alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Holbrook Blinn

Holbrook Blinn was an American stage and film actor.

Early years 
Blinn was the son of American Civil War veteran Col. Charles Blinn and actress Nellie Holbrook-Blinn. He was born in San Francisco and attended Stanford University before he began a career in acting.

Biography
Blinn debuted on stage as an adult early in the 1890s with a traveling company in the western United States. By 1892 he had moved to the East, acting for two seasons in The New South. Following that experience, he headed the first dramatic troupe to tour in Alaska.

Blinn had appeared on the legitimate stage at age 6, in The Streets of London, and played throughout the United States and in London. He appeared in silent films and was the director of popular one-act plays at New York's Princess Theatre. He was also one of the founders of that theatre.

For three years Blinn acted in London in The Only Way, Don Juan's Last Wager, and Ib and Little Christina. His Broadway stage successes include The Duchess of Dantzic (1903, as Napoleon), Salvation Nell (1908) in a breakout performance as the brutish husband of Mrs. Fiske, Within the Law (1912), Molière (1919), A Woman of No Importance (1916), The Lady of the Camellias (1917), and Getting Together (1918). 
 Some of his finest silent screen accomplishments are in McTeague (1916), The Bad Man (1923), Rosita (1923), Yolanda (1924), and Janice Meredith (1924), the latter two films both starring Marion Davies.

In 1928, Blinn was unanimously elected president of the Actors' Fidelity League.

Personal life and death
At the time of his death, Blinn was married to the former Ruth Benson, an actress.

Blinn died from complications of a fall off his horse near Journey's End, his Croton-on-Hudson, New York home, and is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York.

Selected filmography

The Butterfly on the Wheel (1915)
 The Ballet Girl (1916)
Husband and Wife (1916)
McTeague (1916)
The Weakness of Man (1916)
 The Empress (1917)
 Pride (1917)
 The Seventh Sin (1917)
Rosita (1923)
Yolanda (1924)
Janice Meredith (1924)
Zander the Great (1925)
The New Commandment (1925)
 The Unfair Sex (1926)
The Telephone Girl (1927)

Sources

Great Stars of the American Stage, Profile #65 by Daniel C. Blum c.1952;1954 edition 2nd printing

References

External links

 portrait of Holbrook Blinn(moviecard)

American male child actors
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Deaths by horse-riding accident in the United States
Male actors from San Francisco
Accidental deaths in New York (state)
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Area code 318

Area code 318 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northern and central parts of the U.S. state of Louisiana. The area code was assigned in 1957 in an area code split of area code 504, to a numbering plan area that comprised nearly all of the state west of the Mississippi River, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico north to the border with Arkansas.  In 1999, the southern half of the original 318, including Lafayette and Lake Charles, received area code 337.

History
During the initial trials of direct distance dialing (DDD) in 1951, area code 318 was temporarily used as a destination code for San Francisco. Oakland and San Francisco had separate toll switches, so that calls had to be routed accordingly depending on the final destination. As the telephone equipment used at the time handled only three-digit translation, the temporary use of a distinct area code was required to distinguish between the two Bay Area cities. Area code 318 was used temporarily to specify San Francisco and areas north of the Golden Gate Bridge, while calls with destinations in Oakland or the East Bay used area code 415. When the electromechanical card-translator became available by 1953, translations using six digits were possible; the 318 code no longer was required. The entire San Francisco Bay Area returned to using area code 415.

In 1957, Louisiana's original area code 504 was split to create a numbering plan area with area code 318 for all of the state west of the Mississippi River, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico north to the border with Arkansas.

In 1999, the southern half, including Lafayette and Lake Charles, was split off with area code 337.

Further relief will be required by 2025, as 318 is expected to exhaust by early 2026. The relief area code will be area code 457. The relief date has not yet been determined. A transition to ten-digit dialing will be required before relief is implemented.

Service area

 Alexandria 
 Bastrop
 Bossier City
 Boyce
Bunkie
 Dixie Inn
 Ferriday
 Farmerville
 Homer
 Jonesboro
 Mansfield
 Many
 Marksville
 Minden 
 Monroe 
 Natchitoches
 Rayville
 Ruston
 Rosefield
 Saint Joseph
 Sarepta
 Shreveport 
 Simmesport
 Springhill
 Tallulah
 Vidalia
 Waterproof
 West Monroe
 Winnfield
 Winnsboro

See also
List of Louisiana area codes
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes

References

External links

Telecommunications-related introductions in 1957
318
318
Shreveport, Louisiana
Edgewood Golf Course

Edgewood Golf Course may refer to:

 Edgewood Tahoe Resort, on the south shore of Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada.
 Edgewood Golf Course, in Fargo, North Dakota.
Idiot box

Idiot box is slang for a television.  It may refer to:

The Idiot Box (TV series), a 1990 sketch comedy show on MTV starring Alex Winter
Idiot Box (webcomic), by Matt Bors
Idiot Box (film), an Australian movie starring Ben Mendelsohn and Jeremy Sims
"Idiot Box" (Incubus song), from the 1997 album S.C.I.E.N.C.E. by Incubus
"Idiot Box" (The Damned song), a song by The Damned on their 1977 album Music for Pleasure
"Idiot Box", a song by GOGO13 from the 2001 compilation album Rice Capades
Covered by The Aquabats on their albums The Return of The Aquabats (1996) and The Fury of The Aquabats! (1997)
"Idiot Box" (SpongeBob SquarePants), an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants
"The Idiot Box", a song from the album The Art of Balance by Shadows Fall

Dysphemisms
Ira Shor

Ira Shor (born June 2, 1945) is a professor at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York, where he teaches composition and rhetoric. He is also doctoral faculty in the PhD Program in English at The Graduate Center, CUNY.

Biography
Shor grew up in the working class area in the South Bronx of New York City. Shor has stated that coming from a working-class area had a powerful influence on his thinking, politics and feelings.

Personal life
Shor has one son, Paulo Shor, whom he named after his main influence Paulo Freire.

Theoretical Contribution 

In collaboration with Paulo Freire, he has been one of the leading exponents of critical pedagogy. Together they co-wrote A Pedagogy for Liberation.

Works
Critical Teaching and Everyday Life (1980)
Culture Wars: School and Society in the Conservative Restoration (1986)
A Pedagogy for Liberation, with Paulo Freire (1987)
Freire for the Classroom: A Sourcebook for Liberatory Teaching (1987)
Empowering Education (1992)
When Students have Power: Negotiating Authority in a Critical Pedagogy (1996)
Critical Literacy in Action (1999)
Education is Politics (1999)

References

American educational theorists
Living people
Critical pedagogy
1945 births
College of Staten Island faculty
People from the Bronx
Leira, Møre og Romsdal

Leira is a small village in the municipality of Volda, in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It lies between the villages of Bjørke and Viddal, at the end of Hjørundfjorden. The village is located in the Sunnmørsalpene mountains, about  from the mountains Skårasalen (to the northwest), Jakta (to the northeast), Kvitegga (to the southeast), and Hornindalsrokken (to the south).

There are about 15–20 residents in Leira, with most residents farming their land. Leira is fairly isolated, with only one road leading to it. The road goes from Bjørke, through a  long tunnel through the mountain, Kamben, before reaching Leira. The road continues along the fjord to Viddal where the road ends. The closest urban area is the village of Volda, about  to the northwest of Leira.

Prior to 2020, the village and surrounding area was part of the neighbouring municipality of Ørsta.

Name
The name is derived from the Norwegian language word leire which means 'clay'.

References

Volda
Villages in Møre og Romsdal
Rosefield

Rosefield may refer to:

 Rosefield, Louisiana
 Rosefield, Saskatchewan
 Rosefield Township, Peoria County, Illinois
 Rosefield (Windsor, North Carolina), a NRHP-listed plantation house

People with the surname
 Joseph L. Rosefield (1882–1958), businessman
Bishop of Grimsby

The Bishop of Grimsby is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after the town of Grimsby in Lincolnshire; the See was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 by Order in Council dated 15 July 1935.

The current bishop, David Court, was consecrated on 25 July 2014 at St Paul's Cathedral.

List of bishops

References

External links
 Crockford's Clerical Directory - Listings

 
Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Lincoln
Religion in Lincolnshire
Diocese of Lincoln
Botany Bay, London

Botany Bay is a hamlet in Enfield, England, on the outskirts of north London, located within the London Borough of Enfield. It has a population close to 200. The hamlet is centred at the junction of The Ridgeway – the A1005 road that links Enfield to Potters Bar and the M25 motorway – and East Lodge Lane. Enfield Chase lies to the south and west. It is about a mile from the railway station at Crews Hill.  

Botany Bay was established when Enfield Chase was enclosed in 1777 and was recorded as Botany Bay on C.G. Greenwood's map of 1819. According to the Dictionary of London Place Names its name references Botany Bay in Australia, transferred to the hamlet which was "remote and inaccessible in the middle of Enfield Chase." The place name is repeated in several counties within England.

Botany Bay amenities include The Robin Hood public house, a farm shop, a business centre, a cricket ground and club, and a chapel. Botany Bay is served by Transport For London bus route 313, which runs 7 days a week, linking the location to Potters Bar, Enfield and Chingford. 

The hamlet is part of the Chase ward of the London Borough of Enfield, which also covers Crews Hill, Clay Hill and Bulls Cross. The 2011 census showed that 77% of the ward's population was white (64% British, 11% Other, 2% Irish), 5% was Black African and 3% Black Caribbean.

There was a small primary school in the hamlet. In the early 1950s pupils were bused from Hadley Wood to Botany Bay for their schooling.

References

External links
 

Areas of London
Places in Enfield, London
Districts of the London Borough of Enfield
Places formerly in Middlesex
Daeheungsa

Daeheungsa, sometimes called Daedunsa, is a main temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.  Daeheungsa is located on the slopes of Duryunsan (Duryun Mountain) in Samsan township, Haenam County, in the province of Jeollanam-do near the southern limit of South Korea.

Origins
Daeheungsa is believed to date to the Three Kingdoms period (4th-9th centuries CE). Although no exact record of its founding has survived, some think Daeheungsa was founded by Adohwasang (Monk) in 514.

Originally, this temple was called Handeumjeol, after the mountain's original name, Mount Handeum. Chinese characters were eventually used, which caused it to be called Daedum, and later, the name was changed to Daeheungsa. The mountain's name was later changed to Mount Duryun.

Daeheungsa received little attention until 1592, when Seosan Daesa (monk) organized and trained a guerilla army of 5,000 monks at the temple to help defend the Korean people during the Imjin War (Japanese invasions).

Treasures

Cultural Properties #48

Daeheungsabungmireugammaaeyeoraejwasang (North rock-cut seated Maitreya Buddha of Daeheung Temple) is a cliffside Buddha carved out of a large natural wall of rock, believed to date from the early years of the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). This estimate is based on the sculptural style and the way the lower part of the body is out of proportion with the larger upper part.

The mudra, or symbolic hand gesture, signifies expelling devils. The robe is tied on the left shoulder, which is rather uncommon. One distinctive feature of this  statue is the beobeui (sacerdotal robe), which was typical of this era. The hands look weak, and the form of the legs is very awkward.

Treasure #320

Three-Storied Stone Pagoda of Daeheungsa is a 4.3 meter/14.1-foot-high stone pagoda typical of the Shilla Dynasty, and which stands in front of Eungjinjeon (hall).  This pagoda is very neat and elegant in its construction.

Treasure #1347

Stupa of Seosan Dasae of Daeheungasa is the reliquary for preserving the sarira (pearl or crystal-like, bead-shaped objects that are purportedly found among the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters) of the monk Seosan Dasae.  He is renowned as the monk who led an army that defeated invading Japanese forces.  This 2.6 meter/8.5-foot-high stupa is believed to have been erected in 1648.

Features

Daeheungsa is very famous for the long walkway to the entrance, which wanders through a beautiful forest at the foot of Duryun Mountain.

Inside Cheonbuljeon (Thousand Buddha Hall) are 1,000 smiling Buddha statues. The tiny Buddhas represent the Buddha that is omnipresent in the past, present, and future, and that anyone can become a buddha.  Records indicate that Cheonbuljeon burned down in 1811 and was rebuilt in 1813.

The temple is famous as a historical center of Korean tea culture.

Gallery

See also
Korean Buddhist temples
Religion in South Korea

References

External links

Official site
KoreaTemple profile

Buddhist temples in South Korea
Haenam County
Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order
Buildings and structures in South Jeolla Province
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
List of municipalities of Angola

The following is a list of municipalities of Angola, grouped by province.

Angola contains 18 províncias (provinces) which are divided into 164 municípios (translated as either municipality or city council), and these are further sub-divided into 559 comunas (communes). The two most recently created municipalities are Quilamba Quiaxi and Talatona in 2016.

See also
 Provinces of Angola

References

Angola, Municipalities
Angola
Municipalities
Municipalities, Angola
D.C. Simpson

D.C. Simpson may refer to:

Dana Claire Simpson, American cartoonist.

David Capell Simpson, British biblical scholar.

Douglas Colborne Simpson, Canadian architecture.
Districts of Zimbabwe

The Republic of Zimbabwe is broken down into 10 administrative provinces, which are divided into 64 districts and 1,970 wards.

Bulawayo Province

 Bulawayo

Harare Province

 Harare
 Chitungwiza
 Epworth

Manicaland Province

 Buhera
 Chimanimani
 Chipinge
 Makoni
 Mutare
 Mutasa
 Nyanga

Mashonaland Central Province

 Bindura
 Guruve
 Mazowe
 Mbire
 Mount Darwin
 Muzarabani
 Rushinga
 Shamva

Mashonaland East Province

 Chikomba
 Goromonzi
 Marondera
 Mudzi
 Murehwa
 Mutoko
 Seke
 UMP (Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe)
 Wedza (Hwedza)

Mashonaland West Province

 Chegutu
 Hurungwe
 Kariba
 Makonde
 Mhondoro-Ngezi
 Sanyati
 Zvimba

Masvingo Province

 Bikita
 Chiredzi
 Chivi
 Gutu
 Masvingo
 Mwenezi
 Zaka

Matabeleland North Province

 Binga
 Bubi
 Hwange
 Lupane
 Nkayi
 Tsholotsho
 Umguza

Matabeleland South Province

 Beitbridge
 Bulilima
 Gwanda
 Insiza
 Mangwe
 Matobo
 Umzingwane

Midlands Province

 Chirumhanzu
 Gokwe North
 Gokwe South
 Gweru
 Kwekwe
 Mberengwa
 Shurugwi
 Zvishavane

See also
 Provinces of Zimbabwe
 Wards of Zimbabwe

External links
 Map of Districts of Zimbabwe

 
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Subdivisions of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe geography-related lists
Mera Gaon Mera Desh

Mera Gaon Mera Desh () is a 1971 Indian action drama film, directed by Raj Khosla, written by Akhtar Romani, and starring Dharmendra, Asha Parekh in lead roles and Vinod Khanna as the villain. It was a box office success.
The film contains many hit songs including: "Apni Prem Kahaniyan", "Aaya Aaya Atariya Pe Koi Chor", "Sona Lai Ja Re", "Kuch Kehta Hai Yeh Saawan" and "Maar Diya Jaye Ke Chhod Diya Jaye". The film was remade in Telugu as Manchi Babayi.

Plot
Havaldar Major Jaswant Singh (Jayant) makes a citizen's arrest of petty thief Ajit (Dharmendra) and hands him over to the police, and after due process of law he is sentenced to six months in jail. After completing his sentence, the jailer asks him to approach Jaswant Singh for employment, and so he does. Jaswant asks him to help him with his farming work. Ajit meets Anju (Asha Parekh - lead female) and both fall in love. Ajit hears of Jabbar Singh (Vinod Khanna) a dacoit who is terrorizing the surrounding community, and Ajit decides to take on Jabbar. In retaliation, Jabbar abducts Anju, and instructs Ajit to come unarmed. Ajit decides to follow these instructions, however, as soon as he reaches Jabbar's hideout, he too is captured, and at the mercy of Jabbar and Munni (Laxmi Chhaya), who has been scorned by Ajit, and it is now up to her to decide Ajit's fate.

Cast

Soundtrack

Awards and nominations
Dharmendra received a Filmfare nomination for Best Actor, the only one for the film.

References

External links

1971 films
1970s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Raj Khosla
Indian action films
Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Hindi films remade in other languages
1971 action films
Jack o' the Green

Jack o' the Green may be:
 Jack o' the Green, Jack in the green, role in English-folk-culture traditions for May Day 
 "Jack O The Green" (Jools Holland album)  
 Jack o' the Green, character played by Tom Cruise in the film Legend
1978 World Rally Championship

The 1978 World Rally Championship was the sixth season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC).  The schedule remained largely similar to the previous year, with the exception of the removal of the Rally New Zealand from the schedule.

1978 was the last season with an official world championship only for manufacturers. Scoring was modified in 1977 to a more complex system including points both for overall and group placement. A car would still have to place in the overall top 10 to score points. In addition to the Championship for Manufacturers, the FIA awarded the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers. All rallies of the WRC, in addition to another ten events, were counted towards the drivers' totals. In 1979, the Cup for Drivers was incorporated into the WRC as the World Rally Championship for Drivers.

Events

Map

Schedule and results

Standings

Manufacturers' championship

FIA Cup for Drivers

Pointscoring systems

Manufacturers' championship

See also 
 1978 in sports

External links

 FIA World Rally Championship 1978 at ewrc-results.com

World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship seasons
1977 World Rally Championship

The 1977 World Rally Championship was the fifth season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). The schedule was expanded by one event to 11, with some changes to the locations visited. Morocco was dropped from the schedule while new rallies were introduced in Quebec and New Zealand.

Due to internal politics within the company, Lancia failed to mount a significant effort to capture a fourth consecutive Championship. Instead, corporate partner Fiat led the fight against Ford, ultimately triumphing in a tightly contested battle that lasted most of the year.

From 1973 to 1978, the WRC only awarded a championship for manufacturers. Scoring was modified in 1977 to a more complex system including points both for overall and group placement. A car would still have to place in the overall top 10 to score points.

In addition to the Championship for Manufacturers, the FIA began awarding the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers. A total of 20 events were part of this series, including all rallies of the WRC, the five coefficient 4 rallies from the European Championship and four FIA Special Events. Only the best 8 results were counted towards the title: five WRC rallies, two ERC rallies and one Special Event.

Events

Map

Schedule and results

Manufacturers' championship

Cup for drivers 

 Waldegård had to drop one of his best results in WRC events because he didn't take part in at least one ERC event, as provided by the regulations.

See also 
 1977 in sports

External links

 FIA World Rally Championship 1977 at ewrc-results.com

World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship seasons
1976 World Rally Championship

The 1976 World Rally Championship was the fourth season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). 10 events were included on the schedule, as the series revisited the same locations as the previous season. The only change in the schedule was a slight shuffle in order, with Portugal being moved up to March from July.

Lancia again repeated its title, with the Stratos HF accumulating another four rally wins, and scoring more than twice as many points as its nearest competitor, Opel. The Ascona's consistency was enough for second place overall, despite no wins. Lancia's dynasty, however, would not continue, as this was to be the last WRC title for the Stratos.

From 1973 to 1978, the WRC only awarded a championship for manufacturers. Scoring was given for the highest placing entry for each manufacturer. Thus if a particular manufacturer was to place 2nd, 4th, and 10th, they would receive points for 2nd place only. However, the manufacturer would still gain an advantage in scoring from its other entries, as the points for the 4th and 10th place entries would be denied to other manufacturers.

Calendar

Manufacturers' championship 
Schedule of points by place:

Events

See also 
 1976 in sports

External links

 FIA World Rally Championship 1976 at ewrc-results.com

World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship seasons
1976 World Rally Championship season
1975 World Rally Championship

The 1975 World Rally Championship was the third season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). 10 events were included on the schedule, including the return to the series of the famous Monte Carlo and Swedish rallies after a one season absence of those events. Both North American events were removed from the schedule however. Other returning entries to the schedule included the Acropolis Rally in Greece, which would become a staple of the WRC circuit to this day, and the Rallye du Maroc.

Lancia, with its powerful Stratos HF, continued its dominance despite struggling with reliability. Lancia won four rallies during the season however, outpacing competitors Fiat and Alpine-Renault. The battle for second place in the season was ultimately determined by a single point, with Fiat outscoring Alpine-Renault 61 points to 60, while Opel's Ascona made a strong bid to be competitive, scoring 58 points.

From 1973 to 1978, the WRC only awarded a championship for manufacturers. Scoring was given for the highest placing entry for each manufacturer. Thus if a particular manufacturer was to place 2nd, 4th, and 10th, they would receive points for 2nd place only. However, the manufacturer would still gain an advantage in scoring from its other entries, as the points for the 4th and 10th place entries would be denied to other manufacturers.

Calendar 

After the oil crisis of 1973 that affected the 1974 season, the Monte Carlo Rally, the Swedish Rally, the Acropolis Rally, and the Rallye du Maroc return to the calendar, while the Rally of the Rideau Lakes was dropped.

Manufacturers' championship 
Schedule of points by place:

Events

See also 
 1975 in sports

External links

 FIA World Rally Championship 1975 at ewrc-results.com

World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship seasons
1975 in rallying
1973 World Rally Championship

The 1973 World Rally Championship was the inaugural season for the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC) format. It consisted of 13 events, each held in a different country of the world. Many of the events would be staples of the series through to today, including Monte Carlo, Sweden, Tour de Corse, and the RAC Rally, while others would soon be replaced in the schedule. As with following seasons, gravel events formed the majority of the schedule. Two pure tarmac and one snow and ice rally were also included, as well as three events held on a mixture of soft and hard surface roads.

The first award of the Championship for Manufacturers was firmly won by Alpine-Renault, which had already gained fame competing for the earlier International Championship for Manufacturers. Fiat successfully placed second ahead of challenger Ford, but could not seriously challenge the winning Alpine. However, this would also prove to be the last award for the Alpine, as it gave way in subsequent years to Italian firms Lancia and Fiat. A French manufacturer would not regain the Championship again until Peugeot successfully captured the 1985 World Rally Championship for Manufacturers.

From 1973 to 1978, the WRC only awarded a season championship for the winning manufacturer. Scoring was given for the highest placing entry for each manufacturer. Thus if a particular manufacturer was to place 2nd, 4th, and 10th, they would receive points for 2nd place only. However, the manufacturer would still gain an advantage in scoring from its other entries, as the points for the 4th and 10th place entries would be denied to other manufacturers.



Calendar

For the first ever World Rally Championship, there were thirteen rallies.

Events

Championship

Manufacturers' championship 

 Positions in parentheses did not count to championship totals

See also 
 1973 in sports

External links

 FIA World Rally Championship 1973 at ewrc-results.com

World Rally Championship seasons
World Rally Championship Season, 1973
Giancarlo Ferretti

Giancarlo Ferretti (born 16 October 1941 in Lugo)  is the former manager of the now-disbanded Italian professional road bicycle racing team, Fassa Bortolo, sponsored by the Italian cement company of the same name.

Fassa Bortolo was a top-ranked team until the 2005 season, during which it was part of the UCI ProTour.  Among its former riders was classics specialist Michele Bartoli, super-sprinter Alessandro Petacchi, stage racer Ivan Basso, Juan Antonio Flecha, time trial specialist Fabian Cancellara, and many others.

In pursuit of new sponsorship for the team, Ferretti  believed that Sony Ericsson was interested. However, on 14 October 2005, a man claiming to represent proposed new sponsor Sony Ericsson turned out to be an impostor, leaving all staff and riders unemployed.

His strong personality earned him the nickname the iron sergeant. He  has been criticized by former riders for being too demanding, strict, and commanding.  Uniquely in cycling, when he was the manager of Fassa Bortolo he was made an employee of Fassa Bortolo, the company, and earned some respect for it.

References

1941 births
Living people
Cycle racing in Italy
People from Lugo, Emilia-Romagna
Cyclists from Emilia-Romagna
Sportspeople from the Province of Ravenna
Emm Brook

The Emm Brook, sometimes known as the Embrook or Emmbrook, is a small river in the English county of Berkshire. It is a tributary of the River Loddon which it meets at the village of Hurst.

The Wokingham suburb of Emmbrook is named after the river.

The Emm Brook passes through Dinton Pastures Country Park, where the original route has been diverted to enable gravel extraction in the 1970s.
It flows along the eastern boundary of The Emmbrook School.

On July 20, 2007. the river suffered a flash flood that breached banks at Emmbrook School, among others. It destroyed the ground floor rooms and computer suites causing them to be totally rebuilt over the summer holiday.

Water quality
The Environment Agency measure water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.

The water quality of the Emm Brook was as follows in 2019:

References

External links 

Rivers of Berkshire
1Emm
Districts of the Republic of the Congo

The Departments of the Republic of the Congo are divided into 86 districts and 6 communes; which are further subdivided into urban communities (communautés urbaines) and rural communities (communautés rurales); which are further subdivided into quarters or neighborhoods (quartiers) and villages. Note the departments of Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire are made of 1 commune each, then divided in urban districts (arrondissements).

The districts are listed below, by department:

Current divisions

Northern Congo
 Cuvette

 Owando
 Makoua
 Boundji
 Mossaka
 Loukoléla
 Oyo
 Ngoko
 Ntokou
 Tchikapika
 Bokoma District

 Cuvette-Ouest

 Ewo
 Kellé
 Mbomo
 Okoyo
 Etoumbi
 Mbama

 Likouala

 Impfondo
 Epéna
 Dongou
 Bétou
 Bouanéla
 Enyellé
 Liranga

 Plateaux

 Djambala
 Lékana
 Gamboma
 Abala
 Allembé
 Makotimpoko
 Mbon
 Mpouya
 Ngo
 Ollombo
 Ongogni

 Sangha

 Mokéko
 Sembé
 Souanké
 Pikounda
 N'gbala
 Kabo

Southern Congo
 Bouenza

 Madingou
 Mouyondzi
 Boko–Songho
 Mfouati
 Loudima
 Kayes
 Kingoué
 Mabombo
 Tsiaki
 Yamba

 Kouilou

 Hinda
 Madingo–Kayes
 Mvouti
 Kakamoéka (Kakamoueka in; Kakamoeka in; Kakamoéka in )
 Nzambi
 Loango

 Lékoumou

 Sibiti
 Komono
 Zanaga
 Bambama
 Mayéyé

 Niari

 Louvakou
 Kibangou
 Divénié
 Mayoko
 Kimongo
 Moutamba
 Banda
 Londéla–Kayes
 Makabana
 Mbinda
 Moungoundou-sud
 Nyanga
 Moungoundou-nord
 Yaya

 Pointe-Noire

 Tchiamba-Nzassi

 Pool

 Kinkala
 Boko
 Mindouli
 Kindamba
 Goma Tsé-Tsé
 Mayama
 Ngabé
 Mbanza–Ndounga
 Louingui
 Loumo
 Ignié
 Vindza
 Kimba

Historical divisions

Northern Congo

Cuvette Department

 Boundji District
 Loukela District
 Makoua District
 Mossaka District
 Okoyo District
 Owando District

Cuvette-Ouest Department

 Ewo District
 Kelle District
 Mbomo District

Likouala Department

 Dongou District
 Epena District
 Impfondo District

Plateaux Department

 Abala District
 Djambala District
 Gamboma District
 Lekana District

Sangha Department

 Ouésso District
 Sembé District
 Souanke District

Southern Congo

Bouenza Department

 Boko-Songho District
 Loudima District
 Madingou District
 Mfouati District
 Mouyondzi District
 Nkayi District

Kouilou Department

 Kakamoeka District
 Madingo-Kayes District
 Mvouti District
 Pointe-Noire District

Lékoumou Department

 Bambama District
 Komono District
 Sibiti District
 Zanaga District

Niari Department

 Divenie District
 Kibangou District
 Kimongo District
 Louvakou District
 Mayoko District
 Mossendjo District

Pool Department

 Boko District
 Kindamba District
 Kinkala District
 Mayama District
 Mindouli District
 Ngabe District

See also
Departments of the Republic of the Congo

External links
 Congo Districts at Statoids.com

References

 
Subdivisions of the Republic of the Congo
Congo, Republic of, Districts
Congo, Republic of 2
Districts, Congo, Republic of
Republic of the Congo geography-related lists
EN 207

EN 207 is a European norm for laser safety eyewear (now superseded, together with the EN 208, by the ISO 19818:2021 standard ). Any laser eye protection sold within the European Community must be certified and labeled with the CE mark. According to this standard, laser safety glasses should not only absorb laser light of a given wavelength, but they should also be able to withstand a direct hit from the laser without breaking or melting, both the filter and the frame. In this respect, the European norm is more strict than the American norm (ANSI Z 136) that only regulates the required optical density. More precisely, the safety glasses should be able to withstand a continuous wave laser for 5 seconds, or 50 pulses for a pulsed laser (EN 207:2017).

An EN 207 specification might read IR 315–532 LB6. Here, the letters IR indicate the laser working mode, in this case a pulsed mode. The range 315–532 indicates the wavelength range in nanometers. Finally, the scale number LB6 indicates a lower limit for the optical density, i.e. the transmittance within this wavelength range is less than 10−6.

Laser working modes

EN 207 specifies four laser working modes:

Scale numbers

The scale numbers range from LB1 to LB10, where the number is a lower
limit for the optical density, i.e. LBn means that OD > n, or
, where T is the transmittance. The
minimum scale number for a given laser with a beam diameter of 1 mm
depends on the working mode and the wavelength as follows (EN 207:2017):

If the beam diameter differs from 1 mm a correction factor, depending on the material of the filter and frame, must be applied.
Another correction factor must be used for pulsed lasers in case of repeated pulses for wavelengths above 400 nm.

Examples
 the laser operates at 1064 nm and has a pulse duration of 10 ns, 100 mJ/cm2 (or 103 J/m2). You have goggles that are specified as DIR 1064 LB5. The pulse duration indicates that we should look at the R specification, with scale number n=5, which gives an upper limit of 5×102 J/m2, which means that these goggles do not offer suitable protection for this particular laser.
 the laser operates at 780 nm, is continuous wave with an intensity of 50 mW/cm2 (P = 500 W/m2). This means you need a D protection level of , which is rounded up to 2. In other words, the safety goggles should be at least D 780 LB2.
 such example can be found too 900 - 1070 D LB7 + IR LB8 + M LB8Y.The symbols have the same meaning as in the previous examples, just note on marking with Y: if the eye protection device has not been tested with low repetition frequencies (≤ 25 Hz), the protection level must be extended by the letter Y .

From the scale it can be inferred that the power densities that correspond to  are considered safe without protective eyewear.

References

00207
Laser safety and standards
Sub-prefectures of the Central African Republic

The prefectures of the Central African Republic are divided into 71 sub-prefectures (). The sub-prefectures are listed below, by prefecture.

Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture

 Bamingui
 Ndélé

Bangui Prefecture

 1er arrondissement
 2e arrondissement
 3e arrondissement	
 4e arrondissement	
 5e arrondissement	
 6e arrondissement	
 7e arrondissement	
 8e arrondissement	
 Bégoua
 Bimbo

Basse-Kotto Prefecture

 Alindao
 Kembé
 Mingala
 Mobaye
 Satema
 Zangba

Haut-Mbomou Prefecture

 Djemah
 Obo
 Zemio
 Bambouti
 Mboki

Haute-Kotto Prefecture

 Bria
 Ouadda
 Yalinga

Kémo Prefecture

 Dekoa
 Sibut
 Mala
 Ndjoukou

Lobaye Prefecture

 Boda
 Mbaiki
 Mongoumba
 Boganangone
 Boganda

Lim-Pendé Prefecture
 Paoua
 Ngaoundaye
 Ndim
 Kodi
 Taley

Mambéré Prefecture
 Carnot
 Amada-Gaza
 Gadzi
 Senkpa-Mbaéré

Mambéré-Kadéï Prefecture

 Berbérati
 Gamboula
 Dédé-Makouba
 Sosso-Nakombo

Mbomou Prefecture

 Bakouma
 Bangassou
 Rafai
 Gambo
 Ouango

Nana-Grébizi Economic Prefecture

 Kaga-Bandoro
 Mbrès

Nana-Mambéré Prefecture

 Baboua
 Baoro
 Bouar
 Abba

Ombella-M'Poko Prefecture

 Boali
 Damara
 Bogangolo
 Yaloke
 Bossembele

Ouaka Prefecture

 Bakala
 Bambari
 Grimari
 Ippy
 Kouango

Ouham Prefecture

 Bossangoa
 Markounda
 Nana-Bakassa
 Nanga-Boguila

Ouham-Fafa Prefecture
 Batangafo
 Bouca
 Kabo
 Sido

Ouham-Pendé Prefecture

 Bocaranga
 Bozoum
 Bossemptele
 Koui

Sangha-Mbaéré Economic Prefecture

 Bambio
 Bayanga
 Nola

Vakaga Prefecture

 Birao
 Ouanda Djallé

See also
 Prefectures of the Central African Republic

External links
 Website about Central African Republic

 
Subdivisions of the Central African Republic
Central African Republic, Subprefectures
Central African Republic 2
Subprefectures, Central African Republic
Central African Republic geography-related lists
Brahmagupta's problem

This problem was given in India by the mathematician Brahmagupta in 628 AD in his treatise Brahma Sputa Siddhanta:

Solve the Pell's equation
 
for integers .

Brahmagupta gave the smallest solution as
 .

See also
Brahmagupta
Indian mathematics
List of Indian mathematicians
Pell's equation
Indeterminate equation
Diophantine equation

External links

Brahmagupta
Diophantine equations
Heartbeat (Wire song)

"Heartbeat" is a song written by Colin Newman and originally recorded and released in 1978 by the English rock band Wire on their second album Chairs Missing. Guest Kate Lukas played flute on the track.

The song was not uncommon as either an opener or a closer of Wire's live sets at the time. Producer Mike Thorne has called it the band's "first overt love song".

Big Black version 

"Heartbeat" was covered and released as a single in 1987 by Chicago post-hardcore band Big Black. Apart from the Wire cover, the other two tracks on the record are originals. This 7" record was sold together with the Headache EP or used for promotional give-aways. The three tracks were eventually reissued on The Rich Man's Eight Track Tape compilation.

Track listing
"Heartbeat" - 3:48
"Things to Do Today" - 1:44
"I Can't Believe" - 1:04

References 

Wire (band) songs
1978 songs
Big Black songs
1987 singles
Grails

Grails may refer to:
Grails (band) is an American instrumental rock band
Grails (framework) is an open source web application framework

See also
Grail (disambiguation)
Sphingosine kinase

Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a conserved lipid kinase that catalyzes formation sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from the precursor sphingolipid sphingosine. Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are lipid second messengers involved in diverse cellular processes.  There are two forms of SphK, SphK1 and SphK2.  SphK1 is found in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, and migrates to the plasma membrane upon activation.  SphK2 is localized to the nucleus.

Function 
S1P has been shown to regulate diverse cellular processes.  It has been characterized as a lipid signaling molecule with dual function.  On one hand, it exerts its actions extracellularly by binding to the five different S1P receptors that couple to a variety of G-proteins to regulate diverse biological functions, ranging from cell growth and survival to effector functions, such as proinflammatory mediator synthesis. On the other hand, it appears to act as an intracellular second messenger, although the relevant molecular target(s) to which it binds within cells remains to be discovered. The role of S1P in various functions of cells and tissues is established, including regulation of cell survival and motility, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses. Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) types 1 and 2, the two enzymes identified so far in mammals that produce S1P by ATP-dependent phosphorylation of sphingosine, have therefore received considerable interest.

Sphingolipid metabolism 

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane constituents of all eukaryotic cells. In general, the term sphingolipid (SL) refers to any of a number of lipids consisting of a head group attached to the 1-OH of ceramide (Cer). Ceramides consist of a sphingoid base, commonly referred to as a long-chain base (LCB), which is N-acylated. De novo synthesis of LCBs begins with the condensation of palmitoyl-CoA with serine, forming 3-ketosphinganine (Fig. 1). This product is then reduced to sphinganine, also known as dihydrosphingosine (dihydro-Sph; 2-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-octadecane). A 14– to 26-carbon fatty acid chain is then added in an amide linkage with the 2-amino group, forming dihydroceramide (dihydro-Cer). A head group, such as phosphocholine or a carbohydrate, can now be added to the 1-OH, forming a sphingolipid, although most sphingolipids of higher eukaryotes contain further modifications of the LCB.

Popular culture 
During "100,000 Airplanes", a third season episode of The West Wing, sphingosine kinase is fictitiously described as "the enzyme believed to control all signal pathways to cancer growth." Learning of it inspires the protagonist of the series, President Josiah Bartlet, to consider launching an Apollo program to cure cancer.

References

Further reading

External links 
 

EC 2.7.1
Lipids
Pero's Bridge

Pero's Bridge () is a pedestrian bascule bridge that spans St Augustine's Reach in Bristol Harbour, Bristol, England.  It links Queen Square and Millennium Square.

Structure 
The bridge is composed of three spans; the two outer ones are fixed and the central section can be raised to provide a navigation channel in the harbour.  The most distinctive features of the bridge are the pair of horn-shaped sculptures which act as counterweights for the lifting section, leading it to be commonly known as the Horned Bridge or Shrek's Bridge as the counterweights resemble the ears of the animated star of the eponymous film.

Pero 
The bridge is named after Pero, also known as Pero Jones, who lived from around 1753 to 1798, arriving in Bristol from the Caribbean Island of Nevis in 1783, as the slave of the merchant John Pinney (1740–1818) at 7 Great George Street. Pinney also brought his wife's maid with him, Frances Coker, had also been born a slave, but Pinney had freed her some years before.

History 
The bridge was designed by the Irish artist Eilis O'Connell, in conjunction with Ove Arup & Partners engineers. It was formally opened in 1999 by Paul Boateng MP, then a Home Office minister.  The name of the bridge was attacked by then Liberal Democrat councillor Stephen Williams. He condemned the decision as "gesture politics", instead wanting a statue or permanent memorial to remember Bristol's role in the slave trade. Eilis O'Connell commented  "The council can call it what they want, but Pero's Bridge sounds a bit political." Hundreds of people now attach padlocks to the bridge as a sign of affection to each other.

For four days in June 2020, the Statue of Edward Colston, a Bristolian slave trader, lay at the bottom of the harbour directly south of the bridge after being toppled from its plinth by protestors during the George Floyd protests. It was then retrieved by the council and put in storage. It now resides as a permanent feature in Bristol's M-Shed museum shown now lying instead of standing, with all original protest graffiti maintained.

Dimensions 

The length of the lifting span is  and a  navigation channel is provided.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 360 degree panorama of the bridge from BBC
 Bristol City Council presentation & booklet
 

Bascule bridges
Bridges in Bristol
Bristol Harbourside
History of Bristol
Tourist attractions in Bristol
Bridges completed in 1999
Pedestrian bridges in England
Pero
1999 establishments in England
Rural Municipality of Wood Creek No. 281

The Rural Municipality of Wood Creek No. 281 (2016 population: ) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and  Division No. 5. It is located in the south-central portion of the province.

History 
The RM of Wood Creek No. 281 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 13, 1909.

Geography 
The RM is adjacent to Last Mountain Lake.

Communities and localities 
The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

Villages
 Simpson

The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

Localities
 Amazon

Demographics 

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Wood Creek No. 281 had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Wood Creek No. 281 recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Government 
The RM of Wood Creek No. 281 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Thursday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Glen Busse while its administrator is Darlene Mann. The RM's office is located in Simpson.

References 

Wood Creek
Division No. 11, Saskatchewan
Baegyangsa

Baegyangsa, also spelled Baekyangsa, is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.  It is situated in Bukha-myeon, Jangseong County, in South Jeolla province, South Korea.  Built in 632 under the Baekje kingdom, it lies on the slopes of Baegam-san in Naejangsan National Park.

History
Baegyangsa was established by Zen Master Yeohwan in 632 AD. The temple's original name was Baegamsa. In the Goryeo Dynasty, it was called Jeongtosa. In Korean, Jeongto is the same concept of heaven as in Christianity. The name of the temple means "white sheep," and refers to a legend from the Goryeo period in which a white sheep came down from the mountain to listen to a sermon and was sufficiently enlightened that it was able to ascend into Paradise.

In the Japanese occupation era the temple was recognized as one of the main temples in the Korean peninsula. It belongs to the Chogye Order at the present time. These days, a large role has been given to Baegyang Temple for educating monks around Jeolla province.

The temple has recently become well-known as the home of monk and chef Jeong Kwan.

Forests 
Large numbers of Torreya nucifera grow around Baegyang Temple. This area is one of the northernmost areas where Torreya nucifera can grow in the Korean peninsula.

Tourism 
The temple is a notable tourist destination, offering a Temple Stay program. The Temple Stay offers a shorter program and an overnight program, in which participants can learn cooking with Jeong Kwan.

Transportation 
Baegyangsa is serviced by intercity buses, with several buses per day to the main bus terminals in Jeongeup and Gwangju.

See also
Jeong Kwan
Buddhist temples in South Korea
Religion in South Korea

References

External links
Official site, in Korean
Official Temple Stay site
Photo gallery by Sean Coutts
KoreaTemple profile

Religious organizations established in the 7th century
Jangseong County
Buddhist temples in South Korea
7th-century Buddhist temples
Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order
Buildings and structures in South Jeolla Province
Religious buildings and structures completed in 632
Temples that participate in Templestay
Maneaba

The heart of any Kiribati community is its maneaba or meeting house.  The maneaba is not just the biggest building in any village, it is the centre of village life and the basis of island and national governance.

A traditional maneaba is an imposing structure, with slabs of coral supporting a huge roof formed from coconut wood, held together with coconut string and thatched with pandanus leaves.  The whole community is involved in its construction, and every aspect of the maneaba has a symbolic as well as a practical function.

A maneaba serves a similar cultural role to a Polynesian marae. In the neighbouring islands of Tuvalu (formerly called the Ellice Islands), the meeting house is called the maneapa. The sharing of the name is the result of Kiribati and Tuvalu being previously the British crown colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

The House of Assembly (Kiribati) or Government of Kiribati is referred to as the Maneaba ni Maungatabu, or maneaba of the Sacred Mountain.

Bibliography 

.
.
.

References

Kiribati culture