alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Scharwoude, Koggenland

Scharwoude is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Koggenland, and lies about 5 km southwest of Hoorn.

The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Scaderwoude. The etymology is unclear. Scharwoude often experienced floods due to its proximity to the former Zuiderzee. It was flooded in 1375. The current shape of the dike and the village date from 1854. The former church dates from 1892. It was decommissioned in 1986, and is now a residential home.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Koggenland
Sri Lanka Standard Time

Indian Standard Time (IST) (, ) is the time zone for Sri Lanka. It is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT/UTC (UTC+05:30) as observed since 15 April 2006.

Sri Lanka does not currently observe daylight saving time,

History 
On 15 April 2006, Sri Lanka Time reverted to match Indian Standard Time calculated from the Allahabad Observatory in India 82.5 ° longitude East of Greenwich, the reference point for GMT. This time zone applies to the entirety of Sri Lanka.

Since 1880, the time zone in Sri Lanka (or formerly, Ceylon) has varied from UTC+05:30 to UTC+06:30.

 In 1880, Ceylon observed UTC+05:30. 
 During World War II, in January 1942, when the Japanese were on the verge of invading Ceylon, the official time shifted to UTC+06:00. 
 In September 1942, the official time further advanced to UTC+06:30.
 When the war ended in 1945, Ceylon reverted to UTC+05:30 to be in the same time zone as India. However, in May 1996, Sri Lanka switched to UTC+06:30  in Sri Lanka. 
 In October 1996, official time was moved back by half an hour to UTC+06:00. However, Tamil Tiger-controlled areas observed a time zone of UTC+05:30.
 On April 15. 2006, the government changed the official time to UTC+05:30. By doing so, Sri Lanka aimed to align its time zone with that of India. English writer Sir Arthur C. Clarke, who was then staying in Sri Lanka, protested against the switch, arguing that it would make life inconvenient to everyone who has to relate to the rest of the world.

Sri Lanka briefly observed daylight saving time during World War II.

See also
Indian Standard Time
Time in Sri Lanka

References

Time zones
Geography of Sri Lanka
Grosthuizen

Grosthuizen is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Koggenland, and lies about 7 km southwest of Hoorn.

The village was first mentioned in the 12th century 1420 Asthusa, and means "big (eastern) settlement". Grost (big) was added to distinguish from Oosthuizen. Later Ast (east) was dropped from the name. Grosthuizen developed as a peat excavation settlement in the 13th century. In 1874, a church was built, but demolished in 1965. Only a belfry remains. 

Grosthuizen was home to 307 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1854, when it was merged with Avenhorn. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Koggenland.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
Koggenland
Oudendijk, North Holland

Oudendijk is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Koggenland, and lies about  southwest of Hoorn.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1423 or 1424 as "binnen den Ban van Oudendyc", and means "old dike". Oudendijk developed along the dike in the 12th century. During the 13th century, the peat around to the north was excavated.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church with ridge turret which was built in 1649 to replace a 15th century church.

Oudendijk was home to 346 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1979, when the new municipality of Wester-Koggenland was created. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Koggenland.

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References

Former municipalities of North Holland
Populated places in North Holland
Koggenland
Oudendijk

Oudendijk can refer to several villages in the Netherlands: 

 Oudendijk, Korendijk, in the municipality of Hoeksche Waard, South Holland
 Oudendijk, Strijen, in the municipality of Hoeksche Waard, South Holland
 Oudendijk, North Holland, in the municipality of Koggenland
 Oudendijk, North Brabant, in the municipality of Altena, North Brabant
Toss Woollaston

Sir Mountford Tosswill "Toss" Woollaston (11 April 1910 – 30 August 1998) was a New Zealand artist. He is regarded as one of the most important New Zealand painters of the 20th century.

Life
Born in Toko, Taranaki in 1910, Woollaston attended primary school at Stratford, and Stratford Technical High School. He studied art at the Canterbury School of Art in Christchurch. One of his teachers at the Canterbury School of Art was Margaret Stoddart. He became interested in modernism after moving to Dunedin to study with R N Field.

In 1934 he settled at Mapua, near Nelson, and married Edith Alexander two years later. They became part of a circle of local artists and writers which included Colin McCahon, Charles Brasch and Ron O'Reilly. After World War II the Woollastons moved to Greymouth, and the landscape of the West Coast became a major feature in his art.

It was only from the 1960s that Woollaston was able to paint full-time; previously he had taken numerous part-time jobs to support himself and his family. As well as painting, Woollaston wrote, poetry in particular having been a lifelong passion. His books included The Far-away Hills in 1960, and Sage Tea (his autobiography) in 1980. In The Far-away Hills, Woollaston acknowledges the influence of artist Flora Scales, who allowed him to study her notes from training by Hans Hoffman.

Woollaston was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1979 Queen's Birthday Honours, becoming the first New Zealander to be knighted for services to art (Peter Siddell being the second).

His youngest son Philip Woollaston was the (Labour) Member of Parliament for Nelson from 1981 to 1990.

Death
Woollaston died in Upper Moutere on 30 August 1998 at the age of 88.

References

External links
 Works at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
 Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki: Works by M T Woollaston
 Toss Woollaston, Landscape With Fire (1960), Adam Art Gallery, Victoria University of Wellington

1910 births
1998 deaths
People from Taranaki
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
20th-century New Zealand painters
People educated at Stratford High School, New Zealand
Otago Polytechnic alumni
People associated with The Group (New Zealand art)
Tuitjenhorn

Tuitjenhorn (West Frisian: Tutinghorn) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen. Tuitjenhorn was the main village of the former Harenkarspel municipality. Tuitjenhorn lies about 9 km northwest of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned between 1280 and 1287 as "van tutinghehorne". The etymology is unclear. Tuitjenhorn is a dike village. The Catholic St Jacobus de Meerdere Church is a basilica-like church built between 1857 and 1859 and has been built around a tower from 1810.

Famous Tuitjenhorners
Gerard Kuiper, Dutch/American astronomer
Daniella van Graas, Dutch fashion model and actress
Celeste Plak, Dutch volleyball player
Femke Meines, Dutch singer

Gallery

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Kerkbuurt, Schagen

Kerkbuurt (West Frisian: Tjerkebuur) is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 9 km northwest of Heerhugowaard.

References
 

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Robert Abbot

Robert Abbott or Abbot may refer to:

Robert Abbot (bishop) (1560–1617), Bishop of Salisbury
Robert Abbot (theologian) (1588?–1662?), English Puritan theologian
Robert Abbott, Baronet Hadfield (1858–1940), English metallurgist
Robert Abbott (bishop) (1869–1927), Bishop of Sherborne
Robert Abbott (New South Wales politician) (1830–1901), Irish-born politician in New South Wales
Robert Abbott (Michigan politician) (1770–1852), Michigan politician
Robert Sengstacke Abbott (1870–1940), African-American lawyer and publisher
Robert S. Abbott House, former home of Robert Sengstacke Abbot
R. Tucker Abbott (1919–1995), American conchologist and malacologist
Robert Abbott (game designer) (1933–2018), American game designer
Robert Abbott (director) (born 1964), American film director and TV producer
Robert Abbott (fl. 1930s–1960s), a founder of Abbott and Holder
Robert Abbot (politician), 15th-century English politician
Bob Abbott (1932–2010), Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
Waarland

Waarland (West Frisian: ´t Waarland) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 6 km north of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned in 1665 as "De Waedt Polder", and originally meant "polder enclosed by waterways". The polder mill Waarland was built around 1532. It was in service until 1949 when a pumping station was installed. The windmill was restored in 2017.

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Kalverdijk

Kalverdijk (West Frisian: Kalveredìk) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 8 km north of Heerhugowaard.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1575 as Caluerdyck, and is a combination of dike and calf. Kalverdijk has place name signs. It is considered part of Tuitjenhorn, and consists of about 105 houses and 70 holiday homes.

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Sint Maarten, North Holland

Sint Maarten (West Frisian: Simmer) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 15 km north of Alkmaar.

The village was first mentioned in 1289 as Niwelant. The current name is a reference to Martin of Tours. Sint Maarten developed in the 13th century along the West-Frisian sea dike. A church was built in 1462, but was destroyed in 1799. In 1875, a new church was built and demolished in 1960.

Sint Maarten was home to 246 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Harenkarspel. Harenkarspel merged with Schagen in 2013.

References

External links

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
SuperPaint

SuperPaint was a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup at Xerox PARC. The system was first conceptualized in late 1972 and produced its first stable image in April 1973.  SuperPaint was among the earliest uses of computer technology for creative artworks, video editing, and computer animation, all of which would become major areas within the entertainment industry and major components of industrial design.

SuperPaint had the ability to capture images from standard video input or combine them with preexisting digital data. SuperPaint was also the first program to use now-ubiquitous features in common computer graphics programs such as changing hue, saturation and value of graphical data, choosing from a preset color palette, custom polygons and lines, virtual paintbrushes and pencils, and auto-filling of images. SuperPaint was also one of the first graphics programs to use a graphical user interface and was one of the earliest to feature anti-aliasing.

SuperPaint was used in the mid-1970s to make custom television graphics for KQED-TV in San Francisco, and later to make technical graphics and animations for the NASA Pioneer Venus project mission in 1978. Due to differences with management at PARC, Shoup left Xerox in 1979 to found graphics company Aurora Systems, while colleague Alvy Ray Smith went to work at New York Institute of Technology. In 1980, Smith and others joined Industrial Light & Magic, George Lucas's movie special effects firm, and this group later founded Pixar. Shoup won an Emmy Award in 1983, and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award shared with Smith and Thomas Porter in 1998, for his development of SuperPaint.

Hardware
The SuperPaint system was a custom computer system built around a Data General Nova 800 minicomputer CPU and a hand-wired shift register framebuffer. This system had 311,040 bytes of memory and was capable of storing 640 by 480 pixels of data with 8 bits of color depth. The memory was scattered across 16 circuit boards, each loaded with multiple 2-kilobit shift register chips. While workable, this design required that the total framebuffer be implemented as a 307,200 byte shift register that shifted in synchronization with the television output signal. The primary drawback to this scheme was that memory was not random access. Rather, a given position could be accessed only when the desired scan-line and pixel time rolled around. This gave the system a maximum latency of 33 ms for writing to the framebuffer.

Also included in the SuperPaint configuration was an 8-bit video digitizer, and direct conversion to standard NTSC video.

The system is now in the permanent collection of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.

References

See also
 Line Drawing System-1

External links
Richard Shoup personal website - The SuperPaint System (1973-1979) 
Lowendmac.com - The Pixar Story: Dick Shoup, Alex Schure, George Lucas, Steve Jobs, and Disney
Annals of the History of Computing - SuperPaint: An Early Frame Buffer Graphics System 

1973 software
Raster graphics editors
Discontinued software
Stroet

Stroet is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 11 km north of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned in 1343 as Stroeden, and means "soggy area with shrubbery". Stroet used to have a wind mill, but it was demolished in the early 20th century.

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Valkkoog

Valkkoog (West Frisian: Falkekoeghe) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 12 km north of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned in 1318 as Valkencoech, and means "(settlement on) land near water of the Valke (person)". Valkkoog was constructed on four terps (artificial hills) which date from around 1170. The monks of Egmond Abbey have later built a dike around the village. The church dates from the early 16th century, and is nowadays used for cultural activities. The church was rebuilt in 1839, and the tower was replaced in 1865. During World War II, more than 40 bunkers were built near the village by the Germans of which six still remain.

Gallery

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Eenigenburg

Eenigenburg (; West Frisian: Einigeborgt) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 10 km northwest of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned in 1289 as Eimhborch, and means "lonely/abandoned castle" which is a reference to Nieuwendoorn Castle built by Floris V, Count of Holland in 1282 during his war against West-Frisia. The castle was probably destroyed by a flood in the 14th century. There are multiple terps (artificial living hills) around Eenigenburg. The village itself is built on four terps.

The Dutch Reformed church dates 1792 and is on its own terp from the 14th century together with the clergy house. The church is no longer in service, and is used for cultural activities and concerts.

Gallery

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
't Rijpje

t Rijpje or Rijpje or  is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen.

't Rijpje is considered part of Eenigenburg. It has place name signs.

References

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
HSC Condor Voyager

HSC Condor Voyager is a high-speed catamaran ferry, owned by Brittany Ferries and chartered to Condor Ferries. Since being built in 2000, the vessel has borne the names Incat Tasmania, The Lynx and Normandie Express. She is designed to travel at speeds of up to 46-and-a-half knots, giving a journey time between Portsmouth and the Normandy ports of three hours per crossing.

History
Brittany Ferries purchased the Normandie Express from Incat in 2007, having been on charter from them since 2005.  She was built as Incat Tasmania at the Incat yards in Tasmania, Australia.  Her first use was on charter to the Australian Trade Commission as a floating conference centre during the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Later that year, she was chartered to Tranz Rail for its Interislander service between Picton and Wellington.  She was renamed The Lynx for this service and remained on the route until 2003 when she was returned to Incat.

Brittany Ferries
In September 2004, P&O Ferries announced it was to withdraw their services from Portsmouth to France, Brittany Ferries later announced it would run a fastcraft service between Portsmouth and Cherbourg/Caen (Ouistreham) as a replacement and The Lynx was chartered.  In January 2005, she was renamed Normandie Express and sailed for France, stopping off in Indonesia to drop off supplies and equipment for the tsunami relief effort.

Also on board for the trip to Europe was the French yacht Sill et Veolia which was being returned to France after being damaged whilst on the Vendée Globe round-the-world yacht race.  After calling in at Roscoff to drop off the yacht and being shown off to Brittany Ferries management, she undertook berthing trials in Portsmouth, Cherbourg and Ouistreham before starting service in March 2005.

For her first year in service with Brittany Ferries, Normandie Express had a bridge and engine room crew supplied by Northern Marine and was registered in Nassau but protests from French trade unions meant that from 2006 she would fly the French flag and be registered in Caen with a full French crew. A further trade union dispute took place in 2015.

Condor Ferries

In July 2021, it was announced that the Channel Island-based ferry operator Condor Ferries was to operate Normandie Express under charter agreements from Brittany Ferries. The vessel was renamed to Condor Voyager and replaced  HSC Condor Rapide. The ferry remains under Brittany Ferries's ownership.

Routes
In mid 2012, Brittany Ferries announced that Normandie Express would no longer operate the Portsmouth to Caen Route in 2013. Instead, a brand new route was officially introduced, sailing from Portsmouth to Le Havre from May until September, but only on Thursdays and Fridays.

From 2021, Condor Ferries announced that Condor Voyager would operate the Channel Islands to St Malo service with a further commute to Poole

References

External links
Condor Ferries

Ships built by Incat
Ferries of the United Kingdom
Ferries of France
Cook Strait ferries
Incat high-speed craft
2000 ships
Groenveld

Groenveld is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 11 km north of Heerhugowaard and 2 km south of the town of Schagen.

History
Groenveld was first mentioned in 1478 AD as "Groenvelt". The main street in the village, called "Groenveldsdijk", references to the dike that the village was built upon. The old windmill, called De Groenvelder, dates back to the early 16th century and was built to keep the surrounding land, in Dutch called Polder, dry from flooding and heavy rainfall. The Mill is still in use till present day.

Groenveld is located on the edge of the medieval land in the north-east that surrounds Schagen and the modern land in the southwest, which was created by polders since the early 17th century. In the nearby area, archaeological finds have been dated back till the 12th century and show human domestic activity of over 800 years old. The southwestern part of Groenveld has been marked as a "Territory with high archaeological values" and is protected by law.

Groenveld used to be part of the Sint Maarten administration area. In the 20th century, Groenveld became part of the municipality Harenkarspel. On 1 January 2013, Groenveld became part of the municipality of Schagen.

References
 

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Warmenhuizen

Warmenhuizen (West Frisian: Wermehúze) is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 8 km northwest of Heerhugowaard.
An agricultural community.  The area surrounding the town produces mainly dairy products, cabbage/potatoes, and hot house flowers.  Mainly a Roman Catholic community featuring two churches, an old Protestant one, fallen into disuse, built in 16th century and a more modern Roman Catholic church constructed in the early 20th century.

Warmenhuizen was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Harenkarspel. Harenkarspel merged with Schagen in 2013.

Notable people born in Warmenhuizen 
 Antje Paarlberg (1808-1885)
 Joop Klant (1915-1994)
 Jos Pronk (1983)
 Steven Rooks, cyclist

Gallery

References

Schagen
Former municipalities of North Holland
Populated places in North Holland
Krabbendam

Krabbendam is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 10 km north of Alkmaar.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1413 or 1414 as Crabbendamme. A "krabbendam" is an engineer's term for a structure of poles in front of a dike to break the waves and diminish the impact on the dike. There is no relation with crabs. Almost the entire village was destroyed during the Battle of Krabbendam. Krabbendam was home to 109 people in 1840. The Reformed Church was built in 1846, and is nowadays used for weddings and cultural activities.

Gallery

References

External links

Schagen
Populated places in North Holland
Lake Gardno

Gardno () is a lake in the Słowińskie Lakeland in Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland. It is the part of Słowiński National Park. Its area is . It is 6.8 km long and 4.7 km wide. Maximum depth is 2.6 m.

External links 
https://web.archive.org/web/20070310230732/http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/obuwr/archiwum/9/image/298.jpg
https://web.archive.org/web/20070310230750/http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/obuwr/archiwum/9/image/299.jpg

Lakes of Poland
Lakes of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Ivan Lessa

Ivan Pinheiro Themudo Lessa (May 9, 1935 – June 8, 2012) was a Brazilian journalist and writer of American descent.

Early life
Born in São Paulo, he was the son of the journalist and writer Elsie Lessa and the writer Orígenes Lessa and the father of the British writer Juliana Foster.

Career
Lessa edited and wrote for the newspaper O Pasquim, in which he authored the sections "Gip-Gip-Nheco-Nheco", "Fotonovelas" (Photo-soap-operas) and "Os Diários de Londres" (The London Journals), written in 'partnership' with his heteronym "Edélsio Tavares".

He published three books: Garotos da Fuzarca (Rogue Lads, short stories, 1986), Ivan Vê o Mundo (Ivan Sees the World, 1999) and O Luar e a Rainha (The Moonlight and the Queen, 2005). He also translated Truman Capote's In Cold Blood to Portuguese.

Personal life
For many years Lessa lived in London, where he wrote and broadcast for the Brazilian BBC news website.

Death
Lessa died on June 8, 2012, from pulmonary emphysema in London.

References

1935 births
Brazilian male writers
Brazilian people of American descent
2012 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
Stadsparksvallen

Stadsparksvallen, locally sometimes called Vallen, is a classic sports facility located in Jönköping, Sweden.

Stadsparksvallen was inaugurated in 1902 and is located in the Jönköping City Park, atop a mountain located west of the city. It functions as home ground for soccer club Jönköpings Södra IF IK Tord has also played its home games here during som seasons. Until 1981 it was also used for track and field events. Jönköpings Södra IF has played 10 seasons in the Swedish Allsvenskan in Stadsparksvallen. Sweden women's national football team has played thrice at the venue, first time in 1985 against Belgium.

During the Swedish Sports Confederation's 100th anniversary in 2003, Stadsparksvallen was designated as one of the 100 sports historic places in Sweden.

Facts
 Dimensions: 115 x 71 yards (105 x 65 meters)
 Capacity: 7,300, of which 3,739 are seated under roof
 Record attendance: 18,582, Jönköpings Södra IF vs. Malmö FF, final match during season 1949–50 in Allsvenskan

References

External links

Football venues in Sweden
Jönköpings Södra IF
Sports venues in Jönköping
Sports venues completed in 1902
1902 establishments in Sweden
Rimskaya

Rimskaya () is a Moscow Metro station in the Tagansky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line, between Chkalovskaya and Krestyanskaya Zastava stations.

Rimskaya opened on 28 December 1995 as part of the original stage of the Lyublinsky radius the station was named after the Italian capital Rome, and the architects L.Popov and N.Rostegnyaeva applied the theme accordingly.

The station is a unique and an unusual project where a column-trivault design is applied but with no underplatform spacing and all of the infrastructure sitting on a massive monolithic plate. Located on a depth of 54 metres. The wide square columns are faced with grey marble as are the walls. The ceiling is hinged and is made of aluminium. Black, red, grey and white granite slants are used for the floor. The real decorations come from the Italian sculpturers (G.Imbrighi, A.Quattrocchi and L.Berlin) including a fountain (which currently is non-functioning due to the problems caused by the dampening of air) with typical Roman columns and a child sculpture in the far end of the central hall and four medallions including a she-wolf, Romulus, Remus and a triumphal archway in Rome.

Transfers
The station is a transfer to the Ploshchad Ilicha of the Kalininskaya Line which is carried out by walkways from the sides of the central hall. The station's vestibule is located under Rogozhskaya Zastava square.

External links
 Metro.ru
 MyMetro.ru
 News.metro.ru
 KartaMetro.info — Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)

Notes

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1995
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia
State tax levels in the United States

State tax levels indicate both the tax burden and the services a state can afford to provide residents.

States use a different combination of sales, income, excise taxes, and user fees. Some are levied directly from residents and others are levied indirectly. This table includes the per capita tax collected at the state level.

This table does not necessarily reflect the actual tax burdens borne directly by individual persons or businesses in a state. For example, the direct state tax burden on individuals in Alaska is far lower than the table would indicate. The state has no direct personal income tax and does not collect a sales tax at the state level, although it allows local governments to collect their own sales taxes. Alaska collects most of its revenue from corporate taxes on the oil and gas industry.

This table does not take into consideration the taxing and spending of local governments within states, which can vary widely, and sometimes disproportionately with state tax burdens.

State government tax collections (2015) 

This data is collected by the United States Census Bureau for state governments during fiscal year 2015.  These statistics include tax collections for state governments only; they do not include tax collections from local governments. % represents the proportion of total taxes from that category and not the tax rate.

Notes 

 Includes alcohol, fuel, and tobacco taxes
 Includes both personal and business income
 Only includes taxes collected at the state level
 Includes inheritance, gift, and severance taxes
 As of July 1, 2015

State government tax collections (2012) 

This data is collected by the United States Census Bureau for state governments during fiscal year 2012.  These statistics include tax collections for state governments only; they do not include tax collections from local governments. % represents the proportion of total taxes from that category and not the tax rate.

Notes 

 Includes alcohol, fuel, and tobacco taxes
 Includes both personal and business income
 Only includes taxes collected at the state level
 Includes inheritance, gift, and severance taxes
 As of July 1, 2012

State individual income tax rates and brackets

See also
State taxes:
Sales taxes in the United States
State income tax

Federal:
Income tax in the United States
Federal tax revenue by state
Federal spending and taxation across states

General:
Taxation in the United States

References

External links
State Tax Revenue by Tax Type: 1994 - 2010
Local taxes per capita

State taxation in the United States
Tax incidence
Masuri

Masuri may refer to:

 Masuri, Ghaziabad, a town in Uttar Pradesh, India
 Mussoorie, a hill station in the Indian state of Uttarakhand
 Magic Kid Masuri, a 2002 South Korean television series
 Sona Masuri, a medium-grain rice grown in India

See also
 Matsuri (disambiguation)
Chkalovskaya (Moscow Metro)

Chkalovskaya () is a Moscow Metro station in the Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line, between Sretensky Bulvar and Rimskaya stations.

Chkalovskaya opened on 28 December 1995 as the first stage of the Lyublinskiy radius.

Design
A team of architects designed the station: Nina Alexandrovna Aleshin, Leonid Borzenkov, and Aleksandr Vigdorov. Named after the famous Soviet aviator Valery Chkalov, the decorative theme is dedicated to aviation. The station is modified Pylon trivaulted at a depth of 51 metres. The pylons are revetted with grey and light blue wavy marble whilst the floor is covered with grey red and black granite. The hinged ceiling is covered in semi-circular lighting. The walls are done with combined marble tones.

Exits
An escalator leads from one end of the station's underground vestibule to Zemlyanoi Val street and Kurskiy Rail Terminal. The vestibule also acts as a transfer to Kurskaya-Koltsevaya. The other end of the hall is a direct transfer to Kurskaya-Radialnaya of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line, which opened on 28 March 1996.

External links

 News.metro.ru
  Metro Walks
  Nash Transport
 KartaMetro.info – Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)
 Mymetro.ru
 Mosmetro.ru (platform map)

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1995
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia
Aldabra brush warbler

The Aldabra brush warbler (Nesillas aldabrana) is an extinct bird in the acrocephalid warbler family. It was endemic to the atoll of Aldabra in the Seychelles and an individual was last seen in 1983.

Description
The Aldabra brush warbler was a slender bird with relatively short wings and a long, pointed tail. It reached a total length of . The upper parts were dun and the underparts a rather paler hue. The song was never recorded but the call was a nasal, three-syllable chirrup.

Ecology
The Aldabra brush warbler was a shy and retiring bird, difficult to observe in the dense undergrowth in which it lived. It was most readily located by its chirruping call.

Discovery and extinction
The Aldabra brush warbler was discovered by British ornithologists Constantine Walter Benson, Malcolm Penny and Tony Diamond in 1967 and described in 1968 by Benson and Penny on the basis of a male, a female and a nest with 3 eggs. Juveniles were never found.

After the discovery the brush warbler was not seen until a survey by Robert Prys-Jones of the British Museum of Natural History from 1974 to 1976. At the end of 1975 he found six further birds which were all males. The birds were ringed and photographed. In 1983, only one male was observed and the Aldabra brush warbler was considered as the rarest and (in its occurrence) most restricted bird in the world. It was confined to a 10 ha large coastal strip on the Aldabran island of Malabar. Following intensive surveys, the extinction of this bird was confirmed in 1986. It has been listed as officially extinct by the IUCN since 1994.

The possible reasons for its extinction could be attributed to the presence of rats, cats and goats introduced to the atoll many years previously.

References

 Errol Fuller "Extinct Birds". 2000.  (with a photograph of a living individual)
Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions 2006, .

External links
Some Observations on Nesillas aldabranus

Nesillas
Birds of Seychelles
Bird extinctions since 1500
Birds described in 1968
Endemic fauna of Seychelles
Extinct birds of Indian Ocean islands
Taxa named by Constantine Walter Benson
Parviz Abnar

Parviz Abnar (, born 19 July 1958 in Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian sound recordist.

He graduated from the Academy of Cinema and Television in 1978. Abnar was the sound recordist for the film Rapport in 1986. He started working in television from 1978 as a sound recordist of news, documentary and fiction films and TV series such as Ra'na (1988).

He was awarded the Crystal Simorgh for sound recording from Fajr Film Festival for Across the Fire (1986, Kianoush Ayyari), The Last Act (1990, V. Karim-Masihi) and Nargess (1991, Rakhshan Bani-Etemad).

Partial list of works 
 The Little Bird of Happiness, 1987
 The Girl by the Pond, 1991
 The Wild Duck
 The Need, 1992
 The Satanic Contact
 Eclipse
 A Man and a Bear, 1989
 Zinat, 1993
 Disarmament
 The Blue-Veiled, 1994
 Banichaw
 The Poor Lover,
 Ghazal, 1995
 The Fifth Season
 The Miracle of Laughter, 1996
 The May Lady
 The Day When the Air Stopped
 The Lost Love, 1998
 The Girl in the Sneakers
 Two Women, 1999
 The Sun Girls, 1998
 Hidden Half
 Smell of Camphor, Fragrance of Jasmine, 2000
 Thousands of Women Like Me, 2000
 Shabhaye Roshan, 2003
 Arya, 2004
 Cafe Transit, 2005
 No Men Allowed, 2011

External links

People from Ahvaz
1958 births
Living people
Sound recordists
W. J. A. Davies

William John Abbott "Dave" Davies OBE (21 June 1890 – 26 April 1967) was a Welsh rugby union footballer who played international rugby for England normally positioned at fly-half. He also captained his country.

Career
Davies was born in Pembroke, Wales, and originally played for Pembroke Dock Harlequins. Davies made his international debut on 4 January 1913  at Twickenham in the England vs South Africa match. He was part of the England team that won the Grand Slam in both 1921 and 1923. During his time playing he earned 22 caps, making him England's most capped fly-half until Rob Andrew overtook him. He played half of his matches as captain. During his 22 matches at international level, he was on a losing side only in the first, against South Africa in 1913. He formed a notable international half-back partnership with his Royal Navy team-mate Cecil Kershaw; in their 14 matches together for England they never finished on the losing side.

Personal life
Outside of rugby, Davies served as a naval officer aboard HMS Iron Duke and HMS Queen Elizabeth during World War I, for which he was appointed an OBE in 1919. Davies also was offered the chance to play at Wimbledon, but declined the offer to focus on his rugby. Davies had two children.

References

WJA Davies inducted into RFU Hall of Fame (PDF Format)
1913-1919 Great Sport Stories

1890 births
1967 deaths
England international rugby union players
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Navy officers of World War I
Royal Navy rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from Pembroke
Welsh rugby union players
Łebsko Lake

Łebsko Lake () is a coastal lake in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland. It is the part of Słowiński National Park. However, it was never a part of the Baltic sea. It was formed because of the rise in the sea level and the flooding of the local meadows.

The Łeba River flows through Łebsko Lake just before it reaches the Baltic Sea at the town of Łeba. It is 16.4 km long and 7.6 km wide. Maximum depth is 6.3 m. With an area of 7,142 ha (71.42 km²), it is the largest Pomeranian lake. A  broad spit including the  high Łącka Góra dune separates it from the sea.

Lakes of Poland
Lakes of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Portrait of a Marriage

Portrait of a Marriage: Vita Sackville-West and Harold Nicolson is the 1973 biography of writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West compiled by her son Nigel Nicolson from her journals and letters.

Synopsis
The book relates to Sackville-West's complicated marriage to writer and politician Harold Nicolson. Two chapters are written by Sackville-West. They are centred on herself and her passion for Violet Trefusis for whom she abandoned Harold Nicolson, Vita's bisexual husband and her two children, Nigel and Ben.

Three chapters were written by her son Nigel Nicolson. They present the sexual and emotional life secrets of his mother: "I did not know Violet. I met her only twice, and by then she had become a galleon, no longer the pinnace of her youth, and I did not recognize in her sails the high wind which had swept my mother away […]. I did not know that Vita could love like this, had loved like this, because she would not speak of it to her son. Now that I know everything I love her more, as my father did, because she was tempted, because she was weak. She was a rebel, she was Julian [Vita’s alter ego], and though she did not know it, she fought for more than Violet. She fought for the right to love, men and women, rejecting the conventions that marriage demands exclusive love, and that women should love only men, and men only women. For this she was prepared to give up everything. Yes, she may have been mad, as she later said, but it was a magnificent folly. She may have been cruel, but it was a cruelty on a heroic scale. How can I despise the violence of such passion?"

Sackville-West writes mostly about herself and her emotions. Nicolson writes about his father and the love between him and Vita, that grew more and more important for them as their life progressed, and was the base to which each of them returned after Vita's strong passions for other people, including the famous Virginia Woolf and Harold's adventures with men. Nicolson stresses the liberal nature of Vita's and Harold's views and actions about marriage and sexuality in the early years of the 20th century, but also brings forward Vita's intense snobbery and coldness about the lower social classes.

Film and television adaptations
 1990 mini-series adapted by Penelope Mortimer for the BBC starring Janet McTeer; also broadcast on PBS television in 1991.

References

Further reading

External links
 

British biographies
Bisexual non-fiction books
British non-fiction literature
1973 non-fiction books
Weidenfeld & Nicolson books
Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history
1970s LGBT literature
LGBT literature in the United Kingdom
Biographies about LGBT people
Elsie Lessa

Elsie Lessa (1912 – 17 May 2000) was a Brazilian journalist and writer of American descent.

She was hired as a reporter for the newspaper O Globo in 1946. From 1952 till her death in May 2000, she wrote continuously for the paper. No other writer had a permanent role with the paper for so long.

She was considered one of the two most beautiful women of her day in Rio de Janeiro, along with Adalgisa Nery). The writer Rubem Braga tells of how he followed her for a long time through the streets of downtown São Paulo, just to enjoy her beauty and grace.

The writer Ruy Castro, in his book Ela é Carioca said of her: "Elsie has to be placed beside the greatest masters of a genre in the language, like Rubem Braga, Paulo Mendes Campos and Fernando Sabino".

She was a granddaughter of the writer and grammarian Júlio Ribeiro, patron of the 24th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and the creator of the flag of the State of São Paulo.

She was married to the writer Orígenes Lessa, with whom she had a son, the writer and journalist Ivan Lessa. Lessa later married journalist and writer Ivan Pedro de Martins. She is the grandmother of the writer Juliana Foster, and aunt and godmother of the writer and translator Sergio Pinheiro Lopes.

Books
A selection
 Pelos caminhos do mundo (1950). Rio de Janeiro: A Noite.
 A dama da noite: crońicas (1963).  Rio de Janeiro: Livraria J. Olympio.
 Crônicas de amor e desamor (1973). Rio de Janeiro: F. Alves.
 Ponte Rio-Londres (1984). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record.
 Formoso tejo meu: (Crónicas) (1998). Lisbon: Editora Pergaminho. 
 Canta que avida é un dia. Crônicas reunidas. (1998). Rio de Janeiro: Razao Cultural.

References 

Brazilian people of American descent
Brazilian journalists
1912 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Brazilian women writers
20th-century journalists
Min opera

Min opera (; Foochow Romanized: Mìng-kiŏk), also called Fuzhou drama (; Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ-hié), is one of the major traditional opera forms in Fujian Province. It enjoys a good popularity in Fuzhou, Middle Fujian, East Fujian and North Fujian where Fuzhou dialect is spoken, as well as in Taiwan and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Having been evolving for 300 years, Min opera became fixed in the early 20th century.

A variety of Min opera called Beilu opera (also called Luantan), is popular in the Eastern Min region of Shouning County, near Zhejiang.

External links

Fuzhou opera video

Chinese opera
Culture in Fujian
Henry Callow

Henry Callow  (died 14 April 2006) was a former Second Deemster in the Isle of Man.

He began his career as a Manian advocate and was then appointed High Bailiff in 1969. After 19 years in the post, he was made Second Deemster until retiring in 1993. He was the Provincial Grand Master of the Isle of Man Freemasons from 1983 to 1994. He was appointed CBE in the 1994 Birthday Honours.

He is the most recent judge in the British Isles to pass a death sentence (upon Anthony Teare in 1992), although it was commuted to life imprisonment. Capital punishment in the Isle of Man was formally abolished by Parliament in 1993.

References

Year of birth missing
2006 deaths
Manx judges
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Mohsen Shah-Ebrahimi


Seyyed Mohsen Shah Ebrahimi (in Persian: سید محسن شاه ابراهیمی) is an Iranian art director, costume designer and actor.

Early life and education
Born in 1954, Iran. Studied art directing in the Faculty of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy (1980).

Career
He started his career with By the Ponds (1986, Y. Noasri), received the prize in FFF for The Night Nurse (1987, M.-A. Najafi). As well as being an art director, he has two films as an actor in his career.

Works

Production designer
 Mum's Guest (2004)
 In Amethyst Color (2005)
 Mokhtarnameh (2010 TV series)
 Muhammad: The Messenger of God (2015)
 Daughter (2016)
 Bomb: A Love Story (2018)
 Salman the Persian (2019 TV series)

Actor
 Eye of the Hurricane (1989}
 What Else Is New? (1991)
 The Snowman (1997)
 Mummy 3 (1998) 
 Traveler of Rey (2000)

External links
 

Iranian art directors
People from Khorramshahr
1954 births
Living people
Orígenes Lessa

Orígenes Lessa (July 12, 1903 in Lençóis Paulista – July 9, 1981 in Rio de Janeiro), journalist, short story writer, novelist, and a writer of essays. He was elected, on July 9, 1981 for the Chair number 10 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, succeeding Osvaldo Orico, and was received on November 20, 1981, by the Academy Member Francisco de Assis Barbosa.

His life

A son of Vicente Themudo Lessa, historian, journalist and a Protestant pastor from the State of Pernambuco, and of Henriqueta Pinheiro Themudo Lessa. In 1906, he was taken by his family to São Luís in the State of Maranhão, where he stayed until the age 9, following his father's journey as a missionary. From the experience of his childhood resulted the novel Rua do Sol (Street of the Sun). In 1912, he returned to São Paulo. At the age 19, he entered a Protestant seminar, which he left two years later.

In 1924, he moved to Rio de Janeiro. Voluntarily separated from his family, he faced great difficulties. In order to support himself he became a teacher. He finished a physical education course, become a calisthenics teacher of the Physical Education Institute of the YMCA. He entered the newspaper life, publishing his first articles in the section "Social-Worker Tribune" of the newspaper O Imparcial. He was married to the writer Elsie Lessa. Their only son is the writer and journalist Ivan Lessa. He is the grandfather of the writer Juliana Foster and also an uncle of the writer and translator Sergio Pinheiro Lopes.

Published books

Novels

 O Feijão e o Sonho (1938);
 A desintegração da morte, novel (1948);
 Rua do Sol, novel (1955);
 João Simões continua, novel (1959);
 A noite sem homem, novel (1968);
 Beco da fome, novel (1972);
 O evangelho de Lázaro, novel (1972);
 O edifício fantasma, novel (1984);
 Simão Cireneu, novel (1986).

Short stories

 O escritor proibido (1929);
 Garçon, garçonnette, garçonnière (1930);
 A cidade que o diabo esqueceu (1931);
 Passa-três (1935);
 Omelete em Bombaim (1946);
 Balbino, o homem do mar (1960);
 Histórias urbanas (1963);
 Nove mulheres (1968);
 Um rosto perdido (1979);
 Mulher nua na calçada (1984).

News reports

 Não há de ser nada (1932);
 Ilha Grande (1933);
 Ok, América (1945);
 Oásis na mata (1956).

Essays

 Getúlio Vargas na literatura de cordel (1973);
 O índio cor-de-rosa. Evocação de Noel Nutels (1985);
 Inácio da Catingueira e Luís Gama, dois poetas negros contra o racismo dos mestiços (1982);
 A voz dos poetas (1984).

Children's literature

O sonho de Prequeté (1934);
 Memórias de um cabo de vassoura (1971);
 Napoleão em Parada de Lucas (1971 ou 1972)
 Sequestro em Parada de Lucas (1972);
 Memórias de um fusca (1972);
 Napoleão ataca outra vez (1972);
 A escada de nuvens (1972);
 Confissões de um vira-lata (1972);
 A floresta azul (1972);
 O mundo é assim, Taubaté (1976);
 É conversando que as coisas se entendem (1978);
 Tempo quente na floresta azul (1983).

References

Brazilian Academy of Letters

1903 births
1986 deaths
Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
Brazilian male novelists
20th-century Brazilian novelists
20th-century Brazilian male writers