alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Chyandour

Chyandour (, meaning "house of the water") is a small settlement within the town of Penzance in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is on the north-east edge of the town straddling the A30 trunk road. The Chyandour Brook rises near Carfury and flows into Mount's Bay at Chyandour. Before 1934 Chyandour was in the parish of Madron and was the site of a large tin smelting works.

Industry 
In around 1660 John Tremenheere, in anticipation of Penzance becoming a Stannary town, set up a smelting works, just outside the Borough of Penzance's boundary at Chyandour. In 1760 when Thomas Bolitho arrived in Penzance from Penryn, the smelting works at Chyandour was run by the Praed family. By the time tin production was at its maximum the business was run by the Bolitho family who lived in Coombe House, and in 1867 bought the estate at Trengwainton, Madron.

Still in use, the Bolitho Estate Office was built in 1860, and at that time the first floor was a bank with the vault under the caretaker's ground floor accommodation. Wagon drivers would stop at the bank to collect their money before driving up Chyandour Coombe to the smelting works. In 1883 the smelting works was the largest of nine in Cornwall covering  to . It consisted of a number of long, one storey, slated buildings with several chimneys belching smoke and flames. There were four furnaces which were built of brick  thick and clamped with iron bands. Each lasted five to six weeks, when it required rebuilding. Fifteen men worked twelve hour shifts, with nights every other week, for 19 shillings a week. The tin ore was stored between large wooden barriers (known as hutches) with each compartment storing differing qualities. The ore came straight from the mines, or from ″valuable″ Australian stream ore (containing 75% tin), or low quality ore from the ″Red River″. The ore was heated and the tin flowed into cast iron crucibles where it was re-heated to remove impurities. It was then ladled into bars, blocks, ingots, etc., which weighed from one pound to a hundredweight or more. A small iron slab with Messrs Bolitho's trade mark was laid on the molten tin to leave an impression and the tin was shipped within this country or exported to Russia, America, etc.

Anthracite was brought in by sea, the ships landing on the beach near the mouth of the Chyandour Brook, which was outside the boundary of Penzance and hence they did not have to pay harbour dues. The cargo was carried through the three tunnels under the railway line and hauled up the slipway to the smelting works. The works closed in 1912 and was demolished in 1930; some of the walls and crucibles can still be seen.

The tanning pits in the tanning yard and tens of thousands of pounds' worth of cured hides were removed in 1886. The yard was made into a ″shrubbery″.

Legends
The area between Marazion and Chyandour was mostly marsh and the Eastern Green was haunted by a white lady who would rise from the marsh, jump on the back of a traveller's horse and ride pillion-fashion as far as the Red River (Chyandour Brooke), just below the smelting works.

References

Penzance
Hamlets in Cornwall
Jürgen Heuser

Jürgen Heuser (born 13 March 1953 in Barth, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a German weightlifter.

In 1978, participating for the German Democratic Republic, he won the World Championship in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow he won a silver medal in the +110 kg class.

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
People from Barth, Germany
German male weightlifters
Olympic weightlifters for East Germany
East German male weightlifters
Olympic silver medalists for East Germany
Weightlifters at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in weightlifting
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Haigh, West Yorkshire

Haigh is a hamlet, straddling the counties of South and West Yorkshire in England. It is split between the Barnsley and Wakefield districts. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it grew as a pit village and had its own colliery until 1968. Thereafter, Woolley Colliery became the main source of employment until its closure in 1987.

References

Villages in West Yorkshire
Villages in South Yorkshire
Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
Geography of the City of Wakefield
Grün

Grün (sometimes transliterated as gruen) is a German word and surname meaning "green".

People
 Anastasius Grün, pseudonym of Count Anton Alexander von Auersperg (1806–1876), Austrian poet and liberal politician
 Anselm Grün, German Benedictine friar, author of spiritual books, and clerical advisor
 Arno Gruen, German psychologist and psychoanalyst
 David Grün, birth name of politician David Ben-Gurion, Polish-Israeli first Prime Minister of Israel and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization
 Derek Gruen, birth name of musician Del Marquis, the lead guitarist for the group Scissor Sisters
 Dick Grune, computer scientist
 Dietrich Gruen, founder of the Gruen Watch Company
 Eberhard Grün, German planetary scientist
 Erich S. Gruen, American classicist and ancient historian
 Fred Gruen, Australian economist, an early and influential voice in favour of free trade and tariff reductions in the 1960s and 1970s
 Frederick G. Gruen, son of Dietrich Gruen, player in Gruen Watch Company
 George J. Gruen, son of Dietrich Gruen, player in the Gruen Watch Company
 Georges Grün, a former football defender and a TV presenter for the UEFA Champions League matches at RTL TVI
 Jakob Grün (Hungarian: Grün Jakab; 1837–1916), an Austrian violinist of Hungarian origin
 John Jonas Gruen (1926–2016), American art critic, author, photographer, composer
 Jules-Alexandre Grün, French painter
 Karl Theodor Ferdinand Grün, German political theorist
 Sara Gruen, Canadian Author
 Stefan Grun, Australian rules football umpire in the AFL
 Victor Gruen (1903–1980), an Austrian-born commercial architect who emigrated to the United States in 1938 and is the father of the modern American shopping mall

Organizations
 Die Grünen, the name of several green parties:
 Alliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), a German party
 The Greens – The Green Alternative (Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative), an Austrian party
 Green Party of Switzerland (Grüne Partei der Schweiz)
 Gruen Watch Co., an American watch company

Recreation
 Gruene Hall, the oldest dance hall in Texas
 Grune, a character in the role-playing game Tales of Legendia

Other
 Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia), a pre-World War II German plan for an aggressive war against Czechoslovakia
 Gruen transfer, in shopping mall design, the moment when consumers respond to "scripted disorientation" cues in the environment
 Gruen (TV series), Australian TV program about advertising

See also
 Grin (disambiguation)

German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Surnames from nicknames
Rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles

The men's doubles competition was one of two rackets events held as part of the Rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Nations could enter up to 6 pairs (12 players), though only Great Britain competed with a total of 3 pairs (6 players).

Results

References

 
 

Men's doubles
Sophronius IV of Alexandria

Sophronius III (; 1798 – 3 September 1899) served as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1863 to 1866. He was elected Greek Patriarch of Alexandria on 30 May 1870. He served there as Sophronius IV until his death on September 3, 1899. He established the Holy Church of the Transfiguration of the Saviour in 1888 in the city of Port Said. His Alexandrian patriarchate was marked by unfair expulsion of Nectarios of Aegina, who was later elevated to sainthood.

References

19th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
Sophronius 04
Greek centenarians
Men centenarians
1798 births
1899 deaths
Greek Orthodox bishops of Chios

Constantinopolitan Greeks
Clergy from Istanbul
Postal codes in Finland

Finland has used five-digit numeric postal codes since the 1970s. The first and second digits designate the general area of the municipality of the address, while the last three designate a smaller region within that larger area. The numeric postal code is usually accompanied by a written name for the smaller region. 

Corporations receiving large amounts of mail may have their own postal codes, also consisting of a five-digit numeric code and the name of the company. 

A special postal code 99999 is used for the residence of the Finnish Joulupukki, Korvatunturi.

Notes

References 

Finland
Fahrudin Omerović

Fahrudin Omerović (born 26 August 1961) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He serves assistant coach at Fenerbahçe. In Turkey, Omerović became known as Fahrettin Ömerli while playing there; he took up Turkish citizenship as a naturalized citizen.

Club career
Born in Doboj, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Omerović begin his career in FK Sloboda Tuzla, making his debut in the Yugoslav First League in the 1980–81 season. He spent four seasons playing in Tuzla, when in summer 1984 he was transferred to FK Partizan where he will become the main goalkeeper for the following eight seasons.  With Partizan he won two Yugoslav championships, two Yugoslav Cups, and one Supercup.

After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, he made a transfer to Kocaelispor in 1992. He played Kocaelispor for four years. After he moved to İstanbulspor and played there for 2 years. Finally he retired in 1998-99 season.

International career
Omerović was capped eight times for Yugoslavia between 1989 and 1992, including a spot in Yugoslavia's 1990 World Cup roster where he spent the tournament as an unused backup to Tomislav Ivković. Even after the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Omerović was included in the Yugoslav squad for Euro 1992, but the nation would be suspended due to the Yugoslav Wars.

In 1996, he played three matches for the newly established Bosnian national team. His final international was an October 1996 World Cup qualification match against Croatia.

Coaching career
After retiring, he stayed in Turkey where he has undertaken a coaching career.  Initially he worked as assistant of Safet Sušić and Aykut Kocaman, before beginning his career as a main coach working in clubs such as İstanbulspor, Malatyaspor and Ankaraspor.

Honours
Yugoslav First League: 1985–86, 1986–87
Yugoslav Cup: 1989, 1992
Yugoslav Supercup: 1989

References

External links
 
 
 Fahrudin Omerović at TFF.org

1961 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Doboj
Bosnia and Herzegovina emigrants to Turkey
Naturalized citizens of Turkey
Men's association football goalkeepers
Yugoslav men's footballers
Yugoslavia men's international footballers
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers
Dual men's international footballers
FK Sloboda Tuzla players
FK Partizan players
Kocaelispor footballers
İstanbulspor footballers
Yugoslav First League players
Süper Lig players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
Fenerbahçe S.K. (football) non-playing staff
İstanbul Başakşehir F.K. non-playing staff
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Joachim II of Constantinople

Joachim II (1802 – 5 August 1878) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1860 to 1863 and from 1873 to 1878.

References

Clergy from Chios
1802 births
1878 deaths
Bishops of Ioannina
19th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
Grünfeld

Grünfeld, Grunfeld, or Gruenfeld may refer to:

People
 Deborah H. Gruenfeld, American social psychologist
 Yehuda Gruenfeld (born 1956), Israeli chess Grandmaster
 A. Tom Grunfeld (born 1946), SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor at Empire State College
 Alfred Grünfeld (1852–1924), Austrian pianist and composer
 Berthold Grünfeld (1932–2007), Norwegian psychiatrist, sexologist, and professor of social medicine
 Dan Grunfeld (born 1984), American-Romanian professional basketball player 
 Ernie Grunfeld (born 1955), American former professional basketball player
 Ernst Grünfeld (1893–1962), Austrian chess grandmaster and chess writer
 Heinrich Grünfeld (1855–1931), Bohemian-Austrian violoncellist
 Henry Grunfeld (1904–1999), merchant banker
 Isidor Grunfeld (1900–1975), dayan and author
 Nina Grunfeld (born 1954), British writer, journalist, public speaker, and entrepreneur
 Yehuda Grunfeld (1929/19301960), econometrician in the late 1950s

Other
 Grünfeld Defence, a chess opening

See also
 Greenfeld
 Greenfield (disambiguation)
 Gryunfeld (disambiguation)
Authorised deposit-taking institution

Financial institutions in Australia are only permitted to accept deposits from the public if they are authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs). The ADI’s authority is granted by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) under the Banking Act 1959 (Cth). 

The term was adopted to formalise the right of non-bank financial institutions — such as building societies, credit unions and friendly societies — to accept such deposits. All ADIs are subject to the same prudential standards as banks but for a corporation to use word  'bank', 'building society' and 'credit union' in its name, it must meet certain requirements.

The concept of an ADI replaced that of "bank" following the recommendations of the Wallis Report in March 1997.

The statutory requirements of an ADI are elucidated in case Commissioners of the State Savings Bank of Victoria v Permewan, Wright & Co Ltd (1914). The case was seminal in characterising essential elements of a bank as being the collection of money by receiving deposits upon loan, repayable when and as expressly or impliedly agreed upon, and the utilisation of the money by lending it again in such sums as are required. If this is the institution's real and substantial business, and not merely an ancillary or incidental branch of another business, they are deemed to be a bank.

Restricted ADI
On 4 May 2018, APRA created a restricted ADI (RADI) framework to assist potential new entrants to the banking industry, particularly small firms with limited financial resources, to navigate the licensing process. Eligible entities can conduct a limited range of business activities for two years. On 7 May 2018, APRA issued the first RADI to Volt Bank.

Australian government deposit guarantee
Since 2008, as part of the response to the global financial crisis, the Australian government set up the Financial Claims Scheme (FCS) to provide protection to depositors in ADIs in the event that an ADI fails. The FCS guarantees certain deposits (currently up to $250,000 for each account holder at any ADI incorporated in Australia). All deposits held by an account holder with a single financial institution are added together towards the FCS limit, including accounts with any other business that the ADI operates under a different trading name.

Initially, there was uncertainty as to whether deposits in foreign-owned banks were covered by the FCS, leading to a great outflow of funds from these banks. The government clarified that Australian-incorporated subsidiaries of foreign banks in Australia are covered in the same way as local banks.

See also
 Banking in Australia
 Financial institution
 Money service business
 Non-bank financial institution

References

External links
APRA - Register of authorised deposit-taking institutions

Banking in Australia
Banking terms
Greenfeld


Greenfeld (, ) is a surname, which may refer to:

 Alon Greenfeld, an Israeli chess grandmaster
 Boruch Greenfeld, a rabbi and Torah scholar
 Josh Greenfeld (1928–2018), an author and screenwriter mostly known for his screenplay for the 1974 film Harry and Tonto
 Karl Taro Greenfeld, a journalist and author known primarily for his articles on life in modern Asia
 Liah Greenfeld, director of the Institute for the Advancement of the Social Sciences at Boston University
 Sherman Greenfeld, Canadian racquetball player
 Tzvia Greenfeld, Israeli politician
 Yehuda Gruenfeld (Greenfeld)

Grinfeld 

 Alla Grinfeld (born 1953), Russian-American woman grandmaster chess player
 Nadejda Grinfeld (1887–1918), a Bessarabian politician
 Pavel Grinfeld, an applied mathematician

Grynfeld 

 Izaak Grynfeld (1912–?), a Polish–Israeli chess master

See also 
 Grünfeld
 Greenfield (disambiguation)
 Greenbaum
 Greenberg
 Greenstein (disambiguation)
 Greenwald
 Szlachta polska na Wołyniu

References 

Surnames of Jewish origin
Germanic-language surnames
Yiddish-language surnames

de:Greenfeld
ru:Гринфельд
Slipstream (band)

Slipstream are an English indie rock band, not to be confused with the American band "The Slipstream", were formed in 1994 after Mark Refoy left Spiritualized. The band consisted of Ian Anderson on guitar, Gary Lennon on bass, Steve Beswick on drums and occasional appearances from Jonny Mattock who had also stopped drumming for Spiritualized later that year. Over the following five years the band released two albums, Slipstream and Be Groovy Or Leave, and a compilation CD, Side Effects, all on Ché Trading.

In 1999, the band ceased recording after releasing a final single, "Everything And Anything", on the Enraptured label. The track featured on the soundtrack to the BBC Three sitcom, Ideal starring Johnny Vegas.

In 2004, Slipstream now down to a two-piece consisting of the former Spacemen 3 members, Mark Refoy and Jonny Mattock, decided to play live again, with the help of electronic augmentation.  Both men reside in their home town of Northampton.

In January 2008, Slipstream released their new album Mantra as a download at www.northernstarrecords.co.uk. The twelve-track album was mixed by Pete Gleadall at his West London studio, Hoedown City. Mantra was released on CD on the Enraptured label on 27 October 2008. All songs were written by Mark Refoy and Jonny Mattock. The album Stereo Brain Mono Heart, was released in 2013 on the Mind Expansion label in the US.

He appeared alongside former Levitation and Dark Star guitarist Bic Hayes on the world tour for the Pet Shop Boys, including an appearance headlining the Live 8 concert, Moscow.  
 
Refoy and Mattock have also played on the Freelovebabies album by former Spacemen 3/Spiritualized bassist Will Carruthers.

Discography

EPs and singles

Albums

Compilation albums

References

External links
 MySpace site

English indie rock groups
Musical groups established in 1994
Cyril VII of Constantinople

Cyril VII (1775-1872) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1855 to 1860.

His predecessor Anthimus VI was unpopular in the church and the Holy Synod formally petitioned the Ottoman government to depose him; the government agreed and choose the new Patriarch. As such, Cyril ascended the Ecumenical throne on October 2, 1855.

He came to power during the Crimean War and witnessed the signing of Sultan Abdulmejid I’s Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 which promised equality in education and justice to everyone, regardless of their religious beliefs.

He was not a well-educated or an energetic person. Nonetheless, he did much for His Church and people. He did his best to raise funds for the victims of an earthquake in the diocese of Prusa. He issued instructions in the sphere of marriage and family life. 

Due to the politics of the war, Cyril had a lot of enemies. He eventually resigned as Patriarch and spent the rest of his life in prayer and solitude in  Halki.

He is buried at  Hagia Triada Church in Istanbul.

References
   

19th-century Greek people
19th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
1775 births
1872 deaths
Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822

The Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822 (3 Geo. 4. c. 71) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the long title "An Act to prevent the cruel and improper Treatment of Cattle"; it is sometimes known as Martin's Act, after the MP and animal rights campaigner Richard Martin. It is the first pieces of animal welfare legislation in recorded history.

The Act listed "ox, cow, heifer, steer, sheep, or other cattle". This was held not to include bulls. A further act, the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 (5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 59, s. 2) extended the wording of this Act to remedy the issue.

This Act was repealed by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1849.

See also 
 Animal welfare in the United Kingdom

References

Animal welfare and rights legislation in the United Kingdom
Cruelty to animals
Repealed United Kingdom Acts of Parliament
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1822
The Fun Girls

The Fun Girls ("Daphne and Skippy") are fictional recurring characters on  The Andy Griffith Show, an American TV sitcom from the 1960s.

Overview
"The Fun Girls" (sardonically nicknamed by Thelma Lou) were a pair of fun-loving women: the giggly Skippy (played by Joyce Jameson) and the gravel-voiced Daphne (played by Jean Carson). The two hailed from Mount Pilot, the "big city" near the small town of Mayberry. They were flirtatious, they loved dancing, and their appearance in town almost always meant trouble for Sheriff Andy Taylor and Deputy Barney Fife (both of whom had steady girlfriends). Skippy was characterized by her high-pitched, grating laugh and was generally attracted to Barney (whom she incessantly called "Bernie"). Daphne was known for her throaty greeting "Hello Doll" and was attracted to Andy.

The first appearance of the Fun Girls resulted in Andy receiving a black-eye during a scuffle with Daphne's erstwhile boyfriend.

On one occasion, Andy and Barney had to cancel their dates with their girlfriends Helen Crump and Thelma Lou respectively so they could work late at the courthouse, only to be interrupted by Skippy and Daphne. Andy and Barney innocently tried to escort the two back to Mt. Pilot so they could finish their work, but were spotted in the car with them by their girlfriends. To get back at them, Helen and Thelma Lou went out with cousins Gomer and Goober Pyle, and in turn, Andy and Barney went out with the Fun Girls. By the end of the day, it was apparent that Gomer and Goober were better matches for the Fun Girls as they genuinely seemed to enjoy each other's company.

Their last appearance has them coming to Mayberry to have a fun time with Andy and Barney, much to their chagrin as they want nothing to do with the girls. They try to keep them occupied before leaving to go on dates with Helen and Thelma Lou, but Barney is forced to stay to make sure they don't wreck the courthouse. Thelma Lou and Helen discover the girls in the courthouse and the men in compromising positions, they leave in a huff. Fed up, Andy explodes at them, telling them to get out of town, which the Fun Girls do, much to Skippy's dismay. The men make up with their girlfriends and have a date night at Andy's house, only to discover the Fun Girls there, putting the men back at the bottom of the barrel with their girlfriends.

The Fun Girls made three appearances on The Andy Griffith Show from 1962 to 1965:

Jean Carson also appeared in the episode "Convicts at Large", playing a man-hating, escaped prisoner convicted of spousal abuse.

The Andy Griffith Show characters
Fictional characters from North Carolina
Islam Shah Suri

Islam Shah Suri (reigned: 1545–1554), born Jalal Khan, also known as Salim Shah Suri, was the second ruler of the Suri dynasty which ruled parts of India in the mid-16th century. He was the second son of Sher Shah Suri.

History
On his father's death, an emergency meeting of nobles chose Jalal Khan to be successor instead of his elder brother Adil Khan, since he had shown greater military ability. Jalal Khan was crowned on 26 May 1545 and took the title "Islam Shah". He was still worried that his brother would threaten his power and tried to have him captured. But Adil Khan evaded his grasp and raised an army. It marched on Islam Shah while he was at Agra. In the battle Islam Shah came out victorious and Adil Khan fled, never to be seen again.

The support some of the nobles had given his brother made Islam Shah suspicious and he ruthlessly purged their ranks, strictly subordinating the nobility to the crown. He continued his father's policies of efficient administration and increased centralization. He had little opportunity for military campaigning; the fugitive Mughal emperor Humayun, whom his father had overthrown, made one abortive attempt to attack him. He did however lead one major campaign against Kalinjar.

Death
Islam Shah died on 22 November 1554. He was succeeded by his son Firuz Shah Suri, who was only twelve. Within a few days the boy ruler had been murdered by Sher Shah's nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan, who then ascended the throne as Muhammad Adil Shah. The incomplete tomb of Islam Shah lies about a kilometer to the North-West of Sher Shah's tomb.

References

External links
 Islam Shah Sur, the forerunner of Akbar in reforms and policies

1554 deaths
Sur Empire
16th-century Indian Muslims
16th-century Indian monarchs
Indian people of Pashtun descent
1545 in India
Year of birth unknown
Firuz Shah Suri

Firuz Shah Suri (died 1554) was the third ruler of the Suri dynasty. He was the son of Islam Shah Suri and succeeded him in 1554 when he was twelve years old. Firuz Shah Suri was assassinated within days of his coronation by Sher Shah Suri's nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan, who later ruled as Muhammad Shah Adil.

See also
History of Bengal
History of India
Sur Empire

References 

1540s births
Sur Empire
16th-century Indian Muslims
16th-century Indian monarchs
Indian people of Pashtun descent
Indian people of Afghan descent
1554 deaths
1554 in India
Monster vertex algebra

The monster vertex algebra (or moonshine module) is a vertex algebra acted on by the monster group that was constructed by Igor Frenkel, James Lepowsky, and Arne Meurman. R. Borcherds used it to prove the monstrous moonshine conjectures, by applying the Goddard–Thorn theorem of string theory to construct the monster Lie algebra, an infinite-dimensional generalized Kac–Moody algebra acted on by the monster.

The Griess algebra is the same as the degree 2 piece of the monster vertex algebra, and the Griess product is one of the vertex algebra products. It can be constructed as conformal field theory describing 24 free bosons compactified on the torus induced by the Leech lattice and orbifolded by the two-element reflection group.

References
 
 

Non-associative algebra
Ob–Yenisei Canal

The Ob–Yenisei Canal, also known as the Ket-Kas Canal is a disused waterway that connected the basins of the rivers Ob and Yenisei in Siberia.

Location

The waterway connected the Ket River, a tributary of the Ob with the Greater Kas River, a tributary of the Yenisei, making use of their tributaries and lakes. The divide between the two river systems (which is also the border between today's Tomsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai) is spanned by a 
hand-dug canal 8 km long, 20 m wide at the bottom, and 2.1 m (7 feet) deep.

History
The canal was built in a period between 1882 and 1891, but was too shallow and narrow to compete with the
Trans-Siberian Railway.

Plans to improve the canal were considered around 1911, but were abandoned due to the beginning of the First World War.
The canal was severely damaged during the Civil War, and closed for navigation in 1921.

The canal was used one more time in 1942, when three steamboats and a cutter managed to make their way from the
Yenisei to the Ob, but the passage was extremely difficult.

The canal is now fully abandoned. It is occasionally reached by tourists using canoes, cars, or bicycles, or on foot.

References
 Евсеева Н. С. География Томской области. (Природные условия и ресурсы.). — Томск: Изд-во Томского ун-та, 2001. — 223 с. — С. 28–30.
 
 Дмитрий Лапин. Печальная история одного грандиозного проекта // Красноярский Рабочий, 05.09.2003
 Спутниковое фото (Wikimapia)

External links 

 Some pictures of the canal

Transport in Siberia
Canals in Russia
Buildings and structures in Tomsk Oblast
Buildings and structures in Krasnoyarsk Krai
COb-Yenisei
COb-Yenisei
Canals opened in 1891
Transport in Tomsk Oblast
Transport in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Natural Selection (disambiguation)

Natural selection is the process by which individual organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Natural Selection may also refer to:
 Natural Selection (manuscript), Charles Darwin's main work on evolution, on which he based his abstract On the Origin of Species

Film
 Teresa's Tattoo, a 1994 film also known as Natural Selection
 Natural Selection (2011 film), a 2011 American independent comedy/drama film
 Natural Selection (2016 film), a 2016 American drama film

Music

Artists
 Natural Selection (group), a music group, plus their self-titled album

Albums
 Natural Selection (Tunnels album), 1993 (with Percy Jones)
 Natural Selection (Fuel album), 2003
 Natural Selection (Sounds from the Ground album), 2003
 Natural Selection (Frank Gambale album), 2010
 Natural Selection (Hunters & Collectors album), 2003

Songs
 "Natural Selection", song by Unkle from Where Did the Night Fall

Television
 "Natural Selection" (The Spectacular Spider-Man), a 2008 episode of The Spectacular Spider-Man
 "Natural Selection", an episode of The Unit (season 2)

Video games
 Natural Selection (video game), a 2002 modification for the computer game Half-Life
 Natural Selection 2, a 2012 sequel for the 2002 computer game
Episcopal Diocese of Maine

The Episcopal Diocese of Maine is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and encompasses the entire State of Maine.  It is part of the Province of New England — Province I of the ECUSA.

The Diocese has 57 year-round congregations and 17 summer chapels. The see city is Portland. Its cathedral is the Cathedral Church of St. Luke. Thomas J. Brown was elected tenth Bishop of Maine on February 9, 2019. Brown was consecrated and assumed office on June 22, 2019. Brown is the first openly gay bishop to lead the diocese.

The Diocese of Maine was created in 1820 from the Eastern Diocese (which included all of New England save Connecticut) and elected its first bishop, George Burgess in 1847.

Bishops
George Burgess (1847 - 1866)
Henry A. Neely (1867 - 1899)
Robert Codman (1900 - 1915)
Benjamin Brewster (1916 - 1940)
Oliver Leland Loring (1941 - 1968)
Frederick Wolf (1968-1986)
Edward C. Chalfant (1986 - 1996)
Chilton R. Knudsen (1998 - 2008)
Stephen T. Lane (2008 - 2019)
Thomas J. Brown (2019–present)

References

External links
Official Web site of the Diocese of Maine
Episcopal Maine YouTube Channel
Journal of the Annual Convention, Diocese of Maine at the Online Books Page

Maine
Diocese of Maine
Religious organizations established in 1820
Anglican dioceses established in the 19th century
1820 establishments in Maine
Province 1 of the Episcopal Church (United States)
Tabriz National Library

The Tabriz Central Library (), formerly Tabriz National Library, was founded in 1956 by Hajj Mohammad Nakhjavani with help from the people of Tabriz, Iran. It contains several handwritten books. The library is called National because of its non-benefit and non-governmental structure. Initially the library started by the books which are gathered by people specially by Nakhjavani, the building also constructed without any government investment.

The original building was in the vicinity of Ark. After the   revolution the initial building was destroyed by clerical hardliners in 1978 and the books moved to other buildings near to the Golestan Park, when they were destroying the historic Tabriz City Theater building that was placed behind the library building to make a new mosque.

Currently a new modern building is made for the library by the Iranian Ministry of Culture.

References

 http://portal-en.tbzmed.ac.ir/

Libraries established in 1956
Buildings and structures in Tabriz
Libraries in Iran
National libraries
1956 establishments in Iran
Education in Tabriz
Demolished buildings and structures in Iran
Buildings and structures demolished in 1978
Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)

Muhammad Adil Shah (r. 1554–1555) was the fourth ruler of the Suri dynasty, a late medieval Afghan dynasty in the northern Indian subcontinent.

Early life
He was the son of Nizam Khan, the younger brother of the Sultan Sher Shah Suri. Adil's sister, Bibi Bai, was married to Islam Shah Suri. His real name was Muhammad Mubariz Khan. He was responsible for the assassination of Firuz Shah Suri, the twelve-year-old son of Islam Shah Suri, in 1554. Then he ascended the throne as the last sultan of the united empire. He appointed Hemu as his Wazir.

History
In 1555, Adil's brother in law, Ibrahim Shah Suri of Agra, revolted. Adil Shah's army was defeated and he lost the throne of Delhi.  Soon, the empire founded by Sher Shah was divided into four parts. As Delhi and Agra came under the rule of Ibrahim Shah Suri, only the territories from the vicinity of Agra to Bihar remained under Adil. Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah already declared independence of Bengal in 1554. But hostility did not end with the division of empire.

Ibrahim Shah Suri was then defeated by Sikandar Shah Suri at Farah, 32 km from Agra, and thus lost the possession of Delhi and Agra. Then Ibrahim renewed his strife with Adil, but he was defeated by Hemu twice, once near Kalpi and again near Khanua. He took refuge in the Bayana fort, which was besieged by Hemu.

Muhammad Shah of Bengal approached near Kalpi, Adil had to recall Hemu to Kalpi. Muhammad Shah  was defeated and killed at Chhapparghatta near Kalpi. Adil captured Bengal and appointed Shahbaz Khan as the Governor. He made Chunar his capital.

In 1557, Adil was defeated and killed in a battle with the Bengal Sultan Khizr Khan Suri, the son of Muhammad Shah.

See also
 Suri dynasty

Notes

Sur Empire
16th-century Indian Muslims
Indian people of Pashtun descent
Indian people of Afghan descent
1557 deaths
1554 in India
1555 in India
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Indian monarchs
16th-century Afghan people
Episcopal Diocese of Vermont

The Episcopal Diocese of Vermont is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America in the state of Vermont. It was the first diocese in the Episcopal Church to elect a woman, Mary Adelia Rosamond McLeod, as diocesan bishop.

The see city is Burlington, where the Cathedral Church of St. Paul is located.

Bishops
 1. John Henry Hopkins, 1832–1868;
 2. William H. A. Bissell, 1868–1893;
 3. Arthur C. A. Hall, 1894–1929
 William Farrar Weeks, coadjutor, 1913–1914;
 George Y. Bliss, coadjutor, 1915–1924;
 Samuel B. Booth, coadjutor, 1925–1929
 4. Samuel B. Booth, 1929–1935;
 5. Vedder Van Dyck, 1936–1960;
 6. Harvey Butterfield, 1961–1973;
 7. Robert S. Kerr, 1974–1986;
 Daniel L. Swenson, coadjutor, 1986;
 8. Daniel L. Swenson, 1987–1993;
 9. Mary Adelia Rosamond McLeod, 1993–2001;
10. Thomas Clark Ely, 2001–2019.
11. Shannon MacVean-Brown, (2019–present)

On May 18, 2019, the church elected Shannon MacVean-Brown as the eleventh Bishop of Vermont. Macvean-Brown was consecrated on September 28, 2019 in Ira Allen Chapel in Burlington. Macvean-Brown is the first African-American Bishop of Vermont.

Diocesan churches of historical interest
Present or former diocesan churches listed on the National Register of Historic Places include:
 Christ Church (Guilford, Vermont)
 Church of Our Saviour (Killington, Vermont)
 St. Ann's Episcopal Church (Richford, Vermont)
 St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Montgomery, Vermont)
 St. John's Episcopal Church (Highgate Falls, Vermont)
 St. James' Episcopal Church (Arlington, Vermont)

References

External links
Official Web site of the Diocese of Vermont
Journal of the Annual Convention, Diocese of Vermont at the Online Books Page
The Correspondence of John A. Graham with His Grace of Canterbury: When on His Mission as Agent of the Church of Vermont, to the Ecclesiastical Courts of Canterbury and York, for the consecration of Dr. Peters, Bishop-elect of Vermont, 1794–5, etc. 1835

Vermont
Episcopal Church in Vermont
Religious organizations established in 1832
Anglican dioceses established in the 19th century
1832 establishments in Vermont
Province 1 of the Episcopal Church (United States)
Oluʼbo people

Olubo is a Central Sudanic ethnic group in the Equatoria region of South Sudan. They speak the Olu'bo language as their mother tongue. They are also known as the Lulubo people by their neighbors, but their preferred self-designation is Olu'bo.  The population of this group may exceed 10,000. Most persons in this minority are not Muslims, although some are.

References
 

Ethnic groups in South Sudan
Joachim Kunz

Joachim Kunz (born 9 February 1959) is a German weightlifter who competed for East Germany in the 1980 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born in Stollberg.

At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow he won a silver medal in the  class. He won gold at the 1981 and 1983 World Championships. At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul he won a gold medal in the  class.

As of 2008, Kunz is head of German instant soup manufacturer Suppina.

References

External links 
 

1959 births
Living people
People from Stollberg
German male weightlifters
Olympic weightlifters for East Germany
East German male weightlifters
Olympic gold medalists for East Germany
Olympic silver medalists for East Germany
Weightlifters at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Weightlifters at the 1988 Summer Olympics
World record setters in weightlifting
Olympic medalists in weightlifting
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold
People from Bezirk Karl-Marx-Stadt
Sportspeople from Saxony
Baltemar Brito

Baltemar José de Oliveira Brito (born 9 January 1952) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a central defender, and a current coach of Highlanders football club in Zimbabwe.

Playing career
Born in Recife, Pernambuco, Brito spent the vast majority of his professional career in Portugal, representing Vitória de Guimarães (no league games played), F.C. Paços de Ferreira (two spells), C.D. Feirense, Rio Ave FC (two stints), Vitória de Setúbal and Varzim SC.

Over the course of eight seasons, he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 197 games and seven goals in representation of all the clubs except Paços, with which he competed solely in the second division. He retired at the end of 1987–88 at the age of 36, after suffering top flight relegation with Varzim.

Coaching career
Brito was in charge of Varzim for two games in his last season as a player, managing two draws. Subsequently, he had two spells as head coach with lowly CA Macedo de Cavaleiros.

In the 2001–02 campaign, at U.D. Leiria, Brito started a link with José Mourinho that would last eight years. The assistant was part of a quartet that also included fitness coach Rui Faria, goalkeeping coach Silvino Louro and chief scout André Villas-Boas that followed the young manager from FC Porto to Chelsea.

Brito also specialised in audio-visual work to prepare the team for matches. As Mourinho left the Premier League side early into 2007–08, so did his entire staff. On 5 June 2010, he was appointed head coach at C.F. Os Belenenses in the Portuguese second level, but was sacked the following month before the season had even started.

On 18 May 2013, after a series of poor results, Brito was fired by Grêmio Esportivo Osasco.

On 8 January 2018, Brito became head coach at Union Titus Pétange, a club of the first Luxembourgish league. He left the club in December 2018

On 3 June 2022 Highlanders F.C. announced the appointment of Britto as their senior team' coach.

References

External links
CBF data 

1952 births
Living people
Footballers from Recife
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Sport Club do Recife players
Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Vitória S.C. players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
C.D. Feirense players
Rio Ave F.C. players
Vitória F.C. players
Varzim S.C. players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian football managers
Varzim S.C. managers
C.F. Os Belenenses managers
Al-Ittihad Tripoli managers
Al Dhafra FC managers
Brazilian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Portugal
Chelsea F.C. non-playing staff
Sikandar Shah Suri

Sikandar Shah Suri (died 1559) was the sixth ruler of the Sur dynasty, a late medieval Pashtun dynasty of northern India. He became the sultan of Delhi after overthrowing Ibrahim Shah Suri.

Early life
Sikandar Shah Suri's actual name was Ahmad Khan Suri. He was the brother-in-law of sultan Muhammad Adil Shah. He was the governor of Lahore before declaring independence from Delhi in 1555.

Reign
After becoming the independent sultan and bringing Punjab under control, he marched towards the territory controlled by sultan Ibrahim Shah Suri. Ibrahim was defeated in a battle at Farah, India near Agra and Sikandar took possession of both Delhi and Agra. While Sikandar was busy with his struggle against Ibrahim, Humayun captured Lahore in February 1555. Another detachment of his forces captured Dipalpur. Next, the Mughal army occupied Jalandhar and their advanced division proceeded towards Sirhind. Sikandar sent a force of 30,000 horses but they were defeated by the Mughal army in a battle at Machhiwara and Sirhind was occupied by the Mughals. Sikandar, then led an army of 80,000 horses himself and met the Army at Sirhind. On 22 June 1555 he was defeated by the Mughal army and was compelled to retreat to the Sivalik Hills in northern Punjab. The victorious Mughals marched to Delhi and occupied it.

Later days
In late 1556, Sikandar became active again. He defeated Mughal general Khizr Khwaja Khan at Chamiari (presently in Amritsar district) and began to collect taxes with Kalanaur as his headquarters. Bairam Khan sent Khan Alam (Iskandar Khan) to assist Khizr Khwaja Khan and finally on 7 December 1556 Akbar along with Bairam Khan left Delhi to deal with him. Sikandar again retreated to the Sivaliks and took refuge in fort Mau under Nurpur kingdom . After six months of resistance from the besieged fort, Sikandar surrendered the fort on 25 July 1557. His local supporter Raja Bakht Mal was beheaded by Bairam Khan  and he was sent to Bihar where he died in 1559.

Notes

Sur Empire
Indian people of Pashtun descent
1559 deaths
16th-century Indian Muslims
16th-century Indian monarchs
Year of birth missing
1555 in India
Charles J. Hitch

Charles J. Hitch (January 9, 1910 – September 11, 1995) was an American economist and Assistant Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1965. He later served as vice chancellor (1965–1967) and president (1967–1975) of the University of California and president of Resources for the Future (1975-1978).

Hitch was born in Boonville, Missouri to Arthur M. Hitch and Bertha Johnston. His brother was Thomas Kemper Hitch. He was educated at Kemper Military School before leaving for the University of Arizona, where he became a member of the Delta Chi fraternity and received a BA in economics in 1931. After pursuing graduate studies at Harvard University during the 1931–1932 academic year, he received a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, where he received a second bachelor's degree in 1935 and the Oxbridge MA in 1938. That year, he became the first Rhodes Scholar to join the university's faculty as a fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford.

During World War II, Hitch served as a staff economist under W. Averell Harriman during his special envoyship to Europe before joining the War Production Board. He later served in the Office of Strategic Services as an officer of the United States Army and was discharged at the rank of first lieutenant in 1945.

Between 1948 and 1961, he was head of Rand Corporation's Economics Division in Santa Monica, California. While at Rand, he co-authored with Roland McKean The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age (, Harvard University Press, 1960), described by the New York Times as the 'bible' for defense budgeting.

He was awarded the UCSF medal in 1975.

As the DOD's comptroller, he was directed by Secretary Robert McNamara to produce a long-term, program-oriented Defense budget that became USDOD's Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS).

He was posthumously elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

References 

 Charles J. Hitch at the University of California digital archives
 Tribute to Charles J. Hitch by Alain C. Enthoven

External links
 Biography of Charles Hitch from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

1910 births
1995 deaths
University of Arizona alumni
Harvard University alumni
American Rhodes Scholars
University of California regents
Presidents of the University of California System
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
RAND Corporation people
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
20th-century American academics
Lake Connecticut

Glacial Lake Connecticut formed over what is now Long Island Sound and coastal Connecticut at the fore edge of the ice sheet of the Wisconsin glaciation, as the lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet began to retreat, some 18 to 20,000 years before present. It was dammed by the terminal moraine that now forms the spine of Long Island and Fishers Island. About 15,000 BP, the moraine dam that impounded Lake Connecticut failed; the outlet, known as The Race for its tidal rip currents, lies between the North Fork of Long Island and Fishers Island. For a time, much of the lake bed was exposed to wind-driven erosion: the cue is found in soundings that reveal regional unconformities in the sediment bed of Long Island Sound.

The fore-edge lake formed by glacial meltwater expanded to be about the same size as present-day Long Island Sound; it may have been connected at times with similar freshwater lakes in Block Island Sound and Buzzards Bay, while sea level was low. The fairly shallow average depth of 78 feet (24 m) of today's Long Island Sound is the result of fine lake-bottom sediments deposited as glacial outwash slowed in Lake Connecticut. Suspended as rock flour, the fine sediments would have rendered Lake Connecticut a turquoise blue-green.

The end of Lake Connecticut was marked by a series of intervals of salt water incursion after about 15,000 BP and subsequent refreshening, as rising sea levels and isostatic rebound of land depressed by the former weight of ice sheets adjusted to one another.

See also
 Glacial Lake Cape Cod
 Glacial Lake Nantucket Sound

References

 

Former lakes of the United States
Glacial lakes of the United States
Lakes of Connecticut
Long Island Sound
Natural history of Connecticut
Natural history of New York (state)
Otoro Nuba people

The Otoro Nuba are an ethnic group in the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan state, in southern Sudan.

They speak the Otoro language, a Niger-Congo language. The population of this ethnic group is approximately 12,000.

See also
Nuba peoples

References
Joshua Project

Nuba peoples
Ethnic groups in Sudan