alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
USNS Mission San Rafael

SS Mission San Rafael was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS Mission San Rafael (AO-130). Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission San Rafael (T-AO-130). She was a member of the  and was named for Mission San Rafael Arcángel, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Service history
Originally laid down as SS Mission San Rafael on 25 September 1943 as a Maritime Commission type (T2-SE-A2) tanker hull under a Maritime Commission contract by the Marine Ship Corporation, Sausalito, California; launched on 31 December 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Edith S. Waterman; and delivered on 22 March 1944.

Chartered to Los Angeles Tanker Operators, Inc. for operations on the same date, she spent the remainder of the war carrying fuel to U.S. forces in the western Pacific (during which time she was awarded the National Defense Service Medal). She remained in this capacity until 25 April 1946 when she was transferred to the Maritime Commission and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Olympia, Washington.

Acquired by the Navy on 21 October 1947 she was chartered to Union Oil Company for operations and placed under the operational control of the Naval Transportation Service as Mission San Rafael (AO-130). Transferred to the control of the newly created Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) on 1 October 1949 she was redesignated USNS Mission San Rafael (T-AO-130). She remained with MSTS until  2 February 1955 when she was returned to MARAD and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Olympia. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 June 1955.

Reacquired by the Navy on 20 June 1956 she was once again placed in service with MSTS and was operated, under charter, by Marine Transport Lines. She served until 20 August 1959 when she was returned to MARAD and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California. Reacquired by the Navy on 31 May 1960 she was placed in service with MSTS and operated, under charter, by Marine Transport Lines. Into 1969, she was still serving with MSTS, carrying fuel to U.S. forces stationed overseas.

She was scrapped at Baltimore in June 1971.

See also
 Mission San Rafael Arcángel

References

 
 

 

Type T2-SE-A2 tankers
Ships built in Sausalito, California
1943 ships
World War II tankers of the United States
San Rafael
Type T2-SE-A2 tankers of the United States Navy
Ruma Guha Thakurta

Ruma Guha Thakurta (3 November 1934 – 3 June 2019) was an Indian actress and singer primarily associated with Bengali language films. She founded Calcutta Youth Choir in 1958.

Early life 
Ruma Guha Thakurta was born as Ruma Ghosh on 3 November 1934 to Satyen Ghosh (Monty Ghosh) and singer Sati Devi. Her family was culturally inclined to Brahmo Samaj, a societal component of Brahmoism. Her mother Sati was eldest sister of Bijoya Ray, the wife of Satyajit Ray.

Guha Thakurta was a trained vocalist and a dancer. She started training in music at Swarabitan in Kolkata, which had been established by her parents. In later years, she studied under Abdul Rehman Khan of Patiala gharana, the Ustad of Nirmla Devi and Lakshmi Shankar in Bombay. She also trained in dance at "Uday Shankar India Cultural Centre" at Almora. 

She married Kishore Kumar in 1951 and had a son Amit Kumar by this marriage. The couple divorced in 1958 and she married Arup Guha Thakurta in 1960. The couple had two children, Ayan and Sromona. Sromona is also a singer.

Career 
Guha Thakurta  made her acting debut in Amiya Chakravarty's Jwar Bhata (1944) at age ten. This was the debut film of Dilip Kumar. Her next film as Ruma Ghosh was Nitin Bose, whose first cousin was her aunt's father-in-law,'s Mashaal (1950) in Hindi, which had a Bengali version called Samar, adapted from Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Rajani. She portrayed a blind girl, Sarla.

After her divorce, Ruma moved to Calcutta to act in Rajen Tarafdar’s Ganga based on Samaresh Bose’s eponymous cult novel. She acted as one of two leading ladies, with Sandhya Roy. Ganga won the National award for Best Feature Film that year and Ruma's portrayal of Himi received critical acclamation. In the same year, she acted in Personal Assistant opposite to Bhanu Bandopadhayay and in Khaniker Atithi by Tapan Sinha.

Her film career revived in 1962 with Benarasi, produced by her and directed by her husband. It was the tale of a courtesan who tries to lead a life of dignity and respect, when her childhood sweetheart, Ratan, takes her away from her terrible environment. It flopped, but won the BFJA Award for Best Feature Film the following year.

Filmography

As an actress

As a playback singer

Awards 
 BFJA Awards (1964) for Best Actress in supporting role – Palatak
 IFFI Best Actor Award (Female) (1965) for "Nirjan Saikate" at 3rd IFFI

See also
List of notable Calcuttans

References

External links
 
 

2019 deaths
Bengali actresses
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Bengali singers
Brahmos
People associated with Santiniketan
Indian film actresses
Actresses from Kolkata
20th-century Indian actresses
20th-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian women singers
Women musicians from West Bengal
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Indian women playback singers
Bengali playback singers
Singers from Kolkata
20th-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian actresses
1934 births
Peque

Peque or variation, may refer to:

Places
 Peque, Antioquia, a municipality in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia
 Peque, Zamora, a municipality in the Province of Zamora, Spain

People
 Peque Gallaga (born 1943), Filipino filmmaker

Nicknamed
 El Peque, the Spanish-language version of the nickname Shorty
 Gerard Fernández (born 2002), Spanish soccer player nicknamed "Peque"
 Diego Schwartzman (born 1992), Argentinian tennis player nicknamed "El Peque"

Other uses
 AISA I-11B Peque, Spanish-made civil utility airplane
 Los Peques, Argentine 3D animated TV show

See also

 
 PEC (disambiguation)
 Pec (disambiguation)
 Peck (disambiguation)
 Pek (disambiguation)
 PEK (disambiguation)
 PEQ (disambiguation)
Mercy High School (San Francisco)

Mercy High School was a Catholic all-girls college-preparatory high school located in San Francisco, California. It was a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, and was sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin, Ireland. The campus was located on 19th Avenue, near San Francisco State University, and included a multipurpose pavilion, which was built and dedicated to Catherine McAuley in 2001. The school permanently closed in the summer of 2020.

History

In 1855, Mother Baptist Russell and the Sisters of Mercy opened a night school for adults on Vallejo Street in San Francisco. The late auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Francisco James Thomas O'Dowd, who was then the Archdiocesan Superintendent of Schools, requested that the Sisters of Mercy provide a secondary school for the Catholic girls in the Sunset, Lakeside, and Park Merced districts. As a result, Mercy High School was opened on September 3, 1952 with a class of 199 freshmen in a partially completed building. Nearly two years later, the original building was completed in 1954.

On June 11, 1956, a class of 173 seniors received diplomas and became the first graduating class of Mercy High School. The achievement of Mercy's first graduating class placed the high school on the list of secondary schools accredited by the University of California. In 1958, Mercy High School became a charter member among schools accredited by the Western Catholic Educational Association. In 1964, it was accredited by the newly formed Secondary Commission of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The school was also a member of the National Catholic Educational Association.

In January 2020, the school announced that it would close at the end of the 2019–2020 school year, citing decreased enrollment figures, a shrinking endowment, and the high cost of living in San Francisco that made private school tuition difficult to afford for many families.

Academics
Mercy offered a four-year college preparatory program, which included advanced placement and honors courses in English, mathematics, science, foreign language, and history. Religious education classes were mandatory and an important component of the curriculum. The fine arts program was one of the most diverse in the Bay Area, and the athletic and speech programs received state level recognition. Mercy's student government program also received the highest award from the California Association of Student Councils.

Notable alumnae
 Kimberly Guilfoyle, Fox News personality.
 Patricia Ziegler, Founder of Banana Republic
 Kristina Wong, Solo theater performer, artist, actor, film maker

See also
San Francisco County high schools

Notes and references

External links
 Mercy High School Alumnae website

High schools in San Francisco
Catholic secondary schools in California
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
Girls' schools in California
Educational institutions established in 1952
Sisters of Mercy schools
1952 establishments in California
Educational institutions disestablished in 2020
2020 disestablishments in California
Kingsford-Smith Cup

The Kingsford-Smith Cup, registered as the BTC Cup is a Brisbane Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred Weight for Age horse race, run over a distance of  at Eagle Farm Racecourse, Brisbane, Australia during the Queensland Winter Racing Carnival. Total prizemoney is A$1,000,000.

History

The race has been growing in status and was elevated to Group 1 in 2006 and has been won by some notable sprinters such as Apache Cat and Black Caviar.

The original race name was named in honour of former long time committeeman of the Brisbane Amateur Turf Club, J.T. Delaney.

In 2017 the Brisbane Racing Club moved the race from Doomben Racecourse to Eagle Farm Racecourse and renamed the race after Australian aviator Charles Kingsford Smith.

Name
1964–1982 - J.T. Delaney Quality Handicap
1983 - Power Hotels Quality 
1984 - Stefan Sprint
1985–1990 - Tourist Minister's Cup
1991–1994 - Robin's Kitchen Cup
1995–1997 - Foster's Cup
1998–2000 - Carlton Cup
2001 - Carlton Draught Cup
2002–2003 - Wyndham Estate Cup
2004–2016 - BTC Cup
2017 - Kingsford-Smith Cup

Grade
1964–1979 - Principal Race
1980–1982 -  Listed Race
1983–1986 -  Group 3
1987–2005 - Group 2
2006 onwards - Group 1 race

Distance
1964–1972 - 7 furlongs (~1400 metres)
1973–1979 – 1200 metres
1980–1990 – 1350 metres
1991–2016 – 1200 metres
2017 – 1300 metres
2018 – 1350 metres
2019 – 1300 metres

Venue
 Prior to 2013 - Doomben Racecourse
2013 - Eagle Farm Racecourse
2014–2016 - Doomben Racecourse
2017 - Eagle Farm Racecourse
2018 - Doomben Racecourse
2019 - Eagle Farm Racecourse

Winners

 2023 - Think About It
 2022 - Apache Chase
 2021 - Vega One
 2020 - ‡race not held
 2019 - The Bostonian
 2018 - Impending
 2017 - Clearly Innocent
 2016 - Malaguerra
 2015 - Hot Snitzel
 2014 - Famous Seamous
 2013 - Your Song
 2012 - Sea Siren
 2011 - Black Caviar
 2010 - Albert The Fat
 2009 - Duporth
 2008 - Apache Cat
 2007 - Bentley Biscuit
 2006 - Gee I Jane
 2005 - Spark Of Life
 2004 - Thorn Park
 2003 - Falvelon
 2002 - Lord Essex
 2001 - Fritz
 2000 - Falvelon
 1999 - Staging
 1998 - General Nediym
 1997 - Accomplice
 1996 - Chief De Beers
 1995 - Seawinne
 1994 - Buck's Pride
 1993 - Buck's Pride
 1992 - Barrosa Boy
 1991 - St. Jude
 1990 - Gypsy Rogue
 1989 - High Regard
 1988 - Cool Report
 1987 - Broad Reach
 1986 - Goldorme
 1985 - Sports Ruler
 1984 - Mr. Illusion
 1983 - Strawberry Road
1982 - Todonic
1981 - Grand Rocky
1980 - Vinegar Joe
1979 - Stylee
1978 - March Legend
1977 - Innisfree
1976 - Ima Shadow
1975 - Martindale
1974 - Tontonan
1973 - Triton
1972 - Charlton Boy
1971 - Ricochet
1970 - Cabochon
1969 - Dual Control
1968 - Prince Gauntlet
1967 - Eye Liner
1966 - Flying Fancy
1965 - Todwana
1964 - Rashlore

‡ Not held because of the COVID-19 pandemic

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Group 1 stakes races in Australia
Open sprint category horse races
Sport in Brisbane
Chase (Chase album)

Chase was the debut album by jazz-rock fusion band Chase.

Bill Chase was already a well-established lead trumpet player when he decided to form his own band. He recruited three other veteran trumpet players and vocalist Terry Richards, backed them with a rock rhythm section, and created a band which merged both jazz and rock styles. The album was recorded in Chicago in November and early December 1970 and released in April 1971.

The single "Get It On" spent thirteen weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart starting in May 1971, eventually peaking at #24 in July of that year. This success drove album sales to more than 400,000 units—unusually high for a jazz artist. The album charted for a total of 26 weeks, peaking at #22. "Get It On" peaked at number #76 in Australia in 1971.

Release history
In addition the conventional stereo version, the album was released by Epic in a quadraphonic edition on LP and 8-track tape in 1972. The quad LP release was encoded with the SQ matrix system.

The stereo version of this album was re-released in Japan on CD in 1997. The album was reissued in the UK on the Super Audio CD format in 2018 by Dutton Vocalion. This one-disc release also contains Chase's 1974 album Pure Music. The Dutton Vocalion disc contains the complete stereo and quad mixes of both albums.

Track listing
 "Open Up Wide" (Bill Chase) – 3:48
 "Livin' In Heat" (B. Hall / R. Turner / M. Walker) – 2:54
 "Hello Groceries" (D. O'Rourke) – 2:56
 "Handbags and Gladrags" (Mike d'Abo) – 3:23
 "Get It On" (B. Chase/Terry Richards) – 2:59
 "Boys and Girls Together" (Jim Peterik) – 2:56
 "Invitation to a River" – 14:13
 "Two Minds Meet" (L. Raub/B. Chase)
 "Stay" (L. Raub/B. Chase)
 "Paint It Sad" (L. Raub/B. Chase)
 "Reflections" (B. Chase)
 "River" (T. Richards/B. Chase)

Personnel
 Bill Chase - lead & solo trumpet
 Ted Piercefield - trumpet, lead vocal on "Handbags and Gladrags" and "Boys and Girls Together"
 Alan Ware - trumpet
 Jerry Van Blair - trumpet, lead vocal on "Hello Groceries"
 Phil Porter - keyboards
 Dennis Keith Johnson - bass guitar, vocals
 Angel South - guitar, vocals
 Jay Burrid - percussion
 Terry Richards - lead vocals except as noted above

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1971 debut albums
Bill Chase albums
Epic Records albums
Eurosport News

Eurosport News was the first 24-hour international Europe-based sports news channel part of the European sports network Eurosport, owned by Discovery Inc. It was available in 11 million homes in 54 countries.

History
The channel launched on 1 September 2000 and quietly closed down on 1 January 2018. It featured live scores, highlights, most recent breaking news and commentaries with recorded voiceovers, similar to Euronews. Eurosport News' sportscasts were broadcast around the clock in 15-minute blocks with frequent updates. The service combined video, text and graphics with the screen being divided into 4 sections. A video section that displayed highlights and news bulletins, a breaking news ticker at the bottom and a scoring section that gave in-depth analysis of results and game stats.

References

External links
 

News
Sports television channels in the United Kingdom
Sports mass media in Italy
Television channels in Italy
Television stations in Portugal
Television channels and stations established in 2000
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2018
USNS Mission Santa Barbara

SS Mission Santa Barbara was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS Mission Santa Barbara (AO-131). Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission Santa Barbara (T-AO-131). She was a  and was named for Mission Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara, California.

Career 
Mission Santa Barbara was laid down 8 April 1944 under a Maritime Commission contract by Marine Ship Corporation, Sausalito, California; launched 8 June 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Carl H. Nilson; and delivered 8 July 1944. Chartered to Pacific Tankers, Inc. for operations, she spent the remainder of the War carrying fuel to Allied bases in the Pacific. She remained in this capacity until 8 May 1946 when she was returned to the Maritime Commission and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Olympia, Washington.

Acquired by the Navy on 20 October 1947 she was chartered to Union Oil Company for operations and placed under the operational control of the Naval Transportation Service as Mission Santa Barbara (AO-131). Transferred to the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) on 1 October 1949, she was redesignated USNS Mission Santa Barbara (T-AO-131). She remained in service with MSTS until 12 April 1954 when she was laid up, in reserve, at the San Diego group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She remained in reserve until 8 October 1956 when she was once again placed in service with MSTS and chartered to the Joshua Henry Corporation for operations. She remained with MSTS until 8 November 1957 when she was transferred to the Maritime Administration (MARAD), struck from the Naval Vessel Register and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Beaumont, Texas.

The ship was sold to the Hudson Waterways Corporation on 26 March 1966 and was renamed Seatrain Carolina on 7 April 1966. She was subsequently lengthened using part of the midsection of another T2 tanker, the Fruitvale Hills, and rebuilt by Newport News Shipbuilding into one of seven Seatrain Lines multi-purpose cargo ships capable of carrying general bulk and palletized cargo, intermodal containers, vehicles and rail cars. Upon completion of the conversion and delivery in February 1967 Seatrain Carolina, IMO 6700456, was chartered to the MSTS in support of overseas U.S. military operations, including the transport of material, equipment and aircraft to Vietnam. The ship was transferred to the National Defense Reserve Fleet (James River) in 1974 and on August 8, 1978, her name was changed to just Carolina. The ship was retired and broken up in 1985.

During her active military service she was awarded the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Service Medal (four times), the United Nations Service Medal and the Republic of Korea War Service Medal (retroactively). She also received four battle stars for her Korean War service.

References

External links 
 

 

Type T2-SE-A2 tankers
Ships built in Sausalito, California
1944 ships
World War II tankers of the United States
Santa Barbara
Type T2-SE-A2 tankers of the United States Navy
Tibshelf services

Tibshelf services, opened in 1999, is a motorway service area operated by Roadchef between junctions 28 and 29 of the M1 motorway in Derbyshire, England. The site is near Tibshelf Ponds and the Five Pits Trail and lies around  south-east of the village of Tibshelf, but the north-bound site is closer to the village of Newton. During the planning of the site it was originally named Chesterfield services, and during its archaeological evaluation Bronze Age flints and pottery were discovered - indicating the potential of Bronze Age enclosures in the surrounding area.

Facilities
The northbound side was refurbished in 2015, with a McDonald's, a Fresh Food Cafe and a Costa.

References

External links 
 Motorway Services Trivia Website - Tibshelf

Bolsover District
Economy of Derbyshire
M1 motorway service stations
RoadChef motorway service stations
39th Operational Support Battalion

The 39th Operational Support Battalion (39 OSB) is a logistics and administrative unit in the Australian Army, which provides force preparation training and mounting support to individuals and specialist teams for Australian Defence Force operations. 39 OSB also sustains specified operations by providing first line administrative and logistic support to these deployed forces.

The unit was renamed from its former title 39th (Personnel Support) Battalion (39 PSB) on 27 March 2014. 39 PSB was formerly known as the Deployed Forces Support Unit until being formally renamed at a special ceremony on 8 August 2006 at the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne.

The unit perpetuates the name of the famous 39th Battalion, an infantry battalion that fought during both World War I and World War II, which played a significant part in the Kokoda Track Campaign in 1942–43, fighting against the Japanese. It is a Tri-Service Direct Command Unit of Forces Command, and is based at Randwick, New South Wales. It currently fills a variety of roles, including providing cultural and language training for soldiers deploying to Africa as part of UN peacekeeping operations.

References

Military units and formations established in 2006
Combat service support battalions of the Australian Army
Peque, Zamora

Peque is a village and municipality in the province of Zamora, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It has a population of approximately 200 inhabitants.

See also
 La Carballeda
 Kingdom of León
 Leonese language

References

Municipalities of the Province of Zamora
Chip Peterson

Charles Bowne "Chip" Peterson (born December 3, 1987) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance freestyle swimming, especially open water swimming, in which he is a world champion.

Career

At the 2005 World Aquatics Championships, Peterson won gold in the 10 km event and a silver medal position behind Germany's Thomas Lurz in the 5-kilometer event. Peterson was jointly awarded the inaugural Open Water Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World magazine with Lurz.  Peterson also earned a gold medal in the 1500 meter freestyle at the 2005 Summer Nationals in Irvine, California. Peterson won gold in the men's 1500 meter freestyle as well as a silver in the men's 10K open water swim at the 2007 Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At the 2010 ACC Swimming and Diving Championships Peterson won the 1650yd freestyle in a time of 14:49.36, fourth in the 500 yard freestyle with a time of 4:20.23. At the 2010 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships Peterson competed in the 1650, 500, and 200 yard freestyles placing 13th in the 1650 free and 14th in the 500 fr

Personal

Peterson attended the University of North Carolina, where he swam for the North Carolina Tar Heels swimming and diving team.  During his freshman year, he set the Tar Heels team records in three events: the 500-, 1000-, and 1650-yard freestyle.  At the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championships, Peterson placed second in the 1650-yard freestyle and fifth in the 500-yard freestyle.  He was the subject of a feature story that ran in The Daily Tar Heel during the year.

Peterson's father, Pete, is a professor of Marine Sciences at UNC.  He was named the 2010 ACC Men's Swimming and Diving Scholar-Athlete of the Year.

External links
 Chip Peterson's bio on UNC's website
 North Carolina's Chip Peterson Named 2010 ACC Men's Swimming & Diving Scholar-Athlete of the Year

Living people
1987 births
American long-distance swimmers
American male freestyle swimmers
Male long-distance swimmers
People from Morehead City, North Carolina
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2015 Pan American Games
World Aquatics Championships medalists in open water swimming
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
20th-century American people
21st-century American people
Robert 'Dolly' Dunn


Robert Joseph 'Dolly' Dunn (30 January 1941 – 11 July 2009) was an Australian convicted child molester. He was a school teacher by profession, working for the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious order.

Dunn taught science at Marist Catholic College Penshurst from 1971 to 1987. 

He began a 20-year jail sentence in 2001 for 24 sexual offences occurring between 1985 and 1995.

In 1996, a Royal Commission chaired by Justice James Woods was shown home videos and photographs from Dunn's collection, which included many images of child sex abuse, usually featuring Dunn himself as the perpetrator. Dunn fled the country, but was later found in Honduras after being tracked down by Australia's 60 Minutes program. Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright authorised his extradition back to Australia after he was deported from Honduras to the United States.

Dunn had a long history of abusing boys between the ages of seven and fifteen years old, often videotaping them. Usually, he would offer them money and marijuana in exchange for anal sex. From jail, he repeatedly made written and verbal statements to the effect that he saw nothing wrong with sex between a man and a boy. He previously spent time in Indonesia and the Netherlands. Dunn taught at Penshurst Marist with Bill ' Jedda ' Allen and Greg Hammond, fellow Science Teachers and fellow Paedophiles.

He was a friend and accomplice of Australian diplomat William Stuart Brown, another convicted child molester.

Health issues
In 2004 after suffering from angina Dunn underwent coronary bypass surgery. Believed to be at high risk of retaliation from other prisoners, he was isolated from the main prison population. Dunn died on 11 July 2009, aged 68, from multiple organ failure. He would not have been eligible for parole until 9 November 2015.

See also
 List of Australian criminals

References

External links
Sydney Morning Herald
MAKO
Connection to William Brown
Franca Arena's question in the NSW Parliament

1940s births
2009 deaths
20th-century Australian criminals
21st-century Australian criminals
Australian people convicted of child sexual abuse
Australian people who died in prison custody
Australian rapists
Australian schoolteachers
Date of birth missing
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Drug dealers
Place of birth missing
Prisoners who died in New South Wales detention
Crime in Oceania
Sexual violence in Oceania
Corobicí River

The Corobicí River, or the Rio Corobicí, in Costa Rica is a tributary of the Tempisque River. Originating from the southern slopes of the Tenorio Volcano in the Guanacaste Mountains, the river flows southerly, descending through tropical dry forest and pastures before joining the Tenorio River which winds its way to the Bebedero River and the Tempisque among the  mangroves.

Rafting is a tourist attraction on the Corobicí.

Rivers of Costa Rica
Robert Dunn (novelist)

Robert Dunn (born November 16, 1950) is the author of seven musical novels, Pink Cadillac (2001), Cutting Time (2003), Soul Cavalcade (2005), Meet the Annas (2007), Look at Flower (2011), Stations of the Cross: A Musical Novel of Obsession (2013), and Savage Joy (2017). The novels are published under Dunn's own independent publishing company, Coral Press, located in New York City. His novel The Sting Rays is available online at Electron Press.

Dunn has won an O. Henry Prize for his short story "Hopeless Acts Performed Properly, With Grace." He has also written for The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The New York Times Book Review, The Sewanee Review, Omni Magazine, the Mississippi Review, and Mother Jones.

He was born in Santa Monica, Calif., and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. From 1976 to '82, he was on the editorial staff of The New Yorker magazine. In 1982, he spent a residency at the artists' colony Yaddo. For the final three years of the novelist Bernard Malamud's life (1983–86) Dunn was his literary assistant.

Dunn currently teaches fiction writing and a course in photobooks at The New School in New York City and has taught at Dickinson College in the past. At The New School, he taught the first on-line fiction writing class at any accredited institution, through their innovative Dial Program, and set the model for classes that followed. In 2016, he taught the first photobook course at the University. His musical group, Thin Wild Mercury, played often in NYC and was a regular act at CBGB before its closing. Additionally, Dunn worked for years as a copyreader at Sports Illustrated.

In 2012, Dunn published his first photobook, OWS, now in the permanent library collection of the New York Public Library. A photo from OWS was in an International Center of Photography show in 2014. More recent photobooks include his Angel Parade series, now up to volume 16 (2012 to present), Meeting Robert Frank (2013), New York Street, A Carnival of Souls, I Shall Be Free #7, Electrick Spirits, and Purloined Souls. Many of Dunn's photobooks are also in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art and the International Center of Photography libraries.''

References

External links
 
Ecstaticlightphoto.com

Living people
1950 births
21st-century American novelists
The New School faculty
American magazine editors
University of California, Berkeley alumni
American male novelists
American male short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
Driving cap

A driving cap is a special type of pipe cap used to provide a striking surface for a hammer while simultaneously protecting the end of the pipe from deformation.  A driving cap is made of much thicker or more durable material than a standard pipe cap and is always removed once installation is complete.

Driving caps serve no function in the operation of a pipe and may even be incapable of doing so.  This is because the driving cap is cast from a material selected for its strength and not its corrosion resistance.  Thus replacement of the driving cap with a different fitting becomes necessary to prevent failures in materials handling pipe.  Also, driving caps are not attractive in appearance, which is detrimental in residential and ornamental applications.

Plumbing
Mountain robin

The mountain robin (Petroica bivittata), also known as subalpine robin, alpine robin or  cloud-forest robin, is a species of bird in the family Petroicidae. It is found sparsely throughout the New Guinea Highlands.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subalpine shrubland.  The robin eats insects, caught in flight.

Two subspecies have been noted, Petroica bivittata bivittata and Petroica bivittata caudata.

References

mountain robin
Birds of the New Guinea Highlands
Endemic fauna of New Guinea
mountain robin
mountain robin
Mountain thrush

The mountain thrush (Turdus plebejus) is a large thrush which is found in Central America. It was formerly known as the mountain robin. Some authorities refer to it as the American mountain thrush to differentiate it from the Abyssinian thrush (Turdus abyssinicus), known in their taxonomy as the African mountain thrush.

Description
The mountain thrush resembles other Turdus thrushes in general appearance and habits. It is  long and weighs  on average. The adult is uniformly dull olive-brown with faint white streaks on the throat. The bill is black and the legs are dark brown. The juvenile resembles the adult, but has buff or orange streaks on the head and upperparts, and dark spotting on the underparts. Two superficially similar relatives share this species range: the sooty thrush is blacker with an orange bill, eye ring and legs, and the clay-colored thrush is much paler and yellow-billed.

There are three poorly defined subspecies:
 T. p. plebejus — Cabanis, 1861 — nominate, found in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama, described above
 T. p. differens — (Nelson, 1901) — found from the Pacific slope of Mexico to Caribbean Guatemala is more olive above, and more olive brown and less grey below
 T. p. rafaelensis — Miller, W & Griscom, 1925 — found in the highlands from Honduras to northwestern Nicaragua is intermediate between the northern and southern subspecies above, and is often merged with differens

Distribution and habitat
This is a bird of tall mountain forests and adjacent more open areas and woodland edge which breeds in highlands from southern Mexico to western Panama. Its preference is for oak with many epiphytes and mosses, normally from  altitude to the timberline. It descends in flocks as low as  in the wet season.

Behaviour
The mountain thrush behaves like other thrushes. It forages on large branches or on the ground, in flocks when not breeding, progressing in hops and dashes with frequent stops. It turns leaf litter seeking small fruits, insects and spiders.

Breeding
It builds a grass or rootlet-lined large cup nest, concealed amongst epiphytes,  above the ground on a tree branch. The female lays 2–3 unmarked greenish-blue eggs between March and June. The breeding season song is an unthrushlike mechanical monotone chip chip cher chip chip cher cher, and the call is a high seee or whip.

References

External links

 
 
 
 

mountain thrush
mountain thrush
Birds of Mexico
Birds of Guatemala
Birds of Honduras
Birds of Costa Rica
mountain thrush
Fruit by the Foot

Fruit by the Foot is a fruit snack made by General Mills and distributed under the Betty Crocker brand. It was introduced in 1992 in North America. It is still in production.

Ingredients
Fruit by the Foot's primary ingredients are sugar, maltodextrin, corn syrup, pear puree concentrate, and palm oil. Its primary flavors used to be derived from artificial colors and flavors, however, they have switched to pear juice and fruit colors in recent years.

Promotions

The paper backing is occasionally printed with games, jokes, or trivia facts. In the early 1990s, Fruit by the Foot came with stickers as a marketing prize. Children would often place these stickers on their lunch boxes to prove they had eaten Fruit by the Foot.

In early 1999, Nintendo and General Mills worked together on a promotional television advertising campaign costing $5 million. The advertisement by Saatchi began on January 25 with Fruit by the Foot snacks including tips on various Nintendo 64 games on the wax paper. Ninety different tips were available, with three variations of thirty tips each.

See also
Fruit Roll-Ups, a similar product

References

Brand name confectionery
Brand name snack foods
General Mills brands
Products introduced in 1991
USNS Mission Santa Clara

SS Mission Santa Clara was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS Mission Santa Clara (AO-132). Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission Santa Clara (T-AO-132). She was a  and was named for Mission Santa Clara de Asís in Santa Clara, California.

Career 
Mission Santa Clara was laid down 15 March 1944 under a Maritime Commission contract by Marine Ship Corporation, Sausalito, California; launched 18 May 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Donald E. Reed; and delivered 21 June 1944. Chartered to Los Angeles Tanker Operators, Inc. for operations, she spent the remainder of the War carrying fuel to Allied forces in the western Pacific. She remained in this capacity until 8 April 1946 when she was returned to the Maritime Commission and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Mobile, Alabama. 

Acquired by the Navy 5 November 1947 she was chartered to Pacific Tankers, Inc. for operations and placed under the operational control of the Naval Transportation Service as Mission Santa Clara (AO-132). Taken over by the Military Sea Transportation Service 1 October 1949 and designated USNS Mission Santa Clara (T-AO-132), she served until 25 June 1959 when she was transferred to the Maritime Administration and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California. 

Reacquired by the Navy 30 November 1959 she was placed in service with MSTS and chartered to Mathiasens Tanker Industries, Inc. for operations. However, she served less than a month for on 22 December 1959 she was transferred to MARAD and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1961. Reacquired by the Navy 10 May 1962 the Mission Santa Clara was converted to an underway replenishment oiler. Upon completion of the conversion she was transferred to Pakistan on 17 January 1963.

During her active military service she was awarded the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Service Medal (four times), the United Nations Service Medal and the Republic of Korea War Service Medal (retroactively).

Pakistan service

On completion of her conversion she was transferred to Pakistan and commissioned  as PNS Dacca (A-41). Into 1969, she continued to serve the Pakistani Navy.

Dacca was damaged beyond repair on Operation Python conducted by the Indian Navy on 8/9 December 1971.

References

 
 

 

Type T2-SE-A2 tankers
Ships built in Sausalito, California
1944 ships
World War II tankers of the United States
Santa Clara
Type T2-SE-A2 tankers of the United States Navy
Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Pakistan Navy
Tankers of the Pakistan Navy
Amoeba proteus

Amoeba proteus is a large species of amoeba closely related to another genus of giant amoebae, Chaos. As such, the species is sometimes given the alternative scientific name Chaos diffluens.

This protozoan uses extensions called pseudopodia to move and to eat smaller unicellular organisms. Food is enveloped inside the cell's cytoplasm in a food vacuole, where ingested matter is slowly broken down by enzymes. A. proteus inhabits freshwater environments and feeds on protozoans, algae, rotifers, and even other smaller amoebae. They are colorless, but they may have colored inclusions derived from their food.

A. proteus possesses a thick-walled nucleus containing granular chromatin, and is therefore a eukaryote. Its membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer similar to other eukaryotic organisms.

History
The first description of this amoeba is probably that of August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof who, in 1755, published drawings of an amoeboid protozoan he called the "little Proteus". Subsequently, various authors assigned Rösel's organism and other amoeboid protozoa various names: Carl Linnaeus termed Rösel's organism Chaos protheus in 1758. Otto Friedrich Müller referred to it as Proteus diffluens in 1786. In 1878, Joseph Leidy proposed the current name Amoeba proteus to describe Rösel's Proteus, Proteus diffluens, and another described amoeba Amoeba princeps.

Reproduction

Although Amoeba proteus has most of the key proteins associated with sexual processes (as do other amoebae), no evidence of meiosis or sexual activity has been reported.

Video gallery

See also
Amoeba
Amoebiasis

References

Tubulinea
Articles containing video clips
Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
Taxa named by Joseph Leidy
Mann Darius Tackitt

Mann Darius Tackitt (Tackett) and his  brother Pleasant Tackitt moved to Parker County, Texas, in 1854, and for a few years lived about 12 miles north of Weatherford, Texas. During 1858, they moved to Jack County, Texas, and settled on Boone's Creek, in the southwestern part of the county.

On October 26, 1863, during the early afternoon, J. H. Tackitt, a son of Mann Tackitt, went out in a southwesterly direction in search of stock. Shortly afterwards, his father, who was armed with a double-barreled gun, went north for the same purpose. Tackitt's gun was loaded with a ball on one side, and buck shot on the other. He was also armed with a pistol. When he had gone only about onea mile from his home, he found himself surrounded by 15 or 20 savage Indians. At first, he made an attempt to run home, but since his best horses had been stolen by the Indians, the Indians soon overtook him. Tackitt then dismounted to sell his life as dearly as possible, at a point within one-half mile of his own residence. He fought the warriors away for some time, as was shown by the circular trail some distance from the tree, behind which Tackitt, perhaps, held the Indians at bay until he discharged all of his loads, for seven or eight shots were heard at the residence.

When J.H. Tackett reached home, he was informed of the firing, and heard some of the shots himself. As a consequence,  a younger brother, Caleb, and he went out in search of their father, and it seems that Caleb, previous to this, had made an attempt to offer his father some assistance, but realized that it was of no avail, for the Indians were still on the ground. 

In a short time, J.H. and Caleb Tackett reached their father, who was already dead, stripped of a part of his clothing, but not scalped. His guns were gone, and many arrows were in the tree by which he stood, on the ground, and in his body. The boys hurried to the ranch for a wagon, notified the neighbors and arranged for a coffin to be made at Veal's Station, where he was buried.

A posse of citizens followed the Indian trail, and after going for, perhaps, half a mile, they found a dead savage, and indications disclosed others were wounded. The dead Indian was dragged to the Tackett ranch and stood against a tree some distance from the residence.

Many years after the death of Mann Tackitt, the metal part of his old double-barrelled gun was found a short distance from where the fight occurred.

References

Tackitt, Mann
Jack County, Texas
Badbury Hill

Badbury Hill is a hill in the civil parish of Great Coxwell near Faringdon in the English county of Oxfordshire. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire.

The summit of the hill is the site of an Iron Age hill fort known as Badbury Camp.  It is roughly circular in shape, most of which was levelled early in the 19th century.  It has been suggested as a possible site of the 5th or 6th century Battle of Mons Badonicus, where King Arthur defeated the Anglo-Saxons.  It is now a wooded area, known locally as Badbury Clump, of roughly nine acres, swathed in bluebells in May and is a well-frequented local recreation area, for walkers and dog-owners.  It is now in the care of the National Trust.

It is also frequented by mountain boarders and bikers who use the downhill course built into the side of the hill.  This is maintained and improved by local mountain-board club MEBA with the permission of the Forestry Commission.

Location 
Badbury Hill is located at , to the west of Faringdon in Oxfordshire, above the village of Great Coxwell.  It overlooks the Vale of White Horse to the south and the Thames Valley to the north.

References

External links 

 The National Trust: Badbury Hill

Hill forts in Berkshire
National Trust properties in Oxfordshire
Vale of White Horse
NAG Numerical Library

The NAG Numerical Library is a software product developed and sold by The Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd. It is a software library of numerical analysis routines, containing more than 1,900 mathematical and statistical algorithms.  Areas covered by the library include linear algebra, optimization, quadrature, the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations, regression analysis, and time series analysis.

Users of the NAG Library call its routines from within their applications in order to incorporate its mathematical or statistical functionality and to solve numerical problems - for example, finding the minimum or maximum of a function, fitting a curve or surface to data, or solving a differential equation. The NAG Library  can be accessed from a variety of languages and environments such as C/C++, Fortran, Python, AD, MATLAB, Java  and .NET. The main supported systems are currently Windows, Linux and macOS running on x86-64 architectures; 32-bit Windows support is being phased out. Some NAG mathematical optimization solvers are accessible via the optimization modelling suite.

History 
The original version of the NAG Library was written in Algol 60 and Fortran.  It contained 98 user-callable routines, and was released for the ICL 1906A and 1906S machines on October 1, 1971.  Three further Marks of the library appeared in the following five years; during this time the Algol version was ported to Algol 68, with the following platforms being supported: CDC 7600/CYBER (CDC ALGOL 68), IBM 360/370/AMDAHL (FLACC ALGOL 68), ICL 1900 (ALGOL 68R), ICL 1906A/S (ALGOL 68R), ICL 2900 (ALGOL 68RS) and Telefunken TR440 (ALGOL 68C).

The first partially vectorized implementation of the NAG Fortran Library for the Cray-1 was released in 1983, while the first release of the NAG Parallel Library (which was specially designed for distributed memory parallel computer architectures) was in the early 1990s.  Mark 1 of the NAG C Library was released in 1990.  In 1992, the Library incorporated LAPACK routines for the first time; NAG had been a collaborator in the LAPACK project since 1987.  The first release of the NAG Library for SMP & Multicore, which takes advantage of the shared memory parallelism of Symmetric Multi-Processors (SMP) and multicore processors, appeared in 1997 for multiprocessor machines built using the Dec Alpha and SPARC architectures. The NAG Library for .NET, which is a CLI DLL assembly containing methods and objects that give Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) users access to NAG algorithms, was first released in 2010.

Current version 
Mark 29 of the NAG Library includes mathematical and statistical algorithms organised into chapters.

See also 
List of numerical-analysis software
List of numerical libraries

References

External links 
The NAG Library

History of computing in the United Kingdom
Numerical libraries
Science and technology in Oxfordshire
Post pounder

A post pounder, post driver, post rammer, post knocker or fence driver is a tool used for driving fence posts and similar items into land surfaces.  It consists of a heavy steel pipe which is closed at one end and has handles welded onto the sides.  It is normally used by one person, but larger versions may require two.

History
An early type was developed in 1933 by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to aid the installation of fencing along roads and highways.

Operation
The open end is put over the top of the post to be driven, then the tool is lifted and dropped repeatedly onto the top of the post.  The closed end strikes the top of the post, driving it into the ground.  Unlike a maul it can be used easily on tall posts, such as those used for deer fencing.  Because the tube guides the striking force consistently in line with the post and strikes it across its full width, a post pounder usually damages the top of the post less than a maul.  It is not suitable for posts which will be shorter than the length of the tool, or for posts which do not fit easily into the tube because of bulges or curves, or their over-large diameter.  The tool is difficult to use on slanting posts.

The post pounder can also be used to remove t-posts. To do so, put the closed end of the post pounder on the ground about 6 inches from the t-post. It should be on the side of the post with the knobs. Push back on the t-post away from the pounder, then push the top of the pounder so the rim sets beneath the lowest knob possible on the t-post. With the pounder lodged beneath the t-post knob, pull the t-post back to the starting position and it will lift up a few inches. Repeat process until t-post can be removed.

Safety and Precautions
Single-person post pounders tend to be around , but weight varies with model types.  The diameter depends on the size of the post to be pounded.  They can be dangerous to handle, especially if the lower edge of the pounder catches on the top of the post, when it can pivot towards the user and strike them on the head.

Hearing protection and a hard hat are often recommended.

See also 
 Steel fence post

References

Farming tools
Fences
Gardening tools
Tools
Tenorio River

The Tenorio River in Costa Rica rises near the Tenorio Volcano where it becomes a fast moving river, with some areas of rapids popular for white-water rafting and flows to join the Corobicí River.

Rivers of Costa Rica