alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Saint Modan

St Modan was the son of an Irish chieftain. He became a monk and built a chapel at Dryburgh, Scotland, in 522 which he used as a base for several years. This later became the site of a monastery: Dryburgh Abbey.

He actively proselytised on behalf of the Celtic church in the Falkirk and Stirling areas, and along the Forth, continuing until he was elected abbot, a post which he accepted reluctantly. After a number of years he resigned and became a hermit, settling in the Dumbarton area, where he would die. His relics were enshrined at Saint Modan's church, Rosneath.

His feast day is February 4.

External links
Catholic Online entry
Another entry

6th-century deaths
History of the Scottish Borders
History of Stirling (council area)
History of Falkirk (council area)
History of West Dunbartonshire
History of Argyll and Bute
6th-century Christian saints
6th-century Irish people
Medieval Irish saints
Medieval Scottish saints
Irish Christian monks
Year of birth unknown
Medieval Scottish clergy
Jun'ichi Yoda

was a Japanese poet and a leading figure among Japanese authors of children's books during the Shōwa period.

Early life
Junichi Yoda was born in 1905 in Setaka (now Miyama), Fukuoka, the second son of Yotarō Asayama and Sue, and was adopted as the heir of the Yodas, relatives of the Asayamas.

Literary career
While teaching at elementary schools in Chikugo, Yoda studied under Kitahara Hakushū.  Then he went to Tokyo and became an editor of Akai Tori (Red Bird), an influential children's literature magazine which Miekichi Suzuki published and where Nankichi Niimi was active at that time. In 1929, Yoda published his first book for children, Flag, Bee, and Cloud (『旗・蜂・雲』).

From 1950 to 1960 Yoda gave lectures on children's literature at Japan Women's University.  In 1962 he became the chairman of the Japanese Association of Writers for Children.  He was awarded the Sankei Juvenile Literature Publishing Culture Award for the Complete Works of Junichi Yoda (『与田凖一全集』) in 1967 and the Noma Juvenile Literature Prize for Noyuki Yamayuki (『野ゆき山ゆき』) in 1973.  Michio Mado and Kimiko Aman were his pupils.

Works
 "A Goat and a Dish" 『山羊とお皿』
 "12 Stumps" 『十二の切株』
 "Bippu and the Town Mayor" 『びっぷとちょうちょう』
 "A Song of Playing with a Ball Hitting with the Hand" 『てまりのうた』
 "The Complete Works of Junichi Yoda" 『与田凖一全集』

Yoda Junichi Memorial Museum in Miyama Fukuoka
http://www.library.miyama.fukuoka.jp/yoda/

1905 births
1997 deaths
People from Miyama, Fukuoka
Japanese male poets
Writers from Fukuoka Prefecture
20th-century Japanese poets
20th-century Japanese male writers
Alabama National Guard

The Alabama National Guard is the National Guard of the U.S State of Alabama, and consists of the Alabama Army National Guard and the Alabama Air National Guard. (The Alabama State Defense Force is the third military unit of the Alabama Military Department, part of the Government of Alabama, however not a component of the National Guard).  The National Guard is charged with dual federal and state missions. The state functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control.

The National Guard may be called into federal service by the President under either Title 10 or Title 32 status. When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is: "To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed." Technically the Alabama National Guard is currently under federal service as Executive Order 11111, which federalized the guard and was issued in response to the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door in 1963, was never revoked.

The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alabama National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is: "To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law."

As authorized under the Constitution, Congress has the power to
regulate National Guard units; hence they are trained and equipped as a part of the United States Army and United States Air Force, even when under state command.  The same respective ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. All Alabama National Guard soldiers are also eligible for a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the State of Alabama.

The Alabama National Guard has a State Partnership Program relationship with Romania.

See also
Alabama State Defense Force
Militia
Transformation of the Army National Guard
 List of armored and cavalry regiments of the United States Army

References

External links
Alabama National Guard, accessed 20 Nov 2006
GlobalSecurity.org Alabama Army National Guard, accessed 20 Nov 2006
Alabama National Guard article, Encyclopedia of Alabama
Bibliography of Alabama Army National Guard History compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

United States Army National Guard by state
Military in Alabama
State agencies of Alabama
1807 establishments in the United States
Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs

The Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs manages military and veterans affairs for the U.S. state of Alaska. It comprises a number of subdepartments, including the Alaska National Guard, Veterans Affairs, the Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Alaska Naval Militia, and others.

Alaska National Guard
The Alaska National Guard is Alaska's component of the National Guard of the United States and comprises the Alaska Army National Guard and the Alaska Air National Guard.  Current strength is 1,972 army guardsmen and 2,309 air guardsmen.

The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alaska National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is "To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by 
state law." The Alaska Army National Guard also operates a launch site for a U.S. anti-missile system at Fort Greely, about 100 miles south of Fairbanks.

The military department's Alaska Military Youth Academy is run by the National Guard.

Alaska State Defense Force

The Alaska State Defense Force (ASDF) is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Alaska and Executive Order. The State Defense Force (SDF) is the state's authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Alaska National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. It is separate from the National Guard and reports to the Governor of Alaska as ex officio commander. The SDF is composed of retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state.

Alaska Naval Militia

The Alaska Naval Militia is Alaska's naval equivalent of the Army and Air National Guard. It is composed of members of the Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve members who, like the National Guard, have a dual federal and state obligation; they serve as state military forces unless called into federal service.

Department heads

References

External links
 
 Alaska National Guard website
 Warriors magazine, published for the National Guard
 Bibliography of Alaska Army National Guard History compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

Military
Arizona National Guard

The Arizona National Guard is the National Guard of the American state of Arizona. It consists of the Arizona Army National Guard and the Arizona Air National Guard.

Both components are part of the Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs. The Department of Emergency and Military Affairs (DEMA) consists of the Army and the Air National Guard, the Division of Emergency Management, and the Joint Programs Division. Until 2021, the department was headed by Major General Mick McGuire. The department is currently headed by Major General Kerry L. Muehlenbeck.

The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the United States National Guard with dual federal and state missions. Those missions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President of the United States or United States Congress.

Mission
When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is "To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed."

The governor may call individuals or units of the Arizona National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is "To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law."
 
A state defense force (SDF) is a military entity authorized by both federal statute and executive order. The SDF is a state’s authorized militia and assumes a state's mission of the National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. Currently, Arizona does not have an active state defense force, but state law allows the organization of one if necessary.

References

United States Army National Guard by state
Military in Arizona
National Guard
1863 establishments in Arizona Territory
Sergei Tchepikov

Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov (; born 30 January 1967) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross-country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics, five in biathlon (1988, 1992, 1994, 2002 and 2006) and one in cross-country skiing (1998). His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Tchepikov has two World Cup titles (1989/90, 1990/91). He has had 25 podium finishes, six in first place, thirteen in second, and has come third six times. In the Olympics, Tchepikov has two gold, three silver, and one bronze medals. In the World Championships he has won 14 medals, however only two gold medals.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
6 medals (2 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze)

*Pursuit was added as an event in 2002, with mass start being added in 2006.

World Championships
14 medals (2 gold, 9 silver, 3 bronze)

*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999 and the mixed relay in 2005.

Individual victories
7 victories (3 In, 4 Sp)

*Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

Team podiums

 1 victory
 3 podiums

Politics
In 2016, he was elected to the State Duma running as a United Russia candidate.

Sanctions 
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

References

External links
 
 

1967 births
Living people
People from Imeni Lazo District
Soviet male biathletes
Russian male biathletes
Russian male cross-country skiers
Biathletes at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for the Soviet Union
Olympic biathletes for the Unified Team
Olympic biathletes for Russia
Olympic cross-country skiers for Russia
Medalists at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Biathlon World Championships medalists
United Russia politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
Soviet male cross-country skiers
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
Russian sportsperson-politicians
Seventh convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Hawaii National Guard

The Hawaii National Guard consists of the Hawaii Army National Guard and the Hawaii Air National Guard. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. Those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement under martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. 

The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief (CinC). The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is: "To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed."

When not federalized, the state's governor is the guard's CinC, and may call individuals or units of the Hawaii National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is:
"To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law." The State Defense Force (SDF) is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Hawaii and Executive Order. The SDF is the state's authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Hawaii National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. Hawaii's SDF, the Hawaii Territorial Guard, was activated during World War II to aid in the defense of the territory, but has been inactive since 1947.

Predecessor

Prior to the archipelago being annexed as the Territory of Hawaii in 1898, the Provisional Government of Hawaii had established the National Guard of Hawaii. After annexation, the force entered the U.S. Army National Guard system and became part of the Hawaii Army National Guard.

Hawaii National Guard State Awards 

  Hawaii National Guard 1968 Federal Service
  Hawaii Active Duty Basic Training
  Hawaii National Guard Commendation Medal
  Hawaii National Guard Distinguished Service Order
  Hawaii National Guard Medal for Merit
  Hawaii National Guard Operation Kokua
  Hawaii Recruiting Ribbon
  Hawaii National Guard Service Medal
  Hawaii National Guard State Active Duty

Source:

Notable members 
Several former members of Hawaii's delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives served in the Hawaii National Guard, including Mark Takai, Tulsi Gabbard, and Kai Kahele.

References

External links
Bibliography of Hawaii Army National Guard History  compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

National Guard (United States)
Military in Hawaii
USS Brown

USS Brown may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 , a minesweeping tugboat acquired in 1917 and sunk in 1920
 , a  in service from 1943 to 1962

United States Navy ship names
Monte Carlo molecular modeling

Monte Carlo molecular modelling is the application of Monte Carlo methods to molecular problems. These problems can also be modelled by the molecular dynamics method. The difference is that this approach relies on equilibrium statistical mechanics rather than molecular dynamics. Instead of trying to reproduce the dynamics of a system, it generates states according to appropriate Boltzmann distribution. Thus, it is the application of the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation to molecular systems. It is therefore also a particular subset of the more
general Monte Carlo method in statistical physics.

It employs a Markov chain procedure in order to determine a new state for a system from a previous one. According to its stochastic nature, this new state is accepted at random. Each trial usually counts as
a move. The avoidance of dynamics restricts the method to studies of static quantities only, but the freedom to choose moves makes the method very flexible. These moves must only satisfy a basic condition of
balance in order for the equilibrium to be properly described, but detailed balance, a stronger condition,
is usually imposed when designing new algorithms. An additional advantage is that some systems, such as the Ising model, lack a dynamical description and are only defined by an energy prescription; for these the Monte Carlo approach is the only one feasible.

The great success of this method in statistical mechanics has led to various generalizations such as the method of simulated annealing for optimization, in which a fictitious temperature is introduced and then gradually lowered.

A range of software packages have been developed specifically for the use of the Metropolis Monte Carlo method on molecular simulations. These include:
 BOSS
 CP2K
 MCPro
 Sire
 ProtoMS
 Faunus

See also
 Quantum Monte Carlo
 Monte Carlo method in statistical physics
 List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modeling
 Software for molecular mechanics modeling
 Bond fluctuation model

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126175020/http://cmm.cit.nih.gov/intro_simulation/node25.html

References

 
 
 

Molecular modelling
Theoretical chemistry
Monte Carlo methods
Stochastic models
Ante Jelavić

Ante Jelavić (born 21 August 1963) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 2nd Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1998 to 2001. He was the youngest person to hold the office of Presidency member and also the youngest Presidency member at the end of his tenure.

Jelavić previously served as the Federal Minister of Defence from 1996 to 1998. He was also president of the Croatian Democratic Union from 1998 to 2002.

Presidency (1998–2001)
At the 1998 general election, Jelavić was elected to the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, having obtained 52.91% of the vote. The Social Democratic Party candidate, Gradimir Gojer, was second with 31.83%. Taking office at the age of 35, he was the youngest person to hold the office of Presidency member.

On 7 March 2001, Jelavić was removed from office by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Wolfgang Petritsch. Petritsch justified his decision by observing that Jelavić had "directly violated the constitutional order of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of Bosnia and Herzegovina"; in particular he cited Jelavić's leading role in the 'Croatian National Assembly' rally in Mostar on 3 March 2001, calling for a separate governing entity for Bosnian Croats.

Investigations and indictments
On 22 January 2004, Jelavić was arrested in his home in Mostar, on charges of corruption. On 4 November 2005, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo found Jelavić guilty of abuse of office, embezzlement of office, and lack of commitment in office. The findings of guilt related, in part, to the use of funds from the Federal Ministry of Defence to purchase shares in banking and insurance firms Hercegovačka Banka and Herzegovina Osiguranje. Judge Malcolm Simmons presided, A sentence of ten years imprisonment was subsequently pronounced, although Jelavić was not present at the sentencing hearing  and remained at large.

His attorney, Dragan Barbarić, acting in his client's absence, initiated a successful appeal against the first instance verdict on the grounds that it lacked proper factual description of the offence and as such was in violation of criminal procedural law. On 4 July 2006, with the verdict revoked, the appeal panel, presided over by Judge Nedžad Popovac, called for new proceedings in which evidence presented at the first trial will be re-presented and in which new evidence may also be presented.

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Vrgorac
Croat politicians from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina politicians
Politicians of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Polaqia

Polaqia (frequently misspelled Polaquia) is a group of comic-book creators born in Galicia (a state in the northwest of Spain) who self-publish their own projects besides working for external publishers. Currently it's a legally constituted cultural association.

History
Founded in June 2001 by writer Kike Benlloch and artists Bernal, Jano, David Rubín and Alberto Vázquez, its editorial debut took place in August of the same year with the 48 page anthology "Mmmh!!", a collection of speechless B/W short stories. In 2002, two individual comic-books were published, the intimist "Patricia" by Jano and the ironic "Alter ego" by Alberto Vázquez. Both artists left Polaqia soon. In 2003 Polaqia launched its twice-a-year anthology "Barsowia". "Barsowia" has reached issue number fourteen by August 2009. Only two founding members are still in the organisation, Bernal and David Rubín, after Kike Benlloch's departure in 2009.

Other artists featured under the seal are Emma Ríos with her 4 issue [sci-fi] miniseries "A prueba de balas" and Álvaro López with three one-shots ("Feliz cumpleaños, May", "A voz na caixa" and "38", the latter co-created with Luís Sendón). Self-published books from Polaqia also include "Corazón de tormentas" by David Rubín and "Tanque Familiar" by Diego Blanco.

Awards
Barsowia won in June 2006 the Readers' Award for Best Fanzine in Spain, 2005, at the Barcelona Convention, Spain's main comic-related event. At the same festival Barsowia won in April 2007 the Official Award for Best Fanzine in Spain, 2006. This award is voted by professionals and critics alike and the highest honor a fanzine can achieve in Spain. The third award to the group was given by the Youth House of Ourense: The Premio Ourense de BD is the main regional award, it acknowledges annually the best comic-related work in Galicia.

Current lines of work
Besides the ongoing Barsowia and self-conclusive comic-books, Polaqia publishes a series of mini art-books ("Polaqia Sketchbook", #1 by Miguel Robledo) and a collection of graphic novels in Spanish ("Rompehielos", the first title is 76-page "Pinche Mundo" by Kike Benlloch and Diego Blanco).

Languages
Polaqia has published books both in Spanish and Galician language, as well as short stories in Portuguese.

Members
As of December 2009 the current Polaqia members (11) are Hugo Covelo, Roque Romero, Brais Rodríguez, Diego Blanco, David Rubín, Sergio Covelo, Bernal Prieto, Álvaro López, Emma Ríos, Luís Sendón, Jose Domingo. Meanwhile, the anthology "Barsowia" has had uncountable contributors including Michael Bonfiglio (USA), Bouss (France), Louis Bertrand Devaud (France), Ken Niimura (Spain), Esteban Hernández (Spain), Susa Monteiro (Portugal), Paulo Monteiro (Portugal).

Coordinators
Kike Benlloch 2001-2006
Hugo Covelo 2006-2008
David Rubín 2008-2009

References
 Polaqia
 Pinche Mundo
 Graphic novels by Polaqia members for external publishers
 Polaqia photo galleries
 Polaqia members' personal web sites

Organizations established in 2001
Comics groups and collectives
Spanish comics
Chief Tahachee

Chief Tahachee (born Jeff Davis "Tahchee" Cypert, March 4, 1904 – June 9, 1978) was a writer, a stage actor, a film extra, and a vaudeville performer. He claimed to be a descendant of the Old Settler Cherokees.

Chief Tahachee wrote four books: Poems of Dreams (1942), Drifting Sands (1950), An American Indian Climb Toward Truth & Wisdom (1955), and The Rough and Rowdy Ways of an American Indian Cowboy (1957). Poems of Dreams was his most popular and he renewed the copyright on it October 1972.

Chief Tahachee was an actor, stuntman and film extra in many Hollywood films produced from the 1920s to the 1960s, including westerns, film noir, drama, and historical sagas. His first film appearance was in a silent film, The Last of the Mohicans, in 1920 at the age of 16.

Tahachee was married to poet and Hollywood film extra Dorothy Lear Evelyn Teters Cypert "Nawana" Yarbrough, who also went by "Princess Neowana." After their divorce married six more times, he fathered ten children. He died June 9, 1978, in San Gabriel, California of a heart attack.

References

External links

American male actors
American writers
1904 births
1978 deaths
People from Crittenden County, Arkansas
Male actors from Arkansas
Vaudeville performers
American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
Source Direct

Source Direct is an English drum and bass act from St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Source Direct have released an EP, Controlled Developments (1997), an album, Exorcise the Demons (1999), as well as numerous singles, under both the Source Direct name and a number of aliases.

Originally Source Direct consisted of James Baker and Phil Aslett, later becoming a solo project of Baker's in 1999.

History
Originally the act consisted of two childhood friends, James Baker and Phil Aslett. Due to differences between the pair however, it became entirely a solo project of Baker's in 1999, after the release of Exorcise the Demons.

Source Direct's music uses complex and irregular breakbeats, snappy and precise hi-hats, dark atmospheric sampling and abstract song structures.

Source Direct have released music on a variety of record labels: Metalheadz, Science (Virgin Records), Good Looking Records, Astralwerks, Basement, Certificate 18, Odysee, Street Beats and the self-owned Source Direct Recordings. They have released singles under the names Intensity, Sounds of Life, Oblivion, Mirage, X-Files and Hokusai.

Despite not being featured on the officially released soundtrack, Source Direct gained recognition for the track "Call & Response" which was used in the horror movie Blade. The track, originally a single, was later included on their EP Controlled Developments, and on their album Exorcise the Demons. Source Direct contributed the track "2097" to the CD soundtrack of the PlayStation game Wipeout 2097, released in 1996.

Fact included Exorcise the Demons in its "The 100 Best Albums of the 1990s".

Discography

Albums and EPs
 Controlled Developments (1997, Astralwerks) – 6-track EP
 Exorcise the Demons (1999, Virgin Records)

Singles
 "Future London/Shimmer" (1994, Odysee)
 "A Made Up Sound/The Cult" (1995, Metalheadz)
 "Approach & Identify/Modem" (1995, Source Direct)
 "Different Groove/Stars" (1995, Odysee)
 "Fabric of Space/Bliss" (1995, Source Direct)
 "Snake Style/Exit 9" (1995, Source Direct)
 "Black Rose/12 Til 4" (1996, Source Direct)
 "Stonekiller/Web of Sin" (1996, Metalheadz)
 "The Crane/Artificial Barriers" (1996, Source Direct)
 "Call & Response/Computer State" (1997, Virgin)
 "Capital D/Enemy Lines" (1997, Virgin)
 "Two Masks/Black Domina" (1997, Virgin)
 "Concealed Identity" (1998, Virgin)
 "Mind Weaver" (1998, Virgin)
 "Technical Warfare" (1998, Virgin)
 "Snowblind/The Place" (2001, Demonic)
 "Sub One/Escape From Cairo" (2001, Demonic)
 "Yo Bitch!/Pimp Star" (2001, Demonic)

References

External links
 
 
 
 Source Direct AllMusic Discography
 Source Direct at BBC Music

British DJs
Club DJs
Electronic dance music DJs
English drum and bass musicians
Drum and bass musicians
Breakbeat musicians
English electronic musicians
English record producers
Remixers
Living people
People from St Albans
Year of birth missing (living people)
Musical groups from St Albans
Clearing bank

Clearing bank may refer to:

 Clearing (finance), a bank that participates in the system to clear (finalize) financial transactions
Cheque and Credit Clearing Company, United Kingdom
Bruce Thomas (actor)

Bruce Thomas is an American actor. He is well known for being the motion capture actor of Master Chief in Halo 4, Halo 5: Guardians and Halo Infinite as well as portraying Russell Adler in Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War. He first came to prominence for portraying the character of Batman in a series of commercials for General Motors' OnStar service that aired from 2000 to 2002.

Career
He was featured in Legally Blonde, as well as its sequel Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde, as the "UPS guy". He was featured in the 2008 film Babysitter Wanted. He co-starred on the ABC Family original series Kyle XY as Stephen Trager from 2006 to 2009. He starred as JP Gratton in the episode "The He in the She" in the series Bones on October 8, 2008.

Thomas has also been featured in the sitcom Wings as well as on Weeds. He most recently provided the voices of Atrocitus in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, Ezra Loomis in Gears of War: Judgement, Desaad in Justice League: War, and James Gordon in Son of Batman.

He provided motion capture for Spartan John-117, the protagonist of the video game Halo 4 (2012), also doing so for Halo 5: Guardians (2015) and Halo Infinite (2021).

It has been erroneously reported in the past that Thomas played Batman for the pilot and premiere of The WB's Birds of Prey TV series. Thomas personally dispelled this fact during a podcast interview.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

External links
 
 BatPodcast interview with Bruce Thomas

Living people
American male film actors
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alexander Gelfond

Alexander Osipovich Gelfond (; 24 October 1906 – 7 November 1968) was a Soviet mathematician. Gelfond's theorem, also known as the Gelfond-Schneider theorem is named after him.

Biography

Alexander Gelfond was born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, the son of a professional physician and amateur philosopher Osip Gelfond. He entered Moscow State University in 1924, started his postgraduate studies there in 1927, and obtained his Ph.D. in 1930. His advisors were Aleksandr Khinchin and Vyacheslav Stepanov.

In 1930, he stayed for five months in Germany (in Berlin and Göttingen) where he worked with Edmund Landau, Carl Ludwig Siegel , and David Hilbert. In 1931 he started teaching as a Professor at the Moscow State University and worked there until the last day of his life. Since 1933 he also worked at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics.

In 1939, he was elected a Corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union for his works in the field of Cryptography. According to Vladimir Arnold, during World War II Gelfond was the Chief Cryptographer of the Soviet Navy.

Results
Gelfond obtained important results in several mathematical domains including number theory, analytic functions, integral equations , and the history of mathematics, but his most famous result is his eponymous theorem:
If  and  are algebraic numbers (with  and ), and if  is not a real rational number, then any value of  is a transcendental number.

This is the famous 7th Hilbert's problem. Gelfond proved a special case of the theorem in 1929 when he was a postgraduate student and fully proved it in 1934. The same theorem was independently proven by Theodor Schneider, and so the theorem is often known as the Gelfond–Schneider theorem. In 1929 Gelfond proposed an extension of the theorem known as  Gelfond's conjecture that was proven by Alan Baker in 1966.

Before Gelfond's works only a few numbers such as  and  were known to be transcendental. After his works, an infinite number of transcendentals could be easily obtained. Some of them are named in Gelfond's honor:
 is known as the Gelfond–Schneider constant
 is known as Gelfond's constant.

Notes

References

External links

1906 births
1968 deaths
Mathematicians from Saint Petersburg
People from Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd
Russian Jews
Soviet mathematicians
Number theorists
Russian cryptographers
Moscow State University alumni
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian scientists
Mark Brayshaw

Mark Andrew Brayshaw (born 5 February 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne Football Club in the AFL. He is the brother of James Brayshaw and the son of Ian Brayshaw. His sons Angus, Andrew and Hamish are each on an AFL lists.

Playing career

Claremont Football Club 
Brayshaw began and ended his career with Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League.  In a career that began in 1984 and ended in 1994, Brayshaw played 110 games for the club and kicked 70 goals. He was drafted by North Melbourne Football Club in the 1989 VFL draft. Brayshaw returned to Claremont in 1994, playing 20 WAFL matches.

North Melbourne Football Club 
In the 1989 VFL Draft, Mark was selected as first round selection (pick number 6 overall) by North Melbourne Football Club. Mark would go onto play 32 games for the club and kick two goals for the club before being delisted by the club at the end of 1992.

Post-football career
Brayshaw was the Chief Executive Officer of the Richmond Football Club from 2000 until 2004. He had previously worked in marketing roles for AFL clubs Port Adelaide and Fremantle. Mark is currently a board member of North Melbourne Football Club, alongside his brother James.

Mark is the former CEO of the AFL Coaches Association. The AFL coaches association is a representative body for AFL coaches, from junior level right up to the elite level.

His focus was on supporting the work of AFL coaches from all levels of football. 

Post AFL involvement he has started a company specializing in medicinal cannabis and has some high profile ex AFL clients who have reduced or eliminated pain with the medically prescribed product.

Family 
Mark is married to Deborah and has three sons playing in the AFL. Angus was drafted in 2014 by the Melbourne Football Club, and in 2017, Andrew was drafted by Fremantle and Hamish was drafted by West Coast.

In an accident on 20 September 2006, his 36-year-old sister Sally was killed instantly after the facade of her garage collapsed on top of her.

References

1966 births
Living people
North Melbourne Football Club players
Richmond Football Club administrators
Claremont Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Madara (manga)

is a Japanese manga series written by Eiji Ōtsuka and illustrated by Shou Tajima. Originally published from 1987 to 1994, it is set in a mythological era in Japan and tells the story of Madara, a goodhearted teenage boy who uses fantastic prosthetic limbs called "gimmicks" and a legendary sword to fight his own father, the evil overlord Miroku. The franchise has also spawned video games and a two-part OVA.

Media

Anime
A two-episode OVA directed by Yuji Moriyama was released in 1991.

Video games
The Famicom video game Mōryō Senki MADARA was a Konami 1990 release that was never localized. It was large for its time at 4 megabits, and used the "VRC6" sound enhancement mapper chip that was also used in Akumajō Densetsu, the Japanese version of Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse. It differed from the Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest RPGs of the time in that it had movement around battlefields rather than stationary turn-by-turn movements. An orchestrated soundtrack was released by Konami's KuKeiHa CLUB on April 21, 1990.

A sequel to the Famicom Madara, Mōryō Senki MADARA 2, was released for the Super Famicom in 1993. It was released on a 12-megabit cartridge.

Also in 1993, the PC-98 title Mōryō Senki Madara: Daikongō Rinhen was developed and published by Kogado Studio.

Finally, the spin-off RPG game Madara Saga: Yōchien Senki Madara was released for the Super Famicom by Datam Polystar in 1996. It is a comedic adaptation that portrays the heroes as kindergarteners.

Volumes

Mōryō Senki MADARA

Original release
<onlyinclude>

1993 - 1994 Re-Release
Released as 
<onlyinclude>

1996 Re-Release
<onlyinclude>

Mōryō Senki MADARA: BASARA
Originally serialized as

Original Release
<onlyinclude>

1997 Re-Release
<onlyinclude>

Mōryō Senki MADARA: LASA

Original Release
<onlyinclude>

1996 - 1997 Re-Release
<onlyinclude>

MADARA: Tensei-Hen
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1997 Re-Release
<onlyinclude>

Notes

References

External links
 CMX summary page
 
 Review of MADARA for Famicom (French)

1987 manga
1991 anime OVAs
CMX (comics) titles
Shōnen manga
Studio Fantasia

fr:Madara
Hard Nova

Hard Nova is a role-playing video game developed by  Malibu Interactive and published by Electronic Arts in 1990 for DOS, Amiga and Atari ST. It is a follow-up to Sentinel Worlds I: Future Magic.

Gameplay

Hard Nova has a character creation element that allows players to choose their gender, and, unlike Sentinel Worlds I, lead a group of mercenaries.

Plot

Reception
The game received 5 out of 5 stars in Dragon. Scorpia of Computer Gaming World opined in 1991 that Hard Nova greatly improved on Sentinel Worlds, and concluded that it "is a pretty decent game, with some interesting touches and a good storyline. While not a long-term epic, it should keep you occupied for awhile". Ken St. Andre wrote in the same issue of CGW that "it is a very good real-time shoot-'em-up game", but that the combat became boring and amoral and the game offered little exploration. In 1993, Scorpia said that Hard Nova was "definitely worth your attention if you like space games".

Reviews
 ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1990)
 Australian Commodore and Amiga Review (Feb, 1992)
 Amiga Action (Dec, 1991)
 ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1991)
 Info (Jan, 1992)
 Atari ST User (Dec, 1991)
 Joker Verlag präsentiert: Sonderheft (1992)
 Amiga Joker (Nov, 1991)
 ST Format (Jan, 1992)
 CU Amiga (Dec, 1991)
 Amiga Format (Nov, 1991)

References

External links
 

1990 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Electronic Arts games
Malibu Interactive games
Role-playing video games
Science fiction video games
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games developed in the United States
Tooth and Claw

Tooth and Claw is a phrase from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem In Memoriam A.H.H.  It could refer to:
 Tooth and Claw (Doctor Who), a television episode
 Tooth and Claw (short story collection), by T.C. Boyle
 Tooth and Claw (novel), by Jo Walton
 "Tooth and Claw", a song by Animals as Leaders off the album The Joy of Motion
Pied harrier

The pied harrier (Circus melanoleucos) is an Asian species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is migratory, breeding from the Amur valley in eastern Russia and north-eastern China to North Korea. Wintering individuals can be found in a wide area from Pakistan to Philippines. The population consists of approximately 10,000 individuals and the number is thought to be in moderate decline.

This medium-sized harrier (length 45 cm/18in, wing span 115 cm/46in) nests in steppes and associated wetlands. Wintering individuals are often seen hunting above rice paddies and marshes.

Gallery

References

pied harrier
Birds of prey of Asia
Birds of Manchuria
Birds of Mongolia
pied harrier
Taxa named by Thomas Pennant
Pavel Pereleshin

Pavel Alexandrovich Pereleshin (, 27 June 1821 – 28 February 1901) was a Russian admiral and general.

After graduating from the Saint Petersburg Naval Corps in 1834, Pavel Pereleshin served as midshipman in the Baltic Fleet on frigate Neva, and was promoted to the rank of warrant officer in the Black Sea Fleet in 1837. In 1839, he participated in the landing operation near Su-bashi (in modern Sochi), Caucasus, and was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 4th grade for courage.

In 1840 Pereleshin mapped the coastline on board the schooner Zabiyaka. He participated in the Crimean War and was awarded an Order of St.Vladimir for the Battle of Sinop in 1853 on board the battleship Paris. During the Siege of Sevastopol (1854), he was in charge of the 5th section of the Russian defense line. He was wounded twice, on 28 March and on 26 May 1855. He was awarded with two Orders of St. George, of the 4th and 3rd grades, for heroism during the attack of 6 June 1855.

In 1856-1857, he was captain of the battleships Ne tron' menya and Vladimir.  Since 1860 Pereleshin served at the Naval Corps due to health problems. In 1861, he was appointed chief of the Baku maritime station and captain of the Baku seaport. In 1863, he was promoted to the rank of the rear-admiral. In 1864-1866 Pereleshin was Governor of Taganrog and the chief administrator (главный попечитель) of the merchant vessels' navigation in the Azov Sea, and since December 1873 - Governor of Sevastopol, where he started the reconstruction of the city after Crimean War.

In 1881 Pereleshin was promoted to the rank of vice-admiral and was appointed director of the Inspection Dept. at the Ministry of the Navy, in 1883 -  member of The Admiralty Council.

Pavel Alexandrovich Pereleshin was promoted to the rank of admiral on 21 April 1891. The Russian admiral was decorated with all imperial Russian decorations and orders to the Order of St. Vladimir of the first degree inclusive, and in 1896 he was awarded with a memorable ring with the portrait of HM Alexander III of Russia.

Pereleshin died in Saint Petersburg on 28 February 1901, and was buried on 7 March 1901 in Sevastopol's Temple of St. Vladimir.

Honours and awards
 Order of St. Anna, 4th class (1939)
 Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class (1853)
 Order of St. Anna, 2nd class (1854)
 Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (1855)
 Order of St. George, 4th class (1855)
 Order of St. George, 3rd class (1856)
 Gold Sword for Bravery (1856)
 Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st class (1866)
 Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class (1893)
 Order of St. Andrew the Apostle (1898)

External links and references
 

Imperial Russian Navy admirals
Russian military personnel of the Crimean War
Governors of Taganrog
1821 births
1901 deaths
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
Large cuckooshrike

The large cuckooshrike (Coracina macei) is a species of cuckooshrike found in the Indian Subcontinent and depending on the taxonomic treatment used, Southeast Asia. The species has had a long and varied taxonomic treatment, being closely related to forms across Southeast Asia, with some authors using the name Indian cuckooshrike (which then refers only to the species that includes the forms C. m. macei of peninsular India and C. m. layardi of Sri Lanka). The species and subspecies classifications vary widely across sources and are yet to be resolved unambiguously.

Description 

Adult males have a broad and well-marked eye stripe which is pale in females. The throat and breast are grey in males and the abdomen and flanks are finely barred. Females have the throat and breast also with barring which extends further down and lacks the prominent whitish vent of the male. They are mostly insectivorous but also feed on figs and forest fruits and usually fly in small groups with a bounding flight just above the forest canopy. The Indian population has a loud call klu-eep and the birds have a characteristic habit of flicking their closed wings one after the other upon landing on a perch. The same wing movements are also used during courtship.

Taxonomy and systematics 

Several subspecies are recognized but there is considerable confusion and the taxonomy of the group is not fully resolved. The IOC classification considers the following subspecies within the species macei:
 C. m. nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) of the Himalayas (some authors treat this as a subspecies of C. javensis)
 C. m. macei (Lesson, R, 1831) of peninsular India
 C. m. layardi (Blyth, 1866) of Sri Lanka		
 C. m. andamana (Neumann, 1915) of the Andaman Islands	
 C. m. rexpineti (Swinhoe, 1863) of southeastern China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam		
 C. m. larvivora (Hartert, 1910) of Hainan (off China)		
 C. m. siamensis (Baker, ECS, 1918) of Myanmar and southern China to southern Indochina		
 C. m. larutensis (Sharpe, 1887) of the Malay Peninsula (some authors treat this as a subspecies of C. javensis or as a separate species)
The species was for sometime lumped, treated as a subspecies of Coracina  novaehollandiae within the caledonica superspecies.

Breeding 
The species breeds in the dry months of winter. The nest is a shallow saucer placed in the fork of a horizontal branch at some height above the ground. The saucer is made of twigs and grass decorated on the outside with cobwebs and with little lining. The typical clutch is three eggs in peninsular India and two around Bengal.

References

large cuckooshrike
Birds of China
Birds of South Asia
Birds of Southeast Asia
large cuckooshrike
Taxa named by René Lesson
Black-winged cuckooshrike

The black-winged cuckooshrike (Lalage melaschistos), also known as lesser grey cuckooshrike or dark grey cuckooshrike, is a species of cuckooshrike found in South to Southeast Asia. Despite the name, they (cuckooshrikes) are unrelated to either shrikes or cuckoos. They have broad based bills with grey upper parts, black wings, white vent, graduated white-tipped tails, black bills and legs. Females are overall lighter in all taxa.

Distribution
They breed in summer in mountains from 300–2450 meters and migrate altitudinally or south in winter. It is distributed from Northeast Pakistan through the lower Himalayan region (Uttarakhand, Nepal, Arunachal Pradesh and into the hills of NE Myanmar continuing to China and Southeast Asia.  It winters in the foothills, occasionally longer distances south west to northern parts of peninsular India and east to Orissa, Bengal and Bangladesh, but may travel as far south as Kerala).

Habitat: Breeds in deciduous and broad-leaved evergreen forest but winters in open forest, groves, singly or in pairs. They are also known to join mixed feeding parties. Their diet consists mainly of caterpillars, beetles and other bugs.

Description

A medium-sized, dark cuckoo-shrike with unbarred, grey underparts.
Male: dark grey above; contrasting black wings and tail. Wide white feather tips on underside of tail.
Female: Palers with faint barring on underside
Call: Loud twit twit to we, descending in scale.
Diet: mainly invertebrates.
Nests in tree.

References

black-winged cuckooshrike
Birds of China
Birds of the Himalayas
Birds of Southeast Asia
black-winged cuckooshrike
Taxa named by Brian Houghton Hodgson
Black-headed cuckooshrike

The black-headed cuckooshrike (Lalage melanoptera) is a species of cuckooshrike found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

Gallery

References

black-headed cuckooshrike
Birds of South Asia
black-headed cuckooshrike
Dowson

Dowson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Real people
 Anne Lagacé Dowson, Canadian broadcaster and politician
 David Dowson (born 1988), English footballer
 Duncan Dowson (1928–2020), British engineer and professor emeritus at University of Leeds
 Edward Dowson (cricketer, born 1838) (1838–1922), English cricketer
 Edward Dowson (cricketer, born 1880) (1880–1933), English cricketer
 Ernest Dowson (1867–1900), British poet
 James "Jim" Dowson (born 1964), British far-right political activist
 John Dowson (1820–1881), historian of India
 Murray Dowson (1915–?), Canadian Trotskyist
 Phil Dowson (born 1981), English rugby player
 Philip Dowson (1924–2014), British architect
 Ross Dowson (1918–2002), Canadian Trotskyist

Fictional characters
 Kenny Dowson (肯尼道森), a character in the Taiwanese television series  (八尺門的辯護人).

See also 
 Dawson (disambiguation)

English-language surnames