alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Arnold Rice Rich

Arnold Rice Rich (March 28, 1893 – April 17, 1968) was an American pathologist.

Career

Born March 28, 1893, in Birmingham, Alabama, Rich attended the University of Virginia, majoring in biology, and then the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland, from which he received his M.D. degree in 1919. He remained associated with Hopkins the rest of his career. He was appointed Chairman of the Department of Pathology and pathologist-in-chief of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1944, until he retired in 1958.

Work

Rich had broad interests in medicine. Among his many contributions, he classified jaundice, helped understand the formation of bile pigment, studied the relationship between hypersensitivity and immunity, especially in tuberculosis (on which he was one of the reigning experts) and discovered the phagocytic function of the Gaucher cell, the hallmark of Gaucher's disease.

A number of diseases or conditions are named after Rich, including:
Hamman-Rich syndrome and the 
Rich focus

Personal life

Rich was Jewish. His father Samuel Rice was an Ashkenazi immigrant from Košice in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day Slovakia), while his mother was a Sephardi Jew from Vicksburg, Mississippi. Samuel Rice owned a successful shoe store in Birmingham. In 1925 Arnold married the pianist and composer Helen Jones. They had two daughters: the poet Adrienne Rich (1929-2012 ) and the writer Cynthia Rich (1933- ). Arnold Rice Rich died April 17, 1968, in Baltimore, Maryland.

References

External links
Brief biography of Rich in WhoNamedIt?
Arnold Rice Rich, A Biographical Memoir by Ella H. Oppenheimer

1893 births
1968 deaths
American Ashkenazi Jews
American pathologists
American people of Slovak-Jewish descent
American Sephardic Jews
University of Virginia alumni
Jewish physicians
Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
Physicians from Birmingham, Alabama
20th-century American physicians
20th-century American Sephardic Jews
't Woud

t Woud is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 12 km east of Amersfoort.

't Woud was founded by farmers at the beginning of the 20th century. After they had made the soil ready for farming they expanded their operations for decades. Nowadays only a few large farming companies are left. The other inhabitants are merely people who love living on the countryside.

It was first mentioned between 1830 and 1855 as 't Woud, and means wood. The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. There are no place name signs, and the hamlet consists of about 30 houses.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Nijkerkerveen

Nijkerkerveen is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 6 km east of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1807 as Nieuwkerker Vheen, and means "bog near Nijkerk". In 1840, it was home to 1,197 people. In 1908, the first church was built.

References

External links

  Nijkerkerveen is het Hart van Nijkerk

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Holkerveen

Holkerveen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk and lies about six kilometers northeast of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1994 as Holkerveen, and means bog near Holk. The hamlet started in the 19th century as a peat colony. The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerkerveen.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Hoevelaken

Hoevelaken is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 5 km east of Amersfoort.

Hoevelaken was a separate municipality until 2000, when it was merged with Nijkerk.

History 
It was first mentioned in 1132 as Hovelaken, and means "estate near the river Laak". It started as a linear settlement. In 1402, the castle Huis te Hoevelaken was built. In 1672, it was destroyed and probably most of the village was destroyed as well. Between 1806 and 1809, the road from Amersfoort to Deventer was paved which resulted in an increase of economical activity in the village. The tower of the Dutch Reformed Church dates from the 16th century. The medieval church has disappeared during the extensions of 1866 and 1930. In 1840, Hoevelaken was home to 742 people.

Transport links
In national context, the town is mostly known because of the homonymous motorway interchange between the E30, E231 and E232. This interchange is an important hub for north- and eastbound traffic in the Netherlands.

Hoevelaken railway station opened in 2012 to serve the town.

Notable residents 

 Henry Timmer, football player
 Levi van Veluw, artist and photographer
 Conny Vandenbos, singer

Gallery

References

Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2000
Populated places in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Nijkerk
Alfred Burne

Alfred Higgins Burne DSO (1886–1959) was a soldier and military historian. He invented the concept of Inherent Military Probability; in battles and campaigns where there is some doubt over what action was taken, Burne believed that the action taken would be one which a trained staff officer of the twentieth century would take.

Career 
Alfred Burne was educated at Winchester School and RMA Woolwich, before being  commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1906. He was awarded the DSO during the First World War and, during World War II, was Commandant of the 121st Officer Cadet Training Unit. He retired as a Lieutenant-Colonel.

He was Military Editor of Chambers Encyclopedia from 1938 to 1957 and  became an authority on the history of land warfare. He was a contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography.

Burne lived in Kensington and his funeral was held at St Mary Abbots there.

Inherent Military Probability 
Burne introduced the concept of Inherent Military Probability (IMP) to the study of military history.  He himself defined it thus :

My method here is to start with what appear to be undisputed facts, then to place myself in the shoes of each commander in turn, and to ask myself in each case what I would have done.  This I call working on Inherent Military Probability. I then compare the resulting action with the existing record in order to see whether it discloses any incompatibility with the existing facts.  If not, I then go on to the next debatable or obscure point in the battle and repeat the operation  

More succinctly, John Keegan defined IMP as 
The solution of an obscurity by an estimate of what a trained soldier would have done in the circumstances

Bibliography
Mesopotamia, The Last Phase (1936)
Lee, Grant and Sherman (1938)
The Art of War on Land (1944)
Strategy as Exemplified in the Second World War (1946)
The Noble Duke of York (1949)
The Battlefields of England (1950)
More Battlefields of England (1953)
The Woolwich Mess (1954)
The Crecy War (1954)
The Agincourt War (1956)
A Military History of the First Civil War (1642-1646) (with Peter Young, 1959)

References

1886 births
1959 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Royal Artillery officers
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
British military historians
Achterhoek, Nijkerk

Achterhoek () is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 6 km north of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1608 as "in den Achterhoeck", and means "far away corner". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. It has no place name signs. In 1840, Achterhoek and De Veenhuis had a combined population of 190 people. Nowadays, Achterhoek consists of about 30 houses.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Rich focus

A Rich focus is a tuberculous granuloma occurring within the cortex or meninges of the brain that ruptures into the subarachnoid space, causing tuberculous meningitis. The Rich focus is named for Arnold Rice Rich, a pathologist at Johns Hopkins Hospital, who along with his colleague Howard McCordock first described the post-mortem finding of caseous foci within the cerebral cortex or meninges which appeared to predate the development of meningitis. Prior to their research the prevailing view had been that meningitis occurred as a result of the dissemination of tuberculous bacilli associated with miliary tuberculosis and that these processes occurred at the same time.


Developments
More recently a more comprehensive classification of the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis has been proposed by Donald et al.:
 A Rich focus develops as a result of haematogenous dissemination from the primary complex, including miliary tuberculousis, subsequently rupturing into the sub-arachnoid space.
 A Rich focus develops within the choroid plexus or ventricular walls as a result of haematogenous dissemination.
 The mechanism described by Rich and McCordock in which haematogenous dissemination at the time of infection, or later, results in development of a Rich focus which is initially controlled but later ruptures into the subarachnoid space.
 Direct extension from an adjacent structure such as the vertebrae results in development of meningitis.

References

Neurological disorders
De Veenhuis

De Veenhuis is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 6 km north of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1453 as "op Veenhusen", and means "houses on the moorland". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. In 1840, it was home to 190 people. De Veenhuis has no place name signs, and nowadays consists of about 10 houses.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Wijk

Wijk can refer to:

Wijk aan Zee, part of the municipality Beverwijk, in North Holland, the Netherlands
Wijk bij Duurstede, in Utrecht, the Netherlands
Wijk en Aalburg, the main town in the municipality of Aalburg, North Brabant, the Netherlands

See also
Wyk (disambiguation)
Holk

Holk is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 7 km northeast of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned around 1325 as Hollic, and means "low lying neighbourhood". Holk is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. In 1840, it was home to 204 people. Since 2012, it has place name signs.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Doornsteeg

Doornsteeg is a neighbourhood of Nijkerk and a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 8 km northeast of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1556 as Dorenstege, and means "thorny path". The hamlet consists of about 25 houses. Since 2016, Nijkerk has started to build a new neighbourhood near the hamlet. It will consists of about 1,200 houses and cover an area of .

References
 

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Slichtenhorst

Slichtenhorst is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 8 km east of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1434 as Slichterhorst, and means "flat height with growth". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. The land around Slichtenhorst used to be owned by the Abdinckhof monastery in Paderborn. In 1803, during the French occupation, the land was confiscated by the State and sold to Dutch farmers. In 1840, Slichtenhorst was home to 423 people.

References
 

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Driedorp

Driedorp is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 10 km east of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1874 as Driedorp and probably means "village of three houses". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. The village developed in the late 19th century, and used to have a railway stop from 1903 until 1933. A little church was built in 1867 and since 2010, it is an independent church, because it did not want to join the united Protestant Church in the Netherlands. In 2019, it won the competition for most beautiful place name in Gelderland.

References
 

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Metanephrogenic blastema

The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud.

The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.

The system of tissue induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric blastema is a reciprocal control system. GDNF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, is produced by the metanephric blastema and is essential in binding to the Ret receptor on the ureteric bud, which bifurcates and coalesces as a result to form the renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. Mutations in the EYA1 gene, whose product regulates GDNF expression in the developing kidney, lead to the renal abnormalities of BOR syndrome (branchio-oto-renal syndrome).

See also
 Mesenchyme
 Metanephros
 Blastema
 Kidney development

References

External links
 
 
 Diagram at mcgill.ca 1
 Diagram at mcgill.ca 2
 

Embryology
Regina (program)

Regina is a suite of mathematical software for 3-manifold topologists. It focuses upon the study of 3-manifold triangulations and includes support for normal surfaces and angle structures.

Features 

 Regina implements a variant of Rubinstein's 3-sphere recognition algorithm.  This is an algorithm that determines whether or not a triangulated 3-manifold is homeomorphic to the 3-sphere.
 Regina further implements the connect-sum decomposition.  This will decompose a triangulated 3-manifold into a connect-sum of triangulated prime 3-manifolds.
 Homology and Poincare duality for 3-manifolds, including the torsion linking form.
 Includes portions of the SnapPea kernel for some geometric calculations.
 Has both a GUI and Python interface.

See also 

 Computational topology

References

Mathematical software
Nekkeveld

Nekkeveld is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 8 km north of Amersfoort.

Nekkeveld is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. It was first mentioned in 1250 as "in Ekelenvelde", and means field with oak trees. There are no official place name signs, however a farmer has put a sign in its driveway. Nekkeveld consists of about 7 houses.

Gallery

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Balance lock

The balance lock was a type of boat lift designed by James Fussell (1748-1832)  to transport boats up and down a hillside on a canal. An experimental balance lock was built as part of the Dorset and Somerset Canal and work was started for four more, but the project failed for financial reasons and they were not completed.

History
When the Dorset and Somerset Canal was authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1796, the builders were faced with the need for many locks, as the branch to Frome needed to accommodate a change in level of . James Fussell was a knowledgeable ironworker, and proposed the building of boat lifts to raise and lower the boats, rather than conventional locks. There had been some precursors, for John Duncombe had invented a counterbalanced lift in 1790, while working as the engineer on the Ellesmere Canal, and Robert Wheldon was proposing to use lifts on the nearby Somerset Coal Canal.

From the documents which accompanied the bill when it was submitted to parliament, it is evident that Fussell's plans were already well-formulated. However, since the design was untested, an experimental boat lift was built at the top of Barrow Hill. It would be capable of handling boats weighing 10 tons, and would raise them by . In many respects, it was similar to those later built by James Green on the Grand Western Canal, which also used counterbalanced caissons. However, there were differences. One was that Fussell's design used chains which passed round wheels attached to the caisson, the end of which was fixed to the top of the structure, whereas Green fixed his chains to a bar on the caisson. Fussells design included guide rails running up the chamber, which steadied the caisson, and he used a separate chamber beneath the caisson to hold extra water, which made the top tank heavier, and thus provided the motive power to cause the lift to operate. The design of his balance lock formed the basis for a patent application, number 2284, which he obtained in 1798.

The trial lift was completed, and a series of tests were carried out in September and October 1800. The Bath Chronicle carried a report of the test on 16 October, stating that the lift had been operated several times, without any difficulty or problems, and that engineers had inspected it carefully and declared themselves entirely satisfied. The company intended to build five more lifts on Barrow Hill, and pits for four of them were excavated. Some stone work was also begun, but the company ran out of money, and the project was abandoned following the failure to raise additional money in 1803.

Details
Following excavations at the site in 2005 and 2006, the structure was estimated to be  high and  long. The total width was around , which included the two pits and a central spine wall.

See also

Canals of the United Kingdom
History of the British canal system
Caisson lock

Bibliography

References

External links
 Dorset and Somerset canal, with information on locks

Locks (water navigation)
Kruishaar

Kruishaar is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 11 km east of Amersfoort. A small part belongs to the municipality of Putten.

It was first mentioned in 1560 as Cruyshaer, and means "sandy ridge with a cross sign". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. There are no place name signs. There are about 70 living vans in Kruishaar.

References
 

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Putten
Prinsenkamp

Prinsenkamp is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Nijkerk, and lies about 16 km east of Amersfoort.

It was first mentioned in 1835 as Achterste Prinsenkamp, and means "fenced off land belonging to the Prinsen family". The postal authorities have placed it under Nijkerk. There are no place name signs. During World War II, most farms were destroyed. Nowadays, there are about 270 holiday homes in Prinsenkamp.

References

Populated places in Gelderland
Nijkerk
Sarai Banjara train disaster

The Sarai Banjara rail disaster occurred on 2 December 2000, when a derailed freight train crossed onto the opposite track early in the morning in Punjab, India. A Howrah–Amritsar Express a passenger train coming from other direction hit the freight train head-on at speed, killing 46 people and injuring at least 150.

The accident started when a cracked rail on the line between Mandi Gobindgarh and Rajpura in Punjab derailed a large freight train at 5.40 am without causing any injuries. The derailed train was covering both sides of the track, and so the driver dismounted to give a warning. As he was walking to the train office in Sarai Banjara railway station, the Howrah Mail train traveling between Calcutta and Amritsar crashed into the derailed freight train head-on at high speed.

Although the wreckage did not catch fire, the devastation was serious, with jack-knifed carriages, twisted metal, and the sheer number of injured people hampering the immediate rescue efforts. Ambulances arrived to take the injured to hospital, whilst local people, working alongside railway officials and emergency services tried to free the survivors trapped in the wreckage.

The final death toll was given as 46 killed and over 150 injured in the crash, although there have been some claims that over 50 people were killed. As is the custom in India, the rail authorities promised by way of compensation: 15,000 rupees to the families of the dead, 5,000 rupees to those seriously injured, and 500 to those with minor injuries. 

Some politicians involved in the investigation initially believed that sabotage may have caused the goods train to derail, but a subsequent investigation concluded that the accident was entirely the result of poor track maintenance, combined with an inefficient warning system in case of emergency. The sabotage claim has been suggested by some as a ruse to disguise the dilapidated state of India's rail network. 

Following the crash, the Hindustan Times ran an editorial, which commented:

"Indian Railways possibly runs the most unsafe service in the world. If the trains aren't killing people in collisions, then they are running over people at manned and unmanned crossings ... the body count is too high for anyone to feel safe in a train."

The site of the crash was not far from that of the Khanna rail disaster of 1998, in which 211 people were killed.

External links
Tribune News Reports
Report on the crash
World Socialist Report on track safety

Derailments in India
Railway accidents in 2000
2000 disasters in India
2000s in Punjab, India
Rail transport in Punjab, India
December 2000 events in India
John Stinson (Canadian politician)

John Stinson (March 12, 1764 – January 7, 1842) was a political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in New Hampshire in 1764, the son of a United Empire Loyalist also named John Stinson. He originally came to Sophiasburgh Township in 1786 but later settled in Hallowell Township. In 1796, he was named justice of the peace for the Midland District. He also was a captain in the local militia and served during the War of 1812. He was elected to the 5th Parliament of Upper Canada for Prince Edward in an 1811 by-election and was reelected in 1812. With Joseph Willcocks, he opposed measures attempting to prepare the province for war that administrator Isaac Brock introduced in 1812.

He died in Hallowell Township in 1842.

Further reading 
Becoming Prominent: Leadership in Upper Canada, 1791-1841, J.K. Johnson (1989)

1764 births
1842 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
American emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Immigrants to Upper Canada
United Empire Loyalists
People from Prince Edward County, Ontario
Paul E. Waldschmidt

Paul Edward Waldschmidt CSC (January 7, 1920 – October 20, 1994) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon from 1978 to 1990.

Biography
Born in Evansville, Indiana (U.S.), he graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1942. Waldschmidt was ordained to the priesthood on June 24, 1944, for the Congregation of Holy Cross. From 1962 to 1978, Waldschmidt served as president of the University of Portland. In 1969, Waldschmidt was elected as a member of the board of trustees and as a member of the Fellows of the University of Notre Dame.

On November 28, 1977, he was appointed titular bishop of Citium and auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon. He was consecrated on March 2, 1978. Waldschmidt resigned on January 8, 1990.

In 1992, Waldschmidt Hall, the main administration building of the University of Portland, was named for the former president of the university.

He died on October 20, 1994.

References

1920 births
1994 deaths
People from Evansville, Indiana
University of Notre Dame alumni
20th-century American Roman Catholic titular bishops
University of Portland people
Congregation of Holy Cross bishops
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon
Catholics from Indiana
Bredstedt

Bredstedt (; ; North Frisian: Bräist, ) is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast, approximately 20 km northwest of Husum.

Notable people
Christian Albrecht Jensen (1792–1870), portrait painter who depicted most of the leading figures of the Danish Golden Age
Hans Carl Knudtzon (1751–1823) emigrated to Norway and became a merchant, ship-owner and politician.

References

Nordfriesland
Peter McEnery

Peter Robert McEnery (born 21 February 1940) is a retired English stage and film actor.

Early life
McEnery was born in Walsall, Staffordshire, to Charles and Ada Mary (née Brinson) McEnery. He was educated at Ellesmere College, Shropshire.

His younger brothers are actor John and the photographer David.

Career
McEnery appeared in Victim, a 1961 British neo-noir suspense film directed by Basil Dearden in which McEnery plays Barrett, a young working-class gay man who falls prey to blackmailers after he and the titular character are photographed in an intimate embrace. McEnery also starred alongside Hayley Mills in the 1964 film The Moon-Spinners. In 1966 he took the lead in the Disney adventure film, The Fighting Prince of Donegal. He played Edwin Clayhanger in the television dramatisation of the novels by Arnold Bennett with support from Janet Suzman, Harry Andrews and Clive Swift. He played Mr Sloane in Entertaining Mr Sloane (1970).

As an actor for the Royal Shakespeare Company he played the title role in Ron Daniel's 1979 production of Pericles, Prince of Tyre at The Other Place and played several roles in the 1982 epic production of Nicholas Nickleby for the same company. In 1981 he played Oberon in the BBC Television Shakespeare production of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Another stage role was that of the surgeon Treves in the National Theatre's 1980 production of The Elephant Man.

Personal life
McEnery married Julie Peasgood in 1978. They met in 1975 when she played a maid called Ada in the Clayhanger television series in which McEnery starred. They later divorced. Their daughter Kate was born in 1981.

Filmography

 Beat Girl (1960) – Tony
 Tunes of Glory (1960) – 2nd Lieutenant David MacKinnon
 Victim (1961) – Jack 'Boy' Barrett
 The Moon-Spinners (1964) – Mark Camford
 The Game Is Over (1966) – Maxime Saccard
 The Fighting Prince of Donegal (1966) – "Red" Hugh O'Donnell
 I Killed Rasputin (1967) – Felix Yusupov
 The Other People (1968) – Peter
 Negatives (1968) – Theo
 Better a Widow (1968) – Tom Proby
 The Adventures of Gerard (1970) – Col. Etienne Gerard (Hussars of Conflans)
 Entertaining Mr Sloane (1970) – Mr Sloane
 Atlantic Wall (1970) – Jeff
 Tales That Witness Madness (1973) – Timothy (segment "Penny Farthing")
 Footprints on the Moon (1975) – Henry
 The Cat and the Canary (1978) – Charlie Wilder
 Lucky Punch (1996) – Flaherty

Television
 The Clayhanger Family (1976) – Edwin Clayhanger
 The Aphrodite Inheritance (1979, TV Mini-Series, BBC) – David Collier
 The Hammer House of Horror (1980, Episode: "The Mark of Satan") – Edwyn
 A Midsummer Night's Dream (1981, TV Movie, Oberon, BBC) – Oberon
 The Mistress (1985, BBC) – Luke #2 (1987)
 The Collectors (1986, BBC) – Harry Caines
 Inspector Morse (1988, ITV) – Donald Phillipson

References

External links

1940 births
Living people
People from Walsall
Male actors from Staffordshire
English male film actors
English male television actors
Royal Shakespeare Company members
Niebüll

Niebüll (; ; ) is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast and the border with Denmark, approx. 35 km northwest of Husum.

International relations

Niebüll is twinned with:
 Płoty, Poland
 Malmesbury, England

Notable people
 Momme Andresen (1857–1951), born in Risum, educated in Niebüll, industrial chemist who made practical developments in photography including the invention of Rodinal
Carl Ludwig Jessen (1833–1917), painter of North Frisian daily life.
Carsta Löck (1902–1993), actress
Max Hansen (1908–1990), Waffen SS Standartenführer
 Bernd Raffelhüschen (born 1957), economist

References

Towns in Schleswig-Holstein
Nordfriesland
Hindenburg Omen

The Hindenburg Omen was a proposed technical analysis pattern, named after the Hindenburg disaster of May 6, 1937.  It was created by Jim Miekka, who believed that it predicted stock market crashes.

History

The theory is largely based on Norman G. Fosback's High Low Logic Index (HLLI). The value of the HLLI is the lesser of the NYSE new highs or new lows divided by the number of NYSE issues traded, smoothed by an appropriate exponential moving average. The theory itself was promoted by Jim Miekka.

Mechanics
The pattern is a combination of technical factors that attempt to measure the health of the NYSE, and as a result, the stock market in general. The goal of the indicator is to identify increased probability of a stock market crash.

The rationale is that under "normal conditions"  a substantial number of stocks may set either new annual highs or new annual lows, but not both at the same time. As a healthy market possesses a degree of uniformity, whether up or down, the simultaneous presence of many new highs and lows may signal trouble.

Criteria include:

 The daily number of NYSE new 52-week highs and the daily number of new 52-week lows are both greater than a threshold (proposed at 2.8%)
 The NYSE index is greater in value than it was 50 trading days ago - 50-day Rate of Change (ROC) should be positive. Originally, this was expressed as a rising 10-week moving average.

As a rule, the shorter the time-frame in which the conditions listed above occur, and the greater the number of conditions observed in that time frame, the stronger the effect. If several—but not all—of the conditions are repeatedly observed within a few weeks, that is a stronger indicator than all of the conditions observed just once during a 30-day period.

See also 
 VIX, Chicago Board Options Exchange Market Volatility Index

References

Technical analysis
Indiana University School of Education

The Indiana University School of Education (abbreviated as IU School of Education) is a constituent school of Indiana University Bloomington and one of the top-ranked schools of education in the United States. It offers a range of degrees in professional education: a B.S. in teacher education, leading to a teaching license, M.S., education specialist (Ed.S.) and doctoral (Ed.D., Ph.D.) degrees.

Academics
There are 4 departments in the IU School of Education:
Counseling and Educational Psychology
Curriculum and Instruction
Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
Instructional Systems Technology

Research Centers 
There are 3 research centers at the IU School of Education:

 Center for Evaluation and Education Policy (CEEP)
 Center for Postsecondary Research (CPR)
 Center for Research on Learning and Technology (CRLT)

Since 2014, the Center for Postsecondary Research has been responsible for the maintenance and production of the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the largest and most prominent framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. Created in 1970, it is named after and was originally created by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

History
In May 1923 the School of Education became autonomous from the College of Arts and Sciences. In 1925 the first B.S. in education was granted; in 1929 the first M.S., and in 1932 the first Ed.D. The Ph.D. with a major in education has been awarded through the University Graduate School since 1924.

In 1951, the School of Education moved into a three-story limestone building. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Indiana University School of Education grew to become one of the largest schools of education in the United States. In 1992, the School of Education in Bloomington moved into a new W. W. Wright Education Building.

Accreditations and rankings
IU's School of Education  counts some of the country's leading scholars and educational leaders among its faculty and alumni, including former US Secretary of Education Rod Paige. It has been accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
(NCATE) since the foundation of NCATE in 1954. The School of Education houses masters degree programs in Mental Health Counseling and School Counseling, both of which are accredited by the Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC).

U.S. News & World Report have consistently placed the school among the top graduate schools of education in the United States since the rankings began in 1987.

References

External links
 Official Site

Indiana University
Schools of education in Indiana
Universities and colleges established in 1923
1923 establishments in Indiana
Sandblast Rally

Sandblast Rally is a rally racing event for both cars and motorcycles.  The event takes place in the towns of Chesterfield, Cheraw and Patrick, South Carolina, USA.  Recently, the events have been held February of each year.  The 2008 event was the largest rally in the United States.

Unusual Attributes

The rally takes place within the Sand Hills State Forest, part of the Sandhills region of the Carolinas. Traditionally, rallies take place on closed tarmac or gravel roads. Sandblast rally roads are almost entirely sand. Some of the roads are compacted by heavy trucks, some of the more infrequently used roads are quite soft. This presents an unusual challenge to rally cars, as the constant drag of the sand increases the wear and drag on the transmissions. The driving technique is also different from other rallies, as the soft sand on the side of the road can be similar to a snowbank, while the braking ability exceeds that of tarmac with slick tires.

History

Long named “Sandhills Sandblast” after the region, the event was first organized by Greg Healey in the early nineties. In only the second year of running, the event was tapped to become part of the SCCA ProRally national championship. Healey moved north to Pennsylvania in the mid-nineties and the rally lay dormant for several years. These first rallies differed from the current setup in that they started at noon and ran well into the night, using three or four stages run in complete darkness.

In 2001 Charles Sherrill resurrected the event and ran similar stages as before. One of the busiest years was 2003 when the event ran twice in one year, spring and fall. The fall event was the first event sanctioned by the newly formed NASA Rally Sport organization.

The summer of 2005 saw Sherrill looking west and thinking of starting another rally. Thus the reigns of the rally were passed to the current organizer, Anders Green. The official rally name was simplified to “Sandblast Rally” at that time.

The February 2007 event saw the introduction of motorcycles as part of NASA Rally Sport's new RallyMoto program.

Past winners

References

External links
Official Sandblast Rally web page
Event organizing group Lina Racing
The Sandblast Rally experience with an open light car 

Rally competitions in the United States
Motorsport in South Carolina
Tourist attractions in Chesterfield County, South Carolina
Leck, Nordfriesland

Leck (; Mooring North Frisian: Leek) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 30 km north of Husum, and 30 km west of Flensburg.

It is also home to the former Leck Air Base.

Climate

References

Nordfriesland
Ivan Skobrev

Ivan Aleksandrovich Skobrev (; born 8 February 1983 in Khabarovsk) is a Russian speed skater.

Career

At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he won the bronze medal in the 5000 meters as well as the silver medal in the 10000 meters. He is the 2011 European and World Allround Champion.

At the 2006 European Championships he finished in fifth place. He qualified for four distances for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. He finished eleventh in the 5000 meters, sixth in the 1500 and 10000 meters and fifth in the team pursuit.

In December 2017, he was one of eleven Russian athletes who were banned for life from the Olympics by the International Olympic Committee, after doping offences at the 2014 Winter Olympics. The ban was subsequently overturned on appeal to the court of arbitration for sport (CAS).

Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Skobrev skated his personal records.

With a score of 146.008 points, Skobrev is in 10th place on the Adelskalender as of March 10, 2019. He was in fifth place most of the time from February 12, 2011, to December 3, 2017.

References

External links
 
 
 Ivan Skobrev at SpeedSkatingStats.com
 Ivan Skobrev at SSN.info
 Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
 Historical World Records. International Skating Union.
 Photos of Ivan Skobrev

1983 births
Russian male speed skaters
Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic speed skaters for Russia
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Speed skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Universiade medalists in speed skating
Sportspeople from Khabarovsk
Sportspeople from Norwalk, Connecticut
Living people
Doping cases in speed skating
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Jirawala Tirth

Jirawala Tirth is a Jain temple in Jirawala village of Sirohi District in Rajasthan, India. It lies 58 km from Abu Road. The temple is considered an important Jain pilgrimage center.

History 
According to Jain belief, the temple dates back to 2,800 years back. Jirawala has been an important Jain centre between 506 CE to 1324 CE and received patronage by multiple Jain acharyas. The iconic idol of Parshvanath, the principal deity of the temple, was found during an excavation. The cow belonging to Brahmin boy Kadwa used to pour out its milk every day near a cave in Jirawala. Upon hearing about this by Brahmin boy, Jain Seth Dhanna Shah dreamt of a Parshvanath idol where cow went to pour milk. After the search, the idol was found from the same spot and the idol was installed by Acharya Deva Gupta Suri in 894 CE. An idol of Neminatha was temporarily replaced as mulnayak of the temple.

During 2001 Gujarat earthquake, the temple structure was damaged and was later restored in 2017 with a cost of .

Architecture 
The temple has an ornate architecture. The temple has a large domical structure as the principal shrine with domical 52 sub-shrine along the axis of principal shrine. There a total of 108 idols of Parshvanatha in these shrines each bearing a different name with central shrine housing idol of Jirawala Parshvanatha, the principal deity of the temple. There are total of 60 dhwaja stambha in the temple complex.

About temple 

The current structure of the temple dates back to 1134 AD. The temple is considered an important Jain pilgrimage center. 
The principal deity of the temple is a  white coloured idol of Parshvanatha popularly known as Jirawala Parshvanath. The idol is believed to made using mixture milk and sand. In Shvetambara tradition, idols tend to derive their name from a geographical region, the Jirawala Parshvanath is one of 108 prominent idols of Parshvanath idols. The replicas of Jirawala Parshvanatha is popular among Śvētāmbara murtipujaka. According to Jain belief, worshipping these local replication idols allow them to directly worship to the original idol. There is a temple with an image of Neminatha, too. These temples were attacked and desecrated during Muslim rule but were later renovated by the Jain community. The village was a place of pilgrimage for Jains. Many Jain saints and scholars visited the place and composed the religious books there during the fifteenth century.

he temple also has a dharamshala equipped with all modern facilities, including bhojanalaya (a restaurant).

See also 
 Dilwara temples

References

Citation

Sources

Books

Web

External links 
 

Jain temples in Rajasthan
Tourist attractions in Sirohi district
12th-century Jain temples
Reußenköge

Reußenköge () is a sparsely populated municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated directly adjacent the shoreline of the North Sea coast, in a driving distance of in between 15 up to 29 km northwest of the county-capital city of Husum.

The municipality includes a number of six populated polders (), two of which were financed by Count Heinrich XLIII of Reuß-Schleiz-Köstritz and his wife Louise and thus bear the names Louisen-Reußen-Koog (const. 1799) and Reußenkoog (1789). Additional polders are:

 Sophien-Magdalenen-Koog (const. 1742)
 Desmerciereskoog (1767)
 Cecilienkoog (1905)
 Sönke-Nissen-Koog (1926)
 Beltringharder Koog (only unsettled northern part) (1987)

The name of the municipality was created by combining both the first names, meaning literally in . A further non-residential location within the municipality is the Hamburger Hallig. In former times being a settled part of the island of Alt-Nordstrand, it was split up from the rest by the Burchardi Flood in the year 1634.

References

Nordfriesland
Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix

Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix is a ten track companion release to the critically acclaimed television documentary series Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues shown on PBS in September 2003.

The album features two previously unreleased blues inspired performances. "Georgia Blues" (recorded on March 19, 1969 at New York's Record Plant Studios) was recorded with saxophonist Lonnie Youngblood, with whom Hendrix played some early sessions in 1966. Also previously unreleased is "Blue Window", recorded in March 1969 at Mercury Studios in New York. This track features Buddy Miles Express members: Buddy Miles on drums, Duane Hitchings on organ, Bill Rich on bass guitar and brass players Tobie Wynn, James Tatum, Bobby Rock, Pete Carter, and Tom Hall (now known as Khalil Shaheed).

Track listing
"Red House" – 3:50
"Voodoo Chile" – 15:00
"Come On (Let the Good Times Roll)" – 4:09
"Georgia Blues" – 7:57
"Country Blues" – 8:26
"Hear My Train A Comin'" – 6:57
"It's Too Bad" – 8:52
"My Friend" – 4:36
"Blue Window" – 12:51
"Midnight Lightning" – 3:06

Recording details
Track 1 recorded in London at CBS Studios on Dec. 13, 1966; De Lane Lea Studios on Feb. 1967; Olympic Studios in Apr. 1967
Track 2 recorded at Record Plant in New York City on May 2, 1968
Track 3 recorded at Record Plant in New York City on Aug. 27, 1968
Track 4 recorded at Record Plant in New York City  on Mar. 19, 1969
Track 5 recorded at Record Plant in New York City on Jan. 23, 1970
Track 6 recorded at Olympic Studios in London on Feb. 17, 1969
Track 7 recorded at Record Plant in New York City on Feb. 11, 1969
Track 8 recorded at Sound Center in New York City on Mar. 13, 1968
Track 9 recorded at Mercury Studios in New York City in Mar. 1969
Track 10 recorded at Record Plant in New York City on Mar. 23, 1970

Personnel
Jimi Hendrixguitar, vocals
Mitch Mitchell, Jimmy Mayes, Buddy Milesdrums
Noel Redding, Jack Casady, Hank Anderson, Billy Cox, Bill Richbass
Lonnie Youngbloodvocals, saxophone
Ken Pine12-string guitar
Paul Carusoharmonica
Bobby Rocktenor saxophone
Tobie Wynnbaritone saxophone
Tom Hall (Khalil Shaheed), Pete Cartertrumpet
Stephen Stillspiano
Steve Winwoodorgan
Duane Hitchingsorgan
John Winfieldorgan

References

Compilation albums published posthumously
Jimi Hendrix compilation albums
2003 compilation albums
Albums produced by Eddie Kramer
MCA Records compilation albums
Blues rock compilation albums
Abu Bakr Shah

Abu Bakr Shah Tughlaq (reigned 1389–1390), was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. He was the son of Zafar Khan and the grandson  of Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq.

Life 
After Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II (who had succeeded Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq) was murdered, Abu Bakr became ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. However, his uncle, Muhammad Shah, also desired to be ruler, and struggled against Abu Bakr over the control of the throne. Muhammad Shah attacked Delhi in August 1390 to claim the throne. Abu Bakr was defeated in August 1390, and Muhammad Shah succeeded him as king, reigning from 1390 to 1394. After his defeat, Abu Bakr was imprisoned in the fort of Meerut and died soon after.

References

Tughluq sultans
14th-century Indian Muslims
14th-century Indian monarchs
Clor (album)

Clor is the self-titled debut and only album from short-lived English post-punk revival group Clor. It was ranked number one in NME magazine's 2010 list "The 100 greatest albums you've never heard". It was released to widespread critical acclaim and reached number 77 on the UK Albums Chart.

Track listing
"Good Stuff"
"Outlines"
"Love + Pain"
"Hearts on Fire"
"Gifted"
"Stuck in a Tight Spot"
"Dangerzone"
"Magic Touch"
"Making You All Mine"
"Garden of Love"
"Goodbye"

References

2005 debut albums
Clor albums
QX (magazine)

QX started in 1995 with the aim to create communication platforms for the LGBT-community in Sweden and Scandinavia. It is published in Swedish monthly by QX Förlag AB and is the largest magazine of its kind in the region.

QX GayMap Stockholm is a printed summer guide in English to the Stockholm gay scene. The printed map has a distribution of 40,000 copies.

QX Events
QX arranges the yearly award-ceremony Gaygalan Awards, handing out prizes for LGBT-achievements since 1999. In 2004, the gala was broadcast for the first time on Sveriges Television when it was held at Hamburger Börs with Annika Lantz as the host. QX also currently rules the franchise of Mr Gay Sweden and has a sponsorship with the Stockholm Pride Agency.

Online
QX runs the Internet community Qruiser, which has over 100,000 users. It is the largest community for LGBT people in Scandinavia. There are versions in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, German and English. The website also covers entertainment news, as well as political and cultural events.

The magazine has online shops available, with pins, rainbow flags, clothes, books and jewellery.

References

External links
 QX.se

1995 establishments in Sweden
LGBT in the Nordic countries
LGBT-related Internet forums
LGBT-related magazines
LGBT-related mass media in Sweden
Magazines established in 1995
Magazines published in Stockholm
Monthly magazines published in Sweden
Swedish-language magazines

sv:QX Förlag AB#Tidningen QX
Bökingharde

Bökingharde (Mooring North Frisian: Böökinghiird; ) was an amt (collective municipality) in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated on the North Sea coast, approx. 35 km northwest of Husum. Its seat was in Risum-Lindholm. In January 2008, it was merged with the Ämter Karrharde, Süderlügum and Wiedingharde, and the municipalities Niebüll and Leck to form the Amt Südtondern.

The Amt of Bökingharde consisted of the following municipalities (population  in parentheses):

Dagebüll (939) 
Galmsbüll (664) 
Risum-Lindholm (3627) 
Stedesand (870)

Former Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein
Enthalpy of sublimation

In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid. For elemental metals, it is also equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of the gaseous metal atoms. The heat of sublimation is usually expressed in kJ/mol, although the less customary kJ/kg is also encountered.

Sublimation enthalpies

See also
 Heat
 Sublimation (chemistry) 
 Phase transition
 Clausius-Clapeyron equation

References 

Enthalpy