alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Kinesis (biology)

Kinesis, like a taxis or tropism, is a movement or activity of a cell or an organism in response to a stimulus (such as gas exposure, light intensity or ambient temperature).

Unlike taxis, the response to the stimulus provided is non-directional. The animal does not move toward or away from the stimulus but moves at either a slow or fast rate depending on its "comfort zone." In this case, a fast movement (non-random) means that the animal is searching for its comfort zone while a slow movement indicates that it has found it.

Types
There are two main types of kineses, both resulting in aggregations. However, the stimulus does not act to attract or repel individuals.

Orthokinesis: in which the speed of movement of the individual is dependent upon the stimulus intensity. For example, the locomotion of the collembola, Orchesella cincta, in relation to water. With increased water saturation in the soil there is an increase in the direction of its movement towards the aimed place.

Klinokinesis: in which the frequency or rate of turning is proportional to stimulus intensity. For example the behaviour of the flatworm (Dendrocoelum lacteum) which turns more frequently in response to increasing light thus ensuring that it spends more time in dark areas.

Basic model of kinesis

The kinesis strategy controlled by the locally and instantly evaluated well-being (fitness) can be described in simple words: Animals stay longer in good conditions and leave bad conditions more quickly. If the well-being is measured by the local reproduction coefficient then the minimal reaction-diffusion model of kinesis can be written as follows:

For each population in the biological community,

where:
 is the population density of  ith species,
 represents the abiotic characteristics of the living conditions (can be multidimensional),
 is the reproduction coefficient, which depends on all  and on  s,
 is the equilibrium diffusion coefficient (defined for equilibrium ). The coefficient   characterises dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the reproduction coefficient.

The models of kinesis were tested with typical situations. It was demonstrated that kinesis is beneficial for assimilation of both patches and fluctuations of food distribution. Kinesis may delay invasion and spreading of species with the Allee effect.

See also
 Brownian motion
 Chemokinesis
 Cranial kinesis
 Cytokinesis
 Diffusion
 Nastic movements
 Photokinesis
 Rapid plant movement

References

Kendeigh, S. Charles. 1961. Animal Ecology. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 468 p.

External links 
 
 Host-plant finding by insects: orientation, sensory input and search patterns 

Physiology
Perception
Signal transduction
Anne Tenney

Anne Tenney (born 1954) is an Australian film, television and theatre actress, perhaps best known for her soap  opera roles as Melissa "Molly" Jones in the television drama A Country Practice, Liz Taylor in Always Greener and Sal Kerrigan opposite Michael Caton in the major hit film The Castle.

Tenney started her career in guest roles in several Australian drama series, before joining the cast of A Country Practice in 1981. She left the show in 1985.  

She was then to have roles in Police Rescue, Brides of Christ, E Street, Water Rats, Always Greener, All Saints,  headLand and Packed to the Rafters

Filmography

Films

Television

Awards
In 1985, Tenney won the 'Most Popular Lead Actress' award at the Logies for her role as Melissa 'Molly Jones' in A Country Practice. Tenney went on to win 'NSW Most Popular Female' and 'Most Popular Australian Actress' in 1986 for the same role.

Personal
Tenney grew up in Sydney, Australia, graduating from Acting at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1979. She is married to actor Shane Withington, who played her on screen husband Brenden Jones on A Country Practice.

References

External links
 

1954 births
Australian television actresses
Australian film actresses
Living people
Logie Award winners
Actresses from Sydney
Yí River

The Yí River (Spanish, Río Yí) is a river in Uruguay. The Yí and the Tacuarembó Rivers are the principal tributaries of the Río Negro.

Geography
The Yí River originates in the Cuchilla Grande highlands. It flows generally west through central Uruguay to the Río Negro.

Various other rivers, including the Porongos River and Chamangá River, are tributaries of the Yí River.

Departmental boundaries
The Yí forms much of the boundary between Durazno Department and Florida Department.

Subsequently, it forms part of the boundary between Durazno Department and Flores Department, where the Chamangá River its tributary.

See also
 Geography of Uruguay#Topography and hydrography
 Porongos River#Fluvial system
 Chamangá River#Fluvial system

References

Rivers of Uruguay
Tributaries of the Uruguay River
Rivers of Durazno Department
Rivers of Florida Department
Rivers of Flores Department
Reincarnation (William C. Woxlin album)

Reincarnation is a William C. Woxlin album released in 2006. It was meant to be released on January 21 but was pushed forward to 29th. But after a press message William C. Woxlin said: "Since I like my music to be perfect I had to make some new tracks and take away some old".

On the question about the release date William answered: "Maybe... tomorrow, maybe next month or maybe this summer"

It was later released in April.

Track listing
 "Post Inferno Voices" – 4:20
 "Relinquish" – 3:06
 "Quiescent" – 5:04
 "The Qualm Before the Day of Retribution" – 3:52
 "Inscrutable Inhumation of the Apocalypse" – 4:48
 "Siberia" – 2:51
 "Path of Our Hearse" – 3:40
 "Hugeness of the Metamorphosis" – 4:26
 "Misinterpretion of Death" – 3:49
 "The Parricide" – 3:52
 "Voice of Respiration" – 3:00
 "Post Inferno" – 12:19

2006 albums
William C. Woxlin albums
Potica

Slovenian potica () is a traditional festive pastry from Slovenia.

The word potica as well as some regional names for potica, like povtica, potvica, etc. are descended from the word povitica. Povitica is derived from the verb 'poviti', which means to wrap in or to envelop, and it signifies a type of pastry that you roll. This type of dessert is common in many Eastern European countries as well as in regions bordering Slovenia, for example, in Friuli in neighboring Italy, they prepare a sweet bread called gubana, in Austria, a roll called Kärntner Reinling.

Varieties
Slovenian potica consists of a rolled pastry made of leavened paper-thin dough filled with any of a great variety of fillings, but most often with walnut filling.

The most characteristic Slovenian poticas are made with ground walnut, tarragon, quark, hazelnut or poppy seed, salted ones even with cracklings or bacon, and other fillings. Slovenian potica is a festive pastry and could be baked in two ways: in the oven or directly on the hearth, but original Slovenska potica is a ring-shaped pastry, baked always in the special shaped potica baking mould (ceramic, glass or tin one), called potičnik, which has a conical protrusion in the middle. 

Potica is served also every Easter and Christmas in Slovenia and is still very popular even in some parts of the United States. For example, potica is a popular offering at many local bakeries in Hibbing, Minnesota based on recipes handed down for generations in the immigrant community.

Protection regime
Slovenska potica has been registered as a Traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) in the European Union since April 2021.

See also

 Belokranjska povitica

References

Pastries with poppy seeds
Slovenian pastries
Traditional Speciality Guaranteed products from Slovenia
Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo

Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo is a 1937 American mystery film directed by Eugene Forde and starring Warner Oland, Keye Luke and Virginia Field. The main character is Charlie Chan, a Chinese-Hawaiian detective. This was the sixteenth and final Charlie Chan film with Oland portraying Chan. The film features Keye Luke as Charlie's son Lee and character actor Harold Huber as a French police inspector. It was produced and distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Warner Oland contracted bronchial pneumonia during his visit to Sweden and died there on August 6, 1938, at age 57. The series continued at Fox for another eleven entries with Sidney Toler. In 1942 Fox sold it to Monogram Pictures, and it continued on even after Toler's death in 1947 with Roland Winters in the role through six films into 1949. Keye Luke would also reprise his role as Lee Chan from the film in Mr. Moto's Gamble (1938), a film originally produced to be a Charlie Chan film prior to Oland's death.

Plot summary
Although Charlie and Lee are in Monaco for an art exhibit, they become caught up in a feud between rival financiers which involves the Chans in a web of blackmail and murder. The messenger for millionaire Victor Karnoff is ambushed and murdered, and $200,000.00 worth of bonds are missing. The taxicab of the two Chans passes the crime scene, and they become involved, with the blessing of the local law Chief Joubert(Huber).

Later on, a bartender who was apparently attempting to blackmail the killer is also murdered, and the bonds found in his room. But Chan notices that in order to make certain the bonds were discovered, their briefcase had been opened with a special key that very few people had access to, and the bartender was not one of them.

Back at the Karnoff mansion, Chan exposes the killer, who had been embezzling in order to keep femme' fate Evelyn Grey (Field) in the style to which she had become accustomed.

Cast 
 Warner Oland as Charlie Chan
 Keye Luke as Lee Chan
 Virginia Field as Evelyn Grey
 Sidney Blackmer as Victor Karnoff
 Harold Huber as Chief of Police Jules Etienne Joubert
 Kay Linaker as Joan Karnoff
 Robert Kent as Gordon Chase
 Edward Raquello as Paul Savarin
 George Lynn as Al Rogers
 John Bleifer as Ludwig
 Eugene Borden as Hotel Clerk (uncredited) 
 Leo White as French Butler (uncredited)

References

Bibliography
 Backer, Ron. Mystery Movie Series of 1930s Hollywood. McFarland, 2012.

External links
 
 
 
 
 

1930s crime films
American black-and-white films
American crime films
Charlie Chan films
1930s English-language films
Films set in Monaco
Films directed by Eugene Forde
20th Century Fox films
Films scored by Samuel Kaylin
1930s American films
Babb Creek

Babb Creek is a  tributary of Pine Creek in Pennsylvania in the United States.

The tributary Stony Fork Creek joins Babb Creek just upstream of the community of Blackwell, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) upstream of Pine Creek.

Babb Creek joins Pine Creek at the community of Blackwell in Tioga County.

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Tributaries of Pine Creek (Pennsylvania)
La campana sommersa

(The Sunken Bell) is an opera in four acts by Italian composer Ottorino Respighi. Its libretto is by Claudio Guastalla, based on the play Die versunkene Glocke by German author Gerhart Hauptmann. The opera's premiere was on 18 November 1927 in Hamburg, Germany. Respighi's regular publisher, Ricordi, was displeased by his choice of subject, and refused to publish the opera. This led to its being published by the German publisher Bote & Bock, and a German premiere.

The fairy-tale world of Hauptmann's play inspired Respighi to create his most lavishly and imaginatively orchestrated operatic score, which frequently reminds the listener of his famous symphonic poems. Since the opera's anti-hero Enrico is a bell maker, Respighi fills the music with many chiming and ringing effects.

Roles

Instrumentation
La campana sommersa is scored for the following instruments:

3 flutes (3 doubling on piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 2 tenor trombones, bass trombone, bass tuba, timpani, bass drum, handbells, cymbals, tam-tam, triangle, Basque drum, xylophone, anvils and drum sticks, harp, celesta, organ, bell, strings.

Synopsis

Act 1
Enrico, a bell maker, has built a bell for a new church, but the Faun has thrown it to the bottom of a lake. Enrico falls into despair. Overwhelmed with compassion, Rautendelein, an elf, decides to enter the human world. The water spirit Ondino tries in vain to dissuade her.

Act 2
Enrico is overwhelmed by the misfortune, and his wife Magda worries that he would never work again. Rautendelein, in the form of a little girl believed to be dumb, is introduced to the family by a priest to help Magda. Her presence manages to magically bring back Enrico's strength and vigor.

Act 3
Enrico and Rautendelein fall in love. Enrico abandons Magda, and even intends to found a new religion, for which he is designing a temple. In vain the priest tries to dissuade him: "It is easier that the bell submerged at the bottom of the lake rings", replies Enrico. Magda, distraught, kills herself by jumping into the lake. As his children announce the tragedy, the tolling of the bell from underwater is heard. Enrico, horrified, abandons Rautendelein.

Act 4
Rautendelein has now become the wife of Ondino. Enrico, close to death, meets a witch who grants his wish to see Rautendelein for a final time. She appears to him "as white as the Angel of Death". At first, she pretends not to recognize him, then answering to his pleas, kisses him gently as he dies.

Recordings

References

External links

Operas
Italian-language operas
1927 operas
Operas by Ottorino Respighi
Operas based on plays
List of mangrove ecoregions

This is a list of mangrove ecoregions ordered according to whether they lie in the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indomalayan, or Neotropical realms of the world. Mangrove estuaries such as those found in the Sundarbans of southwestern Bangladesh are rich productive ecosystems which serve as spawning grounds and nurseries for shrimp, crabs, and many fish species, a richness which is lost if the area is cleared and converted to ponds for shrimp farming or rice paddies.

Afrotropical

Australasian

Indomalayan

Nearctic

Neotropical

See also 
 Mangrove
 Ecoregion

Notes
Ghazi Khan

Ghazi Khan Mirrani (Urdu: ) was a mercenary of Dodai tribe who moved to Multan in the late 15th century at the behest of the Langah Sultanate. He was accompanied by his sons, Ghazi Khan, Fatih Khan and Ismail Khan.

The Derajat had its existence as an historical area to the Baloch immigration in the fifteenth century. Sultan Husain, the Langah dynasty's Sultan of Multan, being unable to hold his trans-Indus possessions, called in Baloch mercenaries, and assigned these territories to Haji Khan.

Tomb of Ghazi Khan

The tomb of Ghazi Khan, locally called as handeera in Balochi was built in the beginning of 15th century. This seems like the tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam in Multan. It is located in the Mulla Quaid Shah Graveyard. Its main gate is from eastern side and two small doors are in side of north and south. Every side of the tomb is  from inside and there are conical minarets from the outside. Its circular distance from the earth is . The half diameter of the conical minarets remains  on the highest of . There are 28 ladders from northern side in the internal side. The graveyard was built up around the tomb of Ghazi Khan. This is the oldest building in the city. The tomb condition is continuously deteriorating and many social activists are raising voice to preserve this heritage.

List of places after his name
 Dera Ghazi Khan, a city in Pakistan
 Ghazi Ghat, a village in Muzaffargarh, Pakistan

List of institutions after his name
 Ghazi University
 Ghazi Khan Medical College

List of companies and organizations after his name
 Al-Ghazi Tractors
 Ghazi Textile Mills
 DG cement factory Ltd

See also 
 Mirani dynasty
 Dera Ghazi Khan
 Derajat
 Dodai tribe
 Mian (tribe)

References

Baloch people
City founders
People from Dera Ghazi Khan District
Dr. Chapman

Dr. Chapman may refer to:

 Dr. Allan Chapman (born 1946), British historian
 Dr. Philip K. Chapman (1935–2021), Australian-born American astronaut
 Dr. Steve Chapman (born 1959), British university principal
Eremanthus

Eremanthus is a genus of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.  Species occur in Brazil and Bolivia.

Eremanthus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Dalcera abrasa which has been recorded on E. glomerulatus.

Species
Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of March 2023: 

Eremanthus arboreus 
Eremanthus argenteus 
Eremanthus auriculatus 
Eremanthus brasiliensis 
Eremanthus brevifolius 
Eremanthus capitatus 
Eremanthus cinctus 
Eremanthus crotonoides 
Eremanthus elaeagnus 
Eremanthus erythropappus 
Eremanthus glomerulatus 
Eremanthus goyazensis 
Eremanthus hatschbachii 
Eremanthus incanus 
Eremanthus mattogrossensis 
Eremanthus mollis 
Eremanthus ovatifolius 
Eremanthus polycephalus 
Eremanthus praetermissus 
Eremanthus reticulatus 
Eremanthus rondoniensis 
Eremanthus syncephalus 
Eremanthus uniflorus 
Eremanthus veadeiroensis

References

External links
 Sakamoto, H. T., et al. (2005) Quantitative HPLC analysis of sesquiterpene lactones and determination of chemotypes in Eremanthus seidelii MacLeish & Schumacher (Asteraceae). J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 16(6b) 1396-1401 accessed 27 March 2006

Asteraceae genera
Vernonieae
A Todo Rock

A Todo Rock is Menudo's thirteenth album in Spanish.  It features Ricky Meléndez, Johnny Lozada, Charlie Massó, and new members Ray Reyes, who replaced Xavier Serbiá after Xavier reached the age limit and Roy Rosselló, who  replaced Miguel Cancel after Miguel decided to quit the group. This was the first time that a member decided to leave before his time was due. According to an interview made in 1998, Miguel was unhappy that he was not able to sing his songs after a sudden voice change and opted to leave before his scheduled departure, thus being replaced by Roy. This is the last album that Johnny Lozada recorded as a member of the group.
Robby Rosa (also known as Draco Rosa), sang in this album but was not credited for it. He later would become part of Menudo. The album was the first Menudo's album to sell over 1 million copies worldwide.

Track listing

 Side A.

 "Indianápolis". (Alejandro Monroy, Carlos Villa). - 03:35 - Singer: Charlie Massó.
 "Piel De Manzana". (Edgardo Díaz, A. Monroy, M. Pagan, C. Villa). - 03:33 - Singer : Charlie Massó
 "Chicle De Amor". (A. Monroy, C. Villa). - 02:43 - Singer: Ray Reyes
 "Una Buena Razón". (Díaz, Monroy, Villa). - 02:42 - Singer: Johnny Lozada
 "Todo Va Bien".  (A. Monroy, C. Villa). - 03:11 - Singer: Charlie Massó

 Side B.

 "Si Tú No Estás". (Díaz, Monroy, Villa). - 04:28 - Singer: Ray Reyes
 "Amor En Bicicleta". (Díaz, Monroy, Villa). - 03:36 - Singer : Ricky Meléndez
 "Zumbador". (A. Monroy, C. Villa). - 03:12 - Singer: Ray Reyes
 "Ladrón De Amor". (Monroy, Villa). - 02:06 - Singer: Johnny Lozada
 "No Te Reprimas". (Díaz, Monroy, Villa). - 03:01 - Singer: Charlie Massó

References

Menudo (band) albums
1983 albums
To Sell a War

To Sell a War is a documentary film, first aired in December 1992 as part of CBC programme The Fifth Estate. The programme was directed and produced by Neil Docherty.

It chronicles the Citizens for a Free Kuwait campaign efforts to spin public relations sentiment in the United States in favor of the Gulf War, focusing on the story of Nurse Nayirah, who was, in fact, Nayirah al-Sabah, the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the United States Saud Nasir Al-Sabah. Her infamous testimony about Iraqi soldiers removing babies from incubators, which was widely disseminated,  was a result of coaching by PR firm Hill & Knowlton.

Awards
1993 – American Film and Video Festival - Blue Ribbon
1993 – Canadian Association of Journalists Awards for Investigative Reporting - CAJ Award - Network Television Category
1993 – The New York Festivals - Bronze Medal
1992 – Columbus International Film and Video Festival - Chris Award
1992 – Columbus International Film and Video Festival - Bronze Plaque
1992 – International Emmy Awards - International Emmy Award Documentary
1992 – Yorkton Short Film/Video Festival - Golden Sheaf Award - Best Documentary

See also
 Atrocity propaganda

References

Gulf War films
Canadian documentary television films
1990s English-language films
1990s Canadian films
Buckton, East Riding of Yorkshire

Buckton is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bempton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is near the North Sea coast, and about  north of Bridlington. It lies on the B1229 road. In 1931 the parish had a population of 174.

The village is adjacent to Bempton, and shares the same local services. To the west of the village is Buckton Hall, a grade II* listed building with large cellars. The hall had a tunnel which connected with the bottom of the cliffs which allowed for smuggling activities and as late as 1931, a hoist for hauling contraband, was still in the kitchen.

Buckton is a good place to find migrant birds, along Hoddy Cows Lane which runs from Buckton Cliffs to the north of the village. The cliffs at Buckton form part of the  coastal region between Speeton and Bempton that is noted for its chalk face and its seabird habitats. This is administered by the RSPB as part of Bempton Cliffs. Up until 1954, tenant farmers from Buckton and Bempton used to climb down the cliffs and collect bird's eggs, a practice known locally as "Climming".

History
From the mediaeval era to the 19th century, Buckton was part of Dickering Wapentake. Buckton was formerly a township in the parish of Bridlington, from 1866 Buckton was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Bempton. Between 1894 and 1974 Buckton was a part of the Bridlington Rural District, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Between 1974 and 1996, it was part of the Borough of North Wolds (later Borough of East Yorkshire), Humberside.

See also
HMS G3, wrecked at Buckton
Sir Peter Buckton (1350 – 4 March 1414), politician, soldier and knight from Buckton

References

External links

RSPB webpage about the Climmers

Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Former civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Ozma Wars

is a fixed shooter arcade video game developed by Shin Nihon Kikaku (SNK) and released in 1979. The moving starfield background gives the impression of vertical scrolling, but the player ship's movement is restricted to the bottom of the screen.

Gameplay

The player controls a spacecraft which must fend off UFOs, meteors, and comets. Instead of lives, the player is given an energy reserve that is constantly diminishing; getting hit by the enemy causes gameplay to stop momentarily and a large amount of energy is depleted. Every so often, a mothership will appear and dock with the player's spacecraft, allowing the energy to be refilled. There are 3–4 recognizable stages as the game progresses and new enemies begin to appear. After these, the mothership will appear, and the cycle starts over; this continues indefinitely until the energy reaches zero.

Due to the game being monochrome and a conversion kit for Space Invaders, many Ozma Wars monitors used the Space Invaders color overlay.

Legacy
There are two bootleg versions of this game called Space Phantoms and Solar Flight. In Space Phantoms the player's ship looks like an angel, and the enemies appear as different types of insect.

References

External links

Ozma Wars at System-16
Ozma Wars at the Arcade-history Database
Detailed page in japanese on Ozma Wars

1979 video games
Arcade video games
Fixed shooters
SNK games
PlayStation Network games
Video games developed in Japan
Colombina Parra

Colombina Violeta Parra Tuca (born 1970) is a Chilean musician and singer. She was part of the Chilean grunge/alternative rock scene in the 1990s. Her band, Ex, were well known in Latin America when their first album came out with singles like "Sacar la Basura", "La Corbata de mi Tío" and "Vendo Diario" in 1996.

Parra is the daughter of the physicist, mathematician and self-titled "anti-poet" Nicanor Parra and the niece of famed folk singer Violeta Parra.

See also
Parra family

References 

                   

Living people
20th-century Chilean women singers
Chilean rock singers
Women heavy metal singers
1970 births
Colombina Parra
21st-century Chilean women singers
David Sánchez (tennis)

David Sánchez Muñoz (born 20 April 1978) is a retired Spanish tennis player. He turned professional in 1997. In 2003 he won both the Open Romania and the Movistar Open. He reached his career high singles ranking of World No. 41 on 24 February 2003.

During his third round run at the 2001 French Open, Sánchez defeated the previous year's finalist Magnus Norman and former champion Carlos Moyá in five sets, and took a set off Roger Federer.

ATP career finals

Singles: 2 (2 titles)

ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 12 (5–7)

Performance timeline

Singles

Wins over top 10 ranked players

Wins over Top 10s per season

External links
 
 

Spanish male tennis players
1978 births
Living people
Sakmara (river)

The Sakmara (; , Haqmar) is a river in Russia that drains the southern tip of the Ural Mountains south into the river Ural. It is  long, and has a drainage basin of . It is a right tributary of the Ural, which it meets in Orenburg. The source of the Sakmara is in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Other towns along the Sakmara are Yuldybayevo (Bashkortostan), Kuvandyk, and the railway station Saraktash close to the Wozdwizhenskaya Fortress (Orenburg Oblast).

It rises in the southern Ural Mountains about  west-southwest of Magnitogorsk and flows south through a valley with some canyon development. At Kuvandyk it swings west, leaves the mountains, and flows west parallel to the Ural River with many meanders for about  (straight-line distance) before turning south to meet the Ural. Major tributaries are the Salmysh and the Bolshoy Ik, both from the north.

The Sakmarian Age of the Permian Period of geological time is named for the Sakmara River.

References

Rivers of Bashkortostan
Rivers of Orenburg Oblast
Ural basin
Mixed Order

The Mixed Order () was a tactical formation originally used by demi-brigades of the French Revolutionary Army and then later by Napoleon's Grande Armée to great effect.

First proposed by the French theorist Comte de Guibert, the Mixed Order could be adapted to be used by companies or battalions and involved two or more of these units using a combination of Line  and Column formations. Its origins were in the revolutionary wars where massed French militias lacked the training and experience to complete complicated manoeuvres and by necessity adopted a mixed order of veteran trained units and newly recruited/conscripted units. The regular troops moving in line along with the recruits moving in column, which required far less training to perfect, either on the flanks, the centre or in the rear of the veteran units.

The column formation allowed for rapid movement, a very effective charge (due to weight of numbers), and could quickly be formed into an infantry square to resist cavalry attacks, but by its nature only a fraction of its muskets would be able to open fire. The line offered a substantially larger musket frontage allowing for greater shooting capability but required extensive training to allow the unit to move over ground as one while retaining the line.

The mixed order remained a part of French tactical doctrine as the French army grew in discipline, capitalising as it did on the strengths of both the line and column formations, while avoiding some of their inherent weaknesses. It was used extensively by Napoleon when commanding the Grande Armée.

List of key battles it was used in 

 Tagliamento (1797)
 Marengo (1799)
 Austerlitz (1805)
 Jena (1806)
 Borodino (1812)

See also 
 Column (formation)
 Flying wedge
 Svinfylking

Notes and references

Tactical formations
Tactical formations of the Napoleonic Wars
Herbert Dixon

Herbert Dixon may refer to:

 Herbert Dixon (rugby union) (1869–1952), Scottish rugby union player
 Herbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran (1880–1950), Northern Ireland Unionist politician
 Herbert Dixon (Louisiana politician) (born 1949), member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
 Herbert Dixon (golfer), African-American golfer
 Rap Dixon (Herbert Allen Dixon, 1902–1944), American baseball player

See also
 Alfred Herbert Dixon (1857–1920), English industrialist
Yōko Maki

Yōko Maki may refer to:

Yōko Maki (artist) (born 1981), Japanese manga artist
Yōko Maki (actress) (born 1982), Japanese actress

See also
Maki (disambiguation)
Alexander Vesnin

Alexander Aleksandrovich Vesnin () (28 May 1883, Yuryevets – 7 September 1959, Moscow), together with his brothers Leonid and Viktor, was a leading light of Constructivist architecture. He is best known for his meticulous perspectival drawings such as Leningrad Pravda of 1924.

In addition to being an architect, he was a theatre designer and painter, frequently working with Lyubov Popova on designs for workers' festivals, and for the theatre of Tairov. He was one of the exhibitors in the pioneering Constructivist exhibition 5×5=25 in 1921. He was the head, along with Moisei Ginzburg, of the Constructivist OSA Group. Among the completed buildings designed by the Vesnin brothers in the later 1920s were department stores, a club for former Tsarist political prisoners as well as the Likachev Works Palace of Culture in Moscow. Vesnin was a vocal supporter of the works of Le Corbusier, and acclaimed his Tsentrosoyuz building as 'the best building constructed in Moscow for a century'. After the return to Classicism in the Soviet Union, Vesnin had no further major projects.

Selected work
1934 People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry Project
1930 Oilworkers' Club, Baku
1930-36 Likachev Palace of Culture, Moscow
1928 House of Film Actors, Moscow
1926 Mostorg department store, Moscow
1924 Leningradskaya Pravda project
1922-23 Palace of Labor project

References

S.N Khan-Magomedov, Alexander Vesnin and Russian Constructivism (Thames and Hudson, 1988)
Khan-Magomedov S. O. Architecture of the Soviet avant-garde: In 2 books: B. 1: Formation problems. Masters and currents. - M .: Stroyizdat. 1996 .-- 709 pp., Ill. .
A.G. Chinyakov. The Vesnin brothers. Moscow, 1970.

External links

 Alexander Vesnin, photographs, Canadian Centre for Architecture (digitized items)

1883 births
1959 deaths
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Architecture
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Architects from the Russian Empire
Constructivist architects
Modernist architects
Modernist architecture in Russia
Russian architects
Russian avant-garde
Soviet architects
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering alumni
Grant Lauchlan

Grant Lauchlan is best known for his work as a Scottish entertainment journalist, producer and film reporter for STV in Scotland.

He studied journalism, politics and film & media at Stirling University. After graduating he worked as a news reporter for Radio Clyde. In 1998, Lauchlan started working as an assistant producer for STV's digital channel S2. In 2000, he began working for Scotland Today as a film reporter.

After S2 closed down, he began working full-time in the newsroom as a journalist and occasional presenter of Scotland Today news bulletins. In 2001 Lauchlan pitched the idea for Moviejuice to STV execs and the series was commissioned and ran until 2005. Lauchlan then worked as an entertainment reporter for STV News.  Moviejuice returned to STV in 2009 with a one-off Star Trek movie special presented and produced by Lauchlan. He fronted further Moviejuice specials that included The Twilight Saga: New Moon, Prometheus, Skyfall and Harry Potter. In 2012 a new reformatted series of Moviejuice returned to STV on Friday nights fronted and co-produced by the presenter.  The popular show was a ratings hit but was eventually axed due to budget cuts as STV streamed programming cash into its (now failed) STV2 channel.

Lauchlan is regarded as one of Scotland's most under-rated and under-used TV stars. He is known for his easy-going rapport and witty interview style with A-listers and over the years he has secured interviews with many of Hollywood's biggest names including Meryl Streep, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Leonardo DiCaprio, Jim Carrey, Julie Andrews, Angelina Jolie, Samuel L. Jackson, Scarlett Johansson, Sigourney Weaver and George Clooney, to name but a few.  Bruce Willis has publicly said that Lauchlan is one of the best presenters to have interviewed him and told his boss in numerous interviews to give the presenter a raise.

Lauchlan left STV in 2018. He was linked to a new series of That's Life for the BBC as one of its team of presenters led by Victoria Coren Mitchell.

Lauchlan in the past decade has turned his hand to property development and spends much of his time living on the Isle of Arran.

References

External links

Scottish film critics
Living people
Scottish television presenters
STV News newsreaders and journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Freshwater sleeper

Freshwater sleepers are a small family, the Odontobutidae,  of gobiiform fishes native to freshwater rivers flowing into the South China Sea and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The family consists of about 22 species in six genera.

Genera
The following genera are currently recognised as being within the family Odontobutidae:

 Micropercops Fowler & Bean, 1920
 Neodontobutis I. S. Chen, Kottelat & H. L. Wu, 2002
 Odontobutis Bleeker, 1874
 Perccottus Dybowski, 1877
 Sineleotris Herre, 1940
 Terateleotris Shibukawa, Iwata & Viravong, 2001

References

Ray-finned fish families
Mami Yamasaki

is a Japanese gravure idol and actress. In addition to appearing in numerous photobooks, she has played roles in television, film, and stage productions, including Gogo Sentai Boukenger, Karate-Robo Zaborgar, the horror drama series Hitokowa, and the stage adaptation of Umimachi Diary.

Biography
Yamasaki was born in Osaka, Japan. While in high school she represented Osaka in a national rhythmic gymnastics competition. In 2004 she won the Miss Magazine Special Reader Award in the annual Miss Magazine gravure contest. Yamasaki appeared in GoGo Sentai Boukenger and Chō Ninja Tai Inazuma!! SPARK as Shizuka of the Wind. After changing management companies in 2012, Yamasaki did not model for any photobooks for several years, only resuming photobook modeling after she turned 30 years old. In 2017 Yamasaki starred in a stage adaptation of the Akimi Yoshida manga Umimachi Diary. In 2018 a photo exhibition featuring  previously unpublished photos of Yamasaki was held at Tokyo Arts Gallery. Also in 2018 Yamasaki joined the cast of Hitokowa, a horror drama on the Hikari TV Channel.

Filmography
GoGo Sentai Boukenger (2006)Persona (2008) (2010)Karate-Robo Zaborgar (2011) (2012) (2018)Nishinari Goro's 400 Million Yen (2021)

Photobooks
 , Saibunkan Shuppan, 2005, 
 , Kodansha, 2005, 
 21, Gakushū Kenkyūsha, 2007, 
 , Futabasha, 2008, 
 , Shueisha, 2011, 
 , Wani Books, 2017, 
 re.'', Kobunsha, 2018,

References

External links
Talent Profile 

Japanese gravure idols
Japanese actresses
Japanese television personalities
Living people
1985 births
People from Osaka
Yōko Maki (artist)

is a Japanese manga artist best known for Aishiteruze Baby. Maki debuted in 1999 with Love Service! in Ribon Original magazine. She also has a pet dog named Leo and her profile in the Aishiteruze Baby comic says her hobby is "...blowing soap bubbles" and that one of her skills is "...passing quickly through a crowd of people". She has a sister, Mochida Aki, which she made manga with such as, Zen Zen.

On July 3, 2019, Maki announced that she has retired from the manga industry and that she will keep her Instagram account active until March 17, 2020. Her final manga series was Kirameki no Lion Boy which ran from 2016 to 2019.

Works
14R — Collection of short stories, containing:
14R
Mahiru ni Kakedasu
Watakushi-sama
Koi o Hajimeru Bokutachi ni
Daily News
Aishiteruze Baby (7 volumes)
Atashi wa Bambi (3 volumes) — Also includes:
Kokoro Kirari (vol.1)
Aiko de Jo (vol.2)
Kiite Kiite Ouji (vol.3)
Survival (vol.3)
Kareki ni Koi o Sakasemasu — Collection of short stories, containing:
Kareki ni Koi o Sakasemasu
Heavy Crash!!
Juicy Game
Love Service!
Sora Sora — Also includes:
Koishiterururu
Star Blacks (2 volumes)
Taranta Ranta (2 volumes)
Yamamoto Zenjirou to Moushimasu (5 volumes)
Aishitenai
 Shouri no Akuma
Zen Zen
Green Boy & Blue Girl
Romantica Clock (10 volumes)
Kirameki no Lion Boy (9 volumes)

References

External links
 Ribon Waku-Waku Station Ribon Official website

1981 births
Living people
Manga artists from Kagoshima Prefecture
NAFW

NAFW is an acronym for:

 National Assembly for Wales
 Naval Air Facility Washington, U.S. Navy base located within Andrews Air Force Base
Yugorsky Strait

The Yugorsky Strait or Yugor Strait (, or Yugorsky Shar) is a narrow sound between the Kara Sea and the Pechora Sea. Its maximum width is 10 km and its minimum width only 3 km. 

Ostrov Storozhevoy, an island 1.6 km in length, lies in the middle of the strait.

This sound separates Vaygach Island from the Yugorsky Peninsula on the Russian mainland.

The name is derived from Yugaria, an old name for the region to the south of Yugorsky Strait.

History
The earliest recorded voyage through the Yugorsky Shar, traditionally known as the Arctic "Iron Gateway", into the Kara Sea was made from Nizhny Novgorod by early Russian explorer Uleb in 1032.

Russian "Pomors", the coastal dwellers of the White Sea shores, had been exploring this strait since the 11th century. The Arctic's first shipping line, the Great Mangazea Route, from the White Sea to the Ob River and the Yenisei Gulf began operating in the latter part of the 16th century. This line opened up the way to Siberia's riches and worked until 1619, when it was closed for military and political reasons, for fear of possible penetration by Europeans into Siberia.

The Yugorsky Strait was an important waterway in the early exploration of the Northern Sea Route and for the traffic of Soviet maritime convoys during World War II.

See also
 Operation Wunderland

References

 Encyclopædia Britannica
 RUSSIAN NAVAL OFFICERS AND GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION IN NORTHERN RUSSIA, by Leonid Sverdlov, Member of the Russian Geographic Society

Straits of Russia
Bodies of water of the Barents Sea
Straits of the Kara Sea
Straits of the Arctic Ocean
Phillips New Testament in Modern English

The Phillips New Testament in Modern English (complete title: The New Testament in Modern English) (Phi) is an English translation of the New Testament of the Bible translated by Anglican clergyman J. B. Phillips first published in 1958.

BibleGateway.com describes the translation as

This publication refers to the translation's copyright dates as 1960 and 1972.

See also
Four Prophets, a 1963 rendering by Phillips of the Books of Amos, Hosea, First Isaiah and Micah.

References

External links
 Complete 1961 edition text online

See also

1958 books
Bible translations into English
1958 in Christianity
New Testament editions
Theta1 Orionis C

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Theta1 Orionis C}}

Theta1 Orionis C (θ1 Orionis C) is a member of the Trapezium open cluster that lies within the Orion Nebula. The star C is the most massive of the four bright stars at the heart of the cluster. It is an O class blue main sequence star with a B-type main sequence companion.  Its high luminosity and large distance (about 1,500 light years) give it an apparent visible magnitude of 5.1.

Theta1 Orionis consists of multiple components, primarily the four stars of the Trapezium cluster, all within one arc-minute of each other.  Theta2 Orionis is a more distant grouping of three main stars plus several fainter companions, 1-2 arc-minutes from Theta1.

Theta1 C is itself a binary of two massive stars, C1 and C2, plus a very close fainter companion apparently escaping the system.

Theta1 Orionis C1 is responsible for generating most of the ultraviolet light that is slowly ionizing (and perhaps photoevaporating) the Orion Nebula. This UV light is also the primary cause of the glow that illuminates the Orion Nebula. The star emits a powerful stellar wind that is a hundred thousand times stronger than the Sun's, and the outpouring gas moves at 1,000 km/s.

References

Orionis, Theta1, C
Orionis, 41, C
Binary stars
O-type main-sequence stars
Orion (constellation)
B-type main-sequence stars
037022
1895
Durchmusterung objects
026221
Halic

Halic may refer to:

 Haliç (disambiguation)
 Halič (disambiguation)
ICRS

ICRS may refer to:
 International Cannabinoid Research Society, professional society for cannabinoid researchers
 International Celestial Reference System, the IAU standard celestial reference system
 Institute of Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability, professional body for sustainability practitioners
 Intrastromal corneal ring segment, an eye implant for vision correction
 International Castle Research Society
Scatophagidae

Scatophagidae, the scats are a small family of ray-finned fishes in the order Perciformes. They are found in the Indo-Pacific region but one species has been introduced elsewhere.

Taxonomy
Scatophagidae was first formally described as a family in 1883 by the American ichthyologist Theodore Nicholas Gill. They are classified in the superfamily Siganiodea, along with the rabbitfishes of the family Siganidae, within the suborder Percoidei in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. Other workers have classified them with the surgeonfishes in the order Acanthuriformes or as incertae sedis within the series Eupercaria. The name of the family comes from its type genus Scatophagus and this is a compound of skatos meaning "dung" and phaga which means to eat, a reference to this species purported taste for human faeces.

Genera
There are two genera classified within the Scatophagidae, each containing two extant species:

 Scatophagus Cuvier, 1831
 Selenotoca Myers, 1936

Characteristics
Scatophagidae fishes, the scats, have highly compressed, oblong bodies. The dorsal profile of the head rises steeply to the nape, they have a rounded snout, as is the space between the eyes. The small mouth is horizontal, and cannot be protruded, and has several rows of small bristle like teeth on the jaws. There are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The dorsal fin have 11-12 robust spines and 16-18 soft rays, the first spine lies flat and there is a deep incision between the spiny and soft rayed parts of the fin. The anal fin has 4 robust spines and 13-16 soft rays and the relatively small pectoral fins have 16-17 rays. The caudal fin may be truncate or weakly emarginate. although it is rounded in juveniles. The head and the body are covered with tiny ctenoid scales and these reach the soft rayed parts of the dorsal and anal fins. There are no spines or serrations on the opercular bones. They are silvery or greenish in colour marked with darker spots or bars. The scats vary in maximum total length from  for Selenotoca papuensis up to  for Selenotoca multifasciata.

Distribution and habitat
Scatophagidae is native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans from the eastern coast of Africa into the western Pacific. The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) has been introduced to Malta, where it has become established, and it has been recorded from Florida. Scats are found in harbours, brackish estuaries, and the lower reaches of freshwater streams.

Biology
Scatophagidae fishes normally occur in schools and they feed during the day on a variety of benthic invertebrates, bottom detritus, algae and refuse.

Utilisation
Scatophagidae fishes are too small to be of interest to commercial fisheries as food, they are caught using gill nets and fish traps. They appear in the aquarium trade.

References

 
 

 
Perciformes families
Extant Eocene first appearances
Buchta

Buchta (feminine Buchtová) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Karel Buchta (1897–1959), Czech soldier and skier
 Luboš Buchta (born 1967), Czech cross country skier
 Miloš Buchta (born 1980), Czech footballer
 Petr Buchta (born 1992), Czech footballer
 Richard Buchta (1845–1894), Austrian explorer

See also
 Czech and Polish for Buchteln, yeast-based sweet dumplings
 Czarna Buchta, a village in the Gmina Krasnopol

Czech-language surnames

de:Buchta
Dalatias

Dalatias is a genus of kitefin sharks that have lived since the Middle Eocene. It was thought to be a monotypic taxon with the type species, D. licha, considered as the only species until 2022, when Malyshkina and her colleagues described a new Middle Miocene species, D. orientalis. D. orientalis is discovered from the Duho Formation in Pohang, South Korea.

References

Shark genera
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
Dalatiidae
NSS-7

NSS-7 is a communications satellite owned by SES World Skies.  It launched on 16 April 2002 on an AR-44L model of the Ariane 4 launch vehicle.

It is a hybrid Ku- and C-band telecommunications satellite providing fixed satellite services, including video distribution, Internet access, corporate business networking and fixed services such as telephony and data. Based on an enhanced version of Lockheed Martin's A2100AX satellite bus, this 72 transponder satellite initially operated at 22° West longitude over the Atlantic Ocean, providing coverage to the whole of Africa.  In May 2012 it shifted over to the 20° West location to take over the duties of NSS-5.

References

External links

 Official SES Site
International Media Switzerland  Official provider's site

Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2002
SES satellites
NSS-07
Punk Rock Confidential (magazine)

Punk Rock Confidential was a quarterly lifestyle magazine published in San Francisco, California, focusing on the look of punk rock music and lifestyle in its many incarnations.  Started in 2005 by the trio of Fat Mike of NOFX, Sunny Andersen Chanel (Girlyhead magazine) and Kevin Chanel (ChinMusic! magazine), it was essentially an Us or People-esque full-color glossy for alternative types. It was rooted more in whimsy and the ironic inevitability of punk celebrity than anything involving music. The magazine focused on pictures of bands doing real-life activities - partying, getting married, and living. It also contained punk band gossip, rumors, tongue-in-cheek humor, and parodied "celerbrity" magazine content for the punk music genre.

In the first issue the magazine staff gave a summary of their intention for publishing. They looked through other magazines that were around at the time and combined many of the sections and styles that they liked to document the punk community:

Multiple issue covers used the tagline "It's Not About The Music!". Punk Rock Confidential ran several recurring columns such as articles covering births, deaths, and weddings; "Everlasting Jobstoppers", covering controversial or poorly done tattoos that might stop band members from getting a job; "Punks Not Dead, but it ain't getting an younger" - a tribute to bands that had played punk music for more than 20 years; scene reports; CD and DVD reviews; and a crossword. The magazine was published until 2008.

References

External links
 Official website

Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2005
Magazines published in San Francisco
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines disestablished in 2008