alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bawadi

Bawadi is a sector in the Dubailand development of the Emirate of Dubai, on the coast of the Arab's Gulf. The development is focused on amusement parks, hotel, commercial and residential buildings along a 15 city block, , transit zone. The project was first announced by the government of Dubai on 1 May 2006.  The developer is Tatweer, a subsidiary of Dubai Holding. Arif Mubarak was the initial CEO of the Bawadi development.

The Bawadi original master plan had a central boulevard with space for thirty-one hotels with 29,000 rooms. One such was the Asia-Asia Hotel which would have been among the largest hotels in the world with more than 6,500 rooms. The hotels along the strip were designed to have various themes from Asian, various American countries, Middle Eastern, African, European, and universal. An example was the Wild Wild West Hotel with an American theme.  The project estimated total cost was over USD 100 billion. The first residential development would have been 308 townhouses with a community centre, centered on a retail area. The master plan was revised in 2007 to include fifty-one hotels with over 60,000 new hotel rooms.

The Bawadi development suffered severely from the 2008 real estate collapse. For example, the Desert Gate Hotels and Towers part of the project was completely cancelled. The Bawadi project web page, bawadi.info, was closed in August 2014.

References

Proposed buildings and structures in Dubai
Dubailand
Scopa (biology)

A scopa (plural scopae; Latin for "broom") is any of a number of different modifications on the body of a non-parasitic bee that form a pollen-carrying apparatus. In most species of bees, the scopa is simply a dense mass of elongated, often branched, hairs (or setae) on the hind leg. When present on the hind legs, the modified hairs are, at a minimum, on the tibia, but some bees also have modified hairs on the femur and/or trochanter. A few bees have, in addition to the leg hairs, many modified hairs on the ventral surface of the abdomen which are also used in pollen transport; one family of bees, the Megachilidae, lack modified leg hairs, but have an extensive scopa on the underside of the abdomen (see photo). 

Honey bees and bumblebees have a more highly-developed structure than the scopa: the corbicula, or pollen basket. Various species of bees have other types of modified hairs that collect pollen, floral oils, or other chemicals from plants; such hairs may be borne on the face, mouthparts, or the front or middle legs, but such hairs are not called scopae. The term "scopa" is restricted to hairs adapted to the transport of pollen. 

Some species of bees transport pollen internally in the crop, and they lack a scopa, as do kleptoparasitic bees, which do not gather their own pollen.

See also
 Corbicula

References 

Pollination
Bees
Arthropod anatomy
GateWay Community College

GateWay Community College is a community college in Phoenix, Arizona. Established in 1968, GateWay is one of ten regionally accredited colleges in the Maricopa County Community College District. The Maricopa Skill Center was rebranded as the Trade and Technical Training Division of GateWay in 2016, offering many of the same programs, just under a new division name within GateWay Community College.

GateWay is the only Maricopa Community College with a Valley Metro Light Rail stop on campus, located on the south end of the campus.

GateWay Early College High School is located on the GWCC campus. Students can be enrolled in college classes and earn credits to eventually earn an associate degree. The first GWECHS class graduated in May, 2008. The GWECHS received its NCA accreditation on April 1, 1997.

History 
GateWay was originally located in downtown Phoenix, named Maricopa Technical College, which became the first technical college to be established in Arizona. On May 1, 1987, Maricopa Tech became GateWay Community College, adopting the name commonly used to describe the surrounding area. The Automotive Center was added to the campus in 1989, followed by the Children's Learning Center and Central Plant in 1998, and Center for Health Careers Education in 1999.

GateWay Community College received its NCA accreditation on July 30, 1971.

Academics 
GateWay Community College offers more than 160 degree and certificate options.

Athletics 

GateWay has the following competitive sports:
 Men's Baseball
 Men's Soccer
 Women's Soccer
 Women's Softball

References

External links 
Official website

Community colleges in Arizona
Maricopa County Community College District
Universities and colleges in Phoenix, Arizona
Universities and colleges established in 1968
Holton Heath railway station

Holton Heath railway station serves the area of Holton Heath in Wareham St Martin, Dorset, England. It is  down the line from . It was opened to serve the Royal Navy Cordite Factory, Holton Heath during the First World War. It did not open to the public until 1924.

History
Holton Heath has been unstaffed since 1964, with the signal box removed on 3 November 1969. On 20 April 1989 a fatal accident occurred just beyond the siding on the London side of the station, when a light locomotive, which had just completed shunting duties at Winfrith nuclear power station, collided with the rear of a freight train. The driver of the light locomotive, Clive Brooker, died in the accident.

Description 
The platforms are able to accommodate trains of up to five coaches. The station is one of the few remaining on the line not to be equipped with a self-service ticket machine, only a Permit to Travel machine, located on platform 1.

Services
The station is served hourly by London to Weymouth semi-fast trains during the day. This replaced the now-defunct hourly  to Brockenhurst service in 2008. There are no services in the evening (after 20.00) or on Sundays.

Until 1967, trains through the station were normally steam hauled. Between 1967 and 1988, passenger services were normally provided by Class 33/1 diesel locomotives with Class 438 coaching stock (also known as 4-TC units). The line was electrified in 1988, using the standard British Rail Southern Region direct current third rail at 750 volts. Class 442 electric multiple units were initially used following electrification, until being displaced by new Class 444 electric multiple units in 2007.

References

Railway stations in Dorset
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1916
Former London and South Western Railway stations
Railway stations served by South Western Railway
DfT Category F2 stations
Dmitri Pavlov

Dmitri Pavlov may refer to:

 Dmitry Pavlov (general) (1897–1941), Soviet general
 Dmitri Pavlov (composer) (born 1959), Russian composer
Drumheller Institution

The Drumheller Institution is a medium-security prison operated in Drumheller, Alberta by the Correctional Service of Canada. It was opened in 1967, and also includes a 72-bed minimum-security facility. As of 6 April 2004, the medium security section had a rated capacity of 598.

References 
 Correctional Service of Canada website

Correctional Service of Canada institutions
Prisons in Alberta
Buildings and structures in Drumheller
1967 establishments in Alberta
Chitalishte

A chitalishte (, . Derives from the verb "чета" - "to read" or "читател" - "reader") is a typical Bulgarian public institution and building that fulfills several functions at once, such as a community centre, library, and a theatre. It is also used as an educational institution, where people of all ages can enroll in foreign language, dance, music and other courses. In this function they could be compared to the folk high schools of Northern Europe. Some larger urban chitalishta are comparable to 92nd Street Y in New York City. 

The term chitalishte combines the Bulgarian Slavic root, chital- ("reading") and the suffix -ishte (a place where preceding verb happens). Thus chitalishte literally means "reading room," a place where books are kept for public use.   

The chitalishta of the 19th and early 20th century had a crucial role in preserving and developing Bulgarian culture and thus played an important role during the Bulgarian National Revival. The first institutions of this kind emerged towards the end of the Ottoman era, in 1856 in the towns of Shumen, Lom and Svishtov. Later, the chitalishte became an important multi-purpose institution in villages and smaller towns. Today, chitalishta are less widely spread and have decreasingly critical roles, mostly due to lack of funding. They are evolving and adapting by also hosting public events, and housing cinema halls and other modern organisations.

In December 2017 the Bulgarian Chitalishte was Selected on the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by UNESCO.

References

See also
 Narodny dim, the Ukrainian equivalent

Culture of Bulgaria
Social history of Bulgaria
Bulgarian National Revival
Libraries by subject
Cultural centers
Community centres
Jani Soininen

Jani Markus Soininen (born 12 November 1972) is a Finnish former ski jumper.

Career
He won two medals at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, earning a gold in the individual normal hill and a silver in the individual large hill. His biggest successes were at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, where he earned three medals in the team hill competitions with gold in 1995 and 1997, and silver in 2001 on the large hill.

World Cup

Standings

Wins

References

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jyväskylä
Ski jumpers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Finnish male ski jumpers
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Finland
Olympic silver medalists for Finland
20th-century Finnish people
North Gondar Zone

North Gondar (Amharic: ሰሜን ጎንደር; or Semien Gondar) is a zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. This zone is named for the city of Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia until the mid-19th century.

Geography
North Gondar is bordered on the south by Central Gonder Zone, on the north by the Tigray Region, and on the east by Wag Hemra. Towns and cities in North Gondar include Arbaya, Dabat, Dembiya, Debark, Emfranz, Feres Megria, Musebamb Town, Kurbi, Armachiho, Gondar, Tekeldengy, Gorgora and Metemma.

Demographics
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), North Gondar Zone had a total population of 2,929,628, an increase of 40.26% over the 1994 census, of whom 1,486,040 are men and 1,443,588 women; with an area of 45,944.63 square kilometers, North Gondar had a population density of 63.76. While 462,700 or 15.79% are urban inhabitants, a further 2,148 or 0.07% are pastoralists. A total of 654,803 households were counted in this zone, which results in an average of 4.47 persons to a household, and 631,509 housing units. The main ethnic group reported in North Gondar was the Amhara (97.84%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.16% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 98.32%; the remaining 1.62% spoke all other primary languages reported. 95.38% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 4.29% of the population said they were Muslim.

The 1994 national census reported a total population for this zone of 2,088,684 in 434,297 households, of whom 1,059,698 were men and 1,028,986 women; 236,625 or 11.33% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The three largest ethnic groups reported in North Gondar were the Amhara (89.72%), the Qemant (8.25%), and the Tigrayan (0.94%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.09% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 98.24%, and 0.81% spoke Tigrinya; the remaining 0.95% spoke all other primary languages reported. 95.32% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 4.54% of the population said they were Muslim.

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 7% of the inhabitants of North Gondar have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 21.2 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (compared to the national average of 30 kilometers), the average rural household has 1.2 hectares of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 0.75 for the Amhara Region) and the equivalent of 0.8 heads of livestock. 24.6% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a Regional average of 21%. 50% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 13% in secondary schools. 62% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and none to tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 506.

See also
 Alitash National Park

References

 
Zones of Ethiopia
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1675

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1675, adopted unanimously on April 28, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, including resolutions 1495 (2003), 1541 (2004) and 1634 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until October 31, 2006.

Resolution

Observations
The Security Council reaffirmed the need for a durable and mutual solution to the Western Sahara problem, which would provide for the self-determination of the people of the territory. Both Morocco, the Polisario Front and regional states were urged to co-operate with the United Nations to end the political impasse and reach a solution to the long-running dispute.

Acts
All parties were called upon to respect military agreements reached with MINURSO regarding a ceasefire. Member States were called upon to consider contributing towards confidence-building measures to facilitate greater person-to-person contact, such as family visits. The mandate of MINURSO was extended and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan instructed to report on the situation in Western Sahara. Furthermore, he was also instructed to ensure greater compliance with the zero-tolerance sexual exploitation policy among MINURSO personnel.

See also
 Free Zone (region)
 Legal status of Western Sahara
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 to 1700 (2005–2006)
 Moroccan Wall
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

References

External links
 
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1675
 1675
 1675
2006 in Western Sahara
2006 in Morocco
April 2006 events
Charlotte von Rothschild

Freifrau Charlotte von Rothschild (13 June 1819 – 13 March 1884) was a German-born British socialite. She was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Naples.

Family 
Rothschild was born into the well known Jewish banking family, the Rothschilds. She was the eldest child and only daughter of Carl Mayer Freiherr von Rothschild (1788–1855) and Adelheid Herz (1800–1853). Her maternal grandparents were  Moses Isaac Herz (sometimes spelled Hertz) and Clara (née Salomon or Saaling.)

She was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on 13 June 1819. Both her parents were Jewish.

Marriage 
Because endogamy within the Rothschild family was an essential part of their strategy to ensure that control of their wealth remained in family hands, on 15 June 1836, two days after her seventeenth birthday, Rothschild married Lionel Freiherr de Rothschild (1808–1879), her first cousin from the English branch of the family. They had the following children:

 Leonora (1837–1911)
 Evelina (1839–1866)
 Nathan Mayer (1840–1915)
 Alfred Charles (1842–1918)
 Leopold (1845–1917)

The couple maintained residences at 148 Piccadilly and Gunnersbury Park in London where, in the tradition of the English family, she used the style "de" Rothschild. Rothschild's arranged marriage flourished for 43 years based on great love and mutual respect. In an era when male and female roles were clearly defined, Charlotte had been better educated in art than her husband and would be instrumental in most of their art assemblage.

In 1858, her husband became the first unconverted Jew to sit in the British House of Commons. Charlotte Freifrau de Rothschild became one of England's most prominent socialites whose dinner invitations, according to biographer Stanley Weintraub, were favoured over those from Buckingham Palace.

In 1844, the Freifrau caused a sensation in London society when the American showman P. T. Barnum and his celebrated midget "Tom Thumb" performed at her home. However, beyond socializing and entertaining, Charlotte von Rothschild was a dedicated patron of numerous charities with a special interest in education.

Death 
Rothschild died at her Gunnersbury Park home on 13 March 1884 and was buried next to her husband in the Willesden Jewish Cemetery. Following her death, her eldest son named a newly constructed block of housing for low-income persons "Charlotte's Buildings."

See also
 Rothschild banking family of England

References

External links

English socialites
English philanthropists
English art collectors
Women art collectors
19th-century German Jews
German baronesses
Charlotte von Rothschild
1819 births
1884 deaths
Burials at Willesden Jewish Cemetery
People from the Free City of Frankfurt
Emigrants from the German Confederation to the United Kingdom
Austrian baronesses
South Gondar Zone

South Gondar (Amharic: ደቡብ ጎንደር) (or Debub Gondar) is a Zone in the Ethiopian Amhara Region. This zone is named for the city of Gondar, which was the capital of Ethiopia until the mid-19th century, and has often been used as a name for the local province.

South Gondar is bordered on the south by East Gojjam, on the southwest by West Gojjam and Bahir Dar, on the west by Lake Tana, on the north by North Gondar, on the northeast by Wag Hemra, on the east by North Wollo, and on the southeast by South Wollo; the Abbay River separates South Gondar from the two Gojjam Zones. 

The highest point in South Gondar is Mount Guna (4,231 meters). Towns and cities in this zone include Addis Zemen, Debre Tabor and Wereta.

Demographics
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 2,051,738, and an increase of 16% over the 1994 census, of whom 1,041,061 are men and 1,010,677 women. With an area of 14,095.19 square kilometers, South Gondar has a population density of 145.56; 195,619 or 9.53% are urban inhabitants. A total of 468,238 households were counted in this Zone, which results in an average of 4.38 persons to a household, and 453,658 housing units. The main ethnic group reported in South Gondar was the Amhara (99.7%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.3% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 99.7%; the remaining 0.3% spoke all other primary languages reported. 96.14% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 3.68% of the population said they were Muslim.

The 1994 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 1,768,732 in 393,311 households, of whom 904,796 were men and 863,936 women; 116,702 or 6.6% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The largest ethnic group reported in South Gondar was the Amhara (99.89%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.11% of the population. Amharic is spoken as a first language by 99.92%; the remaining 0.08% spoke all other primary languages reported. 95.49% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 4.36% of the population said they were Muslim.

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 4% of the inhabitants of South Gondar have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 66.1 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (compared to the national average of 30 kilometers), the average rural household has 1 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 0.75 for the Amhara Region) and the equivalent of 0.6 heads of livestock. 14% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a Regional average of 21%. 49% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 9% in secondary schools. 55% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and none to tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 514.

Notes

Amhara Region
Zones of Ethiopia
William Ross (Canadian politician)

William Ross (December 20, 1824 – March 17, 1912) was a Canadian politician.

Born on Boularderie Island, Nova Scotia, the son of John Ross, a Scottish immigrant, and Robina McKenzie, Ross was a merchant and shipbuilder. In 1855, he married Eliza Moore.  He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1857 to 1867. He was elected to the 1st Canadian Parliament in 1867. From 1873 to 1874, he was the Minister of Militia and Defence. Ross resigned his seat in the House of Commons in 1874 after he was named customs collector for Halifax and served until 1888.

Ross also served as a Lieutenant-colonel in the Cape Breton Militia.

In 1905, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Victoria, Nova Scotia. A Liberal, he served until his death in 1912.

Electoral record

References

1824 births
1912 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Anti-Confederation Party MPs
Canadian senators from Nova Scotia
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia

Canadian Militia officers
Ugly Planet

Ugly Planet is a music culture magazine dedicated to documenting artists who support innovation, diversity, equality, justice, and social introspection. The magazine seeks artists (regardless of genre) who endeavor to enlighten or engender political or social change.

References

External links
 Official website

Music magazines published in the United States
Magazines with year of establishment missing
Amherst Center for Russian Culture

The Amherst Center for Russian Culture was created by Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts after the gift of a major collection of Russian books, manuscripts, periodicals and ephemera by Thomas P. Whitney in 1991.  The Center has a particularly strong collection of works by and relating to Russian emigres.  Subsequent major gifts of material have come from Dmitri Tarasenkov and George Ivask.

The center has a gallery for the display of over 50 works of Russian art from the collection that was donated to the college by Thomas P. Whitney.

External links
Amherst Center for Russian Culture 

Amherst College
Libraries in Massachusetts
Art museums and galleries in Massachusetts
Museums in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
University museums in Massachusetts
Russian-American culture in Massachusetts
Russian art
Ethnic museums in Massachusetts
Museums established in 1991
Libraries in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Amherst, Massachusetts
1991 establishments in Massachusetts
Hooknose snake

Hooknose snake is a common name which can refer to 9 species of snake found throughout the southwestern United States and Mexico:

Genus Ficimia
Genus Gyalopion

Animal common name disambiguation pages
Bethlehem Chapel

The Bethlehem Chapel () is a medieval religious building in the Old Town of Prague, Czech Republic, notable for its connection with the origins of the Bohemian Reformation, especially with the Czech reformer Jan Hus.

The chapel is named for the Innocents massacred in Bethlehem by Herod the Great in an attempt to kill the newborn Jesus Christ.

History 
The Bethlehem Chapel was founded in Prague in 1391 by Wenceslas Kříž (known as 'the Merchant'), and John of Milheim, and taught solely in the Czech vernacular, thus breaking with German domination of the Medieval Bohemian church. The building was never officially called a church, only a chapel, though it could contain 3,000 people; indeed, the chapel encroached upon the parish of Sts. Philip and James, and John of Milheim paid the pastor of that church 90 grossi as compensation. 
Hus became a rector and a preacher in March 1402. After Hus's excommunication in 1412, the Pope ordered the Bethlehem chapel to be pulled down, although this action was rejected by the Czech majority on the Old Town council. After Hus's death, he was succeeded by Jacob of Mies.

In the 17th century, the building was acquired by the Jesuits. It fell into disrepair and in 1786 it was partly demolished. In 1836–1837 the surviving masonry was incorporated into a new apartment building. Under the Czechoslovakian communist regime the building was restored by the government to its state at the time of Hus. Most of the chapel's exterior walls and a small portion of the pulpit date back to the medieval chapel. The wall paintings are largely from Hus's time there, and the text below is taken from his work De sex erroribus, and contrast the poverty of Christ with the riches of the Catholic Church of Hus's time.

Asteroid 90892 Betlémská kaple, discovered by Czech astronomer Miloš Tichý at the Kleť Observatory in 1997, was named after the chapel. The official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on 3 February 2015 ().

References

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

External links 
 

1384 establishments in Europe
Churches in Prague 1
Roman Catholic chapels in the Czech Republic
National Cultural Monuments of the Czech Republic
Jan Hus
Most Faithful Majesty

Most Faithful Majesty () was the title used by the Portuguese monarchs, from 1748 to 1910.

The sobriquet Most Faithful King (, ) was a title awarded by the Pope Benedict XIV – as spiritual head of the Catholic Church – in 1748, to the King John V of Portugal and to his heirs.

The title  remains attached to monarchs descended from whoever received the original sobriquet. The sobriquet can be awarded to either a king or a queen. The only European monarchy that has received the sobriquet was the now-defunct monarchy of Portugal.

Similar titles
The monarchs of other countries have received similar titles from the pope:
 Hungary: Apostolic Majesty (awarded )
 Venice: Most Serene Republic
 France: Most Christian Majesty (awarded )
 Spain: Most Catholic Majesty (awarded in 1493)
 England: Defender of the Faith (awarded in 1521 and revoked again c. 1530 by the Pope. Granted again in 1543 by the Parliament of England.)
 Germany: Defensor Ecclesiae (Protector of the Church; awarded to Holy Roman Emperors)

References

Royal styles
Superlatives in religion
Evelina de Rothschild

Evelina Gertrude de Rothschild (25 August 1839 – 4 December 1866) was an English socialite and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England.

Biography
Evelina de Rothschild was the daughter of Baron Lionel de Rothschild (1808–1879), the first openly unconverted Jew to sit in the British House of Commons. Her mother was Charlotte von Rothschild (1819–1884), a cousin from the Naples branch of the family.

On 7 June 1865, Evelina married her second cousin Ferdinand James von Rothschild (1839–1898) of the Austrian branch of the family. Because of her parents' prominent position as one of the wealthiest and most influential families in England, guests at her wedding banquet and ball included Benjamin Disraeli, the ambassadors from Austria and France, and Prince George, Duke of Cambridge.

Following a lengthy honeymoon across Europe, Evelina and her husband settled into a home at 143 Piccadilly in London near her parents. She died on 4 December 1866 after giving birth to their first child, a stillborn son. She is buried at the Rothschild Mausoleum in the Jewish Cemetery at West Ham.

Commemoration

In her memory, her husband built, equipped, and endowed the Evelina Hospital for Sick Children in Southwark, one of the neglected and poorest districts of London. Her father Lionel assumed sponsorship, in 1867, of the first school for girls in Israel, which opened in Jerusalem in 1854, and renamed it the Evelina de Rothschild School. Her mother, Charlotte, inaugurated the Evelina Prize, awarded at Jewish elementary schools and Jews' College.

References

Further reading
 Laura S. Schor. The Best School in Jerusalem: Annie Landau's School for Girls, 1900–1960 (Brandeis University Press/University Press of New England; 2013) 320 pages; Combines a biography of the London-born educator Annie Landau (1873-1945) and a history of the Jewish Association's Evelina de Rothschild School for Girls, which she led for 45 years.

English socialites
English Jews
Evelina de Rothschild
1839 births
1866 deaths
Deaths in childbirth
English people of German-Jewish descent
Kazimierz Bartoszewicz

Kazimierz Bartoszewicz (1852–1930) was a Polish writer and historian. He spent at least part of his life in Kraków.

He was son of Julian Bartoszewicz. In his last will he donated his collection to Museum of History and Art in Łódź, which is now named after him.

Works 
 Z wesołych chwil, 1876
 Trzy dni w Zakopanem, 1890
 Lukrecjon, 1898
 Dzieje Insurekcji Kościuszkowskiej, 1908
 Dzieje Galicji, 1917

Quotes 
Stupidity is sticking on,
Understanding hardly grows itself
to the epidemic disease out.

External links
 Online scanned version of 'Dzieje Insurekcji Kościuszkoskiej' (History of (1794) Warsaw Insurrection)

1852 births
1930 deaths
19th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Polish male writers
20th-century Polish historians
Writers from Austria-Hungary
List of Ace western numeric-series single titles

Ace Books have published hundreds of western titles, starting in 1952.  Most of these were Ace Doubles (dos-à-dos format), but they also published a few single volumes.  Between 1952 and 1968, the books had a letter-series identifier; after that date they were given five digit numeric serial numbers.  There are 38 number-series western titles in the list below, but it may be incomplete.

The list given here gives a date of publication; in all cases this refers to the date of publication by Ace, and not the date of original publication of the novels.  For more information about the history of these titles, see Ace Books, which includes a discussion of the serial numbering conventions used and an explanation of the letter-code system.

04745 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Bandit of Hell's Bend
14194 WE Nelson Nye Death Valley Slim
14198 WE John Bickham Decker's Campaign
14240 WE Wayne C. Lee Die-Hard
14247 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Deputy Sheriff of Comanche County
22725 WE Nelson Nye Hellbound for Ballarat (1970)
28911 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Girl from Hollywood
29741 WE Todhunter Ballard Gold in California (1965)
29743 WE Todhunter Ballard Gold in California (1965)
30710 WE Giles A. Lutz Gun Rich
32575 WE Charles O. Locke The Hell Bent Kid
48877 WE Giles A. Lutz The Lonely Ride
48918 WE Nelson Nye Long Run
51642 WE Ray Hogan The Man from Barranca Negra
52740 WE L.P. Homes The Maverick Star (1969)
54460 WE Edgar Rice Burrough The Mucker (1974)
64512 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Outlaw of Torn
67131 WE L. L. Foreman Plundering Gun
71076 WE Clifton Adams Reckless Men
71816 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Return of the Mucker
72280 WE Edgar Rice Burroughs The Rider
72360 WE John Callahan Ride the Wild Land & Jernigan (1965)
73425 WE L. L. Foreman Rogue's Legacy (1968)
75617 WE Ray Hogan Showdown on Texas Flat
76015 WE Robert Mccaig The Shadow Maker (1970)
76181 WE Louis L'Amour (as Jim Mayo) Showdown at Yellow Butte
77520 WE Wayne Lee Son of a Gunman
77918 WE James Powell Stage to Seven Springs
78830 WE Giles A. Lutz The Stranger
79805 WE Roy Manning Tangled Trail
80400 WE Nelson Nye The Texas Gun
80575 WE Nelson Nye Thief River
82401 WE Ernest Haycox Trigger Trio
82410 WE D.B. Newton Triple Trouble
82430 WE Nelson Nye Trouble At Quinn's Crossing
88010 WE T.V. Olsen Westward They Rode
90426 WE Lee Hoffman Gunfight at Laramie
90701 WE Robert J. Hogan The Wolver

References 
Ace Image Library.  Contains images of most covers for both the singles and doubles.
Bookscans.  Contains numerous images of the Ace covers.

Western numeric-series single titles
Murmurs (album)

Murmurs is the first full-length album released by Caroline. It was released on Temporary Residence Limited.

Track listing
 Bicycle  – 3:46
 Pink & Black  – 4:41
 Sunrise  – 4:02
 Where's My Love?  – 4:22
 Everylittlething  – 3:19
 All I Need  – 3:20
 Drove Me to the Wall  – 3:50
 I'll Leave My Heart Behind  – 4:22
 Winter  – 4:48

Personnel
Caroline (vocals, lyrics, arrangement, producer)
Daniel Rosenboom (trumpet)
Johnny C (clay udu drums, shakers, spirit chime, finger cymbals, sleigh bells, cabasa, caxixi on "Bicycle")
Kai Kurosawa (producer, arrangement, mixer, programmer on "Bicycle")
Andreas Bjorck (producer, arrangement, programming, mixer on "Pink & Black", "Sunrise", "Winter", "Where's My Love"; string arrangements on "Winter")
Jeffrey Lufkin (producer, programmer on "Everylittlething")
Tarik Monsanto (mixer on "Everylittlething")
Jason Greenberg (producer, programmer, arrangement, mixer on "All I Need" and "Drove Me To The Wall")
Tomoji Sogawa (producer, programmer, arrangement on "I'll Leave My Heart Behind")
Makoto Totani (guitar on "I'll Leave My Heart Behind")
Masahiko Sato (recording engineer on "I'l Leave My Heart Behind")
Wataru_Pop (mix)

Reviews 
Reviews compared soloist Caroline to Icelandic singer Bjork, as well as her vocal range (from sultry whisper to pop diva). Other aspects of the album noted were the various instrumentation in the individual songs.

References

External links
Murmurs lyrics

2006 albums
Temporary Residence Limited albums
Doubs (disambiguation)

Doubs may refer to:

Doubs (river) , a river in France and Switzerland
Doubs (department) , a department of France
Doubs, Doubs , a municipality in this department
Romeo Doubs (born 2000), American football player
The American Boy's Handy Book

The American Boy's Handy Book is a handbook of activities intended for boys, written by a founder of the Boy Scouts of America, Daniel Carter Beard. It is divided into seasonal sections, with activities appropriate for each season in their respective sections. Originally published in New York City in 1882 with 254 black-and-white figures and 63 illustrations. The 2010 Centennial Edition of the book was granted the Gelett Burgess Children's Book Award in the Sports and Hobbies category.

Background
This book for American boys in the late 19th century is filled with black & white illustrations and schematics. It gives instruction and advice on subjects ranging from kites, fishing, knots, telescopes, tents, soap bubbles, snowball warfare, puppets, kaleidoscopes, whirligigs, costumes, decoys and fireworks. There are many topics related to animals and wildlife—even including taxidermy and trapping. The projects range in complexity. From the very simple (like paper crafts), to the quite involved—such as boat construction.

Further reading
 Beard, Daniel Carter [1890] (1995). The American Boy's Handy Book. Originally published: New York, Scribner. This edition: Lincoln, Massachusetts, David Godine.

See also

Boy Scout Handbook

References

External links
 The American Boy's Handy Book at inquiry.net
 The American Boy's Handy Book 1920 edition at archive.org

Literature of the Boy Scouts of America
Children's non-fiction books
1890 non-fiction books
1890s children's books
American children's books
Larne (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)

Larne was a single-member county constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

Boundaries and boundary changes
This was a division of County Antrim. Before 1929, it was part of the seven-member Antrim constituency. The constituency sent one MP to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland from 1929 until the Parliament was temporarily suspended in 1972, and then formally abolished in 1973.

In terms of the then local government areas the constituency in 1929 comprised parts of the rural districts of Antrim, Ballymena and Larne. The division also included the whole of the urban districts of Larne and Whitehead.

Members of Parliament

Elections

The parliamentary representatives of the division were elected using the first past the post system.

 Appointment of Hanna as a County Court Judge

 Death of Robinson

 Appointment of Topping as Recorder of Belfast

 Parliament prorogued 30 March 1972 and abolished 18 July 1973

References
 Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921-1972, compiled and edited by Sydney Elliott (Political Reference Publications 1973)

External source
 For the exact definition of Northern Ireland constituency boundaries see http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/boundaries.html

Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies established in 1929
Constituencies of the Northern Ireland Parliament
Historic constituencies in County Antrim
Larne
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies disestablished in 1973
British NVC community H2

NVC community H2 (Calluna vulgaris - Ulex minor heath) is one of the heath communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of five communities categorised as lowland dry heaths.

It has a localised distribution in southern England. There are three subcommunities.

Community composition

The following constant species are found in this community:
 Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
 Wavy Hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa)
 Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)
 Dwarf Gorse (Ulex minor)

Two rare species, Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii) and Hairy Greenweed (Genista pilosa), are associated with the community.

Distribution

This community is confined to southern England, from Dorset to Surrey and Kent, with the greatest concentrations occurring in the New Forest, Hampshire.

Subcommunities

There are three subcommunities:
 the so-called typical subcommunity
 the Vaccinium myrtillus subcommunity
 the Molinia caerulea subcommunity

References

 Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 2 - Mires and heaths  (hardback),  (paperback)

H02
Mildred Fox

Mildred Fox (born 17 June 1971) is an Irish former  independent politician. She was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 1995 to 2007.

Private life
She was educated at St. Kilian's Community School in Bray and is a graduate of University College Dublin holding a BA degree. Before becoming a TD, she worked as a hotel manager. She is married to Daryl Tighe, and they have four children.

Political career
During the 1997 to 2002 Dáil she gained some notability as she, and other independent TDs, supported the government which otherwise would not have had an overall majority. Before and after this period she was little known outside Wicklow. She was also a member of Wicklow County Council from 1995 to 2003, when she vacated her seat in favour of her brother, Christopher, when the dual mandate ended.

She was first elected to the 27th Dáil at the Wicklow by-election in June 1995 following the death of her father, sitting independent TD Johnny Fox.  She was re-elected at the 1997 general election and again at the 2002 general election. On both occasions, she was the last candidate to reach the quota. In 2002 she was elected by an extremely narrow margin of 19 votes over the Labour Party candidate Nicky Kelly. She retired at the 2007 general election. Fox wished to spend more time with her children, telling The Irish Times in 2010 that "the family had to come first."

After retiring from politics, Fox started an ice cream business, and has volunteered at a local charity shop. She sings with the country band The Whipperwills and the folk duo Hidden Stills.

References

 

1971 births
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Members of Wicklow County Council
Independent TDs
Irish Anglicans
Members of the 27th Dáil
Members of the 28th Dáil
Members of the 29th Dáil
20th-century women Teachtaí Dála
21st-century women Teachtaí Dála
People from Bray, County Wicklow
Politicians from County Wicklow
Independent local councillors in the Republic of Ireland
Edward Selby Smyth

General Sir Edward Selby Smyth,  (31 March 1819 22 September 1896) was a British General. He served as the first General Officer Commanding the Militia of Canada from 1874 to 1880.

Military career
Educated at Putney College in Surrey, Smyth was commissioned in to the 2nd Queen's Royal Regiment in 1841. He went straight to India only returning with his Regiment to England as Adjutant of his Battalion in 1846. He went to South Africa in 1851 to protect the administration of the Orange River Sovereignty from attack by the Basotho and Khoikhoi people.

In 1853 he was made Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster-General of the 2nd Division in South Africa and then Adjutant and Quartermaster-General at British Army Headquarters in South Africa.

In 1861 he was appointed Inspector-General of the Militia in Ireland and was involved in suppressing the early stages of the Fenian Rising. He was appointed General Officer Commanding British Troops in Mauritius in 1870.

He was made General Officer Commanding the Militia of Canada in 1874: he carried out the role successfully and was thanked by the Governor-General of Canada for protecting Montreal from rioting.

Family
In 1848 he married Lucy Sophia Julia Campbell, daughter of Major-General Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet and Pamela FitzGerald.

References

 
 

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1819 births
1896 deaths
Military personnel from Belfast
British Army generals
Canadian generals
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Queen's Royal Regiment officers
Commanders of the Canadian Army
J. Hyam Rubinstein

Joachim Hyam Rubinstein FAA (born 7 March 1948, in Melbourne)  an Australian top mathematician specialising in low-dimensional topology; he is currently serving as an honorary professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Melbourne, having retired in 2019. 

He has spoken and written widely on the state of the mathematical sciences in Australia, with particular focus on the impacts of reduced Government spending for university mathematics departments.

Education

In 1965, Rubinstein matriculated (i.e. graduated) from Melbourne High School in Melbourne, Australia winning the maximum of four exhibitions.  In 1969, he graduated from Monash University in Melbourne, with a B.Sc.(Honours) degree in mathematics.

In 1974, Rubinstein  received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley under the advisership of John Stallings. His dissertation was on the topic of Isotopies of Incompressible Surfaces in Three Dimensional Manifolds.

Research interests
His major contributions include results involving almost normal Heegaard splittings and the closely related joint work with Jon T. Pitts relating strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings to minimal surfaces, joint work with William Jaco on special triangulations of 3-manifolds (namely 0-efficient and 1-efficient triangulations), and joint work with Martin Scharlemann on the Rubinstein–Scharlemann graphic.  He is a key figure in the algorithmic theory of 3-manifolds, and one of the initial developers of the Regina program, which implements his 3-sphere recognition algorithm.

His research interests also include: shortest networks applied to underground mine design, machine learning, learning theory, financial mathematics, and stock market trading systems.

Honours
 Past President of the Australian Mathematical Society.
 Chair of the Australian Committee for the Mathematical Sciences.
 Elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2003.
 Recipient of the Hannan Medal in 2004.
 Recipient of the George Szekeres Medal in 2008.
 Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, 2012.
From July 11 to 22, 2011, a workshop and conference in his honour, jointly titled “Hyamfest: Geometry & Topology Down Under”, were held at the University of Melbourne.

References

External links

Interview
LinkedIn page

1948 births
20th-century Australian  mathematicians
21st-century Australian mathematicians
Topologists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Academic staff of the University of Melbourne
Mathematicians from Melbourne
Living people
People educated at Melbourne High School
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Illinois Times

Illinois Times is a weekly free newspaper (distributed every Thursday) based in Springfield, Illinois, United States. 

Founded in 1975, the newspaper was acquired in 1977 by Fletcher Farrar Sr., a Mount Vernon businessman who employed his son, Fletcher, Jr. (Bud), as editor. The senior Farrar died in 1995; his son sold the paper two years later. Farrar Jr. reacquired control in 2002 and returned as editor in 2008. The newspaper distributes about 28,000 copies at more than 400 locations in the Springfield, Illinois area.

References

External links

Springfield, Illinois
Newspapers published in Illinois
Alternative weekly newspapers published in the United States
Newspapers established in 1975
Companies based in Sangamon County, Illinois
1975 establishments in Illinois
Royal Flash

Royal Flash is a 1970 novel by George MacDonald Fraser. It is the second of the Flashman novels. It was made into the film Royal Flash in 1975 and remains the only Flashman novel to be filmed.

Plot summary
Royal Flash is set during the Revolutions of 1848. The story features Lola Montez and Otto von Bismarck as major characters, and fictionalises elements of the Schleswig-Holstein Question, 1843, 1847 and 1848. It is set in the fictional Duchy of Strackenz, making it the only Flashman novel to be set in a fictitious location.

Other characters include: 
Prince Edward 
Lola Montez 
Ludwig I of Bavaria 
John Gully 
Nicholas Ward 
Lord Conyngham 
Richard Wagner 
Franz Liszt 
Oscar Wilde 
Henry Irving 
Karl Marx 
Lord Palmerston 
Viscount Peel 
Jefferson Davis

The book is loosely based on the plot of The Prisoner of Zenda. Flashman explains that this is because the story was plagiarised from him by its author, Anthony Hope. In a letter, Fraser wrote that during his researches into an earlier Flashman book he had discovered that in real life Bismarck and Lola Montez had been in London at the same time. He added that it had been too good an opportunity to miss.

The book's plot is anachronistic in depicting Bismarck already in 1848 striving for the unification of Germany. In fact, during the revolutions of 1848 Bismarck was completely opposed to German Unification, which in 1848 was a cause promoted by radical revolutionaries that the conservative Bismarck detested. Unlike his depiction in the book, Bismarck only took up German Unification much later in his career, when he could use it to enhance the power of the Prussian Monarchy and of himself. 

1970 British novels
Flashman novels
Fiction set in 1848
Barrie & Jenkins books
Novels set in the 1840s
British novels adapted into films
Cultural depictions of Lola Montez
Cultural depictions of Otto von Bismarck
Novels set in fictional countries
Cultural depictions of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
Cultural depictions of Edward VII
Cultural depictions of Richard Wagner
Cultural depictions of Franz Liszt
Cultural depictions of Oscar Wilde
Cultural depictions of Karl Marx