alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
University of Holy Cross

University of Holy Cross (UHC) is a private Catholic liberal arts college in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was founded by the Marianites of Holy Cross.

History
University of Holy Cross was founded in 1916 as a two-year women's normal school by the Marianites of Holy Cross. Its original location was in the Bywater area of New Orleans. It became a 4-year institution in 1938. In 1947, a  parcel of land in Algiers was donated to the Marianites. The college completed a move across the river to this new site in 1960. Its area was later reduced by a sale. Men were first admitted in 1967.

In August 2011, the Marianites dismissed the college's president and all 19 of its trustees without warning. The move prompted an investigation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Commission on Colleges, the college's regional accreditor. Following the investigation, SACS placed the college on probation for six months.

In January 2016, the institution, formerly Our Lady of Holy Cross College, was renamed University of Holy Cross.

Campus
University of Holy Cross is situated on a  campus in a middle-class residential neighborhood of the Algiers area of New Orleans on the west bank of the Mississippi River. It is built primarily in the Southern Colonial style.

Academics
There are more than 50 undergraduate and graduate programs.

Notable people
 Troy Carter, Congressman serving the 2nd U.S. Congressional District of Louisiana
 Kyle France, Chairman of the Board – Louisiana Stadium and Exposition District
 Stanton F. McNeely III, University of Holy Cross President
 Patrice E. Jones, TikToker and historical preservationist, taught at Holy Cross
 Norman Robinson, television news reporter

Gallery

References

External links

Official website

Holy Cross universities and colleges
Catholic universities and colleges in Louisiana
Universities and colleges in New Orleans
Universities and colleges established in 1916
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Former women's universities and colleges in the United States
1916 establishments in Louisiana
Bulwer's pheasant

Bulwer's pheasant (Lophura bulweri), also known as Bulwer's wattled pheasant, the wattled pheasant or the white-tailed wattled pheasant, is a Southeast Asian bird in the family Phasianidae endemic to the forests of Borneo. It is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

Etymology
Bulwer's pheasant belongs to the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae. The genus name Lophura is derived from the Greek word lophos for ridge, crest or tuft. The species name bulweri is after Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer, Governor of Labuan 1871–1875, who presented the type specimen to the British Museum.

Description

Bulwer's pheasant is sexually dimorphic. Males have a total length of about , and are black-plumaged with a maroon breast, crimson legs, a pure white tail of long, curved feathers, and bright blue facial skin with two wattles that conceal the sides of its head. Females have a total length of about , and are an overall dull brown colour with red legs and blue facial skin.

Distribution and habitat
Bulwer's pheasant is endemic to the island of Borneo. While the species is locally common in protected areas (e.g. Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan) it is rarely found elsewhere. The bird inhabits hill and lower montane tropical forest, likely preferring highland rainforests and rarely visiting the lowlands below an altitude of . The diet consists mainly of fruits, worms, and insects.

Status
Bulwer's pheasant is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a rapidly declining population. The primary reasons for this decline are habitat loss and fragmentation due to commercial logging and forest fires. Local hunting is also thought to undermine the birds population. Further, captive breeding programs aimed at preserving the species have met with little success. John Roach from National Geographic offers another explanation for their decline in numbers by saying "the birds themselves seem to find each other somewhat less than appealing" in speaking with ornithologist John Rowden of the Wildlife Conservation Society in New York City and curator of animals at the Central Park Zoo.

Captivity
This species is very rarely kept in zoos due to mating problems. The only western zoos to house the species are San Diego Zoo which kept three males and the San Antonio Zoo which had a mother-son pair in 2000. Neither zoo currently lists the bird as an exhibit in 2017. Walsrode Bird Park in Germany has kept the birds as recently as 2003, and Antwerp Zoo, Belgium, has bred the birds. Antwerp Zoo has been very successful with many members of the genus Lophura. In Pairi Daiza two males arrived in 2018, which made the zoo at the time the only one in Europe with this species in its collection. This individual has, however, died since, in 2022; due to a fox attack.

References

External links
 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Bulwer's Pheasant (Lophura bulweri)

Bulwer's pheasant
Endemic birds of Borneo
Bulwer's pheasant
Fauna of the Borneo montane rain forests
Knappa, Oregon

Knappa is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located on the south bank of the Columbia River in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, approximately  directly east of Astoria. Knappa faces the Columbia River, where several islands comprise the Lewis and Clark National Wildlife Refuge.

The community is named after Aaron Knapp Jr., an early settler. There was a post office in Knappa from 1872 to 1943. It is vulnerable to a Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunami.

Logging and fishing are the primary economic activities in Knappa. Knappa School District comprises Hilda Lahti Elementary School and Knappa High School.

Demographics

References 

Unincorporated communities in Clatsop County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Census-designated places in Clatsop County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
1872 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1872
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
After Sex (1997 film)

After Sex () is a 1997 film by French director Brigitte Roüan.

Roüan stars in the film as Diane Clovier, a married mother of two who has an affair with the friend of a young writer she is mentoring. Meanwhile, her husband, a lawyer, is defending a woman charged with murdering her unfaithful spouse.

The film was well received in its native France, but raised some eyebrows for its sympathetic treatment of a woman's infidelity. The film also received positive notice in the United States, where it was released in 1998. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.

The original French title, literally "After Coitus, Sad Animal", alludes to post-coital tristesse.

Cast
Brigitte Roüan as Diane Clovier
Patrick Chesnais as Philippe Clovier
Boris Terral as Emilio
Nils Tavernier as François Narou
Jean-Louis Richard as Weyoman-Lebeau
Françoise Arnoul as Madame LePluche
Emmanuelle Bach as Caroline
Carmen Chaplin as Copine Narou
Gaëlle Le Fur as Isabelle
Elodie Pong as Designer
Roberto Plate as Miguel
Olivier Lechat as Victor
Félix Dedet-Roüan as Basile
Jean Delavalade as Dedé
Jean-Claude Chapuis as Musical Classes Player

Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 74% based on reviews from 18 critics, with an average rating of 6.4/10.

Steve Davis of The Austin Chronicle gave the film 3 stars out of 5, while Sandra Brennan AllMovie gives it 2 stars out of 5.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 3 stars out of 4 and stated that "By the end of the film, we have come to admire Rouan's courage as a performer and a filmmaker, in following Diane's mania as far as it will go".

References

Sources

External links

1997 drama films
Films directed by Brigitte Roüan
French drama films
1990s French-language films
Adultery in films
1990s French films
VGN TV (Canada)

VGN TV is a Canadian exempt Category B Vietnamese language specialty channel and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group.  It broadcasts programming from Viet Global Network TV (VGN TV) and local Canadian content.  Programming includes movies, music, drama, variety shows and more.

History
On September 4, 2003, Ethnic Channels Group was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called Vietnamese TV, described as "The licensee shall provide a national ethnic Category 2 specialty television service providing a programming service primarily in the Vietnamese language. Not less than 90% of all programming broadcast during the broadcast week shall be in the Vietnamese language".

The channel launched in July 2004 as SBTN on Rogers Cable.

On August 30, 2013, the CRTC approved Ethnic Channels Group's request to convert SBTN from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.

In March 2020, the channel was re-branded as VGN TV due to a change in the program supplier.

References

External links
 

Digital cable television networks in Canada
Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Vietnamese Canadian
Vietnamese-language television networks
Johan Garpenlöv

Johan Kjell Garpenlöv (born 21 March 1968) is a Swedish former ice hockey left winger and ice hockey coach. He also starred for several years in his native Sweden. He was drafted in the fifth round, 85th overall, by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft.

Career
Born in Stockholm, Garpenlöv played with Nacka HK in the second division early in his career. He next played with Djurgårdens IF club of Elitserien. He played on the Sweden men's national junior ice hockey team, competing at the European Junior Championships in 1985 and 1986, and at the IIHF World U20 Championships in 1987 and 1988, winning the bronze medal at the 1987 tournament. He also competed at the 1990 World Championships, where Sweden won a silver medal.

Garpenlöv next joined the NHL, debuting with the Detroit Red Wings in the 1990–91 season. He scored 40 points as a rookie, including a four-goal game against the St. Louis Blues on 23 November 1990.  After the NHL season, he scored four goals at the 1991 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships, where Sweden won the gold medal.

During the 1991–92 season, Garpenlöv was traded to the San Jose Sharks. Following the season, Garpenlöv was a member of Sweden's World Championship team for the second consecutive year. Garpenlöv scored 22 goals for the Sharks in the 1992–93 season. He played on a line with Sergei Makarov and Igor Larionov in the 1993–94 NHL season.

In March 1995, Garpenlöv was traded to the Florida Panthers for future considerations. He scored a personal best 23 goals in the 1995–96 season, but was injured over much of the next three seasons. In the 1999 NHL Expansion Draft, he was claimed by the Atlanta Thrashers and was a member of the club for its inaugural season in 1999–2000.

Garpenlöv left the NHL prior to the start of the  2000–01 season and returned to Sweden to play for Djurgården. He is currently a general manager of the Sweden men's national ice hockey team since the 2010–2011 season.

From the 2019–2020 season, he replaces Rikard Grönborg as head coach for the Sweden national team. On 28 October 2021, he announced he would leave that position following the 2021–2022 season.

In November 2022, Garpenlöv became head coach of Djurgårdens IF, replacing Joakim Fagervall.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links
 

1968 births
Living people
Adirondack Red Wings players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Dallas Stars scouts
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Detroit Red Wings players
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Florida Panthers players
San Jose Sharks players
Ice hockey people from Stockholm
Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Swedish ice hockey left wingers
Nacka HK players
Sweden men's national ice hockey team coaches
Swedish ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey coaches at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Djurgårdens IF Hockey coaches
HockeyAllsvenskan coaches
Boneshaker

Boneshaker can refer to:

 Boneshaker (Alton Towers), an amusement park ride in Staffordshire, England
 Boneshaker (bicycle)
 Boneshaker (novel), by Cherie Priest
 Bone Shaker, a 2006 Hot Wheels car
 Boneshaker (Catherine Britt album), by Australian singer Catherine Britt
 Boneshaker (Airbourne album), by Australian rock music ensemble Airbourne
High Live

High Live is the second live album by German power metal band Helloween, released in video and audio formats in 1996. The video was re-released on DVD in 2002 by Sanctuary Records.

Track listing

Disc one

Disc two

Credits 
 Andi Deris - Vocals
 Michael Weikath - Guitars
 Roland Grapow - Guitars
 Markus Grosskopf - Bass
 Uli Kusch - Drums

Charts

References

External links
 Album information from Helloween's official website

Helloween albums
1996 live albums
1996 video albums
Live video albums
The Best, The Rest, The Rare

The Best, The Rest, The Rare is the first compilation album by German power metal band Helloween. It was released in 1991 on the label Noise Records.

Track listing

Personnel
Michael Kiske - vocals
Kai Hansen - guitars; vocals on "Ride the Sky" and "Judas"
Michael Weikath - guitars
Markus Grosskopf - bass guitar
Ingo Schwichtenberg - drums
Alasdair Lincoln - tambourine

Reception
The album received praise from Encyclopaedia Metallum who called it "A great compilation", despite the fact that the album didn't include songs "Phantoms of Death" and "Eagle Fly Free".

Charts

References

External links
Official artist website
Official record label website

Helloween compilation albums
1991 compilation albums
Adra

Adra may refer to:

Places 
Adra, Spain, municipality in Almería (province), Andalusia
Adra Lighthouse, lighthouse in Almería
Adra, Purulia, town in the state of West Bengal, India
Adra railway station, in West Bengal
Adra, Hooghly, village in the state of West Bengal, India
Adra, Syria, town approximately 40 km north of Damascus
Adra, Estonia, village in Harku Parish, Harju County, Estonia

Other uses 
ADRA - Australian Dispute Resolution Association, a professional mediators body 
Adventist Development and Relief Agency, an agency of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
Adra (moth), a moth genus
Chevrolet Adra, a concept compact SUV by Chevrolet
Wauna, Oregon

Wauna is an unincorporated community on the Columbia River in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. According to Oregon Geographic Names, it names a Native American mythological being associated with the Columbia River. There was a post office in Wauna from January 21, 1911, to circa 1980. Wauna is best known as the home of a Georgia-Pacific paper mill.

Unincorporated communities in Clatsop County, Oregon
1911 establishments in Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Company towns in Oregon
Seiren Co.

() is a fiber manufacturing company based in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The company has two main offices: one in Tokyo and one in Fukui.

External links
 

Manufacturing companies established in 1923
Manufacturing companies of Japan
Companies based in Fukui Prefecture
Japanese companies established in 1923
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Yutani

is a Japanese surname. It literally means "hot spring valley".

Places 
 There are several hot springs named Yutani Onsen ()

Other 
 Yutani Corporation, a Japanese pneumatic tool manufacturer established in 1918.
 , a fictional megacorporation in the Alien films
 Yutani Corporation (Aliens), a predecessor military arms corporation to Weyland-Yutani, see Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
 Ms. Yutani, a character in Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem, see List of Alien vs. Predator characters
 Yutani, an unlockable character in the mobile game Subway Surfers

See also
 Japanese name

Japanese-language surnames
Lyn McClements

Lynette Velma McClements (born 11 May 1951), also known by her married name Lyn McKenzie, is an Australian butterfly swimmer of the 1960s and 1970s who won a gold medal in the 100-metre butterfly at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Coming from Perth, Western Australia, McClements was an asthmatic, who took up swimming to relieve her ailment. Originally concentrating on the freestyle and backstroke, she switched to butterfly in the mid-1960s. Only a year before the Olympics, McClements was almost ready to retire from competitive swimming, when her uncle Les McClements, a professional Australian rules football player convinced her otherwise.

In 1968, she claimed her first Australian title in the 100-metre butterfly, earning selection for the Mexico City Olympics, where she was considered an outsider for the event.

In the 4×100-metre medley relay, she combined with Lynne Watson, Judy Playfair and Janet Steinbeck to claim silver behind the United States team.  McClements had put Australia in the lead during the butterfly leg, but Steinbeck was overhauled by Susan Pedersen in the anchor freestyle leg.  McClements was said to be lacking confidence prior to the 100-metre butterfly, until the men's captain Michael Wenden pulled her aside in an attempt to coax her into believing that she could win.  She relegated the American pair of Ellie Daniel and Susan Shields into the minor medals and world record-holder Ada Kok to fourth, posting a time of 1 minute 5.5 seconds.  She later missed the final of the 200-metre butterfly.

In 1969, McClements won both the 100-metre and 200-metre butterfly titles at the Australian Championships.  However, the following year, she was disqualified after being deemed to be using an illegal stroke.  After being overlooked for selection for the 1970 Commonwealth Games, she retired.

Her daughter, Jacqueline McKenzie, represented Australia at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the 200-metre and 400-metre individual medley.

Honours 
In 1991 McClements was inducted into Sport of Australia's Hall of Fame, and in 2008 to the Swimming WA's Hall of Fame.

In 2018 she was the second inductee into Swimming WA's Hall of Legends, recognising "outstanding swimming performances at an international level... deemed to have inspired the nation and to have established the name of the athlete, their State and their country on the world stage."

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)

References

 
 

1951 births
Living people
Australian female butterfly swimmers
Swimmers from Perth, Western Australia
Swimmers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Olympic gold medalists for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportswomen from Western Australia
Olympic gold medalists in swimming
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
20th-century Australian women
21st-century Australian women
Country Girl (Primal Scream song)

"Country Girl" is a song by Scottish rock band Primal Scream. It was released as a single on 22 May 2006 and was the first single issued from the band's eighth album, Riot City Blues (2006). It became the band's highest-charting in the United Kingdom as well as their first UK top-five entry and their third top-10 single. In the band's native Scotland, the song reached number three on the Scottish Singles Chart, becoming their most successful single since "Kowalski" in 1997. "Country Girl" was released to American radio on 24 July 2006.

The song was frequently used by ITV during their coverage of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, alongside the Kasabian cover version of David Bowie's "'Heroes'" and "Valerie" by the Zutons. It also features as the theme tune of The Janice Long Review Show. "Country Girl" was covered by Irish actress Jessie Buckley for the 2019 country music drama film Wild Rose.

Music video
The girl featured in the video (played by Helena Mattsson) is inspired by Baby (played by Sheri Moon) from Rob Zombie's House of 1000 Corpses / The Devil's Rejects. The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.

Track listings
UK CD single
 "Country Girl"
 "Stone Ya to the Bone"
 "Gimme Some Truth"
 "Country Girl" (video)

UK 7-inch single
A. "Country Girl" – 4:33
B. "Gimme Some Truth" (written by John Lennon)

European CD single
 "Country Girl"
 "To Live Is to Fly" (written by Townes Van Zandt)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2006 singles
2006 songs
Columbia Records singles
Music videos directed by Jonas Åkerlund
Primal Scream songs
Songs written by Andrew Innes
Songs written by Bobby Gillespie
Songs written by Mani (musician)
Songs written by Martin Duffy (musician)
Nyamapanda

Nyamapanda (Other names: Nyamapande, Nyamapanda Customs Post) is a town in the Mashonaland East Province of northern Zimbabwe. It is a border post for crossing between Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The border post on the Mozambique side is Cochemane. Nyamapanda is at an altitude of . A dam on the Nyamapande River (Inyapandi River) just upstream from the town provides for irrigation.

Notes

Populated places in Mashonaland East Province
Luciano Tovoli

Luciano Tovoli,  (born 30 October 1936) is an Italian cinematographer and filmmaker. With a career spanning over five decades, he is considered one of Italy's premier cinematographers, collaborating with numerous acclaimed filmmakers such as Michelangelo Antonioni, Francis Veber, Dario Argento, Ettore Scola, Andrei Tarkovsky, and Julie Taymor.

Films that Tovoli has photographed include The Passenger (1975), Suspiria (1977), Titus (1999). He has been a longtime collaborator of Barbet Schroeder, having worked with the Iranian-born filmmaker's Reversal of Fortune (1990), Single White Female (1992), Before and After (1996), Murder by Numbers (2002), and Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (2008). He is a member of the American, Italian Society of Cinematographers, and an honorary member of the Swedish Society of Cinematographers and the European Federation of Cinematographers.

In 1983, Tovoli directed and cowrote Il Generale dell'armata morte based on a novel by Ismail Kadare, starring Marcello Mastroianni and Anouk Aimée.

Filmography

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

References

External links
 
 Luciano Tovoli interview: 

1936 births
Italian film directors
Italian cinematographers
Living people
David di Donatello winners
People from Massa Marittima
Mount Sill

Mount Sill is one of the fourteeners of the Sierra Nevada in California.  It is located in the Palisades, a group of prominent rock peaks with a few small glaciers on their flanks.  Mount Sill is located 0.6 miles (1 km) east of North Palisade, the high point of the group. The two peaks are connected by a high, rocky ridge, on the north side of which lies the Palisade Glacier.  Mount Sill lies on the main Sierra Crest, but is at a point where the crest turns sharply, giving it particularly striking summit views. On one side is Kings Canyon National Park and Fresno County; on the other is the John Muir Wilderness, Inyo National Forest and Inyo County.

Routes on Mount Sill are found on all sides of the peak and range in difficulty from scrambles () to a moderately technical rock climbs (class 5.7).

The mountain is called Nen-i-mish ("the Guardian of the Valley") by the indigenous Northern Paiute people. Its English name was coined, in 1904, by Joseph LeConte, a noted mountaineer, in honor of American poet Edward Rowland Sill.

See also
 List of California fourteeners
 The Palisades of the Sierra Nevada
 Mount Gayley

References

External links
 

Fourteeners of California
Mountains of Kings Canyon National Park
Mountains of the John Muir Wilderness
Mountains of Inyo County, California
Mountains of Fresno County, California
Mountains of Northern California
North American 4000 m summits
Religious places of the indigenous peoples of North America
Burton Levin

Burton Levin (September 28, 1930 – October 31, 2016) was the SIT Investment Visiting Professor of Asian Policy at Carleton College.

Life
He was born in New York City. He earned his BA in 1952 from Brooklyn College, and his MA in International Affairs at Columbia University and went on to work in the Foreign Service.  Levin served as Director of Mission in Thailand, Consul General in Hong Kong and was the United States Ambassador to Burma from 1987 to 1990.

Levin was a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institute at Stanford University, and a visiting scholar at Harvard University. After retiring from the Foreign Service, he became the head of the Hong Kong office of The Asia Society.

He also sat on the board of directors for the Mansfield Foundation, the China Fund and the Noble Group.

He died in Massachusetts on October 31, 2016.

References

External links
 PBS interview with Levin
 

School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
Harvard University staff
Hoover Institution people
Ambassadors of the United States to Myanmar
2016 deaths
Carleton College faculty
1930 births
United States Foreign Service personnel
Brooklyn College alumni
Consuls general of the United States in Hong Kong and Macau
North Calder Water

The North Calder Water is a river in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It flows for  from the Black Loch (in the Falkirk council area) via the Hillend Reservoir, Caldercruix, Plains, Airdrie, Calderbank, Carnbroe and Viewpark to the River Clyde at Daldowie, south-east of Glasgow. For the last  of its course, it forms part of the boundary between North Lanarkshire (near to Birkenshaw) and Glasgow (near to Broomhouse). The name Calder is thought to be Brythonic and to mean 'hard cold flowing' water.

In addition to Caldercruix and Calderbank settlements, the river is referenced in man-made features near its course, including Caldervale High School in Airdrie, Calderbraes Golf Club near Birkenshaw, Calderview Community Centre in Coatbridge, and the former Calderbank House and Calderpark Zoo at Broomhouse.

See also
South Calder Water, also flows through North Lanarkshire to the Clyde from near Shotts to Strathclyde Park 
Rotten Calder, flows through South Lanarkshire from near Eaglesham to Newton, its mouth on the south bank almost opposite that of the North Calder

References

Rivers of Falkirk (council area)
Rivers of North Lanarkshire
Rivers of Glasgow
River Clyde
Baillieston
Cervical rib

A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% to 0.5% (1 in 200 to 500) of the population. People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides.

Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms; cervical ribs are generally discovered incidentally, most often during x-rays and CT scans. However, they vary widely in size and shape, and in rare cases, they may cause problems such as contributing to thoracic outlet syndrome, because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib.

A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element. During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.

Diagnosis

On imaging, cervical ribs can be distinguished because their transverse processes are directed inferolaterally, whereas those of the adjacent thoracic spine are directed anterolaterally.

Associated conditions
The presence of a cervical rib can cause a form of thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery. These structures become encroached upon by the cervical rib and scalene muscles.

Compression of the brachial plexus may be identified by weakness of the muscles in the hand, near the base of the thumb. Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed by finding a positive Adson's sign on examination, where the radial pulse in the arm is lost during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. A positive Adson's sign is non-specific for the presence of a cervical rib however, as many individuals without a cervical rib will have a positive test. Compression of the sympathetic chain may cause Horner's syndrome.

Other animals
Many vertebrates, especially reptiles, have cervical ribs as a normal part of their anatomy rather than a pathological condition. Some sauropods had exceptionally long cervical ribs; those of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis were nearly 4 meters long.

In birds, the cervical ribs are small and completely fused to the vertebrae.

In mammals, the ventral parts of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are the fused-on cervical ribs.

Recent studies have also found a high percent of cervical ribs in woolly mammoths. It is believed that the decline in mammoth numbers may have forced inbreeding within the species which in turn had increased the number of mammoths being born with cervical ribs. Cervical ribs have been connected with leukaemia in human children, so it has given scientists new evidence to believe that the mammoth's extinction was attributed to the condition.

References

External links 

Supernumerary body parts
Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
Human anatomy
Scoop (website)

Scoop is a New Zealand Internet news site run by Scoop Media Limited, part of the Scoop Media Cartel.

Operational model
The website publishes many submitted news and press releases due to their permissive policy. Their website states: "If it's a press release issued in New Zealand, is legible, legal, sane, not hateful and not defamatory we will most probably publish it."

In addition to being a general news website, Scoop also contains sub-sites with specific foci: Wellington.scoop, which aggregates Wellington-specific news with editorial comment, and also Pacific.scoop which publishes Pacific-related news and is edited by Auckland University of Technology's Pacific Media Centre.

As of March 2012, the website claimed to receive 246,500 visitors and 614,500 page impressions per month. Scoop was ranked 3rd by Nielsen Net Ratings in their News Category.

History
It was established in 1999 by Andrew McNaughton, Ian Llewellyn and Alastair Thompson.

In 2003, The Guardian wrote about the graphic images from the war in Iraq that were being published on Scoop, and described Scoop as "left wing".

Involvement with the Internet Party
Alastair Thompson resigned as Scoop's chief executive and editor on 15 January 2014 after it became known that he was to be the general secretary of the Internet Party. He also resigned as an associate member of the parliamentary press gallery, whose rules forbid members from lobbying for a political party, and as a steering committee member of the Aotearoa New Zealand Foundation for Public Interest Journalism (formerly the Scoop Foundation project). His resignation as interim general secretary of the Internet Party was then announced soon after, on 24 January. By 3 February Thompson had returned to Scoop, though not as Editor, and it was announced that journalist Gordon Campbell, who writes a column on the website, had been appointed editor of Scoop. On 5 March 2014 it was announced that Thompson had been reappointed as Editor, and Campbell had become Political Editor.

Awards
Scoop has won several awards for their work as a news organisation, including three NZ Net awards in 2001, and two Computerworld awards (in 2003 and 2005). Scoop was also recognised in the Qantas Media Awards as a finalist for "Best News Site" in 2007.

References

External links
Scoop – New Zealand News

New Zealand news websites
Newspapers published in New Zealand
Internet properties established in 1999
1999 establishments in New Zealand
TOCA Race Driver 2

TOCA Race Driver 2 (DTM Race Driver 2 in Germany and V8 Supercars Australia 2 in Australia) is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for Xbox, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Mobile and PlayStation Portable. It is the fifth game in the TOCA series.

Gameplay
The career mode offers a wider selection of championships than previous games, featuring the likes of Supertruck and Rallycross in addition to the traditional touring car formats. However, not for the first time in the series, the British Touring Car Championship was not included, yet the franchise continued to license the TOCA name in the title. In addition, online play was featured heavily, with support for up to 8 players on Xbox Live.

The PC version of the game features 31 licensed and fictional global race locations offering 48 tracks. These include Hockenheimring from the German DTM series and Surfers Paradise from the Australian V8 Supercars series. The PS2 version features an additional track, Catalunya. The PlayStation 2 version also allows up to 8 PS2 on-line players, without broadband Internet service being required, too.

Two PSP conversions were released in 2005 and 2006; the first being TOCA Race Driver 2 in Europe and Japan and the second being Race Driver 2006 in the US. The game continued to use a scripted career mode as introduced in the previous Race Driver game, but dropped the Ryan McKane character. Story-developing cutscenes were played out from a first-person perspective, with other characters never addressing the user by name (similar to the storytelling method of later Need for Speed titles). The Mobile phone version was released only in the U.S. a few months later.

Reception

The game received "generally favourable reviews" on all platforms except the Australian Xbox version, which received "universal acclaim", according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of two eights, one seven and one eight for the PSP version, and two eights and two sevens for the PlayStation 2 version.

TOCA Race Driver 2 received a runner-up position in GameSpot's 2004 "Best Driving Game" award category across all platforms, losing to Burnout 3: Takedown.

See also
 Race Driver 2006
 V8 Supercars in video games

References

External links
 
 Lotus Cup UK Driver
 Lotus Cup Championship

2004 video games
Codemasters games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Racing video games
Split-screen multiplayer games
TOCA (series)
Supercars Championship
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in Austria
Video games set in California
Video games set in Colorado
Video games set in England
Sports video games set in Germany
Sports video games set in Italy
Video games set in Michigan
Video games set in the Netherlands
Video games set in New Zealand
Video games set in Scotland
Video games set in South Africa
Video games set in Spain
Video games set in Sweden
Video games set in Texas
Video games set in Wisconsin
Windows games
Xbox games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Sumo Digital games
TOCA World Touring Cars

TOCA World Touring Cars is a 2000 racing video game developed by Codemasters and published by Codemasters for PlayStation and Game Boy Advance. It is the third game in the TOCA series.

TOCA World Touring Cars features various Touring Car championships from around the world, but despite carrying the TOCA name, a fully licensed British Touring Car Championship (TOCA) series was not included. This upset a lot of fans of the series, but success continued. The gameplay overall became more "Arcade" and the replacement of qualifying laps with random grid positions together with the omission of penalties for bad driving made the game much more playable for the casual gamer. Curiously, unlike the first two titles in the TOCA series, World Touring Cars was not released in a Microsoft Windows version.

For the North American market, the game was released as Jarrett & Labonte Stock Car Racing, with the cover art featuring NASCAR drivers Jason Jarrett and Justin Labonte.

Reception

The game received "favourable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, where the PlayStation version was ported and published by Spike under the name  on 9 November 2000, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40.

The PS version was a bestseller in the UK, replacing WWF SmackDown!. In the media, once again the franchise was compared to the Gran Turismo series and TOCA was warmly received by much of the specialist press, most notably scoring 10 out of 10 in Official UK PlayStation Magazine. The detailed and smooth graphics were of particular praise, and it had "an ideal mix of driving, crashing and career progression".

The same console version was a runner-up for GameSpots annual "Best Driving Game" award among console games, losing to Test Drive Le Mans.

Notes

References

External links 

2000 video games
Cancelled Windows games
Codemasters games
Game Boy Advance games
PlayStation (console) games
TOCA (series)
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in Argentina
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in Austria
Video games set in Barcelona
Video games set in Brazil
Video games set in California
Video games set in England
Sports video games set in France
Sports video games set in Germany
Sports video games set in Italy
Sports video games set in Japan
Video games set in Mexico
Video games set in New York (state)
Video games set in Vancouver
Video games set in Wisconsin
Camargo, Spain

Camargo (Camargu, in Cantabrian) is a municipality in the province and autonomous community of Cantabria, northern Spain. Its capital is Muriedas.

Towns
 Cacicedo.
 Camargo.
 Escobedo.
 Herrera.
 Igollo.
 Maliaño.
 Muriedas (capital).
 Revilla.

References

External links
Ayuntamiento de Camargo
Camargo - Cantabria 102 Municipios

Municipalities in Cantabria
NGMA

NGMA may refer to:

 National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi, India, or one of its branches:
 National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore
 National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai
 National Grants Management Association

Or an acronym standing for "Next Generation MicroArchitecture" for CPU:
 Intel "Next Generation Microarchitecture", once a reference to Core microarchitecture
 AMD Next Generation Microarchitecture (disambiguation)
Thibaudeau v Canada

Thibaudeau v Canada, [1995] 2 SCR 627 was one of a trilogy of equality rights cases published by a divided Supreme Court of Canada in the spring of 1995. The Court held that the provisions of the Income Tax Act requiring an ex-wife to include among her taxable income amounts received from ex-husband as alimony for maintenance of children is not a violation of the ex-wife's equality rights under Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

See also
 List of gender equality lawsuits
 List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)

Notes

External links
 full text from LexUM
 case summary from mapleleafweb.com

Section Fifteen Charter case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1995 in Canadian case law
Child support
Gender discrimination lawsuits
Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy

The Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the most sportsmanlike player in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The award began in the 1969–70 season as a team trophy awarded to the league's West Division champions. It has been awarded in its present form since 1970–71 after just one season. The award is named after former NHL general manager and Hall of Famer Frank J. Selke.

Winners

External links
 QMJHL official site List of trophy winners.

Quebec Major Junior Hockey League trophies and awards
1970 establishments in Quebec
Awards established in 1970
Václav Smetáček

Václav Smetáček (30 September 1906 in Brno – 18 February 1986 in Prague) was a Czech conductor, composer, and oboist.

He studied in Prague among others with Jaroslav Křička, conducting with Metod Doležil and Pavel Dědeček, musicology, aesthetics, and philosophy at Charles University, receiving his doctorate in musicology in 1933.
He was the founder and member of the Prague Wind Quintet (1928), with whom he performed, composed and arranged compositions for it. From 1930 to 1933, he was a member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and from 1934 to 1943, he worked on Czech Radio as conductor and editor. From 1945 to 1966 he worked as a pedagogue at the Prague Conservatory and Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.

As a conductor of the Prague Symphony Orchestra, he made several innovations. He enlarged its repertoire with the music of 20th Century and larger vocal symphonic works (including those of Rejcha, Mozart, Cherubini, Dvořák, Foerster, Martinů, Orff, Kabeláč, and Fišer). From 1938, he performed abroad. He was invited later to the many important European and overseas music centres. He primarily devoted himself to the concert music, but he also studied operas. He received many awards for his creations.

His discography includes include suites from Rimsky-Korsakov's operas Le Coq d'Or and the Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh, Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Hebrides and Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt, Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 1 "Winter Daydreams", J.B. Foerster's Symphony No.4 "Velika noc", Bizet's L'Arlésienne and Chabrier's España and Dvorak's St Ludmila.

References

External links

1906 births
1986 deaths
Czech classical composers
Czech male classical composers
Czech classical oboists
Male oboists
Czech conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Prague Conservatory alumni
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Czech male musicians
Academic staff of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
William Wilder

William Henry Wilder (May 14, 1855 – September 11, 1913) was a lawyer and U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.

Biography
Wilder was born in Belfast, Maine. He moved to Gardner, Massachusetts, in 1866. He was president of Wilder Industries. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1900, and was admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court in 1909. He studied the monetary systems of Europe in 1909 and wrote many articles and pamphlets on monetary questions.

Wilder was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses and served from March 4, 1911, until his death in Washington, D.C., on September 11, 1913. He is buried at Crystal Lake Cemetery in Gardner.

See also 
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

Bibliography
Who's who in State Politics, 1912 Practical Politics  (1912) p. 29.
 
 William H. Wilder, late a representative from Massachusetts, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1915

External links

People from Gardner, Massachusetts
1855 births
1913 deaths
People from Belfast, Maine
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians
Arctic race

Arctic race can refer to:
A racial classification of people by Louis Agassiz, a 19th-century Swiss-American zoologist.
The territorial claims in the Arctic resulted in the early 21st century a series of expeditions to the Arctic area by Russia, Canada,  Denmark and the United States.
Circumpolar peoples

See also
Arctic Race of Norway

Culture of the Arctic
Fišer

Fišer (Czech feminine Fišerová) is a Czech-language transliteration of German surname Fischer. Notable people include:

 Ivana Fišer, Croatian conductor
 Luboš Fišer, Czech composer
 Lud Fiser, American athlete and coach
 Nelly Fišerová, Czech chess master
 Tereza Fišerová, Czech canoeist
 Václav Fišer, Czech athlete

 Egon Bondy - Czech author born Zbyněk Fišer

See also 
 Fischer (surname)
 Fisher (surname)

Czech-language surnames
Surnames of German origin
P. Adams Sitney

P. Adams Sitney (born August 9, 1944 in New Haven, Connecticut), is a historian of American avant-garde cinema. He is known as the author of Visionary Film, one of the first books on the history of experimental film in the United States.

Life
Sitney attended Yale University, where he received an A.B. in classics in 1967 and a Ph.D. in comparative literature in 1980. He co-founded the Anthology Film Archives in 1970 and, along with Jonas Mekas, Peter Kubelka, Ken Kelman, and James Broughton, served as one of the members of the Anthology Film Archives Essential Cinema film selection committee. He is currently Professor of Visual Arts at the Lewis Center for the Arts at Princeton University.

Sitney was a fixture at New York University's doctoral program in its new cinema studies department in 1970. Before moving to Princeton, he also taught at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. He has been a major critical leader and intellectual supporter of the New American Cinema avant-garde movement.

Four main techniques that Sitney identified for structural film are: fixed camera position; flicker effect; re-photography off the screen; and loop printing. These techniques were implemented by experimental filmmakers in the 1960s to create cinema "in which the shape of the whole film is pre-determined and simplified".

See also
Anthology Film Archives
Marjorie Keller
Jonas Mekas

References

External links
Visionary Film on Google Books
Full text of the book on Internet Archive
P. Adams Sitney on IMDb

1944 births
Living people
American film critics
Princeton University faculty
Experimental film
American film historians
Yale University alumni
The Echo (venue)

The Echo is an American music venue and nightclub, located in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The venue is also known for their punk rock shows, which attract long lines of fans.

History

The Echo opened in 2001. Prior to that, the space was used as a Latin-themed restaurant/nightclub. The front of the building still sports the original name "Nayarit."

In 2019, it was announced that Spaceland Productions, who owned and operated The Echo, The Echoplex, and other venues was sold to Live Nation Entertainment.

Notable performers

Individuals

 Beck
 Billie Eilish
 Casiotone for the Painfully Alone
 Cold Cave
 Daedelus
Dntel

Lady Sovereign
Mac Demarco
 Maria Taylor
 Nite Jewel
 John Vanderslice
 Jesse Rutherford
 St. Vincent

Groups

 Air Traffic
 The Airborne Toxic Event
 An Albatross
 Autolux
 Bad Religion 
 Band of Horses
 The Decemberists
 Deerhoof
 The Elected
 FIDLAR
 Fool's Gold
 Foster the People
 GoGoGo Airheart
 Gravy Train!!!!
 Jenny Lewis with the Watson Twins
 Lucero
 LCD Soundsystem
 I Love You but I've Chosen Darkness
 I See Hawks in L.A.
 Pixies
 Psapp
 Rancid
 Say Hi
 Spiritualized
 Thao & The Get Down Stay Down
 The Blasters
 The Rolling Stones
 The Subhumans
 The Violet Lights
 Wolf Eyes
 Yawning Man

See also

 Architecture of the United States 
 Echoplex, another Los Angeles music venue owned by the same people as The Echo
 List of buildings and structures
 Music of Los Angeles
 Spaceland, another nightclub in Los Angeles

External links
 , the venue's official website

Year of establishment missing
Music venues in Los Angeles
Echo Park, Los Angeles
Nightclubs in Los Angeles County, California
Punk rock venues