alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Nagambie Football Club

Nagambie Football Club is an Australian rules football club, established in 1897. The club is based in the North Eastern Victorian town of Nagambie.

The club is known as "The Lakers" and wear red, white and black panels similar to the Saints guernsey. Their most recent premiership success was in the 2019 season against Tallygaroopna.

Premierships
North East Football Association
1907, 1908
Waranga North East Football Association
1919, 1938
Goulburn Valley Football League
1939, 1946, 1947
Kyabram District Football League
1965, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1975, 1977, 1998, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019

References

External links
Official site

Kyabram & District Football League clubs
1897 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1897
Goulburn Valley Football League clubs
Bat bug

Bat bugs are parasitic blood-sucking insects that feed primarily on the blood of bats – their hosts.  The name has been applied to members of the family Cimicidae (e.g. Cimex lectularius, Afrocimex constrictus) and also to members of the family Polyctenidae. Bat bugs are closely related to bed bugs, and are so similar in appearance that they are often mistaken for bed bugs.  Microscopic examination is needed to distinguish them. Bat bugs will also bite humans if given the opportunity.
Bat bug species include:
 African bat bug (Afrocimex constrictus)
 Eastern bat bug (Cimex adjunctus)

Anatomy
A key physiological distinction between the common bedbug and the bat bug is the fringe hairs on the pronotum (the upper covering of the thorax), which are at least as long as the width of the bat bug's eye, but shorter in the bedbug.

Infestations
Bat bugs are moderately common in the midwest US and have been recorded in Scotland, and are found in houses and buildings that harbor bats. Infestations in human dwellings are usually introduced by bats carrying the bugs on their skin. Bat bugs usually remain close to the roosting locations of bats (attics, chimneys, etc.) but explore the rest of the building if the bats leave or are eliminated. In some cases, they move into harborages that are more typical of bedbugs, such as mattresses and bed frames.

Life cycle
Development from egg to adult ranges from 2 weeks in ideal conditions (warm temperature and abundant food supply) to more than 15 weeks, averaging about 1.5 months. An adult may survive more than one year without feeding. As with the common bedbug, a nymph requires a blood meal to molt, and an adult female requires a blood meal to lay eggs.

Feeding habits
Bat bugs feed on blood from bats, but when they wander away from the bat roost area, they will feed on other warm-blooded animals, including people. This feeding is an annoyance but is not dangerous. Bat bugs have not been found to transmit any diseases.

References 

Cimicomorpha
Parasitic bugs
Parasites of bats
Insect common names
Cimex pilosellus

Cimex pilosellus, known generally as the bat bug or western bat bug, is a species of bed bug in the family Cimicidae. It is found in North America.

References

Further reading

 

Cimicidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1910
Hemiptera of North America
Foetal impairment

Foetal impairment(s) are  grounds for an abortion in New Zealand.

Foetal impairment is the existence of life-threatening or serious anatomical signs that will lead to either an impaired quality of life or at worst, lethal anatomical malformation which renders the foetus unable to survive outside a pregnant woman's body. It is one of several grounds contained within New Zealand's Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act 1977, amended 1978, and Section 187A of the Crimes Act 1961.

Serious danger to the mental health of the woman is the grounds for 98–99% of abortions in New Zealand.

References

External links
Abortions, Statistics New Zealand

New Zealand abortion law
Custos Rotulorum of Northumberland

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Northumberland.

 Robert Horsley bef. 1547–?
 Sir Robert Brandling bef. 1558–1568
 Sir John Forster bef. 1573 – aft. 1594
 Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure 1596–1598
 Sir Robert Carey 1598 – bef. 1605
 Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury bef. 1605–1618
 Sir Ralph Delaval 1618–1628
 William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Newcastle 1628–1632
 Sir William Widdrington 1632–1646
 Interregnum
 William Widdrington, 2nd Baron Widdrington 1660–1675
 Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle 1675–1688
 Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough 1689–1721
 Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough 1722–1740
 Charles Bennet, 2nd Earl of Tankerville 1740–1753
 Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland 1753–1786
 Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland 1786–1800
 William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 1800–1802
 Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland 1802–1817
For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland.

References
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1544-1646
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1660-1828

Northumberland
Yaakov Edri

Ya'akov Edri (, also spelt Edery or Edrey, born 25 November 1950) is an Israeli politician, serving as the mayor of Or Akiva. He served as a member of the Knesset for Likud and Kadima between 2003 and 2013, as well as holding the posts of Minister of Immigrant Absorption, Minister of Negev and Galilee Development, Minister of Health and a Minister without Portfolio.

Biography
Born in Morocco, Edri emigrated to Israel in 1959. He attended the University of Haifa, where he gained a BA in political science and an MA in public administration.

Between 1989 and 2003, he served as mayor of Or Akiva, where he currently resides. In 2003, he was elected to the Knesset on the Likud list. On 10 March 2003, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Internal Security. In late November 2005, he resigned from Likud and joined Kadima. On 18 January 2006 he was appointed Minister of Health and the Minister for the Development of the Negev and the Galilee.

Edri retained his seat in the 2006 elections, and on 27 July was named Minister without Portfolio responsible for Jerusalem Affairs. As part of a cabinet reshuffle in July 2007 he became both Minister of Immigrant Absorption and Minister of Negev and Galilee Development. He lost the former portfolio on 14 July 2008 when Eli Aflalo was appointed to the post.

On 25 February 2007 he was appointed to be responsible for Israel's sixtieth anniversary celebrations. On the same day, he was questioned under caution on suspicion of having tried to receive personal benefits in return for promoting a police commander, Ya'akov Zigdon, whilst he was Deputy Minister of Internal Security. He denied the charges.

He retained his seat in the 2009 elections after being placed thirteenth on the Kadima list. On 5 December 2012, in the days leading up to the 2013 elections, with polls showing Kadima either barely getting into the Knesset or not even passing the threshold, Edri announced he would not be contesting the elections. He then returned to local politics and resumed his post as mayor of Or Akiva.

References

External links

Yaakov Edri Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs

1950 births
Living people
Jewish Israeli politicians
Kadima politicians
Likud politicians
Mayors of places in Israel
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Ministers of Health of Israel
Moroccan emigrants to Israel
20th-century Moroccan Jews
People from Or Akiva
University of Haifa alumni
Doodle (disambiguation)

A doodle is a relatively simple drawing made while a person's attention is otherwise occupied.

Doodle or Doodles may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Doodle, a virtual pet in the video game Toontown Online
 Doodles (comics), a children's activity panel/comic strip featuring Professor Doodles
 Doodles (Tweenies), a pet dog on the British children's programme Tweenies
  Doodles, the animated residents of Cool World, a 1992 Ralph Bakshi film
 "The Doodle" (Seinfeld), an episode of the TV series Seinfeld
 Doodles, a community-driven collectibles NFT project

People
 A.L. "Doodle" Owens (1930–1999), American country music songwriter and singer
 Doodles Weaver (1911–1983), American actor, comedian and musician

Animals
 Doodle (dog), a hybrid of a poodle and other dog breeds
 Doodles, the former mascot of Chick-fil-A, replaced in 1997

Other uses
 Doodle (website), a calendar tool for time management
 Google Doodle, a temporary alteration of the Google logo
 GlobalDoodle, a defunct website for collaborative real-time drawing

See also
 Doodler, unidentified serial killer
 Doodletown, New York, a ghost town in Bear Mountain State Park
 "Yankee Doodle", a song
Cock a doodle doo

"Cock a Doodle Doo" (Roud 17770) is an English language nursery rhyme.

Lyrics
The most common modern version is:
Cock a doodle doo!
My dame has lost her shoe,
My master's lost his fiddling stick 
And knows not what to do.

Origins
The first two lines were used to mock the cockerel's (rooster in US) "crow". The first full version recorded was in Mother Goose's Melody, published in London around 1765. By the mid-nineteenth century, when it was collected by James Orchard Halliwell, it was very popular and three additional verses, perhaps more recent in origin, had been added:

Cock a doodle doo!
What is my dame to do?
Till master's found his fiddling stick,
She'll dance without her shoe.

Cock a doodle doo!
My dame has found her shoe,
And master's found his fiddling stick,
Sing cock a doodle do!

Cock a doodle doo!
My dame will dance with you,
While master fiddles his fiddling stick,
And knows not what to do.
(Verse four's alternative ending line: For Dame and Doodle Doo.)

Notes

English nursery rhymes
Songwriter unknown
Year of song unknown
English folk songs
English children's songs
Traditional children's songs
Nathan Dumelow

Nathan Robert Charles Dumelow (born 30 April 1981) is an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire from 2001 to 2004.

Dumelow  was born in Derby. He began playing for the Derbyshire Cricket Board in 1999 and made his first-class debut for Derbyshire in the 2001 season. Upon his baptism in first-class cricket, he made an immediate impact, taking on his debut the wickets of Yousuf Youhana and Inzamam-ul-Haq. With his chances at Derbyshire limited by the presence of other spinners at the club, he was released from his contract in its final year at the beginning of 2005.

Since 2005 Dumelow has played for Cheshire in the Minor Counties Championship, in 2007 he was the Championship's leading wicket-taker with 39 at 19.76. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler.

References

External links
Nathan Dumelow at Cricket Archive

1981 births
Living people
English cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Cheshire cricketers
Cricketers from Derby
Derbyshire Cricket Board cricketers
Alain Zoubga

Alain Dominique Zoubga (born 1953 in Poa) is a Burkinabe politician and medical doctor who has served in the government of Burkina Faso as Minister of Social Action since 2013. Previously, he was appointed as Minister of Health by President Blaise Compaoré following the 1987 coup d'état and served until 1989. Dr. Zougba currently leads the Party for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party (PDP-PS).

References
 "Health services and quality in Burkina Faso" African Societies

1953 births
Living people
Party for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party politicians
Government ministers of Burkina Faso
Burkinabé physicians
21st-century Burkinabé people
Health ministers of Burkina Faso
Baffin Island Current

Baffin Island Current (or Baffin Current) is an ocean current running south down the western side of Baffin Bay in the Arctic Ocean, along Baffin Island. Its sources are the West Greenland Current and outflow from the Arctic Ocean. Its speed is approximately  per day.

References

See also 
 Labrador Current
 East Greenland Current

Baffin Bay
Baffin Island
Currents of the Arctic Ocean
Tulette

Tulette (; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Cellier des Dauphins

References

Communes of Drôme
Paradine v Jane

Paradine v Jane [1647] EWHC KB J5 is an English contract law case which established absolute liability for contractual debts.

Facts
This action grew out of the  English Civil War. Prince Rupert was commander of the armies of his uncle, King Charles I. Forces on both sides often looted the estates of the nobles for the purpose of gaining supplies. On July 19, 1643,   the British Royalist forces, known as the Cavaliers, took possession of land owned by the plaintiff, Paradine, which was under lease to the  defendant, Jane. The Royalists held the land for three years, finally relinquishing it in 1646 after the remaining Royalist resistance collapsed.

Paradine brought suit against Jane to recover for breach of the lease:

In debt the plaintiff declares upon a lease for years rendering rent at the four usual feasts; and for rent behind for three years, ending at the Feast of the Annunciation, 21 Car. [1646] brings his action; the defendant pleads, that a certain German prince, by name Prince Rupert, an alien born, enemy to the King and his kingdom, had invaded the realm with an hostile army of men; and with the same force did enter upon the defendant’s possession, and him expelled, and held out of possession from the 19 of July 18 Car. [1642] till the Feast of the Annunciation, 21 Car. whereby he could not take the profits; whereupon the plaintiff demurred, and the plea was resolved insufficient.

Judgment
The justices of the King's Bench Division stated that even though in previous cases they would not allow a lessor to proceed against a lessee in time of war, Jane was still liable for the rent.

Criticism
In his book The Death of Contract, American law professor Grant Gilmore suggests that both English  and American judges broadened the principle set forth in Paradine v. Jane unnecessarily. He argues that no legal system consistently held parties absolutely liable for the contracts they made, and that the holding of Paradine itself is limited to its own circumstances, meaning that either the defendant could not counterclaim his own plea against the landlord’s action for rent, or that the court considered the leasehold to be a fully executed transaction.

References

Further reading
S Macaulay, J Kidwell and W Whitford, Contracts: Law in Action (Matthew Bender Company, 2003)

External links
 Full text of decision from BAILII.org
 Link to case from ContractsProf Blog

English contract case law
1647 in law
1647 in England
Court of King's Bench (England) cases
Intermedia (company)

Intermedia Films was an American independent film production company, wholly owned by IM Internationalmedia AG.   

The company mostly acted as a co-producer, funding films through the IMF (Internationale Medien und Film, German for "International Media and Film") funds. As of 2012, Intermedia's library was owned by Ron Tutor and David Bergstein.

History 

The company was founded in London in 1991 as Intermedia Film Equities. Four years later, it was re-established as Intermedia Films by Guy East (formerly of Goldcrest Films and Majestic Films International) and Nigel Sinclair. By 1997, Intermedia began operations in Los Angeles, as did Pacifica Film Distribution. The two companies merged on March 29, 2000.

Its first success of note was Sliding Doors, starring Gwyneth Paltrow, which opened the Sundance Film Festival.

Filmography

References

External links 
 IM Internationalmedia AG English website

Defunct film and television production companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct film and television production companies of the United States
Companies based in Los Angeles
Mass media companies established in 1991
American independent film studios
1991 establishments in England
Mass media companies disestablished in 2006
2006 disestablishments in California
Karl Nobiling

Karl Eduard Nobiling (10 April 1848 – 10 September 1878) was a German attempted assassin, who in 1878 made an attempt on the life of Emperor Wilhelm I.

Nobiling was born in Kolno near Birnbaum (Międzychód) in the Prussian Province of Posen, where his father was the tenant of the local manor. He attended school in Züllichau (Sulechów) and studied political science and agriculture at the University of Halle and Leipzig University, where he received a doctor's degree in 1876. During his studenthood he may have had some minor contact with Socialist circles, though an affiliation with the contemporary Social democratic movement has not been conclusively established.

Nobiling moved to Berlin and in the afternoon of 2 June 1878, he shot and wounded Kaiser Wilhelm I from the window of his apartment on the Unter den Linden boulevard. He used a double-barrelled shotgun and numerous pellets hit the body of the emperor, though the life of the 81-year-old was saved by his Pickelhaube helmet. When immediately after the failed assassination attempt several witnesses tried to disarm him, Nobiling shot himself in the head with a revolver. Not fit to be questioned, he soon fell senseless and finally succumbed to his injuries in September 1878. His attempt to murder Wilhelm came less than one month after a similar attempt by Max Hödel.

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck used the actions of Nobiling and Hödel as justification to implement the Anti-Socialist Law in October 1878.

Literature 
 Vizetelly, Ernest A.: The Anarchists: Their Faith and Their Record. Edinburgh 1911 (ausführliche Beschreibung des Tathergangs in Kapitel 3).
 Kellerhoff, Sven Felix: Attentäter. Wahnsinnige, Verführte, Kriminelle. Arean, Erftstadt 2005 , S. 31 ff.
 Mühlnikel, Marcus: Fürst, sind Sie unverletzt?' Attentate im Kaiserreich 1871–1914. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014 

1848 births
1978 suicides
1878 crimes in Europe
People from the Rhine Province
Suicides by firearm in Germany
Failed regicides
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Leipzig University alumni
German anarchists
Daniel Bernard Roumain

Daniel Bernard Roumain (known by his initials, DBR; born 1970) is a composer, performer, violinist, and band-leader, whose work combines classical music with jazz, hip-hop and rock.

Composer
In September 2010, Dancers, Dreamers, and Presidents — an orchestral tone poem inspired by Ellen DeGeneres and then-senator Barack Obama — premiered at the New World Symphony.

DBR composed the opera, "We Shall Not Be Moved," in collaboration with librettist Marc Bamuthi Joseph, and director and choreographer Bill T. Jones. The opera premiered at Opera Philadelphia on September 16, 2017.

Discography
Threads with David S. Ware (Thirsty Ear, 2003)
I, Composer (2004)
String Quartet (2004)
Pulsing (DBR Music, 2006)
Etudes4Violin&Electronix (Thirsty Ear, 2007)
The Need to Be with Ryuichi Sakamoto on the DJ Spooky album "Sound Unbound" (2008)
Woodbox Beats & Balladry (Thirsty Ear, 2010)

References

External links

Guide to the Daniel Bernard Roumain Collection, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
Collision: Bill T. Jones and Daniel Bernard Roumain
Interview on CBS News
Performing at Cusp Conference 2009 (video)

1970 births
Living people
American classical composers
American male classical composers
American musicians of Haitian descent
Musicians from Florida
Thirsty Ear Recordings artists
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
Dunlay, Texas

Dunlay is an unincorporated community in Medina County, Texas.  It lies about six miles west of Castroville and eight miles east of Hondo on U.S. Highway 90.

History
The town was named after Jerry Dunlay, a local train conductor. Dunlay, originally called Enterprise, was established in 1881 along the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway.  A post office was established in 1890 with Norval Seymour Murray as postmaster.  After May 10, 1895, the town was called Dunlay.

Dunlay is part of the San Antonio metropolitan area.

References

Unincorporated communities in Medina County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
Greater San Antonio
Populated places established in 1881
1881 establishments in Texas
Pascal Fantodji

Pascal Fantodji (died 5 April 2010) was a Beninese professor and founder of the Communist Party of Benin (PCB). In the Benin presidential election of 1996, Fantodji received 1.08 percent of the vote (failing to qualify for the second round).

References

Year of birth missing
2010 deaths
Communist Party of Benin politicians
Anti-revisionists
Hoxhaists
Beninese academics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Villedieu

Villedieu is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

 Villedieu, Cantal, in the Cantal département
 Villedieu, Côte-d'Or, in the  Côte-d'Or département
 Villedieu, Vaucluse, in the Vaucluse département
 Villedieu-la-Blouère, in the Maine-et-Loire département
 Villedieu-le-Château, in the Loir-et-Cher département
 Villedieu-lès-Bailleul, in the Orne département
 Villedieu-les-Poêles, in the Manche département, best known for producing copper cookware
 Villedieu-sur-Indre, in the Indre département
 Les Villedieu, in the Doubs département

Villedieu may also refer to:
 Marie-Catherine de Villedieu, a 17th-century French author.

See also
La Villedieu (disambiguation)
Wasim Khan

Wasim Gulzar Khan  (born 26 February 1971) is a former British cricketer who was the first British player with Pakistani origin to play professional cricket in England. He was a left-handed batsman who also bowled right arm medium pace.

Khan's family, originally from the Kashmir region, relocated to England in the early 1950s. Khan was born in Birmingham and attended Somerville Primary School before continuing on to Oldknow Secondary School. At the age of 12, he began to display a talent for cricket, and was encouraged to play by a teacher. Later that year in 1983, he was selected for the Warwickshire Under 13s team. Khan was the only state school boy in that team.

He played first-class cricket for the record-breaking double-winning Warwickshire team in 1995, averaging 49 in the championship winning team. He also gained a NatWest winners medal. He represented England in the Under 19s.

Khan was seen as one of the most important men in English cricket, leading the Cricket Foundation's £50 million Chance to Shine campaign as the CEO. The campaign aimed to regenerate competitive cricket in state schools. Prior to this, he was Operations Director for the Cricket Foundation's campaign - Chance to Shine. His autobiography Brim Full of Passion was voted Wisden Book of the Year 2007. Since launching in 2005, Chance to Shine has reached over 1.8 million children across 6,500 schools and has raised close to £40 million. He also sits on the Equality and Human Rights Commission Sports Group, The Prince's Trust Cricket Group, and has the Anti-Corruption and Security Unit of the England and Wales Cricket Board. In January 2015, he earned a Master of Business Administration from the Warwick Business School.

He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to cricket and the community.

In October 2014, he was made Chief Executive of the Leicestershire County Cricket Club.

In December 2018, he was appointed as the managing director of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) and moved to Pakistan to take his office in February 2019. In September 2021, he resigned as PCB chief executive four months before the end of his contract.

In April 2022, Khan was appointed International Cricket Council's General Manager of cricket.

References

External links
 

1971 births
Living people
Alumni of Warwick Business School
British sportspeople of Pakistani descent
Cricketers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Derbyshire cricketers
English cricketers
English cricketers of 1969 to 2000
English cricketers of the 21st century
English expatriates in Pakistan
English people of Mirpuri descent
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British Asian cricketers
Sussex cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Warwickshire Cricket Board cricketers
Advanced Technology Leisure Application Simulator

The Advanced Technology Leisure Application Simulator, or ATLAS, is a large hydraulic motion simulator. It was designed, as the name implies, for the theme park industry. The ATLAS is a product of Rediffusion Simulation in Sussex, England, now owned by Thales Group and known as Thales Training & Simulation. Disney filed multiple patents on their variant of the device, including US Utility Patent #5161104 .

The ATLAS was derived from military flight simulation technology. It uses six hydraulic actuators to provide a broad range of movement.

In the later half of the 1980s, Walt Disney Imagineering bought and refined this technology for two theme park attractions; Star Tours at Disneyland (and later Disney's Hollywood Studios, Tokyo Disneyland, and Disneyland Park) and Body Wars at Epcot. The technology was also used in 2016 for the Iron Man Experience at Hong Kong Disneyland. The Disney attractions feature large, 40-person cabins (45-person in Hong Kong) hidden from outside view, arranged lengthwise with four or six simulators per installation. There are four simulators at Disneyland's Star Tours and EPCOT's Body Wars, while the remaining Star Tours installations have six. At Hong Kong Disneyland's Iron Man Experience, there are five simulators. Body Wars is now defunct and the simulators have been removed from the building in the years since the closure of the Wonders of Life pavilion.

References

Simulator rides
Disney technology
Villedieu, Vaucluse

Villedieu (; ) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

A local legend says that the penitents asked to Alice Colonieu to make a statue of the Virgin and to install on the back of a house in Villedieu. This set of Renaissance style, decorated with a king scallop is called the " Virgin of the Smile" and is still visible in Villedieu.

See also
Communes of the Vaucluse department

References

Communes of Vaucluse
Grant Gilmore

Grant Gilmore (April 8, 1910 – May 1, 1982) was an American law professor who taught at Yale Law School, the University of Chicago Law School, the College of Law (now Moritz College of Law) at the Ohio State University, and Vermont Law School. He was a scholar of commercial law and one of the principal drafters of the Uniform Commercial Code. 

Gilmore attended Boston Latin School and then went on to Yale University, where he earned a PhD in Romance languages. Prior to his career in law, he taught French at Yale University.

He authored a number of books on various areas of commercial law, including secured transactions, admiralty law, and contract law, and also drafted Article Nine of the Uniform Commercial Code.  Perhaps his most famous work is his survey and criticism of contract law, The Death of Contract. Gilmore is also known for his quote:Law reflects, but in no sense determines the moral worth of a society…. The better the society, the less law there will be. In Heaven, there will be no law, and the lion will lie down with the lamb…. The worse the society, the more law there will be. In Hell, there will be nothing but law, and due process will be meticulously observed.

Selected publications
Gilmore, Grant.  Security Interests in Personal Property (2 Volumes).  1st edition, Little, Brown & Company, 1965; 2nd edition, The Lawbook Exchange, 1999.  
Gilmore, Grant.  The Death of Contract.  The Ohio State University Press, 1974, 2nd edition 1995, Ronald K.L. Collins, editor:   
Gilmore, Grant & Black, Charles.  The Law of Admiralty.  Foundation Press, 1975. OCLC 1228473.
 (second edition, with new foreword and final chapter by Philip Bobbitt, Yale University Press, 2014. )

References

External links
Article on Gilmore's book Security Interests in Personal Property from Time magazine, 12 January 1968
A reproduction of the announcement of Grant Gilmore's memorial service from the New York Times
Finding aid for Grant Gilmore, Papers Harvard Law School Library
Image

1910 births
1982 deaths
American legal scholars
American legal writers
Boston Latin School alumni
Yale University alumni
Yale Law School faculty
Scholars of contract law
University of Chicago Law School faculty
Yale Sterling Professors
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Loose Moose Theatre

The Loose Moose Theatre Company (LMTC), is a theater company based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was co-founded in 1977, by Keith Johnstone and Mel Tonken. LMTC has an international reputation for developing the theatrical style of improvisation and specifically the work of Keith Johnstone.  LMTC is the birthplace of such improvisation shows as Theatresports, Maestro, Gorilla Theatre and Life Game.

History 
The Loose Moose is an active theatre company producing in house and touring, plus it offers a training centre for individuals interested in improvisational theatre.  They have continued a long-standing tradition of producing a weekend-afternoon series of children's theatre, and an evening series of improvisational comedic theatre as well as various improvised based plays and special events such as the International Improvisation Summit in March 2010 and Improvisation marathons (the longest of which lasted 52 hours of sleepless improvisation). It also was an early adopter and supporter of gay content in the late 1970s to draw attention to social injustice.

Loose Moose has existed in a few venues since its inception.  Originally in the Pumphouse theatre, Loose Moose moved to a space within an industrial complex in the northeast area of Calgary (near the airport).  After space-use and lease negotiations with a neighbouring Christian academy failed to be resolved, LMTC took up in the historic Garry Theatre in the Inglewood district.  In 2005, LMTC moved into a new performance space in the Calgary Crossroads Market.

1988-2019 the Loose Moose hosted the Loose Moose International Improvisation Summer School, a two-week school in the summer drawing people all over the world to Calgary which has long been recognized as a hub of narrative improvisation inspiration and education in the world.

Many LMTC alumni are now working in the areas of film, television, stage and still use their improvisational skills as a foundation for their work.  Loose Moose alumni include Roman Danylo, Rebecca Northan, Albert Howell, Ryan Belleville, Tony Totino, Rick Hilton, Dave Duncan, Mark McKinney, Bruce McCulloch, Norm Hiscock, Veena Sood, Clem Martini, Patti Stiles, Derek Flores, Terra Hazelton, Eric Amber, Roger Fredericks, Jan Derbyshire, Roderick Crawford, Chris Cline, Frank Totino, Pat Kelly, Shawn Kinley, Bruce Horak, Peter Oldring, Dave Lawrence, Rob Mitchelson, Dave Ware, A.J. Demers, Renee Amber, Andrew Phung, Steve Jarand, Immanuela Lawrence, Graeme Davies and Jenny Wynter.

In 1998, Dennis Cahill became the Artistic Director of Loose Moose.

References

External links
Loose Moose Theatre Company
Loose Moose Theater on Facebook

Improvisational theatre in Canada
Theatre in Calgary
Theatre companies in Alberta
Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge

The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge is a railroad bridge with vertical-lift span in the U.S. state of Delaware.  It carries a Delmarva Central Railroad rail line across the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal.

This bridge was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of a canal expansion project and opened in 1966. The Canal Lift Bridge, the only drawbridge on the C & D Canal (other lift bridges, carrying vehicular traffic, had since been replaced with high-level crossings) was owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, Penn Central, and Conrail before Norfolk Southern acquired ownership of it in 1998 and the Delmarva Central Railroad took over in 2016.  The bridge is used primarily by Delmarva Central Railroad on its Delmarva Subdivision, which has a junction with Norfolk Southern north of the bridge in Porter.  Norfolk Southern trains use the bridge via trackage rights to interchange with the Delmarva Central Railroad in Clayton. It has also been used by Amtrak for special events held throughout the year including NASCAR races at Dover International Speedway and the Delaware State Fair, with the trains departing from 30th Street Station in Philadelphia and using Amtrak's Northeast Corridor to the Bell Junction near Edgemoor, then departing a short distance later on the Shellpot Branch and later the Delmarva Branch.

The bridge carries a single track across the canal and is kept open to allow the free flow of shipping traffic underneath.  If a freight train plans on crossing the canal in either direction, the engineer must contact the bridge operator at least 30 minutes before crossing, as to allow the bridge to be lowered.  Most canal crossings occur at night when most of the shipping traffic (along with Amtrak and SEPTA train traffic farther north) is at a minimum.  The northern approach to the Canal Lift Bridge bisects an abandoned section of the C & D Canal, which was bypassed in the 1960s with the current sea-level channel.

On March 18, 2020, it was announced that the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge would be refurbished as part of an $18.8 million federal grant to the Delmarva Central Railroad.

See also
 
 
 List of crossings of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal

References

Vertical lift bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 1966
Chesapeake & Delaware Canal
Bridges in New Castle County, Delaware
Railroad bridges in Delaware
Towers in Delaware
Biochron

A biochron (from the Greek bios, life; and khronos, time) is the length of time represented by a biostratigraphic zone.  Biochrons are named after characteristic fossil organisms or taxa that characterise that interval in time.

References
North American Mammalian Time Scale Retrieved June 18, 2007

Notes

Biochronology
Astet

Astet () is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Asténiens or Asténiennes.

Geography
Astet is located some 30 km west by north-west of Aubenas and 15 km east by south-east of Langogne. Access to the commune is by Route nationale N102 from Lanarce in the north-west passing through the north of the commune and continuing over the Col de la Chavade in the centre of the commune then south-east to Mayres. The N102 is a heavily used road between the Rhône Valley and the Massif Central. There is also the D239 coming from Saint-Cirgues-en-Montagne in the north-east passing through the centre of the commune, crossing the N102 at the Col de la Chavade and continuing south to join the D19. The village is located in the east of the commune and is reached by a short but tortuous road from the N102. Apart from the village there is also the hamlet of Sedassier to the south-east. The commune covers 3,445 hectares with the highest point at Les Valadous at 1,548m.

The Ardèche river has its source in the centre of the commune and it flows south-west gathering many tributaries in the commune: the Ruisseau des Chaplades, the Ruisseau de Paillayre, the Ruisseau de Pierne, the Ruisseau de la Bessede, the Ruisseau de Fiagouse, the Ruisseau des Gardettes, the Ruisseau de Pierne, and the Ruisseau de la Bessede. It begins its journey to join the Rhône at Pont-Saint-Esprit in Astet. The Espezonnette rises in the south of the commune with many tributaries: the Ruisseau de la Ferme, the Ruisseau du Gouffre, the Ruisseau de Montgros, and the Ruisseau de l'Ane. It flows north forming a small part of the northern border before continuing to join the Allier just south of the Langogne-Lesperon Aerodrome.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
First established as a parish in 1770, Astet became a commune in 1907 by separating from the large commune of Mayres. Astet had over 500 inhabitants in 1911 but this has decreased to 41 in 2010. The First World War resulted in a reduction in population then the desertification of the land in the 1950s.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017, the commune had 42 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments
Les Valadous the highest point in the Serre de la Croix de Bauzon at 1,548m.
Col de la Chavade
Col du Pendu
La Chavade-Bel-Air Ski Resort
A Church from the 19th century
The source of the Ardèche river in the Mazan Forest
Wind turbines operated by Électricité de France

The GR7 path passes through the centre of the commune parallel with the D239.

See also
Communes of the Ardèche department

References

External links

Community of communes website on the Source of the Ardèche 
Astet on the old IGN website 
Astet on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website 
Astet on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Ardèche
Ernest Henty

Ernest George Henty (17 September 1862 – 25 June 1895) was a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1894 to 1895.

Born in Albury, New South Wales on 17 September 1862, Ernest Henty was the son of squatter Richmond Henty, who was either the first or the second white child to be born in the colony of Victoria. The famous Henty brothers, James and Edward, were his great-uncles.  As a youth Ernest Henty worked as a clerk for James Henty & Co., spending some years with the firm in Fiji.  In 1883 he moved to Melbourne, working as a journalist for the World and then the Melbourne Daily Telegraph. From 1885 to 1890 he was editor of the Upper Murray and Mitta Herald, a Tallangatta newspaper. On 12 June 1890 he married Katherine Mary Harvie Alberta Cobham; they had two sons and a daughter. At the time of his marriage his occupation was given as grazier.

Shortly afterwards, Henty emigrated to Western Australia with his brother-in-law, and the men established themselves as merchants under the name Henty, Cobham & Co. Henty became a wine, spirit and tea agent. In 1891, Henty played several matches for the Rovers Football Club in the West Australian Football Association (WAFA). By 1895, the company had branches in Geraldton, Southern Cross and Coolgardie.

On 16 July 1894, Henry was elected to a Central Province seat in the Western Australian Legislative Council. He held the seat until his death at Coolgardie on 25 June 1895.

References

Henty, Ernest George
Henry, Ernest George
Henty, Ernest George
Henty, Ernest George
Journalists from Melbourne
Rovers Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Australian sportsperson-politicians
19th-century Australian journalists
19th-century Australian male writers
19th-century male writers
19th-century Australian politicians
Australian male journalists
Colony of New South Wales people
Colony of Western Australia people
United States Navy use of Hydrometer in the 1800s

Certain ships of the United States Navy adopted the use of the hydrometer in the 1850s. Readings taken of the density of seawater contributed to research into the dynamics of ocean currents.

Adoption
The first International Maritime Conference held at Brussels in 1853 (aka "Brussels Conference") for devising a uniform system of meteorological observations at sea recommended the systematic use of the hydrometer. Captain John Rodgers, Lieutenant Porter, and Dr. William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger, all of the United States Navy did this as did Dr. Raymond, in the American steamer Golden Age, and Captain Henry Toynbee, (F.R.A.S., F.R.A.G.S) of the English East Indiaman Gloriana. All of these men returned valuable observations with the hydrometer, though Captain Rodgers afforded the most extended series. Those navigators who used the hydrometer enlarged the bounds of knowledge and fields of research and led to the discovery of new relations of the sea. 

The object which the Brussels Organization had in view when the specific gravity column was introduced into the sea-journal was that hydrographers might find in it data for computing the dynamical force which the sea derives for its currents from the difference in the specific gravity of its waters in different climes. The Brussels Conference agreed that a given difference as to specific gravity between the water in one part of the sea and the water in another would give rise to certain currents, and that the set and strength of these currents would be the same, whether such difference of specific gravity arose from difference of temperature or difference of saltiness, or both.

Findings
The observations made with it by Captain Rodgers, on board the Vincennes – the first United States warship to circumnavigate the globe – showed that the specific gravity of sea water varies but little in the trade-wind regions, notwithstanding the change of temperature. The temperature was a little greater in the southeast trade-wind region of the Pacific; less in the Atlantic. But, though the sea at the equatorial borders of the trade-wind belt is some 20° or 25° warmer than it is on the polar edge, the specific gravity of its waters at the two places in the Atlantic differs but little. Though the temperature of the water was noted, his observations on its specific gravity have not been corrected for temperature.

Sources 

 Matthew Fontaine Maury, Physical Geography of the Sea, sect.433-34
 Captain "Henry" Toynbee, New South Wales marine records

Oceanography
Dilber Yunus

Dilber Yunus (; , Pinyin: Dílǐbàiěr Yóunǔsī; born October 2, 1958) is a Uyghur lyric soprano with coloratura technique. She has been called the "Philomela of China," in reference to the Athenian King Pandion I's daughter, who, according to legend, turned into a nightingale. She is a citizen of Finland.

Life
Dilber was born in Kashgar, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. She was admitted in 1976 to the Xinjiang Song and Dance Troupe. Four years later, she enrolled in the Department of Vocal Music and Opera at Beijing's Central Music Conservatory and while still a student there, won an award in the Finland International Opera Competition. In 1987, Dilber finished her master's degree at the Conservatory and promptly joined the roster of the Finnish National Opera company, later adding a position with Sweden's Malmo Opera. She twice won the Birgit Nilsson Stipend, in 1997 and 1998. Dilber Yunus has served as a distinguished professor in the China Conservatory of Music between 2008 and 2018. In September 2018, she joined the Central Conservatory of Music and serves as a professor in the department of vocal arts and opera performance.

Dilber is considered to rank among the more accomplished singers of her generation in her voice category, with a clarion and powerful top. She has been praised for restraint in her use of ornamentation and for vocal balance. Among her recordings is an acclaimed La sonnambula by Bellini on which she sings Lisa, recorded live in Amsterdam in 1992, for the Naxos label.

Dilber gave hundreds of solo concerts and recitals around the world and performed the following roles in staged productions of operas:
 
The Queen of the Night in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte
Rosina in Rossini’s Il barbiere di Siviglia
Lisa in Bellini’s La sonnambula
Adina in Donizetti’s L'elisir d'amore
Marie in Donizetti’s La fille du régiment
Lucia in Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor
Gilda in Verdi’s Rigoletto 
Nanetta in Verdi’s Falstaff 
Oscar in Verdi’s Un ballo in maschera
Olympia in Offenbach’s Les contes d'Hoffmann 
Sophie in Massenet’s Werther
a Flowermaiden in Wagner’s Parsifal
the title role in Stravinsky’s Le rossignol
Zerbinetta in Strauss’s Ariadne auf Naxos
Lauretta in Puccini’s Gianni Schicchi
Yang Caihong in Hao Weiya's A Village Teacher
Grandam in Lei Lei's Visitors on the Snow Mountain

See also
Ablajan Awut Ayup
Arken Abdulla

References

1958 births
Living people
21st-century Chinese women opera singers
Chinese operatic sopranos
Finnish operatic sopranos
Uyghurs
Singers from Xinjiang
People from Kashgar
20th-century Chinese women opera singers
Chinese emigrants
Immigrants to Finland
Naturalized citizens of Finland
21st-century Finnish women opera singers
Easter postcard

Easter postcards are a form of postcard that people send to each other at Easter. They have now mostly changed to e-cards rather than postcards, but their purpose remains the same.

History

The tradition of sending Easter postcards to relatives and friends developed during the end of the 19th century. Although only a few were sent in 1898, the cards subsequently became popular worldwide.

In the beginning, monochrome as well as colored cards were printed. Most of the time, the center of the cards contained an oversized egg. During the first years during which Easter postcards were sent, the front side was empty. This was the space for senders to write their greetings because post offices would only allow the address and the stamp on the back side. Because of that, the artistically precious illustrations were deformed. In 1905, post offices in Austria and Germany separated the back side of the cards into two halves. The right half served as before (for the address and the stamp) and the other half was the new space for the message. In 1906 this was officially allowed by the world-post-congress in Rome.

Circa 1910, the cards were mainly monochrome pictures which were sometimes colored with children in the context with lambs, poultry, and eggs. Young girls were a symbol for luck and hope. The Easter bunny which was a personified symbol of fruitfulness, was often portrayed with eggs. German publishers were leading in the production of Easter postcards before the First World War.

During the time of the First World War, children were replaced with soldiers and a military appearance of the Easter bunny was common. After the First World War, photos no longer served as the foundation for Easter postcards; instead they featured drawn colorful Easter motives. A very popular motive was Jesus in the open countryside surrounded by sheep. Cards with flowers were also common. During times of prosperity, the cards were often created using chromolithography. Many very impressive cards still exist with silver, gold and relief-stamping.

The number of Easter postcards declined through the Second World War. Since then, the number of cards sent has declined; especially during the past decade because of the competition with telephony and e-mail.

Gallery

References

External links 
3D popup card for Easter
Easter Postcards, Clip Arts, Vector illustrations, Icons
Easter postcards from 1898 until today - Cards from 42 countries - exhibition 
Easter Vintage Postcards

Postcard
Postcards
C.A.P. Turner

Claude Allen Porter Turner (July 4, 1869 – January 10, 1955) was an American structural engineer who designed a number of buildings and bridges, particularly in the midwestern U.S. states of Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Turner was born in Lincoln, Rhode Island, and attended Lehigh University's school of engineering in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1890. He worked for several companies in the eastern United States before moving to Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1897. He formed his own company in 1901 and received a patent in 1908 for an innovative flat-slab support system, known as the Turner System or the Spiral Mushroom System, using reinforced concrete, although this patent was invalidated in 1915 and 1916 in favor of similar patents filed by American engineer O.W. Norcross. Turner's patent, however, was licensed to overseas designers including Hugh Ralston Crawford in Australia.

Turner would eventually receive 30 patents related to reinforced concrete. He died in Columbus, Ohio, in 1955.

Notable designs by Turner include:
 the Marshall Building (a.k.a. Hoffman Building) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1906 (a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark)
 the Lindeke-Warner Building, St. Paul, Minnesota (first American building to use the Turner System), 1909
 the 2,730 ft Soo Line High Bridge (North of Stillwater, Minnesota, on the St. Croix River), 1911
 the Mendota Bridge in the Twin Cities, 1926
 re-engineering the Aerial Lift Bridge in Duluth, Minnesota, from a transporter bridge into a lift bridge, 1929
 the Liberty Memorial Bridge between Bismarck and Mandan, North Dakota

References

Further reading 

 Exporting American Architecture, 1870-2000, by Jeffrey W. Cody

External links

1869 births
1955 deaths
Concrete pioneers
American structural engineers
American bridge engineers
Lehigh University alumni
Engineers from Rhode Island
People from Providence County, Rhode Island
20th-century American engineers