alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
What the Dormouse Said

What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry, is a 2005 non-fiction book by John Markoff.  The book details the history of the personal computer, closely tying the ideologies of the collaboration-driven, World War II-era defense research community to the embryonic cooperatives and psychedelics use of the American counterculture of the 1960s.

The book follows the history chronologically, beginning with Vannevar Bush's description of his inspirational memex machine in his 1945 article "As We May Think". Markoff describes many of the people and organizations who helped develop the ideology and technology of the computer as we know it today, including Doug Engelbart, Xerox PARC, Apple Computer and Microsoft Windows.

Markoff argues for a direct connection between the counterculture of the late 1950s and 1960s (using examples such as Kepler's Books in Menlo Park, California) and the development of the computer industry. The book also discusses the early split between the idea of commercial and free-supply computing.

The main part of the title, "What the Dormouse Said," is a reference to a line at the end of the 1967 Jefferson Airplane song "White Rabbit": "Remember what the dormouse said: feed your head." which is itself a reference to Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

See also
 Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
 Midpeninsula Free University
 Homebrew Computer Club
 The Soul of a New Machine
 Microserfs
 Steve Jobs
 Fire in the Valley

References

External links
 Life Outside the Mainframe (review from Peacework)

History of computing
2005 non-fiction books
Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area
Books about California
Viking Press books
Apple Assembly Line

Apple Assembly Line was a monthly newsletter edited by Bob Sander-Cederlof from October 1980 through May 1988. The publisher was S-C Software Corporation based in Dallas, Texas.

Overview
The newsletter focused on assembly language programming for the Apple II personal computer. Initially, the programs were only written for the MOS 6502 microprocessor, but this expanded to the 65C02, 65802, and 65816 microprocessors as the Apple II family continued to develop.

Sander-Cederlof used the S-C Macro Assembler, which he had authored and sold himself, to publish his programs. At its peak, the newsletter had over 1000 subscribers–mainly those learning to program in assembly language–with issues being mailed all over the world.

In a retrospective of Apple II periodicals, Steven Weyhrich wrote:

See also 
 List of publications and periodicals devoted to the Apple II

References

External links
Official Archive
iPhone Purchasing
Downloadable Programs

Apple II periodicals
Mass media in Dallas
1980 establishments in Texas
1988 disestablishments in Texas
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1980
Magazines disestablished in 1988
Magazines published in Texas
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Newsletters
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Hemp Industries Association

The Hemp Industries Association (HIA) is a non-profit trade group representing hemp companies, researchers and supporters in the United States and Canada. The group petitions for fair and equal treatment of industrial hemp. Since 1994, the HIA has been dedicated to education, industry development, and the accelerated expansion of hemp world market supply and demand.

History

HIA was established in 1994 by 45 U.S. hemp industry companies. Cannabis activist and author Chris Conrad served as its first president. By 1998 the association had more than 200 members.

In 2010, the organization bought the diaries of Lyster Dewey and plans to display them to the public for the first time in many years at the first Hemp History Week.

HIA Executive Director Eric Steenstra said in 2014 that hemp seed oil is less than 25 parts per million CBD, thus hemp seed oil is not a source of CBD which could be used in epilepsy treatments.

HIA vs. DEA

On October 9, 2001, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) posted an interpretive rule on its website declaring that all hempseed products containing any traces of THC would be considered seizable contraband, effectively criminalizing all hempseed products in the US. After a period of public comment, the DEA filed the final proposed rule in the Federal Register on March 21, 2003. One week later, the HIA joined with the Organic Consumers Association and several companies which used hempseed in one or more products to file suit against the DEA rule going into effect.

On February 6, 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled unanimously for the HIA, opining that the DEA did not have the authority under the federal Controlled Substances Act to ban an otherwise legal product because it might have traces of THC. On September 28, 2004, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear the appeal, allowing the Ninth Circuit decision to stand. The settlement between HIA and DEA was finally reached on May 25, 2018, in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

References

External links
 

Agricultural marketing organizations
Cannabis cultivation
Trade associations based in the United States
Cannabis industry trade associations
1994 in cannabis
Agricultural marketing in the United States
Suzanne Charlton

Suzanne L. Charlton (born 1962) is a British BBC weather forecaster and daughter of footballer Bobby Charlton.

Early life
Born in Urmston, Lancashire, Charlton attended Loreto Grammar School, a Roman Catholic girls' grammar school in Altrincham, with her sister Andrea. Charlton graduated from the University of Reading in 1985 with a degree in Physics and Meteorology,

Career
In September 1985 Charlton joined the Met Office in Bracknell, where she worked as a computer programmer.

In 1987, she transferred to the London Weather Centre as a forecaster, joining the BBC weather team in March 1989. In the summer of 1990, she spent three and a half months working as a forecaster with the RAF in Germany. She appeared on a range of channels including Breakfast News from 1992. She took maternity leave from 1999, which she extended to bring up her son.

Charlton returned to BBC Weather bulletins in March 2006, appearing regularly on BBC News 24, BBC Radio 4, BBC World and BBC One. She left the BBC Weather Centre in March 2007.

She is a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society.

Personal life

Charlton is the daughter of former Manchester United and England footballer, Sir Bobby Charlton (1937–2023) and his wife Norma Ball, and the niece of the late Leeds United and England footballer Jack Charlton. She married in 1994 in Macclesfield. Her husband is Nick Brown, a tennis coach and former player. She has one son, Robert (named after his grandfather) (born in November 1998) and lives in Hitchin, Hertfordshire.

Charlton is a keen sports fan, with her special interests being football, tennis, and skiing. She also played hockey for her university. Charlton competed in national horse-riding events, and is a group instructor with the Riding for the Disabled Association.

References

External links

Suzanne Charlton Bio TVNewsRoom

1962 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Reading
English meteorologists
People from Hitchin
People from Urmston
BBC weather forecasters
Tuscia University

University of Tuscia (, UNITUS) is a university located in the city of Viterbo, Italy. Founded in 1979, the University comprises 6 academic departments.

The reference in the University's name to "Tuscia", evokes the term used for a historical region of Italy, centered in recent times upon the city of Viterbo, but which once referred to the far wider territories that in ancient times were under Etruscan influence, and in post-antiquity included what is now the whole region of Tuscany, a great part of Umbria and the northern parts of Lazio. The University's core specialist subject areas reflect in considerable part the current character of the territory which surrounds it.

The University conducts its activity in a variety of locations within and around the city, which has a rich and complex history, that among other features bears the stamp of the turbulent medieval period, including the struggle between the Empire and the Papacy, and is marked, too, by the unfolding of the Renaissance, the rise of a unified Italy and the struggle against Nazi aggression.   

On 26 February 2019, the President of the Republic of Italy Sergio Mattarella chose to inaugurate the Italian academic year at Tuscia University.  

Following words of formal welcome by Marco Frey, president of the Italian Foundation Global Compact Network, the Head of State gave a widely publicized speech, in which he congratulated the University on the progress it had made in many areas of its activity in the forty years since its foundation and offered his encouragement for the future. After the event, Mattarella made a private visit to the Monastery of St. Rose of Viterbo, located in the city.

Organization
The University's 6 departments are these: 

 Department of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
 Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences
 Department of Economy, Engineering, Society and Business
 Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems
 Department of Linguistic, literary, historical, philosophical and legal studies
 Department of Humanities, Communication and Tourism

Notes

See also 
 List of Italian universities
 Viterbo
 List of forestry universities and colleges
 Orto Botanico dell'Università della Tuscia, the university's botanical garden

External links
 

Tuscia University
Buildings and structures in Viterbo
Educational institutions established in 1979
Education in Lazio
1979 establishments in Italy
Viterbo
Baranzai

Baranzai () is also a name of Baloch Tribe who live in Sistan and Baluchestan Province , Mir Dost Mohammad Khan Baloch was a Baranzai origin,  who ruled Western Balochistan till 1928.

Baranzai is a clan of the Balochi tribe of Mengal is a large tribe and its notable clans are Shahizai, Lehri, and Mahmudzai.

References

Baloch tribes
Maasai religion

Maasai spirituality is the traditional beliefs of the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania.

Traditional beliefs 
In Maasai culture, nature and its elements are important facets of their religion. Enkai (also called Engai) is the androgynous Supreme Creator, possessing both masculine and feminine principles. The Maasai  refer to Ngai's primordial dwelling as "Ol Doinyo Lengai" which literally means "The Mountain of God" , which they believe is in Northern Tanzania.

Ngai or Enkai's name is synonymous to "rain."

In Maasai religion, the Laibon (plural: Laiboni) intercedes between the world of the living and the Creator.  They are the Maasai's high priests and diviners.  In addition to organizing and presiding over religious ceremonies—including sacrifice and libation, they also heal the living, physically and spiritually.

References

Further reading
 Harold Scheub, A Dictionary of African Mythology, The Mythmaker as Storyteller Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000, 
 Naomi Kipury, Oral Literature of the Maasai (1983: East African Educational Publishers Ltd., PO Box 45314 Nairobi, Kenya
 Spencer, Paul, (2003), "Providence and the cosmology of misfortune" and "Loonkidongi diviners and Prophets", in Spencer, P, Time, Space, and the Unknown: Maasai configurations of power and providence, Routledge, London (pp. 67–123).
Holy Cross College, Dhaka

Holy Cross College (HCC) () is a Catholic higher-secondary school for girls, located at Tejgaon in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It serves students of class 11 and class 12. It was founded in 1950 by the Sisters of the Holy Cross.

Notable alumni

 Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury, speaker of Bangladesh National Parliament
 Dipu Moni, education minister of Bangladesh
 Rubana Huq, Vice-Chancellor of Asian University for Women
 Subarna Mustafa, actress and politician
 Meerjady Sabrina Flora, Bangladeshi epidemiologist
 Justice Salma Masud Chowdhury, justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh
 Justice Naima Haider, justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh
 Justice Farah Mahbub, justice of Supreme Court of Bangladesh
 Nihad Kabir, lawyer, president of FBCCI
 Sonia Bashir Kabir, Bangladeshi businessperson
 Saida Muna Tasneem, Diplomat, High Commissioner for Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to Ireland, Liberia

See also
Holy Cross Girls' High School (Dhaka)
Notre Dame College, Dhaka
St. Joseph Higher Secondary School

References

Christianity in Dhaka
Educational institutions established in 1950
Colleges in Dhaka District
High schools in Bangladesh
Schools in Dhaka District
Catholic schools in Bangladesh
Christian schools in Bangladesh
Holy Cross College, Dhaka
1950 establishments in East Pakistan

External links

Official Website
Þorleifr jarlsskáld

Þorleifr Rauðfeldarson, known by the epithet jarlsskáld or jarlaskáld ("earls'/earl's poet") was an Icelandic skald in the second half of the 10th century. He was one of the court poets of Jarl Hákon Sigurðarson and composed drápur on both the jarl and King Sweyn Forkbeard, but little of his work survives. He is the protagonist of Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds, a largely fictional tale in the Flateyjarbók version of Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta, and is also mentioned in Svarfdœla saga and as a skald in a number of other sources, including Landnámabók and Skáldatal.

Life
According to Svarfdœla saga, ch. 11 or 12, Þorleifr was one of twin sons of Ásgeir Rauðfeldarson of Brekka in Svarfaðardalur, born when their mother was out tending sheep. According to "Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds", written in the late 13th or early 14th century, he was the youngest of three sons. He went to Norway as a young man, but left after coming into conflict with Jarl Hákon over trading rights; Hákon burned his ship and killed the crew. He then went to Denmark, where he became a courtier of Sweyn Forkbeard's but returned to Norway to recite a níð verse at Hákon's court that caused the jarl's hair to fall out, after which Sweyn dubbed him jarlsskáld, "the earl's poet". After returning to Iceland he lived in Mýrdalur, but Hákon, with the assistance of his tutelary goddesses Þorgerðr Hǫlgabrúðr and Irpa, sent a wooden figure containing a man's heart that successfully killed him at the Alþingi in about 990. He was buried there at Þingvellir. The final chapter recounts how a shepherd and unsuccessful skald named Hallbjǫrn sat on Þorleifr's grave-mound and Þorleifr came to him in a dream and taught him the art of poetry. This story clearly incorporates many fantasy elements, and it is likely that Þorleifr spent longer at Jarl Hákon's court, but his composition of the níð verse is reported in several sources, including Oddr Snorrason's Latin life of Óláfr Tryggvason, so that detail must have been current by the end of the 12th century.

Poems
Other than the níð verse on Jarl Hákon, which is probably genuine, surviving work by Þorleifr jarlsskáld includes six probably spurious lausavísur, the refrain from a drápa for King Sweyn that reportedly had 40 verses, and one and a half verses of a drápa for Jarl Hákon. Of this Hákonardrápa, the full verse is:

In modern literature
Þórarinn Eldjárn's Hér liggur skáld (2012) is about Þorleifr jarlsskáld.

References

External links
 All extant poetry at Skaldic Index,  archived from the original on 11 August 2011
Jarlsníð text and translation, ed. Kate Heslop, at the Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages project
"Þorleifs þáttur jarlaskálds" in modernised Icelandic

10th-century Icelandic poets
KJCE

KJCE (1370 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Rollingwood, Texas, and serving the Greater Austin radio market.  The station airs a talk radio format and is owned by Audacy, Inc. The radio studios and offices are on Westbank Drive, off Loop 360, near Westlake High School.  The transmitter is off Johnny Morris Road, near Loyola Lane.

In 2015, the station began simulcasting on HD Radio, heard on the digital subchannel of sister station 95.5 KKMJ-HD2.

Programming
KJCE has one local talk show, heard 7 to 9 a.m. weekdays.  "Cardle & Woolley" features Jim Cardle and Lynn Woolley.  For the rest of the weekday schedule, KJCE runs mostly nationally syndicated conservative talk shows, including Dana Loesch, Dave Ramsey, Sean Hannity, Michael Berry (based at KTRH in Houston), Joe Pags (from WOAI San Antonio), "Red Eye Radio" (based at WBAP Dallas) and "This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal."

Weekends feature shows on money, health, the outdoors, technology, home improvement and cars.  Some weekend shows are paid brokered programming.  Syndicated weekend hosts include Leo Laporte and Bill Cunningham.  KJCE runs CBS News Radio at the top and bottom of the hour. The station also carries college football and basketball games from Texas A&M University.

History
The station signed on in 1948, and held the call sign KTXN. It ran 1,000 watts during daytime hours only.

On August 28, 1958, the call sign was changed to KOKE. It mostly simulcast the legendary KOKE-FM Country music radio brand in Austin in the 1970s. (An FM sister station 95.5 KOKE-FM, signed on in 1968, not related to today's KOKE-FM 99.7.)

In 1991, it switched to a simulcast of the soft adult contemporary sound on KKMJ-FM, using the call sign KKMJ.

In 1992, the station rebranded as "K-Juice 1370," with the call letters changing to KJCE. KJCE's new format originally consisted exclusively of satellite-delivered soul oldies.  In 1996, under new program and news director Benjamin Bryant, it switched to a mix of satellite-delivered urban adult contemporary music with limited local news, public service, and sports programming.  At that point, KJCE first began broadcasting Texas A&M football games. In 1997, Bryant received two Paul R. Ellis Media Awards from the American Heart Association of Texas for KJCE's coverage of heart disease and stroke risk in Austin's most vulnerable communities.

KJCE became a talk station in 2002. The station formerly simulcast on the HD3 subchannel of sister station KKMJ-FM "Majic 95.5" as well as FM translator K242CC at 96.3 MHz. On July 29, 2013, both outlets dropped KJCE.  In 2015, KJCE's talk programming returned to the HD2 subchannel of 95.5 KKMJ.

References

External links
 

JCE
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1948
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
1948 establishments in Texas
Hoti, Mardan

Hoti (, pronounced Ootay) is a union council in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The town is located at 34°12'0N°, 72°4'0E at an altitude of 284 metres (935 feet) and lies just east of Peshawar, the capital of the province, and is inhabited by the Kamalzai Pashtuns, a sub-tribe of the Mandanr.

The people of this area only speak Pukhto, and the adhere strongly to the Pukhtoon traditions of hospitality and loyalty.

Although the MPs are democratically elected in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, the old feudal system is still strong in Hoti. The head of the leading feudal family is Mohammad Ali Khan Hoti, a former education minister of Pakistan.

Notable people
Sher Ali Bacha (1935-1998), Pashtun nationalist politician
Ibrahim Peshawari (1850-1930), Islamic scholar in Bengal

References

Union councils of Mardan District
William Hill Sports Book of the Year

The William Hill Sports Book of the Year is an annual British sports literary award sponsored by bookmaker William Hill. The award is dedicated to rewarding excellence in sports writing. It was first awarded in 1989, and was devised by Graham Sharpe of William Hill, and John Gaustad, founder of the Sports Pages bookshop.  As of 2020, the prize for winning the award is £30,000 and a leather-bound copy of their book. Each of the shortlisted authors receives £3,000.

Commenting on the prize's prestige, the 2005 winner Gary Imlach said "although it is a sports book prize, it has the prestige and the commercial clout to lift the winning book out of the sport section".

As of 2020, the judging panel is chaired by Alyson Rudd and includes retired professional footballer and former chairman of the Professional Footballer’s Association, Clarke Carlisle; five-time Olympic medallist and rower Dame Katherine Grainger; broadcaster and writer John Inverdale; broadcaster Danny Kelly and journalist and broadcaster Mark Lawson.

History
Paul Kimmage was the first author to win both the Irish (2011) and International awards (1990).

In 2010, Duncan Hamilton, a winner twice in the previous three years, was again included in the shortlist, although on this occasion, when the award was announced on 30 November in London, the prize was won by Brian Moore, the former England rugby union international, for his autobiography, Beware of the Dog.

In 2011, there was a "surprise inclusion" to the shortlist of Engage: The Fall and Rise of Matt Hampson, a biography of quadriplegic Matt Hampson, by 1990 winner Paul Kimmage, despite it not being included on the longlist. The shortlist also included a book on bullfighting, Into The Arena: The World of the Spanish Bullfight by Alexander Fiske-Harrison, despite journalists including Fiske-Harrison himself arguing that bullfighting was not a sport, leading to the employment of security for the first time at the ceremony at Waterstones of Piccadilly. In the end the prize went to A Life Too Short: The Tragedy of Robert Enke, about Robert Enke who committed suicide, by Ronald Reng.

Duncan Hamilton is the only author to have won the award three times, first in 2007, second in 2009 and most recently in 2019. Acclaimed boxing author Donald McRae has twice won the award, in 1996 and 2002.

Winners

References

External links
William Hill Sports Book of the Year, official website

British literary awards
Sports writing awards
Books about sports
William Hill (bookmaker)
Awards established in 1989
1989 establishments in the United Kingdom
The 2022 winner of the Award was Jeremy Wilson, for his book, 'Beryl'
Erik Hochstein

Erik Hochstein (born 1 October 1968 in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a former swimmer from Germany, who won the bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

History
Hochstein started swimming competitively at age ten after watching his father and two older brothers swim. Between 1985 and 1990, he was a member of the West German National Team. Hochstein was fifteen years old.

Hochstein moved to the United States and swam for USC for three years. He coached for SCAQ 1994–1997, then took a break from swimming for more than four years. Hochstein is married and provides services for Senior citizens through a consulting business for families and through a non-profit organization called Sydney Cooper Senior Smiles.

References

1968 births
Living people
German male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for West Germany
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for West Germany
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
German male freestyle swimmers
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Düsseldorf
20th-century German people
21st-century German people
Dana Randall

Dana Randall is an American computer scientist. She works as the ADVANCE Professor of Computing, and adjunct professor of mathematics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.  She is also an External Professor of the Santa Fe Institute. Previously she was executive director of the Georgia Tech Institute of Data Engineering and Science (IDEaS) that she co-founded, and director of the Algorithms and Randomness Center. Her research include combinatorics, computational aspects of statistical mechanics, Monte Carlo stimulation of Markov chains, and randomized algorithms.

Education
Randall was born in Queens, New York. She graduated from New York City's Stuyvesant High School in 1984. She received her A.B. in Mathematics from Harvard University in 1988 and her Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1994 under the supervision of Alistair Sinclair.

Her sister is theoretical physicist Lisa Randall.

Research
Her primary research interest is analyzing algorithms for counting problems (e.g. counting matchings in a graph) using Markov chains. One of her important contributions to this area is a decomposition theorem for analyzing Markov chains.

Accolades
In 2012 she became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

She delivered her Arnold Ross Lecture on October 29, 2009, an honor previously conferred on Barry Mazur, Elwyn Berlekamp, Ken Ribet, Manjul Bhargava, David Kelly and Paul Sally.

Publications
Clustering in interfering models of binary mixtures

References

External links
Dana Randall's website
Arnold Ross Lectures details at the AMS

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Georgia Tech faculty
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Theoretical computer scientists
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American scientists
21st-century American women scientists
American women academics
Ends of the Earth

Ends of the Earth may refer to:

 Extreme points of Earth
 "Ends of the Earth" (DC Comics), a Wonder Woman story line
 "Ends of the Earth" (Marvel Comics), a Spider-Man story line
 The Ends of the Earth (novel), a novel by Valerio Massimo Manfredi
 The Ends of the Earth (short story collection), a story collection by Lucius Shepard
 The Ends of the Earth (play), by Morris Panych
 "Ends of the Earth," a song by Lord Huron from their 2012 album Lonesome Dreams
 "Ends of the Earth," a song by Dirty Three from their 1998 album Ocean Songs

See also
 End of the Earth (disambiguation)
 To the Ends of the Earth (disambiguation)
 End of the world (disambiguation)
KMGV

KMGV is in the Fresno, California area and broadcasts at 97.9 FM.  It is owned by Cumulus Media.  Its studios are located at the Radio City building on Shaw Avenue in North Fresno and its transmitter is at Meadow Lakes in Sierra National Forest.

History
97.9 FM was originally owned by the McClatchy family and was originally the FM sister station to KMJ, with the callsign KMJ-FM. Known as "Music 98", the station broadcast classical music, then pop standards. In 1981 the callsign was changed to KNAX and the format was changed to country. KNAX's competition at that time was KMAK, an AM station that had adopted the Country format around 1966. By 1985, KMAK had changed format to News/Talk, and KNAX was the sole Country outlet for the Fresno area.

This lasted until 1992 when 93.7 changed format to Country as "Kiss Country". Both stations co-existed until KNAX was sold to Henry Broadcasting, which also owned KSKS. The format of KNAX was altered to a mix of classic Country with a few currents at this time. The station adopted the nickname of "Kickin' Country 98", and the original KNAX logo was replaced.

In July 1996, KNAX and KRBT were sold from Osborn Communications to American Radio Systems, which would then sell to Infinity Broadcasting (now CBS Radio) in 1998.

On July 3, 1998, with the emergence of a new format called "Jammin' Oldies" consisting of Classic R&B–Soul and Disco, the owners decided to take KNAX in a different direction and dropped country in favor of this current format and call letters KMGV, "Mega 97.9".

Peak Broadcasting acquired KMGV, and several other Fresno market stations, in November 2006 from CBS Radio. On August 30, 2013, a deal was announced in which Townsquare Media would purchase Peak Broadcasting, and then immediately swap Peak's Fresno stations, including KMGV, to Cumulus Media in exchange for Cumulus' stations in Dubuque, Iowa and Poughkeepsie, New York. The deal is part of Cumulus' acquisition of Dial Global; Peak, Townsquare, and Dial Global are all controlled by Oaktree Capital Management. The sale to Cumulus was completed on November 14, 2013.

References

External links
KMGV Website

MGV
Rhythmic oldies radio stations in the United States
Cumulus Media radio stations
Institute of Indirect Taxation

The Institute of Indirect Taxation (IIT) was a distinct professional body in the United Kingdom prior to its merger with the  Chartered Institute of Taxation in August 2012. 

Members of the IIT specialised in the study and practice of indirect taxes. The body was formed in July 1991 and formally launched in October 1991. It gained permission to call itself an institute in December of the same year. It operated as a company limited by guarantee.

Entry to the Institute was normally gained by taking up to four professional examinations in indirect taxation. There were two routes through the exams, the Value Added Tax route and the customs route, which reflect two of the most major areas that indirect taxation is applied to in the United Kingdom. It was possible to gain exemptions from some of the exams through possessing other suitable qualifications which include those from various British accountancy professional bodies, the Chartered Institute of Taxation and HM Revenue and Customs.

The four papers were:

 I: Legal, Business and Professional Ethics
 II: optional paper which is dependent on whether the VAT or customs route through the qualification is being taken
 III: Other Indirect Taxes
 IV: Stamp Taxes, Direct Taxes and Interaction of all Taxes

Those who have passed the examinations and been accepted into membership were entitled to use the designatory letters AIIT (Associate of the Institute of Indirect Taxation). Upon submission of a thesis to the institute it was possible to become a Fellow of the Institute of Indirect Taxation which allowed for the use of the designatory letters FIIT. Other categories of member, which were without designatory letters, were student members and affiliate members. It was also possible to be made an honorary member or Fellow.

Merger with CIOT
The 500 members of the (IIT) became members of the  Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT) in August 2012 following the memberships of both bodies approving the merger of the two bodies at separate meetings in May 2012.

References

External links
 Institute website

Taxation in the United Kingdom
Tax practitioner associations
Jared Irwin (Pennsylvania politician)

Jared Irwin (January 19, 1768September 20, 1818) was a United States Representative from Pennsylvania.

Biography
Irwin was born in the Province of Georgia of British America. He was appointed commissioner for valuation of lands and dwellings and enumeration of slaves for the second division of Georgia on July 17, 1798.  He engaged in mercantile pursuits at Milton, Pennsylvania, and served as postmaster of Milton from June 1, 1802, to June 29, 1803.  He was sheriff of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, from 1808 to 1812.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1811, and served as colonel of the Fifth Rifle Regiment in the War of 1812.

Irwin was elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses.  In 1817, Irwin assisted in the establishment and became a military leader of a short-lived revolutionary government, called the Republic of the Floridas, on Amelia Island.  He died in Fernandina, Florida in 1818, which was then a part of the Spanish-controlled territory of Florida (Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. in 1821 as a result of the Adams–Onís Treaty).

References

Further reading

The Political Graveyard

1768 births
1818 deaths
American filibusters (military)
American military personnel of the War of 1812
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
Pennsylvania postmasters
Pennsylvania sheriffs
Buledi

The Buledi, Buledai, Baladi or Burdi (; Baloch: بُردي) is a Balochi tribe living in the Pakistan provinces of Sindh and Balochistan.

History 
All the Burdi or, correctly called, Buledai tribes are descended from Sundar and Haji. The term Buledai is derived from “Buli Dehi,” meaning residents of deh Bulo, in which the first parent of the Buledais settled in Kalat territory.

The septs of Buledi are Arbani, Teghani Buledi, Dahani, Sundrani, Suhriani, Hisbani, Bijarani, Umerani,Mugheri etc.

Notable personalities  
 Shahnawaz Dahani, international cricketer

References

Baloch tribes
Intrathecal pump

An intrathecal pump is a medical device used to deliver (via an intrathecal catheter) medications directly into the space between the spinal cord and the protective sheath surrounding the spinal cord. Medications such as baclofen, bupivacaine, clonidine, morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl or ziconotide may be delivered in this manner to minimize the side effects often associated with the higher doses used in oral or intravenous delivery of these drugs.

Medical uses

 Some cancer patients with opioid resistant pain or serious side effects may benefit from intrathecal pain management.
 Probably, only some benign patients with opioid resistant pain or serious side effects are suitable for intrathecal treatment.
 Baclofen pumps are often used for individuals with spasticity associated with quadriplegia or paraplegia

Application

People with spastic diplegia or other forms of spasticity, or people in intolerable pain, who cannot tolerate side effects of the higher-dose oral medications of the same medication type, are potential candidates for that medication being administered via an intrathecal pump.

Construction

The implantable intrathecal pump consists of a metal pump which stores and delivers the medication, and an intrathecal catheter which delivers the medication from the pump to the intrathecal space in the spine where the medication takes effect. Two types of pumps are available: a constant rate pump delivers the medication at a constant rate, and a programmable pump delivers the medication according to a rate determined by a computer program.

Also external pumps, with or without a subcutaneous port are used for intrathecal delivery.

The implantable medical device requires a surgical procedure; sometimes a surgeon performs a trial intrathecal injection or implants a temporary intrathecal catheter and pump to determine if the medication works to begin with, and thus if a pump is appropriate. A permanent intrathecal pump is then implanted if the patient derives at least 50% improvement in his or her symptoms.

Maintenance

Refills 
Intrathecal pumps require maintenance and need to be periodically refilled. How frequently this occurs is dependent on several factors, including drug concentration and dosage, and pump size. The refill frequency can range between one and six months for baclofen pumps.

Replacement 
Intrathecal pumps periodically need to be replaced. For baclofen pumps, this may be once every 5–7 years.

See also
Infusion pump
Intrathecal administration

References

External links
 International Neuromodulation Society
 North American Neuromodulation Society

Medical pumps
Pain
Implants (medicine)
Duke of Naples

The dukes of Naples were the military commanders of the ducatus Neapolitanus, a Byzantine outpost in Italy, one of the few remaining after the conquest of the Lombards. In 661, Emperor Constans II, highly interested in south Italian affairs (he established his court in Syracuse), appointed a Neapolitan named Basil dux or magister militum. Thereafter a line of dukes, often largely independent and dynastic from the mid-ninth century, ruled until the coming of the Normans, a new menace they could not weather. The thirty-ninth and last duke, Sergius VII, surrendered his city to King Roger II of Sicily in 1137.

Dukes appointed by Byzantium
 Gudeliscus, as duke of Campania (dux Campaniae)
 Guduin, first recorded duke of Naples
 seized by the rebel John of Conza
 Anatolius
661–666 Basil
666–670 Theophylactus I
670–673 Cosmas
673–677 Andrew I
677–684 Caesarius I
684–687 Stephen I
687–696 Bonellus
696–706 Theodosius
706–711 Caesarius II
711–719 John I
719–729 Theodore I
729–739 George
739–755 Gregory I
755–766 Stephen II
767–794 Gregory II
794–801 Theophylactus II
801– Anthimus
–821 Theoctistus
821 Theodore II
821–832 Stephen III
832–834 Bonus
834 Leo
834–840 Andrew II
840 Contardus

Hereditary dukes
These dukes were more independent than their predecessors and they were not chosen by the emperor, but the descendants of Sergius I, who was elected by the citizens.

Sergian dynasty (Sergii)
840–864/865 Sergius I
864/865–870 Gregory III
870–877/878 Sergius II
877/878–898 Athanasius
898– Gregory IV
–919 John II
919–928 Marinus I
928–968/969 John III
968/969–992/997 Marinus II
992–997/999 Sergius III
997/999–1005 John IV
1005–1038 Sergius IV, co-ruling with his son (below) after 1033
1027–1029 under control of Pandulf IV of Capua
1033–1050 John V, co-ruling with his father (above) before 1038 and with his son (below) after
1038–1076 Sergius V, co-ruling with his father (above) until 1050
1077–1107 Sergius VI, co-ruling with his son (below) after 1090
1090–1122 John VI, co-ruling with his father (above) until 1107
1122–1137 Sergius VII
1137–1139 vacant

In 1139, Naples capitulated to the Normans and shortly after elected a Norman ruler from the ruling dynasty.

House of Hauteville
1139–1144 Alfonso
1144–1154 William

In 1154, William succeeded to the Sicilian crown and the line of dukes ends.

Notes

External links
Naples in the Dark Ages by David Taylor and Jeff Matthews.

Further reading
Chalandon, Ferdinand. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, 2 vol. Paris: 1907.
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun 1130–1194. Longman: London, 1970.
Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages 476–918. Rivingtons: London, 1914.
Skinner, Patricia. Family Power in Southern Italy: The Duchy of Gaeta and its Neighbours, 850-1139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. .

Naples Dukes
 
Naples
Naples
Southland Conference men's basketball tournament

The Southland Conference's men's basketball tournament began in 1981, with the winner of the tournament receiving the conference's automatic bid into the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship.

From 1981 to 2001, the first round of the tournament took place at the higher seed, with the remaining rounds at a set location. In 2002, the Southland changed the format to play games at the campus of sites of each higher seed, during every round of the tournament.  This was changed again in 2007, the first year that the conference selected a neutral site for all rounds of the tournament.

Starting with the 2023 edition, the event is held at The Legacy Center on the campus of McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana, reportedly as part of a deal that kept McNeese in the Southland after it had been courted by Conference USA and nearly joined the Western Athletic Conference. This move followed a 15-season run (2008–2022) at Leonard E. Merrell Center in the Houston suburb of Katy, Texas.

Tournament results

Note: Northeast Louisiana and Southwestern Louisiana became Louisiana–Monroe and Louisiana–Lafayette, respectively, in 1999; the latter has since changed its athletic branding to solely Louisiana. Southwest Texas State became Texas State in 2003.

Note on asterisks: Stephen F. Austin kept academically ineligible players from 2013-2020.

Performance by school

Note: Italics indicates former conference member as of the 2022–23 season.
Note on asterisks: Stephen F. Austin used academically ineligible players from 2013-2020.

All-Time Tournament Standings  

Italicized indicates former member as of the 2021–22 NCAA basketball season
Sources:

Television coverage

See also
Southland Conference women's basketball tournament

References

 
Recurring sporting events established in 1981
Croatian Handball Federation

The Croatian Handball Federation (; abbr. HRS) is the governing body of handball in Croatia. It is based in Zagreb.

It organizes the handball leagues:
 Croatian Men's Premier Handball League
 Croatian Women's First Handball League
 Croatian Second League of Handball

It also organizes the Croatian men's national handball team and the Croatian women's national handball team, as well as the Croatian men's national beach handball team and Croatian women's national beach handball team.

History
The Handball Working Committee was first formed in Zagreb in 1948 and the following year the HRS itself was formed within the Independent State of Croatia. After the Second World War, it was renamed the Handball Federation of Croatia and ceded some powers to the Yugoslav Handball Federation. Upon Croatia's independence from Yugoslavia, the Croatian Handball Federation again represented the country. It joined the European Handball Federation and the International Handball Federation in 1992.

HRS presidents

Competitions hosted

International
 1957 World Women's Handball Championship (as part of SFR Yugoslavia)
 1973 World Women's Handball Championship (as part of SFR Yugoslavia)
 1979 Women's Junior World Handball Championship (as part of SFR Yugoslavia)
 1987 Men's Junior World Handball Championship (as part of SFR Yugoslavia)
 2003 World Women's Handball Championship
 2009 World Men's Handball Championship
 2014 Women's Junior World Handball Championship

Continental
 2000 European Men's Handball Championship
 2011 European Beach Handball Championship
 2014 European Women's Handball Championship
 2016 European Men's U-18 Handball Championship
 2017 European Beach Handball Championship
 2018 European Men's Handball Championship

External links 
 Croatian Handball Federation

Federation, Croatian Handball
Handball
European Handball Federation
Sports organizations established in 1948
The Roads to Sata

The Roads to Sata, written in 1985 by Alan Booth, tells the story of his journey in 1977, on foot, from Cape Sōya in Hokkaidō, the northernmost point of Japan, to Sata, the southernmost point of the main islands of Japan. Booth's journey lasted 128 days and covered 2,000 miles. The book was originally published by John Weatherhill Inc in 1985, but was republished by Kodansha Globe in 1997 in paperback.

References 

1985 non-fiction books
British travel books
Books about Japan
English non-fiction books
Non-qualified stock option

Non-qualified stock options (typically abbreviated NSO or NQSO) are stock options which do not qualify for the special treatment accorded to incentive stock options.

Incentive stock options (ISOs) are only available for employees and other restrictions apply for them. For regular tax purposes, incentive stock options have the advantage that no income is reported when the option is exercised and, if certain requirements are met, the entire gain when the stock is sold is taxed as long-term capital gains.

In contrast, Non-qualified stock options (NSOs) are available to regular employees, individual/external contractors, directors, vendors, and other parties. Non-qualified stock options result in additional taxable income to the recipient at the time that they are exercised, the amount being the difference between the exercise price and the market value on that date. NSOs are also not subject to the $100,000 limit rule per year, unlike ISOs.

Non-qualified stock options are frequently preferred by employers because the issuer is allowed to take a tax deduction equal to the amount the recipient is required to include in his or her income.

If they have deferred vesting, then taxpayers must comply with special rules for all types of deferred compensation Congress enacted in 2004 in the wake of the Enron scandal known as Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.

See also 

 Employee compensation in the United States

References
 U.S. Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 83 at Cornell's Legal Information Institute
 U.S. Treasury Regulation 2011 26 CFR §1.83-7

External links
 NSO Taxation

Taxation in the United States
Employee stock option
Employee compensation in the United States
Yellow Creek (Juniata River tributary)

Yellow Creek is a  tributary of the Raystown Branch Juniata River in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

Yellow Creek flows from Morrisons Cove through Loysburg Gap, a water gap in Tussey Mountain, before joining the Raystown Branch at Hopewell.

Bridges
 The Halls Mill Covered Bridge crosses Yellow Creek in Hopewell.

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Juniata River
Rivers of Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Physique

Physique may refer to:

 The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person (see Somatotype, Anthropometry, Body shape)
 In bodybuilding, the trained muscular structure of a person's body
 Physical fitness, a general state of health and well-being and, the ability to perform aspects of a sport or occupation
 Physical strength, the ability of an animal or human to exert force on physical objects using muscles
 Physical attractiveness, the degree to which a person's physical traits are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful
 Physique 57, New York City based fitness company
 Physique TV, Dubai based television channel dedicated to physical fitness

See also
 Physical (disambiguation)
Frida – The Mixes

Frida – The Mixes is a remix album by Swedish singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad, under the name of Frida, from her 1996 album Djupa andetag. This album was released exclusively in Germany in 1998. It was compiled by Stefan Bürger who was keen of the idea providing the mixes used, as bonus tracks to fans outside Sweden.

Track listing
All tracks written by Anders Glenmark. Track 1 and 6 remixed by Vinny Vero, Track 2 remixed by John Amatiello and Martin Pihl, Track 3-7 remixed by Anders Glenmark.

See also 
Djupa andetag

References

Anni-Frid Lyngstad compilation albums
1998 compilation albums
1998 remix albums
Albums produced by Anders Glenmark
Büdelsdorf

Büdelsdorf () is a town in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Eider and the Kiel Canal, approx.  north of Rendsburg, and  west of Kiel, just  off the motorway.

History 
The earliest inhabitants of the area which later became Büdelsdorf, were Stone-Age people who lived there around 3000 BC.  Modern Büdelsdorf originates from a small settlement attached to Rendsburg around 1300 AD.
 
In 1777, work on the Eider Canal linking the Baltic Sea to the North Sea began. In 1779, the boundaries of village were defined. In 1827, Hartwig Marcus Holler opened the Carlshütte, the first industrial-age iron- and steelworks in the duchy. Holler also built a shipyard and created jobs for the factory workers' wives. In 1841, he employed more than 250 workers. In 1895, the Kiel Canal was finished and Büdelsdorf and the Carlshütte flourished. In 1909, the Carlshütte employed 1,100 workers.

Development slowed with World War I. However, Büdelsdorf grew to be a borough with about 10,000 inhabitants throughout the 20th century. In 1984, Büdelsdorf's new town center was opened, consisting of a new town hall, a community centre and several blocks of flats and shops. In 1988, Büdelsdorf acquired vast areas of land and managed to attract several companies. As a result, Büdelsdorf is a thriving community with about 11,000 inhabitants and 5,000 jobs.

In 2000, Büdelsdorf was granted the title of town, opening new opportunities for its future development. Herbert Schütt, long-term mayor of Büdelsdorf, was the first mayor of the town of Büdelsdorf.

Sons and daughters of the city 

 Max Steen (1898-1997), teacher and local researcher
 Edward Hoop (1925-2008), historian and criminal investigator
 Michael Koglin (born 1955), journalist and writer

Persons associated with Büdelsdorf 

 Elisabeth Haseloff (1914-1974), Evangelical Lutheran pastor
 Rainer Korff (born 1955), General of the Bundeswehr
 Gerhard Delling (born 1959), sports journalist

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities
Büdelsdorf is twinned with:
 Aalborg, Denmark

References

Towns in Schleswig-Holstein
Rendsburg-Eckernförde