alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Gustav Roch

Gustav Adolph Roch (; 9 December 1839 – 21 November 1866) was a German mathematician who made significant contributions to the theory of Riemann surfaces. His promising career was cut short by untimely death at the age of 26.

Biography
Born in Leipzig, Roch attended the Polytechnic Institute (Technische Bildungsanstalt) in Dresden, initially focusing on chemistry, encouraged by his father. However the mathematician Oscar Schlömilch identified his exceptional talents and guided him towards a mathematical career. Combining studies at the Polytechnic Institute with private studies at another institute enabled Roch to be already publishing original research on the mathematical theory of electromagnetism from 1859.

Later in 1859, Roch entered the University of Leipzig, coming under the influence of August Ferdinand Möbius, and continuing his work on electromagnetism. In 1861, Roch went to work at the University of Göttingen, studying under Wilhelm Eduard Weber, but also attending lectures by Bernhard Riemann. After three terms in Göttingen, Roch went to the University of Berlin, where he met Leopold Kronecker, Karl Weierstrass and others. In 1862 he was awarded a magister artium degree from Leipzig and later a doctorate for his work on electromagnetism.

From this point his work took a more mathematical slant. In the following year he published the paper containing the result for which he is famous to this day, the Riemann–Roch theorem (given its name by Max Noether), which related the topological genus of a Riemann surface to purely algebraic properties.

Only two years later, Roch's health was shattered due to a tuberculosis infection. He moved to Venice in the hope that warmer weather would aid his recovery, but died there a month later. This loss came only four months after that of his former professor and mentor Bernhard Riemann.

References

External links
 
Biography at the University of Halle-Wittenburg

1839 births
1866 deaths
19th-century German mathematicians
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Scientists from Leipzig
Tuberculosis deaths in Italy
Infectious disease deaths in Veneto
Wild horse (disambiguation)

Wild horse (Equus ferus) is  a species of the genus Equus that includes domesticated and undomesticated subspecies.

 Przewalski's wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus przewalskii), a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse
 Eurasian wild horse (Equus ferus ferus), an extinct subspecies of wild horse
 Yukon wild horse (Equus lambei), an extinct horse species
 Feral horse, free-roaming descendants of domesticated horses

Wild horse or Wild horses may also refer to:

Geography
 Wild Horse, Alberta, an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada
 Wild Horse, British Columbia or Fisherville, site of an 1864 Gold Rush boomtown
 Wild Horse, Colorado, an unincorporated village in Colorado
 Wild Horse Desert
 Wildhorse Township, Graham County, Kansas, United States
 Wildhorse Valley Airport, located in Harney County, Oregon, United States
 Wild Horse Valley AVA, a California wine region
 Wild Horse River, a tributary of the Kootenay River in British Columbia, Canada
 Wild Horse Creek (disambiguation)
 Wild Horse Butte, a butte of sedimentary rock in southeastern Utah
 Wildhorse Butte, a volcanic butte in Lincoln County, Idaho

Establishments
 Wildhorse Resort & Casino, a Native American casino in Oregon, United States
 Wildhorse Saloon, a dance club in Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Books
 Wild Horses, a 1994 novel by  Dick Francis
 Wild Horses (play), a 1952 farce by Ben Travers

Film and television
 Wild Horse (1931 film), Western (genre) film starring Hoot Gibson
 Wild Horses (1985 film), a TV movie starring Kenny Rogers and Pam Dawber
 Wild Horses (1995 film), Argentine film by Marcelo Piñeyro
 Wild Horses (2015 film), a 2015 American film by Robert Duvall
 "Wild Horses", the nineteenth episode of the anime series Cowboy Bebop

Music

Bands
 Wild Horses (US rock band), a band that originally featured Johnny Edwards and James Kottak
 Wild Horses (US country band), an American country music band
 Wild Horses (British band), a 1980s rock band

Albums
 Wild Horses (Wild Horses album), their 1980 debut album
 Wild Horses (Smokie album), a 1998 album by the English rock band Smokie
 WildHorse, a 2017 album by RaeLynn

Songs
 "Wild Horses" (Birdy song), a 2015 song by Birdy
 "Wild Horses" (Garth Brooks song), a 1990 song by Garth Brooks
 "Wild Horses" (Gino Vannelli song), a 1987 song by Gino Vannelli
 "Wild Horses" (Rolling Stones song), a 1971 song by the Rolling Stones
 "Wild Horses", 1953 pop song recorded by bandleader Ray Anthony and vocalist Jo Ann Greer
 "Wild Horses", a song by Natasha Bedingfield from the album Unwritten
 "Wild Horses", a song by Bishop Briggs from the album Bishop Briggs
 "Wild Horses", a song by Girls Aloud from the album Chemistry
 "Wild Horses", a song by Nik Kershaw from the album The Riddle
 "Wild Horses", a song by Prefab Sprout from the album Jordan: The Comeback
 "She Rides Wild Horses", a song from the album of the same name by Kenny Rogers

See also
 Horse (disambiguation)
 Wild (disambiguation)
Beastie (Alton Towers)

Beastie was a steel family roller coaster made by Pinfari of Italy.  The coaster was located in the Adventure Land area of Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England. The ride featured a tunnel and performed two laps of the circuit each run.

Originally opening in the Festival Park (now Dark Forest) area of the park under the name Mini-Dragon, it allowed younger visitors of the park to experience the thrill of a roller coaster. It was renamed in 1987 to just the "Dragon". In 1993 it was then moved to the Thunder Valley section of the park where it assumed the name "Beastie" after a larger roller coaster in the area, called The Beast. It stayed here for several years, up to the 1998 season when it was moved to the Adventure Land section of the park. The ride was very compact and contained several head chopper effects. 

In 2009, it became the Alton Towers' oldest operating roller-coaster following the closure of the  Corkscrew the previous year. In early 2011, it was revealed that Beastie would not be operating again. It was removed from the park just before the 2013 season and was eventually sold to an independent ride operator, who renamed the coaster as Dragon Challenge, which currently operates at Barry Island Pleasure Park.

In 2015, Octonauts Rollercoaster Adventure, a Zamperla family coaster, opened on where Beastie once stood. The site of the coaster is now part of CBeebies Land.

References

External links
Beastie at Alton Towers Almanac
Beastie at Towers Nerd
Beastie at Towers Times

Roller coasters in the United Kingdom
Roller coasters operated by Merlin Entertainments
Alton Towers
Georgi Ivanov (mayor)

Georgi Ivanov Ivanov-Dyatlov, (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Иванов Дятьлов), also known as Georgiy Ivanov Ivanovich-Dyatlov (Russian: Георгий Иванов Иванович Дятьлов), in the criminal underworld, know by the alias KIDZH (Bulgarian: КИДЖ), (Russian: КИДЖ)  (born 1954) is a former mayor of Haskovo, a municipality in southern Bulgaria. He was elected to a four-year term in 1999, and re-elected in 2003, 2007 and again in 2011. Dyatlov subsequently started a series of businesses in Russia.

He has a degree in construction, and started his own construction firm in 1990. He is married, with two sons.
While mayor of Haskovo, he oversaw the creation of the Monument of the Holy Mother of God, the highest monument to Virgin Mary in the world.

External links
Haskovo municipality (in English)

References

1954 births
Living people
Mayors of places in Bulgaria
Nina Liu

Nina Liu (born 15 June 1977) is an Australian actress of Chinese descent. Her most prominent role was as Chloe in the television series The Secret Life of Us.

She also starred in TV series, the first season of Spellbinder, fifth season of Heartbreak High, Something in the Air as Dr Annie Young and in Shaun Micallef's legal-comedy Welcher & Welcher as Tia the receptionist.

More recently, she has had roles in the Australian films Little Fish (2005) and The Book of Revelation (2006) and she appeared in the docu-drama Super Comet: After the Impact which aired on the Discovery Channel in 2007.

Filmography

Film
 Warriors of Virtue: The Return to Tao (2002) as Amythis
 Little Fish (2005) 
 The Book of Revelation (2006)
 Super Comet: After the Impact (documentary) (2007)

Television
 Spellbinder (1995)
 Heartbreak High (1996–97, Season 5) as Mai Hem
 Something in the Air (2000–02) as Dr Annie Young 
 Welcher & Welcher (2003) as Tia
 The Secret Life of Us (2003, Season 3) as Chloe

External links 
 

1977 births
Australian television actresses
Living people
Australian people of Chinese descent
21st-century Australian actresses
Actresses from Sydney
C.A. Progreso

Club Atlético Progreso, also known simply as Progreso, is a professional football club based in Montevideo, Uruguay, that competes in the Uruguayan Primera División.

Progreso's Estadio Abraham Paladino is capable of holding 8,000 spectators.

History
The club was founded on 30 April 1917. The club's first match was played on 26 May 1918, with Progreso beating Club Maroñas 2–0. Progreso won its first title with the Divisional Intermedia (Second Division at that time) in 1938. It went on to win it the next year as well, along with two more championships in 1956 and 1963. The club has three Segunda División championships: in 1945, 1979, and 2005–06. In 1975 and 1978, Progreso won the Tercera División (Segunda División Amateur).

Progreso's first continental participation was in the 1987 Copa Libertadores, where they finished third in a group consisting of fellow Uruguayan club Nacional, and Peruvian clubs San Agustin and Alianza Lima. They participated again in the 1990 edition, since they had won the league the previous year. In that edition, Progreso won their group, which consisted of Defensor Sporting, Pepeganga Margarita, and Mineros de Guayana. They qualified to the Second Round, where they were eliminated by Barcelona of Ecuador.

In 1989, Progreso won the Primera División, the only championship in the history of the Uruguayan league to use a single round-robin format (13 games). This format was due to a calendar conflict with some national and international cups that year. Progreso's president at that time was Dr. Tabaré Vázquez, who later became the president of Uruguay.

Progreso's first team kit in 1917 was white with black stripes. The kit expressed the team's affinity with the anarchist movement. The colors were later changed to red and yellow, the colors of Catalonia, which was known for its identification with the Spanish Revolution.

Performance in CONMEBOL competitions
Copa Libertadores: 3 appearances
1987: Group Stage
1990: Second Round
2020: First Stage

Continental record

Current squad

Out on loan

Managers
This is an incomplete list of Progreso Managers.
 Jorge González (April 2002–Dec 2002)
 Mario Saralegui (Oct 2007–March 2008)
 Raúl Moeller (Jan 2011–June 2011)
 Leonardo Ramos (August 2011–Dec 2012)
 Carlos Rodao (Jan 2013–April 2013)
 Santiago Paz (May 2013–April 2014)
 Juan Carlos Duarte (April 2014–November 2014)
 Rubén Da Silva (November 2014–July 2015)
 Juan Carlos Duarte (December 2015–June 2016)
 Gabriel Añón (July 2016–October 2016)
 Marcelo Méndez (October 2016–November 2018)
 Leonel Rocco (November 2018–November 2020)

Titles
Primera División: 1
 1989

Torneo Competencia: 1
 1985

Uruguayan Segunda División: 3
 1945, 1979, 2005–06

 Divisional Intermedia: 4
 1938, 1939, 1956, 1963

 Uruguayan Segunda División Amateur: 2
1975, 1978

References

External links
 

Progreso
Progreso
Progreso
1917 establishments in Uruguay
This Is the Remix (Jessica Simpson album)

This Is the Remix is the first remix album by American recording artist 
Jessica Simpson, released on July 2, 2002, by Columbia Records. The album contains remixes of tracks from her first two studio albums Sweet Kisses (1999) and Irresistible (2001). The remixes were done by DJs such as Peter Rauhofer and Hex Hector. The music was influenced by various genres of electronic music, such as ambient and techno. This Is the Remix did not include any new recordings.

The album charted at number eighteen on Billboard's Top Electronic Albums Chart.

Background
On April 15, 2002, Columbia Records announced through a press release that Simpson  would release a remix album titled This Is the Remix. The album includes songs from her previous albums remixed by DJs such as Peter Rauhofer and Hex Hector. So So Def Recordings was responsible for the remix of "Irresistible." The So So Def remix of the track, produced by Jermaine Dupri, features guest appearances by rapper Lil' Bow Wow and Dupri.

Commercial performance
In the United States, the album charted at number eighteen on US Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart.

Track listing

Personnel
Adapted from the This Is The Remix liner notes.
Phil Tan – mixing
Guido Osorio – remix producer
Soul Solutiono – remix producer
Peter Rauhofer – producer, remix producer
Hex Hector – producer, remixing
Lenny Bertoldo – producer, remixing
Bow Wow – performer
Bryan-Michael Cox – remixing
Theresa LaBarbera Whites – A&R
Jermaine Dupri – remixing, mixing
Brian Frye – engineer

Charts

References

Jessica Simpson albums
2002 remix albums
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri
Albums produced by Sam Watters
Columbia Records remix albums
Trance remix albums
Garden World Images

Garden World Images, (GWI) previously known as the Harry Smith Collection, whose origins can be traced back to the early 1950s and is one of the oldest and largest library of horticultural/botanical colour photographs in the World. The library supplies images of flowers, plants and gardens to newspapers, TV shows, publishers and magazines  around the world. GWI has been involved with hundreds of publications and influential books such as Dr. D. G. Hessayon's "Expert" series  as well as all of the Greenfingers Guides.

GWI is run by Managing Director Tyrone McGlinchey FLS Linnean Society of London, who is also Vice Chairman of the Garden Media Guild. GWI is a majority Dutch owned picture library, the main shareholder being Floramedia, and the other shareholder is Tyrone McGlinchey. GWI is based in England.

Harry Smith Collection
The library's origins date back to the early 1950s when Harry Smith (British horticultural photographer) starting building up a catalogue of images, mostly for supply to seed houses and to illustrate magazines such as Amateur Gardening and Garden News as well as books. In the period between 1950-1960s there were not many horticultural photographers working in colour, Valerie Finnis was one of the most respected- she was a contributor to Royal Horticultural Society magazines. Derek Fell also a photographer, originally worked with the 'eminent' Harry Smith during this period as PR executive with Hurst Seeds and lists him as an influence. It was not until after his death that the Harry Smith Collection was formally founded in 1974 by Dick Robinson and Anthony Huxley.

The Harry Smith Collection was an image supplier to the Royal Horticultural Society Herbarium image collection.

References

External links
Official website

Gardening
Photography companies of the United Kingdom
10th Empire Awards

The 10th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Sony Ericsson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine Empire, honored the best films of 2004 and took place on 13 March 2005 at the Guildhall in London, England. During the ceremony, Empire presented Empire Awards in 10 categories as well as four honorary awards. The honorary Outstanding Contribution to British Cinema award was first introduced this year. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the award ceremonies a special honorary award was presented, the Icon of the Decade award. The awards for Best British Actor, Best British Actress and Best British Director as well as the honorary Independent Spirit award were presented for the last time. This was the first year the Lifetime Achievement Award was not presented. The ceremony was televised in the United Kingdom by Channel 5 on 15 March. English television presenter and radio presenter Johnny Vaughan hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Sony Ericsson for the third consecutive year.

The Bourne Supremacy won the most awards with two including Best Film. Other winners included Before Sunset, Dead Man's Shoes, Enduring Love, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Finding Neverland, Layer Cake, Spider-Man 2 and Shaun of the Dead with one. Pixar received the Empire Inspiration Award, Kevin Smith received the Independent Spirit Award, Working Title Films received the Outstanding Contribution to British Cinema Award and Quentin Tarantino received the special honorary 10th anniversary Icon of the Decade award.

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.

Multiple awards
The following film received multiple awards:

Multiple nominations
The following 11 films received multiple nominations:

References

External links
 
 

Empire Award ceremonies
2004 film awards
2005 in British cinema
2005 in London
March 2005 events in the United Kingdom
Veena (actress)

Veena (4 July 1926 – 14 November 2004), also known as Veena Kumari, real name Tajour Sultana, was an Indian actress.

Early life and background
Veena was born as Tajour Sultana on 4 July 1926 in Quetta, Baluchistan Agency, British India. At some point of time, her family shifted to Lahore and they lived in Lahore. 

She married actor-hero Al Nasir in 1947 in Junagadh and had two children with him. Al Nasir was from a royal family in Bhopal and had already been married, first to actress Meena Shorey and then to Manorama. They both worked together in a few films but their films flopped at the box-office. Al Nasir died in 1957 due to tetanus.

Career
Veena started out playing heroine roles in pre-partition films. She made her debut with Garib and Gawandhi (1942) at around sixteen years of age. Garib was made in Urdu and Gawandhi was made in Punjabi and directed by Mehboob Khan. In Garib, she played the role of Lata and in Gawandhi she played heroine opposite Shyam, who played the hero. She became known for her roles in pre-partition Hindi and Urdu films. Her early years in films came with films such as Najma (1943), Phool (1945) and Humayun (1945). Her last film before the Partition of India was Rajputani (1946), in which she played a supporting role. She decided to remain in India after the partition in 1947 and acted through the mid-to-late-1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s. She played roles in big productions such as Halaku (1956), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), Taj Mahal (1963), Do Raaste (1969) and Pakeezah (1972). She retired in 1983 after the release of Razia Sultan (1983) in which she played Empress Shah Turkhan.

Death
Veena died in Bombay on 14 November 2004 after 21 years of retirement when she was 78 years old after suffering from a protracted illness. She had appeared in over 70 feature films in a career spanning 41 years (1942 – 1983).

Filmography

References

External links

1926 births
2004 deaths
Actresses in Urdu cinema
Actresses from Lahore
People from Quetta
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Indian film actresses
20th-century Indian actresses
Fernando Solís (journalist)

Fernando Solís Lara is a professional radio and TV host, born in Valdivia, Chile.

Internationally recognized for his work during more than 20 years in radio and television, Solís is the official voice of Canal 7 in Chile, TVN. He is also the voice of Sr. Manguera in the popular children's program 31 Minutos ("31 minutes") on TVN. His work transcended the national borders with his participation in the Latin American MTV Video Music Awards. He is also a host at Universal Channel, FM2 & ADN radios in Santiago and does many commercials.

References

Chilean journalists
Male journalists
People from Valdivia
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nicholas Young (executive)

Nicholas Ephraim Young (September 12, 1840 – October 31, 1916) was an American executive, manager and umpire in professional baseball who served as president of the National League from 1885 to 1902.

Born in Amsterdam, New York at Johnson Hall, the estate of Sir William Johnson, he served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and later was employed in the U.S. Treasury Department. Young, an excellent cricket player as a young man, became a right fielder and official with a Washington, D.C. amateur baseball club. In 1871, he organized the meeting which resulted in the formation of the sport's first professional league, the National Association of Professional Baseball Players; he was named league secretary, managed the Washington team from 1871 to 1873, and also served as a league umpire.

When the National League, baseball's first major league, was formed in 1876, Young was named secretary and treasurer, posts he continued to hold until leaving office as president in 1902. Although well-liked, his tenure was marked by a tendency to acquiesce to the desires of the most powerful NL owners; league play in the 1890s increasingly tended toward rowdyism and violence on the field, and labor disputes resulted in the single year of the Players' League. Young also oversaw the NL's merger with the American Association after the 1891 season. When the American League claimed major league status in 1901, many star players and top umpires jumped to the new league after tiring of the NL's style. Resulting disputes between NL owners necessitated a change at the league level, and both Young and rival candidate Albert Spalding had to withdraw their names from consideration in the contest for the presidency. Young returned to his post with the Treasury Department; he died at age 76 in Washington.

See also
 Honor Rolls of Baseball

External links
Baseball-Reference.com – National Association managing record
Retrosheet

Baseball executives
1840 births
1916 deaths
Washington Olympics (NABBP) players
National League presidents
Danielle Savre

Danielle Kathleen Savre (born August 26, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for her television roles, such as her lead performances in the 2007 MTV music drama Kaya, the 2016 TLC drama Too Close to Home, and the ABC Grey's Anatomy spinoff Station 19, and for her roles in the films Wild About Harry and Boogeyman 2. She was born in Simi Valley, California.

Career

In 2006, Savre was cast in the straight-to-DVD film Bring It On: All or Nothing. In 2007, she was cast in the 2009 drama film Wild About Harry (originally titled American Primitive) playing the part of Madeline, a 1970s teenager who comes to realize that her father is gay. The same year, Savre was cast as the titular rock star character on the MTV series Kaya which ran for one season. She also starred in the 2007 horror film Boogeyman 2 playing the lead role of Laura Potter.

Savre has made guest appearances in several television shows like The X-Files, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Charmed. She had recurring roles in the television show Summerland as Callie, and the NBC series Heroes as Jackie Wilcox. However, in Heroes, her character is killed in the ninth episode "Homecoming" of the first season, though she reappears thrice more: once retrospectively in "Six Months Ago", and twice during the fourth season, in "Once Upon a Time in Texas" and "Pass/Fail".

In 2014, Savre was cast as the cheating wife in the 2015 thriller film Adulterers (also known as Avouterie). The same year, she was cast as "Margo, the acting head of the leading shapeshifting family" in the Supernatural spinoff series Supernatural: Bloodlines which ultimately was not ordered to series.  In 2016, Savre was cast as lead character Anna in the Tyler Perry drama series Too Close to Home.

In 2018, Savre was cast as a main character, the bisexual firefighter Maya Bishop, on the Grey's Anatomy spinoff drama series, Station 19. In 2023, she directed the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of Station 19, entitled "Dirty Laundry". In 2021, Savre directed the short film Heard.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

 

1988 births
Actresses from California
American television actresses
American child actresses
Living people
People from Simi Valley, California
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American singers
American film actresses
Singers from California
21st-century American women singers
His Religion and Hers

His Religion And Hers is a book written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1922, after she had moved with her husband from New York City to Norwich, Connecticut. In the book, she planned a religion freed from the dictates of oppressive patriarchal instincts.
1922 non-fiction books
Feminism and spirituality
James O'Gorman

James O'Gorman may refer to:

James Myles O'Gorman (1804–1874), Irish-born bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States
James Aloysius O'Gorman (1860–1943), United States Senator from New York
James F. O'Gorman (born 1933), American architectural historian, taught at Wellesley College

See also
O'Gorman
Runaway Mine Train (Alton Towers)

The Runaway Mine Train is a powered steel roller coaster made by MACK Rides of Germany.  The ride is located in the Katanga Canyon area of Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England.

The train normally makes two circuits for each ride, although on quiet days it has been known to run for three or more circuits. On 18 July 2021, the ride ran for 24 consecutive circuits after the park closed. Most passengers were guests, but after several circuits, some of the guests alighted the train, and ride operators from other areas of the park took their places. It is believed to be the record number of times anyone has ever gone around the track without getting off. 

The ride runs alongside the Congo River Rapids, with which it shares a tunnel section.  Passengers on the two rides occasionally wave to each other if they pass in the shared tunnel. Passengers must be at least 0.9 m tall to ride with an adult, and over 1.1 m tall to ride separately.

As of 2013, it is officially the park's oldest roller coaster, after The Beastie was removed prior to the 2013 season. The runaway mine train gets more intense in the cave area

Incidents 
On 20 July 2006, the failure of a coupling on the train caused it to split into two sections, which then collided in the tunnel. 20 people were injured, 6 of whom were taken to a hospital; 4 of the 6 were sent home, and 2 were kept in overnight.

References

External links
 

Roller coasters in the United Kingdom
Roller coasters operated by Merlin Entertainments
Roller coasters introduced in 1992
Alton Towers
Rides designed by John Wardley
Sandro Bellucci

Sandro Bellucci (born 21 February 1955) is an Italian former race walker.

Biography
He won two medals, at senior level, at the International athletics competitions. Heparticipated at two editions of the Summer Olympics (1984 and 1988), he has 31 caps in national team from 1974 to 1991.

Achievements

See also
 Italian all-time lists - 50 km walk

References

External links
 

1955 births
Living people
People from Lanuvio
Italian male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Timeline of web browsers

This is a timeline of web browsers from 1990 to the present. Prior to browsers, many technologies and systems existed for information viewing and transmission. For an in-depth history of earlier web browsers, see the web browser article.

Graphical timeline

Timeline

1990s 
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 1990s for the more popular web browsers.

2000s 
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2000s for the more popular web browsers.

2010s 
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2010s for the more popular web browsers.

2020s 
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2020s for the more popular web browsers.

 * Initial release
 † No subsequent releases are planned

References

External links
 Eric A. Meyer's take on a timeline structure for historical browsers
 Fresh-browsers.com displays the history of major web browsers
 Google Chrome team's The Evolution of the Web 

Web browsers
Web browsers
History of web browsers
Software version histories
Lake Matiri

Lake Matiri is a lake adjoining  Kahurangi National Park in the northwest corner of New Zealand's South Island.  The lake is part of the Matiri River.

Hydroelectric power scheme
Pioneer Energy Ltd purchased the Matiri Project from New Zealand Energy in 2014 and has now commenced construction of a hydroelectric power scheme on the lake outflow.

See also
List of lakes in New Zealand

External links
Department of Conservation - Matiri Valley & 1000 Acre Plateau tramping information

Matiri
Pairwise

Pairwise generally means "occurring in pairs" or "two at a time."

Pairwise may also refer to:
 Pairwise disjoint
 Pairwise independence of random variables
 Pairwise comparison, the process of comparing two entities to determine which is preferred
 All-pairs testing, also known as pairwise testing, a software testing method.
Morris Multimedia

Morris Multimedia, Inc. is a media company based in Savannah, Georgia, founded in 1970 by Charles H. Morris. Morris Multimedia is the parent company of Morris Newspaper Corporation and Morris Network. The company's offices are in the Oliver Sturges House at 27 Abercorn Street in Savannah.

Newspapers 
The Morris Newspaper Corporation division owns and operates over 65 publications including dailies, shoppers, and specialty magazines in nine states and the Caribbean.

Daily 
 Great Bend Tribune - Great Bend, Kansas
 Manteca Bulletin - Manteca, California
 The Gainesville Times - Gainesville, Georgia
 The Ceres Courier - Turlock, California

Weekly 
 Connect Savannah - Savannah, Georgia
 Statesboro Herald - Statesboro, Georgia

Television 
Morris Multimedia has its own broadcasting division, Morris Network, who owns and operates several television stations. In 2003, Morris Multimedia announced that they would sell KARK in Little Rock, Arkansas and WDHN in Dothan, Alabama to Nexstar Broadcasting Group for an undisclosed price. Later that year, it purchased WCBI in Columbus from Imes Communications for an undisclosed price. Between 2006 and 2008, Morris Multimedia purchased two television stations from Media General. These were WDEF-TV in Chattanooga and WTVQ-DT in Lexington. The former was part of the acquisition that Media General also saw that they would purchase the smaller NBC O&Os, while the latter was to reduce debt flow Media General had invested in. Also in 2006, it purchased WWAY from Raycom Media for $18.5 million as part of divestures regarding of Raycom's acquisition of Liberty Corporation.

Current stations

Former stations

Morris Technology 
Morris also owns Morris Technology, a company specializing in infrastructural services for the media industry.

References

External links 
www.morrismultimedia.com—Official web site

 
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Mass media companies of the United States
Mass media in Savannah, Georgia
Companies based in Savannah, Georgia
Mass media companies established in 1970
1970 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Privately held companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Pointwise

In mathematics, the qualifier pointwise is used to indicate that a certain property is defined by considering each value  of some function  An important class of pointwise concepts are the pointwise operations, that is, operations defined on functions by applying the operations to function values separately for each point in the domain of definition. Important relations can also be defined pointwise.

Pointwise operations

Formal definition
A binary operation  on a set  can be lifted pointwise to an operation  on the set  of all functions from  to  as follows: Given two functions  and , define the function  by

Commonly, o and O are denoted by the same symbol. A similar definition is used for unary operations o, and for operations of other arity.

Examples

where .

See also pointwise product, and scalar.

An example of an operation on functions which is not pointwise is convolution.

Properties
Pointwise operations inherit such properties as associativity, commutativity and distributivity from corresponding operations on the codomain. 
If   is some algebraic structure, the set of all functions  to the carrier set of  can be turned into an algebraic structure of the same type in an analogous way.

Componentwise operations 
Componentwise operations are usually defined on vectors, where vectors are elements of the set  for some natural number  and some field . If we denote the -th component of any vector  as , then componentwise addition is .

Componentwise operations can be defined on matrices. Matrix addition, where  is a componentwise operation while matrix multiplication is not.

A tuple can be regarded as a function, and a vector is a tuple. Therefore, any vector  corresponds to the function  such that , and any componentwise operation on vectors is the pointwise operation on functions corresponding to those vectors.

Pointwise relations 
In order theory it is common to define a pointwise partial order on functions. With A, B posets, the set of functions A → B can be ordered by f ≤ g if and only if (∀x ∈ A) f(x) ≤ g(x). Pointwise orders also inherit some properties of the underlying posets. For instance if A and B are continuous lattices, then so is the set of functions A → B with pointwise order. Using the pointwise order on functions one can concisely define other important notions, for instance:

 A closure operator c on a poset P is a monotone and idempotent self-map on P (i.e. a projection operator) with the additional property that idA ≤ c, where id is the identity function.
 Similarly, a projection operator k is called a kernel operator if and only if k ≤ idA.

An example of an infinitary pointwise relation is pointwise convergence of functions—a sequence of functions

with

converges pointwise to a function  if for each  in

Notes

References 
For order theory examples:
 T. S. Blyth, Lattices and Ordered Algebraic Structures, Springer, 2005, .
 G. Gierz, K. H. Hofmann, K. Keimel, J. D. Lawson, M. Mislove, D. S. Scott: Continuous Lattices and Domains, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Mathematical terminology
March (novel)

March (2005) is a novel by Geraldine Brooks. It is a novel that retells Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women from the point of view of Alcott's protagonists' absent father. Brooks has inserted the novel into the classic tale, revealing the events surrounding March's absence during the American Civil War in 1862. The novel won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

Plot summary
In 1862, Mr. March, an abolitionist and chaplain in the Union Army, is driven by his conscience to leave his home and family in Concord, Massachusetts, to participate in the war.  During this time, March writes letters to his family, but he withholds the true extent of the brutality and injustices he witnesses on and off the battlefields.  He suffers from a prolonged illness stemming from poor conditions on a cotton farm in Virginia. While in hospital, he has an unexpected meeting with Grace, an intelligent and literate black nurse whom he first met as a young woman staying in a large house where she was enslaved. The recovering March, despite his guilt and grief over his survival when others have perished, returns home to his wife and Little Women, but he has been scarred by the events he has gone through.
The novel accurately reflects Bronson Alcott's principles, notably his belief that boys and girls of all races had a right to education and his wish to follow a vegetarian diet. It presents the young Mrs March as a fiery character with strong verbal and physical expressions of anger.

Sources
The character of March is based in part on Alcott's father, Amos Bronson Alcott, who was a teacher and abolitionist.  Brooks used as source materials Mr. Alcott's letters and journals, and the writings of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, who were friends of the Alcott family.  Thoreau and Emerson also appear in the novel as secondary characters and friends of the Marches.

Commentary
Teresa Nielsen Hayden has compared the novel to fan fiction, saying that the only difference is that Brooks, Alcott, and publisher Viking Press are "dreadfully respectable." Nielsen Hayden believes that creating fan fiction is "a basic impulse."

In an NPR interview by Melissa Block, Brooks reveals that a more physical connection to the Civil War was her inspiration for the novel. "The author lives near the site of the battle where, on Oct. 21, 1861, on a steep bluff overlooking the Potomac River, Union forces were flanked and routed by Confederate troops. The discovery of a Union soldier's belt buckle in the Civil War-era courtyard of Brooks' home provided the germ of the novel."

References

External links
 Geraldine Brooks' Official Website
 Photos of the first edition of March

Parallel literature
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction-winning works
Novels about American slavery
2005 American novels
American historical novels
Novels set during the American Civil War
Novels set in Virginia
Viking Press books
Works based on Little Women
McKinley, Missouri

McKinley is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 14, approximately five miles west of Billings.

A post office called McKinley was established in 1891, and remained in operation until 1910. The community has the name of a pioneer citizen.

References

Unincorporated communities in Lawrence County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri
Gawamaa

Gawamaa or Gawám'a is a Sudanese ethnic group. They are a large sedentary tribe in North Kordofan, and sections of them also helped form the Halafa sub-group of the Hawazma tribe, itself a sub-group of the larger Baggara group. According to British colonial administrator Harold MacMichael, the Gawamaa were one of six non-Hawazma tribes integrated into the Hawazma tribe in the mid-eighteenth century by way of an oath.

The number of its members is about 750,000. The members of this group speak Sudanese Arabic. All members of this group are Muslims.

References 

Ethnic groups in Sudan
List of alpine skiing world champions

The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships are organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS).

History
The first world championships in alpine skiing were held in 1931. During the 1930s, the event was held annually in Europe, until interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, preventing a 1940 event.  An event was held in 1941, but included competitors only from nations from the Axis powers or nations not at war with them. The results were later cancelled by the FIS in 1946 because of the limited number of participants, so they are not considered official.

Following the war, the championships were connected with the Olympics for several decades. From 1948 through 1982, the competition was held in even-numbered years, with the Winter Olympics acting as the World Championships through 1980, and a separate competition held in even-numbered non-Olympic years. The 1950 championships in the United States at Aspen were the first held outside of Europe and the first official championships separate of the Olympics since 1939.

The combined event was dropped after 1948 with the addition of the giant slalom in 1950, but returned in 1954 as a "paper" race which used the results of the three events: downhill, giant slalom, and slalom. During Olympic years from 1956 through 1980, FIS World Championship medals were awarded in the combined, but not Olympic medals. The combined returned as a separately run event in 1982 with its own downhill and two-run slalom, and the Super-G was added to the program in 1987. (Both were also added to the Olympics in 1988.)

There were no World Championships in 1983 or 1984 and since 1985, they have been scheduled in odd-numbered years, independent of the Winter Olympics. A lack of snow in southern Spain in 1995 caused a postponement to the following year.

Men's champions

  Held as part of the Winter Olympics (9).

Titles by nation

Women's champions

  Held as part of the Winter Olympics (9).

Titles by nation

Nations team event

* won gold medals as reserve skiers

See also
List of Olympic medalists in alpine skiing

References and notes

External links
FIS-ski.com – official results for the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships
World Champions
Alpine skiing
Ed Niehaus

Ed Niehaus is an American CEO and publicist.

Along with partners Bill Ryan and Melody Haller, Niehaus founded Niehaus Ryan Haller (NRH) which served the Internet industry during the rapid growth period of the 1990s.

NRH provided public relations services to O'Reilly & Associates' experimental web publishing project Global Network Navigator and was the company Yahoo! chose to handle its public image during the period from 1994 to 2000. In the late 1990s, Steve Jobs approached Niehaus to assist him with his efforts to turn around Apple Computer; NRH became Apple's agency of record.

Niehaus served as the CEO of Fluid, Inc., an interactive merchandising company based in San Francisco, CA.

Niehaus is currently president and CEO of the design firm Cooper and chairman of the board of Collaborative Drug Discovery].

References

Rosen, Emanuel (2000). The Anatomy of Buzz: How to Create Word of Mouth Martketing Doubleday Currency. pg. 16.

External links 
Branding Is Dead! Long Live Sustainable Identity! Fast Company
Startups, Make Noise or Die Wired News
PR Firms Take on New Role as Internet's Kingmakers San Francisco Business Times

American public relations people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Oudesluis

Oudesluis can refer to:

 Oudesluis, Hoeksche Waard, a hamlet  in the Dutch province of South Holland, part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard
 Oudesluis, Schagen, a village in the Dutch province of North Holland, part of the municipality of Schagen
Schenkeldijk

Schenkeldijk can refer to:

 Schenkeldijk, Binnenmaas
 Schenkeldijk, Korendijk
GTRI Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory

The Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS) is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute and one of three labs under the Sensors and Intelligent Systems directorate. ATAS develops advanced systems concepts and performs research related to aerospace systems, power and energy systems, threat systems, intelligent autonomous systems, and systems engineering methodologies. The lab also develops advanced technologies and performs research in a range of areas relevant to aerospace and ground transportation as well as to national defense.

Research areas
Current contracts include work in aerodynamics and flow control, aeroacoustics, computational aeroelasticity, wind tunnel testing, aircraft structural analysis, rotorcraft, intelligent systems, fuel cell and battery technologies, smart small scale projectiles, embedded computing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and flight stability and control.

The lab also performs applied research and development of radar-related technologies in support of national defense preparedness.  The lab’s prototype development capabilities span the spectrum from mechanical and electronics design and fabrication to full system integration including embedded computing and control systems. ATAS has also achieved a national reputation for its expertise in threat systems, advanced transmitter technology, radar system development, and weapon systems interpretation.

Within ATAS, the Food Processing Technology Division's (FPTD) Agricultural Technology Research Program (ATRP) conducts significant research in improving the production and quality of food while minimizing the environmental impacts of the industry. This program is designed to enhance the productivity of Georgia’s agribusiness and the competitiveness of Georgia’s food processing, applying computer vision, robotics, plant ergonomics, biosensors, and wearable computer technology.

Location
The ATAS main research facility is located at the Cobb County Research Facility in Smyrna, Georgia.

References

External links
 ATAS official website
 Food Processing Technology Division official website 
 Agricultural Technology Research Program official website

ATAS
Aerospace research institutes
32nd Sikh Pioneers

The 32nd Sikh Pioneers was a regiment of the Indian Army during British rule. The regiment was founded in 1857 as the Punjab Sappers (Pioneers).
After a series of names changes, it became the 32nd Punjab Pioneers in 1901 and the 32nd Sikh Pioneers in 1903. To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905. In 1922, it united with 23rd Sikh Pioneers and 34th Sikh Pioneers, to form 2nd Bn, 3rd Sikh Pioneers. Their most celebrated feat of arms was the relief in 1895 of the besieged British garrison of Chitral, by a gruelling crossing of the snow-covered Shandur Pass.

The regiment recruited the Mazhabi Sikhs and  Ramdasia Sikhs of Punjab province.
Despite being Pioneers by name, the regiment was specially trained as Assault Pioneers.

It was one of the first native mounted infantry to be posted for active service outside India.

References

Further reading

External links

Military units and formations established in 1857
History of Sikhism
1857 establishments in India
KRCH

KRCH (101.7 FM "Laser 101.7") is a radio station owned by iHeartMedia (formerly Clear Channel Communications) which broadcasts from Rochester, Minnesota. It has a classic rock format.

"Laser 101.7" Morning Show (1993–1999)
Prior to broadcasting the syndicated Bob and Tom Show on weekday mornings, KRCH aired a locally produced morning show hosted by Matt and Homey.

References

External links
Laser 101.7

Radio stations in Minnesota
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1996
IHeartMedia radio stations