alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Read–write memory

Read–write memory, or RWM is a type of computer memory that can be easily written to as well as read from using electrical signaling normally associated with running a software, and without any other physical processes.  The related storage type RAM means something different; it refers to memory that can access any memory location in a constant amount of time.

The term might also refer to memory locations having both read and write permissions. In modern computer systems using memory segmentation, each segment has a length and set of permissions associated with it.

Types

Read–write memory is composed of either volatile or non-volatile types of storage. Volatile memory is usually in the form of a microchip or other hardware that requires an external power source to enable data to persist. Non-volatile memory is considered static, or storage-type memory. This means that you can write data to it, and that information will persist even in the absence of a power source. Typically read-write speeds are limited to its bandwidth or have mechanical limitations of either rotation speeds and arm movement delays for storage types such as Cloud Storage, Hard Disk Drive or CD-RWs, DVD-RWs, SD cards, Solid State Drive, SRAM, and DRAM, or other integrated circuitry.

History

San Francisco in 1956, IBM was the first company to develop and sell the first commercial Hard Disk Drive (HDD). The drive was the Model 350 disk storage unit, which was 3.75 Megabytes of data storage capacity and had fifty 24-inch diameter disks stacked on a spindle and sold to Zellerbach paper.

See also
 Read-mostly memory (RMM)
 Random-access memory (RAM)

References

Footnotes

Computer memory
Davis Creek, California

Davis Creek is an unincorporated community in Modoc County, California. It is located  north-northeast of Alturas, at an elevation of 4846 feet (1477 m). There is a post office, service station, and mini-mart housed in a single structure. The ZIP Code is 96108. The community is inside area code 530.

History
Settlement of Goose Lake Valley at Davis Creek began with a single log cabin in 1869. The Davis Creek post office opened in 1877, and changed its name to Davis Creek in 1879.

During Goose Lake's high-water years, at least from 1908 to 1912, Davis Creek served as the southern port on the lake to and from which the ferry, Lakeview carried passengers and cargo for the town of Lakeview, Oregon at the north end of the lake. The Nevada-California-Oregon Railway from Reno reached Davis Creek in 1911. The port fell into disuse as lake waters receded and the railroad was completed to Lakeview.

A 1913 book described Davis Creek as being on Goose Lake and having a population of 150.

In the early 1960s, U.S. Route 395 was realigned, bypassing Davis Creek's business section, leading to the closure of most businesses there, and the construction of a newer general store on the new highway.

Politics
In the state legislature, Davis Creek is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Ted Gaines, and in the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Republican Jim Nielsen.

Federally, Davis Creek is in .

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Modoc County, California
Brandwijk

Brandwijk is a small village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 13 km west of Gorinchem.

The statistical area "Brandwijk", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 290.

Brandwijk was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1986, when it became part of Graafstroom. Last one has become part of Molenwaard in 2013.

References

Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Gijbeland

Gijbeland is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden.

In 2001, the village of Gijbeland had 435 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.068 km2, and contained 183 residences.
The statistical area "Gijbeland", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 930.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Paul Brown (presenter)

Paul Brown (1950–1997) was a senior journalist and presenter of Channel Report, Channel Television's flagship news programme. He joined Channel TV in 1972 as a reporter and during his 25-year career with the station, became one of the main presenters of Channel Report and one of the station's news editors.

He died suddenly in November 1997.

References

1950 births
1997 deaths
Goudriaan

Goudriaan is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 25 km east of Rotterdam.

On 1 January 2006, the village of Goudriaan had 843 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.028 km², and contained 309 residences.

Goudriaan was a separate municipality until 1986, when it became part of Graafstroom. Last one has become a part of Molenwaard in 2013.

References

Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Molenaarsgraaf

Molenaarsgraaf is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 11 km west of Gorinchem.

In 2001, the village of Molenaarsgraaf had 414 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.041 km², and contained 143 residences.
The statistical area "Molenaarsgraaf", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1110.

Molenaarsgraaf was a separate municipality until 1986, when it became part of Graafstroom. Latterly it has been part of Molenwaard since 2013. 

The village contains the War Grave of a Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crew (less the pilot, who had parachuted to safety). Their names are recorded in Commonwealth War Graves web site as being killed on 22 May 1944. It is understood that their aircraft was shot down by a German night fighter.

References

Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Ottoland

Ottoland is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 15 km northwest of Gorinchem.

In 2001, the village of Ottoland had 173 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.022 km², and contained 57 residences.
The statistical area "Ottoland", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 490.

Ottoland was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1986, until it became part of Graafstroom. Last one has made part of Molenwaard since 2013. Until the 1980s Ottoland had only two streets, simply called A and B.

See also
Laagblokland

References

Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Cincinnati Cheetahs

The Cincinnati Cheetahs were an American soccer team that played in Cincinnati, Ohio.

During their 1994 season, the Cheetahs' home field was at St. Xavier High School in Springfield Township, Hamilton County.

Year-by-year

References

Defunct soccer clubs in Ohio
Cheetahs
USISL teams
St. Xavier High School (Ohio)
1994 establishments in Ohio
1995 disestablishments in Ohio
Association football clubs established in 1994
Association football clubs disestablished in 1995
Wijngaarden

Wijngaarden is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 7 km northeast of Dordrecht.

In 2001, the village of Wijngaarden had 300 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.030 km2, and contained 99 residences.
The statistical area "Wijngaarden", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 730.

Wijngaarden was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1986, when it became part of Graafstroom., which in turn became part of Molenwaard in 2013.

Economy
Wijngaarden's economy has seen substantial growth in the public sector during 2009, 2010 and 2011.

References

Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Molenlanden
Pecom 32

Pecom 32 is an educational and/or home computer developed by Elektronska Industrija Niš of Serbia in 1985. A few games and programs exist for the system.

Specifications
 CPU: CDP 1802B 5V7 clocking at 2.813 MHz
 ROM: 16 KB with BASIC 3, optional 16 KB upgrade containing enhanced editor and assembler
 Primary memory: 36 KB (32 KB available to user)
 Secondary storage: cassette tape
 Display: 8-colours, text mode 24 lines with 40 characters each; pseudo-graphics 240 x 216 mode using user-defined characters
 Sound: 8 octaves plus effects (probably AY-3-8912)
 I/O ports: cassette tape storage, composite and RF video, RS-232 and expansion connector

See also
 Pecom 64

References 

Home computers
EI Niš
Beast (TV series)

Beast is a BBC One sitcom based in a veterinary surgery. Two series of six episodes each were made, with the first broadcast in early 2000 and the second in early 2001. The main premise of the show is that the main character and practice owner does not like being a vet and has a strong dislike of animals.

Cast and characters
Alexander Armstrong as Nick, the lead character, a vet and owner of the practice which he inherited from his Father. 
Doon Mackichan as Kirsten, the practice manager. 
Sylvestra Le Touzel as Briony, the most experienced Vet at the practice. 
 Steven Alvey as Andrew, the third and final vet at the practice. 
Emma Pierson as Jade, a trainee veterinary assistant.

Home media
The complete series of Beast was released on region 2 DVD on 17 March 2014.

External links

 Beast TV Live

2000s British sitcoms
2000 British television series debuts
2001 British television series endings
BBC television sitcoms
Pecom 64

Pecom 64 was an educational and/or home computer developed by Elektronska Industrija Niš of Serbia in 1985.

Specifications 

 CPU: CDP 1802B 5V7 running at 2.813 MHz
 ROM: 16 KB, with optional 16 KB upgrade containing enhanced editor and assembler
 RAM: 32 KB
 Secondary storage: cassette tape
VIS: (Video Interface System) CDP1869 / CDP1870
Text modes:  40 columns x 24 lines
Character set: 128 Programmable characters
Character size:  6x9 pixels
Graphics modes: None, but the character-set was re programmable (semigraphics) to simulate a 240x216 High Resolution display
Colours: A total of 8 foreground colours are available (with a limited choice of 4 per character and 1 per line of that character) and 8 background colours (defined for the whole screen).
 Sound: 2 channels: one for tone generation with a span of 8 octaves, and 1 for special effect/white noise. Volume programmable in 16 steps.
 I/O ports:cassette tape storage, composite and RF video, RS-232 and expansion connector
 Power supply: 220V AC, 0.02 A, 4.5 W (built-in transformer)

See also 

 Pecom 32
 Very similar HW and BASIC as used in the Comx-35

External links 
 Old-Computers.com
 Retrospec.sgn.net - games in audio format
 Emma 02 including Pecom 64 Emulator

Home computers
EI Niš
Isla del Trocadero

Isla del Trocadero (tr. "trader's island") is an island in the Bay of Cádiz, in Andalusia, Spain.

Situation
The island has an area of 5.25 km² and lies in the southern part of the Bay of Cádiz, southwest of Puerto Real village.

The north of the island is crossed by Spanish national highway N443, which goes from Puerto Real to Cádiz. The industrial area Polígono El Trocadero and the ramp in the national highway named El Trocadero refer to the direct proximity of the island.

Protected area
The Isla del Trocadero belongs to large protected area and a natural park (Parque Natural de la Bahía de Cádiz), with an extension of 100 km2. The area is an important wetland biotope and landing zone for migratory birds.

Access to the island
The island can be accessed by the ports of Puerto Real and Matagorda. It is particularly interesting for bird watching.

History
The island has been an important commercial traffic point for a long time, hence its name  It was also used to repair ships. The San Luis Fort, in the Southern tip of the island, was used as part of the defences of the Bay of Cádiz.

The fort, currently in ruins, was captured by French troops  during the Battle of Trocadero, on August 31, 1823. This lends name to the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, which featured the Palais du Trocadéro in the 19th century, and in celebration of which the London Trocadero was named a few years later.

Trocadero
Geography of the Province of Cádiz
Protected areas of Andalusia
Landforms of Andalusia
Korolyov

Korolyov, also transliterated as Korolev or Korolov (), or its feminine variant Korolyova, Koroleva, Korolova (), is a common Russian surname, and the name of multiple places in Russia. It is derived from the word korol (), meaning "king".

Korolyov may refer to:

People
Aleksandr Korolyov (disambiguation), several people
Alexey Korolev (born 1987), Kazakhstani ski jumper
Andrey Korolev (1944–1999), Russian linguist
Anton Korolev, Russian ice hockey player
Boris Korolev, Soviet sculptor
Denis Borisovich Korolyov (born 1987), Russian footballer
Dmitry Korolyov (born 1988), Russian footballer
Evgeny Korolev (born 1988), Kazakhstani tennis player
Igor Korolev (1970–2011), Russian hockey player
Lev Korolyov (disambiguation), multiple people
Natasha Korolyova (born 1973), Russian singer of popular music
Nikolay Korolyov (sergeant) (1921–1943), Hero of the Soviet Union
Nikolay Korolyov (boxer) (1917–1974), Soviet boxer
Oleg Korolyov (born 1952), Governor of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia
Oleg A. Korolev (born 1968), Russian artist
Sergei Borisovich Korolyov, Russian official
Sergei Korolev (disambiguation), multiple people
Sergei Alexandrovich Korolev (1874–1932), industrial microbiology creator
Sergei Borisovich Korolev (1962–), Russian intelligence officer and deputy director of the FSB
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907–1966), leading rocket engineer and designer of the Soviet Union
Yaroslav Korolev (born 1987), Russian basketball player
Yevgeni Korolyov (disambiguation), several people with this name
Yuri Korolev (born 1962), gymnast
Yuri Korolev (ice hockey) (born 1934), ice hockey administrator

Places
Korolyov Urban Okrug, a municipal formation which Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Moscow Oblast, Russia is incorporated as
Korolyov (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia
Korolev (lunar crater), a Lunar crater named after Sergey Korolyov
Korolev (Martian crater), a crater on Mars named after Sergey Korolyov
1855 Korolyov, an asteroid named in honour of Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov

Other
S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, an aerospace corporation named after Sergey Korolyov
Korolyov RP-318, Russia's first rocket-powered aircraft, built by Sergey Korolyov (Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov)
 "Korolev", a 2015 tune by Public Service Broadcasting
 RFS Korolev, a Ropucha-class landing ship in the Russian Navy

Russian-language surnames
Haastrecht

Haastrecht is a town on the Hollandse IJssel river in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 5 km east of Gouda.

In 2001, the town of Haastrecht had 3302 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.58 km², and contained 1325 residences.
The statistical area "Haastrecht", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 2330.

Haastrecht received city rights in 1396. It remained a separate municipality until 1985, when it became part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
1726 to 1730 in sports

Events in world sport through the years 1726 to 1730.

Boxing
Events
  – Jack Broughton begins fighting professional boxing matches in London venues. He defeated several opponents from 1726 to 1732 and became one of the favorites of James Figg.
 6 June 1727 – James Figg and Gravesend pipe-maker Ned Sutton fight a much-publicised match attended by more than 1,000 spectators.
  May 1730 – James Figg and Ned Sutton fought in two exhibition bouts.

Cricket

Events
 1727 — Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond was involved in the creation of Articles of Agreement to establish the rules under which two matches were played, the first time that a set of rules is known to have been put in writing.
 1728 — the earliest known instance of a county team (i.e., Kent) being acclaimed for its superiority over its rivals suggests the origin of the unofficial Champion County title.
 1729 — the earliest known innings victory was achieved and 1729 is the date of the oldest known cricket bat still in existence.

Horse racing
Events

References

Sources
 
 
 
 
 

1726
Boven-Haastrecht

Boven-Haastrecht is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland, where it is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, about 6 km east of Gouda.

The statistical area of Boven-Haastrecht, including the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 220.

Boven-Haastrecht was part of Vlist until 2015.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Beneden-Haastrecht

Beneden-Haastrecht is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 3 km southeast of Gouda.

The statistical area "Beneden-Haastrecht", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 110.

Until 2015, Beneden-Haastrecht was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Rozendaal, South Holland

Rozendaal is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. The town is a part of the municipality Vlist. It and lies about 8 km south of Woerden.

The statistical area "Rozendaal", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 90.

References
 

Populated places in South Holland
Hypercar (concept car)

The Hypercar is a  design concept car developed by energy analyst Amory Lovins at the Rocky Mountain Institute.  This vehicle would have ultra-light construction with an aerodynamic body using advanced composite materials, low-drag design, and hybrid drive.  Designers of the Hypercar claim that it would achieve a three- to five-fold improvement in fuel economy, equal or better performance, safety, amenity, and, compared with today's cars.

History
In 1994, the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) founded the Hypercar Center to help prove its technical feasibility and commercial reality. The concept was placed in the public domain to maximize competition in capturing its market and manufacturing advantages. The "Hypercar" would be a "hybrid electric/hydrogen-fuelled family vehicle that had only a few parts, was made of lightweight carbon but was stronger than steel, used existing technologies, weighed half a normal car of its size, and could travel the equivalent of 300 miles to the gallon. It was designed to have next to no emissions and, using its batteries, could become a power plant on wheels when parked, eliminating the need for nuclear or coal-power stations".

In 1999, RMI took this process a step further by launching a for-profit venture, Hypercar Inc. This independent company, in which RMI has a minority interest, is now taking the lead in advancing key areas of Hypercar research and development.

In 2004, Hypercar Inc. changed its name to Fiberforge to better reflect the company's new goal of lowering the cost of high-volume advanced-composite structures by leveraging the patents of David F. Taggart, one of the founders of Hypercar, Inc.

Lovins says the commercialisation of the Hypercar began in 2014, with the production of the all-carbon electric BMW i3 family and the 313 miles per gallon Volkswagen XL1.

See also

 Hybrid vehicles
 Green vehicle
 Supercar
 Twike
 Volkswagen 1-litre car
 Winning the Oil Endgame

References

External links
Hypercars
David F. Taggart
"Tilting at Energy Windmills", The Wall Street Journal, 25 July 2005.
Top 10 Hyper Cars

Green vehicles
City cars
Hybrid electric cars
Stein, South Holland

Stein is a small village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 5 km east of Gouda.

The statistical area "Stein", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1060.

Stein was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1870, known as Land van Stein, when it became part of Reeuwijk. The former municipality of Vrijhoef en Kalverbroek was added to Land van Stein in 1827. The part of the former municipality that lay north of the railway line from Gouda to Woerden still is part of that municipality; the southern part belonged to Haastrecht, and since 1985 to Vlist (till 2015).

References

Populated places in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Stolwijk

Stolwijk is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 6 km southeast of Gouda.

In 2005, the town of Stolwijk had 4980 (2487 men en 2493 women) inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.80 km², and contained 1367 residences.
The statistical area "Stolwijk", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3660.

Stolwijk was a separate municipality until 1985, when it became part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Bovenkerk, Krimpenerwaard

Bovenkerk is a village in the municipality of Krimpenerwaard in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Bovenkerk was part of the municipality of Vlist until 1 January 2015, when it was absorbed in the newly-formed municipality of Krimpenerwaard. It lies east of the town of Stolwijk, about 7 km (4.3 mi) southeast of Gouda.

Population
The statistical area of Bovenkerk, which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 245.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Isidor Hilberg

Isidor Hilberg (May 28, 1852, at Byelaya Tzerkov, Russian Empire – October 28, 1919, in Vienna), was a classical scholar in Austria-Hungary. 

In 1856 he went with his parents to Vienna, where he received his early education. Subsequently he studied classical philology at the University of Vienna under Vahlen, Gomperz, Emanuel Hoffmann, and Hartel (Ph.D. 1874). In 1875, he studied for half a year in Italy, and became privatdozent in classical philology at the University of Vienna in 1877. In 1879 he was appointed assistant professor at Prague University, and in 1882 professor at the University of Czernowitz, of which he was "Rector Magnificus" in 1898. He is now best known for his three-volume edition of the letters of St. Jerome in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum.

Works
"Eustathii Macrembolitæ Protonobilissimi de Hysmines et Hysminiæ Amoribus Libri xi." Vienna, 1876.
"Epistula Critica ad Joannem Vahlenum de Nonnullis Scriptorum Græcorum et Romanorum Locis Emendandis Explicandisve," Vienna, 1877. 
"Das Gesetz der trochäischen Wortformen im Dactylischen, Hexameter und Pentameter der Griechen vom 7. Jahrh. v. Chr. bis zum Untergang der Griechischen Poesie," Vienna, 1878.
"Das Princip der Silbenwägung und die daraus entspringenden Gesetze der Endsilben in der griechischen Poesie," Vienna, 1879.
"Die Gesetze der Wortstellung im Pentameter des Ovid," Leipzig, 1894.
"Philologie und Naturwissenschaft" (his discourse when appointed rector) Czernowitz, 1898.
(ed.) "Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi Epistulae," Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 54–56. Vienna, 1910-1918.

References

1852 births
Emigrants from the Russian Empire
Immigrants to the Austrian Empire
Scholars from Austria-Hungary
Classical scholars of the University of Vienna
1919 deaths
Academic staff of Chernivtsi University
Benedenkerk

Benedenkerk is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 6 km south of Gouda.

The statistical area "Benedenkerk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 260.

Until 2015, Benedenkerk was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Benedenheul

Benedenheul is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 7 km south of Gouda.

The statistical area "Benedenheul", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 240.

Until 2015, Benedenheul was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Goudseweg

Goudseweg is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 5 km southeast of Gouda.

The statistical area "Goudseweg", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 50.

Until 2015, Goudseweg was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Alabama State House

The Alabama State House is a state government building in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. It houses several state agencies, most notably the Alabama Legislature, which comprises the Alabama Senate and the Alabama House of Representatives.

History
The State House was opened in 1963 as the Alabama Highway Department Building. It housed the Alabama Department of Transportation, then known as the Alabama State Highway Department, until 1985, when the Alabama Legislature moved into the upper floors while the Alabama State Capitol building was being renovated. Article IV, Section 48 of the Alabama Constitution requires the Legislature to meet in the Capitol, but Amendment 427 was passed to enable it to select another place to temporarily meet until renovations at the Capitol were complete. Although all major renovations were completed there in 1992, the Legislature has continued to occupy the State House. The building was renamed after the 1985 move. Originally, the Legislature occupied the 5th through 7th floors. When the Legislature outgrew this space, an eighth floor was added.

Structure and usage
The State House has seven above ground floors and one at basement level. The first floor, located at basement level, is used for miscellaneous offices and committee rooms. The second floor contains the Governor's Legislative Office and the Alabama Budget Office. The third floor houses the Attorney General. The fifth and sixth floors are dedicated exclusively to the use of the House of Representatives. The seventh and eighth floors are likewise used by the Senate. Additionally, the Lieutenant Governor's offices are located on the seventh floor.

Proposed replacement 
Currently, the Alabama Legislature is making preparations to plan and construct a new State House. Many legislators cite a need for a new facility due to the lack of space in the current State House as well as issues with mold and other structural problems. Proposals have included building a new facility on the opposite end of Dexter Avenue from the Capitol, to create a government mall. This plan has lost favor. New plans have called for building a wing behind the State Capitol that contains space for the Legislature, because a constitutional amendment is required for the Legislature to meet in a facility that is not the State Capitol. In the 2009 session, legislators debated and passed a bill to begin investigating proposals, but have not taken any action on constructing a new facility.

On May 7, 2020, it was reported that Alabama State Senator Del Marsh had requested $200,000,000 of CARES Act funding in order to build a new State House. After backlash from various Alabama citizens, the funding request was removed.

See also
Government of Alabama
List of state and territorial capitols in the United States

References

State government buildings in Alabama
Alabama Legislature
Politics of Alabama
Buildings and structures in Montgomery, Alabama
Government buildings completed in 1963
1963 establishments in Alabama
Het Beijersche

Het Beijersche is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 4 km south of Gouda.

The statistical area "Het Beijersche", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 350.

Until 2015, Het Beijersche was part of Vlist.

References
 

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Koolwijk, South Holland

Koolwijk (South Holland) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 7 km south of Gouda.

The statistical area "Koolwijk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 100.

Until 2015, Koolwijk was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Schoonouwen

Schoonouwen is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 8 km southeast of Gouda.

The statistical area "Schoonouwen", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 160.

Until 2015, Schoonouwen was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Ko Sichang district

Ko Sichang (or Koh Sichang, , ) is a district (amphoe) of Chonburi province, Thailand. It consists of the island of Ko Sichang and its adjoining islands. Ko Sichang is in the Gulf of Thailand, 12 km off the shore of Si Racha district.

History

Three kings of the Chakri Dynasty, King Rama IV, Rama V, and Rama VI, occasionally visited the island for rest. King Rama V built a summer palace, Phra Chuthathut Palace (), named after his son who was born on this island, Prince Chuthathut. The royal residence was largely abandoned in 1893 after the French occupied the island during a conflict with Thailand over control of neighboring Laos. In 1900, parts of the palace was torn down and reassembled as  part of Vimanmek Mansion in Bangkok.

The British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting the islands in 1822 during his mission, described the island in his book Journal of an embassy from the Governor-General of India to the courts of Siam and Cochin-China: exhibiting a view of the actual state of those kingdoms. He reported that Francis Buchanan-Hamilton called the islands of Ko Sichang District the "Dutch Islands", and Ko Sichang itself "Amsterdam", due to frequent visits by ships of the Dutch East India Company during the 17th century. American diplomat Edmund Roberts visited the island in the 1830s, describing the area as being occupied by "a few fisherman" who also grew yams, bananas, capsicums, gourds, and cucumbers.

The island was originally a minor district (king amphoe) under the Mueang Samut Prakan district of Samut Prakan province. On 1 January 1943, it was reassigned to the Si Racha district of Chonburi province. On 4 July 1994 the minor district was upgraded to a full district.

Climate
Ko Sichang has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Maximum temperatures remain fairly hot throughout the year, ranging from  in December to  in April. The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rainfall.

Administration
The district consists of a single sub-district (tambon) Tha Thewawong (ท่าเทววงษ์), which is further subdivided into seven villages (mubans). The district is completely covered by the township (thesaban tambon) Ko Sichang.

Nearby islands

 Ko Sampan Yue
 Ko Kham Noi
 Ko Kham Yai
 Ko Prong
 Ko Ran Dok Mai
 Ko Yai Thao
 Ko Khangkhao
 Ko Thai Ta Muen

See also
List of islands of Thailand

References

External links

Website of the district (Thai only)
Amphoe Ko Sichang from amphoe.com (Thai only)

Islands of Thailand
Ko Sichang
Islands of the Gulf of Thailand
Phrasaeng district

Phraseang (, ) is a district (amphoe) of Surat Thani province, Thailand.

Geography
The district is in the south of the province. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise): Phanom, Khian Sa, Wiang Sa of Surat Thani Province; Tham Phannara, Thung Yai of Nakhon Si Thammarat province; Chai Buri of Surat Thani Province; Khao Phanom and Plai Phraya of Krabi province.

At the boundary to Plai Phraya is the Khlong Phraya Wildlife Sanctuary.

Climate

History
The district was first established in 1896 as part of the Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat. The following year it and neighboring I-Pan District were reduced to tambons and put under the control of Lamphun District (the present-day Ban Na San district). In 1899 the monthon administrator Phraya Sukhumnaiwinit (Pan Sukhum) visited the area and noticed that Lamphun was too large to administer the area efficiently, and recreated the Phrasaeng District consisting of tambons Phrasaeng and I-Pan. In 1906 the district was transferred to Mueang Chaiya, which is now Surat Thani Province.

Around 1940 a new district office in Ban Yan Din Daeng was built, as the old location in Ban Sai Khueng was not within reach of all of the population. Also on 1 August 1938 the district was reduced in status to a minor district (king amphoe). It was upgraded to full district status in 1958.

In 1968 King Bhumibol Adulyadej and his family made a royal visit to the district. On that occasion the king donated a Caterpillar D4 bulldozer to the community, to aid in the development of the area.

Etymology
The name of the district originates from an event which happened at the creation of the district. The government sent an official named Phrasaeng Phiram to oversee construction of the district office. When the hole for the foundation was dug, a sword was found which, due to its unusual shape, was identified as a royal sword. Named Phrasaeng Dab (Thai พระแสงดาบ) it was kept in the district office and gave its name to the district. The sword has been lost, casting the story into doubt.

Administration
The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 74 villages (mubans). There are two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons): Bang Sawan covers parts of tambon Bang Sawan, and Yan Din Daeng parts of tambon I-pan. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO), responsible for the non-municipal areas.

References

External links
amphoe.com (Thai)
 (Thai only)

Districts of Surat Thani province
ExtenXLS

ExtenXLS is a Java Excel Reporting Toolkit developed by Extentech. It is a Reporting API that allows for the reading in, modifying and creation of spreadsheet-based reports from Java applications.

Written entirely in the Java programming language, ExtenXLS creates new spreadsheet files from scratch as well as from existing spreadsheet files templates. ExtenXLS has the ability to utilize data from any source and output it in Excel-compatible XLS, XML, and HTML formats.

Common uses range from a Java Servlet that produces financial analysis reports to JavaBeans embedded in JavaServer Pages for use in executing formula calculations. The ExtenXLS API can be used as a desktop spreadsheet component or embedded in a server application. With the ability to reuse existing spreadsheets, ExtenXLS can update template XLS files with fresh data from databases and output to custom reports. It has an Excel compatibility, template input files can range from a variety of complex legacy spreadsheets such as: surveys, checklists, what-if scenarios, and historical portfolio data.

ExtenXLS contains methods that can create new WorkBooks from scratch, allowing for the insertion of new cells containing text, and numeric data. The product allows for customization of output with hundreds of fonts, colors, patterns, borders, formulas, named ranges, and built-in formats such as: currency, date, financial and numeric formatting patterns.

Other potential uses include: user interfaces built with the included Java Swing spreadsheet components, and transformations of spreadsheets into HTML, and XML.

References

External links
ExtenXLS
Sheetster.com Web Spreadsheet based on ExtenXLS
ExtenXLS Java/XLS Toolkit 2.1 product review

Java platform software
Reporting software
Darjeeling Himalayan hill region

Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, also known as the Darjeeling Hills or Darjeeling Himalaya, is a mountainous area on the north-western side of the state of West Bengal in India. This region belongs to the Eastern Himalaya range. The Darjeeling district except the Siliguri subdivision and the entire Kalimpong district constitute this region. It arises abruptly from the Terai region. The region slopes from a south to north direction. The river Teesta divides the region in two parts — the region to the east of Teesta and the region to the west of Teesta.

Hills to the west of Teesta
This is the highest region of the Darjeeling Himalayan Hill Region.  Two distinct ranges are visible here — the Singalila range and the Darjeeling-Kurseong range.

Singalila range
The Singalila range is on the western limit of the region and separates Nepal from West Bengal. Singalila National Park is situated here. The four highest peaks of this range are:
Phalut (3,595 m)
Sandakphu (3,630 m) — the highest point of West Bengal
Tonglu (3,036 m) 
Sabargram (3,543 m)

See: Singalila Ridge

Darjeeling-Kurseong range
Two notable peaks of this range are Tiger Hill and Senchal.

Hills to the east of Teesta
The Chola range is situated on the Sikkim-Bhutan border. The highest peak is Wrishila. Kalimpong district is situated in this region. Neora Valley National Park is located here.

Rivers
Some notable rivers of this region are Mechi, Balason, Rammam, Rangeet, Teesta, and Jaldhaka. Teesta river is a 309 km (192 mi) long river flowing through the Indian states of West Bengal and Sikkim through Bangladesh before emptying into the Brahmaputra River.

References

 Basu, S.R.; Moulik, D. 2002. Madhyamik Bhugol. Prantik, Kolkata.
 Barun Roy, "Rediscovering Shangri La - The Story of the Himalayas", Mandalay Book (2006) 
 Khawas, V. "Environment and rural development in Darjeeling Himalaya: Issues and concerns", http://www.mtnforum.org/oldocs/189.pdf

Gorkhaland
Landforms of West Bengal
Geography of Darjeeling district
Bonrepas

Bonrepas is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 11 km southeast of Gouda.

The statistical area "Bonrepas", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 120.

Until 2015, Bonrepas was part of Vlist.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Krimpenerwaard
Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat

The Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat () was an administrative subdivision of Thailand in the early 20th century. It included the eastern part of southern Thailand.

History
The monthon was established in 1896, when the Nakhon Si Thammarat kingdom was abolished and incorporated into Siam. It originally contained the provinces Songkhla, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Phatthalung. In 1896-1897 the administration was in Songkhla in the present-day Songkhla National Museum.

1925 Monthon Surat was incorporated into Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1932 as was Monthon Pattani. All monthons were dismantled in 1933.

List of commissioners
1896-1906 Phraya Sukhumnaiwinit (Pan Sukhum)
1906-1910 Phraya Chonlaburanurak (Charoen Charuchinda)
1910-1925 Prince of Lopburi

Nakhon Si Thammarat
Brett Young

Brett Young may refer to:

 Brett Young (Canadian football) (1967–2015), American player of Canadian football
 Brett Young (singer) (born 1981), American country singer-songwriter
 Brett Young (album), 2017
 Brett Young (EP), 2016
 Ace Young (Brett Asa Young, born 1980), American singer
 Francis Brett Young (1884–1954), English novelist, poet, playwright, and composer
Bergen Prizes

The Bergen Prizes were three British merchantmen (Betsy, Union, and Charming Polly) that were captured by Captain Pierre Landais of the USS Alliance and John Paul Jones of the USS Bonhomme Richard in 1779. Landais, who had had numerous disagreements with Jones over the command of the squadron in European waters, sent the vessels to Bergen, Norway. Once there, they were repaired and handed back to the British consul, depriving their captors of the satisfaction of having hurt the enemy and of any hope of being rewarded for their efforts.. However, the subject of indemnity was broached by Jones, who turned up in person at Copenhagen. Ultimately, no payment was made by the Danish government due to the existence of a treaty signed between the English and Danish governments in 1660 that obligated Denmark to England. As a result, no reward was given to the captains or crew of the United States vessels responsible for the capture of the merchantmen until the United States Congress ratified reimbursement to Landais in 1806 and the heirs of Jones in 1848.

Sources
Dictionary of American History by James Truslow Adams, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, United States Navy, 1959

Prize warfare
Law of the sea
Lola 8

Lola 8 is a computer developed by Ivo Lola Ribar Institute of SR Serbia in 1982 and announced for release in 1985. As the manufacturer's focus was CNC equipment, Lola 8 was built out of components they used for CNC machines.

Originally likely designed as the industrial controller, the computer initially had a keyboard completely orthogonally laid out rectangular key caps. This was possibly done as a result of using standard CNC keyboard components that need to minimize the entry of environmental dirt into the system. Later designs (model "8A") used standard keyboard arrangement and were available in a number of schools as educational computers.

Specifications
 CPU: Intel 8085
 ROM: 16 KB containing BASIC, 24 KB on Lola 8A 
 RAM: 6 KB, 16KB on Lola 8A 
 Storage: cassette tape
 Graphics: 320x200 on Lola 8A
 Sound: AY-3-8912 on Lola 8A
 I/O ports: cassette tape interface, composite and RF video out, audio and expansion connector

References

Personal computers
Teodoro R. Yangco

Teodoro Rafael "Theo" Yangco (November 9, 1861 – April 20, 1939) was a Filipino businessman who served in a variety of public and civic offices and was considered to be the foremost Filipino philanthropist of his time. He served as the Resident Commissioner of the Philippines from 1917 to 1920. He was the longest-serving president of the YMCA in the Philippines (1911–1925) and was called the "Father of the YMCA of the Philippines".

Biography
Yangco was born on November 9, 1861 in San Antonio, Zambales. He was the only child of shipping magnate Luis R. Yangco and Ramona Arguelles Corpus, widow of Tomas Corpus, and is of Chinese descent through his father. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1880 and graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1881. He pursued a commercial course at Ealing Commercial College in London from 1882 to 1886.

Yangco established a shipping company, organized a bus company called TRY TRAN, set up a shipyard, and founded a big department store named Bazar Siglo XX and a huge dry-goods market in Divisoria called Yangco Market. He also became president of Insular Life. He followed his father's practice of investing his surplus earnings in properties suitable for commercial purposes.

A member of the Nacionalista Party, Yangco succeeded Manuel L. Quezon, who later became President of the Philippines, as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the U.S. Congress, and he served from March 4, 1917 to March 3, 1920. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1920 and resumed his business activities in Manila.

Yangco was one of the founders of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines and was its president for several years. In 1923, he represented it in the first Pan Pacific Commercial Conference in Honolulu, Hawaii where he eloquently defended the cause for Philippine independence.

He died on April 20, 1939. He is buried in the Manila North Cemetery.

Legacy
Yangco donated large sums of money to various charitable, religious and civic organizations. Aside from his cash donation, he also donated various parcels of land in Metro Manila and Zambales. One of the biggest properties he donated was the 31,031 square meter lot in a commercial area in Manila that became the site of YMCA of the Philippines.

References

External links

1861 births
1939 deaths
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Burials at the Manila North Cemetery
Members of the United States Congress of Filipino descent
People from Zambales
Resident Commissioners of the Philippines
Nacionalista Party politicians
University of Santo Tomas alumni
YMCA leaders
Members of the United States Congress of Chinese descent
People from the Spanish East Indies
Eugène Lami

Eugène Louis Lami (12 January 1800 – 19 December 1890) was a French painter and lithographer. He was a painter of fashionable Paris during the period of the July Monarchy and the Second French Empire and also made history paintings and illustrations for books such as Gil Blas and Manon Lescaut.

Biography
He worked at the studio of Horace Vernet then studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris with Camille Roqueplan and Paul Delaroche under Antoine-Jean Gros. While there, he learned watercolor technique from Richard Parkes Bonington and later became a founding member of the Society of French Watercolorists.

Lami began working in lithography and in 1819 produced a set of 40 lithographs depicting the Spanish cavalry. These, plus a collaboration with Vernet on a large set of lithographs titled Collections des uniformes des armées françaises de 1791 à 1814  helped build a reputation for doing military scenes which transferred to his paintings. His 1829 portrait of the English king, Charles I of England as he was being led to imprisonment in Carisbrooke Castle was purchased by King Louis-Philippe of France and was on display in the French National Assembly from 1848 to 1969.

Today, this work along with his 1840 painting of Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, duchesse d'Orléans in the gardens of the Tuileries Palace are both in the Louvre. Lami's painting of the Battle of New Orleans, depicting the moment of the American victory over the British on 26 January 1815 is in the Louisiana State Museum at The Cabildo in New Orleans. He also painted a scene of the storming of Redoubt #10 during the Siege of Yorktown.

Gallery

References

19th Century Watercolors by Christopher Finch (1991) Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.)

External links

Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Lami (see index)

1800 births
1890 deaths
19th-century French painters
French male painters
French lithographers
Pupils of Antoine-Jean Gros
19th-century French male artists