alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Kigezi District

Kigezi District once covered what are now Kabale District, Kanungu District, Kisoro District and Rukungiri District, in southwest Uganda. Its terraced fields are what gives this part of Uganda its distinctive character.  Kigezi was popularly known as the Switzerland of Africa. The coordinates for the region are: Latitude:01 13 20S, 29 53 20E.

Constituencies
Before its division into the districts shown as above, Kigezi consisted of counties of:

 Rukiga County, southeast of modern-day Kabale District, which bordered on  the then Ankole District.
 Ndorwa County, this is the central area of modern-day Kabale District, where Kabale town is still located and Lake Bunyonyi is shared with the county of Rubanda.
 Rubanda County, southwest of modern-day Kabale District, bordering Kanungu District and Kisoro District and Kinkizi County, where the famous Nyamasizi Hot Springs are located.
 Kinkizi County, northwest of modern-day Kabale District. This county shares its borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It also touches on Lake Edward on the border with DRC
 Bufumbira County, southwest of modern-day Kabale District, bordering with Rubanda County, the Republic of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bufumbira County is the location of Lake Mutanda and Lake Chahafi.
 Rujumbura County, which was the most northerly county of the district and bordered on the former Ankole District and on Lake Edward.

After the division of Kigezi into the  four (4) current districts, they were named after their respective main towns, namely Kabale, Kanungu, Kisoro and Rukungiri.

People
The four modern district of the former Kigezi District are inhabited predominantly by the Bakiga, Bahororo, Bafumbira and Banyarwanda people.  All these ethnic groups share the similar cultural characteristics. Paul Ngologoza’s book Kigezi and Its People provides detailed information about the Bakiga people, their traditions and history.

The region is uniquely characterized by the Albertine Rift, or Western Rift Valley, and the African Great Lakes, which include Lake Bunyonyi, Lake Edward, Lake Mutanda and Lake Kyahafi. Kigezi is also the home to the chain of volcanic mountains, the Virunga Mountains, located in what is now Kisoro District, and which also form the south-west Uganda border with the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. Located in the Ugandan part of the Virunga Mountains is Mgahinga Gorilla National Park which, along with the nearby Bwindi Impenetrable National Park are home to the internationally famous mountain gorilla populations. The mountains also form part of the watershed between the two major African rivers, the Nile and the Congo, with the highest peak on the Uganda side of the border being Mount Muhabura. In the intervening valleys, often one finds expansive swampy areas, some of which, particularly those in Kabale District,  have been reclaimed for pastureland.

See also
 Kabale District
 Kanungu District
 Kisoro District
 Rukungiri District
 Kabale

References

External links 
 Updated Travel Guide to the Kigezi Region

Districts of Uganda
Economists Bloc

The Economists Bloc () is a liberal political party in Bahrain which was represented by three MPs in the 2002-2006 parliament, but lost all its seats in the 2006 general election.

The party was the most consistent advocate of human rights, democratisation and free market economics in parliament. Because the main challenge to liberal values comes from Islamists, the party often found itself in a de facto alliance with the former communists of the Democratic Bloc (another party that lost all its seats in 2006's election).

While generally supportive of the government, it has not been uncritically so. The party campaigned for compensation for those that suffered past human rights abuses, with the party's President Jassim Abdula'al MP forwarding a motion to parliamentary speaker, Khalifa Al Dhahrani. Mr Abdula'al said that the national interest required closing the human rights file for good, between the leadership, the government and those affected.

Another prominent member is lawyer Fareed Ghazi MP, who is also an activist with the Al Muntada liberal think tank. Fareed Ghazi has urged liberals against imposing their will on a conservative public, adding that it was not the right approach politically and morally. "We should find a common ground with the conservative element rather than just sit on a high horse and tell them that our way is the right way," he said.

See also 
 List of political parties in Bahrain

References

Political parties in Bahrain
Liberalism in Bahrain
Political parties with year of establishment missing
Lintneria merops

Lintneria merops is a moth of the  family Sphingidae.

Distribution 
It is found from western South America, including Venezuela, to Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica.

Description 
The wingspan is 103–122 mm.

Biology 
Adults have been recorded from April to January in Costa Rica.

The larvae feed on Lantana camara and probably other Verbenaceae species. The third instar has a dermal crest and yellow eye-spots on the sides. There are two black eye-spots on the last two instars.

References

Lintneria
Moths described in 1870
Sphingidae of South America
Moths of South America
Robert "Bud" Larsen

Robert "Bud" Larsen (born 1942) is an American craftsman and maker of Hardanger fiddles. His making of Hardanger fiddles is a side activity.

Larsen's father played violin and Hardanger fiddle. He had emigrated from Førde, Sunnfjord, Norway and lived for many years in Fargo, North Dakota.

Robert Larsen, at the age of 14, apprenticed to the Norwegian-American violin maker Gunnar Gunnarsson Helland as a repairman and a fiddle maker in Fargo from 1957 to 1965.

See also 
The Helland fiddle maker family
Hardingfele

References

External links 
The Helland fiddle maker family

1942 births
American musical instrument makers
Fiddle makers
Living people
People from Fargo, North Dakota
American people of Norwegian descent
Sphinx perelegans

Sphinx perelegans, the elegant sphinx, is a species of hawkmoth.

Distribution 
It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California and to New Mexico.

Description 
The wingspan is 98–110 mm.

Biology 
There is one generation per year in the north with adults on wing in June and July. In California, there is one generation (although there might be a partial second) with adults on wing from April to June and again from August to September.

The adult of this species is a key pollinator of the rare lemon lily (Lilium parryi) in California.

The larvae feed on Arctostaphylos manzanita, Arbutus menziesii, Cercocarpus betuloides and Prunus ilicifolia. In captivity, they will feed on Gaultheria shallon.

References

External links

Elegant Sphinx Moths of America
Life cycle

Sphinx (genus)
Moths of North America
Moths of Central America
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Moths described in 1874
Knutsford Terrace

Knutsford Terrace () is a terrace street in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon in Hong Kong. It is famous for its bars, pubs and restaurants.

On the south slope of Observatory Hill, Knutsford Terrace is hidden behind the buildings of Kimberley Road. There is road access to the terrace near Mira Place and further road access from Observatory Road. The street is strictly for pedestrians. Instead of vehicles, it is full of tables and chairs for the restaurants.

History
Before the construction of Knutsford Terrace, the slope consisted of gardens north of Kimberley Road. Starting from 1875, Kowloon Land and Building Company bought the land lots piece by piece and completed its purchases in 1888. The terrace was possibly built in 1895 with a row of sixteen small villas. It was then accessible from Observatory Road. Below the terrace were communal gardens with a tennis court on Kimberley Road. An access path was built to the terrace. 

In 1923, the premises was sold to Wong's family and more houses were built on the garden along Kimberley Road. When the premises were sold house by house in the 1950s and 1960s, they were quickly replaced with multi-storey buildings.

In the mid to late 20th century, two middle schools chose to set up branches in Knutsford Terrace:  and . They no longer exist.

Restaurants
Restaurants on the street offer a variety of national dishes, such as Italian, French, American, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Turkish, and Russian.

See also
 List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
 Lan Kwai Fong
 SoHo, Hong Kong

External links

 Research on Historical Buildings in Knutsford Terrace, Tsim Sha Tsui

Tsim Sha Tsui
Roads in Kowloon
Pedestrian malls in China
Restaurant districts and streets in Hong Kong
Nicholas Wisdom

Nicholas Wisdom (born 18 March 1953) is an English former cricketer, turned businessman. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. The son of Sir Norman Wisdom, the comedian, singer-songwriter and actor, he was born in Edmonton, Middlesex.

Wisdom made two first-class appearances for Sussex in 1974, against Oxford University at Cricket Field Road Ground, Horsham, and Worcestershire in the County Championship at the Central Recreation Ground, Hastings. Against Oxford University he scored 31 not out in his only innings in the match, as well as taking the wickets of Peter Thackeray and Rick Lee, while against Worcestershire he scored 4 in his only innings of the match.

Following his brief cricket career, he opened a sports shop in Haywards Heath, Sussex.

References

External links
Nicholas Wisdom at ESPNcricinfo
Nicholas Wisdom at CricketArchive

1953 births
Living people
People from Potters Bar
English cricketers
Sussex cricketers
English businesspeople
Lintneria praelongus

Lintneria praelongus is a moth of the  family Sphingidae.

Distribution 
It is known from Honduras and Guatemala.

Description 
It is similar to Lintneria istar but more greyish white and the forewings are more elongate.

Biology 
The larvae probably feed on Lamiaceae (such as Salvia, Mentha, Monarda and Hyptis), Hydrophylloideae (such as Wigandia) and Verbenaceae species (such as Verbena and Lantana).

References

Lintneria
Moths described in 1903
Zabulon skipper

The Zabulon skipper (Lon zabulon) (sometimes called the southern dimorphic skipper) is a North American butterfly first described by the French naturalists Jean Baptiste Boisduval and John Eatton Le Conte from the state of Georgia, United States.

Description

This small butterfly has slim, triangular wings.  The upperside of the male's wings is mostly orange with the margins being dark brown.  The underside of the male's wings is mainly yellow orange with the margins being dark brown. There is a yellow basal spot enclosed with brown. The upperside of the female's wings is dark brown with large, glassy spots near the forewing outer margin.  The underside of the female's wings is a brownish-burgundy color with the hindwing having a white streak on the costal edge.  The wing margins are broadly frosted. The wingspan measures  to  inches (35–41 mm).

Similar species

The only similar species in the Zabulon skipper's range is the Hobomok skipper.

The Hobomok skipper has a more northern range and different flight period than the Zabulon skipper.  They also have more rounded wings.  The upperside of the male Hobomok skipper's wings has thicker dark margins.  The underside of the male's hindwing lacks the enclosed yellow basal spot. While the female Zabulon skipper has one form, the female Hobomok skipper has two; the normal form and the pocahontas form.  The upperside of the pocahontas form has smaller glassy spots and has one glassy spot near the forewing costa.

Distribution
This species ranges from Wisconsin east to the East Coast, south to Georgia, Texas, and Panama.

Habitat
The Zabulon skipper can be found in a wide range of habitats such as woodland edges, woodland openings, and near roads, especially if there are streams nearby.  It can adapt to other habitats including suburban areas, parks, and gardens.

Flight
This butterfly is on the wing from March to April and again in August to October in the south; and from May to July and again in August to September in the north.

Life cycle
Males perch all day in search for females. Usually, courtship takes place in the afternoon.  However, it will occasionally happen as early as 8:20 a.m.  Females lay their eggs singly on the underside of host plant leaves.  The larva is either brown or green, both sometimes having a pinkish hue.  It is often indistinguishable from closely related larvae.  The chrysalis is often formed inside a leaf shelter.  It is brown with the abdomen being a lighter brown and having small black dots.  The overwintering stage is unknown.  The Zabulon skipper has two broods per year.

Host plants
Recorded food plants of the caterpillars are grasses such as Agrostis, Dactylis, Elytrigia, Eragrostis, Leymus, Poa, Puccinellia and Tridens.

References

External links
Zabulon Skipper, Butterflies of Canada
Zabulon Skipper diagnostic photographs
Zabulon Skipper, Butterflies and Moths of North America

Lon
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies described in 1837
Taxa named by John Eatton Le Conte
Lintneria separatus

Lintneria separatus, the separated sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Berthold Neumoegen in 1885. It is found from Colorado south through New Mexico and Arizona to Veracruz and Hidalgo in Mexico.

The wingspan is 110–125 mm. The forewing is dark gray with black and light gray wavy lines. Hindwing is black with a brownish gray border and two white bands. It probably has one brood from late June to early August.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Salvia greggii.

References

External links
Separated Sphinx Moths of America

Lintneria
Moths described in 1885
Beam parameter product

In laser science, the beam parameter product (BPP) is the product of a laser beam's divergence angle (half-angle) and the radius of the beam at its narrowest point (the beam waist). The BPP quantifies the quality of a laser beam, and how well it can be focused to a small spot.

A Gaussian beam has the lowest possible BPP, , where  is the wavelength of the light. The ratio of the BPP of an actual beam to that of an ideal Gaussian beam at the same wavelength is denoted M2 ("M squared"). This parameter is a wavelength-independent measure of beam quality.

The quality of a beam is important for many applications. In fiber-optic communications beams with an M2 close to 1 are required for coupling to single-mode optical fiber. Laser machine shops care a lot about the M2 parameter of their lasers because the beams will focus to an area that is M4 times larger than that of a Gaussian beam with the same wavelength and D4σ waist width; in other words, the fluence scales as 1/M4.  The rule of thumb is that M2 increases as the laser power increases.  It is difficult to obtain excellent beam quality and high average power (100 W to kWs) due to thermal lensing in the laser gain medium.

Measurement 
There are several ways to define the width of a beam. When measuring the beam parameter product and M2, one uses the D4σ or "second moment" width of the beam to determine both the radius of the beam's waist and the divergence in the far field.

The BPP can be easily measured by placing an array detector or scanning-slit profiler at multiple positions within the beam after focusing it with a lens of high optical quality and known focal length. To properly obtain the BPP and M2 the following steps must be followed:
 Measure the D4σ widths at 5 axial positions near the beam waist (the location where the beam is narrowest).
 Measure the D4σ widths at 5 axial positions at least one Rayleigh length away from the waist.
 Fit the 10 measured data points to , where  and  is the second moment of the distribution in the x or y direction (see ), and  is the location of the beam waist with second moment width of .  Fitting the 10 data points yields M2, , and .  Siegman showed that all beam profiles — Gaussian, flat top, TEMxy, or any shape — must follow the equation above provided that the beam radius uses the D4σ definition of the beam width.  Using other definitions of beam width does not work.

In principle, one could use a single measurement at the waist to obtain the waist diameter, a single measurement in the far field to obtain the divergence, and then use these to calculate the BPP. The procedure above gives a more accurate result in practice, however.

High-power lasers, such as those used in laser welding and cutting are typically measured by using a beamsplitter to sample the beam. The sampled beam has much lower intensity and can be measured by a scanning-slit or knife-edge profiler. Good beam quality is very important in laser welding and cutting operations.

See also
Etendue
List of laser articles

References

Further reading

Laser science
Optical quantities
Mike Morris (TV presenter)

Michael Hugh Saunderson Morris (26 June 1946 – 22 October 2012) was a British television presenter and journalist, best known as a main anchor for TV-am's flagship breakfast television programme Good Morning Britain.

Early life
Morris was born in Harrow, Middlesex. Morris attended St Paul's School in London and Manchester University where he gained a BA in American and English Literature.

Career
Morris's career as a journalist began in 1969 when he joined the Surrey Comet, a local weekly newspaper. He later moved to Sydney in Australia and became a bulletin editor for the news agency AAP Reuters, before switching to sports journalism in 1974 when he joined United Newspapers as a reporter and later, sports editor.

Morris switched to broadcasting in 1979 when he became a sub-editor and reporter for regional news programme Thames News in London. Four years later, he was part of the launch team at TV-am, initially as a sports correspondent before becoming presenter of Good Morning Britain'''s Saturday edition. He became a chief weekday anchor in 1987, presenting alongside Anne Diamond, Kathy Tayler, Maya Even and Lorraine Kelly among others. While at the station, he conducted the first live interview on British television with Nelson Mandela, shortly after his release from prison.

He remained with TV-am until the station lost its ITV franchise at the end of 1992, he famously told reporters that he was 'gutted' when the station lost its franchise a year earlier. He later joined GMTV to present its Sunday magazine show Sunday Best in April 1993 and also presented on the now closed cable channel Wire TV.

Morris returned to regional television in 1996 when he became a main anchor for Yorkshire Television's flagship news programme Calendar'', alongside Christa Ackroyd and Christine Talbot. He left YTV in March 2002.

Personal life and death
Morris died from heart failure aged 66 on 22 October 2012, after suffering from cancer. He is survived by two daughters and four grandchildren.

References

External links
 

1946 births
2012 deaths
English television presenters
Alumni of the University of Manchester
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from the London Borough of Harrow
Place of death missing
Democratic Alliance Party

The Democratic Alliance Party is the name of (al least) two parties

Democratic Alliance Party (Albania)
Democratic Alliance Party (Haiti)
Democratic Alliance Party (Solomon Islands)
Democratic Alliance Party (Tunisia)
Democratic Party (Cook Islands), previously known as "Democratic Alliance Party"
Baron Barry of Santry

Baron Barry of Santry, in the County of Dublin, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1661 for the Irish lawyer and politician Sir James Barry, a former Member of the Irish Parliament for Lismore and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. His grandson, the third Baron, served as Governor of Londonderry and of Culmore Fort and was sworn of the Irish Privy Council. The third Baron's son, the fourth Baron, was convicted and sentenced to death for murder in 1739 and his title declared forfeit. However, he was pardoned the following year and restored to his title. On his death eleven years later, in 1751, the barony became extinct.

Alderman Richard Barry, father of the first Baron, was a wealthy merchant who served as Mayor of Dublin in 1610 and sat in the Irish House of Commons as a representative for the City of Dublin in 1613-15 and 1634-35. Alderman Barry bought the lands in Santry in the late 16th century from the Nugent family

Barons Barry of Santry (1661)
James Barry, 1st Baron Barry of Santry (1603–1673)
Richard Barry, 2nd Baron Barry of Santry (1637–1694)
Henry Barry, 3rd Baron Barry of Santry (1680–1734)
Henry Barry, 4th Baron Barry of Santry (1710–1751)

References

Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
1661 establishments in Ireland
1739 disestablishments in Ireland
1740 establishments in Ireland
1751 disestablishments in Ireland
Noble titles created in 1661
Santry
Sphinx vashti

Sphinx vashti, the Vashti sphinx, is a member of the family Sphingidae of moths. It is found in North America from British Columbia east to Manitoba, south to southern California, Nevada, central Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas.

The pattern and wing length are highly variable. The forewing ranges from pale to very dark gray with paler gray at the base of the costa, the wing tip, and on the outer margin. A series of black dashes ends with the topmost one reaching the wing tip. The hindwing is black with white bands. There is one brood per year.

The larvae feed on snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) and coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus).

References

External links
USGS.gov: Moths of America treatment of Sphinx vashti 
Silkmoths.com: Life Cycle

vashti
Moths of North America
Fauna of the Channel Islands of California
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Moths described in 1878
Taxa named by Herman Strecker
Vignette (graphic design)

A vignette, in graphic design, is a French loanword meaning a unique form for a frame to an image, either illustration or photograph. Rather than the image's edges being rectilinear, it is overlaid with decorative artwork featuring a unique outline. This is similar to the use of the word in photography, where the edges of an image that has been vignetted are non-linear or sometimes softened with a mask – often a darkroom process of introducing a screen. An oval vignette is probably the most common example.

Originally a vignette was a design of vine-leaves and tendrils (vignette = small vine in French). The term was also used for a small embellishment without border, in what otherwise would have been a blank space, such as that found on a title-page, a headpiece or tailpiece.

The use in modern graphic design is derived from book publishing techniques dating back to the Middle Ages Analytical Bibliography (ca. 1450 to 1800) when a vignette referred to an engraved design printed using a copper-plate press, on a page that has already been printed on using a letter press (Printing press). 

Vignettes are sometimes distinguished from other in-text illustrations printed on a copper-plate press by the fact that they do not have a border; such designs usually appear on title-pages only. Woodcuts, which are printed on a letterpress and are also used to separate sections or chapters are identified as a headpiece, tailpiece or printer's ornament, depending on shape and position.

See also
Calligraphy, another conjunction of text and decoration
Curlicues, flourishes in the arts usually composed of concentric circles, often used in calligraphy
Scrollwork, general name for scrolling abstract decoration used in many areas of the visual arts

Graphic design
Illustration
Visual motifs
Arnhemia

Arnhemia is a town in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

External links
map

Populated places in North Sumatra
Vinny Codrington

Vincent Joseph Codrington (born 18 July 1956) is an English sports administrator and a former CEO of Middlesex County Cricket Club. 

Codrington was educated at St. Benedict's School, Ealing. He played rugby union as a fly half for Richmond and also served as its Director of Rugby, during its transition from amateur to professional rugby. He opened the batting for Barnes Cricket Club.

Codrington succeeded Joe Hardstaff as Secretary of Middlesex County Cricket Club in 1997 and later assumed the role of Chief Executive. He announced his resignation on 3 July 2015 after 18 years' service at Lord's. He is a Trustee of the READY Charity

References

1956 births
Living people
English cricket administrators
Chief executives of Middlesex County Cricket Club
Secretaries of Middlesex County Cricket Club
People educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing
English rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from London
Woodside, Glasgow

Woodside is a district in the Scottish city of Glasgow and also forms some of the most southern part of the much larger district of Maryhill. It is situated north of the River Clyde, between the River Kelvin and the Forth and Clyde Canal.

Woodside has the first and grandest of Glasgow's Carnegie libraries, which were all designed in the Edwardian Baroque style by James Robert Rhind. Joseph Connery, the father of Sean Connery, was born in the district in 1902.

Public transport links include Kelvinbridge and St George's Cross Subway stations.

Woodside is also home to many small to medium-sized businesses, including Breast Cancer Care and Abbey Business Centres.

The Stockline Plastics factory explosion happened in Woodside on 11 May 2004. Nine people were killed, including two company directors, and 33 injured, 15 seriously. The four-storey building was largely destroyed.

Gallery

See also
 Glasgow tower blocks

References

External links
 
 Woodside Community Council
 Woodside & Firhill - Illustrated Guide

Areas of Glasgow
Maryhill
Deakin (surname)

Deakin is a surname, and may refer to:

Alan Deakin (1941–2018), English footballer
Alex Deakin (born 1974), British weatherman
Alfred Deakin (1856–1919), 2nd Prime Minister of Australia
Arthur Deakin (1890–1955), British trade unionist
Billy Deakin, football (soccer) player (Barnsley FC, Chester City)
Edna Deakin (1871–1946), American architect
Fred Deakin, British musician with Lemon Jelly
John Deakin (1912–1972), English photographer
John Deakin (footballer), English footballer
John Deakin (rowing) (born 1965), British coxswain
Johnny Deakin, Scottish footballer
Joe Deakin (1879–1972), British runner
Julia Deakin (born 1952), British actress
Matt Deakin (born 1980), American competition rower
Robert Deakin (1917–1985), Anglican Bishop of Tewkesbury from 1973-1985
Robert Luke Deakin Australian Cyber Security Advisor,
Roger Deakin (1943–2006), English writer, documentary-maker and environmentalist.
William Deakin (1913–2005), British historian, also known as F. W. and F. W. D. Deakin

See also
Deakin (disambiguation)
Deakins
2005 Chadian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Chad on 6 June 2005. The amendments to the constitution were approved by 66% of voters.

Background
The proposed amendments to the constitution included the removal of two-term limit on the President, the replacement of the Senate with a Cultural, Economic and Social Council, and giving the President powers to amend the constitution.

The amendments were proposed by incumbent President Idriss Déby, who was due to complete his second term in 2006. In June 2001 Déby had promised to step down after his second term, stating: I make a public commitment: I will not be candidate at the 2006 presidential election. I will not change the Constitution [...] What remains to do for me in my last mandate, is to prepare Chad for alternation in government.

Campaign
While Dèby's Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) campaigned for "yes", the opposition was divided among those who called for a boycott of the vote and those who called for a "no" vote. The abstentionists allied themselves in the Coordination des Partis politiques pour la Défense de la Constitution (CPDC), an alliance of 24 parties including the Rally for Democracy and Progress and the Union for Renewal and Democracy. The parties that campaigned for a "no" vote included  the Front of Action Forces for the Republic and the Rally for the Republic – Lingui.

Results

By region

Aftermath
The constitutional amendment allowed Déby to contest the 2006 presidential elections, in which he won a third term.

References

2005 referendums
2005 in Chad
2005
Constitutional referendums
June 2005 events in Africa
Danis

Danis may refer to:

 Danis (butterfly), a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae
 Danis Goulet (born 1977), Canadian Cree-Métis film director and screenwriter
 Yann Danis (born 1981), Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender
 György Danis (1945–2012), Hungarian physician and politician
 Marcel Danis (born 1943), Canadian university administrator, lawyer and former politician
Disharmonic Orchestra

Disharmonic Orchestra is an Austrian death metal/grindcore band.

History
The band was formed in Klagenfurt in 1987. Two demos were recorded. A gig in Germany with Pungent Stench led to a deal with Nuclear Blast in 1989. The first outcome of that deal was a split with country-mates Pungent Stench. After they released two full-length albums with Nuclear Blast they signed a new deal and released their third album on Steamhammer. The albums sound rather different from each other. The band took a break in 1994 . This timeout lasted until 2002 after their debut album Expositionsprophylaxe had been re-issued they released studio album, titled Ahead.

In October 2016 after a long break the band released their new album called Fear of Angst.

Members
 Patrick Klopf – Guitars, vocals (1987–)
 Martin Messner – Drums (1987–)
 Hoimar Wotawa – Bass (2008–)

Former members
 Herald Bezdek – Guitar (1987–1988)
 Herwig Zamernik – Bass (1988–2008)

Discography
 The Unequalled Visual Response Mechanism (Demo, 1988)
 Requiem for the Forest (Demo, 1988)
 Split with Pungent Stench (EP, 1989)
 Successive Substitution (EP, 1989)
 Disappeared with Hermaphrodite Choirs (compilation LP, 1990) on Witchhunt Records
 Disharmonisation (Compilation LP, 1990) on Witchhunt Records
 Expositionsprophylaxe (CD, 1990)
 Not to Be Undimensional Conscious (CD, 1992)
 Mind Seduction (Single, 1992)
 Pleasuredome (CD, 1993)
 Ahead (CD, 2002)
 Fear of Angst (CD, LP, 2016)

External links
 Official website
 Disharmonic Orchestra at MySpace
 Disharmonic Orchestra at Purevolume

Austrian death metal musical groups
Austrian progressive metal musical groups
Avant-garde metal musical groups
Grindcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 1987
Nuclear Blast artists
New Netherland Company

New Netherland Company () was a chartered company of Dutch merchants. 

Following Henry Hudson’s exploration of the east coast of North America on behalf of the Dutch East India Company in 1609, several Dutch merchants sent ships to trade with the Native Americans (mainly fur) and to search for the Northwest Passage. In order to maximize their profits these merchants decided to form the New Netherland Company and on October 11, 1614 they successfully petitioned the Estates-General for a charter of trading privileges. The charter granted a monopoly of trade between the 40th and 45th parallel for a period of three years, starting on January 1, 1615. In 1618 the Company's charter wasn't renewed because negotiations for the formation of the Dutch West India Company were well advanced. After 1618 New Netherland was open to all traders, but the majority of trade was still conducted by the founders of the New Netherland Company until the establishment of the Dutch West India Company in 1621.

Founders
 

Jonas Witsen (Amsterdam)
Simon Morissen (Amsterdam)
Hans Hongers (Amsterdam)
Paulus Pelgrom (Amsterdam)
Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen (Amsterdam)
Arnolt van Lybergen (Amsterdam)
Wessel Schenck (Amsterdam)
Hans Claessen (Amsterdam)
Berent Sweertssen (Amsterdam)
Peter Clementsen Brouwer (Hoorn)
John Clementsen Kies (Hoorn)
Cornelis Volckertsen (Hoorn)

See also
 Fort Nassau
 European chartered companies founded around the 17th century (in French)

References

+
Chartered companies
Fur trade
1615 establishments in the Dutch Republic
Companies established in 1615
1618 disestablishments in the Dutch Republic
Companies of the Dutch Republic
Mike McGee (gallery director)

Mike McGee is an American curator, art writer, educator, and arts administrator. He is the gallery director for the Nicholas and Lee Begovich Gallery at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) in Fullerton, California.

Biography 
He is the co-founder of the CSUF Grand Central Art Center in 1994, and was interim acting director in 2011 for the CSUF Grand Central Art Center. McGee has been professor of the Masters program in Exhibition Design and Museum Studies at CSUF for the past 22 years. McGee has served as a board member for Arts Orange County, OCCCA, CSUF Grand Central Art Center and is an Arts Commissioner for the City of Santa Ana.

He had polycystic kidney disease and underwent a kidney transplant in 2008.

Publications 
McGee has written major essays for several exhibitions, including:
"Mark Ryden: Bunnies and Bees", Porterhouse Fine Arts Editions and GCP, 2002
"100 Artists See Satan", Grand Central Press, 2004, co-published by Last Gasp, San Francisco, CA
"John Paul Jones-A retrospective", Grand Central Press, 2009
"The Saddest Place on Earth-The Art of Camille Rose Garcia", Grand Central Press, 2006, co-published by Last Gasp, San Francisco, CA
"Charles Kraff's Villa Delirium", Grand Central Press, 2002, co-published by Last Gasp, San Francisco, CA
"Allegedly - Hugh Brown, Status Factory", 
"The Art of Ron English, in process
"Mel's Hole" Grand Central Press, 2008, co-published by Last Gasp, San Francisco, CA
"Thomas Kinkade- Heaven on Earth", Grand Central Press, 2004, co-published by Last Gasp, San Francisco, CA
"Jan de Swart, 
"As Above So Below", Grand Central Press, 2004
"Mark Ryden. Pinxit", Taschen, 2012
"G. Ray Kerciu Radical Retrospective", Grand Central Press, 2013, co-published by CSU Fullerton, Begovich Gallery

He is also a contributing writer to "The Curiosities of Janice Lowry", Grand Central Press, 2011 and "Suggestivism", Gingko Press and Grand Central Press, 2011

References

External links
CSUF Spotlight: Detrás de las Cortinas art exhibit.
CSUF Grand Central Art Center: "Brent Green-To Many Men Strange Fates Are Given"
Juxtapoz: Hugh Brown’s “Allegedly” at GCAC with Greg Escalante and Nathan Spoor.

American art curators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
California State University, Fullerton faculty
American arts administrators
Heinrich von Pierer

Heinrich von Pierer (exactly Heinrich Karl Friedrich Eduard Pierer von Esch; born 26 January 1941 in Erlangen) is a German manager. From 1992 to 2005, he was CEO of Siemens AG. Subsequently, he was chairman of the supervisory board from which he resigned on 25 April 2007.

History

Pierer studied law and economics in Erlangen, graduated with a Juris Doctor, JD (Law) in 1968 and joined Siemens in 1969. From 1977, he worked for the company’s power generation subsidiary Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU). In 1989, he became President of KWU and a member of the Managing Board of Siemens AG.  In 1992, Pierer succeeded Karlheinz Kaske as CEO and held this post until January 2005, when Klaus Kleinfeld took over.

He is member of several other supervisory boards (e.g., Bayer and Volkswagen). Pierer is President of the German industry's Asia–Pacific–Committee which he helped to found in 1993. He also functioned as an advisor to the German governments under Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel.

In April 2004, Pierer became one of the few business leaders to speak at a Security Council meeting, where he reported on his recent meeting with Hamid Karzai and on the infrastructure work Siemens was doing in Afghanistan and Iraq.

He received the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation in 2000.

References

Shaping the Future. The Siemens Entrepreneurs 1847–2018. Ed. Siemens Historical Institute, Hamburg 2018,

External links

Presidents and Chief Executive Officers of Siemens AG
 

Siemens people
Living people
1941 births
Businesspeople from Bavaria
People from Erlangen
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
World champions in athletics

World champions in athletics may refer to:

List of World Athletics Championships medalists (men)
List of World Athletics Championships medalists (women)
Joe Hardstaff (RAF officer)

Joseph Hardstaff  (28 February 1935 – 22 November 2022) was an Air Commodore in the Royal Air Force and a first-class cricketer.

Joe Hardstaff was born in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, and was the third member in successive generations to represent his family in first-class cricket. His grandfather Joe Sr. and his father Joe Jr. both represented England and Nottinghamshire. His grandfather also stood as a first-class cricket umpire.

Hardstaff was commissioned into the Royal Air Force and rose to the rank of Air Commodore. He played cricket for the Free Foresters in two first-class matches in 1961 and 1962. He also captained the Royal Air Force cricket team and played for the Combined Services cricket team, as well as representing the Marylebone Cricket Club, as a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler.

He served as President of the RAF and Combined Services cricket clubs. He succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Packham as Secretary of Middlesex County Cricket Club in 1989, and retired in 1997.

Hardstaff died on 22 November 2022, aged 87.

References

1935 births
2022 deaths
English cricketers
English cricket administrators
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Secretaries of Middlesex County Cricket Club
People from Kirkby-in-Ashfield
Cricketers from Nottinghamshire
Royal Air Force officers
Game Tycoon

Game Tycoon is a business simulation game focused on production of video games. The game has been largely ridiculed, especially for some parts not translated from German to English.

Gameplay 
Game play is centered on the full production of video-game making; from production of an engine, concept design, physical design, packaging, licensing deals, market campaigns, and reviews.

The game starts off in 1982 with somewhat limited availability of features. Eventually, more options are made for engines and packaging, etc.

References 

2006 video games
Video games developed in Germany
Windows games
Windows-only games
Business simulation games
Tri Synergy games
Single-player video games
Missouri Route 221

Route 221 is a  east–west highway in eastern Missouri. Its western terminus is at Route 21 near Pilot Knob. Its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 67 (US 67) near Farmington.

Major intersections

References

221
Viestards

Viestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs; died 1230) was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester ().

Life
His capital was Tērvete hillfort. During the first decades of the 13th century he was allied with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword against Lithuanians, who looted Semigallia on several occasions. 

In 1205, joint forces of semigallians and crusaders defeated Lithuanians and killed duke Žvelgaitis.
In 1208 Viestards led a united Semigallian and crusader army into Lithuania but was heavily defeated.

In 1219 Viestards came into conflict with German bishop Albert when German crusaders placed their garrison in Semigallian castle of Mežotne. Viestards unsuccessfully attacked Mežotne but managed to defeat the reinforcement of crusaders coming on Lielupe river after that crusaders left Mežotne. Viestards became an enemy of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and made an alliance with his neighbors, the Samogitians. Together they fought against the crusaders.

In 1225 Viestards allowed William of Modena to preach in Semigallia however he refused to accept Christianity.
In 1228 Semigallian forces under Viestards joined the Curonians in their attack against main crusader stronghold- Riga. However they were unsuccessful in storming the city. 
In 1229 Viestards led semigallian revenge raid in crusader lands around Aizkraukle where he had a duel with komtur of Aizkraukle Marquart von Burbach.

Viestards died in 1230, but the Semigallians still were not conquered until the end of the 13th century.  Viestards never accepted Christianity and accepted only one monk in Semigallia as a preacher.

Although in Rhymed Chronicle Viestards is referred as king of Semigallia today it is believed that he reigned only in western part of Semigallia with a centre in Tērvete. Eastern part of Semigallia with  a centre in Mežotne hillfort most likely was not under Viestards rule until 1219. After Viestards death in 1230 area around Mežotne fell in the hands of German crusaders.

Legacy
The Order of Viesturs (Vesthardus Rex) was founded in 1938 to commemorate the spirit of independence of the people of ancient Latvia.

References 
 
 

1230 deaths
Pagans of the Livonian Crusade
Year of birth unknown
Deakins

Deakins is a surname, and may refer to:

James Deakins, fictional character on Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Joanne Deakins (born 1972), British backstroke swimmer
Lucy Deakins (born 1971), American actress
Peter Deakins, British architect
Roger Deakins (born 1949), British cinematographer

See also
Deakin (surname)
Malaya Vishera

Malaya Vishera () is a town and the administrative center of Malovishersky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:

History

The name of the town originates from the Malaya Vishera River, a tributary of the Vishera River. It was founded in 1843, as the construction of the Moscow–St. Petersburg Railway (opened in 1851) passing through the modern town started. At the time, it was a part of Krestetsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate. On February 24, 1918, Malovishersky Uyezd was established and Malaya Vishera became its seat. In 1921, Malaya Vishera was granted town status.

In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Malovishersky District was established, with the administrative center in Malaya Vishera. Novgorod Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Novgorod Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.

During World War II, Malaya Vishera was under German occupation from 24 October 1941 until 20 November 1941.  It became the eighth Soviet town liberated by Soviet troops in 1941 and the first one among those which were not subsequently re-occupied.

On July 5, 1944, Malovishersky District was included into the newly established Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Malaya Vishera serves as the administrative center of Malovishersky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with seven rural localities, incorporated within Malovishersky District as the town of district significance of Malaya Vishera. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Malaya Vishera is incorporated within Malovishersky Municipal District as Malovisherskoye Urban Settlement.

Economy

Industry
In the past, the economy of Malaya Vishera was dependent on the glass-making factory, which started to experience serious difficulties in the 1990s–2000s. Currently, it relies on timber industry (including production of furniture), food industry, and production of instruments.

Transportation

A train depot was opened in Malaya Vishera in 1860. Many long-distance trains (including Moscow–St. Petersburg) stop at this station. The station is also an important terminus of the regional suburban trains from Okulovka, Volkhovstroy, and St. Petersburg.

Malaya Vishera is connected by roads with the M10 Highway and with Lyubytino. The M10 passes  west of the town.

Culture and recreation
Malaya Vishera contains eight objects protected as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. 

Malaya Vishera hosts the Malaya Vishera District Museum, the only museum in the district. The museum exhibits collections of local interest.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Novgorod Oblast
Krestetsky Uyezd
The Folk Sampler

The Folk Sampler was a nationally syndicated show, produced and hosted by Mike Flynn, that showcased folk, blues, and bluegrass music both modern and old.

History
Originating as a 15-minute program at WMBI in Chicago by host Mike Flynn, it only aired for 13 episodes. After taking a job in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Flynn began broadcasting another early version of The Folk Sampler, from first KBEZ then at KRAV. This incarnation ended following Flynn's graduation. After moving to Siloam Springs, Arkansas, he began broadcasting the now hour-long program in 1978. In 1982 the program became syndicated initially through American Public Radio then through NPR. Each week's show has a theme which all songs featured fit into either by release date or actual song theme. It is reported that he spends 15–20 hours a week preparing each show.

Host
Flynn grew up in sparsely populated rural Kansas. He studied broadcasting at the University of Tulsa, Oklahoma and worked on stations KRAV and KBEZ, with a period working in Chicago on WMBI.  He then worked as a news anchor and weatherman on KOTV Channel 6 in Tulsa. He moved to John Brown University to teach communications, retiring as head of department in 1999.

In 1977 he and his wife, Sandy Flynn, moved to Siloam Springs, Arkansas bordering the Arkansas Ozarks, starting The Folk Sampler, with his wife as co-producer. In 1993, Sandy died; although Mike had threatened to quit doing music if she died before him, she had been able to convince him that carrying on the folk music tradition would be just what he needed. He continues to carry the tradition with each week's broadcast.

In the broadcast of April 21, 2018, Flynn announced that he will be retiring and that The Folk Sampler will be ceasing production with episodes airing through June. Repeats still air on some public radio stations that carried the show first-run.

References

External links

American music radio programs
Folk music mass media
NPR programs

1978 radio programme debuts 
2018 radio programme endings