alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Port Egmont

Port Egmont (Spanish: Puerto de la Cruzada; French: Poil de la Croisade) was the first British settlement in the Falkland Islands, on Saunders Island off West Falkland, and is named after John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time of its founding.

Toponym
The original name for the settlement was Jason's Town and the term Port Egmont referred to the body of water encompassed by Saunders Island, Keppel Island and the main island of West Falkland.  Fort George was the small garrison established nearby. The details of the settlement are included on a map drawn by Carrington Bowles and first published in 1770; only one known copy remains.

History

Port Egmont was established in on 25 January 1765, by an expedition led by Commodore John Byron consisting of the boats ,  and HMS Florida. The expedition left a watering place and a vegetable garden.

Another expedition arrived around a year later in January 1766, led by Captain John MacBride, with the ships ,  and HMS Experiment after which Carcass Island and the Jason Islands are named. This was to secure possession, and McBride ordered one of the ships to stay at Port Egmont, and develop the settlement, resulting in several permanent buildings and a garrison. MacBride, in command of HMS Jason, carried out the first hydrographic survey of the Falklands in 1766 and discovered a number of minor islands including Weddell, Beaver and New Islands off the southwest extremity of the archipelago. The chart based on that survey was one of the most accurate for its time. MacBride also made the first systematic meteorological observations in the Falklands. In January and February the thermometer at Port Egmont rose to , but no higher; in August, it once fell to , but was seldom lower than .

The next few years resulted in conflicting claims with the French and Spanish, with the British using Port Egmont as a basis for their claim. In early 1770 Spanish commander Don Juan Ignacio de Madariaga briefly visited Port Egmont. He returned from Argentina on 10 June with five armed ships and 1400 soldiers forcing the British to leave Port Egmont. 

In 1771, after threats of war with Spain, the colony was re-established by Captain John Stott with the ships , HMS Hound and HMS Florida, the latter being at the founding of the original settlement. The port became an important stop for ships going around Cape Horn

In 1774, Britain abandoned many of its overseas garrisons for economic reasons and Port Egmont was no exception due to the result of the American Revolution. In 1776, the British forces left leaving a lead plate stating that the island was still a British possession.  The colony was immediately taken over by sealers but in 1780 the buildings were destroyed under orders from Spanish authorities.

See also
 Port Saint Louis, the first settlement on the islands (by French colonists)

Notes

External links

 Falkland History
 Samuel Johnson on Port Egmont

Populated places in the Falkland Islands
Populated places established in 1765
History of the Falkland Islands
1765 establishments in the British Empire
1765 establishments in the Falkland Islands
HMS Amphion (1780)

HMS Amphion was a Royal Navy 32-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Amazon class built in Chatham in 1780 which blew up on 22 September 1796.

Service
On 6 September 1781, a small squadron under the command of Amphions captain, John Bazely, in conjunction with General Benedict Arnold, completely destroyed the town of New London, Connecticut, together with stores and shipping in the harbour.

On 3 January 1782 Amphion recaptured the British sloop , which the French had captured at the capitulation of Yorktown on 19 October 1781.

Sinking
On 22 September 1796, Amphion was completing repairs at Plymouth, England. She was lying alongside a sheer hulk close to the dockyard jetty. Being due to sail the next day, she had more than a hundred relatives and visitors on board in addition to her crew.

At about 4 p.m. she exploded without warning, killing 300 out of the 312 aboard. Among the few survivors was her captain, Israel Pellew, who went on to command a ship at the Battle of Trafalgar and ended the Napoleonic Wars as a Rear-Admiral. Pellew had been dining in his cabin with Captain Swaffield of Overyssel and the first lieutenant of Amphion when the explosion threw them about; Pellew managed to rush to the cabin window before a second explosion blew him into the water, whence he was rescued.

Apart from Pellew, two lieutenants, a boatswain, three or four seamen, a marine, one woman, and a child were the only survivors.

The cause of the disaster was never fully proven, but it was thought that the ship's gunner had accidentally spilled gunpowder near the fore magazine which had then accidentally ignited and set off the magazine itself. The gunner had been suspected of stealing gunpowder, and on the day of the disaster he was reported to have been drunk and probably as a result less careful than usual.

Citations

References

External links
 

Frigates of the Royal Navy
Shipwrecks of England
Maritime incidents in 1796
Ships built in Chatham
1780 ships
National Standards Authority of Ireland

The National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) member body for the Republic of Ireland. The NSAI is also a member of the European Organisation for Technical Approvals.

The NSAI was established by the National Standards Authority of Ireland Act, 1996. In 1946 standards functions were the responsibility of Institute for Industrial Research and Standards, in 1988 they passed to Eolas — The Irish Science and Technology Agency, and in 1994 passed to Forfás before passing to the NSAI.

As Ireland's official standards body, the NSAI aims to inspire consumer confidence and protect industry interests through setting standards and issuing certification in the quality and safety of goods and services. The NSAI benchmarks these standards against international best practice and is therefore a key facilitator of fair trade both in Ireland and in global markets.

The NSAI provides knowledge-based services and technical support to the Irish Government, consumers and industry, through:
Consultation on standards to assist manufacturers and suppliers in meeting safety and consumer requirements;
Independent certification of products, processes and services;
Certification specific to the construction industry, known as ‘agrément’;
Regulatory control in the area of measures, or metrology;
Maintenance and development of the national measurement standards.

As well as domestic activities, the NSAI also represents Ireland in European and international standards bodies, whose aim is to harmonise standards and remove technical barriers to trade.

References

External links 
 

Ireland
Standards organisations in the Republic of Ireland
Carbonear Island

Carbonear Island or "Stoners Island" as one may call it is a small uninhabited island on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada. It is located at the mouth of Carbonear harbour. It became a strategic haven for the British settlers of Carbonear fending off the raids by the French and became known for a time as the "Gibraltar of Newfoundland".

While there is some evidence that the island may have at some time been occupied by First Nations people, the first documented reference to Carbonear Island was by Thomas Oxford of St. John's in 1679 when he requested that a fortress be erected on the island. In 1696 when Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville had raided most of the settlements in Conception Bay and Trinity Bay, the residents of Carbonear and surrounding towns took refuge on the Island. During the Battle of Carbonear the abandoned town was burned but, thanks partially to fortifications they had erected with their own funds, the earth works walls of which are still evident, the residents were successful in defending the island from capture.

The second major attack came in 1705 led by Daniel d'Auger de Subercase. After failing an attack on St. John's, he moved on to destroy every town in Conception and Trinity Bays, with the exception of Carbonear Island. A period of almose sixty years of peace followed, but finally, for a brief period in the summer of 1762, the island was attacked and fell under the control of Count Joseph Louis Bernard de Clairons d'Haussonville, the fortifications burned and abandoned. The English quickly recovered the area and realized the need to develop their fortifications there. Carbonear Island continued to be an important refuge for settlers in the region during subsequent attacks from the French and later by American privateers until the early 19th century.

In 1878, a lighthouse and residence for year-round occupancy was erected on the northeast end of Carbonear Island and was maintained until c. 1928, when the lighthouse was staffed mainly by the Forward families. Subsequently, an automated light station was installed which is still in use. The Island is now a protected bird sanctuary sheltering various breeds of birds, including the bald eagle.

The Carbonear Islands' military importance was recognized in 1954, when they were designated a site of national significance, and in 1981, when they were declared a site of a nationally historic event. The first of a series of excavations began on the island in 2010 to learn more about its role in protecting British North America, and approximately 1300 artifacts were found in the first summer's dig.

Demographics

External links
 Town of Carbonear website
 www.islandchartertours.com

References

Uninhabited islands of Newfoundland and Labrador
Heather Mitchell

Heather Lee Mitchell  (born 1958) is an Australian actress, appearing in Australian productions of stage, television and film. She is a graduate of NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Art). She is best known for her leading role in the 1990s television show Spellbinder.

Career

Television
Mitchell is, internationally, well known for her performance as Ashka in the Australian/Polish co-productions of Spellbinder (1995), and Spellbinder: Land of the Dragon Lord (1997). The series was a popular children's fantasy program first broadcast in 1995.

Other television series include: the miniseries Bodyline (1984), Land of Hope (1986), Embassy (1992) and A Country Practice. In 1998, she starred in the miniseries drama The Day of the Roses, in which she played a victim of the 1977 Granville rail disaster. She has also appeared in episodes of Five Mile Creek (1984), Rake (2010), Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries (2013), and Ms Fisher's Modern Murder Mysteries (2019). In 2021, she played Birdie in The Unusual Suspects.

Stage
Mitchell is a foundation director and board member of the Sydney Theatre Company (STC). She first appeared at the STC in 1981 performing scenes of Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 with Andrew Tighe for a workshop. She has since appeared in dozens of productions for several Australian theatre companies and has contributed to Terence Crawford's 2005 book Trade Secrets: Australian Actors and Their Craft.

Personal life
 Mitchell met cinematographer Martin McGrath in 1989, they were engaged in the following year and married in February 1992. The couple have two adult children and reside in Sydney.

Mitchell was made a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Australia Day Honours for "significant service to the performing arts, and to the community."

Theatre

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations
Mitchell won the Sydney Theatre Award for best performer in a leading role in a mainstage production for her portrayal of Ruth Bader Ginsberg in RBG: Of Many, One.

Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards

Publications 
Heather Mitchell (2023) Everything and Nothing

References

External links
 
 
 "Heather Mitchell" by Melanie Tait, One Plus One, 3 October 2019, ABC News

Australian stage actresses
Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
Living people
1958 births
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Helpmann Award winners
Members of the Order of Australia
Maya the Bee
Brandywine High School

Brandywine High School is a public secondary school located near Talleys Corner in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware, with a Wilmington postal address. Although the school is not within the Wilmington city limits, it does serve some parts of the city north of the Brandywine River. It is a part of the Brandywine School District.

There were 940 students enrolled in the fall for the 2020–2021 school year. Rebecca Reggio is the current principal of Brandywine High School.

History 
Brandywine High School was established in 1958. Its building was designed by Wilmington architects Whiteside, Moeckel & Carbonell in the International Style and completed in 1959.

Athletics 
Brandywine is a member of the Delaware Interscholastic Athletic Association (DIAA). The Bulldogs compete in Flight B of the Blue Hen Conference with a full slate of teams in all three sports seasons:
 
Brandywine's sports include: cross country, field hockey, football, soccer, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, swimming, wrestling, cheerleading, indoor track, baseball, softball, golf, lacrosse, tennis, and track and field.

Recognitions 
In 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked Brandywine #5,392 out of almost 24,000 public schools across the United States and Niche ranked it in the top 50% best public schools for athletes in New Castle County.

The school was recognized by the Blue Ribbon Schools Program for the 1982–1983 school year.

Appearances in media
First lady Jill Biden spoke from the classroom in which she formerly taught at the school (room 232) for her remote address to the 2020 Democratic National Convention. Biden's husband Joe Biden was in the high school at the moment he formally was nominated for president during the convention.

Notable alumni 

Dexter Boney, former basketball player in the National Basketball Association and Continental Basketball Association
Dennis Brockenborough, trumpet player for the Mighty Mighty Bosstones from 1990 to 2000
John Gallagher Jr., Tony Award-winning actor best known for Spring Awakening
Joan Goodfellow, film, television, and stage actress; mezzo-soprano
Sean Patrick Thomas, actor
George Thorogood, musician known for hits such as "Bad to the Bone"
Christopher Voigt, synthetic biology pioneer and MIT professor
Ben Warheit, Emmy-nominated actor, comedian, and writer, Late Night with Seth Meyers

Notable faculty
Jill Biden, Second lady of the United States 2009–2017, first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) 2021–present

References

External links
 Brandywine High School website
 Video clips of Brandywine Music and Drama performances

High schools in New Castle County, Delaware
Public high schools in Delaware
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in Delaware
Brandywine School District
Lloyd Saunders Memorial Trophy

The Lloyd Saunders Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the top executive in the Western Hockey League. It is named for former broadcaster Lloyd Saunders.

Winners

See also
OHL Executive of the Year
John Horman Trophy - Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Executive of the Year

References

Western Hockey League trophies and awards
Rick Neufeld

Rick Neufeld is a Canadian folk singer. Neufeld was born in Deloraine, Manitoba and raised near Boissevain. Neufeld attended Mennonite Collegiate Institute in Gretna before moving to Winnipeg to attend the University of Manitoba, where he met Paul Simon. Neufeld initially played coffeehouses throughout Canada and the United States before he got his own CBC Television show, The Songsingers. He released a number of albums, including Hiway Child in 1971, Prairie Dog in 1975 and Manitoba Songs in 1978.  He was most successful as a songwriter, and his song "Moody Manitoba Morning" became a hit for The Bells.

The album Prairie Dog featured The Guess Who members Burton Cummings, Bill Wallace, and Gary Peterson as well as Terry Bush backing Neufeld.

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Canadian country singer-songwriters
Canadian folk singer-songwriters
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Living people
People from Boissevain, Manitoba
Musicians from Manitoba
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian Mennonites
Mennonite musicians
HMS Boyne (1790)

HMS Boyne was a 98-gun Royal Navy second-rate ship of the line launched on 27 July 1790 at Woolwich. She was the flagship of Vice Admiral John Jervis in 1794. She caught fire and blew up in 1795.

Invasion of Guadeloupe
In 1793, Boyne set sail on 24 November for the West Indies, carrying Lieutenant-general Sir Charles Grey and Vice-admiral Sir John Jervis for an invasion of Guadeloupe. On the way, Yellow fever ravaged the crew. Still, the British managed to get the French to surrender at Fort St. Charles in Guadeloupe on 21 April of the following year. The capture of Fort St. Charles, the batteries, and the town of Basse-Terre cost the British army two men killed, four wounded, and five missing; the navy had no casualties.

Fate

Boyne caught fire and blew up on 1 May 1795 at Spithead.  She was lying at anchor while the Royal Marines of the vessel were practising firing exercises. It is supposed that the funnel of the wardroom stove, which passed through the decks, set fire to papers in the Admiral's cabin. The fire was only discovered when flames burst through the poop, by which time it was too late to do anything. The fire spread rapidly and she was aflame from one end to the other within half an hour.

As soon as the fleet noticed the fire, other vessels sent boats to render assistance. As a result, the death toll on Boyne was only eleven men. At the same time, the signal was made for the vessels most at danger from the fire to get under way. Although the tide and wind were not favourable, all the vessels in any danger were able to escape to St Helens.

Because the guns were always left loaded, the cannons began to 'cook off', firing shots at potential rescuers making their way to the ship, resulting in the deaths of two seamen and the injury of another aboard , anchored nearby. Later in the day, the fire burnt the cables and Boyne drifted eastward till she grounded on the east end of the Spit, opposite Southsea Castle. There she blew up soon after.

Post-script
The wreck presented something of a hazard to a navigation and as a result it was blown up on 30 August 1838 in a clearance attempt, and yet again a final attempt on 24 June 1840.

Today the Boyne buoy marks the site of the explosion. A few metal artefacts from the ship remain atop a mound of shingle.

Citations

References

 
Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

External links 
 

Boyne-class ships of the line (1790)
Ship fires
Maritime incidents in 1795
1790 ships
Ships sunk by non-combat internal explosions
Steve Jenkins

Stephen Robert Jenkins (born 16 July 1972) is a former Wales international footballer and the current Barry Town manager. A full back as a player, he won 16 Welsh caps between 1995 and 2001.

He began his career at Swansea, where he was a part of the team that won the 1994 Football League Trophy Final after a penalty shootout. After a seven-year spell at Huddersfield Town, in which he became not only the captain but a well established fans' favourite, Jenkins signed for Swindon Town in 2005, but after Swindon's relegation to League Two and the appointment of Dennis Wise as manager, Jenkins' offer of a new deal at the County Ground was withdrawn and he was released. He spent three years playing for and latterly coaching Newport County, before joining Llanelli as player/assistant manager to Andy Legg in May 2009.

In June 2013 Jenkins was appointed manager of Monmouth Town.

On 20 March 2014 Jenkins was appointed assistant manager to Peter Beadle at Hereford United. Hereford ended the 2013–14 season in 20th place, finishing above the relegation zone on goal difference after beating Aldershot Town on the final day of the season.

On 23 May 2014, Jenkins was appointed as manager of his home town club Merthyr Town.

On 30 May 2016, Jenkins was confirmed as Hereford's assistant manager. He left the role on 13 September 2018.

On 4 September 2020, Jenkins joined Barnet, once again as assistant to Beadle. He left the club on 18 December, shortly after Beadle's departure.

On 5 August 2023, one week before the start of the 2023-24 Cymru Premier season, Jenkins was confirmed as the new manager of promoted Barry Town, replacing the departed Lee Kendall.

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Merthyr Tydfil
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Llanelli Town A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Welsh football managers
Merthyr Town F.C. managers
Barnet F.C. non-playing staff
Barry Town United F.C. managers
Merindad

() is a Mediaeval Spanish administrative term for a country subdivision smaller than a province but larger than a municipality.  The officer in charge of a merindad was called a merino, roughly equivalent to the English count or bailiff.

It was used in the kingdoms of Castile and Navarre.
Connected to the birth of Castile, the Merindades, standing for a northernmost comarca of the province of Burgos, was part of the creation of the administrative division by King Peter.

Currently, the Foral Community of Navarre is still divided into five merindades standing for different judicial districts. The historic Merindad de Ultrapuertos lying to the north of the Pyrenees is nowadays Lower Navarre. 

Administratively, they have been substituted by the partido judicial.
In Biscay, the mancomunidades comarcales keep the place of the old merindades, such as Duranguesado.

See also
 Partidos of Buenos Aires, a second-level administrative subdivision
 Partidos of Chile in Colonial Chile, a second-level administrative subdivision

Spanish words and phrases
Types of administrative division
Samuel M. Spencer

Samuel Mahuka Spencer (18 Jul 1874–28 Feb  1960) was a Hawaii island politician.

Spencer was born in the area in 1875, and died on February 28, 1960.
He was named for Samual Mahuka who was a judge in the area from 1893 to 1901.
He served as the chairman and executive officer of the Hawaii County Board of Supervisors 1924–1944, and some minor offices in the Territory of Hawaii.

Park
In 2003 the park was renamed to include the original name of the beach, Ōhai ula.
The beach could have been named for the red Sesbania tomentosa trees that originally grew in the area,
or the royal poinciana tree Delonix regia.

The Samuel M. Spencer Beach Park in the Kohala area of the Big Island of Hawaii is a favorite camping and snorkeling location. On July 18, 1935 Spencer planted one of the banyan trees lining the "Hilo Walk of Fame" on Banyan Drive. As county chairman Spencer was responsible for some of the access improvements to the Waipio Valley. Some refer to him as a former postmaster in the area, but no record exists. Sources claiming the post office for Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii is called "Kamuela", the equivalent of Samuel in the Hawaiian language for Spencer lack a primary source.
The beach is a terminus for a segment of the Southern Cross Cable, the major submarine communications cable connecting to the island.

References

External links
 

1870s births
1960 deaths
Territory of Hawaii officials
Kamehameha Schools alumni
Beaches of Hawaii (island)
Four Heavenly Kings (disambiguation)

The Four Heavenly Kings are the Buddhist protective deities.

Four Heavenly Kings may also refer to:

Groups of four people
 Shitennō (Minamoto clan), 四天王, retainers of Minamoto no Yorimitsu
 Shitennō (Tokugawa clan), 徳川四天王, Japanese generals
 Four Heavenly Kings (Hong Kong), namely Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau, Leon Lai and Aaron Kwok
 Four Heavenly Kings (Taiwan), four Buddhists masters who founded prominent Buddhist organizations in Taiwan
 Kōdōkan Shitennō, 講道館四天王, notable judo competitors of the early Kōdōkan
 Mitsuharu Misawa, Kenta Kobashi, Toshiaki Kawada and Akira Taue, famous professional wrestlers from All Japan Pro Wrestling

Groups of four fictional characters
 Shitennō, from the manga Sailor Moon
 Shitennō (The Four Generals of Mutsu), the four leaders of a large dog pack in the manga Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin
 The Four Heavenly Kings or Grand Masters of Shadaloo in the Street Fighter video game series
 The Elite Four, literally translated as Four Heavenly Kings, any of various teams of four Pokémon trainers in the Pokémon meta-series
 The Big Four, sometimes translated as the Four Heavenly Kings from the manga Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo
 The Four Heavenly Kings / Four Guardians of Neo Arcadia from the Mega Man Zero series
 The Four Heavenly Kings, in Ultraman Mebius, an association composed of 4 of the franchise's most powerful aliens
 The Four Heavenly Kings of Orochi from The King of Fighters
 Four Heavenly Kings is a group of four powerful Bishoku-ya in the manga Toriko
 The Elite Four, officially translated into English from Shitennō, from the anime Kill la Kill
 In Gintama, 3 different groups of people are called "the Four Heavenly Kings" (Shitennō);
 The overlords of Kabukichō (yakuza, gambling and other activities): Doromizu Jirochou, Saigou Tokumori, Kada and Otose.
 The young leaders of the last generation of Jouishishi rebels: Sakata Gintoki, Katsura Kotarou, Takasugi Shinsuke and Sakamoto Tatsuma.
 The most skilled retainers of the Yagyuu clan: Toujou Ayumu and 3 minor characters (Kitaooji Itsuki, Nishino Tsukamu and Minamito Sui).
 Mazoku Shitennō, known as the Spice Boys in English, a collective of antagonists in the anime Dragon Ball Z.
 The Four Heavenly Kings are also represented in the anime and manga Toriko. Toriko and his three friends Coco, Sunny and Zebra are known as the "Four Gourmet Kings". They also have each have one of the five superhuman senses which Toriko has smell, Coco has sight, Sunny has touch, and Zebra has hearing.

Films
 The Heavenly Kings, a 2006 film directed by Daniel Wu
 Detective Dee: The Four Heavenly Kings, a 2018 film directed by Tsui Hark

See also
 The Heavenly King (disambiguation)

.
Photomedicine

Photomedicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that involves the study and application of light with respect to health and disease. Photomedicine may be related to the practice of various fields of medicine including dermatology, surgery, interventional radiology, optical diagnostics, cardiology, circadian rhythm sleep disorders and oncology.

A branch of photomedicine is light therapy in which bright light strikes the retinae of the eyes, used to treat circadian rhythm disorders and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).  The light can be sunlight or from a light box emitting white or blue (blue/green) light.

Examples

Photomedicine is used as a treatment for many different conditions:
 PUVA for the treatment of psoriasis
 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of cancer and macular degeneration -  Nontoxic light-sensitive compounds are targeted to malignant or other diseased cells, then exposed selectively to light, whereupon they become toxic and destroy these cells phototoxicity. One dermatological example of PDT is the targeting malignant cells by bonding the light-sensitive compounds to antibodies to these cells; light exposure at particular wavelengths mediates release of free radicals or other photosensitizing agents, destroying the targeted cells.
 Treating circadian rhythm disorders
 Alopecia, pattern hair loss, etc.
 Free electron laser
 Laser hair removal
 IPL
 Photobiomodulation
 Optical diagnostics, for example optical coherence tomography of coronary plaques using infrared light
 Confocal microscopy and fluorescence microscopy of in vivo tissue
 Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform for in vivo quantification of pigments (normal and cancerous), and hemoglobin
 Perpendicular-polarized flash photography and fluorescence photography of the skin

See also
 Blood irradiation therapy
 Aesthetic medicine
 Laser hair removal
 Laser medicine
 Rox Anderson

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 Rünger, Thomas M. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine Wiley. Online .

External links
 Article: Role of Photomedicine in Gynecological Ontology

Medical physics
Laser medicine
Light therapy
Alms (disambiguation)

Alms or ALMS may refer to:

Alms, charitable giving
 The American Le Mans Series, an enclosed-wheel enclosed-cockpit 4-wheel custom-built prototype-sportscar racecar racing series
 The Asian Le Mans Series, an enclosed-wheel enclosed-cockpit 4-wheel custom-built prototype-sportscar racecar racing series

People
Frederick H. Alms, namesake of the Cincinnati park Alms Park
James Alms (1728–1791), Royal Navy officer
Paige Alms (born 1988), Hawaiian surfer

Places
 Alms Park, Cincinnati, Ohio, US; a city park

Music
Alms (album), an album by Re:
"Alms", a song by The Futureheads from their album The Futureheads
"Alms! Alms!", a song from the 2007 musical-thriller film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street

Other uses
 ALMS Conference, an international conference on Archives, Libraries, Museums and Special Collections

See also

 
 Alms tax
 Alms box
 Alms house
 Alms-free
 ALMS1 (Alstom syndrome 1) a gene and protein
 Alms1, centrosome and basal body associated protein
 

 Alm (disambiguation)
Surnames from given names
German-language surnames
Roll It Gal

"Roll It Gal" (otherwise known as "Roll It") is a song written by Shontelle Layne and Sheldon Benjamin, and originally recorded by soca singer Alison Hinds, taken from her debut album Soca Queen. The single was released by Hinds in 2005 in Barbados and in the United Kingdom in 2007. A music video was produced for Hinds' version of the song in 2005. The Hinds version of "Roll It Gal" shot to the top of the charts in Barbados, Trinidad and throughout the Caribbean. The song contains a sample of Benjamin's "Big Love".

In 2007, a re-worked cover of the song entitled "Roll It", performed by J-Status and featuring Rihanna, as well as Shontelle, who assisted in writing both versions of the song, was released in several European countries.

Original version

Track listings
UK CD single

 "Roll It Gal" (original/main mix – radio edit) – 3:35
 "Roll It Gal" (Rishi Rich mix) – 3:29
 "Roll It Gal" (Machel Montano mix)
 "Roll It Gal" (Sunland mix)
 "Roll It Gal" (video)

UK 7" vinyl
 "Roll It Gal" (original/main mix – radio edit)
 "Roll It Gal" (Rishi Rich mix)
 "Roll It Gal" (Sunland mix)

Download remix EP
 "Roll It Gal" (album version) – 3:58
 "Roll It Gal" (featuring Machel Montano) – 5:08
 "Roll It Gal" (featuring Doug E Fresh) – 4:50
 "Roll It Gal" (Disco Ball remix) – 5:10
 "Roll It Gal" (Reggaeton remix) – 3:50
 "Roll It Gal" (Rishi Rich mix)

Charts

J-Status version

Shontelle and Sheldon Benjamin, the composers of "Roll It Gal" re-wrote and re-produced the song for the group J-Status, changing the lyrics from being about female empowerment to more sexual lyrics, re-titling the song to "Roll It". The J-Status version is taken from their debut album The Beginning, released in several European countries only. The J-Status version is performed with Rihanna and Shontelle herself.

Track listing
CD
 "Roll It" (featuring Rihanna and Shontelle) (radio version) – 3:32
 "Roll It" (featuring Rihanna and Shontelle) (main version) – 3:58
 "Roll It" (instrumental) – 3:23
 "Roll It" (featuring Rihanna and Shontelle) (Reggaeton Gemstar version) – 4:10
 "Roll It" (featuring Rihanna and Shontelle) (Sunset Strippers remix) – 7:42
 "Roll It" (featuring Rihanna and Shontelle) (video)

Charts

Other versions
In 2007, Shontelle finally recorded her own version of "Roll It" and it later appeared on her debut studio album Shontelligence (2008).

Track listing
Digital download
 "Roll" – 3:30

References

2005 songs
2005 debut singles
2008 singles
Soca songs
Rihanna songs
Shontelle songs
Music videos directed by Vashtie Kola
Songs written by Shontelle
Pasaje

Pasaje is a town in the lowlands of the El Oro Province, Ecuador. Pasaje is the seat of the Pasaje Canton. It is located on the border of the Jubones River.

References

External links
 mipasaje.com Website with local information in Spanish

Populated places in El Oro Province
The One (Shakira song)

"The One" is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her first English-language and fifth overall studio album Laundry Service (2001). The ballad was released as the album's sixth and final single on 16 December 2002 by Epic Records and became a modest hit in Europe and Australia.

Background and composition
"The One" was written by Shakira and composed by Shakira and Glen Ballard. This song is about Shakira's lonely love, and her expression and thanks for the love that has been given to her. Though the song itself was an extremely popular song, and many people were "touched" by it, it did not fare well chart-wise. Shakira has never performed this live at any shows except for her 2002–2003 Tour of the Mongoose, when the single was released around the time. The primary version used for radio airplay was the Glen's Radio Mix, which has a new intro and a complete different musical arrangement than the original Album Version.

Chart performance
"The One" was released in most parts of Europe as well as other countries such as Australia. The song did moderately well in European countries, including Italy and Switzerland, where it reached the top 20. It was a top-five hit in Portugal, where it peaked at number five. In Australia, the song peaked at number 16.

Music video
The music video for "The One" has a basic plot. Shakira is walking through a city, wearing a red jacket, where she sees all the people with their lovers loving and hugging each other, while she is alone. She therefore walks through the rain, hoping to find someone who will love her forever. While she walks through the rain, she sees an old couple, a mother with her child, a police attacking a man with an old woman watching, needing someone to help him and he mimes "you're the one I need", while on the contrary she is alone. The music video ends with her, drenched by the rain, singing while facing up to the sky.

Formats and track listings
Maxi-single
 "The One" (Glen's Radio Mix) – 3:47
 "The One" (Album Version) – 3:43
 "Whenever, Wherever" (Hammad Bell Remix) – 3:48
 "Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango)" (Gigi D'Agostino Tango Remix) – 6:10

Enhanced single
 "The One" (Glen's Mix)
 "Objection (Tango)" (Afro Punk Version)
 "Objection (Tango)" (The Freelance Hellraiser's Mash-Up of the Mongoose)
 "The One" (video)

Charts

Release history

References

2000s ballads
2003 singles
Shakira songs
Songs written by Glen Ballard
Songs written by Shakira
Aelurodon

Aelurodon is an extinct canid genus of the subfamily Borophaginae which lived from the Barstovian land mammal age () of the middle Miocene to the late Miocene epoch (). Aelurodon existed for approximately .

Description
Aelurodon are a part of a clade of canids loosely known as "bone-crushing" or "hyena-like" dogs, that apparently descended from the earlier genera Protomarctus and Tomarctus. Several species are known from fossils found in the central and western U.S., suggesting a wide geographic range during their peak in the Miocene epoch. Large species of Aelurodon (A. ferox and A. taxoides) may have hunted in packs like modern wolves.

The evolution of Aelurodon is characterized by the progressive development of teeth adapted to a more hypercarnivorous diet, a trend consistent with other borophagines. The earliest occurrence of the genus is A. asthenostylus dating from 16. This species then gives rise to two different anagenetic clades around 15 Ma. One comprises the species A. montaneis, A. mcgrewi and A. stirtoni, going extinct around 12 Ma. The other clade persists until  and includes A. ferox and A. taxoides. A. taxoides is the most derived and largest species in Aelurodon.

References

Further reading
 Xiaoming Wang, Richard H. Tedford, Mauricio Antón, Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History, New York : Columbia University Press, 2008; 

Borophagines
Miocene canids
Prehistoric carnivoran genera
Miocene mammals of North America
Barstovian
Clarendonian
Hemphillian
Fossil taxa described in 1858
Franco-Cantabrian region

The Franco-Cantabrian region (also Franco-Cantabric region) is a term applied in archaeology and history to refer to an area that stretches from Asturias, in northern Spain, to Aquitaine and Provence in Southern France. It includes the southern half of France and the northern strip of Spain looking at the Bay of Biscay (known as Cantabrian Sea in Spanish, hence the name).

This region shows intense homogeneity in the prehistorical record and possibly was the region of Europe with the densest population of humans during the Late Paleolithic.  Vasco-Cantabria is part of the region, on the northern coast of Spain, covering similar areas to the adjacent modern regions of the Basque country and Cantabria.

Archaeology

Successively, the region experienced the Chatelperronian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian, and post Azilian geometric cultures, with their respective cultural expressions, noticeably the most famous mural art. Solutrean, Magdalenian, and Azilian cultures evolved locally in this area.

Glacial refugium and Late Glacial population expansion

The region may have been a major refugium for Paleolithic peoples during the Last Glacial Maximum, apparently playing a major role as source for the repopulation of Europe after that extremely cold period ended.

From an archaeological viewpoint, Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel has argued that "there are grounds for considering that the Aquitaine and French-Cantabrian refuge zone, may have been the principal source of Late Glacial re-colonization". His demographic simulations, based in archaeological data, suggest that it was the most densely populated region of Europe through all the Upper Paleolithic. Kieran O'Hara has suggested in his book Cave Art and Climate Change that climate controlled the Franco-Cantabrian cave depictions.

Dissolution of the regional homogeneity in the Neolithic

The area became culturally divided between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic subareas during the Neolithic period, losing its homogeneity as the Eastern part strongly incorporated the Cardium pottery culture, while the Western remained less developed (subneolithic).

Main sites
Altamira, Cantabria, Spain 
Important cave paintings
Cave of Chufín, Cantabria, Spain
Cave of El Castillo, Cantabria, Spain
Cave of La Pasiega, Cantabria, Spain
La Garma cave complex, Cantabria, Spain
Tito Bustillo Cave, Asturias, Spain
Santimamiñe, Basque Country, Spain
Aurignac, Occitanie, France
Les Trois Frères,  Occitanie, France
Lascaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
La Madeleine, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Grotte Chauvet, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

See also
Prehistoric art
Upper Paleolithic
Cro-Magnon

References

Prehistoric Europe
Aquitaine
Asturias
Basque Country (autonomous community)
Cantabria
Peopling of Europe
Azilian
Eight Honors and Eight Shames

The Eight honors and Eight Shames () also known as the Eight honors and Disgraces, is a set of moral concepts developed by former General Secretary Hu Jintao for the citizens of the People's Republic of China. It is also known as Eight Virtues and Shames, or Hu Jintao's Eight-Step Programme. Its formal name in China is Socialist Concepts on honors and Disgraces ().

On March 4, 2006, Hu released this list calling it the "new moral yardstick to measure the work, conduct and attitude of Communist Party officials."  It is being promulgated as the moral code for all Chinese, especially Communist Party cadres.

Translation 
In October 2006 the Xinhua News Agency posted an English translation of the Eight Honors and Eight Shames:

See also 
 Scientific Development Concept
 Eight Musts
 Honour
 Shame

References 

Hu Jintao
Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
2004 documents
Codes of conduct
Molson Export

Molson Export beer is a Canadian ale brewed by Molson at a strength of 5% alcohol by volume. It was first brewed in 1903 and is the oldest Molson beer brand still in production.

Label 
In 1955, the traditional anchor and crown logo was replaced by a boat.

Recipe 
Export is made using several varieties of two-row malted barley, an ale yeast strain dating back to the foundation of the Molson Brewery, and Golding and Oregon hops.

Prizes and awards 
 Best beer in its category
Molson Export won the gold medal in the Best North American Style Blonde/Golden Ale category at the 2010 Canadian Brewing Awards. The contest brings together breweries from across Canada and selects the best beers from among them in a blind taste competition. The 2010 edition saw a total of 76 breweries submitting 390 beers across 31 categories. A panel of 20 judges selected the winners based on specific criteria, namely the taste, appearance, aroma, mouthfeel, and overall impression of the beer.
Molson Export also took part in the 2011 World Quality Selections, organized by Monde Selection, an Independent International Institute based in Brussels, Belgium. Monde Selection's mission is to test consumer products, rate them for their gustative worth and grant them an award. Molson Export won a Gold Award in 2011 and 2001. The 2011 Monde Selection edition saw a total of 430 beers, coming from 60 countries. However, Monde Selection awards are non-competitive and only products that pay to enter are judged.

Advertising campaigns 

Launched in 1997, the Jeune Depuis 1903 (Young since 1903) campaign in Quebec emphasized the long-standing tradition behind Molson Export. In 2003, as part of this same campaign, Molson Export celebrated its 100th anniversary.

In 2010, Molson Export created a new brand image that again referenced its history and an advertising campaign that focused on John Molson. A TV spot recounting one of his trans-Atlantic voyages went on air while an integrated multimedia campaign focused on him was presented in the Bell Centre and online.

In 2022 Molson Export has teamed up with the NHL and presented the Draft Viewing party. 

For the 2022 Winter Olympics, Molson created a line of maple syrup infused with beer. The Dark Grade syrup was infused with Molson Export.

References

External links 
 Molson Export

Canadian beer brands
Molson Coors brands
1903 establishments in Canada
Beer brands
Monroe Trout

Monroe Trout, Jr. (born January 22, 1962) is a retired financial speculator and hedge fund manager profiled in the book New Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager. Monroe Trout, Jr.'s expertise is in quantitative analysis, with pattern recognition backed by statistical analysis. He subscribes to Ayn Rand's Objectivism. He has traded stocks, stock index futures, commodity futures, and options on all these, both for his own account and as an advisor for others.

Early years 
Monroe Trout, Jr. is the son of Monroe E. Trout, the former Chairman Emeritus of American Healthcare Systems. In 1978 in his hometown of New Canaan, Connecticut at the age of 17, Trout got a summer job with a futures trader. Trout typed in newspaper data into his computer and got his start in markets trading.

He was captain of the Harvard basketball team and led his team to a third-place finish in 1984's Ivy League.

He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1984 with a B.A. in Economics. His senior honors thesis was on stock index futures titled “Price movements in a Stock Index Futures Market”.

Career 
Monroe Trout began his career when he went to New York City to work for Victor Niederhoffer's NCZ Commodities at New York's commodity pits. In his 20s during one stretch he turned a profit 69 out of 79 months and became something of a celebrity on the trading floor. He also worked as a floor trader on two more exchanges before starting his own firm, Trout Trading, in 1986. Later, he would move his family and the company to Bermuda.

In 1993, he helped fund Rand Financial Services named after Ayn Rand. He keeps a low profile. At age 40, he retired from active trading with a net worth reportedly in excess of US$900 million.

He is featured in the book The New Market Wizards by Jack Schwager.

See also 

 Paper trading
 Toby Crabel
 James Altucher
 Jake Burton Carpenter

Notes

References

Further reading 
 
 Elstrom, Peter J. W.|Crain's Chicago Business|May 24, 1993|Futures whiz Trout stays hot, despite trading snag

External links 
 Turtle Trader
 Street Stories
 Boy Plunger

1962 births
Living people
American financial analysts
American hedge fund managers
American investors
American money managers
American stock traders
Stock and commodity market managers
Objectivists
Harvard Crimson men's basketball players
Harvard University alumni
American men's basketball players
People from New Canaan, Connecticut
Basketball players from Connecticut
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Expatriates in Bermuda
Sportspeople from Fairfield County, Connecticut
King Videocable

King Videocable was a broadcast cable television company based in Seattle, Washington. It was owned by the King Broadcasting Company, then-owners of Seattle television station KING-TV, and by investment firm Kelso and Company. Launched in the early 1970s by King Broadcasting employee Edward Hewson, it eventually expanded to cover around 500,000 customers, with systems stretching from Los Angeles to Minneapolis.

After the King Broadcasting assets were sold largely to the Providence Journal Company in 1992, KVC was integrated into PJC's existing cable holdings, including Colony Communications. PJC sold their cable assets, including KVC, to Continental Cablevision in 1995. These systems subsequently became MediaOne, AT&T Broadband, and ultimately Comcast.

References

Cable television companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Seattle
Doug Wright (disambiguation)

Doug Wright (born 1962) is an American playwright, librettist, and screenplay writer.

Doug Wright may also refer to:

 Doug Wright (cricketer) (1914–1998), English cricketer
 Doug Wright (cartoonist) (1917–1983), Canadian cartoonist, best known for Nipper/Doug Wright's Family
 Doug Wright (The Bill), husband of Sgt. Nikki Wright
 Doug Wright (footballer) (1917–1992), English footballer

See also
 Douglas Wright (disambiguation)