alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Princess Milica of Montenegro

Princess Milica Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro, also known as Grand Duchess Militza Nikolaevna of Russia, (14 July 1866 – 5 September 1951) was a Montenegrin princess. She was the daughter of King Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro and Milena Vukotić. Milica was the wife of Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia, the younger brother of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia, whose wife was Milica's sister, Anastasia.

Life

Milica and her sister, Anastasia, were invited by Alexander III of Russia to be educated at the Russian Smolny Institute, which was a school for "noble maids".

Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia and Princess Milica were married on 26 July 1889 in Saint Petersburg. She was the first princess to marry in to the Imperial family who was already an Orthodox and did not need to convert in order to marry. She was described as well educated, intelligent and arrogant, and the opposite of her introverted spouse. Milica was an honorary doctor on alchemy in Paris.

Both sisters were socially influential at the Russian Imperial Court. Milica and Anastasia were both ambitious on behalf of their husbands, and attempted to gain influence with the Empress and through her on the Emperor. Their machinations were reviled by most imperial family members and the rest of the royal court. Nicknamed jointly "The Black Peril”, “The Crows”, and “The Cockroaches” the sisters were both observant Russian Orthodox Christians and deeply interested in the occult. They introduced the Imperial Family to the mystic Philippe Nizier-Vashod (usually referred to merely as "Monsieur Philippe") and then to strannik Grigori Rasputin.  In 1909 however, the sisters lost their influence with the Empress.

Milica and her spouse spent a lot of time abroad because of Peter's fragile health. During the First World War, they lived in the Crimea. From Yalta in the Crimea, Anastasia and her husband escaped Russia in 1919 aboard a British battleship, HMS Marlborough. They settled in Italy, living with her sister Elena, Queen of Italy and when the Italian monarchy was abolished in 1947 she left for Egypt.

Children
Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia and Princess Milica were married on 26 July 1889 in Saint Petersburg. The couple had four children:

Princess Marina Petrovna of Russia (1892–1981).
Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia (1896–1978).
Princess Nadejda Petrovna of Russia (1898–1988).
Princess Sofia Petrovna of Russia (3 March 1898 – 3 March 1898); buried in the convent cemetery in Kyiv by her grandmother, Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, who was a nun there.

References

External links
The Njegoskij Fund Public Project: Private family archives-based digital documentary fund focused on history and culture of Royal Montenegro.

1866 births
1951 deaths
20th-century Montenegrin people
Petrović-Njegoš dynasty
People from Cetinje
Montenegrin princesses
Russian grand duchesses by marriage
20th-century Russian people
Emigrants from the Russian Empire
Immigrants to Egypt
20th-century Montenegrin women
Daughters of kings
Eastern Zone, Tigray

The Eastern Zone () is a zone in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is bordered on the east by the Afar Region, on the south by the South Eastern Zone, on the west by the Central Zone and on the north by Eritrea. Its highest point is Mount Asimba (3,250 m). Towns and cities in the Eastern Zone include Adigrat, Atsbi, Hawzen, and Wukro.

Demographics 

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 755,343, of whom 359,638 are men and 395,705 women; 146,064 or 19.34% are urban inhabitants. Two largest ethnic groups reported in the Eastern Zone were the Tigray (95.32%) and Irob (3.78%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.9% of the population. Tigrinya is spoken as a first language by 95.36% and Saho language by 3.67%; the remaining 0.97% spoke all other primary languages reported. 95.73% of the population said they were Orthodox Christians, 2.4% were Muslim, and 1.79% were Catholics.

In the 1994 Census, zone's population was 584,946, of whom 280,679 were males and 304,267 females; 85,508 or 14.6% of its population were urban dwellers. The Zone is predominantly Tigrayan, at 94.9% of the population, while 3.6% were Saho 0.9% were Afar, 0.3% Eritrean, and all other ethnic groups 0.2%.

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 9% of the inhabitants of the zone have access to electricity, and has a road density of 88.2 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers, the average rural household has 0.5 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and a regional average of 0.51) and the equivalent of 0.7 heads of livestock. 38.9% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a regional average of 28%. 91% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 35% in secondary schools. It is not known how much of the zone is exposed to malaria, but none is exposed to the tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 573.

References

Tigray Region
Zones of Ethiopia
Moma

Moma may refer to:

People 
 Moma Clarke (1869–1958), British journalist
 Moma Marković (1912–1992), Serbian politician
 Momčilo Rajin (born 1954), Serbian art and music critic, theorist and historian, artist and publisher

Places
 Angola
 Moma, Angola

 Mozambique
 Moma District, Nampula

 Russia
 Moma District, Russia, Sakha Republic
 Moma Natural Park, a protected area in Moma District
 Moma (river), a tributary of the Indigirka in Sakha Republic
 Moma Range, in Sakha Republic

Transport 
 Moma Airport, in Sakha Republic, Russia
 Moma Airport (Democratic Republic of the Congo), in Kasai-Occidental Province

Other uses 
 Moma (moth), an owlet moth genus
 Mars Organic Molecule Analyser, an instrument aboard the Rosalind Franklin Mars rover
 Mixed Groups of Reconstruction Machines, a Greek Army organization
 Modern Hungary Movement (), a political party in Hungary
 Moma language, spoken in Indonesia
 Museum of Modern Art (disambiguation)
 Museum of Modern Art in New York
 San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

See also 
 Mama (disambiguation)
 Momas, a commune of France
Ghetto Bootleg

Ghetto Bootleg was a set of unreleased tracks and remixes that Fannypack released  on its Web site in 2005. There were originally only 1,000 copies available, but, in 2008, Tommy Boy Entertainment officially released the album.

Track listing

References

2005 albums
FannyPack albums
Tommy Boy Records albums
AP Human Geography

Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, AP HuG, AP Human, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course in human geography for high school, usually freshmen students in the US, culminating in an exam administered by the College Board.

The course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analyses to analyze human social organization and its environmental consequences while also learning about the methods and tools geographers use in their science and practice.

Exam 
The AP Human Geography Exam consists of two sections. The first section consists of 60 multiple choice questions and the second section consists of 3 free-response questions. The sections are 60 and 75 minutes long, respectively. It is not necessary to answer the free-response questions in essay form; instead, points are awarded on certain keywords, examples, and other vital aspects.

Curriculum and Course Outline
The curriculum consists of informational book-related homework, which often requires students to strive to learn information independently. The curriculum teaches about diffusion, human traits, religion, and population clusters.

The topics covered by the exam are as follows:

Course Outline

Grade distribution
The exam was first held in 2001. Grade distributions for the Human Geography scores since 2010 were:

References

Secondary education in the United States
High school course levels
Human geography
Geography education in the United States
Advanced Placement
Gold (Beverley Knight song)

"Gold" was the third single released from Beverley Knight's studio album, Who I Am. The song, which peaked at #27 in Britain, was different from the album version - which was produced by Mike Spencer, and is a big favourite amongst fans. The accompanying video was directed by Adrian Moat.

Knight promoted the song by performing the song on Top of the Pops and sister show Top of the Pops Saturday.

Background

During Knight's 100% Tour in 2010, she announced that she wrote "Gold" after a friend of Knight's told her that she thought we was 'gold'. Knight was then immediately inspired and sat down at a piano and then wrote the song. She dedicated the song to her friend on the album of which "Gold" appears: Who I Am  and also whilst live.

Track list
CD 1
"Gold" (single mix)
"Liquid Gold" (Mark Revel extended mix)
"Gold" (album version)
"Gold" (video)

CD 2
"Gold" (single mix)
"Same (As I Ever Was)" (Bump N Flex mix)
"Same (As I Ever Was)" (album version)

Charts

Personnel
Written by Beverley Knight, Mike Spencer
Single version mixed and produced by Mike 'Spike' Drake
Album version recorded and produced by Mike Spencer
All vocals performed and arranged by Beverley Knight
Drums performed by YoYo, Real drums on album version performed by Shane Meehan
Decks performed by DJ Pogo
Piano Martin Lister
Drums Shane Meehan
Bass Derek Mcyntyre
Guitar Rob Harris

See also
Beverley Knight discography

2002 singles
Beverley Knight songs
Songs written by Beverley Knight
2001 songs
AP Microeconomics

Advanced Placement (AP) Microeconomics (also known as AP Micro) is a course offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program for high school students interested in college-level coursework in microeconomics and/or gaining advanced standing in college. The course begins with a study of fundamental economic concepts such as scarcity, opportunity costs, production possibilities, specialization, and comparative advantage. Major topics include the nature and functions of product markets; factor markets; and efficiency, equity, and the role of government. AP Microeconomics is often taken in conjunction with or after AP Macroeconomics.

Topics outline and distribution of topics
Topics covered in the AP Microeconomics course and exam include:

The exam

Multiple Choice: Students are given 70 minutes to complete 60 multiple choice questions which are weighted 2/3 (66.7%) of the total exam score.
Free-Response Students are allotted 10 minutes of planning then 50 minutes of writing for one long free-response question (weighted 50% of section score) and two short ones (weighted 25% section score each).

Score distribution
74,049 students took the AP Microeconomics exam in 2014.

The exam was first held in 1989, along with Macroeconomics.  Grade distributions since 2008 are as follows:

See also
AP Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
Economics

Glossary of economics

External links
AP: Microeconomics

Study Resources
 
Free online AP Microeconomics course taught by Prof. Jon Gruber (MIT): https://www.edx.org/course/introductory-ap-microeconomics

Economics education
Advanced Placement
Gentiana nivalis

Gentiana nivalis, the snow gentian or Alpine gentian, is a species of the genus Gentiana. It grows to a height of 3–15 centimetres.

It is the county flower of Perthshire in the United Kingdom, and became a protected species in that country in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.

It is also one of the national flowers of Austria and Switzerland.

The Norwegian municipality Nord-Aurdal has G. nivalis in its coat of arms.

References

Further reading
 Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen, München 2003, 
 Manfred A. Fischer: Exkursionsflora von Österreich, Stuttgart 1994, 

nivalis
Alpine flora
Flora of Europe
Flora of Italy
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Greenland
Flora of the Alps
Flora of the Carpathians
Flora of the Pyrenees
Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band

The Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band (JGAB) was a  band formed by Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead.  They played a number of  concerts in 1987 and 1988, and subsequently released two  live albums.

Band members
Jerry Garcia - guitar, vocals
David Nelson - guitar, vocals
Sandy Rothman - mandolin, dobro, banjo, vocals
John Kahn - bass
Kenny Kosek - fiddle
David Kemper - drums

History
Garcia and Rothman had played together in The Black Mountain Boys, a bluegrass band. The JGAB formed in 1987 and made their first public appearance at The Fillmore on March 18, 1987 at a benefit concert for Artist Rights Today.

The JGAB played the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre for a two-week Broadway run, then continued with appearances at The Warfield in San Francisco and the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles. Other performances included the Electric on the Eel concert, the Creating a Better Future benefit in Marin County, California, as well as appearances at the Cotati Cabaret (an exclusive club in Sonoma County, California), and the Frost Amphitheater at Stanford University.

Discography

Almost Acoustic – 1988
Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, New York City, October 31, 1987 – two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Band and two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band – 2004
Pure Jerry: Lunt-Fontanne, New York City, The Best of the Rest, October 15–30, 1987 – two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Band and one CD by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band – 2004
 Ragged but Right – 2010
On Broadway: Act One – October 28th, 1987 – two CDs by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band and one CD by the Jerry Garcia Band – 2015
Electric on the Eel – six CDs by the Jerry Garcia Band and one CD bonus disc by the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band – 2019

Selection of songs performed
Swing Low Sweet Chariot
Diamond Joe
I'm Here To Get My Baby Out Of Jail
Deep Elem Blues
I'm Troubled
Oh, The Wind and Rain
Oh Babe, It Ain't No Lie
Ripple
I've Been All Around This World
The Girl At The Crossroads Bar
The Ballad of Casey Jones (A song written by Mississippi John Hurt, not to be confused with the Grateful Dead's own song "Casey Jones")
Gone Home
Blue Yodel
Spike Driver Blues
Trouble In Mind
I Ain't Never
Short Life Of Trouble
Ragged But Right
Drifting With The Tide
Rosa Lee McFall
Two Soldiers
If I Lose
Bright Morning Star
Goodnight Irene
(It's A Long, Long Way) To The Top Of The World
Drifting Too Far From The Shore
Turtle Dove
Ashes Of Love
Poison Love
Friend Of The Devil
Little Sadie

References

1987 establishments in California
1988 disestablishments in California
Rock music groups from California
Jerry Garcia
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups disestablished in 1988
AP Physics B

Advanced Placement (AP) Physics B was a physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It was equivalent to a year-long introductory university course covering Newtonian mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid mechanics, thermal physics, waves, optics, and modern physics. The course was algebra-based and heavily computational; in 2015, it was replaced by the more concept-focused AP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2.

Exam

The exam consisted of a 70 MCQ section, followed by a 6-7 FRQ section. Each section was 90 minutes and was worth 50% of the final score. The MCQ section banned calculators, while the FRQ allowed calculators and a list of common formulas. Overall, the exam was configured to approximately cover a set percentage of each of the five target categories:

Purpose

According to the College Board web site, the Physics B course provided "a foundation in physics for students in the life sciences, a pre medical career path, and some applied sciences, as well as other fields not directly related to science."

Discontinuation
Starting in the 2014–2015 school year, AP Physics B was no longer offered, and AP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2 took its place. Like AP Physics B, both are algebra-based, and both are designed to be taught as year-long courses.

Grade distribution
The grade distributions for the Physics B scores from 2010 until its discontinuation in 2014 are as follows:

References

External links
College Board Course Description: Physics

Advanced Placement
Physics education
Standardized tests
Nardaran

Nardaran is a settlement and municipality on the Abşeron Peninsula in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 8,300. Located 25 kilometers northeast of central Baku, it is politically part of the Baku city-subdivision and treated as a suburb. Unlike most of the rest of the country which is religiously liberal, Nardaran is a center of conservative Shi'a Islam and pro-Iranian sentiment in Azerbaijan.

Nardaran's name come from Persian: nar (pomegranate)نار + daran (trees) داران, i.e. "place with pomegranate trees".

The town is the site of a 14th-century castle, featuring a round tower approximately 12.5 meters high. During Soviet rule, the town was known as a center for growing flowers.  Since Azerbaijan's independence, the economy has dwindled and the town is reputed for its caviar poachers.

Center of Shia Islam
Nardaran "has long been a bastion of devout Shia Muslims" and is the only place in the whole of Azerbaijan where its inhabitants are devoutly religious and conservative, and where its streets displayed religious banners and where most women wear chadors in public. The town is home to a madrasa as well as the Rahima Khanim Mosque, a large Shia mosque built in the late 1990s over the tomb of Rahima Khanim, the sister of Imam Reza. The now banned Islamic Party of Azerbaijan was founded in this town and its base was centered there. Nardaran has been the site of strong protests and unrest, notable riots in June 2002 over what protesters deemed inadequate living standards and another in January 2006 which resulted in the deaths of three people. On November 26, 2015, two policemen and four suspected Shia Muslim militants were killed in an armed confrontation.
The religious leader of the Muslim Unity Movement Taleh Bagirov was also arrested, together with 14 other Nardaran residents.

As a result of this incident, the Azerbaijani parliament passed laws prohibiting people with religious education received abroad to implement Islamic rites and ceremonies in Azerbaijan, as well as to preach in mosques and occupy leading positions in the country; as well as prohibiting the display of religious paraphernalia, flags and slogans, except in places of worship, religious centers and offices. Ashura festivities in public have also been banned. The Azerbaijani government also passed a law to remove the citizenship of Azerbaijani citizens who fight abroad.

Gallery

See also
List of lighthouses in Azerbaijan

References

External links
Picture of the lighthouse

Villages in Azerbaijan
Populated places in Baku
Lighthouses in Azerbaijan
Chase Sanborn

Chase Sanborn (born September 3, 1956) is a well-known Canadian jazz trumpet player and veteran studio musician based in Toronto, Ontario. Originally from New York, Sanborn is an alumnus of the Berklee College of Music and a former member of the Ray Charles Orchestra. Stylistically, Sanborn draws from the traditions of Clifford Brown and Chet Baker.

A celebrated jazz educator, Chase Sanborn's instructional books Jazz Tactics and Brass Tactics have garnered worldwide praise for their insightful yet light-hearted and humorous look at the worlds of jazz improvisation and brass playing. His latest project, the Jazz Tactics DVD takes viewers on a guided tour of the world of jazz improvisation.

Sanborn is a member of the jazz faculty at the University of Toronto, a long-time columnist for Canadian Musician Magazine, and a contributor to a variety of music-related publications.

External links
 Official Website
 University of Toronto Bio
 Canadian Musician Magazine Website

Canadian jazz trumpeters
Male trumpeters
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Living people
1956 births
Musicians from Toronto
Berklee College of Music alumni
Musicians from New York (state)
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
Canadian male jazz musicians
AP Psychology

Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology (also known as AP Psych) and its corresponding exam are part of the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. This course is tailored for students interested in the field of psychology and as an opportunity to earn Advanced Placement credit or exemption from a college-level psychology course. It was the shortest AP exam until the AP Physics C exam was split into two separate exams in 2006.

AP Psychology is often considered one of the easier AP exams; relative to the other tests, the material is rather straightforward and much easier to self-study. Among all the social studies Advanced Placement exams, the Psych exam had the second-highest passing rate in 2018.

Topics covered
The College Board provides a course of study to help educators prepare their students for the AP Psychology exam. The exam covers the following 9 areas. The percentage indicates the portion of the multiple-choice section of the exam focused on each content area:

Exam

The exam includes two sections: a 70-minute multiple choice section (100 questions) and a 50-minute free response section (2 prompts). The multiple choice provides two-thirds of the grade and the free-response provides the remaining third.

Beginning with the May 2011 AP Exam administration, total scores on the multiple-choice section are based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are no longer deducted for incorrect answers. Grading (the number of points needed to get a certain score) is slightly more strict as a result.

Grade distribution

The exam was first held in 1992. Grade distributions for the Psychology exam scores since 2010 were:

Controversies
In August 2023, the Florida Department of Education ruled that AP Psychology was in violation of the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act due to content on sexual orientation and gender identity in the course, effectively banning the course in the state of Florida. The department told school officials that the course may only be taught if material on sexual orientation and gender identity was removed from the curriculum. College Board responded that if such topics were removed, the class would not be compliant with college requirements, and thus not be eligible for Advanced Placement. The ban came amidst a broader backlash against the teaching of LGBTQ+ topics in the United States.

References

Notes

External links
AP Psychology at CollegeBoard.com

Advanced Placement
Science education
Central Zone, Tigray

The Central Zone () is a zone in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Towns and cities in the Central Zone include Axum and Adwa, as well as the historically significant village of Yeha and the town of Tembien Abiyi Adi. The Central Zone is bordered on the east by the Eastern Zone, on the south by South Eastern Zone, on the west by North Western Zone and on the north by Eritrea.

Demographics 

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 1,245,824, of whom 613,797 are men and 632,027 women; 176,453 or 14.16% are urban inhabitants. The largest ethnic group reported in the Central Zone was the Tigrayan (99.37%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.63% of the population. Tigrinya is spoken as a first language by 99.4; the remaining 0.6% spoke all other primary languages reported. 97.82% of the population said they were Orthodox Christians, and 2.07% were Muslim.

The 1994 national census reported a total population for the zone of 943,850, of whom 464,633 were men and 479,217 women; 91,058 or 9.6% of its population were urban dwellers. The Zone is predominantly Tigrayan, at 99.6% of the population, while 0.11% were Agaw, 0.096% Amhara, and all other ethnic groups 0.12%. Tigrinya was spoken as a first language by 99.67% of the inhabitants. 98.41% of the population said they were Orthodox Christians, and 1.55% were Muslim. Concerning education in the Zone, 9.64% of the population were considered literate; 10.62% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, while a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and 0.14% of children aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, about 25% of the urban and 5.6% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; about 2.5% of the urban and 6% of the total had toilet facilities.

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 13% of the inhabitants of the Central Zone have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 29.0 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers, the average rural household has 0.8 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and a regional average of 0.51) and the equivalent of 0.8 heads of livestock. 17% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a regional average of 28%. 74% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 28% in secondary schools. 78% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and none to Tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 616.

References 

Tigray Region
Zones of Ethiopia
Pir Huseyn Khanqah

The Pir Huseyn Khanqah and Mausoleum lies along the left bank of Pirsaat River (Pirsaatçay), 126 kilometers to the southwest of Baku. The inscription plaque over the portal, read by V. Kratchkovskaya in 1952, announces that the khanqah (dervish monastery) was built by Sharaf al-Dawla wal-din Hasan during the reign of the Shirvanshah Afridhun Abul-Muzaffar Fariburz (Fariburz III, 1225–1255). The title gives a later date: "Here lies the sheikh, imam, mystic...Al-Husain, son of 'Ali, known as Pir Husain Rawanan...His tomb was rebuilt by 'Umar, son of Muhammad al-Shirzadi of Qazvin and completed in the year of 684 [1280 B.C.E.]." It is likely that the tomb of Pir Husayn bin Ali, an Azeri sheikh of the Qalandari sect who lived in the 11th century, existed on this site before a formal khanqah was built around it in the 13th century.

Built out of cut-stone, the roughly rectangular complex was centered on an open courtyard fortified with ramparts, similar to a ribat. The crenellated rampart walls were buttressed with round bastions at the corners and semi-circular bastions at the middle of the south, east and west walls. A monumental gate centered on the eastern wall gave access to the courtyard, which was surrounded with halls of different sizes to its north and west, including a mosque on the western wing and a single minaret near the northeastern corner.

The Pir Husayn Khanqah was renowned for the glazed tiles covering the interior of the tomb and the sheikh's sarcophagus, which had disappeared entirely by 1913. By the 1940s, more than four hundred of the tomb's cross and star-shaped tiles were identified by V. Kratchkovskaya at the Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg) and the State Museum of Georgia (Tbilisi), including tiles from the inscriptive frieze of the mausoleum. Set in an array with plain cross-shaped tiles, each eight-sided star tile featured a unique composition of floral motifs and depictions of birds, horses and fish painted on a turquoise base and bordered with a single line of inscription on a white background. Given the absence of ceramic workshops in Shirvan Shahi territory in the thirteenth century, it is likely that the tiles were made by Persian artisans from Kashan or Tabriz.

Sources 
Aslanapa, Oktay. 1979. Kirim ve Azerbaycan'da Türk Eserleri. Istanbul: Baha Matbaasi, 84–92.
Fatullayev, S.S. and R.S. Babasov. 2005. "Memarliq". Maison d'Azerbaidjan Website. . [Accessed November 2, 2005]
Kratchkovskaya, V. A. 1946. Izraztsi Mavsoleia Pir-Khuseina. (Les Faiences du Mausolée de Pir-Houssein). Tbilisi: Académie des Sciences de la RSS de Géorgie.
Kratchkowskaja, V. 1952. "Texte de Construction: Chanakah Pir Husain." In Répertoire Chronologique d'Épigraphie Arabe, XI, 154-155 (no.4231).
Kratchkovskaja, V. 1954. "Texte de Construction: Khanakah Pir Husain." In Répertoire Chronologique d'Épigraphie Arabe, XIII, 45-46 (no.4865).
Wilber, Donald Newton. 1969. The Architecture of Islamic Iran: The Il Khanid Period. New York: Greenwood Press, 106–107.

Islam in Azerbaijan
Mausoleums in Azerbaijan
Sufi shrines
Tourist attractions in Azerbaijan
Durrat Al Bahrain

Durrat Al Bahrain () is the third largest artificial island in Bahrain after Northern City and Diyar Al Muharraq Islands. 
It lies  south of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.

Description
Durrat Al Bahrain islands include luxury villas with either sea or beach views, parks, sports facilities, mosques, shops, restaurants, 12 bridges, and a marina. The project has a cost of about US$1.3 billion.

The marina is a joint venture between the Bahraini government and Kuwait Finance House, one of the GCC region's leading banks. The marina development is the first of its type and size in the Middle East.

History
In 2002, plans were laid down for the project. Work began in 2004.
In February 2008, work on the project was interrupted as more than 1,300 laborers laid down tools in a dispute over pay. Workers who were based at a laborers' camp on the development site, went on strike demanding better salaries and complaining of poor living conditions. The strike was called off soon after.

Geography
The project consists of a series of 15 large artificial islands, covering an area of about . 
It has six atolls, five fish-shaped islands, two crescent-shaped islands, and two more small islands related to the Marina area.

Administration
The island belongs to Southern Governorate.  The Development Company established an organization to manage the ongoing operation of the development.  Julian Butson was appointed as the first chief executive officer of Durrat Resort Management.

Transportation
The islands have two causeways connecting them to Bahrain Island.

Image gallery

See also 

 List of islands of Bahrain

References 

Populated places in the Southern Governorate, Bahrain
Islands of Bahrain
Artificial islands of Bahrain
Islands of the Persian Gulf
Silicon Alley Reporter

Silicon Alley Reporter was an American trade publication focused on New York's Silicon Alley.

Founded by Jason Calacanis in 1996, then was renamed the Venture Reporter in 2001 and was eventually sold to Dow Jones in 2003.

Rafat Ali served as Managing Editor before founding paidContent.org and its parent company ContentNext Media.

Notable contributors include Xeni Jardin, Rafat Ali and Clay Shirky. The parent company of Silicon Alley Reporter and Venture Reporter was called Rising Tide Studios.

Karol Martesko-Fenster collaborated with Jason Calacanis and Gordon Gould from 1997 to 1999 on the launch of Silicon Alley Reporter prior to joining Rising Tide Studios in April 1999. He served as President & Publisher until mid-2001.

The Silicon Alley Reporter 100, the list of the 100 most influential people in New York Technology, was published annually.

References

 Ryan Naraine (October 8, 2001). Silicon Alley Reporter Goes Under. via clickZ news.
 Rafat Ali (April 11, 2003). Enhanced Silicon: Venture Reporter Bought Out. via paidcontent.org
 Janelle Brown (March 3, 2000). Who decides who in Silicon Alley via Slate
 Greg Lindsay (March 28, 2007). So What Do You Do, Rafat Ali? via MediaBistro
 ContentNext Media ContentNext Media homepage
 Amy Harmon (October 8, 2001) Requiem for a Cheerleader: Silicon Alley Magazine Is Dead New York Times
 Ben Popper (March 18, 2011) The Silicon Alley Reporter 100: 10 Years Later, Where Are They Now? BetaBeat
 Mary Huhn (April 18, 1999) Silicon Alley Reporter Being Courted by the Bigs New York Post
 Jennifer Rewick (February 29, 2000) Silicon Alley Reporter Seeks Some Silicon Alley Investors Wall Street Journal

Business magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1996
Professional and trade magazines
N = 2 superstring

In string theory, N = 2 superstring is a theory in which the worldsheet admits N = 2 supersymmetry rather than N = 1 supersymmetry as in the usual superstring. The target space (a term used for a generalization of space-time) is four-dimensional, but either none or two of its dimensions are time-like, i.e. it has either 4+0 or 2+2 dimensions. The spectrum consists of only one massless scalar, which describes gravitational fluctuations of self-dual gravity. The target space theory is therefore self-dual gravity, and is thought to consist no local (or propagating) degrees of freedom.

References

String theory
Viking rock

Viking rock (also known as Vikingarock in Swedish) is a rock music genre that takes much of its themes from 19th-century Viking romanticism, mixing it with elements of rockabilly, Oi! or street punk, and folk music. Frequent themes occurring in Viking rock include vikings and Norse mythology, as well as Sweden's King Karl XII and the Caroleans.

Viking rock is often linked to white supremacy. Many make no distinction between Viking rock and white power music, and there is debate whether Viking rock is essentially racist. Some viking rock bands, however, allegedly disapprove of racism such as the Swedish band Hel.

Kuggnäsfestivalen is a music festival that caters to viking rock.

List of notable Viking rock bands
Glittertind
Hel
Ultima Thule

References

External links
 Vikingarock.se - Sweden's largest homepage about Viking rock

 

nl:Vikingarock
Natalie Canerday

Natalie Suzanne Canerday (born March 9, 1962) is an American actress.

Canerday is a native of Russellville, Arkansas. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theatre in 1985 from Hendrix College  (where she performed in plays with Herman's Head star William Ragsdale), she began her motion picture career as a production secretary for the television feature The Tuskegee Airmen, then made minor appearances in films such as Biloxi Blues and Walk the Line, and later Shotgun Stories. She played the wife of a small town sheriff in the 1991 film One False Move. Her most famous roles have been as protagonists' harried mothers in Sling Blade and October Sky. In 1996, she and others in Billy Bob Thornton's Sling Blade cast were collectively nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Cast in a Motion Picture.

Canerday served as a judge for the 2006 George Lindsey/UNA Film Festival, and in 2007 was cast in a national radio commercial.
In October 2009 she worked in the Oak Ridge Secret City Film Festival in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which was known as the 7 day shoot-out because the contestants had only 7 days to make a 2–7 minute short-film. She played the part of a bartender in the short film Third Rate Romance directed by Chase Hartsook.

References

External links
 
 Natalie Canerday at Moviefone

1962 births
Actresses from Arkansas
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from Russellville, Arkansas
Hendrix College alumni
People from Pope County, Arkansas
21st-century American women
AP Chinese Language and Culture

Advanced Placement (AP) Chinese Language and Culture (commonly known as AP Chinese) is a course and exam offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program in the United States. It requires proficiencies throughout the Intermediate range as described in the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Proficiency Guidelines. The course interweaves language and culture learning and is conducted mostly in Mandarin Chinese. The first AP Chinese courses were offered worldwide in the fall of 2006, followed by the exam in May 2007.

Topic Outline 
The course covers six units. Students should know these topics to succeed in the course and on the exam.

Exam
The AP Chinese Language and Culture Exam is approximately 2 hours and 15 minutes in length. It assesses Interpersonal, Interpretive, and Presentational communication skills in Mandarin Chinese, along with knowledge of Chinese culture.

Section I consists of multiple-choice questions.
 Part A: Listening
 Part B: Reading
Section II, the free-response section, requires one to produce written and spoken responses.
 Part A: Writing
 Part B: Speaking

Grade distribution
The AP Chinese Language and Culture exam consistently has the highest percentage of 5 scores out of all AP tests, likely attributed to fluent Chinese speakers taking the exam for credit. The exception is in 2022, when the AP Japanese Language and Culture exam narrowly had a higher 5-rate by 0.5 percentage points. It is worth noting that the 5-rate for the Chinese exam, on average, steadily declined as the years passed. The grade distributions since the exam's debut in 2007 were:

See also
Chinese as a foreign language
Language education in the United States

References

External links
 AP Chinese Language and Culture at CollegeBoard.com
 Teacher Resources for AP Chinese Course at CollegeBoard.com
 AP Chinese Language and Culture Course

Chinese language tests
Advanced Placement
Shape of You (Reshaped)

"Shape of You (Reshaped)" was the fourth and final single from Beverley Knight's album, Who I Am. It was a remix of the album track "Shape of You", featuring new vocals, lyrics and production by Wyclef Jean and was included on a re-release of the album in 2003. The remixed track was originally due for release in November 2002 but due to promotional reasons it was put back until early 2003. The single was a limited edition, containing a sticker, which by UK chart rules makes the single unable to qualify for the charts. The B-side "Whatever's Clever" has been release as a single in several south European countries, like Italy or Switzerland.

The video for the single was directed by Max & Dania.

Track list
 "Shape of You (Reshaped)" (featuring Hollywood)
 "Shape of You" (album version)
 "Whatever's Clever" (Fusion mix)
 "Shape of You (Reshaped)" (video) (featuring Hollywood and Wyclef Jean)

Personnel
Written by Beverley Knight, Wyclef Jean, Jerry Duplessis and J. Jean
Produced by Wyclef Jean and Jerry Duplessis
All vocals performed and arranged by Beverley Knight
Additional rap and spoken vocals provided by Hollywood and Wyclef Jean
Recorded at Platinum Sound Studios, NYC

See also
Beverley Knight discography

References

2003 singles
Beverley Knight songs
Songs written by Wyclef Jean
Songs written by Jerry Duplessis
Song recordings produced by Jerry Duplessis
Songs written by Beverley Knight
Song recordings produced by Wyclef Jean
Music videos directed by Max & Dania
List of Ace mystery letter-series single titles

Ace Books have published hundreds of mystery titles, starting in 1952.  Most of these were Ace Doubles (dos-à-dos format), but they also published a few single volumes.  Between 1952 and 1968, the books had a letter-series identifier; after that date they were given five digit numeric serial numbers.  There were a total of 17 letter-series mystery titles.

The list given here gives a date of publication; in all cases this refers to the date of publication by Ace, and not the date of original publication of the novels.  For more information about the history of these titles, see Ace Books, which includes a discussion of the serial numbering conventions used and an explanation of the letter-code system.

D and S Series

S-083 MY Arnold Drake The Steel Noose (1954)
S-097 MY Norman Hershman (as Norman Herries) Death Has 2 Faces (1955)
D-411 MY Bob McKnight Swamp Sanctuary

G Series

G-510 MY Charlotte Armstrong Lewi (as Charlotte Armstrong) The Case Of The Weird Sisters (1965)
G-514 MY Charlotte Armstrong Lewi (as Charlotte Armstrong) Something Blue
G-540 MY Charlotte Armstrong Lewi (as Charlotte Armstrong) A Little Less Than Kind (1965)
G-546 MY Helen Reilly Compartment K (1965)
G-548 MY Rohan O'Grady Let's Kill Uncle (1965)
G-549 MY Ursula Curtiss The Iron Cobweb (1965)
G-555 MY Ursula Curtiss The Wasp (1963)
G-557 MY Ursula Curtiss Out of the Dark
G-561 MY Ursula Curtiss Widow's Web (1965)
G-565 MY Ursula Curtiss The Deadly Climate (1965)

H Series

H-61 MY Elizabeth Salter Death In A Mist (1968)
H-80 MY Margaret Summerton (as Jan Roffman) With Murder In Mind (1968)
H-93 MY Delano Ames The Man in the Tricorn Hat
H-97 MY Delano Ames The Man With Three Jaguars

References 
Ace Image Library.  Contains images of most covers for both the singles and doubles.
Bookscans.  Contains numerous images of the Ace covers.

Mystery letter-series single titles
Iyatiku

Iyatiku is the corn goddess of the Keresan Puebloes. From Shipap, her underground realm, humanity first emerged, from there infants today are born and tither go the dead.
To provide food for them, she plants bits of her heart in fields to the north, west, south, and east. Later the pieces of Iyatiku's heart grow into fields of corn.
The Cochiti Puebloes regard Mesewi as the hero who had led the ancestors of the tribe out of Shipap.

She is associated with compassion, agriculture, and children.
Her symbols are Beans, Cavern, Corn, Seeds and Soil.
She has no Totem Animal.

External links 
GodChecker.com – IYATIKU: Underground Corn Goddess

Goddesses of the indigenous peoples of North America
Agricultural goddesses
Childhood goddesses
Giovanni Paolo Oliva

Giovanni Paolo Oliva (4 October 1600 – 26 November 1681) was the eleventh Superior General of the Society of Jesus.

Biography
Oliva was born at Genoa in 1600, and in 1616 he entered the Society of Jesus. A famous pulpit orator, he was an Apostolic Preacher of the Palace under Popes Innocent X, Alexander VII, Clement IX, and Clement X. In 1661, during the disease of the Superior General Goschwin Nickel, the General Congregation XI elected him vicar-general with the right of succession. His chief aim was to remove all causes of dissension and of personal friction between his institute and other religious orders, towards which he showed himself most reverent and yielding. He extended and increased the missions, creating new ones outside of Europe, especially in Japan. His book of forty-odd sermons for Lent, and his work of six folio volumes, In Selecta Scripturae Loca Ethicae Commentationes, demonstrate his scholarship and piety. Remembering what had happened to Cardinal Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Oliva printed one thousand of his letters, in order that they might not be printed by others and be misconstrued.

Popish Plot

In 1678 the English informer Titus Oates named him as one of the ringleaders of the Popish Plot, a supposed Catholic conspiracy to kill King Charles II of England, which in fact was entirely Oates' own fabrication. Fortunately for Oliva, unlike the many English Jesuits who suffered in the plot, he was safely out of reach of the English authorities. Oates had never met him but was acquainted with several English Jesuits, and knew enough about the society to make it appear that he was in the Jesuits' confidence. In reality, Oliva could have no motive to kill King Charles, who was himself an all but open Roman Catholic, and Oliva may even have corresponded with him, as he certainly did with his brother, the future King James II of England. In addition, he took a strong view of the unlawfulness of attempting to overthrow a sovereign ruler, stating that if any Jesuits had engaged in such actions (while stressing that he thought it most improbable that they had) they deserved to suffer the full penalties of the law.

He died at Sant'Andrea al Quirinale in Rome.

References

Kenyon, J.P.  The Popish Plot Phoenix Press reissue 2000

1600 births
1681 deaths
Superiors General of the Society of Jesus
17th-century Italian Jesuits
Lindau (disambiguation)

Lindau is a town and island in Lake Constance, Bavaria, Germany.

Lindau may also refer to:

Places

Germany
 Lindau (Anhalt), a town in the district Anhalt-Zerbst, Saxony-Anhalt
 Lindau (Katlenburg-Lindau), a village in the municipality of Katlenburg-Lindau in Lower Saxony
 Lindau, Schleswig-Holstein, part of Amt Dänischer Wohld, district Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein

Bavaria
 Lindau (district), Swabia
 Lindau (island), the Altstadt of the town of Lindau
 Lindau, a district of Trebgast, Kulmbach

Switzerland
 Lindau, Switzerland, Zurich

People
 Lindau (surname)
 Arvid Lindau (1892–1958), Swiss pathologist and bacteriologist
 von Hippel–Lindau disease or familial cerebello retinal angiomatosis, a human eye disease named after Lindau and German ophthalmologist Eugen von Hippel
 von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor, a protein in humans, mutations of which may cause the above disease
 von Hippel–Lindau binding protein 1, a human chaperone protein that transports the above protein

Other uses
 Lindau-class minehunter, a class of German coastal minehunters
1985 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

The 11th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards were announced on 14 December 1985 and given on 23 January 1986.

Winners
Best Picture:
Brazil
Runner-up: Out of Africa
Best Director:
Terry Gilliam – Brazil
Runner-up: Akira Kurosawa – Ran
Best Actor:
William Hurt – Kiss of the Spider Woman
Runner-up: Jack Nicholson – Prizzi's Honor
Best Actress:
Meryl Streep – Out of Africa
Runner-up: Whoopi Goldberg – The Color Purple
Best Supporting Actor:
John Gielgud – Plenty and The Shooting Party
Runner-up: William Hickey – Prizzi's Honor
Best Supporting Actress (tie):
Anjelica Huston – Prizzi's Honor
Runner-up: Oprah Winfrey – The Color Purple
Best Screenplay:
Terry Gilliam, Charles McKeown and Tom Stoppard - Brazil
Runner-up: Richard Condon and Janet Roach – Prizzi's Honor
Best Cinematography:
David Watkin – Out of Africa
Best Music Score:
Toru Takemitsu – Ran
Runner-up: Mark Isham - Trouble in Mind
Best Foreign Film (tie):
The Official Story (La historia oficial) • Argentina
Ran • Japan/France
Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award:
Rosa von Praunheim – Horror Vacui
New Generation Award:
Laura Dern
Runner-up: Whoopi Goldberg
Career Achievement Award:
Akira Kurosawa
Special Citation:
Claude Lanzmann - Shoah

References

External links
11th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

1985
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards