alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Map (band)

Map is an indie pop band from Riverside, CA that consists of Josh Dooley (guitar, Voice, Harmonica), Paul Akers (Keyboards) and Trevor Monks (drums).

Biography
Josh Dooley formed Map in 2000, recording two EPs, Teaching Turtles to Fly, and Eastern Skies, Western Eyes.

Map released their first full-length record, Secrets By The Highway, in 2003.

In the summer of 2004, Map released their second full-length record, Think Like An Owner. This album was his first record backed by his current band line-up, consisting of Loop (bass), Heather Bray (guitar, voice) and Ben Heywood (drums).

Map released their third EP, San Francisco in the 90s, with more additions to their band line-up, consisting of Paul Akers (keyboards) and Trevor Monks (drums). This album gives tribute to late-80s Brit pop and mid-60s American jangle rock.

Discography

Full-length albums
Secrets By the Highway (2003, Velvet Blue Music)
Think Like an Owner (2004, Velvet Blue Music)
Speechless (2009, Velvet Blue Music)
Pistols & Pearls (2010, Independent)
Loneliness is Dangerous (2011, Independent)

EPs
Teaching Turtles To Fly (2000, Velvet Blue Music)
Eastern Skies, Western Eyes (2001, Velvet Blue Music)
San Francisco in the 90's (2006, Velvet Blue Music)

Singles (7-inch vinyl)
A Monk With a Gun (2005, Velvet Blue Music)
Friends Who Play Guitar (2006, ClerestoryAV) Map/Gary Murray split single

External links
Official website
Facebook page
Velvet Blue's press page
Josh Dooley's 10 most influential albums

Indie pop groups from California
Gaysweek

Gaysweek was an American weekly gay and lesbian newspaper based in New York City printed from 1977 until 1979. Considered the city's first mainstream weekly lesbian and gay newspaper, it was founded by Alan Bell in 1977 as an 8-page single-color tabloid and finished its run in 1979 as a 24-page two-color publication. It featured articles, letter, art and poetry. It was, at the time, only one of three weekly publications geared towards gay people. It was also the first mainstream gay publication published by an African-American (Alan Bell).

Background
Gaysweek was New York City's first mainstream weekly lesbian and gay newspaper. It was founded by Alan Bell in 1977. Gaysweek began as an 8-page single-color tabloid and when it ceased publication in 1979 after 104 issues, it had grown to a 24-page two-color publication. Its monthly arts supplement, Gaysweek Arts and Letters, was edited by Byrne Fone. During its run, it was one of only three gay weeklies in the world and the only mainstream gay publication owned by an African American. A portion of Gaysweek archives are housed at Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections.

Although it was eventually granted, Gaysweeks application to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for registration of the Gaysweek trademark, was opposed by Newsweek, Inc. because, according to attorneys for the publication, they are similar "both phonetically and in appearance." Newsweek later sued Gaysweek for trademark infringement.

In 2002, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston turned over a copy of the February 12, 1979 issue of Gaysweek, in relation to a lawsuit, which included an article titled "Men & Boys" that described a meeting in Boston in which Father Paul Shanley defended a relationship between a man and a boy. 

In 2015, Alan Bell was inducted into the LGBT Journalists Hall of Fame.

Notable writers

Eric Bentley
Perry Brass
Robert Chesley
Daniel Curzon
Martin Duberman
Harvey Fierstein

Robert Patrick
Felice Picano
David Rothenberg
Edmund White
George Whitmore

See also
 Bay Area Reporter
 BLK (magazine)
 Gay Community News (Boston) 
 LGBT culture in New York City
 Out Front Colorado
 Washington Blade

References

Further reading

External links
September 1978 issue of Gaysweek at Pride Museum

LGBT-related newspapers published in the United States
Weekly newspapers published in the United States
LGBT history in New York City
Defunct weekly newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in New York City
LGBT culture in New York City
Publications
LGBT
Publications
Newspapers published in New York City
Publications disestablished in 1979
Newspapers established in 1977
Nambucca Heads

Nambucca Heads is a town on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia in the Nambucca Valley. It is located on a ridge, north of the estuary of the Nambucca River near the Pacific Highway. Its 2021 population was 6,675 (6,327 in 2016 census, 6,137 in 2011 census), including 5,226 (78.3%) Australian-born persons and 672 indigenous persons. 

The place name is derived from an Gumbaynggirr word Ngambagabaga. Clement Hodgkinson asked two Ngamba men what the name of the area was they responded to Nyambagabaga as the spot they were standing was a bend in the river where a Ngamba giant was speared in the leg in the Dreaming. This location is the Foreshore Caravan Park now. Ngamba is a subsection of Gumbaynggirr Nation & Baga Baga means Knee. This was later interpreted as Nambucca. It is a popular holiday and retirement destination.

The town is located on the North Coast railway line, and is served by the three daily NSW TrainLink services.

History

Nambucca Heads is the current and historical homeland of the Gumbaynggirr people. Gumbaynggirr lands stretch from Pillar Valley, Tyndale, Grafton and Copmanhurst in the north, to Glen Innes, Guyra and Black Mountain to the west, and to Bowraville to the south. The Nambucca River separated the Gumbaynggirr from the Dunghutti Ngaku. The name Nambucca comes from an Aboriginal word, ngambugka, variously translated as "winding or crooked river", and as "entrance to the waters."

Europeans may have explored the area in 1818, and John Oxley surveyed the area in 1820.

The cutting of Australian red cedar had started in the area by 1842.  It is believed that the first house was built in 1867, when about 50 people had settled in the valley to cut cedar or grow corn.  The site of the town was surveyed in 1874 and the first hotel and school were both established in 1884.  It was proclaimed a village in 1885.
The North Coast railway was extended from Taree to South Grafton in 1915, but Nambucca Heads station was not opened until 1923.

Nambucca Heads has one of the oldest surf lifesaving clubs in Australia and also invented junior surf lifesaving known as Nippers.

In December 1980 the five kilometre Belwood Deviation of the Pacific Highway opened bypassing Nambucca Heads.

Local media

Radio Stations
2CS-FM (106.3), Star FM (105.5 & 105.1), 2MC-FM (106.7), Triple J (91.5 & 96.3), 2NVR FM (105.9)

The Nambucca Valley's community radio station, 2NVR 105.9FM, focuses on the Macksville, Bowraville, Nambucca Heads and surrounding communities.

Newspapers
Midcoast Observer, Hibiscus Happynings, Guardian News, Coffs Coast Advocate.

Television
ABC, ABC TV Plus, SBS, SBS Viceland, Seven Northern NSW, 10 (WIN), Nine (NBN)

Schools
 Nambucca Heads Public School
 Frank Partridge VC Public School
 Nambucca Valley Christian Community School
 Nambucca Heads High School

Transport
Nambucca Heads railway station, opened in 1923, on the North Coast Line. It is serviced by three NSW TrainLink trains per day in each direction.

References

Towns in New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Coastal towns in New South Wales
Plaza Senayan

Plaza Senayan is a shopping mall located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The mall is a few minutes by car from the Semanggi area; offering shops and services such as designer goods and gourmet food. In January 2017, Forbes recognized Plaza Senayan as one of the top five shopping malls in Jakarta.

Shops and facilities

Plaza Senayan is a three-storey shopping mall with two interconnected department stores on its two sides, Metro Department Store at the south end and Sogo Department Store on the north. The department stores are four or five storeys with a basement. Plaza Senayan is also home to the nation's second largest foreign bookstore, Books Kinokuniya (closed in 2021).  after Times Bookstore in Lippo Village (Lippo Karawaci) West Jakarta.

This shopping mall is best known for its distinctive giant musical clock installed in the middle lobby. The clock plays its jingle at every hour and accompanied by animated musical figures moving in rhythm with the song. This musical clock is similar to those installed in many public places in Japan, and is built by Seiko.

Index Living Mall announced that it will open at the fifth floor of Sogo Plaza Senayan replacing Books Kinokuniya, and its upcoming size is appx. 1.550 m2.

See also

List of shopping malls in Indonesia

References

External links

 Official website

Shopping malls in Jakarta
Shopping malls established in 1996
1996 establishments in Indonesia
Central Jakarta
Music for Prague 1968

Music for Prague 1968 is a programmatic work written by Czech-born composer Karel Husa for symphonic band and later transcribed for full orchestra, written shortly after the Soviet Union crushed the Prague Spring reform movement in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Karel Husa was sitting on the dock at his cottage in America at the time, listening to the BBC broadcast of the events on the radio. He was deeply moved, and wrote Music for Prague 1968 to memorialize the events. This piece is a standard among wind ensemble repertoire.

The work was commissioned by Ithaca College and was premiered in January 1969 in Washington, DC at the Music Educators National Conference by Dr. Kenneth Snapp and the Ithaca College Concert Band.

Instrumentation
The work is scored for 2 Piccolos, 6 Flutes, 2 Oboes, English Horn, 2 Bassoons, Contrabassoon, Eb Clarinet, 9 Clarinets, Alto Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Contrabass Clarinet, 2 Alto Saxophones, Tenor Saxophone, Baritone Saxophone, Bass Saxophone, 8 Trumpets, 4 Horns, 3 Trombones, 2 Baritones, 2 Tubas, Chimes, Marimba, Vibraphone, Xylophone, Timpani, 3 Antique Cymbals, 3 Triangles, 3 Suspended Cymbals, 3 Tam-Tams, 2-3 Snare Drums, 3 Tom-Toms, and Bass Drum.

Structure
The piece is in four movements:
Introduction and Fanfare
Aria
Interlude
Toccata and Chorale

As a piece of program music, the work is bound together by symbolism and allusions. A theme from the 15th Century Hussite song "Ye Warriors of God and his Law" is laced into the music, one symbolic of resistance and hope - the theme is common enough that any Czech would know the melody and its significance. [The same theme appears (with the same significance) in Smetana's "Má Vlast" cycle, in both the Blaník and Tabor movements, as well as in Josef Suk's symphonic Poem Praga.] The sound of bells are heard throughout the music, as Prague is also known as "City of a Hundred Spires". The trombones imitate air raid sirens, and the oboes play sections of Morse code. The piccolo solo represents the bird calls, the symbol of freedom, which the composer himself wrote, 'the city of Prague has seen only for moments during its thousand years of existence'. The third movement, Interlude, is not only played solely by the percussion section, but is also a palindrome, starting and ending with a snare roll.

References

External links
 "About the Piece: Music for Prague 1968" by Steven Stucky

Compositions by Karel Husa
Concert band pieces
Compositions for symphony orchestra
1968 compositions
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
Shuddhashuddha tattvas

The Shuddhashuddha tattvas or "Pure-Impure" tatwas, in Shaivite and Shakta Tantric metaphysics, refer to the seven of the 36 tattvas   from maya to purusha. It is also one of the five main divisions (kala) or stages of Involution of the supreme consciousness, in Kashmir Shaivite cosmology.

The tattvas are:

 Māyā tattva: Maya is the universally formative and limiting principle, the "material" cause of the "impure sphere." Maya brings into being under the influence of the Sadvidya-Tattwa(atman)  the following five tattvas, known as the "five sheaths," pancha kanchuka, which restrict the universal Self to being and the individual soul, the purusha.
 Kalā tattva limitation of authority or efficacy - the Self, which is an All Doer, becomes a Little Doer.  Can also refer to  creativity, aptitude, the power which draws the soul toward spiritual knowledge. Its energy partially removes the veil of anava-mala which clouds the inherent powers of the soul.
 Vidyā tattva: limited knowledge, the Self which is an all-knower becomes a little knower.  Knowledge in accord with its present life experiences.
 Rāga tattva: attachment, inclination, limitation of fullness, giving rise to desire for various objects.
 Kāla tattva: limitation of eternity, giving rise to the phenomenon of time, which divides all experience into past, present, and future.
 Niyati tattva: restriction or limitation of freedom, giving rise to karma (cause and effect), necessity, and order. (more on Niyati).
 Purusha tattva: the limited spiritual consciousness, the soul or separate "EGO", the subjective principle.  Through identification with the five Kanchukas or "coverings" the Self (atman) becomes a purusha, or limited, transmigrating soul, capable of experiencing the cosmos as a limited individual.

References
 Jaideva Singh, Shiva Sutras – the Yoga of Supreme Identity, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi  1979
 ------ Pratyabhijnahrdayam – the Secret of Self-Recognition, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 3rd ed.  1980
 Arthur Avalon / Sir John Woodroffe, Shakti and Shakta, Dover Publications, New York, 1978
 H.H. Mahatapasvi Shri Kumarswamiji : 'Virahsaivism: History and Fundamental Concepts', India
 Sri Yuktesvar Giri, The holy science, SRF

External links
 Hinduism's Online Lexicon From the Himalayan Academy, based on the teachings of Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami
 Kashmir-Shivaism-Diagram
 Kashmir-Shivaism

Hindu philosophical concepts
Kalbakken (station)

Kalbakken is the station on Grorud Line of the Oslo Metro between Rødtvet and Ammerud. It is located in the Grorud borough. Kalbakken is part of the original stretch of the Grorud Line opened 16 October 1966.

The Kalbakken neighbourhood is mostly residential. The subway station is located on a hill on the north side and much of the neighbourhood is within reasonable walking distance, such as the general shopping and food stores. The neighbourhood also has a riding school, a library, a public swimming pool and activity centers for both seniors and adolescents, all of which are located in the Nordtvet area of Kalbakken.

References

External links

Oslo Metro stations in Oslo
Railway stations opened in 1966
1966 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1960s
Extra Foods

Extra Foods (also branded as extrafoods) is a supermarket chain, part of Loblaw Companies Limited. There are 4 stores in Canada, mostly in Western Canada. Most Extra Foods stores are smaller than its sister chain, Real Canadian Superstore, and most locations are in smaller, rural communities. Extra Foods is similar to Ontario's Your Independent Grocer/Zehrs banners, as well as Quebec's Provigo banner.

In 2008, Loblaw began converting some locations to the similar No Frills format already used for the company's deep-discount stores in Ontario.

In 2010, Loblaw began converting some locations to a new format similar to the "Great Foods" stores found in Ontario, some of which have since converted to Your Independent Grocer. Mostly due to not meeting sales expectations. In 2017, the chain's last Regina location was replaced by a new Real Canadian Superstore on the same property.

Store locations
As of June 27, 2023. 
Quesnel, British Columbia
Cardston, Alberta
Drumheller, Alberta
St. Paul, Alberta

See also
Real Canadian Wholesale Club
List of supermarket chains in Canada

References

External links
 

Companies based in Brampton
Loblaw Companies
Supermarkets of Canada
Cuisine of Western Canada
Cabudare

Cabudare (, original indigenous name Kabudari), is a city in Lara State, in Venezuela, and capital of the Palavecino Municipality. 
Located at an elevation of 400 m on the Turbio River, it is on the major west-central freeway, the Autopista Centro Occidental.  
Due to the growth of the economy in Barquisimeto, Cabudare has become a bedroom community, with new housing construction replacing the sugar cane fields.  A minority of the population are still engaged in agriculture within the municipality.

There are important private hospitals such as Clínica IDB Cabudare and Hospital Internacional.

The city had 78,578 inhabitants (c. 2011), which represented 40.5% of the total population of the Palavecino municipality.

Cabudare currently represents one of the biggest urban growth in Venezuela, due to its commercial and housing expansion. It has several urbanisations and neighbourhoods where a large quantity of people lives. However, in terms of beauty of the municipality, there are some improvements to be made since there has not been a lot of maintenance in important areas by the previous mayors, so it is needing a push from its inhabitants to their governance in order to improve the city.

It has been considered as the dormitory city of Barquisimeto, which is the capital or the Lara State, due to its housing growth; however, it also has had commercial and industrial growth.

External links
 Cabudare information portal in Spanish
 Censo de Población INE

Cities in Lara (state)
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla

The Higher Technological Institute of Zacapoaxtla (In ) is a public, coeducational university located in the city of Zacapoaxtla, Puebla, Mexico.

It was founded on June 1, 1996.  Just barely after three years of existence, the institution saw itself providing help and leadership during the disaster that occurred in the northern part of the state of Puebla due to heavy rainfalls brought by the Tropical Depression Eleven that caused flooding, landslides and much destruction in the early days of October 1999.  The institution helped to provide relief to local and neighboring communities that suffered great loss of life and property.  Much of the research carried on by the institution focuses on the ecology of the region.

External links
 ITSZ Official Website Higher Technological Institute of Zacapoaxtla
 Live Archive: rains of October, 1999, on the Northern Mountains of Puebla La Sierra Viva

Zacapoaxtla, Instituto Tecnologico de
Anandamaya kosha

The Anandamaya kosha or "sheath made of bliss" (ananda) is in Vedantic philosophy the most subtle or spiritual of the five levels of embodied self.  It has been interpreted differently according to specific schools of Indian (and also Theosophical) thought.

The Anandamaya kosha in traditional Advaita Vedanta 
In Advaita Vedanta the Anandamaya kosha is the innermost of the five koshas or "sheaths" that veil the Atman or Supreme Self.  Unlike the next three more outer koshas, it constitutes the karana sarira or causal body.  It is associated with the state of dreamless sleep and samadhi.

The Anandamaya kosha in Krsna Consciousness 
The ānanda-maya stage is explained by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada  as the "brahma-bhūta" stage in the Bhagavad-gītā. There it is said that in the brahma-bhūta stage of life there is no anxiety and no hankering. This stage begins when one becomes equally disposed toward all living entities, and it then expands to the stage of Kṛṣṇa consciousness, in which one hankers to render service unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead. This hankering for advancement in devotional service is not the same as hankering for sense gratification in material existence. In other words, hankering remains in spiritual life, but it becomes purified. When our senses are purified, they become freed from all material stages, namely anna-maya, prāṇa-maya, mano-maya and vijñāna-maya, and they become situated in the highest stage — ānanda-maya, or blissful life in Kṛṣṇa consciousness.

The Anandamaya kosha according to Subba Row 
The Indian Theosophist T. Subba Row correlated the five koshas with Blavatsky's septenary principle.  The Anandamaya-kosa (sheath of bliss or Karanopadhi - causal body) is here associated with the Spiritual Soul or Buddhi principle (the sixth of the seven principles)

The Anandamaya kosha according to Sivaya Subramuniyaswami 
In the teachings of Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (Himalayan Academy), the Anandamaya kosha is not a sheath in the same sense as the four outer koshas, but rather constitutes the soul itself, a body of light.  As well as being the Causal body and the repository of karma, it is also the  Karana chitta, the "causal mind" or superconscious mind, of which Parashakti (or Satchidananda) is the substratum. This Anandamaya kosha evolves through all incarnations until finally merging in the Primal Soul, Parameshvara. It then becomes Sivamayakosha, the body of Siva.

The Self made of Delight according to Sri Aurobindo 
Unlike other Vedantic philosophers, Sri Aurobindo does not consider the five selves as koshas, "sheaths", but instead sees them as the evolutionary principles of the Inner or True Divine Self at each plane of existence.  The Anandamaya Self is thus the individualised Divine Self that will emerge with the actualisation of the Plane of Ananda, following and even surpassing the Supramental stage of evolution.

External links
 Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary: Ke-Kz
Sanskrit Lexicon page
 Krsna Book

References 

Vedanta
Harry Vines

Harry Doyle Vines (September 12, 1938 – February 11, 2006) was a prominent member of the wheelchair basketball community, winning national and international championships. Born in Caldwell, Arkansas and later residing in Sherwood, Arkansas, he served on several commissions and boards, including the Governor's Commission on People with Disabilities and the Arkansas Community Service Commission.

Early life
Harry Vines was born in Caldwell, Arkansas. He was a member of the Little Rock Central High School Tigers, leading the team to a Big 8 championship and earned a high school All American award in 1957. He played at Oklahoma City University, and upon graduation from OCU in 1961 became a basketball coach at Southwest Junior High in Little Rock.

Collegiate career
Vines played college basketball at Oklahoma City University from the 1958–59 to 1960–61 seasons.

Wheelchair basketball
Vines graduated from Oklahoma City University in 1961, and became the basketball coach at Southwestern Junior High in Little Rock. In 1978, he began coaching a new wheelchair basketball team - the Arkansas Rollin' Razorbacks of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association (NWBA). Over the next 22 years, Vines led his team to 21 winning seasons. He coached the Rollin' Razorbacks to five national championships (1991, 1993, 1994, 1996 and 2000). Vines later coached US national teams in the World Cup and Paralympics.

In 1987, Harry coached the United States team in World Wheelchair Games (formerly known as the Stoke Mandeville Games) to its first world championship. In 1990, President George H. W. Bush awarded him with the President's Service Award (later known as the President's Community Service Award) for his outstanding volunteer contributions as a coach.

Harry had served the NWBA as Conference Commissioner of the Arkansas Valley Conference, 1st Vice President of the NWBA and President of the NWBA. In recent years, he was the NWBA representative on the board of directors to USA Basketball. Vines was inducted in the NWBA's Hall of Fame in 2001 and the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 2014.

References

External links 
 President's Community Volunteer Awards - Profile: Harry Vines

1938 births
2006 deaths
Oklahoma City University alumni
Oklahoma City Stars men's basketball players
Little Rock Central High School alumni
People from Sherwood, Arkansas
People from St. Francis County, Arkansas
Sportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Basketball coaches from Arkansas
American men's wheelchair basketball players
Alabama State Route 147

State Route 147 (SR 147) is a  state highway maintained by the U.S. state of Alabama in the east-central part of Alabama. The highway acts as a connector between Interstate 85 (I-85) and U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in the southern part of Auburn and US 431 between Auburn and LaFayette.

Route description

SR 147 lies mostly within the city limits of Auburn. Approximately  of the road travels through unincorporated Lee County, while  lies in rural Chambers County.

SR 147 begins on College Street in Auburn at its junction with Interstate 85 at Exit 51 and US 29. Whereas it once entered downtown Auburn, it now bypasses the city on its western and northern side on Shug Jordan Parkway.  At its intersection with College Street, the route turns north. It continues along Birmingham Highway and US 280 (internally designated as SR 38) to mile 9.0, then continues on Heath Road in northern Auburn.

History
In 1939, the state of Alabama constructed the original segment of SR 147, connecting US 29 in downtown Auburn to what was then US 241 (now US 280) at The Bottle. In 1947, SR 147 was extended north  to Gold Hill. The final extension from Gold Hill to US 431 to complete the northern portion of the highway did not occur until 1960. In 1998, the relocation of US 29 to I-85 led to the movement of the southern terminus of the highway from the intersection of Mitchum Avenue and College Street in downtown Auburn to a point  south at the College Street interchange with I-85.

In 2006, the Alabama Department of Transportation began a relocation study for the southern half of SR 147. The study is to look at the possibility of rerouting the highway some  west of Auburn, along the route of the proposed Auburn Outer Loop. The proposed relocation would begin at I-85 at the under-development Cox Road interchange (exit 50) and would travel north  to connect with US 280 at mile marker 101.4, where it would join the current northern section of SR 147.

SR 267 was a bypass of SR 147. The designation of SR 267 has been removed from the state highway system. SR 147 now follows that alignment.

SR 147 has been relocated along Shug Jordan Parkway by the Alabama Department of Transportation. The highway no longer follows South College Street into downtown Auburn. When Shug Jordan Pkwy ends at North College Street, the highway turns to follow along North College Street to the area of north Auburn known as The Bottle at US 280. Then, it follows its previous alignment through Gold Hill to its terminus at US 431 in Oak Bowery, north of Opelika.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

147
Transportation in Lee County, Alabama
Transportation in Chambers County, Alabama
Auburn, Alabama
Auburn metropolitan area, Alabama
1939 establishments in Alabama
Bollons Island

Bollons Island () is a small island in New Zealand's subantarctic Antipodes Islands group. It is the second largest island in the group behind Antipodes Island.

Geography
The island is roughly crescent-shaped, and has an area of . It lies to the northeast of the group's main island, Antipodes Island, separated from it by a 1.2 kilometre wide strait. The smaller Archway Island lies immediately to the northwest of Bollons Island.

Bollons Island is dominated by a curved ridge running the length of the island, with a highest point  above sea level. Cliffs surround the island on all sides except the west.

History
The island is named after John Bollons, Master of the New Zealand Marine Department vessels, NZGSS Hinemoa and  SS Tutanekai.

Important Bird Area
The island is part of the Antipodes Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of the significance of the group as a breeding site for several species of seabirds. It is home to the Reischek's parakeet (Cyanoramphus hochstetteri) and to the Antipodes parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor).

See also 
 Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
 New Zealand Subantarctic Islands
 List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands#List of subantarctic islands
 List of islands of New Zealand
 SCAR
 Territorial claims in Antarctica

Further reading
 Taylor, Rowley, (2006) Straight Through from London, the Antipodes and Bounty Islands, New Zealand.Christchurch: Heritage Expeditions New Zealand Ltd. .

References

Islands of the Antipodes Islands
Volcanoes of the New Zealand outlying islands
Important Bird Areas of the Antipodes Islands
Volcanic islands
West Okaw River

The West Okaw River is a tributary of the Kaskaskia River, which it joins in Moultrie County, Illinois. The West Okaw forms an arm of Lake Shelbyville where the natural rivers used to meet.

The West Okaw is the western fork of the Kaskaskia, which was formerly known as the Okaw. The name "Okaw" comes from the Mississippi Valley French au Kaskaskies ("to the Kaskaskias"), which was commonly shortened to au Kas. The town of Okawville is located close to the Kaskaskia, but about 100 miles downstream from the West Okaw. The Okaw Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America is also centered on the Kaskaskia River, far downstream from the West Okaw.

The West Okaw is about  in length, as measured from the junction of the arms of Lake Shelbyville. This figure includes the drainage ditches, which extend the stream about eight miles above the natural channel.

The watershed of the West Okaw was formed during the Wisconsin glaciation, about 70,000 to 10,000 years before present. The Wisconsin ice sheet advanced roughly to the Lake Shelbyville Dam, forming a terminal moraine. The meltwater overtopped the moraine, forming the modern Kaskaskia River, which flowed on through land of older Illinoian Stage.

Cities, towns and counties
The following cities, towns and villages are in the West Okaw watershed:
Bethany
Dalton City
Hammond
LaPlace
Lovington

Parts of the following Illinois counties are drained by the West Okaw:
Macon County
Moultrie County
Piatt County
Shelby County

See also
List of Illinois rivers

References

External links
Fish Illinois Lake Shelbyville
Prairie Rivers Network
TopoQuest, West Okaw Fish and Wildlife Management Area
USGS Real-Time Stream Gage, West Okaw at Lovington

Rivers of Illinois
Rivers of Macon County, Illinois
Rivers of Moultrie County, Illinois
Rivers of Piatt County, Illinois
Rivers of Shelby County, Illinois
The Bad Popes

The Bad Popes is a 1969 book by E. R. Chamberlin that documents the lives of eight of the most controversial popes (papal years in parentheses):
Pope Stephen VI (896–897), who had his predecessor Pope Formosus exhumed, tried, de-fingered, briefly reburied, and thrown in the Tiber.
Pope John XII (955–964), who gave land to a mistress, murdered several people, and was killed by a man who caught him in bed with his wife.
Pope Benedict IX (1032–1044, 1045, 1047–1048), who "sold" the Papacy.
Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303), who is lampooned in Dante's Divine Comedy.
Pope Urban VI (1378–1389), who complained that he did not hear enough screaming when Cardinals who had conspired against him were tortured.
Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), a Borgia, who was guilty of nepotism and whose unattended corpse swelled until it could barely fit in a coffin.
Pope Leo X (1513–1521), a spendthrift member of the Medici family who once spent 1/7 of his predecessors' reserves on a single ceremony.
Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), also a Medici, whose power-politicking with France, Spain, and Germany got Rome sacked.

References

1969 non-fiction books
2003 non-fiction books
Books about popes
20th-century history books
21st-century history books
1969 in Christianity
Lists of celebrities
Extension tube

An extension tube, sometimes also called a closeup tube or an extension ring, is used with interchangeable lenses to increase magnification. This is most often used in macro photography.

Construction

The tube contains no optical elements; its sole purpose is to move the lens farther from the image plane. The farther away the lens is, the closer the focus, the greater the magnification, and also the greater the loss of light (requiring a longer exposure time). Lenses classically focus closer than infinity by moving all optical elements farther from the film or sensor; an extension tube simply enables this movement. 

Because extension tubes do not have optics, they do not affect the optical quality of a lens. Because of their function, there are other effects: decrease of light; shallower depth of field; and loss of ability to focus at infinity. The longer the extension tube, the closer the lens can focus. Correspondingly, the amount of light and depth of field will be reduced. On modern cameras using auto exposure the decrease in exposure is all corrected for by the camera, but when not using auto exposure this has to be calculated and taken into account when setting exposure. The exposure compensation, called the bellows factor, is a dimensionless ratio that is applied to the relative aperture (f-number), resulting in the working f-number of the lens and extension tube combination.

The precise reduction of the amount of light reaching the imaging plane can be calculated using the inverse square law formula. 

Extension tubes without electrical contacts will not allow an electronic automatic camera to control the lens, thus disabling autofocus and in some cases forcing a user to shoot wide open unless the lens offers manual aperture control. More expensive extension tubes contain electrical contacts allowing the user to use autofocus and electronically control the aperture of the attached lens. An advantage to the non-electrical tubes is their lower price.

Other items like lens adapters may unintentionally have an effect similar to an extension tube. A lens designed for a small flange focal distance may not be able to focus to infinity when a lens adapter places the sensor too far away.

Versus teleconverters and close-up lens
Extension tubes are sometimes confused with teleconverters, an optical component (i.e., containing lenses) designed to increase effective focal length.

A close-up lens also enables focusing closer for macro photography but, unlike an extension tube, a close-up lens actually is an optical element.

See also
 Bellows (photography)
 Reversing ring

References

External links
 

Photography equipment
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (, abbreviated as PBS) is a  federal agency under the Government of Pakistan. It is an attached department of the Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives. It works for collecting statistics in the country.

History
In 1947, the Central Statistical Office (CSO) was set up by the government of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. In 1950, CSO became an attached department of the Economic Affairs Division. In 1972, on the recommendation of IBRD Mission, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto upgraded the Central Statistical Office to a full-fledged government division. In 1981, the bureau was reorganized and its technical wing (CSO) was converted into the then Federal Bureau of Statistics. Former Finance Minister Dr. Mahbub ul Haq further reorganized the bureau.

See also
Government of Pakistan
Politics of Pakistan
Statistics

References

External links
Federal Bureau of Statistics

Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Pakistan
1950 establishments in Pakistan
Government agencies established in 1950
Helen Donaldson

Helen Donaldson (born 14 March 1968 in Rockhampton, Queensland) is an Australian operatic soprano, best known for her performances of the heroines in Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

Biography
Donaldson started singing at the age of seven, after winning an eisteddfod. She was trained at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, Brisbane, and graduated with a Bachelor of Music and a Graduate Diploma in Opera. While at university, she performed in many shows, including Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe as Phyllis.

Her first professional role was as a chorus member and swing in The Phantom of the Opera in 1990. The role that gave her real recognition in the Australian theatre industry was as Mabel in Essgee Entertainment's The Pirates of Penzance. She has performed in several other Essgee shows: The Mikado (as Yum-Yum), HMS Pinafore (as Josephine), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (as Philia) and The Merry Widow (as Anna, during the Brisbane run of the production, and as Valencienne during the Melbourne, Victoria; Adelaide, South Australia and Perth, Western Australia run of the production).

Donaldson has performed in over twenty operas, including Cinderella's Bad Magic as Cinderella I, a role she created in Russia and the United States. In 2008, she returned to Australia and to Essgee, reprising the role of Yum-Yum in The Mikado.

She has four children, three daughters and a son.

Sources

Cooper, Nathanael, "Coast's own diva", The Sunshine Coast Daily, 10 June 2008
The Queensland Pops Orchestra, Biography: Helen Donaldson

External links

1968 births
Australian operatic sopranos
Living people
People from Rockhampton
Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University alumni
Australian musical theatre actresses
Tripura (disambiguation)

Tripura is a state of India.

Tripura may also refer to:

 Tripura (mythology), three cities in Hindu mythology
 Tripura Kingdom, or Twipra Kingdom, a historical kingdom of India from the 15th century to 1949
 Tripura (princely state), a princely state in India during and shortly after the British Raj
 Tripura (Telugu author) (1928–2013), Indian Telugu-language short-story writer
 Tripura (film), a 2015 Indian Telugu film
 Macrobrochis or Tripura, a genus of moths

See also
 Tripuri (disambiguation)
 Tripura Buranji, an 18th-century Indian manuscript
 Tripura Sundari, a Hindu goddess
 Tripurasundari (disambiguation)
General Post Office, Kolkata

The General Post Office, Kolkata is the central post office of the city of Kolkata, India, and the chief post office of West Bengal. The post office handles most of the city's inbound and outbound mail and parcels. Situated in the B. B. D. Bagh area, the imposing structure of the GPO is one of the landmarks in the city.

Kolkata GPO is one of the five Philatelic Bureaus in the country (others being Mumbai GPO, Chennai GPO, Parliament Street, and New Delhi GPO) that are authorised to sell the United Nations stamps.

History

The site where the GPO is located was actually the site of the first Fort William. An alley beside the post office was the site of the guardhouse that housed the infamous 1756 Black Hole of Calcutta (1756). The General Post Office was designed in 1864 by Walter B. Grenville (1819-1874), who acted as consulting architect to the government of India from 1863 to 1868.

The staircase at the eastern side of the GPO features a brass plate, which marks the eastern end of the Old Fort William. This is probably the only remaining of the ancient fort of Calcutta. Recently a marble plaque has been installed on the Eastern walls of GPO, which highlight the Brass Plate.

To the north of the GPO is the Kolkata Collectorate, which was once the office of the regional ‘Collector’, a designation invented by the British Government after 1857 to replace the traditional Zamindars.

Building

The GPO is notable for its imposing high domed roof (rising over 220 feet) and tall Ionic-Corinthian pillars. A postal museum that was built in 1884 displays a collection of artefacts and stamps. The Philatelic Bureau is located on the southwestern end of the building.

Location
It is located on Netaji Subhas Road in B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata. The location is very near to BBD Bag Railway Station.

Gallery

See also
Indian Postal Service

External links

Postage stamp on GPO

Tourist attractions in Kolkata
Buildings and structures in Kolkata
K 
Government buildings in West Bengal
Government buildings completed in 1868
Jamie Kennedy (chef)

Jamie Kennedy (born Henry James Kennedy) is a Canadian chef.

Kennedy is the proprietor of Jamie Kennedy Kitchens based in Toronto, Ontario.  He was previously the owner and operator of Gilead Café from 2008 to the cafe's closure in March, 2015.  Kennedy's cafe was notable for its Wine Bar, menu of small tapas-like dishes and dessert items, suitable for sharing and sampling, and a seating area where diners could observe and talk to the chef and sous chefs preparing plates for guests.

In 2005, Kennedy opened a restaurant adjacent to the Wine Bar which served a more complete seasonal menu of various Canadian and international fares. The restaurant has since closed and in October 2008, was replaced by a cafe. 
 
In 2006, Kennedy opened another restaurant, Jamie Kennedy Gardiner, at the Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art which has undergone a complete renovation.

Coupled with his restaurant business is a catering service and event space that can be rented.

Kennedy used to possess an operation at the Royal Ontario Museum, Jamie Kennedy at the ROM, which operated on the third floor of the museum and its member lounge, but has since closed due to the museum's own extensive renovations and restoration.

Kennedy was the inaugural recipient of the Governor General's Award in Celebration of the Nation's Table, in 2010. In December 2010, was awarded the Order of Canada for his promotion of Canadian cuisine and the use of organic, sustainable and locally sourced foods.

In 2015 Kennedy produced a cookbook, J.K. The Jamie Kennedy Cookbook.

See also
 Cuisine of Toronto

References

External links

JK Wine Bar's Nemeth Seeks Return Of Eating For Pleasure
Jamie Kennedy (chef) at the Chef and Restaurant Database

Canadian male chefs
Living people
People from Prince Edward County, Ontario
Canadian restaurateurs
1960 births
Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego

Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language) is an etymological dictionary first published in 1927.  It was compiled by Aleksander Brückner and served through the 20th century as a principal Polish etymological dictionary.

Though now to some extent superseded by more recent efforts, it remains serviceable.

See also
 Dictionary

References
Aleksander Brückner, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, 1st ed., Kraków, Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza, 1927; reprint, Warsaw, Wiedza Powszechna, 2000.

1927 non-fiction books
Polish dictionaries
Etymological dictionaries
2004 conference on US privatization of national security

In October 2004, a conference was held at Middlebury College, entitled "The Privatization of National Security." Sponsored in part by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, the conference discussed the privatization of functions historically considered the sole province of the military and intelligence agencies of the United States government.  One participant, Peter Feaver, said that: "In fact what we’re seeing is a return to neo-feudalism.  If you think about how the India Company played a role in the rise of the British Empire, there are similar parallels to the rise of the American quasi-empire" .

The conference discussed the "outsourcing" of some services within the U.S. intelligence and military sectors. This involves the transfer to the private sector of services previously provided or managed by government (for example, to a private detective agency), a practice that, in the U.S., is simply called "privatization."

See also
Top Secret America

External links

United States national security policy
Dokkōdō

The "Dokkōdō"  ("The Path of Aloneness", "The Way to Go Forth Alone", or "The Way of Walking Alone") is a short work written by Miyamoto Musashi a week before he died in 1645. It consists of 21 precepts. "Dokkodo" was largely composed on the occasion of Musashi giving away his possessions in preparation for death, and was dedicated to his favorite disciple, Terao Magonojō (to whom the earlier Go rin no sho [The Book of Five Rings] had also been dedicated), who took them to heart. "Dokkōdō" expresses a stringent, honest, and ascetic view of life.

Principles
The 21 principles of Dokkodo:

1. Accept everything just the way it is.

2. Do not seek pleasure for its own sake.

3. Do not, under any circumstances, depend on a partial feeling.

4. Think lightly of yourself and deeply of the world.

5. Be detached from desire life long.

6. Do not regret what you have done.

7. Never be jealous.

8. Never let yourself be saddened by a separation.

9. Resentment and complaint are appropriate neither for oneself nor others.

10. Do not let yourself be guided by the feeling of lust or love.

11. In all things have no preferences.

12. Be indifferent to where you live.

13. Do not pursue the taste of good food.

14. Do not hold on to possessions you no longer need.

15. Do not act following customary beliefs.

16. Do not collect weapons or practice with weapons beyond what is useful.

17. Do not fear death.

18. Do not seek to possess either goods or fiefs for your old age.

19. Respect Buddha and the gods without counting on their help.

20. You may abandon your own body but you must preserve your honor.

21. Never stray from the Way.

References

External links
 Translation of "Dokkōdō"
 "Dōkkodō" in the original handwriting (archived version; original can be found here )
The last words of Miyamoto Musashi − An attempt to translate his − "Dokkôdô", paper written by Teruo MACHIDA, in “Bulletin of Nippon Sport Science University”, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2006, pp. 105–120 (PDF in English )
[Translation to English, https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C1J6PZBP]

1645 books
Japanese books
Philosophy books
Asceticism
Warrior code
Codes of conduct
Miyamoto Musashi
Sviatoslav III of Vladimir

Sviatoslav III Vsevolodovich of Vladimir (Russian: Святослав III Всеволодович) (27 March 1196 – 3 February 1252) was the Prince of Novgorod (1200–1205, 1207–1210) and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal (1246–1248).

Sviatoslav III Vsevolodovich was the sixth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest and Maria Shvarnovna.  Before his death, grand prince Vsevolod divided his territories between his sons; as soon as he died, the Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1212–1216) broke out between them. During the partition of his father's lands, he received the town of Yuriev-Polsky. It was he who commissioned the town's principal landmark, the Cathedral of St. George, constructed in 1230–34. In 1220 Sviatoslav sacked Aşlı in Volga Bulgaria.

Sviatoslav III's reign in Vladimir was short and uneventful. In 1248, his nephew Mikhail Khorobrit of Moscow, in defiance of the centuries-old succession system, seized the city of Vladimir and ousted Sviatoslav back to Yuriev-Polsky. Two years later, Sviatoslav and his son visited the Golden Horde, pleading with the Khan to reinstate him on the grand princely throne. He died on 3 February 1252 and was buried in Yuriev-Polsky.

References 

1196 births
1252 deaths
Grand Princes of Vladimir
Yurievichi family
13th-century princes from Kievan Rus'
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Summit City

Summit City may refer to one of the following places in the United States:

 A nickname of the city of Fort Wayne, Indiana
 The town of Summit City, California, incorporated into Shasta Lake City
 Summit City, California, former name of Meadow Lake, Nevada County, California
 Summit City School District in Union County, New Jersey
 The original name of the town now called Whitesburg, Kentucky
 Summit City, Michigan, an unincorporated community in rural Grand Traverse County.
Dhenkanal (disambiguation)

Dhenkanal is a town in Odisha, India.

Dhenkanal may also refer to:
 Dhenkanal district, Odisha, India
 Dhenkanal (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency) 
 Dhenkanal State, a princely state during the British Raj
 Dhenkanal College, a college in Dhenkanal district
 Dhenkanal railway station