alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Mark 24 nuclear bomb

The Mark 24 nuclear bomb was an American thermonuclear bomb design, based on the third American thermonuclear bomb test, Castle Yankee.  The Mark 24 bomb was tied as the largest weight and size nuclear bomb ever deployed by the United States, with the same size and weight as the Mark 17 nuclear bomb which used a very similar design concept but unenriched Lithium.

The Castle Yankee thermonuclear test was the first bomb to use enriched Lithium-6 isotope, up to perhaps 40% enrichment (the earlier Castle Bravo test had used the same enriched lithium combination but was not weaponised i.e. was not built as a deployable bomb).  The device tested was called the Runt II design; it was reportedly very similar to the Runt design tested in Castle Romeo, other than the enrichment level.

Castle Yankee had a demonstrated yield of 13.5 megatons.  The yield for the weaponized Mark 24 was predicted to be 10–15 megatons.

The EC24 bomb was a limited production run of the Castle Yankee test device, with 10 produced and stockpiled through 1954.  The EC24 was  and weighed . The EC24 was a purely free-fall bomb design.

Design
The production model Mark 24 nuclear bomb was  long, with a weight between .  It was in service between 1954 and 1956, with a total of 105 units produced.  The Mark 24 included a  parachute to slow its descent.

The bomb used manual in-flight insertion (IFI) that required a crewmember to crank a handle that was inserted into a hole in the nose of the bomb. This process inserted the weapon's pit into the implosion assembly.

Survivors
A Mark 24 casing is on display in the Castle Air Museum in Atwater, CA.

See also
 List of nuclear weapons
 Nuclear weapon design
 Teller-Ulam design
 Mark 17 nuclear bomb
 Castle Yankee

References

 Allbombs.html list of all US nuclear warheads at nuclearweaponarchive.org
 Chuck Hansen, U. S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History (Arlington: AeroFax, 1988)

Cold War aerial bombs of the United States
Nuclear bombs of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
D.M.Z. (Resurrection Band album)

D.M.Z. is the fifth full-length album by American Christian rock band Resurrection Band, released in 1982. It was the band's final release for Light Records.

Recording history 

The album begins with one of Resurrection Band's most popular songs, "Military Man",. D.M.Z. is a split personality, featuring either hard rock akin to Van Halen, or new wave-influenced mid-tempo numbers. However, long-time Resurrection Band fans consider Stu Heiss' opening 90-second feedback-drenched guitar solo to "White Noise" as one of the best moments in the band's history, and this song proved to be just as popular live.

Lyrically, the album focuses on individual stories of emotional disconnection and spiritual confusion, offering the Savior as the answer to both.  For the first time, the band directly addresses the concerns of high-school age listeners in "Area 312" and "The Prisoner", a trend that would continue on future releases. Big social issues addressed on the album focus this time around on war and its destructive effects as well as the un-Christian nature of the military itself, repeated several times in "Military Man", "Babylon" and "White Noise"—hence, the inspiration for the album title.

This album was re-released on CD in 2004 by Retroactive Records.

Track listing 

All songs written by Glenn Kaiser unless otherwise noted
 "Military Man" (G. Kaiser, Jon Trott, Stu Heiss, Jim Denton) – 3:38
 "Reluctance" – 2:11
 "Babylon" (G. Kaiser, Trott) – 2:33
 "I Need Your Love" – 3:22
 "Area 312" (Trott, Wendi Kaiser, Heiss, Denton) – 3:54
 "No Alibi" – 4:39
 "White Noise" - (Trott, Roy Montroy) – 3:41
 "Lonely Hearts" – 3:00
 "The Prisoner" – 2:54
 "So in Love with You" (G. Kaiser, Trott) – 3:38

Personnel

 Glenn Kaiser – vocals, guitars
 Wendi Kaiser – vocals
 Stu Heiss – guitars, keyboards
 Jim Denton – fretless bass, synthesizer, background vocals
 John Herrin – drums
 Steve Eisen – saxophone
 Resurrection Band – producer
 Roger Heiss – engineer
 Steve Hall – mastering
 MCA Whitney – mastering location
 Dick Randall – album cover concept and art
 Pat Peterson – photography
 Denise Omernick – photography
 Linda Dillon – photography
 JPUSA Graphics – other art and layout
Per album liner notes:

References 

Resurrection Band albums
1982 albums
Henry Holcombe Tucker

Henry Holcombe Tucker (May 10, 1819 – September 9, 1889) was the chancellor of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia from 1874 until his resignation in 1878.  Note that the head of the University was referred to as chancellor instead of president from 1860 until 1932.  Tucker was president of Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, from 1866 to 1871.

Early life
Tucker was born on May 10, 1819, near Camak, Georgia, the son of Germain Tucker (1794-1821) and his wife Frances Henrietta (née Holcombe). After the early death of Germain Tucker, his widow married a Mr. Hoff and spent many years in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, before returning to Georgia. Henry Holcombe Tucker's paternal grandfather, Isaiah Tucker, had been born in Amherst, Virginia, and was himself the grandson of Francis Tucker of St. George's, Bermuda, who had emigrated to, and married in, Virginia. The Tucker's of Bermuda are a prominent family in the British Overseas Territory, that date back to the 1616 appointment of Daniel Tucker as Governor of Bermuda, and the family included many other prominent Henry Tuckers. Henry Holcombe Tucker's maternal grandfather was the Reverend Henry Holcombe, D.D.

Henry Holcombe Tucker received a B.A. from the Columbian College at the George Washington University in 1838.

He married Mary C. West in 1848. She died less than a year later.

Henry Holcombe Tucker died in Atlanta on September 9, 1889, after falling from a window.

References

History of the University of Georgia by Thomas Walter Reed; Frontmatter and Chapter I: The Beginnings of the University, Thomas Walter Reed,  Imprint:  Athens, Georgia : University of Georgia, ca. 1949
From Ahmedunggar to Lavonia Presidents at the University of Georgia 1785-1997, University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library 
Kenneth K. Krakow, Georgia Place-names:Their History and Origins, p.232, 3rd Ed., 1975, Winship Press (Macon, Georgia)

1819 births
1889 deaths
Presidents of the University of Georgia
Presidents of Mercer University
People from Warren County, Georgia
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
New York State Route 438

New York State Route 438 (NY 438) is a north–south state highway located entirely in Erie County, New York, in the United States. Though signed as north–south, the route runs in an almost east–west direction for  between Gowanda and Irving through the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with U.S. Route 62 (US 62) and NY 39 in Gowanda. Its northern terminus is at a junction with US 20 and NY 5 in Irving. The route was assigned in the mid-1940s. Although it is signed as a state route, the state does not maintain any of the route.

Route description

NY 438 begins at an intersection with US 62 and NY 39 in northern Gowanda. The route heads north, inheriting the Buffalo Street moniker from US 62 and NY 39, which turn east at NY 438's southern terminus. Outside of the village in Collins, the route becomes Four Mile Level Road as it curves westward into the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation. As its name implies, the route traverses relatively level terrain for a stretch of roughly  as it parallels the northern bank of Cattaraugus Creek to the northwest and west. During this stretch, NY 438 intersects both Versailles–Plank Road and Brant Road (southern terminus of County Route 9 or CR 9) and crosses over the narrow Clear Creek.

As it approaches Irving, NY 438 becomes Irving–Gowanda Road, named for the communities at each terminus. The route heads northwest across undeveloped but level terrain, crossing over the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) without connecting to the highway. NY 438 comes to an end shortly afterward at a junction with US 20 and NY 5 northeast of Irving in the town of Brant. Access to the Thruway is made via exit 58, located a mile (1.6 km) to the southwest on US 20 and NY 5 in Irving, a hamlet in the adjacent Chautauqua County town of Hanover.

Unlike most state routes, NY 438 is entirely locally maintained. The Seneca Nation of Indians, the tribe with jurisdiction over the Cattaraugus Reservation, maintains all of the road on the reservation (which is all of the road except the southernmost , which lies outside the reservation bounds). From the reservation line southward, maintenance of the short stretch of road is divided among three municipalities: Erie County maintains , followed by  of road maintained by the town of Collins. The southernmost  of the route is within the village of Gowanda and is maintained by the village.

History
NY 438 was assigned to the entirety of its current alignment in the mid-1940s. The bridge carrying NY 438 over the New York State Thruway,  in length, was constructed in 1958. Farther east, the  bridge over Clear Creek was originally built in 1935 and reconstructed in 1992.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

438
Transportation in Erie County, New York
Self-levelling

Self-levelling may refer to:

Self-levelling suspension
Self-leveling paint
Self compacting concrete
Self-leveling compound
Rayososaurus

Rayososaurus is a genus of plant-eating sauropod dinosaur of the superfamily Diplodocoidea. It was found in the Candeleros Formation, but was named Rayososaurus after the Rayoso Member, which later has been elevated to the older Rayoso Formation. The formations are located in the Neuquén Basin of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Rayososaurus lived during the Cenomanian epoch of the Late Cretaceous, about 99 to 96 million years ago.  The type species is R. agrioensis, named by Argentinian paleontologist José Bonaparte in 1996. The species epithet agrioensis refers to the Agrio del Medio locality.

Description 
Rayososaurus is extremely similar to Rebbachisaurus and there is some debate as to whether Rayososaurus is indeed a separate genus. However, morphological and temporal differences tend to support the distinction. Fossil finds include the holotype, MACN-N 41, a scapula, femur and part of fibula, and the paratype (Rayososaurus sp.), one broken dorsal vertebra and four broken caudal vertebrae. The racket-shaped scapula is characteristic of the Rebbachisauridae.

Phylogeny

References 

Rebbachisaurids
Cenomanian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Candeleros Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1996
Taxa named by José Bonaparte
CD72

CD72 (Cluster of Differentiation 72), also known in murine biology as Lyb-2, is a protein active in the immune system of animals.  It consists of two identical halves, each of about 39-43 kD, and is a C-type lectin.  Its primarily locus of expression is B-cells (from the pro-B through the mature B-cell stage), where it appears to mediate aspects of B-cell - T-cell interaction.  It is a ligand for CD5.

CD72 is a regulatory protein on B lymphocytes. The cytoplasmic tail of CD72 contains two potential immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, one of which has been shown to recruit the tyrosine phosphatase SHP- 1. These features suggest a negative regulatory role for CD72. CD72 is a nonredundant regulator of B-cell development and a negative regulator of B-cell responsiveness.

See also 
 Cluster of differentiation

References

External links 
Dr. Jane Parnes lab at Stanford University

Clusters of differentiation
Hell Scroll (Nara National Museum)

is a scroll depicting seven out of the sixteen lesser hells presented in Kisekyō ("Sutra of the World Arising"). Six of the paintings are accompanied by text, which all begin with the phrase "There is yet another hell", following a description of what the sinners depicted did to end up in this particular hell.

The seven hells depicted are:
 the Hell of Excrement (: , ; : )
 the Hell of Measures (, ; )
 the Hell of the Iron Mortar (, ; )
 the Hell of the Flaming Rooster (, ; )
 the Hell of the Black Sand Cloud (, ; )
 the Hell of Pus and Blood (, ; )
 the Hell of Foxes and Wolves (, ; )

It is considered likely that the scroll corresponds to the Paintings of the Six Paths, commissioned by Emperor Goshirakawa in the 12th century. This handscroll was preserved in Daishō-in in Higashiokubo, Tokyo until the Meiji period, when it came into the hands of the Hara family of Kanagawa, later ending up in the possession of the Japanese government.

The whole scroll

See also
Naraka (Buddhism)
List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings)

External links

Tokyo National Museum's page on the scrolls, with pictures and descriptions of the individual paintings

References

Buddhist paintings
Naraka
National Treasures of Japan
Japanese paintings
Paintings in the Nara National Museum
12th-century manuscripts
12th-century paintings
Worser Bay

Worser Bay in Wellington, New Zealand is along the beach from Seatoun and over the hill from Miramar on the Miramar Peninsula. It has a calm sandy beach with a road running along the base of the Seatoun Heights hill. Houses run all along the hill side of the road, with only carparks and beach facilities opposite.

The beach is subject to the windy conditions of Wellington with gusty northerlies often changing to cold, consistent southerlies. The waters are calm as the beach is within the natural harbour and in summer it is a popular destination for families, much like the nearby Scorching Bay.

Named after James Heberley's frequent predictions of "worser" weather, the beach still has the original pilot's cottage that housed James and other pilots from 1866.

Features

The Worser Bay yacht club, scout hall and surf club buildings are located at the northern end of the beach.

The Worser Bay Boating Club was founded in 1926 and has become a leader in the New Zealand-specific Sunburst class dinghy yacht. There is also a strong emphasis on youth sailing in Optimist, P-Class and Starling dinghies. Of late, 420s and Skiffs have become increasing popular. Along with a number of national champions, in 2002 Greg Wilcox won the World OK dinghy championships at Napier, New Zealand.

The Sea Scouts hall was built in 1967 on top of a wartime Mine Control Building, which has since been converted to hold the dinghy yachts and rowing boats. Numbers dwindled in the 1990s, but the Cub Scouts are currently enjoying a resurgence.

The Worser Bay Surf Lifesaving Club was founded in 1910, competing in the many surf lifesaving events around the country. While it lasted many years beyond that of the Scorching Bay Lifesaving Club, the numbers at Worser Bay dwindled until the 1990s when official functions at the club ceased (the complete lack of surf did not help). Near the end of the decade a windsurf school began using the facilities. This would seem to have stirred the club and it reopened as a lifesaving club in the 2000s, focusing on youth.

Demographics
Worser Bay is part of the Karaka Bay-Worser Bay statistical area.

Education

Worser Bay School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students, with a roll of  as of .

The school is situated at the top of the hill between Seatoun Heights and Miramar Heights. It celebrated its centenary in 1997. It is the site of an old Māori Pā, Whetukairangi (Star Gazer).

References

External links
Worser Bay School
Worser Bay Life Saving Club Website
Worser Bay Boating Club

Bays of the Wellington Region
Suburbs of Wellington City
Beaches of the Wellington Region
Copernican paradigm

Copernican paradigm is an analysis of Australian constitutional structures in order to develop models establishing Australia as a republic with a directly elected head of state. It is named for Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

Background
Although a constitutional monarchy, in practice, Australia has most of the essential features of a federal republic. The modern objectives of Australian republicanism are usually viewed in terms of replacing monarchist institutions, in particular the Governor-General, with republican institutions.

Analysis
The paradigm focuses on the King of Australia being the central institution of the Australian constitutional system. It is from this central authority, that the executive authority of the Governor-General and each state governor is legally derived.

Model development
Proponents of this analysis argue that their perspective on Australian constitutional structures allows republicans to develop constitutional models that are simpler and with substantively less disruption to parliamentary government. Such models would focus on replacing the Queen alone, retaining the Governor-General and state governors.

In replacing the Queen, a model based on the Copernican paradigm can accommodate a directly elected head of state without codification of the reserve powers, which currently may be exercised by the Governor-General and state governors.

Professor George Winterton, noting this as advantageous, added the paradigm retains the nationally unifying element of a joint state-federal Head of State.

Criticism
In the report of the 2004 Senate Inquiry republican models based on the Copernican paradigm were criticised as understating the amount of constitutional change required to establish a republic. Senators queried the potential for duplication and confusion over the ceremonial roles of the Australian head of state and the Governor-General.

Professor Winterton criticised the concept as "tricephalous" (three-headed) and potentially unstable. He argued a "locally-resident directly-elected public officer" was not readily comparable to a "hereditary absentee monarch" and a future Head of State would interfere with the exercise of the Governor-General's powers to some degree.

See also
 McGarvie Model
 Australian republicanism

References
 The road to a republic, Chapter 7, Report by the Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee's Inquiry into an Australian republic, August 2004.
 Copernican Republic Forum, Articles and forum about the Copernican Paradigm and related republican models.
 The Copernican Gazette, Issue 1, newsletter of the Copernican Group, April 2006.
 Proof Committee Hansard, Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee about one Copernican republic model, 13 April 2004.
 Democracy - choosing Australia's republic by Richard E. McGarvie, 1999. Discussion of republican models by a former Governor of Victoria.
 Hybrid Republic Model wiki for a Copernican model where the Crown of Australia is democratised, 4 February, 2017.
 Honorary President Model - a full implementation of the Copernican Paradigm examined by a Senate Committee in 2004.

Republicanism in Australia
Struthers

Struthers or Struther may refer to:

People 
Struther Arnott (1934–2013), Scottish molecular biologist and chemist, former Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of St Andrews
Betsy Struthers (born 1951), Canadian poet and novelist
Cyntha Struthers (born c. 1954), Canadian statistician
Jan Struther (1901–1953), pen name of English writer Joyce Anstruther, best known for her character Mrs. Miniver and a number of hymns
John Struthers (anatomist) (1823–1899), Professor of Anatomy at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland
John Struthers (poet) (1776–1853), Scottish poet and writer
J. P. Struthers (1865–1915), Scottish preacher, pastor and children's author
Karen Struthers (born 1963), Australian politician
Sally Struthers (born 1947), American actress and spokeswoman
Stan Struthers (born 1959), Canadian politician
Crispin Struthers, Oscar-nominated film editor
Nora Jane Struthers (born 1983), American singer-songwriter

Places 
Struthers, Ohio, a city
Struthers Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada

See also
Strother (disambiguation)
Strothers, a surname
AFL Victoria

AFL Victoria (formerly Football Victoria is the state-level sport governing body for Australian rules football in the state of Victoria, Australia. Under the organisation's jurisdiction fall 115 leagues — including the Victorian Football League, the Victorian Amateur Football Association, the Victorian Country Football League, and all local metropolitan and country leagues — and 1,942 clubs, (not including the state's ten Australian Football League clubs) as well as developmental, coaching, and umpiring bodies.

Football Victoria was formed in 1999 to replace the Victorian State Football League, which was formed in 1992 to fill the gap created in 1990 when the previous state governing body (the Victorian Football League) expanded its scope nationally to become the Australian Football League. AFL Victoria also took over the direct operation of the Victorian Metropolitan Football League, bringing its members under the direct control of AFL Victoria. In February 2007, Football Victoria officially changed its name to AFL Victoria as said in a statement: 
"Adopting the name of AFL Victoria will reinforce the organisation's own position and also boost the position of the AFL brand as AFL Victoria works and the AFL work together to expand the reach of football in the face of increasing competition." AFL Victoria News Item

See also

List of Australian rules football leagues in Australia
Australian rules football in Victoria, Australia

External links
 

Australian rules football governing bodies
Australian rules football in Victoria (state)
Sports governing bodies in Victoria (state)
Sports organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Australia
Organisations based in Melbourne
List of judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria


Judges who have served on the Supreme Court of Victoria , include :
 Chief Justices of Victoria
 Presidents of the Court of Appeal
 Judges of Appeal
 Judges
 Reserve judges

See also
 Judiciary of Australia
 Victorian Bar Association

Notes

External links
 Official Supreme Court of Victoria website

References

 
Victoria
Judges of the Supreme Court
Black Knight (pinball)

Black Knight is a 1980 pinball machine designed by Steve Ritchie (who also provides the Knight's voice) and released by Williams Electronics. Ritchie designed two sequels: Black Knight 2000, released by Williams in 1989, and Black Knight: Sword of Rage, released by Stern Pinball in 2019.

Description
This game is known for its two-level playfield (a first for a pinball game), and introduced the patented "Magna-Save", in which a player-controlled magnet is used to prevent outlane drains.  This was first of a series of four games that were both two-level and featured magna-save.  The later games (Jungle Lord, Pharaoh, Solar Fire, Grand Lizard) feature a variable type magna-save in that the magnet is energized as long as the player likes (up to the time they have earned); on Black Knight the machine controls the magnet time (adjustable by the operator from three to ten seconds).  Magna-save was activated by pressing one of two buttons placed on each side of the cabinet, just above the flipper buttons. The sequel to Black Knight abandoned the variable magna-save which had become standard at that point and reverted to a fixed time. Balls drained down the outlane in spite of using magna-save caused the machine to laugh at the player, reinforcing the theme of the game as an evil knight vs. the player.

Black Knight was not the first game to have electromagnets installed - an earlier example is Williams' Electronics Gorgar (the first "talking" pinball game), which features an area of the playfield that when hit, holds the ball on an electromagnet for a second or two while a speech call plays.

Other notable features of Black Knight are a loud  riding bell instead of the old familiar knock when a special (free game) was won, three ball multi-ball that did not require any previous targets to be hit before allowing balls to lock, and random score targets.

Design Team
Design: Steve Ritchie
Art: Tony Rumunni
Software: Larry DeMar
November 1980
Production: 13,075

Game quotes
"You cannot fight and win!"
"The Black Knight will slay you!"
"I challenge thee to fight me!"
"I cannot slay you, you win."
"Will you challenge the Black Knight again?"

Digital versions
Black Knight was formerly available as a licensed table in any version of The Pinball Arcade until June 30, 2018 - due to WMS license expiration. The table is also included in the Pinball Hall of Fame: The Williams Collection. Black Knight is ROM-emulated only in PC version, but in the rest of platforms this table is scripted, like in Pinball Hall Of Fame The Williams Collection (each platform). Unlicensed recreations of the game are available for Visual Pinball.

Black Knight 2000 was also released as a licensed table on The Pinball Arcade. This table features ROM emulation.

Both Black Knight (1980) and Black Knight 2000 had to be taken down just before June 30, 2018 - WMS license expiration date.

See also
Black Knight 2000
Medieval Madness

References

External links
IPDB listing for Black Knight
IPSND listing for Black Knight
Pinpedia listing for Black Knight

Williams pinball machines
1980 pinball machines
Romolo Valli

Romolo Valli (7 February 1925 – 1 February 1980) was an Italian actor.

Valli was born in Reggio Emilia. He was one of the best known Italian actors from the 1950s to his death. He worked for both the stage and the silver screen. Among the directors he collaborated with were Vittorio De Sica, Sergio Leone, Roman Polanski, Roger Vadim, and Luchino Visconti, who cast Valli in three feature films (Il Gattopardo, Morte a Venezia, Gruppo di famiglia in un interno) and the episode Il lavoro of Boccaccio '70. Valli died in a car accident, less than one week before his 55th birthday.

Theatre
 Così è (se vi pare) (1974)

Filmography

Policarpo ufficiale di scrittura (1959) - Commendator Egidio Marzi Laurenzi
The Great War (1959) - Tenente Gallina
Jovanka e le altre (1960) - Mirko
Call Girls of Rome (1960) - Il commissario
Il carro armato dell'8 settembre (1960)
La ragazza con la valigia (1961) - Don Pietro Introna
La viaccia (1961) - Dante
Un giorno da leoni (1961) - Edoardo
Boccaccio '70 (1962) - Lawyer Zacchi (segment "Il lavoro")
Senilità (1962) - Emilio Brentani (voice, uncredited)
Peccati d'estate (1962) - Carlino
Una storia milanese (1962) - Mr. Gessner
The Shortest Day (1962) - Il capitano
Il Gattopardo (1963) - Father Pirrone
Sweet and Sour (1963) - Signor X
I fuorilegge del matrimonio (1963) - Francesco
La vendetta della signora (1964) - Town Painter
La costanza della ragione (1964) - (uncredited)
E venne un uomo (1965) - The Intermediary (voice)
I complessi (1965) - Father Baldini (segment "Guglielmo il Dentone")
La Mandragola (1965) - Messer Nicia
Non stuzzicate la zanzara (1967) - Bartolomeo Santangelo padre di Rita
Il marito è mio e l'ammazzo quando mi pare (1968) - Butler
Boom! (1968) - Dr. Luilo
Barbarella (1968)
Scacco alla regina (1969) - Enrico Valdman
Il giardino dei Finzi Contini (1970) - Giorgio's Father
Morte a Venezia (1971) - Hotel Manager
Er Più – storia d'amore e di coltello (1971) - Il maresciallo
Giù la testa (1971) - Dr. Villega
Paulina 1880 (1972) - Farinata
What? (1972) - Giovanni
Silence the Witness (1974) - Il ministro
Gruppo di famiglia in un interno (1974) - Micheli
Nipoti miei diletti (1974) - Trèves
Novecento (1976) - Giovanni Berlinghieri
Un borghese piccolo piccolo (1977) - Dr. Spazioni
Un attimo, una vita (1977) - Uncle Luigi
The Devil's Advocate (1977) - Cardinal Marotta
Holocaust 2000 (1977) - Charrier
Chiaro di donna (1979) - Galba (final film role)

References

 Filmography: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0885123/?mode=desktop&ref_=m_ft_dsk#filmography* on February 16, 2015

External links

1925 births
1980 deaths
People from Reggio Emilia
Italian male film actors
Road incident deaths in Italy
Nastro d'Argento winners
20th-century Italian male actors
Italian male television actors
Gurunath Sengupta

Gurunath Sengupta (1848-1914) was a renowned Sanskrit scholar and poet. Born in Narail, in the district of Jessore, he achieved academic success by passing his triannual examinations from Kolkata Normal School in 1867. He earned the prestigious title of "Kaviratna," meaning "A gem among poets." Sengupta imparted his knowledge as a teacher at Ahiritola Bangabidyalay in Kolkata.

Throughout his life, Sengupta authored numerous works in Sanskrit and Bengali, encompassing a wide range of literary genres. His writings included volumes of poetry, commentaries, annotations, religious discourses, philosophical treatises, novels, and collections of essays. In the realm of Sanskrit literature, some of his notable works were "Satyadharma" (Eternal Religion), "Gunaratnam" (Virtues), "Satyamrta" (The Nectar of Truth), "Gunasutram" (Aphoristic Texts on Virtues), "Dharmajijvasa" (Religious Discourse), "Shhriramacharitam" (An Epic on Rama), "Shhrigaurabrttam" (Epic), "Baridutam" (The Rain Messenger), "Patnishatakam" (Verses on Wives), and "Shiksashatakam" (Verses on Education).

In Bengali literature, Sengupta's notable works included "Tattvajvan" (Philosophy), "Dampatidharmalap" (Religious Discourse of a Couple), "Adbhut Upakhyan" (A Strange Story), "Kamalini" (Epic), and "Subhadraharan" (Epic), which garnered admiration from readers.

Beyond his literary contributions, Gurunath Sengupta was also recognized as an advocate of spiritualism. Through years of rigorous ascetic practice and introspection, he attained enlightenment and propagated a new religious doctrine called "satyadharma" (eternal religion). This doctrine emphasized the elevation of the self through the practice of virtues, manifested in the worship of God.

Gurunath Sengupta's life and literary works left a lasting impact, highlighting his profound scholarship in Sanskrit and his pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.

References 

Bengali Hindu saints
Founders of new religious movements
Jashore District
Bengali writers
1848 births
1914 deaths
University of Calcutta alumni
Kumarapala

Kumarapala may refer to:

 Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty) (1143–1172 CE), a Solanki king from western India
 Kumarapala (Pala king) (c. 1130–1140 CE), a Pala king from eastern India
Gurunath Vidyanidhi

Gurunath Vidyanidhi (1862–1931) was a Sanskrit scholar who was born in Vikrampur in the Dhaka District of what later became Bangladesh. He was the author of a number of books used by Sanskrit scholars and researchers, including Mugdhavodh Vyakaran, Mitralabh, Amarkos, Sahitya Darpan and Chhando Manjari.

References
 

People from the Bengal Presidency
1862 births
1931 deaths
People from Bikrampur
People from British India
Chakara

A chakara (also Chaakara and in Malayalam ചാകര) is a peculiar marine phenomenon in which many fish and prawns throng together during a particular season as part of mud bank formations. The etymology relates to the local Malayalam language wording "chaavu+Kara" meaning to die+land/shore, symbolising the huge stock of caught fish that piles up during this season. The word meaning have nothing to do with any Sanskrit origin as some believe. This rare phenomenon is observed only along the coastal waters of the Indian state of Kerala, especially around the coast of Purakkad, Kodungallur and in South America, where it has proved to be a boon for the local fisherfolk.

A correct scientific explanation about the formation of a chakara is debatable. However, a strongly supported theory is that during the monsoons, the water level of the backwaters rises which facilitates the movement of fine clay particles into the sea through the subterranean channels. The accumulation of organic material by this process in relatively calm regions of the sea during the monsoons attracts fish.

This phenomenon is demonstrated in the Malayalam film Chemmeen. It is greeted, celebrated, and described in the song "Puththan Valakkare."

Palke
The same phenomenon in Tulu regions is known as Palke

References

External links
 Malayalam's Own Monsoon
 

Malayalam terms
Fishing in India
The Alibi

The Alibi is a 2006 American film directed by  Kurt Mattila and Matt Checkowski and written by Noah Hawley. It stars Steve Coogan, Rebecca Romijn, and Selma Blair. The film was shown at 2006 CineVegas. The film was released to DVD on December 5, 2006 under the title Lies and Alibis.

Plot
A man who runs an alibi agency, a service for adulterous husbands and wives that provides airtight alibis, runs into trouble with his latest client. In order to remedy the problem, he has to rely on a very enticing woman, his assistant and partner. The plot thickens when he switches identities with one of his clients for a weekend, and the client's girlfriend dies in an accident. With the police, an assassin, and a jealous ex-boyfriend to run from, he discovers that he will need all the ingenuity he can muster to survive.

Cast
 Steve Coogan as Ray Elliott
 Rebecca Romijn as Lola
 Selma Blair as Adelle
 James Brolin as Robert Hatch
 Sam Elliott as The Mormon
 Jaime King as Heather Price
 John Leguizamo as Hannibal
 James Marsden as Wendell Hatch
 Debi Mazar as Detective Bryce
 Henry Rollins as "Putty"
 Deborah Kara Unger as Dorothy
 Terry Crews as "Crazy Eight"
 Jarreth Merz as The Quiet Man

References

External links
 
 

2006 films
2006 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Destination Films films
Films with screenplays by Noah Hawley
Films scored by Alexandre Desplat
Summit Entertainment films
2006 directorial debut films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Kiss (South Korean group)

Kiss (Korea International Super Star, stylized as KISS) was a South Korean female pop trio. Their debut single "Because I'm a Girl" () was a 2001 hit.  The music video stars actress Goo Hye-Joo, and actor Shin Hyun-joon, which increased initial public interest in the song.  The song remained a karaoke staple in Korea for many years.

This helped to launch the career of Kiss, with an album quickly following. However, the group quickly disbanded afterwards, due to internal conflict that could not be resolved.

After the group's break-up, Umji became an actress and married, Jini returned to the States and continued her singing career.

"Because I'm a Girl" has been covered by numerous artists, including South Korean female duo 2NB and solo singer Ben.

The group reunited to perform their main hit "Because I'm a Girl" on June 21, 2016 through variety show Two Yoo Project Sugar Man (Episode 36). It was revealed on the show the reason for the group's breakup was surfacing of news that one of the members was dating, a matter that Korean label companies usually controls tightly on their talents.

Discography

Studio Album

References

Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Musical groups established in 2001
K-pop music groups
South Korean girl groups
2001 establishments in South Korea
2002 disestablishments in South Korea
Oklahoma's congressional districts

As of the 2010 census, there are five United States congressional districts in Oklahoma. It was one of the states that was able to keep the same number of congressional districts from the previous census (in the past, Oklahoma has had as many as nine House of Representatives seats). Following the 2018 elections, a Democratic challenger ousted a Republican incumbent, changing the congressional delegation to a 4-1 Republican majority. The Republicans regained the seat in 2020 when Stephanie Bice defeated Horn. Along with Vermont & Delaware, Oklahoma has never gained a congressional seat.

Current districts and representatives
List of members of the United States House delegation from Oklahoma, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 5 members, all 5 being members of the  Republican Party.

Historical and present district boundaries
Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Oklahoma, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Oklahoma between 1973 and 2013 are shown.

See also

 List of United States congressional districts
 Politics of Oklahoma
 Oklahoma Democratic Party
 Oklahoma Libertarian Party
 Oklahoma Republican Party

References

External links
 National Atlas of Oklahoma's Congressional Districts

Oklahoma Congressional Districts
List of academic institutions formerly affiliated to the University of Calcutta

The following is a list of academic institutions formerly affiliated to the University of Calcutta, in Kolkata, India:

Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal College
Armenian College
Barasat Government College
Bareilly College
Bengal Engineering College
Bengal Veterinary College
Bidhannagar College
Brajalal College
Calcutta National Medical College
Carmichael College, Rangpur
Chittagong College
Comilla Victoria College
Cotton College, Guwahati
Dhaka College
Govt. Azizul Haque College
Government College, Lahore
Hislop College, Nagpur
Holkar Science College, Indore
Thomason College of Civil Engineering
Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta
Kumudini College, Tangail
Medical College Calcutta
Midnapore College
Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College
Mohindra College, Patiala
Morris College, Nagpur
Murari Chand College, Sylhet
Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Government College, Kapurthala (1857-1882) 
Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital
Presidency College, Kolkata
R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital
Rajshahi College
Ravenshaw College, Cuttack
Royal College Colombo
St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Suri Vidyasagar College
Tripura Engineering College
Rangoon College

References 

 
formerly affiliated
National History Museum (Malaysia)

The National History Museum () was the second national museum in Malaysia after the National Museum. It was located opposite Dataran Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur. As of November 2007 it is closed and the entire collection has been moved to the National Museum.

National History Museum exhibited unique historical development of the homeland of the early days until now. There are almost a thousand gathered a collection based on its importance to the history of the country, and are classified into several categories such as: weapons, manuscripts, maps, money, seals and stone tools.

Gallery

See also
 List of museums in Malaysia

Literature

References

External links

 National History Museum

Museums in Kuala Lumpur
Four by the Beach Boys

Four by the Beach Boys (stylized as 4-By the Beach Boys) is the first EP by American rock band the Beach Boys, released September 1964 by Capitol Records. It consists of four selections from the album All Summer Long (June 1964). "Wendy" and "Little Honda" received enough airplay to enter the Billboard Hot 100. They peaked at #44 and #65, respectively.
Four remains their only EP released in the United States (discounting the Holland bonus EP Mount Vernon and Fairway).

Track listing
All tracks written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, except "Hushabye" by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman.

Side one
"Wendy" – 2:05
"Don't Back Down" – 2:00

Side two
"Little Honda" – 2:33
"Hushabye" – 1:53

References

The Beach Boys EPs
1964 EPs
Capitol Records EPs
Robert F. Rock

Robert F. Rock was appointed as interim chief of the Los Angeles Police Department from January 16, 1978, to March 28, 1978, between the administrations of Edward M. Davis and Daryl F. Gates

References

Chiefs of the Los Angeles Police Department
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Han-bin

Han-bin is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 23 hanja with the reading "han" and 25 hanja with the reading "bin" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. 

Notable people with this name include:
Lee Han-bin (born 1988), South Korean short track speed skater
Yoo Hanbin (born 1988), stage name Amadéus Leopold, South Korean violinist
Kim Han-bin (born 1991), South Korean football defender (K-League Challenge)
Yang Han-been (born 1991), South Korean football goalkeeper (K-League Classic)
B.I (rapper) (born Kim Han-bin, 1996), South Korean rapper, former member of boy band iKon
Park Han-bin (born 1997), South Korean football midfielder (K-League Challenge)
Hanbin (born Ngô Ngọc Hưng, 1998), Vietnamese singer, member of boy band Tempest

See also
List of Korean given names

References
Hanbin

Hanbin may refer to:
 
Hanbin District, a district in Ankang, Shaanxi, China
Hanbin Township, a township in Yining, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
Wang Hanbin (born 1925), Chinese Communist Party politician
He Hanbin (born 1986), Chinese badminton player
Hanbin Ng (born 1989), Singaporean basketball player
B.I (rapper) (Kim Han-bin; born 1996), South Korean rapper
Hanbin (Ngô Ngọc Hưng; born 1998), member of the South Korean boy group Tempest formed by Yuehua Entertainment

See also
Han-bin, a Korean given name, sometimes transliterated Hanbin
Fetal tissue implant

Fetal tissue implant or fetal cell therapy is an experimental medical therapy where researchers implant tissue from a fetus into a person as treatment of a disease. In the case of Parkinson's disease, it is hoped that the fetal tissue would produce chemicals, specifically dopamine, which is lacking in the diseased brain.  This therapy is also being investigated for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease.  Fetal tissue is unique since it is fast growing and has a lower possibility of rejection from the host's immune system than adult cells.

Uses
In 1982, seven people in Santa Clara County, California were diagnosed with Parkinsonism after having used MPPP contaminated with MPTP.  In 1992, two of the seven patients were successfully treated at Lund University Hospital in Sweden with neural grafts of fetal tissue.  One patient, who had been essentially paralyzed, regained enough motor function to ride a bicycle.

Ethical and political concerns

Because the source of the tissue is aborted fetuses, there are significant legal and ethical issues being discussed. Federal funding for embryonic tissue research was restricted in the United States under Presidents Reagan and Bush before being lifted under the Clinton administration.

See also
Stem cell
Induced stem cells

References

Experimental medical treatments
Institut national de l'audiovisuel

The  (abbrev. INA), () is a repository of all French radio and television audiovisual archives. Additionally it provides free access to archives of countries such as Afghanistan and Cambodia. It has its headquarters in Bry-sur-Marne.

Since 2006, it has allowed free online consultation on a website called ina.fr with a search tool indexing 100,000 archives of historical programs, for a total of 20,000 hours.

Recordings
In the 1980s, it issued a large number of recordings on the label France's Concert Records. In the 1990s it launched its own label INA mémoire  as the historical recording label of the Institut national de l'audiovisuel, and of the archives of Radio France.

History

The  was founded in 1975 by a law of 1974 with the purpose of  conserving archives of audiovisual materials, research relating to them and professional training.  In 1992, legal deposit was extended to television and radio, and the institute was to be the depository. This led to the establishment of the  in 1995, with the aim of conserving and making its holdings available to researchers and students. It was opened to the public in October 1998, at the . In 2002, legal deposit was extended to cable and satellite television and in 2005 to terrestrial digital television. From September 2006, the institute has been responsible for archiving 17 radio and 45 television services amounting to 300,000 hours per year.

Presidents

See also

Groupe de Recherches Musicales
François Bayle

References

External links

INA Official website - English-language link
Institut national de l'audiovisuel 
Official INA Arditube channel on YouTube
Official INA Chansons channel on YouTube
French radio and television archives on line (French)
Tales of a festival : remembering Cannes in sound and picture (English and French version)
Europe of cultures 50 years of artistic creation and cultural life from the 27 countries of the European Union (English and French version)
L’Institut national de l’audiovisuel: Free Content and Rights Licensing as Complementary Strategies (English) A case study on the INA business model by Ithaka for the Strategic Content Alliance

Film archives in France
Sound archives
IFPI members
Television in France
Mass media in Paris
Organizations with year of establishment missing
Shane Simpson (musician)

Shane Simpson is a Canadian jazz guitarist from Ottawa, Ontario. Simpson is a musician, guitar instructor, record producer and audio engineer. He performs technically demanding fingerstyle-jazz compositions.

Musical career
Simpson attended the jazz program at Humber College in Toronto and in 2000 Simpson started the "Shane Simpson Band" that included Lynn Hanson. Since early 2004, Simpson has toured with three-time Juno Award winner David Francey.

Debut album
The band's debut album "Sketches", which was a fusion of blues, jazz, flamenco, and bluegrass music. The song "Not Talking At All" was chosen by the members of Blue Rodeo to be included in a "Best of the New Music Network" compilation CD.

Second album
Simpson's second release, More Electric appeared on the television broadcast on Rogers Television "Front Row Centre." The where song "Nowhere Near" became one of the 16 winning songs in Canada to appear in Canadian Music magazine's "Great Canadian Talent Search." Stacey Board's review of "more electric" in musesmuse.com praises Simpson's "versatile guitar playing" and says that he "...did an excellent job of self-producing this CD", which has "...captured great energy in each song." However, Board states that "[h]is lyrics though are lost on me. They are kind of free form imagery that obviously connect for him emotionally but don't connect for me."

Third album
In 2004, Paul Bourdeau recorded the album "Wild Rice", which was inspired by Tony Rice's music. Simpson and Bourdeau's jazz-grass guitar-duo playing was reviewed in the November 2004 copy of Acoustic Guitar. C. Michael Bailey’s review of Wild Rice in AllAboutJazz.com calls it “...a damn fine recording of two very talented and very different guitar players.” Bailey calls Simpson’s playing “finesse-oriented”, and says that the album will appeal to fans of David Grisman, Bela Fleck, Tony Rice, Jerry Douglas, and Nickel Creek.

Recent activities
In 2006, Ottawa Life Magazine included Shane Simpson in the magazine’s “Ottawa’s top 50" list for 2006, a list of the top fifty Ottawans in the fields of “medicine, law, business, the arts, writers, architects, politics and media” (of which only the top ten are numbered). The paragraph on Simpson called him “The Fred Astaire of the Fretboard” and states that his articles on music and guitar transcriptions appear regularly in leading guitar publications.

Discography
 Sketches (2001)
 More Electric (2002)
 Wild Rice (2004)
 The First Set - Live From Folk Alley (2006 as guitarist for David Francey)
 Hi-Phi (2006 performance with James Cohen)

Instructional
 Shane Simpson - Jazz Guitar (DVD)

References

External links
 Shane Simpson's Official Site
 Segment Multimedia's Official Site
 David Francey's Official Site

Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian blues guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian jazz guitarists
Canadian male jazz musicians
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Musicians from Ottawa
Writers from Ottawa
Living people