alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Gaoyang, Hebei

Gaoyang () is a town in and the seat of Gaoyang County, in south-central Hebei province, China, about  southeast of Baoding. , it has 10 residential communities () and 13 villages under its administration.

See also
List of township-level divisions of Hebei

References

Gaoyang County
Township-level divisions of Hebei
Al the Octopus

Al the Octopus is the mascot of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. During many games, octopuses are thrown onto the ice by fans for good luck, this usually occurring after the national anthem is sung or after a goal is scored.

This Legend of the Octopus tradition, started on April 15, 1952, when two brothers, Pete and Jerry Cusimano, who owned a fish market, decided to throw an octopus onto the ice at Olympia Stadium, with the eight tentacles of the octopus symbolizing the eight wins it took to win the Stanley Cup at the time. The Red Wings were a perfect 7–0 in the playoffs and were one win away from not only winning the Cup, but becoming the first perfect team in the NHL's post season history. Sure enough the Red Wings won that game, and the media made mention of the octopus "omen" in the papers the following day, thus establishing the octopus legend in the process. Fans have been throwing octopuses onto the ice at Red Wings games ever since. The tradition died down somewhat in the 1970s and 1980s during the Red Wings dismal seasons, but when the Red Wings became contenders again in the 1990s, the tradition resumed.

Eventually, a drawn purple octopus mascot was created, and in the 1995 playoffs a large Octopus prop was unveiled. The Octopus was eventually named "Al" (after former Joe Louis Arena and  Little Caesars Arena building operations manager Al Sobotka), and every playoff year since, Al the Octopus gets raised to the rafters, when the Red Wings skate out onto the ice. As the years went on some modifications were made to Al, such as making it so his pupils light up red (blinking on and off), the adding of a large Red Wing Jersey to his body, and the removal of a tooth in order to give Al that "hockey player" look. Al often appears on Red Wings apparel and promotional items. Coca-Cola would later create stuffed Als, in their Fan in the Can or Al in the Can promotion.  The promotion featured cases of Coke in which some cans were, in fact, containers holding the stuffed Al.  Later, Michigan stores would carry the doll, and it would be sold via a mail-in.

There have been many other types of Al merchandise, such as stickers, inflatable dolls, and decals. During the 1996 playoff year, a CD called A Call to Arms was released featuring Al on the cover. Being an octopus, Al's jersey number is 8.

As it now takes 16 wins for the Red Wings to claim the Stanley Cup, there are now two Als hanging from the rafters when the Red Wings are in the playoffs.

Despite all this, there is no costumed Al mascot, perhaps due to the impracticality of such a suit, combined with the lateness of Al's adoption. Detroit remains one of very few hockey, and indeed American sports, teams without a suited mascot to rally fans.

See also
List of National Hockey League mascots

References 

National Hockey League team mascots
Detroit Red Wings
Farhad Manjoo

Farhad Manjoo (born 1978) is an American journalist. Manjoo was a staff writer for Slate magazine from 2008 to September 2013, when they left to join The Wall Street Journal. In January 2014, they joined The New York Times, replacing David Pogue as the technology columnist. Manjoo became an opinion columnist at the paper in 2018. They have also been a contributor to National Public Radio since 2009.

Early and personal life
Manjoo was born in South Africa in 1978 to a family with ancestral roots in India. The family left South Africa when Manjoo was eight years old, and moved to Southern California. Manjoo graduated from Cornell University in 2000. As an undergraduate, Manjoo served as writer and editor-in-chief of the Cornell Daily Sun student newspaper.

Manjoo, self-described in the New York Times as a “stereotypical, cisgender, middle-aged suburban dad,” stated in 2019 that they prefer to be referred to with singular they pronouns. Manjoo publicly disclosed their struggle with esophageal achalasia in 2019.

Career
Manjoo wrote for Wired News before taking a staff position at Salon.com. In July 2008, they accepted a job at Slate magazine writing a twice-weekly technology column. In September 2013, they joined The Wall Street Journal as a technology columnist; their final column for Slate, urging men to wear makeup, was published on September 20. They moved to The New York Times in 2014.

Manjoo has written about technology, new media, politics, and controversies in journalism.

They are the author of the book True Enough: Learning to Live in a Post-Fact Society.

They shared the 2018 Gerald Loeb Award for Breaking News for the story "Ouster at Uber."

In March 2018, they published a column in the Times about a personal experiment in getting most of their news from print sources for two months. The piece drew criticism from the Columbia Journalism Review and the Nieman Foundation for Journalism for the article's assertion Manjoo had "unplugged from Twitter" for this period when in fact they continued to use the social media service every day. Manjoo felt the piece was sufficiently clear that they made exceptions to their "unplugged" policy, and The New York Times stood by the piece. WNYC's On the Media removed a segment with Manjoo discussing the experiment.

In April 2021, their column "Let's Quit Fetishizing the Single-Family Home" was used for the Abitur high school leaving exams in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

References

External links

Farhad Manjoo articles at The New York Times
Farhad Manjoo articles at Slate.com
Farhad Manjoo articles at Salon.com
Farhad Manjoo pieces on NPR
Farhad Manjoo articles at Fast Company
Helen Bailey and Farhad Manjoo at NYTimes.com

1978 births
American male journalists
Cornell University alumni
Living people
The New York Times columnists
NPR personalities
Slate (magazine) people
South African emigrants to the United States
Technology commentators
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Breaking News
American journalists of Asian descent
American male writers of Indian descent
Alive & Amplified

Alive & Amplified is The Mooney Suzuki's third studio album, and their second under Columbia Records. Released on August 24, 2004, it came two years after their third album, Electric Sweat. It was recorded in various locations, including Paramount Studios, Ameraycan Studios, and Decoy Studios, all located in Los Angeles, California. Of its content, the band said it is "dense, kaleidoscopic, and that you could spend hours uncovering little nuggets of goodness." Many of the songs assume sexual innuendos, such as "Primitive Condition", "Alive & Amplified", "Shake That Bush Again", "Loose 'n' Juicy", "Messin' in the Dressin' Room", and "Naked Lady". Of the song "New York Girls", Sammy James, Jr. said "I love the song California Girls, and the women of New York didn't get a fair shake in California Girls, and he thought the New York Girls needed their fair shake, so we gave that to them."

The title song, "Alive & Amplified", became popular after it was featured in a commercial for the Suzuki Grand Vitara, then in a 2004 episode One Tree Hill, then in the 2005 film Fun with Dick and Jane, and later in video games Madden NFL 2005, ATV Offroad Fury 3, and Shaun White Snowboarding, the 2006 films Bachelor Party Vegas and Grandma's Boy and the TV sketch show That Mitchell and Webb Look.  In 2016, it was the theme tune to Channel 4's TV series The Aliens. "Shake That Bush Again" was featured in Burnout 3: Takedown.

Artwork
The CD liner notes when opened, reveal a full print of the painting Nativity by Mati Klarwein, which depicts a naked woman sitting in a field of psychedelia. On the reverse side, the lyrics and song-specific artwork as well as album credits are present.

The album has an alternative cover, which features the band standing on a beach looking toward the camera as well as using a different design for the album title.

Critical reception
Alive & Amplified was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 51 based on 13 reviews.

Track listing

Hidden track
Find "Love Bus" by fast-forwarding after "Naked Lady". The song starts at 5:13 (approx.) "Love Bus" uses a similar riff to "Legal High."

Personnel
 Sammy James Jr. – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, percussion
 Graham Tyler – lead guitar, vocals, percussion
 Augie Wilson – drum kit, percussion, vocals
 Michael Miles – bass guitar, percussion, vocals
 Mike Finnegan – clavinet on "New York Girls", Hammond organ on "Sometimes Somethin'" and "Naked Lady"
 Lynn Davis – vocals on "Alive & Amplified", "Loose 'n' Juicy", and "Naked Lady"
 The Matrix – additional vocals on "Alive & Amplified"
 Victor Indrizzo – additional percussion

References

External links
 The Mooney Suzuki Official Website 
 The Mooney Suzuki's Myspace 

2004 albums
Albums produced by the Matrix (production team)
The Mooney Suzuki albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums with cover art by Mati Klarwein
Debug menu

A debug menu or debug mode is a user interface implemented in a computer program that allows the user to view and/or manipulate the program's internal state for the purpose of debugging. Some games format their debug menu as an in-game location, referred to as a debug room (distinct from the developer's room type of Easter egg). Debug menus and rooms are used during software development for ease of testing and are usually made inaccessible or otherwise hidden from the end user.

Compared to the normal user interfaces, debug menus usually are unpolished and not user-friendly, intended only to be used by the software's developers. They are often cryptic and may allow for destructive actions such as erasing data without warning.

In video games 

Debug menus are often of interest to video game players as they can be used to cheat, access unused content, or change the game configuration beyond what is normally allowed. Some game developers will reveal methods to access these menus as bonus features, while others may lock them out of the final version entirely such that they can only be accessed by modifying the program.

The Cutting Room Floor (TCRF) is a website dedicated to researching and documenting hidden content in video games, including debugging material. In December 2013, Edge described the website as "the biggest and most organised" of its kind, and by that time it had 3712 articles.

In other software 

Debugging functions can be found in many other programs and consumer electronics as well. For example, many TVs and DVD players contain hidden menus that can be used to change settings that aren't accessible through the normal menus. Many cell phones also contain debug menus, usually used to test out functions of the phone to make sure they are working. For example, the hidden menu of the Samsung Galaxy S III has test functions for the vibrator, proximity sensor, sound, and other basic aspects of the phone.

References 

Debugging
Video game development
Globe Gazette

The Globe Gazette, known locally as the Globe, is a daily morning newspaper published in Mason City, Iowa, in the United States.

History
The Globe Gazette traces its history back to July 17, 1858, and a weekly newspaper called The Cerro Gordo Press, named for Cerro Gordo County. By the time Lee Enterprises acquired the newspaper in 1925, under its current name, it had been known as the Republican, the Express, the Express-Republican, the Freeman, the Western Democrat, the Herald, the Times-Herald, the Gazette, and the Globe. The newspaper published in the afternoon, Monday through Saturday, until 1977, when the Saturday edition switched to morning publication. In 1981, all publication switched to a morning schedule. Sunday Globes began publication in 1985.

Starting June 20, 2023, the print edition of the newspaper will be reduced to three days a week: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Also, the newspaper will transition from being delivered by a traditional newspaper delivery carrier to mail delivery by the U.S. Postal Service.

Content
Reporting focuses on local news across a nine-county coverage area  and high school sports in 16 school districts. Opinions and editorials published by the newspaper represent a major forum for debate on local issues. The Globe Gazette entered the Internet news arena much earlier than most small newspapers and continues to offer continuously updated content on its website, official Facebook (@mcglobegazette) and Twitter (@globegazette) pages, and its mobile app. The Globe publishes a printed newspaper and e-Edition  Tuesday through Sunday. A national-wire e-Edition is published online for subscribers on Mondays.

References

Cerro Gordo Press
Ref. to Mason City Globe Gazette in 1895

External links
 
 
 On Newspapers.com
 On Muck Rack

1858 establishments in Iowa
Daily newspapers published in the United States
Lee Enterprises publications
Mason City, Iowa
Newspapers published in Iowa
Newspapers established in 1858
Daniel Wattenberg

Daniel Eli Wattenberg (born 1959) is an American journalist and musician. He was  raised in Bethesda, Maryland. His father was the pundit Ben Wattenberg and his aunt is the actress Rebecca Schull. He received his BA degree from Columbia University in 1983.

Biography

Wattenberg left his music career in 1983 to join the US State Department.  He was first assigned to the embassy in Paris before being called back to Foggy Bottom to serve as a speechwriter for Elliott Abrams. After the Iran-Contra scandal, he left public service to work as a journalist. He joined the staff of The Washington Times, and became one of the founding staffers of its spinoff, Insight on the News.

In the early 1990s, he moved on to the magazine American Spectator where he collaborated with David Brock on a number of exposés of Bill and Hillary Clinton.

Wattenberg went on to work as a writer and editor for such magazines as The Weekly Standard and John F. Kennedy, Jr.'s George. He also collaborated with his father, Ben Wattenberg, on a syndicated newspaper column. In the mid-2000s (decade), he returned to The Washington Times to serve as its arts editor.

References

External links
AEI publications co-authored by Daniel and Ben Wattenberg

1959 births
Living people
American male journalists
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
Jewish American musicians
Columbia University alumni
People from Bethesda, Maryland
Place of birth missing (living people)
American punk rock musicians
The Washington Times people
Unification Church and Judaism
The American Spectator people
United States Department of State officials
Singer-songwriters from Maryland
21st-century American Jews
Witch (band)

Witch is an American stoner metal band whose members are from Vermont and Massachusetts.

History 
Witch was formed in 2005 by Dinosaur Jr. guitarist J Mascis and long time friend Dave Sweetapple. However, Mascis does not play guitar for the band; he plays his first instrument, the drums. To complete the band's line-up, Mascis and Sweetapple recruited the guitarist and vocalist, Kyle Thomas, from King Tuff from avant-folk group Feathers. Their eponymous debut album was released on March 7, 2006. They also contributed an alternate version of the song "Rip Van Winkle" to the Invaders compilation, which was released by Kemado Records later that year. Their latest album Paralyzed was released on March 18, 2008.

Style 
Witch's trademark sound (particularly in their early work) shows obvious Black Sabbath influence. Black Flag influence was also noted for their sophomore effort, Paralyzed.

Band members 
Kyle Thomas – vocals, guitar
Graham Clise – guitar
Dave Sweetapple – bass
J Mascis – drums

Discography

Albums 
2006 – Witch – Tee Pee Records
2008 – Paralyzed – Tee Pee Records

Singles 
2006 – "Soul of Fire"/"Rip Van Winkle (Demo)" 7-inch – Tee Pee Records
2008 – Witch/Earthless split 7-inch – Volcom Entertainment Vinyl Club

DVD 
2007 – Local Band Nitemare – Blueberry Honey/Tee Pee Records (reissue)

External links 
Witch at Tee Pee Records

American stoner rock musical groups
American doom metal musical groups
Musical groups from Massachusetts
Heavy metal musical groups from Massachusetts
Musical groups established in 2005
American musical quartets
Lucius Vipsanius (father of Agrippa)

Lucius Vipsanius was the father of the Roman politician and general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the distinguished Roman woman Vipsania Polla, and another Lucius Vipsanius.

Biography
The family of Lucius Vipsanius originated in the Italian countryside and was of humble and plebeian origins. Roddaz has argued that Vipsanius was likely a first generation Roman citizen who had acquired citizenship after the end of the Social War in 87 BC.

Legacy
The Pantheon, built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian in Rome in 118, replaced a much smaller temple built by Vipsanius's son Marcus when he was Consul for the third time. The name of Lucius Vipsanius and his son are inscribed on the building.

References

External links
Livius.org

Ancient Roman equites
Roman-era inhabitants of Italy
Lucius Vipsanius
1st-century BC Romans
KingsRow

KingsRow is a strong checkers and draughts engine. It was released by Ed Gilbert in 2000.

The checkers engine can be used with the CheckerBoard GUI. It is only available as a DLL on Windows since CheckerBoard is a windows-only program. The engine is available as freeware.

The engine uses neural networks, opening books, and endgame databses.

History
In the only Computer Checkers World Championship, KingsRow took second place behind Nemesis.

KingsRow was stronger than Cake++ in the early years. Cake++ finally caught up with KingsRow and gradually became stronger. 
It competed a 624-game match against Cake++ on Thanksgiving 2004; Cake++ won 3 to 1, with 620 games ending in a draw. As of 2023, KingsRow is better than Cake.
On July 17, 2005, Ed Gilbert completed building a 10-piece endgame database for use with KingsRow. It had a size of 214 GB, but in July 2016 it was reduced to 102 GB using better compression techniques. KingsRow supports WLD (win/loss/draw), DTW (depth to win), and MTC (depth to conversion) endgame databases.

A version for Italian checkers with a nine-piece endgame tablebase is available, too.

10x10 version 
A 10x10 version of KingsRow was started in 2007. In 2009, an eight-piece endgame tablebase was finished. KingsRow won the Unofficial World Championship of Computer Programs in International Draughts 2023. As of 2023, it is considered one of the best 10x10 draughts programs together with Damage, Scan, and Ares.

References

External links
KingsRow Webpage
KingsRow Italian
KingsRow International

Computer draughts players
2000 software
Junction and Breakwater Trail

The  Junction and Breakwater Trail is a  long rail trail located on the southwestern side of Cape Henlopen State Park connecting Lewes and Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, United States. It is the third rail trail built in Delaware and it is the longest in the state. It partially follows the former Pennsylvania Railroad Rehoboth Beach branch that once transported passengers to several Methodist resort camps along the Atlantic coast. The line was abandoned by the Penn Central in the early 1970s.

The Junction and Breakwater Trail is named after the former railroad line between Lewes and Rehoboth in the mid-19th century. The first  of the trail was opened in December 2003 after acquiring parcels and easements from private landowners. On June 4, 2007, an additional  were added, extending the trail to Kings Highway in Lewes. Plans are being discussed to extend the trail further into town.

The trail includes two bridges, including an  long railroad bridge originally built in 1913 that crosses Holland Glade and provides views of coastal wetlands and of a World War II observation tower located on the coast. The trail consists of crushed stone with an average width of .

Notes

External links
 Map

Rail trails in Delaware
Protected areas of Sussex County, Delaware
Protected areas established in 2003
National Recreation Trails in Delaware
John W. Colloton

John W. Colloton (born 1931 in Mason City, Iowa) was the Director and CEO for the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from 1971 to 1993.  He assumed the title of director emeritus in 2001.  He had a great influence in developing the University of Iowa's hospital program.  Colloton is the recipient of the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans.

His son, Steven Colloton, sits as a judge on United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. He was nominated by President George W. Bush in 2003.

External links
Colloton's Horatio Alger Association page

1931 births
Living people
People from Mason City, Iowa
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Dicing saw

A dicing saw is a kind of saw which employs a high-speed spindle fitted with an extremely thin diamond blade or diamond wire to dice, cut, or groove semiconductor wafers, and glass, ceramic, crystal, and many other types of material.

The thickness of the cutting blades used varies with the material being cut, and is of about 20 μm to 35 μm when cutting silicon wafers. Japanese companies, such as DISCO Corporation and Accretech (Tokyo Seimitsu), account for about 90% of dicing saw sales. In the past, cutting 1/2 to 2/3 of wafer thickness was the mainstream; with large diameter wafers on dicing tape, full cut cutting is becoming mainstream.

See also
 Diamond tools
 Disco Corporation – a manufacturer of dicing saws

References

Saws
Frew

Frew may refer to;

People

Given name
Frew McMillan, a professional male tennis player from South Africa

Surname
Frew (surname)

Other
Frew, Kentucky
Frew, West Virginia
Frew River, the Northern Territory of Australia
Bridge of Frew, Ford of Frew, North Mid Frew, South Mid Frew, Wester Frew. Area on the upper River Forth west of Stirling, Scotland.
Frew Publications, publishes Lee Falk's The Phantom comic in Australia
Beru (company)

BERU Group is a listed public company since October 1997. The company was founded as a spark plug factory by Julius Behr and Albert Ruprecht in 1912. The company is the leading manufacturer of diesel cold start systems with an estimated worldwide market share of 40 % for glow plugs. In the field of ignition technology for petrol engines, BERU is one of the four major manufacturers in Europe. BERU makes electronics for cars. The company also produces sensor technology and ignition systems for the oil and gas burner industry. Almost all OE-manufacturers of automobiles, commercial vehicles and engines are BERU's customers. The company's headquarters are located in Ludwigsburg, Germany. BERU has been acquired by BorgWarner in 2010.

Sources

References

Auto parts suppliers of Germany
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Ludwigsburg
Christian Heritage School (Connecticut)

Christian Heritage School is a private, non-denominational, college preparatory Christian school in Trumbull, Connecticut, providing education to students from kindergarten through 12th grade.

History
Christian Heritage School was founded in Trumbull, Connecticut in 1977. It enrolls about 450 students. Founded as an independent Christian school, it is not affiliated with a particular church or denomination. There are approximately 90 local churches from 36 surrounding towns represented in the student body.

Academics 
The school is accredited through NEASC (New England Association of Schools and Colleges) since 1985, and is a member of the ACSI (Association of Christian Schools International) since 1977.

All students attending Christian Heritage School are required to take a Bible class corresponding to their grade level and attend weekly chapel services. Graduation requirements are: 3.5 credits of Bible, 4 credits of Math, 4 credits of English, 3 credits of Science, 3 credits of Social Studies, 2 credits of World Language, 3 credits of Electives, and a half credit each of Physical Ed and Health. High school students are also required to complete 80 total hours of community service. High school students may take up to 16 college-credit courses through Advanced Placement, UConn ECE, Seton Hall University, and Syracuse University.

Athletics 
The athletic program has 20 middle and high school teams, 11 of which are varsity sports. 70% of all secondary students participate on an interscholastic athletic team. League and conference affiliations are: Western New England Preparatory School Athletic Association (WNEPSAA), Housatonic Valley Athletic League (HVAL), New England Preparatory School Athletic Conference (NEPSAC), and National Christian School Athletic Association (NCSAA).

International programs 
Beginning in 2008, the school received SEVP certification to enroll international students and has since enrolled students from China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Germany, England, France, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru. Beginning in 2014, the school has offered semester abroad programs in Thailand, Poland, and China.

Spiritual formation in middle and high school include fall overnight retreats  and spiritual emphasis week. Summer mission programs are organized for middle and high school students to perform community service outside of the Connecticut area. In 2019, students traveled to Guatemala and Uganda, as well as Philadelphia.

External links

Notable alumni 
Alyssa Naeher, soccer player

References 

Christian schools in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in Trumbull, Connecticut
Schools in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Private high schools in Connecticut
Educational institutions established in 1977
Nondenominational Christian schools in the United States
Private middle schools in Connecticut
Private elementary schools in Connecticut
1977 establishments in Connecticut
George Swett Appleton

George Swett Appleton (August 11, 1821 – July 8, 1878) was an American publisher, the third son of Daniel Appleton.

Early life
George Swett Appleton was born on August 11, 1821, in Andover, Massachusetts. He was the third son of eight children born to Daniel Appleton (1785–1849) and Hannah Adams (1791–1859), the daughter of John Adams and Dorcas Falkner.

Appleton received a liberal education in New York and then traveled abroad to study, particularly in Leipzig, Germany.

Career
After his studies in Germany, he returned to the United States and for a number of years was an independent publisher and a book seller in Philadelphia. Employees included Joseph Sabin.

In 1860, he joined the family publishing business, D. Appleton & Company, with his brothers and acted as the de facto press agent of the firm.

In 1865, George moved his family to New York and became a partner with his three brothers, John, William, and Sidney in his father's publishing business, D. Appleton & Company. He was a scholar and art connoisseur, and acted as the literary adviser to the firm.  Appletons' Art Journal and the Popular Science Monthly were planned by him. He was also responsible for the Picturesque America volumes.

Personal life
In Paris in 1846, he married Caroline Archer Osgood (b. 1830), the daughter of Robert H. Osgood of Salem, Massachusetts and sister of Rear Commodore Franklin Osgood (1828-1888) of the New York Yacht Club.  Together they had two daughters and three sons:

 Ellina Appleton (b. 1848), who married William A. Fraser in 1867.
 Walter Stone Appleton (b. 1849), who married Annie P. Beach, the daughter of W. A. Beach, of Troy.
 Emma Appleton (b. 1852), who married Madan, a Cuban.
 George Swett Appleton (1854–1886), who worked at D. Appleton & Co.
 Francis Appleton (b. 1856)

He was a member of the Century Association in New York, of which his brothers were founders, and a member of Grace Church. Before his death, he resided at 17 East 32nd Street in Manhattan.

Appleton died of cerebro-spinal meningitis on July 8, 1878, at the home of his brother in Riverdale, Bronx.  His funeral was held at Grace Church.

References

1821 births
1878 deaths
Appleton family
American book publishers (people)
People from Andover, Massachusetts
19th-century American businesspeople
Violin Concerto No. 1 (Paganini)

The Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 6, was composed by Niccolò Paganini in Italy and dates from the mid-to-late 1810s. It was premiered in Naples on the 31st of March 1819.

Tonality
Paganini intended the Concerto to be heard in E-flat major: the orchestral parts were written in E-flat, and the solo was written in D major with instructions for the violin to be tuned a semitone high, (a technique known as scordatura) enabling the soloist to achieve effects sounding in E-flat which would not be possible with normal tuning.  An example of this is the opening of the third movement, where the violin plays a rapid downward scale A-G-F-E-D, both bowed and pizzicato, which is possible on an open D-string, but extremely difficult in the key of E-flat. (i.e. playing B-A-G-F-E) Two strings would be required to play this downward scale, whereas only one string is required to play it in the key of D. In addition, having the orchestra playing in E-flat appears to comparatively mute the sound of the orchestra compared to the solo violin, because the orchestral string section plays less frequently on open strings, with the result that the solo violin part emerges more clearly and brightly from the orchestral accompaniment.

Leslie Howard's arrangement
Scholar and musicologist Leslie Howard (known for his work on Paganini's contemporary Franz Liszt) arranged an edition of the concerto in the key of E-flat, with reference both to Paganini's manuscript and the first edition. Howard's edition is the first to be published in the key of E-flat and with the solo part.

Instrumentation
Paganini's original published scoring was for 1 flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 1 bassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 1 trombone, and strings.

In the years following the original publication of the work, Paganini occasionally expanded his orchestration, writing out some odd parts to add from time to time in performance: 2nd flute, contrabassoon, doubled the horns, added trombones 1 & 2 (moving the existing trombone part to trombone 3 basso), timpani, and banda turca (bass drum, crash cymbals, and suspended cymbal).  He never added these into the one and only manuscript score.

Style
The concerto shows the great influence of the Italian bel canto style, and especially on Paganini's younger contemporary Gioachino Rossini.<ref>Klein, Hans-Günter (1976). "Concertos Nos. 1 & 2". In Accardo Plays Paganini: Complete Recordings (p. 8) [CD Booklet]. Germany: Deutsche Grammophon.</ref>

The later addition of instruments from a military band give this orchestration a distinct aggressive and militaristic sound.

Structure
The concerto is in three movements:

Émile Sauret (1852 – 1920), a French violinist and composer, wrote a cadenza for the first movement.

References

General References
 Vacchelli, Anna Maria (ed.), Howard, Leslie (arr.). (2007) Edizione nazionale delle opere di Niccolò Paganini: Primo concerto per violino e orchestra''. Istituto Italiano per la Storia della Musica.

External links
 

1810s compositions
1
Compositions in D major
Compositions in E-flat major
John Paris

John Paris is an American drummer, arranger, singer and songwriter. Paris is a member and drummer of the R&B, funk and jazz band Earth, Wind & Fire.

Biography
Paris appeared on Stephanie Mills' 1987 LP If I Was Your Woman. He later played the drums on Patti LaBelle's 1991 album Burnin', her 1992 LP Live! and  Waymon Tisdale's 1995 album Power Forward. He also worked with Bruce Hornsby on his 1995 LP Hot House, the Dazz Band on their 1997 album Double Exposure and played upon Mica Paris' 1998 album Black Angel. 

Paris has also played with artists such as Bob Dylan, Jimmy Cliff, Sheila E, Karyn White and Eric Benet.

In 2001, Paris became the drummer for the band, Earth, Wind & Fire.

Discography

Backing Musician and Production
1987 Stephanie Mills: If I Were Your Woman - (Drums)
1988 Jesse Johnson: Every Shade of Love - (Drums, Percussion's)
1991 Patti LaBelle: Burnin'- (Drums)
1992 Patti LaBelle: Live - (Drums)
1993 Walter & Scotty: My Brothers Keeper - (Arranger)
1994 Ricca: Ricca - (Drums)
1994 Philip Bailey: Philip Bailey (Co-producer and Drums)
1995 Wayman Tisdale: Power Forward - (Drums)
1996 Tracey Harris: Keep On Believin' - (Drums)
1998 Wayman Tisdale: Decisions - (Drums)
2001 Eddie M: Eddie M - (Producer, Drums, Writer, Keyboards)
2003 Earth, Wind & Fire: The Promise - (Drums)
2005 Earth, Wind & Fire: Illumination - (Drums)

References

1968 births
Living people
Earth, Wind & Fire members
African-American drummers
American funk drummers
American male drummers
Rhythm and blues drummers
20th-century American drummers
Harder Than You

Harder Than You is the debut album by 24-7 Spyz. It was released in 1989 via In-Effect. The album contains elements of several genres. The group flirts with polka on "Tango Skin Polka," introspective political reggae on "Ballots Not Bullets," and speed metal with "Spill My Guts."

The band made a video for MTV for their cover of Kool & the Gang's "Jungle Boogie." The song was remixed into a dance version with extended electronic instrumental passages, and was popular on the club circuit.

Like many 24-7 Spyz albums, the recording is out of print.

Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that the band "mixes and matches hardcore punk and tough-minded funk on Harder Than You to achieve a singularly potent blend ... It’s the band’s freewheeling sense of fun that makes [the album] such a visceral joy." The Orlando Sentinel deemed the album "rock-ska-punk-funk-soul-reggae-hip/hop-metal-jazz-polka core." The Encyclopedia of Popular Music praised the "stunning performances from the Jimi Hendrix-worshipping Hazel and the energetic Fluid."

Track listing
 "Grandma Dynamite" - 3:45 (Fluid/Hazel)
 "Jimi'z Jam" - 2:25 (Hazel)
 "Spyz Dope" - 2:50 (Fluid)
 "Social Plague" - 4:41 (Skatore)
 "I Must Go On" - 3:01 (Fluid)
 "Ballots Not Bullets" - 4:24 (Fluid)
 "Jungle Boogie" - 3:37 (Fluid/Kool & the Gang/Puelm)
 "Spill My Guts" - 3:37 (Fluid/Skatore/Hazel)
 "Sponji Reggae" - 3:53 (Rose)
 "Tango Skin Polka" - 1:28 (Fluid/Hazel)
 "Pillage" - 4:40 (Fluid/Hazel)
 "New Drug" - 2:55 (Fluid)

Personnel
Rick Skatore — Bass, Vocals (TV Repairman)
Anthony Johnson — Drums (Electrician)
P. Fluid — Thoughtman (Plumber)
Jimi Hazel — Guitars, Vocals (Carpenter)

References

1989 debut albums
24-7 Spyz albums
Dodge Powerbox

The Dodge Powerbox is a concept car created by Dodge. It was first introduced at the 2001 New York International Auto Show. The Powerbox demonstrated DaimlerChrysler's attempt in trying to improve hybrid automobiles.

The Powerbox uses a supercharged V6 engine that runs on compressed natural gas (CNG) in addition to an electric motor that boosts the acceleration of the Powerbox. The Powerbox can go from  in about seven seconds. The top speed of the Powerbox is 120 mph (193.1 km/h).

Some of the Powerbox's styling would be seen in the second-generation Durango, introduced in 2004.

References
Info on the Dodge Powerbox at ConceptCarz.com

Powerbox
B68 (New York City bus)

The B68 is a bus route that constitutes a public transit line operating in Brooklyn, New York City. The B68 is operated by the MTA New York City Transit Authority. Its precursor was a streetcar line that began operation in June 1862, and was known as the Coney Island Avenue Line. The route became a bus line in 1955.

Route description
The B68's northern terminus is at Prospect Park Southwest and Pritchard Square near the 15th Street–Prospect Park station in Park Slope. Service heads south via Prospect Park Southwest and Coney Island Avenue until Brighton Beach Avenue. Service then heads west via that street until West Brighton Avenue, before turning right onto West 5th Street. Buses then make lefts at Neptune Avenue and Stilwell Avenue before terminating at the Mermaid Bus Loop at Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station.

History

As a horsecar line
The original line ran from the Boulevard entrance of Prospect Park (Park Circle) to Coney Island and was operated by the Coney Island and Brooklyn Railroad (CI&B). It was the first railroad of any kind to reach Coney Island. The CI&B connected to other lines to bring people from Brooklyn (then a city) and from New York City (then meaning Manhattan) to its service to Coney Island. It began operating service along the Smith Street Line to Fulton Ferry in June 1862, so that the line was commonly called the "Smith Street Line". It was also known as the "Slocum Road" after its president, Henry Warner Slocum, a Civil War general and New York congressman. Slocum's name is also associated with the steamboat General Slocum, involved in a disastrous fire on the East River. Most of the route operated alongside the Coney Island Plank Road, now Coney Island Avenue.

As a trolley line
In 1890, in order to compete better with the steam railroads that had been opened to Coney Island beginning in 1864, the CI&B became the first horsecar line in Kings County to electrify, using trolley wire.

The CI&B acquired the Grand Street, Prospect Park and Flatbush Railroad (Franklin Avenue Line) in the early 1890s, and leased the Brooklyn City and Newtown Rail Road (DeKalb Avenue Line) in 1897.

The Coney Island and Gravesend Railway, a Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company subsidiary, bought a majority of CI&B stock in 1913 or 1914; it remained part of the BRT (Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation after 1923) system until the BMT was purchased by the City of New York in 1940.

As a bus line
In 1955, this was the third-to-last Brooklyn streetcar line to be converted to bus operation and the fourth to last in the State of New York. Service was renumbered as the B68 bus. In July 2001, service was extended from West 5th Street to the Coney Island subway station.

On December 1, 2022, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Brooklyn bus network. As part of the redesign, B68 service would be rerouted to Kingsborough Community College in Manhattan Beach at its southern end and have its overnight service eliminated. Closely spaced stops would also be eliminated.

References

Streetcar lines in Brooklyn
B068
B068
Predecessors of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
Defunct New York (state) railroads
Kurt Feltz

Kurt Feltz (14 April 1910 in Krefeld, Germany – 3 August 1982 in Mallorca, Spain) was a highly prolific German poet and song lyricist.

Selected filmography
...und die Musik spielt dazu (1943, based on Season in Salzburg)
Lascia cantare il cuore (Italy, 1943, based on Season in Salzburg)
Saison in Salzburg (1952, based on Season in Salzburg)
Die Perle von Tokay (1954, based on Die Perle von Tokay)
Bonjour Kathrin (1956, based on Die glücklichste Frau der Welt)
 Peter Shoots Down the Bird (1959)
Saison in Salzburg (1961, based on Season in Salzburg)

Screenwriter
Falstaff in Vienna (1940)

External links
GEMA — Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (Association for Musical Recording and Mechanical Reproduction Rights) – the German equivalent of the U.S. RIAA

1910 births
1982 deaths
People from Krefeld
Musicians from the Rhine Province
German male songwriters
20th-century German musicians
Eddie Phillips (musician)

Edwin Michael "Eddie" Phillips (born 15 August 1945, Leytonstone, London) is a British guitarist who rose to some prominence during the 1960s as a member of the rock band The Creation.

Biography
As a member of The Creation, Phillips was one of the figureheads of the new wave of British guitar heroes, and it was reported that Pete Townshend asked him to join The Who as a second guitarist, although this is now believed to be a 1960s publicity story and Phillips has regularly denied any knowledge of the invitation. "If he asked me, I didn't hear him," said Phillips in a 1988 interview with Chris Hunt of Guitarist magazine. "I think that was a bit of sharp press."

Phillips was the first guitarist to use a violin bow with a guitar, a technique he experimented with while in his first band the Mark Four and he perfected the style with The Creation, committing the sound to vinyl on The Creation's only UK chart hits, "Making Time" and "Painter Man", both released in 1966. Although Phillips was the originator, Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin later popularised the technique to a wider audience, leading many to erroneously believe that Page, and not Phillips, was the pioneer of the style.

Apart from being a guitarist, Phillips was also an accomplished songwriter and singer. He helped pen many of The Creation's best known songs, including "Painter Man" and "Making Time". Successful cover versions of his songs include the UK top ten hit "Painter Man" by Boney M and "Teacher, Teacher" by Rockpile. "Making Time" was featured on the Rushmore soundtrack, and "Teacher, Teacher" appeared in the opening credits for the 2011 film Bad Teacher.

After leaving The Creation (he was replaced briefly by Ronnie Wood), Phillips joined P. P. Arnold's TNT Soul Band on bass, featuring on her hit "Angel of the Morning" and the album Kafunta, before quitting music and reportedly becoming a bus driver. He reunited with The Creation's producer Shel Talmy in the 1970s, releasing the single "Limbo Jimbo." In 1979, he teamed up with former Creation singer Kenny Pickett as Kennedy Express, recording two singles. Pickett and Phillips later reunited the original Creation lineup in 1993, resulting in a series of dates and a studio album, before Pickett's death in 1996.

Phillips is still writing, recording and playing live with the reformed Creation (which for a time included original member Bob Garner). In recent years, The Creation has toured the UK, the US and parts of Europe.

References

External links
 Eddie Phillips interview: by Chris Hunt, first published in Guitarist magazine, 1988.
 Eddie Phillips Q And A – an email interview with Eddie Phillips
 
 Chatty Interview with retrosellers.com
 Interview with Creation Records

1942 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English male songwriters
People from Leytonstone
Steven Silverman

Steven A. Silverman (born April 25, 1954 in New Hampshire), also known as Steve Silverman, is an American lobbyist, politician and lawyer. Until December 2014, he was Director of the Montgomery County Department of Economic Development.

Silverman was appointed by Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett as Director of the Montgomery County Department of Economic Development in April 2009. Just prior to his appointment, Silverman served as the Director of Aging, Health Care, and Special Projects, for Maryland's Attorney General's Office. Prior to that, he served as the Chief of that office's Consumer Protection Division.

Previously, Silverman was a politician and an at-large County Councilmember in Montgomery County, Maryland where he served two four-year terms. He chaired the Council's Planning, Housing, and Economic Development Committee and was twice chosen by his peers to serve as President of the Council.

Silverman, a liberal Democrat, ran on the Democratic Party ticket for Montgomery County Executive, a position being vacated by Doug Duncan, who did not seek re-election. Councilmember Silverman focused his campaign around the issues of relieving traffic congestion, improving education, and increasing affordable housing among many others.

Silverman lost the County Executive primary election, garnering 36% of the vote. Isiah "Ike" Leggett won the primary, receiving 61% of the vote. (Leggett later won the general election.) Candidate Robert Fustero (who had run for Governor of Maryland in 2002 but lost in the primary to Kathleen Kennedy Townsend) received 3% of the vote.

Silverman appeared in debates against Democratic Party candidate Isiah Leggett, and occasionally debated against independent candidate Robin Ficker or Republican candidate Chuck Floyd.

Silverman is widely recognized for his strong support of taxpayer-funded social services and low-priced housing. He has been instrumental in persuading the Montgomery County Council to fund CASA de Maryland, a group that runs day laborer centers and provides social services to immigrants.

He resigned from his position as Director of the Montgomery County Department of Economic Development in December 2014 to launch a government relations firm, SSGovRelations, LLC.

In 1998, he was the co-chairman of the Silver Spring Redevelopment Steering Committee (Silver Spring, Maryland). In the 1990s, he was an attorney at Silverman and Schild, LLP in Silver Spring, Maryland.

References

External links 
 

Living people
George Washington University Law School alumni
American University alumni
1954 births
Maryland Democrats
Politicians from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Maryland lawyers
People from Silver Spring, Maryland
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
American lobbyists
Jørgen Otto Brockenhuus

Jørgen Otto Brockenhuus (born 11 March 1664, in Storhammer in Hamar and died 1728 in Vang) was a Norwegian officer.

Early life
He was son of colonel Ove Brockenhuus and Sophie Spang.

Military career
In his youth he served as a second lieutenant (fenrik) in the Netherlands and served in the royal guard in Denmark but belonged to the Norwegian military. In 1710 he became colonel (oberst) and commander of the First Oppland National Infantry Regiment (1. oplandske nationale Regiment Fodfolk).

He took part in the warfare in Norway during the Great Northern War and was named the second in command under general Jens Maltesen Sehested in 1715, where he was commander of the forces in southern Norway (sønnenfjeldske Norge). In 1717 he again took charge of his own regiment, which he commanded until his death.

Property
Brockenhuus owned the farms Aker (Åker gård) and Disen in Hedemark, and was married first to Blancheflor Sophie Due, and for a second time with Bertha Magdalene Brockenhuus, a daughter of his cousin. Brockenhuus founded the Brockenhuss –Schack family, resided there in the early 18th century.

Personal life
Brockenhuus married twice, first to Blancheflor Sophie Jacobsdatter Due and second time to Bertha (Barte) Magdalene Brockenhuus (1684–1769). He was the father of Henrik Brockenhuus and Frederik Brockenhuus.

References 

1664 births
1728 deaths
18th-century Danish military personnel
Norwegian Army personnel
Military personnel of the Great Northern War
Brockenhuus family
Norwegian colonels
Sultan Ismail Power Station

The Sultan Ismail Power Station is the largest gas turbine power station in Malaysia in Paka, Dungun District, Terengganu. It generates 1,136 MW electricity.

The station is the first and still remains the largest plant of this combined cycle type in Tenaga Nasional. With a capacity of 1150 MW, it is the second largest power plant after Port Klang Power Station. The station uses natural gas as the main fuel. The gas is supplied by Petronas from its nearby gas processing plant.

History
The station was completed in 1987 and officially opened in 1988 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah of Terengganu.

Type of power station
The type of power station is an oil and gas turbine from Petronas oil and gas refinery in Kerteh.

Dungun District
Oil-fired power stations in Malaysia
Natural gas-fired power stations in Malaysia