alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Standard time (manufacturing)

In industrial engineering, the standard time is the time required by an average skilled operator, working at
a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method. It includes appropriate allowances to allow the person to recover from fatigue and, where necessary, an additional allowance to cover contingent elements which may occur but have not been observed.

Standard time = normal time + allowance

Where;

Normal time = average time × rating factor (take rating factor between 1.1 and 1.2)

Usage of the standard time
Time times for all operations are known.

 Staffing (or workforce planning): the number of workers required cannot accurately be determined unless the time required to process the existing work is known.
 Line balancing (or production leveling): the correct number of workstations for optimum work flow depends on the processing time, or standard, at each workstation.
 Materials requirement planning (MRP): MRP systems cannot operate properly without accurate work standards.
 System simulation: simulation models cannot accurately simulate operation unless times for all operations are known.
 Wage payment: comparing expected performance with actual performance requires the use of work standards.
 Cost accounting: work standards are necessary for determining not only the labor component of costs, but also the correct allocation of production costs to specific products.
 Employee evaluation: in order to assess whether individual employees are performing as well as they should, a performance standard is necessary against which to measure the level of performance.

Techniques to establish a standard time
The standard time can be determined using the following techniques:

 Time study
 Predetermined motion time system aka PMTS or PTS
 Standard data system
 Work sampling

Method of calculation
The Standard Time is the product of three factors:
Observed time: The time measured to complete the task.
Performance rating factor: The pace the person is working at. 90% is working slower than normal, 110% is working faster than normal, 100% is normal.  This factor is calculated by an experienced worker who is trained to observe and determine the rating.
Personal, fatigue, and delay (PFD) allowance.

The standard time can then be calculated by using:

References

Citations 
 Groover, M. P. (2007). Work systems: the methods, measurement and management of work, Prentice Hall, 
 Salvendy, G. (Ed.) (2001). Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and Operations Management, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
 Zandin, K. (Ed.) (2001). Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook, fifth edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

External links 
 Standard Performance

Industrial engineering
Time and motion study
Stephen Youll

Stephen Youll (born 8 June 1965 in Hartlepool) is a British science fiction artist.  He got his start in the genre when his work, done in conjunction with his twin brother Paul, was seen in 1987 at the 45th World Science Fiction Convention in Brighton, England.  His first commission, a collaboration with Paul, was for the cover painting for Emerald Eyes by Daniel Keys Moran that was published by Bantam Books.  The brothers continued to work together until Stephen moved to the United States.  Painting originally in acrylics, he switched to oils and has produced pieces for such clients as Bantam, Ballantine/Del Rey, Warner and Avon.  He has also done work for DC Comics, IBM and for Hamilton Plates.

Youll attended the Durham New College of Art and Design and Sunderland University with his brother.  Both graduated with honors and began working as reconstruction artists at Durham Cathedral, before beginning their freelance art careers.

References

External links
 Official Site
 
 Stephen Youll interview from Crescent Blues eMagazine, Volume 2, Issue 6

1965 births
Alumni of the University of Sunderland
British speculative fiction artists
English twins
Fantasy artists
Living people
People from Hartlepool
Science fiction artists
Orleans Correctional Facility

The Orleans Correctional Facility is a state prison in New York, United States.  OCF is a medium security prison for males and is located in the Town of Albion, Orleans County in Western New York.

It is located near the Albion Correctional Facility.

References

External links  
  NY prison information

Prisons in New York (state)
Albion, Orleans County, New York
Buildings and structures in Orleans County, New York
Marcella (song)

"Marcella" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1972 album Carl and the Passions – "So Tough". Written by Brian Wilson, Jack Rieley, and Tandyn Almer, the lyrics were inspired by Wilson's fixation with a local massage therapist. It is the last song to feature Bruce Johnston during his original tenure in the band.

Background
The verse melody of "Marcella" branched from an earlier track entitled "I Just Got My Pay" (recorded during sessions for Sunflower) which itself branched from another discarded song called "All Dressed Up for School" (recorded during the making of The Beach Boys Today!). Both songs were released on the 1993 box set Good Vibrations: Thirty Years of The Beach Boys.

"Marcella" was written about a real woman that Wilson knew. Music journalist Nick Kent explains that she "worked at a parlour just off the strip called Circus Maximus" and had allowed Wilson to "stay and talk to her even though she was aware most of what he said was crazy bullshit." According to Jack Rieley:

Wilson later said that one of the lead guitar parts was inspired by George Harrison's playing, namely, Harrison's solo on "Let It Be" (1970). On another occasion, Wilson said that the song "represents one of the first times we tried to emulate The Rolling Stones. In my mind, it was dedicated to the Stones, but I never told them that. It's one of the rockingest songs I ever wrote."

Recording

"Marcella" was recorded on February 17, 1972 during the same session for "Out in the Country" and "Body Talk" at the Beach Boys' Bel Air studio.

Release
"Marcella" (backed with "Hold On Dear Brother") was released on June 26, 1972 as the album's second single. It peaked at No. 110 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, No. 116 on the Cashbox singles chart and No. 129 on the Record World singles chart.

Record World said it "is the Beach Boys at their very best."

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.

The Beach Boys
Ricky Fataar - drums, castanets
Al Jardine - backing vocals
Bruce Johnston - backing vocals
Mike Love - lead and backing vocals
Brian Wilson - backing vocals, grand piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, Hammond organ, Moog synthesizer (bass), vibraphone
Carl Wilson - lead and backing vocals, electric & acoustic guitars, producer
Dennis Wilson - backing vocals

Additional musicians
Tandyn Almer - autoharps
Tony Martin Jr. - pedal steel guitars
Jack Rieley - backing vocals
unidentified players - 2 trumpets, trombone, bass trombone, sleigh bells, cabasa, bongos

References

External links
 
 
 

1972 singles
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Jack Rieley
Songs written by Brian Wilson
Songs written by Tandyn Almer
Reprise Records singles
Songs based on actual events
Paul Youll

Paul Youll (born 1965 in Hartlepool, England) is a science fiction and fantasy artist and illustrator. He was born as one of five sons and, at one time, was part of a two-man illustration team with his twin brother, Stephen. He got his start in the genre when his work, done in conjunction with Stephen's, was seen in 1987 at the 45th World Science Fiction Convention in Brighton, England.  His first commission, a collaboration with Stephen, was for the cover painting for Emerald Eyes by Daniel Keys Moran that was published by Bantam Books.

After graduating from the Durham New College of Art and Design, Paul spent two more years at Sunderland University.  Since 1989, when Stephen moved to America, Paul has worked independently and has produced paintings mainly for Bantam Books.  Youll currently resides with his wife Annmarie in the country village of Esh Winning, on the border of Derwent Side and County Durham.  He illustrates primarily for the U.S. softcover (paperback) book market.

Works
This list is incomplete

 Star Wars: X-wing
 Rogue Squadron (1995)
 Wedge's Gamble (1995)
 The Krytos Trap (1996)
 The Bacta War (1996)
 Wraith Squadron (1997)
 Iron Fist (1997)
 Solo Command (1997)
 Isard's Revenge (1998)
 Starfighters of Adumar (1999)
 Tales From the New Republic (1998)
 The Icarus Hunt (1999) by Timothy Zahn
 Dr. Zeus Inc. series by Kage Baker
 The Life of the World to Come (2004)
 The Children of the Company (2005)
 Gods and Pawns (2007)
 The Merchant Princes series by Charles Stross
 The Family Trade (2004)
 The Hidden Family (2005)
 The Clan Corporate (2006)
 The Merchants' War (2007)
 The Revolution Business (2009)
 The Trade of Queens (2010)
 The Age of Fire series by E. E. Knight
 Dragon Champion (2005)
 Dragon Avenger (2006)
 Dragon Outcast (2007)
 Dragon Strike (2008)
 Excession by Ian M. Banks (1998)
 The Mirrored Heavens by David J. Williams (2008)

Joint works
These works were done in collaboration with his brother, Stephen.

This list is incomplete

 Emerald Eyes (1988) by Daniel Keys Moran
 On My Way to Paradise (1989) by Dave Wolverton
 Infinity Hold by Barry B. Longyear
 Shaping the Dawn by Sheila Finch
 To the Land of the Living by Robert Silverberg
 The Atheling by Grace Chetwin
 A Fire in the Sun by George Alec Effinger
 The Exile Kiss by George Alec Effinger
 Lord of Snow and Shadows by Sarah Ash
 The Garden of the Shaped by Sheila Finch
 A Feast for Crows by George R.R. Martin
 Mistress of Dragons by Margaret Weis
 Beauty by Sheri S. Tepper
 The Gates of Winter by Mark Anthony
 Fool's Errand by Robin Hobb
 Golden Fool by Robin Hobb
 Hung Out by Margaret Weis and Don Perrin
 A Forest of Stars by Kevin J. Anderson
 Hidden Empire by Kevin J. Anderson
 Defender by C. J. Cherryh 
 Gojiro by John Barnes
 The Wellstone by Wil Mccarthy
 The Collasium by Wil Mccarthy
 The Green Brain by Frank Herbert
 The Eyes of Heisenberg by Frank Herbert

References

External links 
 Official Site
 

1965 births
Alumni of the University of Sunderland
Fantasy artists
British speculative fiction artists
Living people
People from Hartlepool
Science fiction artists
English twins
People from Esh Winning
Cuddle Up

"Cuddle Up" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys that was written by Dennis Wilson and Daryl Dragon. It was concurrently released in two formats on May 15, 1972. One version was released on the album Carl and the Passions – "So Tough", and another as the b-side to "You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone".

Recording
Following the release of the Beach Boys album Surf's Up in August 1971, Dennis Wilson collaborated with Daryl Dragon, intending to record a solo album. Cuddle Up was initially recorded for this project in late 1971 under the working title Old Movie.
 
After the idea for producing this solo album was abandoned, Dennis re-recorded "Cuddle Up" at his brother Brian's home studio in Bel Air, California on May 15, 1972 for the Beach Boys.

The lead vocal on Cuddle Up is performed by Dennis and production is credited to the Beach Boys.

A slightly different mix of Cuddle Up was pressed on the b-side to "You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone". It features alternate mixing, additional string overdubs and backing vocals.

Reception
Matthew Greenwald of Allmusic stated ""Cuddle Up" is a somewhat top-heavy, classically influenced ballad. However, the lyrics and Dennis Wilson's excellent vocals render this an emotional masterpiece, closing the album out with style" and noted that it is essential listening for those exploring Dennis Wilson's talents.

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington

The Beach Boys
Blondie Chaplin - backing vocals
Carl Wilson - backing vocals, acoustic guitar
Dennis Wilson - lead and backing vocals, Hammond organ, producer

Additional musicians
Frank Capp - timpani
Daryl Dragon - grand piano, co-arrangement, orchestra producer
Stephens LaFever - bass guitar
Toni Tennille - backing vocals
Bonnie Douglas, Assa Drori, Irving Geller, Alfred Lustgarten, Leonard Malarsky, Jay Rosen, Nathan Ross, Sheldon Sanov, Leonard Selic, Spiro Stamos, Dorothy Wade, Shari Zippert - violins
Norman Botnick, David Burk, Joseph Reilich, David Schwartz - violas
JoAnn Johannsen, Jan Kelley, Nathan Gershman, Victor Sazer - cellos
James D. Hughart, Richard F. Kelley Sr., Meyer Rubin - arco double basses

Cover versions
 1975 – Captain & Tennille, Love Will Keep Us Together

References

1972 songs
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Dennis Wilson
Reprise Records singles
Harry Patton

Harry Claud Patton (June 29, 1884 – June 9, 1930) was a baseball pitcher. He played one game for the St. Louis Cardinals on August 22, 1910, pitching four innings.

External links

https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103250/http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/stats/pattoha01
Harry Patton Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac at www.baseball-almanac.com
Redirect at www.baseballprospectus.com

Major League Baseball pitchers
1884 births
1930 deaths
St. Louis Cardinals players
Baseball players from Illinois
Great Bend Millers players
Omaha Rourkes players
Waterloo Boosters players
Des Moines Boosters players
People from Gillespie, Illinois
Shelbyville Queen Citys players
Garment District (clothing retailer)

The Garment District is a clothing retailer in Cambridge, Massachusetts that opened in 1986 and houses an eclectic array of vintage and contemporary clothing.  The Garment District is also known for its Dollar-A-Pound clothing store.

History
Founded in the 1940s, the company produced "wiping clothes" (i.e. rags) to smokestack industries, such as sugar manufacturing.  The Garment District began as an offshoot of Harbor Textiles. In 1979 as demand began to rise for used clothing Dollar-A-Pound was opened, where one could buy clothing by the pound. Instead of cutting used clothing up for wiping cloths it was now sold as fashion, though without racks or price tags. In the 1980s finding large quantities of vintage 1940s and 50s clothing at Dollar-A-Pound was commonplace.

In 1986 as the demand for used and vintage clothing continued to rise The Garment District was born. Now in addition to Dollar-A-Pound both new & used clothing is sold on racks - traditional style. Hundreds of thousands of pounds of clothing are still sorted on site.

In 2004 The Garment District was under threat of closure. The pressure to turn the buildings into residential condos almost succeeded. With help from the City of Cambridge, among others, The Garment District was able to acquire the buildings.

In 2007 The Garment District merged with Boston Costume.

References

External links
 Official site

Clothing retailers of the United States
Cambridge, Massachusetts
American companies established in 1986
Retail companies established in 1986
Companies based in Massachusetts
Al McCoy

Al McCoy may refer to:

Al McCoy (announcer) (born 1933), American radio broadcast announcer of Phoenix Suns NBA basketball games
Al McCoy (baseball) (1928–2006), American baseball player
Al McCoy (boxer), Alexander, (1894–1966), American boxer

See also
Alfred McCoy (disambiguation)
You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone (song)

"You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1972 album Carl and the Passions – "So Tough". It was written by Brian Wilson and Jack Rieley, and was issued as the album's lead single with the B-side "Cuddle Up". The single failed to chart.

Background
An earlier, unreleased version of the song was titled "Beatrice from Baltimore".

Asked about the song in 1972, Mike Love commented, "I like the track, it's one that requires a few plays to get into it. A point about a lot of Brian's things is that they are so oblique and often complex. His music is something that you have to listen to, because he'll put in subtleties that you can listen to for a year and not hear."

Record World said "The sound here is a bit confusing the first time around, but after a few listenings it becomes clear what's going on: another superfiine Beach Boys song."

Alternate releases
A track and backing vocals mix of "You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone" was included on the 2021 box set Feel Flows as a teaser for the band's next archival release, Sail On Sailor – 1972 (2022).

Legacy
 In 1993, Saint Etienne adopted the song title for their album You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone.

 In 1999, Hefner released a cover of "You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone" as a bonus track to their single "The Hymn for the Cigarettes".

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.

The Beach Boys
Ricky Fataar - drums, tambourine
Al Jardine - backing vocals
Mike Love - backing vocals
Brian Wilson - backing vocals, tack piano, Hammond organ, producer
Carl Wilson - lead and backing vocals, electric lead and rhythm guitars, producer

Additional musicians
Tandyn Almer - bass guitar
Doug Dillard - banjo
Billy Hinsche - electric rhythm guitar
Gordon Marron - electric violin w/ ring modulator

References

Bibliography

External links
 

1972 singles
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Brian Wilson
Songs written by Jack Rieley
Song recordings produced by Carl Wilson
1972 songs
Reprise Records singles
Here She Comes

"Here She Comes" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for the soundtrack to the 1984 restoration version of the 1927 German film Metropolis. It was released in 1984 by CBS Records, written by Giorgio Moroder and Peter Bellote, and produced by Moroder. Tyler re-recorded the song on her 2004 album Simply Believe.

The song charted highest in Austria, peaking at number 13. At the 27th Grammy Awards, "Here She Comes" was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance, marking Tyler's third and final Grammy nomination of her career, following her two nominations in the previous year.

Critical reception
Moroder's soundtrack to Metropolis was widely criticised by reviewers, but "Here She Comes" was frequently noted as one of the strongest tracks. In The Pittsburgh Press''', Jim Davidson described the usage of "Here She Comes" as "the only right-on-the-money correlation of music and image." Bruce Bailey of the Montreal Gazette said that the song was so strong that it should be released as a single. In a four out of four star review of the soundtrack for the Reno Gazette-Journal, Eric McClary stated that it was a "mystery" that "Here She Comes" never became a hit in the United States.  In The Age, Mike Daly described Tyler's performance as "sensational" and noted the track's "powerful, slow rock accompaniment". Cyndi Glass of the Vincennes Sun-Commercial'' described "Here She Comes" as a "compelling emotional song".

Music video
Tyler filmed a music video for "Here She Comes" in 1984, directed by Brian Johnson. The video was investigated by the British Independent Broadcasting Authority due to its frequent use of the Renault 5 car.

Synopsis
The video is set in London. Tyler, dressed in a black leather dress, walks down a cobbled road lined with statues of soldiers. She occasionally looks up to see a duplicate of herself, dressed in a white dress, standing at the top of a fire escape, shrouded in shadow. The statues come to life and follow Tyler down the road. Behind them follows a black car, driven by the duplicate of Tyler. She runs away from them as she notices the statues following her, and locks herself inside a garage. The car then breaks through the doors of the garage and attempts to run Tyler over. She escapes through another door and finds herself on a street, looking up to see a spaceship in the sky. The spaceship descends, and a car appears, which Tyler enters and drives away. The duplicate chases after Tyler in her own car. Tyler drives into another building, and as the spaceship flies above the building, the duplicate drives inside as the entrance explodes. The spaceship then flies away as the animated statues look on.

Charts

References

1984 singles
Bonnie Tyler songs
1984 songs
Songs written by Giorgio Moroder
Songs written by Pete Bellotte
Song recordings produced by Giorgio Moroder
CBS Records singles
Dins

Dins is the debut studio album by American rock band Psychic Ills. It was released on February 7, 2006, by the Social Registry.

Track listing

References

2006 debut albums
Psychic Ills albums
The Social Registry albums
All This Is That

"All This Is That" is a song  by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1972 album Carl and the Passions – "So Tough". Written by Al Jardine, Carl Wilson, and Mike Love, the song was inspired by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation teachings and the Robert Frost poem "The Road Not Taken".

Background
Asked about the song in a 2013 interview, Al Jardine gave the following explanation:

Mike Love said in a 1972 interview,

Critical reception
In his 1978 biography of the Beach Boys, John Tobler wrote that it was unlikely that "All This Is That" (along with the album track "He Come Down") would "figure in anyone's favorite 20 Beach Boys tracks."

Reviewing the band's albums from 1966 to 1973, Record Collectors Jamie Atkins said that "All This Is That" was perhaps "one of the group's greatest achievements without Brian; a fantastically calming song with some of the finest vocal interplay of this period married to an airy melody that perfectly suited the by-now-perennial subject matter of transcendental meditation. And the note that Carl hits on the 'Jai guru dev' lyric has mood-altering qualities that, if it were possible to bottle it, would do wonders if available on prescription."

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington

The Beach Boys
Blondie Chaplin - bass guitar
Ricky Fataar - drums w/ brushes, cabasa
Al Jardine - lead and backing vocals, producer
Mike Love - lead and backing vocals
Carl Wilson - lead and backing vocals, upright piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, Rocksichord, producer

References

1972 songs
The Beach Boys songs
Songs based on poems
The Instruments

The Instruments is the musical project of Heather McIntosh, cellist in a number of Athens, Georgia groups including Circulatory System, Elf Power, and Japancakes.  They released three albums between 2003 and 2008. Other members of the band include Peter Erchick, Will Cullen Hart, John Fernandes, Hannah Jones, Jeff Mangum, and Derek Almstead.

McIntosh toured with Gnarls Barkley in 2008 as their bass player and later the same year played bass and cello on Lil Wayne's tour.

In 2009, Heather contributed cello to the tracks "Graze" and "Bleed" on Animal Collective's Fall Be Kind EP.

Discography

Albums
Billions of Phonographs (Orange Twin Records, 2003)
Cast a Half Shadow (Orange Twin Records, 2006)
Dark Småland (Orange Twin Records, 2008)

References 

The Elephant 6 Recording Company artists
Integral linearity

A measurement system consists of a sensor, to input the physical parameter that is of interest, and an output to a medium that is suitable for reading by the system that needs to know the value of the parameter. (This could be a device to convert the temperature of the surrounding air or water into the visually readable height of a column of mercury in a small tube, for example; but the conversion could also be made to an electronic encoding of the parameter, for reading by a computer system.)

The integral linearity is then a measure of the fidelity of the conversion that is performed by the measuring system. It is the relation of the output to the input over a range expressed as a percentage of the full-scale measurements.  Integral linearity is a measure of the device's deviation from ideal linear behaviour.

The most common denotation of integral linearity is independent linearity.

In the context of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), independent linearity is fitted to minimize the deviation with respect to the ideal behaviour with no constraints. Other types of integral linearity place constraints on the symmetry or end points of the linear fit with respect to the actual data.

In the case of position sensors, two general types exist. Differences between the two regarding independent linearity essentially relate to the type of mechanical interface - linear or rotary. For rotary position sensors, as a shaft (or in the case of magnetic sensors, a magnet) is turned over a defined mechanical range in a direction causing an increasing response, an output voltage changes from a minimum to maximum value. The variation from an ideal linear relationship as this device is changed from minimum to maximum range end-points is the independent linearity error. It is measured in a practical sense as deviation of output voltage as a percentage of input voltage with the maximum value as the range is traversed, usually being referred to in a device's specifications. The same description holds for linear position sensors except that a straight rod (or magnet) is moved along the length of the sensor or as it extends from the end of a linear position sensor.

Notes

 
Measurement
Decider

Decider is both a real word and a "Bushism". It may refer to:

Decider (website), a pop culture website operated by the New York Post
Bill Maher: The Decider, a stand-up comedy special
Decider (Turing machine), a Turing machine that eventually halts for every input
"The Decider", a recurring segment on The Daily Show
"The Decider", an episode of the TV series Bluey
"The Decider", an issue of Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Posek (Hebrew for "decider/decisor"), a type of Jewish legal scholar
Roger (American Dad!), from American Dad!, was led to believe he was "The Decider"

See also
Decide (disambiguation)
Long Promised Road

"Long Promised Road" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1971 album Surf's Up. It was written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley. Aside from a few guitar instrumentals written in the early days of the band and collective co-writing credits, the song is  Wilson's first solo composition, and he plays all of the instruments himself.

Background
Asked about the song in a 2013 interview, Jack Rieley said:

Release
The song was first released as a single in May 1971, and did not chart. It was then included on Surf's Up, and was re-released as a single, with a different b-side, "'Til I Die", in October of the same year. This time it made it to No. 89 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Brian Wilson, who has included the song in his solo concerts, described it as "an incredible tune."

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski

The Beach Boys
Al Jardine - backing vocals
Bruce Johnston - backing vocals
Mike Love - backing vocals
Brian Wilson - backing vocals
Carl Wilson - lead and backing vocals, Wurlitzer electric pianos, grand piano, upright piano, Hammond organ, Moog synthesizer, electric and acoustic guitars, drums, tambourine, shakers, temple blocks, ride cymbal swell

Guests
Diane Rovell - backing vocals
Marilyn Wilson - backing vocals

References

External links
 

1971 singles
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Carl Wilson
Songs written by Jack Rieley
Song recordings produced by the Beach Boys
Reprise Records singles
Songs about roads
Capstone (cryptography)

Capstone is a United States government long-term project to develop cryptography standards for public and government use.  Capstone was authorized by the Computer Security Act of 1987, driven by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Security Agency (NSA); the project began in 1993.

Project
The initiative involved four standard algorithms: a data encryption algorithm called Skipjack, along with the Clipper chip that included the Skipjack algorithm, a digital signature algorithm, Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), a hash function, SHA-1, and a key exchange protocol.  Capstone's first implementation was in the Fortezza PCMCIA card. All Capstone components were designed to provide 80-bit security.

The initiative encountered massive resistance from the cryptographic community, and eventually the US government abandoned the effort.  The main reasons for this resistance were concerns about Skipjack's design, which was classified, and the use of key escrow in the Clipper chip.

References

External links
 EFF archives on Capstone

National Security Agency encryption devices
History of cryptography
Northeast High School (Pasadena, Maryland)

Northeast High School is a senior high school in unincorporated northeastern Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The school opened in 1964 and serves as one of two high schools for the "Census-designated Place" (CDP) of Pasadena. which is an unincorporated suburban residential area and community  (unofficial town) 15 miles south of  Baltimore. The school is situated in Pasadena's eastern coastal area community known as Riveria Beach along the south and west shores of the outer Patapsco River / Baltimore Harbor and Seaport where it flows into the Chesapeake Bay on its western shore.

The school newsletter is called the "Eaglegram" and the school newspaper is called the "Eagle's Revenge".

It opened in 1964. In 1992 and from 2012 to 2014 the building was refurbished.

Notable alumni 
Glynn Davis, baseball player

References

External links
 North East High School

Pasadena, Maryland
Public high schools in Maryland
Schools in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Educational institutions established in 1964
1964 establishments in Maryland
Ninibeth Leal

Ninibeth Beatriz Leal Jiménez (born November 26, 1971) is a Venezuelan model, businesswoman and beauty queen who won Miss World Venezuela 1991 and  Miss World 1991. She is the fourth Miss World titleholder from Venezuela.

Miss World
In a pageant held in Atlanta, Georgia, she was crowned Miss World 1991 on December 28. Leanne Buckle of Australia and Diana Tilden-Davis of South Africa were her runners-up. Sandra Foster of Jamaica and Michelle McLean of Namibia completed the Top 5.

Life after Miss World
After Ninibeth fulfilled her Miss World duties, she got married and moved to Australia to continue modelling. She and her husband had two kids, Valentino and Lucciana. The couple divorced in 2008. Ninibeth is now a businesswoman still living in Australia.

References

External links
Miss Venezuela Official Site
Miss World Official Site

1971 births
Living people
Miss Venezuela World winners
Miss World winners
Miss World 1991 delegates
People from Maracaibo
Venezuelan emigrants to Australia
Venezuelan beauty pageant winners
RSVP-TE

Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) is an extension of the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) for traffic engineering. It supports the reservation of resources across an IP network. Applications running on IP end systems can use RSVP to indicate to other nodes the nature (bandwidth, jitter, maximum burst, and so forth) of the packet streams they want to receive. RSVP runs on both IPv4 and IPv6.

RSVP-TE generally allows the establishment of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) label-switched paths (LSPs), taking into consideration network constraint parameters such as available bandwidth and explicit hops.

History
, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) MPLS working group deprecated Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) and decided to focus purely on RSVP-TE. Operational overhead of RSVP-TE compared to the more widely deployed Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) will generally be higher. This is a classic trade-off between complexity and optimality in the use of technologies in telecommunications networks.

Standards
  - RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels
  - The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group decision on MPLS signaling protocols
  - Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels
  - Exclude Routes - Extension to Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)
  - Crankback Signaling Extensions for MPLS and GMPLS RSVP-TE
  - Inter-Domain MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering—Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions
  - Encoding of Attributes for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Path (LSP) Establishment Using Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)
  - Node Behavior upon Originating and Receiving Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Path Error Messages 
  - Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Protocol Extensions for Multi-Layer and Multi-Region Networks (MLN/MRN)

References

Further reading
 

Internet architecture
Somonauk Creek

Somonauk Creek is a tributary of the Fox River, which it joins in the Northville Township part of Sheridan, Illinois, United States. Somonauk Creek is approximately  in length, and its source is  north of Waterman. It has been dammed to form Lake Holiday, south of the village of Somonauk.  The lake is the second lake in the City of Sandwich, with the first, Lake Davis, having been drained in the early 1900s to create usable farmland.  The community later needed a lake to replace the one it lost, so in agreement with the Village of Somonauk, the community decided to place a dam on Somonauk Creek to form the new lake.  The lake was marketed to the suburbs of Chicago as a recreation spot, with the community later making it a permanent subdivision, with housing located around the whole lake.

Cities, towns and counties
The following cities, towns and villages are within the Somonauk watershed:
Somonauk
Waterman
Sheridan (Partial)

The following Illinois counties are partly drained by Somonauk Creek:
DeKalb
LaSalle

See also
List of rivers of Illinois

References

External links
Prairie Rivers Network
TopoQuest map of the Mouth of the Somonauk

Rivers of DeKalb County, Illinois
Rivers of LaSalle County, Illinois
Rivers of Illinois
List of shipwrecks in 1978

The list of shipwrecks in 1978 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1978.

January

2 January

7 January

12 January

13 January

26 January

February

2 February

3 February

7 February

10 February

23 February

March

10 March

16 March

19 March

23 March

April

1 April

7 April

14 April

May

2 May

6 May

12 May

19 May

22 May

29 May

30 May

June

12 June

13 June

17 June

25 June

28 June

July

1 July

2 July

5 July

8 July

18 July

23 July

30 July

August

3 August

12 August

18 August

24 August

27 August

September

1 September

6 September

8 September

13 September

14 September

18 September

20 September

27 September

29 September

Unknown date

October

2 October

3 October

9 October

12 October

18 October

20 October

23 October

30 October

31 October

November

3 November

4 November

7 November

8 November

16 November

20 November

23 November

30 November

Unknown date

December

1 December

7 December

11 December

12 December

13 December

14 December

22 December

30 December

Unknown date

References

See also 

1978
 
Ships
The World and Other Places

The World and Other Places is a collection of short stories by Jeanette Winterson  O.B.E in the style of postmodernism.

Some of the contained short stories have been previously  published in well known publications, such as The New Yorker.  Winterson, like other postmodernists, plays with her words so they carry multiple layers and interpretation.  She writes in short sentences and short fragments without obvious transitions.  This collection questions the nature of narrative.  The stories escape reality and often narrative conventions (one of the stories may be narrated by a dead character).  Sexuality is often of particular importance with Winterson's stories, particularly "The Poetics of Sex" which concerns itself with a lesbian relationship from beginning to end, framed by the public awareness of lesbians. It was published in hardcover by Jonathan Cape in 1998 in the UK and by Alfred A. Knopf the following year in the US.

Short stories included
"The 24-Hour Dog"
"Atlantic Crossing"
"The Poetics of Sex"
"The Three Friends"
"Orion"
"Lives of Saints"
"O'Brien's First Christmas"
"The World and Other Places"
"Disappearance I"
"Disappearance II"
"The Green Man"
"Turn of the World"
"Newton"
"Holy Matrimony"
"A Green Square"
"Adventure of a Lifetime"
"Psalms"

Prior publication
"The Three Friends" in Columbia
"O'Brien's First Christmas" in Elle
"Adventure of a Lifetime" in Esquire
"Orion" in Granta and Home Issue
"The Poetics of Sex" in Granta and Best of Young British Writers
"Psalms" in New Statesman
"The Green Man" and "Disappearance I" (originally titled "Tough Girls Don't Dream") in The New Yorker
"Newton" appeared in the book The New Gothic edited by Patrick McGrath and Bradford Morrow
"Atlantic Crossing" was broadcast on BBC Radio

1998 short story collections
British short story collections
Novels by Jeanette Winterson
Jonathan Cape books
Student Demonstration Time

"Student Demonstration Time" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1971 album Surf's Up. It is an altered version of Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller's "Riot in Cell Block Number 9" with new lyrics by Mike Love.

Background and lyrics
The song which "Student Demonstration Time" is based on—"Riot in Cell Block Number 9"—was originally written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1954, and was considered for inclusion on the Beach Boys' 1965 album Party!, but was ultimately not included. The song was subsequently performed live by the Beach Boys in concert starting in 1969. In mid-1970, Mike Love re-wrote the lyrics after learning of the Kent State Shootings where four unarmed college students protesting the Cambodian Campaign were killed by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. Stephen Desper, engineer of the Beach Boys during this period, explained the genesis and context behind the song:

Other events referred to in the song include (in order of appearance):
 Autumn 1964 – Berkeley Free Speech Movement
 May 1969 – People's Park, also in Berkeley, California
 June 1970 – rioting in Isla Vista, California
 May 14–15, 1970 – Jackson State killings
 May 4, 1970 – Kent State shootings

Release
"Student Demonstration Time" (backed with "Don't Go Near the Water") was released as a single in the Netherlands—where it peaked at #21—and Italy, as well as Australia, where it charted during 1972. However, for the British and German releases of the single, the A-side and B-side were switched, resulting in "Don't Go Near the Water" being the A-side.

Reception
According to Jack Rieley, the band's manager at the time, "Student Demonstration Time" "had Carl and I [sic] blushing with embarrassment", while Dennis was "thoroughly disgusted". Brian disliked the song, saying that the lyrical content was "too intense".

Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski

The Beach Boys
Al Jardine - backing vocals 
Bruce Johnston - backing vocals
Mike Love - lead and backing vocals, tambourine
Carl Wilson - backing vocals, electric guitars
Dennis Wilson - backing vocals, drums

Additional musicians
Blondie Chaplin - bass guitar
Daryl Dragon - tack piano, Moog synthesizer
Glenn Ferris - trombone
Sal Marquez - trumpet
Roger Neumann - tenor saxophone
Joel Peskin - tenor saxophone
Mike Price - trumpet

See also
List of anti-war songs

References

1971 songs
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
Songs written by Mike Love
Song recordings produced by the Beach Boys
Anti-war songs
William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge

William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge is a natural area in the Willamette Valley in Oregon, United States. It was created to provide wintering habitat for dusky Canada geese. Unlike other Canada geese, dusky Canada geese have limited summer and winter ranges. They nest on Alaska's Copper River Delta and winter almost exclusively in the Willamette Valley. Habitat loss, predation, and hunting have caused a decrease in population.

Located ten miles south of Corvallis, Oregon, the refuge protects many of the historic habitats of the valley, including the largest remaining tract of native Willamette Valley wet prairie. Fields of wildlife food crops are interspersed with Oregon white oak savannah, meandering creeks with bottomland Oregon ash forest, old growth bigleaf maple, and native prairie.

Other management goals are to preserve native species and enhance biodiversity including the rare oak savannah, upland prairie, and wet prairie habitats. Endangered and threatened species such as Oregon chub, and Bradshaw's desert parsley find protection and sanctuary on the refuge. A herd of Roosevelt elk can be found in the bottomland forests or farm fields on the refuge.

Under cooperative agreements, area farmers plant refuge fields to produce nutritious grasses preferred by geese. The geese also need water for resting and foraging habitat. Many refuge wetlands occur naturally; others are created by dikes and levees. Some refuge wetlands, drained or channelized by previous owners, are being restored in low-lying areas of the refuge to increase diversity and desirability of habitat for wildlife.

The majority of wetlands are being managed as moist soil units, to promote growth of wetland food plants (millet, smartweed, sedges, etc.) used as food by waterfowl and other wildlife. By resting in undisturbed areas on the refuges, wintering geese regain energy reserves required for migration and nesting. This sanctuary reduces depredation problems on neighboring private lands.

Of historic interest is the Fiechter House, completed in 1857, and thought to be the oldest house in Benton County. The refuge was named for William L. Finley, an early conservationist who persuaded President Theodore Roosevelt to set aside the first National Wildlife Refuge west of the Mississippi River.

Two county roads passing through the refuge are open to the public throughout the year. Similar access is also provided at four viewpoints (kiosks and bulletin boards) and two trails (Woodpecker Loop and Mill Hill). To provide a quiet resting area, waterfowl habitat is closed to public entry while the geese are in residence, from November 1 through March 31. This winter waterfowl closure includes all portions of the refuge except the two trails, kiosks, bulletin boards, and headquarters building.

See also 
List of National Wildlife Refuges
John Fiechter House

References

External links 
 

Willamette Valley
Protected areas of Benton County, Oregon
National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon
Wetlands of Oregon
1964 establishments in Oregon
Landforms of Benton County, Oregon
Protected areas established in 1964
Otafest

Otafest is an annual anime convention held in May (and previously September, mid-June, or early July), at the Telus Convention Centre, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The first Otafest was held 1999 and has expanded each year, including a move in 2009 to include a mini-convention called Otafest Lite, which was replaced in 2012 with Otafest Aurora. At the closing ceremonies in 2015, it was announced that Otafest would be moving to the Telus Convention Centre from the University of Calgary for Otafest 2016 with a new date, July 1–3, however the event dates returned to May after Otafest 2017. As of May 2015, it is the largest anime convention in Western Canada. Otafest is a fully volunteer-run non-profit, and has raised over $125,000 CAD for charitable initiatives since its inception.

Mandate 
Otafest is a Calgary-based nonprofit organization expressing the values of charity, quality, and transparency. The body of their activity pertains to the promotion of Japanese art, culture, and media in the Canadian community, and the organization rests firmly on the spirit of community collaboration and volunteerism.

History 
Otafest was scheduled to occur May 15–17, 2020 but was postponed to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Otafest event history

Otafest Lite/Aurora event history

Otafest Lite

Otafest Aurora

References

External links
 Otafest website
 Dedicated Otaku Anime 

Anime conventions in Canada
Recurring events established in 1999
Festivals in Calgary
Argia

Argia is a genus of damselflies of the family Coenagrionidae and of the subfamily Argiinae. It is a diverse genus which contains about 114 species and many more to be described. It is also the largest genus in Argiinae. They are found in the Western Hemisphere. They are commonly known as dancers. Although the genus name comes from , dancers are quite active and alert damselflies. The bluer Argia species may be confused with Enallagma species.

Characteristics
This genus of damselflies are known as dancers because of the distinctive jerky form of flight they use which contrasts with the straightforward direct flight of bluets, forktails and other pond damselflies. They are usually to be seen in the open where they catch flying insects on the wing rather than flying about among vegetation picking off sedentary prey items. They tend to land and perch flat on the ground, logs and rocks. When perched, they usually hold their wing slightly raised above the abdomen.

The males of most species are some combination of black and blue but they can easily be told from similarly coloured bluets by their mode of flight. Some species have red eyes and others a copper-coloured thorax. Many species have humeral stripes, either notched or forked at the end or narrowed in the centre. The wings have short petioles and are relatively broad close to the base. Unlike most of the Coenagrionidae, dancers are often associated with flowing water.

Species
The genus includes the following species:
Additionally a fossil member of this genus is known from the Miocene Mexican amber

Notes

References

Coenagrionidae
Taxa named by Jules Pierre Rambur
Zygoptera genera
Valentina (hot sauce)

Valentina is a brand of "pourable" hot sauce manufactured by Salsa Tamazula, a company based in Guadalajara, Mexico. The sauce, like the parent company's Tamazula hot sauce, is made with puya chilis from Jalisco state, similar to the Guajillo chili and known by the name guajillo puya.

It is typically sold in 12.5-ounce and large (one-liter or 34-ounce) glass bottles, with a flip-top cap permanently attached to the bottle. The cap does not unscrew. The red shape on the label is an outline of the Mexican state of Jalisco. Valentina is described as thicker than Tabasco sauce and less vinegary, with more chili flavor. It comes in two varieties: hot (900 Scoville Heat Units) and extra hot (2100 SHU). The sauce is known for its use as a condiment on several Mexican foods, especially street fare, and its taste, not only for its heat. Valentina's ingredients are water, chili peppers, vinegar, salt, spices and sodium benzoate (as a preservative).

The sauce is named for Valentina Ramírez Avitia, a Mexican revolutionary.

See also
List of hot sauces
Scoville heat scale

References

External links
 Official website

Brand name condiments
Mexican sauces
Hot sauces
Products introduced in 1954
WCFC

WCFC may refer to:

Broadcasting
 WCFC-LP, a low-power radio station (93.7 FM) licensed to Richmond, Virginia, United States
 WCFC-CA, a defunct television station (channel 51) that was licensed to Rockford, Illinois, United States
 WCPX-TV, a television station (channel 38) licensed to Chicago, Illinois that formerly used the WCFC call letters
WCFC-FM & WCFC (West Virginia), defunct radio stations licensed to Beckley, West Virginia.

Football
 Walton Casuals F.C.
 Wells City F.C.
 West Coburg Football Club
 Winchester Castle F.C.
 Winchester City F.C.
 Wollongong Community Football Club
 Wolverhampton Casuals F.C.
 Worcester City F.C.
Ida Schöpfer

Ida Schöpfer (22 October 1929 – 7 June 2014) was a Swiss alpine skier, ten times Swiss champion in alpine skiing and 1954 World Champion in Downhill skiing and Alpine combined. She competed in the 1952 Winter Olympics, but did not achieve a medal. Ida Schöpfer then became the first woman to be elected Swiss Sportsman of the Year in 1954. The Flühli Ski Club organized a "World Cup Week" in her honor in 2004, during which documents and objects were exhibited and Karl Erb and Bernhard Russi, among others, took part. Ida Schöpfer died in her hometown of Flühli in June 2014 at the age of 84.

References

1929 births
2014 deaths
Swiss female alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Switzerland
Alpine skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
20th-century Swiss women