

A Health official in 1866 wrote of the tenements in a 300-page document, entitled Inspection of Tenement living:

The Board of Health helped encourage scientists and doctors to help cure diseases as well as join reformers in bringing attention to tenement law and work laws. By 1915 many of the powers originally possessed by the health department as to tenement houses had been transferred to the tenement-house department, which was charged with enforcing the tenement-house law in all flats and apartments.

See also
Metropolitan Health Bill
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

References

Healthcare in New York City
Health departments in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in New York City
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
HarbourFront Centre

HarbourFront Centre, formerly World Trade Centre, is a shopping mall and ferry terminal in Singapore. The mall is part of a development known as HarbourFront.

History
Plans of building the World Trade Centre was first announced by the Port of Singapore Authority in 1973. It was officially opened in 1977, as well as having a ferry terminal that has traveling routes to nearby Indonesian ports, as well as the city of Batam and Bintan Island, it also featured nearby Expo Gateway and Harbour Pavilion exhibition halls.

The World Trade Centre hosted Miss Universe Pageant in 1987.

The World Trade Centre was later renovated from January 2000 with a connection to HarbourFront MRT station, and was reopened as HarbourFront Centre on 17 February 2003.

References

External links
 

Shopping malls in Singapore
Tourist attractions in Singapore
Buildings and structures completed in 1977
Bukit Merah
Shopping malls established in 1977
World Trade Centers
Buildings and structures in Central Region, Singapore
20th-century architecture in Singapore
Dodona adonira

Dodona adonira, the striped Punch, is a small but striking butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm that belongs to the Punches and Judies, that is, the family Riodinidae.

Description

From Charles Thomas Bingham (1905) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies, Vol. 1
Males and females have the upperside dark brownish black, forewing with the base suffused slightly with ochraceous; subbasal, discal and post-discal transverse orange bands, the subbasal straight, the other two slightly curved, sinuous and somewhat macular, the subbasal and discal bands joined posteriorly in interspace 1 a: Female with or without three or four transversely-placed upper subterminal orange-yellow spots. Hindwing: a pale yellow fascia, parallel to the dorsal margin; oblique subbasal, discal, postdiscal and inner and outer subterminal orange-yellow fasciae, all, except the post-discal, converging from the costa and meeting above the tornal lobe; the postdiscal fascia broad at costal margin, narrowing to a point-and terminating on vein 3; bilobed, the lobes margined outwardly by a very slender continuous white line, beyond which the cilia are black; the rest of the cilia on both forewings and hindwings ochraceous white in male, black in female. Underside ochraceous, suffused with a darker ochraceous on the tornal area of the hindwing. Forewings and hindwings transversely crossed by the following jet-black narrow bands. Forewing with basal, subbasal, inner and outer discal, postdiscal, subterminal and terminal bands; the inner discal band terminating on vein 1, the outer discal on vein 3; the postdiscal interrupted posteriorly on vein 2; the postdiscal and subterminal widened on the costa. Hindwing with a band along vein 1; basal and subbasal bands in continuation of those on the forewing, the latter turning upwards above tornus and continued to the base of the wing parallel to the dorsal margin; a discal band from costa to vein 3, a very slender postdiscal band from costa to dorsum, and closely approximate sub terminal and terminal bands; the postdiscal slender band or line twice interrupted across the tornal area; lobes black, narrowly edged with white on the outer side. Antennae dark brown annulated with white; head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; beneath, palpi, thorax and abdomen ochraceous white. 
Expanse: 43-47 mm
Habitat: Nepal; Sikkim over 5000 ft.,; Assam, the Khasi and Naga Hills; Upper Myanmar.

Subspecies
D. a. adonira Sikkim, Nepal, Sikkim, Northeast India (hills), North Burma
D. a. kala Tytler, 1940 Northeast Burma
D. a. naga Tytler, 1940  Naga Hills, Manipur, Assam
D. a. learmondi  Tytler, 1940  Shan States, Yunnan
D.a. argentea  Fruhstorfer, 1904  Burma
D. a. windu   Fruhstorfer, 1894  West Java

See also
Riodinidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)

References
 
 

Dodona (butterfly)
Butterflies of Asia
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) results from an imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused by antibiotics. Microbiotal alteration changes carbohydrate metabolism with decreased short-chain fatty acid absorption and an osmotic diarrhea as a result. Another consequence of antibiotic therapy leading to diarrhea is overgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms such as Clostridium difficile. It is defined as frequent loose and watery stools with no other complications.


Cause
Clostridium difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel. With this lower level of "healthy" bacteria present, the overgrowth of C. diff is then responsible "for elaborating the enterotoxin".

Treatment
Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis.

Efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage. Up to a 50% reduction of AAD occurrences has been found. No side effects have been reported. Caution is advised when using probiotics in immunocompromised individuals or those who have a compromised intestinal barrier because of the risk of an infection caused by the probiotic supplements.

References

Diarrhea
Tsutsui Junshō

was a warlord of the Japanese province of Yamato during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. Junshō was the son of Tsutsui Junkō. Through one time in the Sengoku Period, Junshō was destined to ascend to the position of daimyō over the province of Yamato.

Junshō's death was kept secret for three years. A blind monk from Nara named Mokuami, whose physical appearance resembled Junshō, was used as a puppet to conceal his death.  Meanwhile, Junshō's son Tsutsui Junkei has grown up and took his father's position. Mokuami, who has no value any more, was sent back to Nara as an ordinary priest.

Daimyo
1523 births
1550 deaths
Joop ter Heul

Joop ter Heul is a fictional character in a series of five books written for teenage girls by Dutch novelist Setske de Haan (1889-1948), who wrote under the pen name Cissy van Marxveldt. Joop is high-spirited, headstrong, and stubborn. The first four books, published from 1918 to 1925, deal with her high school years, her young adulthood, her marriage, and her sons. The last book was not written until more than twenty years later. The initial four books are remembered today for being a strong influence on diarist Anne Frank, both in the character of Joop, whom she identified with, and in the epistolary style in which the books were written, which she adapted for her own diary.

FILM
In 1968 Joop ter Heul was the title of a film in the Netherlands based on the Marxveldt character.

See also
 Cissy van Marxveldt
 Anne Frank
 The Diary of a Young Girl from entry dated Wednesday, October 14, 1942
 People associated with Anne Frank

External links

Characters in children's literature
Fictional Dutch people
Dodona henrici

Dodona henrici, the white Punch, is a small but striking butterfly found in India that belongs to the Punches and Judies, that is, the family Riodinidae.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)

References
 
 

Dodona (butterfly)
Butterflies of Asia