alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Animus revertendi

The term animus revertendi is a Latin phrase that means "with intention to relocate".

It can refer to an animal that is under the care of another, which distinguishes it from an animal ferae naturae (wild beast). It is a type of ownership right recognized by property law. This legal concept also supports the intent of a candidate not to abandon one's residence due to work or study. The legal residence is protected by this legal concept.

Purpose
The concept was originally created to protect the rights of livestock holders that had free ranging animals. Without the recognition of animus revertendi, any animal that strayed away from the owner's property onto public land could be killed and taken without any compensation to the original caretaker. It takes a lot of time and effort to raise and feed a beast. By recognizing that the caretaker has rights, it promotes the care and feeding of animals, especially for human consumption, creates incentive to produce by eliminating the free rider problem. It may also be applied to pets.

Requirements
Fair notice of animus revertendi must be given, otherwise the right will not be recognized. The honest mistake of another in the absence of any fair notice will allow another party to claim the animal as his own.

Types of notice
In the absence of prior knowledge of ownership, one or more of these (or other) factors by itself or in combination with another could be used to determine if a reasonable person would have believed animus revertendi existed.
Species - is an animal that is typically domesticated
Location - out of natural habitat
Identifying marks - ex. nametag, branding
etc.

See also
 Livestock branding

External links

 Article on livestock branding 
 Free Roam Grazing Animals

Latin legal terminology
Property law
Kilbourn v. Thompson

Kilbourn v. Thompson, 103 U.S. 168 (1880), was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the question whether or not the United States House of Representatives may compel testimony.

Hallet Kilbourn was subpoenaed to testify before a Special Committee established by the House of Representatives to investigate the bankruptcy of Jay Cooke & Company. Though he appeared, he refused to answer any questions and did not tender requested documents. John G. Thompson, Sergeant-At-Arms for the House, took Kilbourn into custody. Kilbourn continued to refuse to testify and provided no explanation for his refusal. The House resolved that Kilbourn was in contempt and should be held in custody until he agreed to testify and produce the requested documents. The Court found that the House did have the power to punish for contempt. However, House members could not be sued for false imprisonment as they were exercising their official duties and protected by the Speech and Debate Clause, Art. I, § 6, cl. 1.  In addition the Supreme Court established several limits in the scope of investigations, called the "Kilbourn Test".

The Kilbourn Test
(1) Inquiries must not "invade areas constitutionally reserved to the courts or the executive"
(2) Inquiries must deal "with subjects on which Congress could validly legislate"
(3) The resolution authorizing the investigation must specify " a congressional interest in legislating on that subject."
(4) Where the inquiry can result in "no valid legislation," then the "Private affairs of individuals" are not valid targets for inquiry

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 103
Calder v. Bull, 
Ex parte Milligan, 
United States v. Cruikshank,

Further reading

External links

 
The road to impeachment*

United States Constitution Article One case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
United States House of Representatives
1880 in United States case law
Speech or Debate Clause case law
Legal tests
Open forum

Open Forum may refer to:

 Forum (legal), a United States constitutional law term
 Open Forum (Australia), Australian E-Democracy site
Work-product doctrine

In American civil procedure, the work-product doctrine protects materials prepared in anticipation of litigation from discovery by opposing counsel.  It is also known as the work-product rule, the work-product immunity, the work-product exception, and the work-product privilege, though there is debate about whether it is truly a "privilege."  This doctrine does not apply in other countries, where such communications are not protected, but where the legal discovery process itself is much more limited.

Doctrine
Under the work-product doctrine, "tangible material or its intangible equivalent" that is collected or prepared in anticipation of litigation is not discoverable.

Comparison with attorney–client privilege
The work-product doctrine is more inclusive than attorney–client privilege. Unlike the attorney–client privilege, which includes only communications between an attorney and the client, work product includes materials prepared by persons other than the attorney themselves: The materials may have been prepared by anybody as long as they were prepared with an eye towards the realistic possibility of impending litigation. Additionally, it includes materials collected for the attorney such as interrogatories, signed statements, other information acquired for the prosecution or defense of a case.

Despite its inclusiveness, the work-product doctrine is less powerful than the attorney-client privilege, and therefore may be overcome by a showing of necessity. An example of a possible exception would be a witness being unavailable due to death or living in a remote/hostile nation. 

Even if an exception to the work-product doctrine is made, the court would still protect privileged actions by an attorney, by redacting the privileged part of the document. "Memoranda, briefs, communications ... other writings prepared by counsel for his/her own use in prosecuting the client's case ... mental impressions, conclusions, opinions, or legal theories" are never discoverable by an opposing party.

Assertion of the doctrine by pro se parties
There is considerable debate within the American federal judiciary system whether or not the protections afforded by the work-product doctrine may be asserted by a litigant who is not represented by an attorney or a litigant representing in pro se. No United States appellate court has yet decided the issue but multiple federal district courts and some state courts have held or assumed that unrepresented litigants do enjoy the protections of the doctrine.

History
The work-product doctrine originated in the 1947 case of Hickman v. Taylor, in which the Supreme Court affirmed a United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit decision which excluded from discovery of oral and written statements made by witnesses to a defendant's attorney.  The Supreme Court, acting at the recommendation of the Advisory Committee of the Judicial Conference, later enshrined this doctrine formally in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as Rule 26(b)(3).

References

External links
 Expanding Scope of Attorney-Work-Product Doctrine: United States v. Aldman

Civil procedure
Privileged communication
Robert C. Byrd High School

Robert C. Byrd High School is a public school in Clarksburg, West Virginia.

The school, which serves grades 9-12, is a part of Harrison County Schools.

The school serves a vast majority of the city of Clarksburg, West Virginia, along with the towns of Nutter Fort, West Virginia and Stonewood, West Virginia. It is one of six public high schools in Harrison County. The school opened in 1996 as a consolidation of Washington Irving High School, which is now Washington Irving Middle School, and Roosevelt-Wilson High School. The student enrollment (as of 2008-09) is 880. The principal is Steve Gibson. The school's colors are Royal Blue and Kelly Green, and their mascot is the eagle.

The school's namesake is U.S. Senator Robert Byrd, who served from 1959 to 2010.

All Rankings as of 2022
- 8,635th in National Rankings
- 49th in West Virginia High Schools
- 4th in Clarksburg, WV Metro Area High Schools
- 2nd in Harrison County Schools High Schools

References

https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/west-virginia/districts/harrison-county-schools/robert-c-byrd-high-school-21353#:~:text=School%202022%20Rankings-,Robert%20C.,8%2C635%20in%20the%20National%20Rankings.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byrd

Public high schools in West Virginia
Schools in Harrison County, West Virginia
Nitrate test

A nitrate test is a chemical test used to determine the presence of nitrate ion in solution. Testing for the presence of nitrate via wet chemistry is generally difficult compared with testing for other anions, as almost all nitrates are soluble in water. In contrast, many common ions give insoluble salts, e.g. halides precipitate with silver, and sulfate precipitate with barium.

The nitrate anion is an oxidizer, and many tests for the nitrate anion are based on this property. However, other oxidants present in the analyte may interfere and give erroneous results.

Nitrate can also be detected by first reducing it to the more reactive nitrite ion and using one of many nitrite tests.

Brown ring test

A common nitrate test, known as the brown ring test can be performed by adding iron(II) sulfate to a solution of a nitrate, then slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid such that the acid forms a layer below the aqueous solution.  A brown ring will form at the junction of the two layers, indicating the presence of the nitrate ion.  Note that the presence of nitrite ions will interfere with this test.

The overall reaction is the reduction of the nitrate ion to nitric oxide by iron(II), which is oxidised to iron(III), followed by the formation of nitrosyl ferrous sulfate between the nitric oxide and the remaining iron(II), where nitric oxide is reduced to NO−.
2HNO3 + 3H2SO4 + 6FeSO4  → 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 4H2O
[Fe(H2O)6]SO4 + NO → [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4 + H2O

This test is sensitive up to 2.5 micrograms and a concentration of 1 in 25,000 parts.

Devarda's test

Devarda's alloy (Copper/Aluminium/Zinc) is a reducing agent. When reacted with nitrate in sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia is liberated. The ammonia formed may be detected by its characteristic odor, and by damp red litmus paper's turning blue, signalling that it is an alkali — very few gases other than ammonia evolved from wet chemistry are alkaline.

3  + 8 Al + 5  + 18  → 3  + 8 

Aluminium is the reducing agent in this reaction that will occur.

Diphenylamine test
Diphenylamine may be used as a wet chemical test for the presence of the nitrate ion. In this test, a solution of diphenylamine and ammonium chloride in sulfuric acid is used. In the presence of nitrates, diphenylamine is oxidized, giving a blue coloration. This reaction has been used to test for organic nitrates as well, and has found use in gunshot residue kits detecting nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose. When used to test for DNA, or  distinguish DNA from RNA, it is known as the Dische test or Dische reaction, after its inventor Zacharias Dische.

Copper turnings test
The nitrate ion can easily be identified by heating copper turnings along with concentrated sulfuric acid. Effervescence of a brown, pungent gas is observed which turns moist blue litmus paper red.

Here sulfuric acid reacts with the nitrate ion to form nitric acid. Nitric acid then reacts with the copper turnings to form nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is thus oxidised to nitrogen dioxide.

  + 4  →    + 2  +2

See also
Nitrite test

References

Chemical tests
Nitrite test

A nitrite test is a chemical test used to determine the presence of nitrite ion in solution.

Chemical methods

Using iron(II) sulfate
A simple nitrite test can be performed by adding 4 M sulfuric acid to the sample until acidic, and then adding 0.1 M iron(II) sulfate to the solution.  A positive test for nitrite is indicated by a dark brown solution, arising from the iron-nitric oxide complex ion. This test is related to the brown ring test for the nitrate ion, which forms the same complex in a ring. In contrast, nitrites turn the whole solution brown and therefore interfere with that test.

Griess test

A common method of quantitative nitrite detection is the Griess test, which relies on the reaction of nitrite with the two components of a Griess reagent to form a red azo dye. This allows the concentration of nitrite to be determined by UV-vis spectroscopy.

Urinary nitrite test
A nitrite test is a standard component of a urinary test strip. A positive test for nitrites in the urine is called nitrituria.

This test is commonly used in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs).  A positive nitrite test indicates that the cause of the UTI is a Gram-negative organism, most commonly Escherichia coli.  The reason for nitrites' existence in the presence of a UTI is due to a bacterial conversion of endogenous nitrates to nitrites.  This may be a sign of infection.  However, other parameters, such as leukocyte esterase, urine white blood cell count, and symptoms such as dysuria, urinary urgency, fevers, and chills must be correlated to diagnose an infection.

False-negative nitrite tests in urinary tract infections occur in cases with a low colony forming unit (CFU) count, or in recently voided or dilute urine.  In addition, a nitrite test does not detect organisms unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite, such as enterococci, staphylococci (Staphylococcus saprophyticus), Acinetobacter, or adenovirus.

See also
Nitrate test
Saliva testing; salivary nitrite levels can serve as a surrogate biomarker for nitric oxide, a natural cardioprotective factor, derived from nitrate-rich leafy green vegetables which are often found in anti-hypertensive diets, such as the DASH diet

References

 

Chemical tests

pl:Próba obrączkowa
HMNZS Endeavour

HMNZS Endeavour may refer to one of the following ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy named in honour of Captain Cook's Bark Endeavour.

 , served as the Antarctic support vessel from 1956 to 1962
 , served as the Antarctic support vessel from 1962 to 1971
 , the fleet tanker from 1988 to 2017

See also
 Endeavour (disambiguation)

Royal New Zealand Navy ship names
Marian Stafford

Marian Stafford (February 7, 1931 – August 16, 1984) was an American actress and model. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the March 1956 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Ruth Sondak, and was the first to consist of three pages.

In addition to posing for other men's magazines in the decade, Stafford became a popular personality during the so-called Golden Age of Television. She was a regular on game shows such as Treasure Hunt and The $64,000 Question. She was crowned Miss Color TV of 1956 by NBC.

Stafford died on August 16, 1984, at the age of 53.  She was survived by her husband, television writer and producer, Robert Foshko.

References

External links

1931 births
1984 deaths
1950s Playboy Playmates
20th-century American actresses
Treaty of Benevento

The Treaty of Benevento or Concordat of Benevento (18 June 1156) was an important treaty between the papacy of Adrian IV and the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. After years of turbulent relations, the popes finally settled down to a peace with the Hauteville kings.

In 1156, events transpired to leave the pope alone in opposition to the Normans. The army of Michael Palaeologus had been annihilated, the army of Frederick Barbarossa had returned to Germany, and the internal rebels against royal authority in Apulia, men like Robert II of Capua or Richard II of Aquila, had either reconciled or been imprisoned. In short, the pope had no support to continue hostilities. He was also barred from Rome by the populace. He was staying at Benevento, which had been papal territory for over a century. The Sicilian army approached Benevento and the pope was forced to make terms.

The papal chancellor, Roland of Siena, later Pope Alexander III, and the Roman nobleman Oddone Frangipane were sent to negotiate. William of Tyre suggests that the city was besieged, but eyewitnesses contradict him. King William I of Sicily sent his own ammiratus ammiratorum, Maio of Bari, and his two primatial ecclesiastics, Hugh of Palermo and Romuald of Salerno. Starting with the upper hand, the Sicilian envoys finalised a deal on 18 June. This deal was the Treaty of Benevento.

One of the chief authors of the treaty as it stands was a young notary named Matthew of Ajello, later of much fame in Sicily. The kingship of William was recognised over all Sicily, Apulia, Calabria, and Campania, as well as Capua, the coastal cities of Amalfi, Naples, and Gaeta, and the newly conquered territories in Central Italy: Marche and the Abruzzi, which Roger and Alfonso, William's elder brothers, had claimed before. The tribute to the pope of 600 schifati agreed upon by Roger II in 1139 at Mignano was affirmed and another 400 schifati was added for Marsi.

The pope's right to send legates into the peninsular realm was accepted, but the legateship of the king in Sicily was affirmed and the pope had to resign much claimed authority over the island. In the church of S. Marciano, William was invested by the pope with first Sicily, then Apulia, and finally Capua. He received the Kiss of Peace and bestowed on the pope gifts of gold and silver.

The original manuscript of the treaty is in the Vatican Apostolic Archive.

See also
List of treaties

References

Sources

Benevento
1156 in Europe
Benevento
Treaties of the Kingdom of Sicily
12th century in the Papal States
12th century in the Kingdom of Sicily
A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol

A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol is an isometric shoot 'em up developed by Japanese studio Opus and published by SETA for the SNES.

Gameplay 

For the gameplay, it's similar to Strike. The game is based somewhat upon the Gulf War. As a pilot in the Air Strike Patrol, the player's aim is to stop Zarak (Iraq) from invading Sweit (Kuwait). The player gains points for judgement in managing resources, attack power and political sensitivity. The total of these determines which text is displayed when the game is finished. The dogfights make the game more diverse and the cheat options, e.g. ability to destroy buildings with the chain gun, give variety. There are various optional targets to destroy on the open map, but if you take too long, you fail the mission.

Development and release

Reception 

A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol was generally well received by critics and reviewers alike since its release.

Notes

References

External links 
 A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol at GameFAQs
 A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol at Giant Bomb
 A.S.P. Air Strike Patrol at MobyGames

1994 video games
Gulf War video games
Scrolling shooters
SETA Corporation games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games
System 3 (company) games
Lord Sidney Beauclerk

Lord Sidney Beauclerk  (27 February 170323 November 1744) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1733 to 1744. He acquired a reputation as a fortune hunter.

Early life
Beauclerk was the fifth son of the 1st Duke of St Albans and his wife Lady Diana de Vere, daughter and heiress of Aubrey de Vere, 20th and last Earl of Oxford. He was a grandson of King Charles II and Nell Gwyn.  In 1718 he was at Eton College. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1721 and was awarded MA in 1727 and DCL in 1733. He sought fortunes by paying court to elderly ladies and he was described in 1727  as 'Nell Gwyn in person, with the sex altered'. On 9 December 1736, he married Mary Norris, daughter and heiress of Thomas Norris, MP of Speke, Lancashire. His fortune-hunting eventually brought dividend in 1737 when he was bequeathed the Windsor estates of Richard Topham located in and around Old Windsor.

Career
Beauclerk stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in a contest at Marlow at a by-election in 1732 on the interest of Edmund Waller. He was returned as Member of Parliament for Windsor at a by-election on 16 May 1733,joining his brother Lord Vere Beauclerk. He was returned unopposed at the 1734 British general election. In March 1739, he presented to Parliament the Georgia Society's petition for a grant, and he was elected at his own request to the common council of the Society. He was active until 1740, when his attendance fell off. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1740, and was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household later that year, being returned again at the consequential by-election. He was returned again at Windsor at the 1741 British general election, but lost his place at Court on the fall of Walpole in 1742.

Death and legacy
Beauclerk died on 23 November 1744, leaving an only son, Topham Beauclerk who was a friend of Samuel Johnson. He married Diana, Viscountess Bolingbroke and St John (née Spencer) and lived at Speke Hall. They have many surviving descendants among whom are the present Marquises de Valero de Urría.

References

External links
 The House of Nell Gwyn: Fortunes of the Beauclerk Family, Donald Adamson (William Kimber, Ldn 1974)
 Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England

1703 births
1744 deaths
Sidney
Younger sons of dukes
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
People from Old Windsor
Politicians from Windsor, Berkshire
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
Circle Drive Bridge

Circle Drive Bridge spans the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.  It is a steel girder bridge, built in 1983 as part of the Circle Drive freeway system in northeast Saskatoon. At the time of construction, it cost $11.8 million to build. Between its opening in 1983 and the opening of the Chief Mistawasis Bridge in 2018, it was the northernmost vehicular river crossing in the city.

As with other bridges in the city, locals use several different names for this bridge. During construction there was an unsuccessful campaign to have it named after recently deceased former Prime Minister John Diefenbaker (despite the politician already having a road, a park, a museum and a memorialized street corner named after him). Longtime Saskatonians also refer to it as the 42nd Street Bridge, a reference to a former name of the northern east–west leg of Circle Drive dating back to the 1960s; this name was also commonly applied to the bridge in media coverage and city council references to its planning and construction dating back to the early 1960s. For a brief time in the mid-2010s, it was referred to informally as the Circle Drive North Bridge to differentiate it from the formally-named Circle Drive South Bridge constructed at the opposite end of the city, until the latter bridge was officially renamed the Gordie Howe Bridge.

The Circle Drive Bridge is a twin-span bridge; it was designed so that more lanes could be added by filling in the centre. Early published plans for the bridge called for the addition of an observation deck/interpretive centre to the underside of the bridge at that point. However, rather than widening the bridge by filling in the centre gap, it was deemed to be more cost effective to convert the outside pedestrian walkways into driving lanes. In 2006, construction started on adding a third outside lane in both directions to increase capacity and ease congestion during peak traffic times.  The lane additions were completed in 2007. A new pedestrian walkway was built below and between the two bridge structures, and opened in July 2007. The walkway was dedicated as the Stew Uzelman Pedway on October 31, 2009.

The bridge was the scene of a notable accident on 30 December 2013, when Breanna Pegg lost control of her car after hitting ice on the bridge. Her car went over built-up snow along the guard rail, which launched the vehicle up and over the side of the bridge. It crashed onto the frozen river below and started to sink through the broken ice. Pegg escaped the vehicle by kicking out the windshield, standing on top of the car and swimming to a nearby sheet of ice. She then pulled herself onto the ice before being assisted by police and a bystander. As a result of the accident, the city changed its policy regarding snow removal from bridges. The city was sued by Saskatchewan Government Insurance for the cost of the vehicle and its salvage.

See also 

 List of crossings of the South Saskatchewan River
 List of bridges in Canada
 List of bridges
 Gordie Howe Bridge (Saskatoon)

References

Bridges completed in 1983
Bridges in Saskatoon
Road bridges in Saskatchewan
Suraj Bhan

Suraj Bhan (1 October 1928 – 6 August 2006) was a former Governor, Member of Parliament and an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party.

Personal life 
Suraj Bhan Banswal was born on 1 October 1928 at Mehlanwali, Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana into Chamar community and studied MA and LLB at Panjab University and Kurukshetra University.

He started his public life as a volunteer of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. His son Arun Kumar is also associated with BJP and been in-charge in various municipal corp. elections in Hayana.

Political career
He started his political career with Bharatiya Jana Sangh which eventually became the Bharatiya Janata Party and dropped his last name "Banswal" after joining active politics.
He represented the Ambala parliamentary constituency of Haryana in the 4th (1967–1970), 6th (1977–1979), 7th (1979–1984) and the 11th Lok Sabhas (1996–1997).
In 1987, he was elected to Haryana Legislative Assembly and served as Revenue Minister in Devi Lal's govt. (1987-1989). After the BJP broke alliance with Devi Lal's party, he served as Leader of Opposition in the Haryana Assembly (1989–1990).
He was appointed as Haryana State President of Bharatiya Janata Party in 1984.
In 1996, he held the portfolio of Agriculture Minister under First Vajpayee Ministry after which he served as Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (1996-1997).
He lost in 1998 Lok Sabha elections, but was appointed as the Governor of Uttar Pradesh (1998-2000), Himachal Pradesh (2000-2003), and then as Governor of Bihar (1999).
In 2002 Dr Suraj Bhan also joined the race for the post of Vice-President of India following re-thinking in the BJP over the candidature of former Rajasthan Chief Minister, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat.
In Feb. 2004, he was appointed as the National Chairman of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission.

He died of cardiac arrest following multiple organ failure on 6 August 2006 in New Delhi at the age of 77.

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060101023238/http://www.upgovernor.nic.in/bhanbio.htm

Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana
Governors of Himachal Pradesh
Governors of Uttar Pradesh
1928 births
2006 deaths
Janata Party politicians
People from Yamunanagar district
Deputy Speakers of the Lok Sabha
Kurukshetra University alumni
India MPs 1967–1970
India MPs 1977–1979
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1996–1997
Agriculture Ministers of India
Chairmans of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Lok Sabha members from Haryana
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
State cabinet ministers of Haryana
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
List of highways numbered 110

Route 110 or Highway 110 can refer to multiple roads:

Australia
  Nepean Highway
  Bellarine Highway

Bangladesh

Brazil
 BR-110

Canada
  Manitoba Highway 110
  New Brunswick Route 110
  Prince Edward Island Route 110

China
  China National Highway 110

Costa Rica
 National Route 110

Croatia
  D110 road (Croatia)

France
 A110 autoroute (Under Planning)

India

Ireland
 R110 road (Ireland)

Korea, South
 Second Gyeongin Expressway

Malaysia
Jalan Kota Baharu (Perak Route A110)
Jalan Peradin (Johor Route J110)

Netherlands
 S110 (Amsterdam)

Pakistan
 N-110 National Highway

Philippines
 N110 highway (Philippines)

Spain
  N-110 road (Spain)

Turkey
 State road D110 (Turkey)

United States
 Interstate 110 (California)
 Interstate 110 (California 1958–1968) (former)
 Interstate 110 (Florida)
 Interstate 110 (Louisiana)
 Interstate 110 (Mississippi)
 Interstate 110 (Texas)
 U.S. Route 110 (former)
 U.S. Route 110 (Indiana–Michigan) (former proposal)
 Alabama State Route 110
 Arkansas Highway 110
 California State Route 110
 Colorado State Highway 110
 Connecticut Route 110
 County Road 110 (Duval County, Florida)
 Georgia State Route 110
 Illinois Route 110
 Illinois Route 110 (1923) (former)
 Illinois Route 110 (1940s) (former)
 Indiana State Road 110
 Iowa Highway 110
 K-110 (Kansas highway)
 Kentucky Route 110
 Louisiana Highway 110
 Maine State Route 110
 Maryland Route 110 (former)
 Massachusetts Route 110
 M-110 (Michigan highway) (former)
 Minnesota State Highway 110 (former)
 Missouri Route 110
 Missouri Route 110 (CKC)
 Nebraska Highway 110
  New Hampshire Route 110
  New Hampshire Route 110A
  New Hampshire Route 110B
 County Route 110 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
 County Route S110 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
 New Mexico State Road 110
 New York State Route 110
 County Route 110 (Dutchess County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Fulton County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Nassau County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Niagara County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Rockland County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Saratoga County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Seneca County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Suffolk County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Tompkins County, New York)
 County Route 110 (Wayne County, New York)
 North Carolina Highway 110
 Ohio State Route 110
 Oklahoma State Highway 110
 Pennsylvania Route 110
 Rhode Island Route 110
 South Carolina Highway 110
 Tennessee State Route 110
 Texas State Highway 110
 Texas State Highway Loop 110
 Farm to Market Road 110
 Utah State Route 110
 Vermont Route 110
 Virginia State Route 110
 Virginia State Route 110 (1928-1933) (former)
 Virginia State Route 110 (1933-1946) (former)
 Virginia State Route 110 (1947-1956) (former)
 Washington State Route 110
 Washington State Route 110 (1967) (former)
 Wisconsin Highway 110
 Wyoming Highway 110

Territories
 Puerto Rico Highway 110
 Puerto Rico Highway 110R (former)

See also
A110
B110
D110 road
P110
Geoff Wilson (professor)

Geoffrey Victor Herbert Wilson  (23 September 1938 – 9 January 2020) was an internationally distinguished nuclear physicist who made contributions to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and low temperature physics. His research team achieved the lowest temperature ever recorded in Australia. He was born in Mentone, Victoria.

He was National President of the Australian Institute of Physics and held appointments as Chair of the Victorian and Queensland Vice-Chancellors’ Committees, Vice President and Acting President of the Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee. He has been Chair of the Boards of Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre, Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre and the Graduate Careers Council of Australia.

Wilson had a distinguished career as a physicist with more than 100 published papers in international scientific journals. He was a member of the Australian College of Educators and a director of the Australian Institute of Management.

After retiring from Deakin University he carried out extensive consulting including the development of drafts of the new National Protocols on Higher Education Processes and was a member of the Cooperative Research Centres Committee. He chaired the Board of AMCSearch. Deakin University awards the Geoff Wilson Medal "to celebrate the career of Professor Geoffrey Victor Herbert Wilson AM".

Wilson died on 9 January 2020 in Geelong, Victoria at the age of 81.

Appointments
 Vice-Chancellor and President of Deakin University, 1996–2002.
 Vice-President, Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, 1996–1997, a member of the Board of Directors, 1994–1999 and Chair of the Standing Committee on Research.
 Vice-Chancellor of Central Queensland University, 1991–1996.
 Member of the Australian Research Council, 1988–1991, Deputy Chair of the Council, 1989–1990, and held the inaugural chair of the Council's Research Grants Committee.
 Inaugural Rector of the University College of the UNSW at the Australian Defence Force Academy.

He held appointments at Monash and Oxford universities and the Free University of Berlin.

Awards
Wilson made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours. He was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001 for "For service to tertiary education and academic achievement in the field of physics".

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Australian physicists
Australian nuclear physicists
Academic staff of Deakin University
Academic staff of Central Queensland University
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
University of Melbourne alumni
Monash University alumni
Members of the Order of Australia
People from Mentone, Victoria
Scientists from Melbourne
Kosova Press

Kosova Press is a news agency headquartered in Pristina, Kosovo, which was established on January 4, 1999. Since that time, it has published information in these languages: Albanian, English, German, and French. It currently publishes in Albanian and English.

During the provisional stage under the international protectorate and due to the current political status of Kosovo, Kosova Press transformed into an independent news agency. Today, it has the status of an independent and free media house. It has mutually beneficial relations with many news agencies in the region and a network of correspondents. It is a member of SEEMO, ABNA, and the Association of Private News Agencies. [citation needed]

Services
The new site offers sections on economy, sport, theater, culture, art, and the photo service.

Articles include the latest from Kosovo, themes about events in and about Kosovo, interviews, news from culture, and different diplomatic activities in and about Kosovo.

The site's photo gallery includes photos from everyday life and major events in the country, as well as a limited number of photos from the archive.

References

News agencies based in Kosovo
Photo agencies
Anwar Pervez

Mohammed Anwar Pervez OBE, HPk (; born 15 March 1935) is a Pakistani-born British billionaire businessman and former bus conductor and driver. He is the founder and chairman of Bestway Group.

According to the Sunday Times Rich List, in 2020 Anwar Pervez's net worth was £3.1 billion; which made him the richest Pakistan-born Briton in the UK. The 2021 list gave his family's assets as £1.364 billion, placing them 125th on the list.

Early life
Mohammed Anwar Pervez was born on 15 March 1935 to a subsistence farming family in Rawalpindi, then under British rule. He did his matriculation in Pakistan. He studied at Forman Christian College. In 1951, he moved to the UK at the age of 16.

Career
His first job was as a telephone operator in the state-owned telecommunication company PTCL. There he used to work for  a month and most of them were spent on anti-malaria medications.

In 1951, he emigrated to England. There he became a bus conductor and driver in Bradford. He worked seven days a week on double shifts for about - a week.

In 1963, he established his first convenience store, Kashmir, in London's Earls Court for the Muslim community. By the early seventies, he had changed the company's name to Bestway and was operating ten convenience stores in and around West London, mostly serving Asians, and specialised in Asian food.

In 1976, Pervez opened Bestway's first wholesale warehouse in Acton, West London. The company has since grown to a multibillion-pound enterprise, and  Bestway is the second-largest independent wholesaler in the UK. In 2014, his group bought 774 pharmacies from The Co-operative Group for £620 million.

Personal life
He was married to second wife Sabiha Qasim with whom he had four children. A son from his first marriage and another from his second are directors of Bestway.

In 2012, their daughter Farah married Syed Abid Hussain Imam, the son of Pakistani politicians Abida Hussain and Fakhar Imam. She lives in Lahore and is not involved in Bestway.

Honours
Pervez was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1992 and a Knight Bachelor in 1999.

In March 2000, he was awarded Hilal-i-Pakistan by the Pakistani Government for his services to Pakistan.

See also
List of British Pakistanis

References

External links
Bestway

1935 births
Living people
Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom
British people of Pakistani descent
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Knights Bachelor
People from Gujar Khan
British billionaires
Pakistani billionaires
Pakistani industrialists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British businesspeople of Pakistani descent
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Conservative Party (UK) donors
Bus drivers
Recipients of Hilal-i-Pakistan
British people of Punjabi descent
20th-century British businesspeople
21st-century British businesspeople
American Family Insurance Amphitheater

The American Family Insurance Amphitheater (formerly known as the Marcus Amphitheater) is an amphitheater on the south end of the Henry Maier Festival Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The amphitheater serves as the venue for headlining acts performing at Summerfest. It also plays host to a variety of concerts and events during the spring, summer and fall.

History 
The Marcus Amphitheater was built after an extremely overcrowded Huey Lewis and the News concert in 1984, which drew 30,000 fans to a space suited for 15,000. The amphitheatre has a capacity of 23,000 (9,200 seats under pavilion, 7,000 reserved seats on lawn and 6,800 general admission seats). It was completed in 1987, with the principal contribution from the Marcus Corporation.

In September 2018, demolition began on the original Marcus Amphitheater which would be replaced with a new $50 million American Family Insurance Amphitheater.

See also 
 Summerfest
 Henry Maier Festival Park
 List of contemporary amphitheatres

References

External links 
 Official website

Amphitheaters in the United States
Theatres in Milwaukee
Music venues in Wisconsin
Henry Maier Festival Park
2 (Erkin Koray album)

2 or  Erkin Koray 2 is the third studio album by Turkish rock musician Erkin Koray. Stylistically, this album leans more towards traditional Turkish music styles.

Track listing

References

1976 albums
Erkin Koray albums
Hands Down (song)

"Hands Down" is a song by Dashboard Confessional that was originally recorded for the acoustic So Impossible EP in 2001, which told the story of a date that Chris Carrabba had in his late teens/early twenties. It was later re-recorded and released as the lead single for the LP A Mark, a Mission, a Brand, a Scar in 2003 with a full band. Carrabba has said that this song is about the best day and date that he's ever had, and introduces it as such at concerts. "Hands Down" was released to radio on July 15, 2003.

Track listing
UK Maxi Single
"Hands Down" 3:07
"I Do" 3:12
"Saints and Sailors" (MTV Unplugged Version) 2:33
"Hands Down" (Video CD-ROM)

Chart performance

References

2003 singles
Songs written by Chris Carrabba
2003 songs
Dashboard Confessional songs
Vagrant Records singles
Maru-a-Pula School

Maru-a-Pula School is a co-educational, independent day and boarding secondary school in Gaborone, Botswana. It was founded in 1972.

The school prepares students for the Cambridge International General Certificate of Education (IGCSE), Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced (A) Level examinations. It is ranked the top secondary school in Botswana and offers rigorous preparation for the Cambridge IGCSE, AS and A-Level examinations. Students from Maru-a-pula have received the Cambridge “Top in the World” awards for their outstanding performance in IGCSE and A-Level exams with 64 graduates currently studying at the world’s top 100 ranked universities

References

External links

 

Educational institutions established in 1972
Secondary schools in Gaborone
International schools in Gaborone
Schools in Botswana
Protoclepsydrops

Protoclepsydrops is an extinct genus of early synapsids, found in Joggins, Nova Scotia. The name means 'first Clepsydrops''', and refers to it being the predecessor of the other early synapsid Clepsydrops.

Description
Like Archaeothyris, Protoclepsydrops resembled a modern lizard in superficial appearance. However, Protoclepsydrops had primitive vertebrae with tiny neural processes typical of their amniote ancestors. Protoclepsydrops is known from a few vertebrae and some humeri.

Classification
Its skeletal remains indicate that it may have been more closely related to synapsids than to sauropsids, making it a possible stem-mammal. If so, it is the oldest synapsid known, though its status is unconfirmed because its remains are too fragmentary. Protoclepsydrops lived slightly earlier than Archaeothyris.

See also

 List of pelycosaurs
 Evolution of mammals
 List of transitional fossils
 Carboniferous tetrapods
 Clepsydrops''

References

External links
 Ophiacodontids

Prehistoric synapsid genera
Carboniferous synapsids
Transitional fossils
Fossils of Canada
Fossil taxa described in 1964
Paleontology in Nova Scotia
Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
Taxa named by Robert L. Carroll
GATEPAC

GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles Para la Arquitectura Contemporánea) was a group of architects assembled during the Second Spanish Republic. Its most important members were: Josep Lluís Sert, Antoni Bonet Castellana, Josep Torres Clavé, José Manuel Aizpurúa, Fernando García Mercadal and Sixte Illescas.

The group was formed in the 1930s as a Spanish branch of C.I.A.M. The Eastern (Catalan) and founding section of the group, called GATCPAC (Grup d'Arquitectes i Tècnics Catalans per al Progrés de l'Arquitectura Contemporània) was much more successful than the Central or Northern sections, and carried out government contracts during the Second Republic.  GATCPAC also published the magazine A.C., or Actividad Contemporánea, which remains an important document for the history of Modern Movement in Spain.

Most, but not all GATEPAC members fought on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War.  Torres Clavé was killed in action.  Josep Lluís Sert went into exile in the United States, where he would teach at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.  Antoni Bonet established himself in Buenos Aires, Argentina.  Having been associated with the Second Republic, GATEPAC was taboo in Francoist Spain and reference to it was often censored until the 1950s, when their works were taken up by a new generation of Spanish modern architects like the Catalan Oriol Bohigas.

External links
«La arquitectura contemporánea en España», Cahiers d'Art, 1931, n.º 3, págs. 157-164  (in Spanish)
 «Gatepac y movimiento moderno». In Artehistoria.
 «A.C. La revista del GATEPAC (1931-1937) en el Museo Reina Sofía», Revista de Arte Logopress
 Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, «A.C. La revista del GATEPAC». Pamphlet from an exhibition 29 October 2008 – 5 January 2009
 Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid. Exposición «El GATEPAC y Fernando García Mercadal». Information and biographies in Spanish.
  «El GATCPAC (Grup d'Arquitectes i Tècnics per al Progrés de l'Arquitectura Contemporània) : de l'arquitectura a la revolució» (audio). l'Arxiu de la Paraula. Ateneu Barcelonès, 2014.

Architecture in Spain
Urban planning organizations
Bashi-bazouk (disambiguation)

A bashi-bazouk was an irregular soldier of the Ottoman army.

Bashi-bazouk may also refer to:

Bashi-Bazouk (Jean-Léon Gérôme), an 1869 painting
"Bashi-Bazouk", a song by Peter Gabriel from the single "Digging in the Dirt"
Layyah

Layyah (Saraiki and ), previously spelled as Leiah, is a city in the Pakistan. The city is headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil. It is the 72nd largest city by population in Pakistan.

The main languages spoken in the city include Saraiki, Punjabi, and Urdu.

Geography
It lies between 30–45 to 31–24 degree north latitudes and 70–44 to 71–50 degree east longitudes. The area consists of a semi-rectangular block of sandy land between the Indus River and the Chenab River in Sindh Sagar Doab. Layyah is situated at an average elevation of 143m above sea level. The total area covered by the district is 6,291 km2 with a width from east to west of 88 km and a length from north to south of 72 km.

History
The town was founded around 1550 by Kamal Khan Mirani, a descendant of Ghazi Khan Mirani who laid foundation of Dera Ghazi Khan. The region was part of Multan province of Mughal Empire. Around 1610, the town was taken from the Mirani rulers by the Jaskani Balochs, who held it until 1787. Abdun Nabi Sarai was appointed Governor by Timur Shah Durrani, but three years later it was included in the Governorship of Muhammad Khan Sadozai, who transferred his seat of Government to Mankera.

In 1794, Humayun Shah, the rival claimant to the throne of Kabul, was captured near Layyah and brought into the town, where his eyes were put out by order of Zaman Shah. Under the Sikh Government, the town once more became the centre of administration for the neighbouring tract, and after the British occupation in 1849, was for a time the headquarters of a Civil Administrative Division. This administrative status of Layyah was short-lived and the British reduced it to the level of Tehsil headquarters, making it a part of Dera Ismail Khan. In 1901, Layyah was transferred to the new District of Mianwali. Later on, it was made part of the Muzaffargarh District. In 1982, Layyah Tehsil was upgraded to District headquarters comprising three Tehsils: Layyah, Karor and Chaubara. The municipality was created in 1875.

See also
Mirani dynasty
Multan
Punjab

References

External links
Layyah Government
Layyah Online
District Courts of Layyah
A Brief History of Layyah
Layyah, Pakistan: Radical Islam Fills Void - video report by Global Post

Populated places in Layyah District
Pesquet's parrot

Pesquet's parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus), also known as the Dracula parrot or as the vulturine parrot (leading to easy confusion with Pyrilia vulturina from Brazil), is a member of the Old World parrot family Psittaculidae. It is the only member of its genus Psittrichas. It is endemic to hill and montane rainforest in New Guinea.

Description
Pesquet's parrot is a large parrot with a total length of approximately  and a weight of . Its plumage is black, with greyish scaling to the chest, and a red belly, uppertail coverts and wing-panels. The adult male has a red spot behind the eye, which is not seen in the adult female. Compared to most other parrots it appears unusually small-headed, in part due to the bare black facial skin and the relatively long, hooked bill. This rather vulture-like profile is the reason behind its alternative common name.

Behaviour
Pesquet's parrot is a highly specialised frugivore, feeding almost exclusively on a few species of figs. Flowers and nectar have also been reported. In parts of its range, it is seasonally nomadic in response to the availability of fruits. The bare part of the head is presumably an adaptation to avoid feather-matting from sticky fruits.

Little is known about its breeding habits in the wild.  Typically it lays two eggs in a nest in a large, hollow tree.

It is typically seen in pairs or groups up to 20 individuals. In flight, it alternates between rapid flapping and short glides.

Status
Its feathers are highly prized. This, combined with high prices in aviculture, has resulted in overhunting. Habitat loss also presents an ongoing problem. For these reasons, it is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Pesquet's parrot is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Gallery

References

 Collar, N. J. (1997). "Pesquet's Parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus)". P. 362 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. (1997). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. .
 Juniper, T. & Parr, M. (1998). A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex. .

External links 

 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Red Data Book

Pesquet's parrot
Birds of the New Guinea Highlands
Pesquet's parrot
Taxa named by René Lesson