alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Leopoldo Costoli

Leopoldo Costoli (c.1850–1908) was an Italian sculptor.

He was born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He studied and worked with his father Aristodemo Costoli.

References
Mackay, James, The Dictionary of Sculptors in Bronze, Antique Collectors Club,  Woodbridge, Suffolk  1977

1850s births
1908 deaths
Sculptors from Florence
19th-century Italian sculptors
Italian male sculptors
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
19th-century Italian male artists
Grand Duchy of Tuscany people
St. Marys Bay French

St. Marys Bay French () is a dialect of Acadian French spoken around St. Marys Bay, Nova Scotia, specifically in the region of Clare, Nova Scotia.  While sharing features with other dialects of Acadian French, it differs from these and other varieties of French in its morphology and phonology, and to a lesser extent its lexicon.

Situation 
The speakers of St. Marys Bay French live mostly in Digby County, Nova Scotia, in the villages of Church Point, Comeauville, Corberie, Grosses Coques, Meteghan, St-Bernard, Rivière du Saumon, and Saulnierville.  French has been spoken by a minority in this region for some time; in 1941, the number of Acadian French speakers in Digby County numbered 9,560, out of a total of 19,472 residents.  By the mid 1970s, the number of residents of Digby County reporting their mother tongue as French was 7,730, or 38% of the population.

Comparison with other varieties of French 

The phonemic inventory of Baie Sainte-Marie French is similar to the varieties of Acadian French spoken in Yarmouth County, to the south.  However, it has idiosyncratic vowel phonemes, for example /i e o u y œ/ have various diphthongised realisations, as do several nasal vowel phonemes.

A number of these correspondences are common outside of St. Marys Bay French and even Acadian French.  A similar pronunciation of 'jamais' in part of Îles de la Madeleine occurs about as .  In the Cajun French of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana,  is often realized as .

In popular culture
Grand Dérangement's song "" (from the album Dérangé) is sung in St. Marys Bay French.

Notes

References

Acadian culture
Acadian French
Digby County, Nova Scotia
Marlene Belfort

Marlene Belfort (born 1945) is an American biochemist known for her research on the factors that interrupt genes and proteins. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been admitted to the United States National Academy of Sciences.

Education and career 
Belfort was one of the first undergraduate women to study microbiology at the University of Cape Town where she received her bachelor's degree in 1965 and an earned an honors degree in physiological chemistry in 1966. She went on to earn her Ph.D. from the University of California, Irvine in 1972 and did postdoctoral research at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem and Northwestern University. As of 2021, she is a Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Sciences at SUNY at Albany and the RNA Institute.

Research 
Belfort's early research was on a gene involved in thymidylate synthase in the bacteria Escherichia coli. and its T4 phage. She subsequently found a bacterial structural gene in this virus, which was the first example of a intron-containing prokaryotic structural gene. Prior to her research, this junk DNA was only known to occur in more complex organisms. Her research then determined that the gene of the T4 phage was processed by RNA in a mechanism known as splicing and was excised from the transcript during processing in the cell, and led to the observation that the processing of the T4 phage RNA is similar to the splicing pathway used by eukaryotes Her work subsequently showed that the introns move to different places within a bacterial genome and she was able to determine the mechanism guiding this movement of genetic material. Her most recent research also includes self-cleaving inteins, which are protein-splicing elements. Because inteins are sometimes found in essential proteins, her group is exploring whether inhibitors of intein splicing could be used as anti-fungal drugs.   Belfort has also collaborated with Joachim Frank, a 2017 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, in studying three-dimensional images of group II introns

Selected publications

Awards 
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1994)
Elected member, United States National Academy of Sciences (1999)
Excellence in Research, University of Albany (2000)
Alice C. Evans Award, American Society for Microbiology (2002)
Distinguished Professor, State University of New York (2003)
Doctor of Science (honoris causa), University of Cape Town (2019)
Mid-career Leadership Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2022)

References

External links

, December 17, 2019
The Belfort lab at the University of Albany

1945 births
American women biochemists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
University of California, Irvine alumni
University of Cape Town alumni
University at Albany, SUNY faculty
Molecular biologists
21st-century American women
Marys River (Illinois)

Marys River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in Illinois. It drains a small watershed between the Big Muddy River and the Kaskaskia River. It joins the Mississippi just southeast of Chester, near Kaskaskia. Because of its proximity to Kaskaskia — the capital of Illinois Territory and the first capital of the State of Illinois — Marys River was the site of early settlements leading into the interior of Illinois.

Marys River is approximately  in length.

Cities and counties
The following cities and towns are in the Marys River basin:
Steeleville
Sparta

Parts of the following counties are in the Mary's River basin:
Jackson County
Perry County
Randolph County

See also
List of Illinois rivers

References

External links
USGS Real-Time Stream Gage, Marys River
Prairie Rivers Network

Rivers of Illinois
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Rivers of Randolph County, Illinois
Bear Lake whitefish

The Bear Lake whitefish, Prosopium abyssicola, is a salmonid fish endemic to Bear Lake on the Utah-Idaho border. It is one of three species of Prosopium endemic to Bear Lake, the other two being the Bonneville whitefish and the Bonneville cisco. The species is listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.  Currently, Sheena Byrne, one of America's top Whitefish specialists, is specializing a research program to promote and protect the species, especially during their migratory season.

In appearance it is very similar to the closely related Bonneville whitefish P. spilonotus. Generally whitish in color, it has more of a "Roman nose" than the Bonneville whitefish, and larger scales. It never has spots, while young Bonneville whitefish (up to 10 inches) have a pattern of spots. The Bear Lake whitefish tends to be smaller as well, rarely longer than 9 inches, and with a maximum known length of 11 inches.

It is primarily an inhabitant of the deeper parts of the lake bottom, where it feeds on a variety of small invertebrates such as ostracods, copepods, and insects. It spawns from late December to early February, at depths of 50 to 100 feet.

Rarely seen near the shore, it is not often caught by hook and line.

References

 
 William F. Sigler and John W. Sigler, Fishes of the Great Basin (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1987), pp. 99–101

External links
 Utah Conservation Data Center - Bear Lake whitefish
 Utah Division of Wildlife Resources - Bear Lake
 Utah Sensitive Species List

Bear Lake whitefish
Fish of the Western United States
Freshwater fish of the United States
Natural history of Idaho
Endemic fauna of Utah
Taxa named by John Otterbein Snyder
Fish described in 1919
Hajji Baba

Hajji Baba may refer to:
Books by James Justinian Morier
Hajji Baba-ye Olya, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Hajji Baba-ye Sofla, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Hajji Baba-ye Vosta, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Isojärvi National Park

Isojärvi National Park () is a national park in Central Finland. It covers  and was established in 1982. Its scenery is fluctuating by its level and the vegetation is dominated by Scots pine and Norway spruce forests and bogs. Imprints of early human settlement and cultivation have been found in the area. The national park is located by the lake Isojärvi after which it has got its name.

There are two nature trails (marked with red paint) and several other ring trails (marked with blue paint). Most trails depart from Heretty or Kalalahti parking area. The trails vary in length and difficulty, being between 3.5 km and 20 km long. It is one of the largest parks in the region with over 30 kilometers of trails.

See also 
 List of national parks of Finland
 Protected areas of Finland

References

External links
 Outdoors.fi – Isojärvi National Park
Outinthenature.com - Exploring Isojärvi National Park

Protected areas established in 1982
Geography of Central Finland
Kuhmoinen
Tourist attractions in Central Finland Region
1982 establishments in Finland
National parks of Finland
Apple II processor cards

Apple II processor cards (or co-processor cards) were special cards that could be used to allow the Apple II to use different processors on the (otherwise) same computer hardware.  This allowed other operating systems to run on the Apple II.

Here are some processors that were available on coprocessor cards for the Apple II:
 Zilog Z80 – Microsoft SoftCard or compatibles, ran CP/M
 Intel 8088 – the AD8088 Processor Card, from ALF Products, ran CP/M-86 and MS-DOS as well as increased the speed of math functions in Applesoft BASIC. MetaCard, from Metamorphic Systems (a 1982 startup by Phil Zimmermann), ran CP/M-86, MS-DOS, and UCSD Pascal
 Motorola 6809 – The Mill, by Stellation Two, ran OS-9 Level One. AP10 by IBS running FLEX
 Motorola 68008 – mc magazine
 DEC LSI-11 – (unconfirmed)

See also
 Apple II peripheral cards

References

Processor cards
Compatibility cards
Palackal

Palackal may refer to:

Palackal Thoma ( 1780–1841), Indian Catholic priest, founder of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate
Joseph J. Palackal, Indic musicologist, singer, and composer
Bonneville whitefish

The Bonneville whitefish (Prosopium spilonotus) is a salmonid fish endemic to Bear Lake on the Utah-Idaho border. It is one of three species of Prosopium endemic to Bear Lake, the other two being the Bear Lake whitefish and the Bonneville cisco. The species is listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.

In appearance, it is very similar to the closely related Bear Lake whitefish P. abyssicola. Generally whitish in color, its nose is more tapered than that of the Bear Lake whitefish, and its scales are smaller. Younger fish, up to 10 inches (25 cm) long, have a pattern of spots which then fades. They have been reported to reach a length of 22 inches (56  cm) and an age of eight years.

It generally inhabits mid-levels of the lake, where it primarily feeds on chironomid larvae and pupae, along with a variety of insects. The fish may also move into shallower waters, particularly during the winter months. Older fish also seem to be more likely to move into shallow water than younger ones.

They spawn from mid-February through early March, over rocky or sandy areas. The female will stop to spawn, with 5-6 males in attendance, the total process lasting 5  to 15 seconds before the fish rejoin their school.

While some are caught on hook and line, they are not especially popular with anglers. A number are caught by gill nets deployed at depths of 40 to 100 feet.

References

 
 William F. Sigler and John W. Sigler, Fishes of the Great Basin (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1987), pp. 104–105

External links
 Utah Conservation Data Center - Bonneville whitefish
 Utah Division of Wildlife Resources - Bear Lake
 Utah Sensitive Species List 

Bonneville whitefish
Endemic fauna of Utah
Fish of the Western United States
Freshwater fish of the United States
Fauna of the Great Basin
Taxa named by John Otterbein Snyder
Bonneville whitefish
Kurjenrahka National Park

Kurjenrahka National Park (, ) is a national park in Southwest Finland. It was established in 1998 and covers . The area consists mainly of bog but also includes primeval forests, some of which have been unmanaged for over 150 years. The Eurasian lynx is a permanent resident of Kurjenrahka, but brown bears and gray wolves have also been observed and are known to reside in areas within or close to the park. Marked trails in the general area extend to over 300 km.

In Middle Ages the forests were jointly owned by the local parish. In early 1800s two manors bought them, but they had financially hard times and had to sell them to the state before end of the 19th century. Before selling, they logged clear all areas with easy access, but some islands in middle of mires remained unlogged.

See also 
 List of national parks of Finland
 Protected areas of Finland

References

External links
 
 
 Outdoors.fi – Kurjenrahka National Park

Protected areas established in 1998
Geography of Southwest Finland
Mynämäki
Aura, Finland
Tourist attractions in Turku
Tourist attractions in Southwest Finland
National parks of Finland
1998 establishments in Finland
KOKF

KOKF  (90.9 FM) is an Air1 affiliate worship music radio station serving the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, area and is owned by Educational Media Foundation.

History
The station went on the air with a Christian music format in October 1978. The station switched to Christian contemporary in 1985 and was one of the first in the nation to adopt this format.

The station identified itself as Hit Music Radio 91 FM, during the day, from 6a.m. to 7p.m., while playing different assortments of Christian pop, alternative, hip hop, and R&B.

During the night from 7p.m. to midnight, except Friday and Saturday nights, it played Christian rock and alternative music, and identified itself as The Alternative Edge.

On Friday and Saturday nights it played Christian techno, trance, and electronic music. On Fridays the show was known as the Friday Night Party Mixx, later the Weekend Party Mixx, then Lifted Radio. On Saturday it was known as The Weekend Party Mix with host DJ Matt Lindsey. These shows lasted from 7p.m. to midnight. Lifted Radio replayed from midnight to 5a.m. after it originally aired.

Overnights except Friday night from 12:00a.m. to 5:00 a.m. over the years featured a Christian heavy metal show known as Nitetime 91.

KOKF showcased several shows over the years during the weekend hours including Saturday Morning Raptunes, The Top-40 Countdown, All-Request Music Fest, The Weekend Jam, In The Groove, The All-Request and Dedication Show, the Sunday Shakedown, a Christian hip-hop and rap show, and a Christian indie rock show known as the Underdog Show.

Today 91 FM is no longer on the air. The station was sold in May 2006. 90.9 FM is now the home to the Air1 radio network, which is based in Rocklin, California. Air1 originally played an assortment of Christian Pop and Alternative as a continuation of 91 FM in the market.  However, in January 2019, Air1 changed its long time format of Christian Pop and Rock to Contemporary Worship music.

91 FM, its vision, ministry, and DJs were reborn into 91 Online on October 31, 2010 (on the 25th anniversary of 91FM.) Earlier that summer a board of directors was assembled to oversee and execute an online version of 91FM with the same open format, DJs and familiar programming. This online station broadcast off and on until ceasing operations in 2018.

Since 2006, another site, OKC91FM.com, has existed as a tribute site to KOKF as a local station. In early 2010, an Internet station was launched. This station, now known as Throwback91.com, plays Christian pop, rock and hip hop from the 1990s and 2000s. The internet station lasted until 2017.

Some of the former 91FM staff and programming influences still exist as of 2020 on Crossover Radio, a locally owned and operated internet station.

References

External links
 

OKF
OKF
Air1 radio stations
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
Brad Woodall

David Bradley Woodall (born June 25, 1969) is a former professional baseball pitcher. He played parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball between 1994 and 1999 for the Atlanta Braves, Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs.

Career
Woodall played college baseball for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. While at UNC in 1990, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star.

A left-hander, Atlanta signed Woodall as an amateur free agent in 1991. He made his Major League debut with the Braves on July 22, 1994, and appeared in his final game on May 5, 1999.

References

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
Atlanta Braves players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Chicago Cubs players
Idaho Falls Braves players
Durham Bulls players
Greenville Braves players
Richmond Braves players
Louisville Redbirds players
Iowa Cubs players
Long Island Ducks players
Baseball players from Atlanta
North Carolina Tar Heels baseball players
Wareham Gatemen players
1969 births
Living people
Green and Yellow TV

The Green and Yellow TV was an American pop rock band that formed in 1997 when Michael Regilio, Todd O'Keefe and Justin Rocherolle uprooted from Boston and moved to the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, where the three met bass player Io Perry. The Green and Yellow TV played South by Southwest, CMJ, and North by North West. With the money afforded them by an Atlantic Records spec deal, the band recorded their first E.P. “Scarecrow Museum.”

After "Scarecrow Museum," The Green and Yellow TV completed their first full-length record “As Performed By." British D.J. John Peel began spinning the single “The Big Red Machine." Steven Shane McDonald, formerly of Redd Kross, stepped in on bass. The new line up recorded the single “That Says it All." Released in Europe on Falsetto Records, the song was again aired by John Peel.

When McDonald left to tour with Beck, lead singer Todd O’Keefe assumed the role of bass player. O'Keefe quit the band before the release of their final record, "Sinister Barrier" in 2006.

Discography 

 Scarecrow Museum EP (1999)
 As Performed By (2000)
 Record X (2001)
 "That Says It All" (single) (2003)
 Sinister Barrier (2006)

External links 

 Myspace Page/Official Site
 Mini-Interview: The Green and Yellow TV

1997 establishments in California
Indie rock musical groups from California
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups disestablished in 2006
Musical groups established in 1997
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke



Men's 50 m Backstroke - Final

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Semifinals

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Semifinal 01

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Semifinal 02

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Heats

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Heat 01

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Heat 02

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Heat 03

Men's 50 m Backstroke - Heat 04

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Dudipatsar

Dudipatsar Lake (), also known as Dudipat Lake, is a lake encircled by snow clad peaks in Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park. The lake lies in the north end of the Kaghan Valley, in the Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in northern Pakistan.

Geography

The lake's water is greenish blue hue and very cold, at an elevation of .  The surrounding mountains, with snow patches in the shady dales, average around  in elevation. Their natural habitat is in the Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion. 

Lulusar Lake, also in the park, is the primary headwaters of the Kunhar River. Saiful Muluk National Park, with Saif ul Maluk Lake, is adjacent in the  long Kaghan Valley region and together the parks protect .

Wildlife
The lake and its wetlands habitats are of significant ecological importance for resident fauna and migratory waterfowl. Some of the park's fauna includes the snow leopard, black bear, marmot, weasel, lynx, leopard, Himalayan snowcock, and snow partridge.

Access
The 2005 Kashmir earthquake in North Pakistan made access more difficult. However, since 2006 the Pakistan government has taken steps to restore tourism in the Kaghan Valley, including rebuilding and new tourism facilities and infrastructure.

See also
Pyala Lake
Dudipatsar Trail
Babusar Pass
Kaghan Valley
List of lakes in Pakistan
List of national parks of Pakistan

References

External links 

Lakes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mansehra District
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke



Men's 100 m Backstroke - Final

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Semifinals

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Semifinal 01

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Semifinal 02

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Heats

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Heat 01

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Heat 02

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Heat 03

Men's 100 m Backstroke - Heat 04

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke



Men's 200 m Backstroke - Final

Men's 200 m Backstroke - Heats

Men's 200 m Backstroke - Heat 01

Men's 200 m Backstroke - Heat 02

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre breaststroke



Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Final

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Semifinals

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Semifinal 01

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Semifinal 02

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Heats

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Heat 01

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Heat 02

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Heat 03

Men's 50 m Breaststroke - Heat 04

References 

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke



Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Final

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Semifinals

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Semifinal 01

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Semifinal 02

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heats

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heat 01

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heat 02

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heat 03

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heat 04

Men's 100 m Breaststroke - Heat 05

References

Commonwealth Games
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Stjepan Filipović

Stjepan Filipović (27 January 1916 – 22 May 1942) was a Yugoslav communist who led the Kolubara Company of the Valjevo Partisan Detachment during the 1941 Partisan uprising. He was captured and executed in 1942 in Valjevo. A photo of him taken shortly before his execution became a symbol of resistance against fascism in the Second World War, and was, among others, exhibited in the United Nations building in New York. He was proclaimed People's Hero of Yugoslavia in 1949.

Biography

Stjepan Filipović was born on 27 January 1916 in Opuzen (modern-day Croatia) as the fifth child of Anton and Ivka Filipović. He was an ethnic Croat. The Filipović family moved throughout the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, so he lived in Županja, Mostar and Kragujevac. In Kragujevac, he studied locksmithing and mastered the basics of electrical wiring, carpentry and bookbinding. He joined the labour movement in 1937, but he was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to a year in prison. He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1940.

Filipović was commander of the Partisans' Tamnavsko-Kolubarski unit in Valjevo (modern-day Serbia) by 1941. He was captured on 24 December 1941 by Chetniks unit of Kosta Pećanac and hanged in Valjevo by a Serbian State Guard unit on 27 May 1942, aged 26. As the rope was put around his neck, Filipović raised his arms and shouted "Smrt fašizmu, sloboda narodu!" ("Death to fascism, freedom to the people!"). He urged the Yugoslav people to resist and implored them to never cease resisting. A photograph taken at this moment was widely reproduced and became a symbol of anti-fascist resistance. A statue of Filipović was cast in its likeness.

Filipović was declared a National Hero of Yugoslavia on 14 December 1949. The town of Valjevo has a statue dedicated to him, "Stevan Filipović". A monument was also erected in his home town of Opuzen in 1968, but was demolished in 1991.

His brother Šimun was shot by Germans in the Kragujevac massacre in Serbia; although he was an ethnic Croat, which could have saved him from death, he refused to say so, sharing his fate with citizens of Kragujevac. Stjepan's second brother Nikola was killed in May 1943 as a member of the 1st Proletarian Brigade.

References

External links

Narodni heroji Jugoslavije, Mladost, Belgrade, 1975.

1916 births
1942 deaths
People from Opuzen
People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia
Yugoslav Partisans members
20th-century Croatian people
Croatian communists
Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero
Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
Communists executed by Nazi Germany
People executed by Nazi Germany occupation forces
People executed by Nazi Germany by hanging
Croatian people executed by Nazi Germany
People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre breaststroke

The following tables listed the results of Men's 200 metres breaststroke competitions in the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Final

Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heats

Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 01

Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 02

Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 03

References 

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Lauhanvuori National Park

Lauhanvuori National Park () is a national park in the Southern Ostrobothnia region of Finland, on the border of Kauhajoki and Isojoki. It was established in 1982 and covers .

The park is characterized by its pine forestland, spring brooks, and swamps.

Nature

Mountain 

The Lauhanvuori mountain is a  high moraine mountain and one of the highest points in Western Finland. The summit area was uncovered 9500 BCE when the glacier retreated, and it has never been under the water. Indeed, it was an island in the middle of the Ancylus Lake.

Flora and fauna
The summit of Lauhanvuori is lusher than its surroundings due to not having been under the sea and thus having retained its loose soil and nutrients. The hillsides are barren and infertile.

Cranes and capercaillies can be heard in the bogs during summertime. The willow grouse also inhabits the bogs. The park also has a hectare of fen, where Succisa pratensis, brown beak-sedge, carnation sedge, moor rush, Scottish asphodel, and many rare mosses grow. Lauhanvuori is the southernmost habitat of the Scottish asphodel.

See also
 List of national parks of Finland
 Protected areas of Finland

References

External links
 Outdoors.fi – Lauhanvuori National Park
 

Protected areas established in 1982
Geography of South Ostrobothnia
Tourist attractions in South Ostrobothnia
1982 establishments in Finland
National parks of Finland
Joel Primack

Joel R. Primack (born July 14, 1945) is a professor of physics and astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz and is a member of the Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics.

Primack received his A.B. from Princeton University in 1966 and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1970. His fields of study are relativistic quantum field theory, cosmology, and particle astrophysics. He is also involved in supercomputer simulations of dark matter models. He directs the University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center (UC-HiPACC). Primack is best known for his co-authorship with George Blumenthal, Sandra Moore Faber, and Martin Rees of the theory of cold dark matter (CDM) in 1984. He co-authored two books with Nancy Abrams, The View from the Center of the Universe (2006) and The New Universe and the Human Future (2011). He played main roles in starting the Congressional Science and Technology Fellowship program, the Forum on Physics and Society of the American Physical Society, and the Science and Human Rights program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1970-1973. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

External links
 The Terry Lectures 2009 - Yale University - first of four lectures on cosmology by Joel Primack and Nancy Abrams.

American astronomers
Lick Observatory
University of California, Santa Cruz faculty
Stanford University alumni
Living people
1945 births
C4D

C4D may refer to:
 Complement component 4d.
 Animation Software Cinema 4D.
 Communication for Development
Marc Costanzo

Marc Francis Costanzo (born August 1, 1972) is a Canadian singer, musician, music publishing executive and the co-lead vocalist of the alternative rock group Len. Costanzo and his older sister, Sharon Costanzo, formed Len in 1991, although the group has featured a revolving lineup of touring and studio musicians since its formation. In 1999, they released their third album, You Can't Stop the Bum Rush, which went platinum in the US and featured the platinum-selling single "Steal My Sunshine".

Early life/Personal life
Born in Montreal, Costanzo moved with his family to Toronto in the early 1990s. He is of half Italian and half English descent.

Music career

Len
Costanzo and his sister formed the pop duo Len in the early 1990s, and, with various touring and studio musicians, released several albums and singles over the next few years. The group self-released two studio albums, Superstar (1995) and Get Your Legs Broke (1997), through Costanzo's label, Funtrip Records. The band's third album, You Can't Stop the Bum Rush (1999), was more hip hop oriented, and Costanzo toured using the stage name Burger Pimp. Costanzo wrote several hits over the years, including "Steal My Sunshine", which Costanzo also produced and which contains samples of "More, More, More" by Andrea True Connection. Released as a single, "Steal My Sunshine" became an international hit and was nominated for a Juno Award in 2000.

Since then, they have released two more albums: The Diary of the Madmen (2005) and It's Easy If You Try (2012). In 2012, Costanzo appeared in the last Len video, "It's My Neighbourhood", featuring scenes of Toronto.

Publishing
Over the years, Marc has been a music publishing executive and has owned several music publishing entities in the US and Canada, specializing in emerging artists and songwriters. Costanzo served as Senior Creative at EMI Music Publishing and signed a number of multi-platinum acts and writers, including Deryck Whibley from Sum 41 and Junior Sanchez.

His current venture, Inside Music Publishing, with offices in Toronto and Nashville, has interest and ownership of catalog publishing rights totaling more than 35 million albums sold.

Accolades
Costanzo has won several awards, including three MMVA awards as a music video director, two as an artist, a Billboard Music Award, and several ASCAP awards as a songwriter. He was a co-composer of the song "Reckless", which won the 2007 International Songwriting Competition.

References

1972 births
Canadian people of Italian descent
Canadian music video directors
Canadian pop singers
Canadian record producers
Living people
Singers from Montreal
Singers from Toronto
21st-century Canadian male singers
Cyrix coma bug

The Cyrix coma bug is a design flaw in Cyrix 6x86 (introduced in 1996), 6x86L, and early 6x86MX processors that allows a non-privileged program to hang the computer.

Discovery 
According to Andrew Balsa, around the time of the discovery of the F00F bug on Intel Pentium, Serguei Shtyliov from Moscow found a flaw in a Cyrix processor while developing an IDE disk driver in assembly language. Alexandr Konosevich, from Omsk, further researched the bug and coauthored an article with Uwe Post in the German technology magazine c't, calling it the "hidden CLI bug" (CLI is the instruction that disables interrupts in the x86 architecture). Balsa, as a member on the Linux kernel mailing list, confirmed that the following C program (which uses inline x86-specific assembly language) could be compiled and run by an unprivileged user:

unsigned char c[4] = {0x36, 0x78, 0x38, 0x36};
int main()
{
  asm (
  "        movl    $c, %ebx\n"
  "again:  xchgl   (%ebx), %eax\n"
  "        movl    %eax, %edx\n"
  "        jmp     again\n"
  );
}

Execution of this program renders the processor completely useless until it is rebooted, as it enters an infinite loop that cannot be interrupted. This allows any user with access to a Cyrix system with this bug to perform a denial-of-service attack.

It is similar to execution of a Halt and Catch Fire instruction, although the coma bug is not any one particular instruction.

Analysis 
What causes the bug is not an interrupt mask, nor are interrupts being explicitly disabled. Instead, an anomaly in the Cyrix's instruction pipeline prevents interrupts from being serviced for the duration of the loop; since the loop never ends, interrupts will never be serviced. The xchg instruction is atomic, meaning that other instructions are not allowed to change the state of the system while it is executed. In order to ensure this atomicity, the designers at Cyrix made the xchg uninterruptible. Due to pipelining and branch predicting, however, another xchg enters the pipeline before the previous one completes, causing a deadlock.

Workarounds 
A fix for unintentional instances of the bug is to insert another instruction in the loop, the nop instruction being a good candidate. Cyrix suggested serializing the xchg opcode, thus bypassing the pipeline. However, these techniques will not serve to prevent deliberate attacks.

One can also prevent the bug by disabling implicit bus locking normally done by xchg instruction. This is accomplished by setting bit four (mask of 0x10) in the configuration register, CCR1.

See also 
 Pentium F00F bug
 Halt and Catch Fire

Notes

External links 
 Andrew Balsa's early description of the bug
 Cx6x86 registers (and undocumented features)

Hardware bugs
Denial-of-service attacks
Evergreen Newspapers

Evergreen Newspapers Inc is a publisher of three weekly newspapers and a direct mail shopper in Evergreen, Colorado. It is owned by Landmark Community Newspapers, a subsidiary of Landmark Communications. Evergreen Newspapers also sponsors local community events including Evergreen's Big Chili Cook Off, which supports local firefighters, and Conifair, a local fair in Conifer, Colorado.

Current publications include:
The Canyon Courier, serving Bailey, Conifer, Evergreen, Genesee, Kittredge, Lookout Mountain, and Morrison;
Clear Creek Courant, serving Idaho Springs, Georgetown, and Floyd Hill along the I-70 corridor;
Columbine Courier, serving areas of Littleton, Ken Caryl, Columbine, Grant Ranch, and southwestern Jefferson County; and
the 285 Hustler, a direct mail shopper.

History
The Courier began in 1955 as Smoke Signals, a monthly bulletin published by the Indian Hills Fire Department. The paper was purchased in 1958 to begin weekly publication as the Canyon Courier. 

In 1977, Evergreen Newspapers began publishing The High Timber Times, which served Morrison, Conifer, Pine, Bailey, and the 285 corridor; it merged with the Canyon Courier in 2016. The Clear Creek Courant began publication in 1973; the Columbine Courier, in 1991.

References

Newspapers published in Colorado
Weekly newspaper companies of the United States
Companies based in Jefferson County, Colorado
FTO

FTO may refer to:

 Field training officer
 Fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F)
 Foreign Terrorist Organisation, term used in the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
 Freedom to operate
 Frontier Oil, a defunct American oil company that traded on the NYSE as FTO
 FTO, initialism used for the New South Wales Film and Television Office, former name of Screen NSW
 FTO gene, a fat mass and obesity-associated protein 
 Mitsubishi FTO, an automobile
Buckskin Mountain State Park

Buckskin Mountain State Park is a state park located near Parker, Arizona, US.  A second developed area of the park is known as the River Island Unit or River Island State Park.  Both park areas have shoreline on the Colorado River and views of the Buckskin Mountains.  The park provides camping and water recreation opportunities.

Both parks have been maintained with the assistance of members from the National Service Program: AmeriCorps NCCC.  The park hosted the most recent team in November, 2014 on their campsite & worked with the team to provide the park with general maintenance, inputting a fence, digging water retention pits & significantly cleaning up the beach areas.  The team & park rangers also began an irrigation project for the dog run that was scheduled to be finished in 2015.  Buckskin State Park & River Island State are primarily operated by volunteers with only a few park rangers split between the two parks.  Both sites are home to many different kinds of birds, insects, fish & plant life, as well as a winter haven for travelers from up North.

Fish species
 Largemouth Bass
 Striped Bass
 Bullhead
 Catfish (Channel)
 Redear Sunfish
 Green Sunfish
 Bluegill Sunfish
 Carp

References

External links
Arizona State Parks: Buckskin Mountain
Arizona State Parks: River Island

1967 establishments in Arizona
Beaches of Arizona
Parks in La Paz County, Arizona
Protected areas established in 1967
Protected areas on the Colorado River
State parks of Arizona
Intraspecific antagonism

Intraspecific antagonism means a disharmonious or antagonistic interaction between two individuals of the same species. As such, it could be a sociological term, but was actually coined by Alan Rayner and Norman Todd working at Exeter University in the late 1970s, to characterise a particular kind of zone line formed between wood-rotting fungal mycelia. Intraspecific antagonism is one of the expressions of a phenomenon known as vegetative or somatic incompatibility.

Fungal individualism

Zone lines form in wood for many reasons, including host reactions against parasitic encroachment, and inter-specific interactions, but the lines observed by Rayner and Todd when transversely-cut sections of brown-rotted birch tree trunk or branch were incubated in plastic bags appeared to be due to a reaction between different individuals of the same species of fungus.

This was a startling inference at a time when the prevailing orthodoxy within the mycological community was that of the "unit mycelium". This was the theory that when two different individuals of the same species of basidiomycete wood rotting fungi grew and met within the substratum, they fused, cooperated, and shared nuclei freely. Rayner and Todd's insight was that basidiomycete fungi individuals do, in most "adult" or dikaryotic cases anyway, retain their individuality.

A small stable of postgraduate and postdoctoral students helped elucidate the mechanisms underlying these intermycelial interactions, at Exeter University (Todd) and the University of Bath (Rayner), over the next few years.

Applications of intraspecific antagonism

 Although the attribution of individual status to the mycelia confined by intraspecific zone lines is a comparatively new idea, zone lines themselves have been known since time immemorial. The term spalting is applied by woodworkers to wood showing strongly-figured zone lines, particularly those cases where the area of "no-man's land" between two antagonistic conspecific mycelia is colonised by another species of fungus. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes, with their dark-coloured mycelia, produce particularly attractive black zone lines when they colonise the areas occupied by two antagonistic basidiomycete individuals. Spalted wood can be difficult to work, since different individual wood-rotting fungi have different decay efficiencies, and thus produce zones of different softness, and the zone lines themselves are usually unrotted and hard.

Instraspecific antagonism can also sometimes be of assistance in quickly recognising the membership of clones in those fungi, particularly root-rots such as Armillarea where individual mycelia may colonise large areas, or more than one tree.

It is even the subject of a recent patent.

References

Mycology
Fungal morphology and anatomy
Wood
Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas National Park

Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas National Park () is a national park in the municipalities of Kauhajoki and Karvia in the Southern Ostrobothnia and Satakunta regions of Finland. Established in 1982, the park covers . It consists of swamp areas, mainly bogs such as the  Kauhaneva bog, scattered around it.

In 2004, the park was included in the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance. It is also part of the Natura 2000 network of protected areas.

Geography

The Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas area is part of the south-western region of the Suomenselkä watershed area. The soil is mostly turf and the bedrock is composed of porphyric granite.

The northern parts of Kauhaneva are  above sea level. The southern and western parts are approximately  above sea level.

See also 
 List of national parks of Finland
 Protected areas of Finland

References

External links
 
 Outdoors.fi – Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas National Park

Protected areas established in 1982
Ramsar sites in Finland
Geography of South Ostrobothnia
Geography of Satakunta
Tourist attractions in South Ostrobothnia
Tourist attractions in Satakunta
1982 establishments in Finland
National parks of Finland
Same gender loving

Same-gender-loving, or SGL, a term coined for African American and African Diaspora use by activist Cleo Manago, is a description for homosexuals in the African American community. It emerged in the early 1990s as a culturally affirming African American homosexual identity.

SGL was adapted as an Afrocentric alternative to what are deemed Eurocentric homosexual identities (e.g. gay and lesbian) which do not culturally affirm or engage the history and cultures of people of African descent. The term SGL usually has broad, important and positive personal, social, and political purposes and consequences. SGL has been described as "an anti-hate and anti-anti-Black identity [...] movement, philosophy and framework".

In a 2004 study of African American men, most of whom were recruited from black gay organizations, 12% identified as same-gender-loving, while 53% identified as gay. Men attending Black Gay Pride Festivals in nine U.S. cities in 2000 responded similarly, with 10% identifying as same-gender-loving, 66% as gay, and 14% as bisexual. Recent studies indicate that African-American disadvantaged youths are less likely than Euro-American youths to self-label as gay male, lesbian, or transgender youths.

The National Black Men's Xchange is the oldest and largest US "community-based movement devoted to promoting healthy self-concept and behavior, cultural affirmation and critical consciousness among same-gender loving (SGL), gay-identifying and bisexual African-descended males and allies".

See also

 African-American culture and sexual orientation
Same-sex attraction

References

Afrocentrism
LGBT African-American culture
LGBT terminology
Sexual orientation
1990s neologisms
Dick Mountjoy

Richard L. Mountjoy (January 13, 1932 – May 18, 2015) was an American Republican politician from Monrovia, California.

Personal life
Mountjoy was born in Los Angeles, California and graduated from Monrovia-Arcadia-Duarte High School in 1950. He joined the US Navy and served oversea during the Korean War. After his navy service he worked briefly as an auto mechanic. Then did  construction work with his brother Gordon, the two later started the Mountjoy Construction Company.  He was married to Earline Winnett until her death in 2009. He has two sons, Michael and Dennis Lee, and one daughter, Judy. Dennis was a member of the California State Assembly, having represented his father's old district from 2000 to 2006. Dick is Life Member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Political career
Mountjoy served as the mayor of Monrovia from 1968 to 1976. He served in the California State Assembly for the 61st, 42nd, and 59th district from 1978 to 1995. From 1982 to 1984 he served as the California Assembly Republican Caucus Chair. While there he introduced California Proposition 187, which denied government services to illegal immigrants. He served in the California State Senate from 1994 to 2000 in California's 29th State Senate district. His political platform fit with that of the conservative wing of the Republican Party: he was anti-abortion, opposed same-sex marriage, and supported both the war in Iraq and possible military intervention in Iran.

On September 22, 2006, the Los Angeles Times reported that a statement in his website's biography, that he served in the Korean War aboard the USS Missouri, was incorrect; ship records later confirmed that he actually served aboard the USS Bremerton. Mountjoy said, "I think it was just something that somebody picked up, it didn’t come from me." However, Feinstein's campaign opined that the error raised enough doubts about Mountjoy’s credibility that Mountjoy was "not qualified to serve the people of California."

Mountjoy was defeated by incumbent U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein by a wide margin (59-35 percent) in the general election held on November 7, 2006.

He died on May 18, 2015, aged 83.

References

External links
Dick Mountjoy on Joincalifornia.com
OnTheIssues

Mayors of places in California
Republican Party California state senators
Republican Party members of the California State Assembly
1932 births
2015 deaths
People from Monrovia, California
Politicians from Los Angeles
Activists from California
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Red-Letter Christians

Red-Letter Christians is a non-denominational movement within Evangelical Christianity. "Red-Letter" refers to New Testament verses and parts of verses printed in red ink, to indicate the words attributed to Jesus without the use of quotations.

History
The organization was founded by Tony Campolo and Shane Claiborne in 2007 with the aim of bringing together evangelicals who believe in the importance of insisting on issues of social justice mentioned by Jesus (in red in some translations of the Bible). They believe Christians should be paying attention to Jesus' words and example by promoting biblical values such as social justice issues. These issues include the fight against poverty, the defense of peace, building strong families, respecting human rights and welcoming foreigners.

In 2019, it opened a chapter in the UK.

In 2020, the organization had 120 social organizations and partner churches in the United States, the United Kingdom and Chile.

See also

References

External links
 
 Official podcast

Christian theological movements
Christian ethics
Christian terminology
Evangelical movement
Wakato Bridge

The , is a suspension bridge in Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan. The bridge opened on September 26, 1962, and it spans a length of two kilometers and has a main span of 367 meters. The name of the bridge comes from the characters of the Kitakyūshū wards of Wakamatsu (若松) and Tobata (戸畑) that the bridge connects across Dokai Bay.

History

The bridge passed into the control of Kitakyūshū on September 30, 2005.

Wakato Ferry
  The Wakato ferry existed before the bridge was built; it has been retained by the city for pedestrians and cyclists, as the bridge is nowadays reserved for motor vehicle traffic only, since a large number of suicides has occurred from its deck. The three-minute journey costs 100 yen each way for adults, and 50 yen for children and older people. Bicycles can be transported for an additional 100 yen.

In Popular Culture
The space monster Dogora, lifted and destroyed the bridge in the 1964 Toho dai Kaiju movie Space Monster Dogora.

References

Suspension bridges in Japan
Bridges completed in 1962
Jesse Stagg

Jesse Stagg is a creative director, writer and producer.

See also 
Cartoon Network - What A Cartoon!
Batman Beyond

External links
Vice: World Unknown: South African Acid House
History of South African Dance Culture
Iraq War Billboard Statement - LA Times

1970 births
Advertising directors
American art directors
Living people