alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
USS Galaxy

USS Galaxy (IX-54), was a diesel motor yacht built in 1930 by Pusey and Jones Company, in Wilmington, Delaware for Mr. Bernard W. Doyle, of Leominster, Massachusetts. Purchased by the United States Navy on 8 September 1941 and commissioned at East Boston, Massachusetts, on 20 September 1941. The Galaxy was the only ship of the Navy to hold this name.

Service history
Galaxy was acquired for the express purpose of research in underwater sound.  Based at East Boston throughout her entire career, as a unit of the 1st Naval District, she completed a variety of assignments for the Underwater Sound Laboratory, Fort Trumbull, New London, Connecticut; experimental underwater sound work for the Bureau of Ships and the Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory.  These operations were carried out at Boston and off New London; and for a brief time off the Delaware breakwaters and in the Chesapeake Bay.

She was decommissioned and was placed "in service" on 2 August 1945, to continue her experimental assignments until placed out of service at Boston on 25 March 1946. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 May 1946 and she was transferred to the Maritime Commission on 20 May 1946 for disposal.

Awards
American Defense Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal

References

External links  
 

1930 ships
Research vessels of the United States Navy
Ships built by Pusey and Jones
Leave the Light On

Leave the Light On may refer to:

 Leave the Light On (Lorrie Morgan album), a 1989 album by Lorrie Morgan
 Leave the Light On (Beth Hart album), a 2003 album by Beth Hart
 Leave the Light On (Chris Smither album), a 2006 album by Chris Smither
 Leave the Light On (Jeff Bates album), a 2006 album by Jeff Bates
 Leave the Light On (EP), a 2022 EP by Bailey Zimmerman
 Leave the Light On (memoir), the second memoir written by Jennifer Storm
 "Leave the Light On", a 1998 song by Lagwagon

See also
 Leave a Light On (disambiguation)
 Leave Your Light On, Aloud's 2006 debut album
Backspin

In sports, backspin or underspin refers to the reverse rotation of a ball, in relation to the ball's trajectory, that is imparted on the ball by a slice or chop shot. Backspin generates an upward force that lifts the ball (see Magnus effect). While a normal hit bounces well forward as well as up, backspin shots bounce higher and less forward. Backspin is the opposite of topspin.

In racket sports, the higher bounce imparted by backspin may make a receiver who has prepared for a different shot miss or mis-hit the ball when swinging. A backspin shot is also useful for defensive shots because a backspin shot takes longer to travel to the opponent, giving the defender more time to get back into position.  Also, because backspin shots tend to bounce less far forward once they reach the opposite court, they may be more difficult to attack.  This is especially important in table tennis because one must wait for the ball to bounce before hitting it, whereas in tennis the opponent may volley the ball. 

In golf, a well-struck shot will result in a large amount of backspin that will carry the ball higher into the air and farther. Backspin will also help with distance control and, if there is enough backspin, the ball will "check" if it lands on the putting surface, and sometimes even creep backwards (in the opposite direction that the ball was flying) upon landing.

See also

Spin (cue sports), types of spin
Spin (pickleball), definition and types of spin
Spin (table tennis), effects of spin
Groundstroke
Bernoulli's principle

Sources
 The Physics of Sports by Angelo Armenti

External links

Backspin
Pickleball terminology

sv:Lista över golftermer#Backspin
Abelard of Hauteville

Abelard of Hauteville ( 1044 – 1081) was the eldest son of Humphrey, count of Apulia and Calabria (1051–1057), and his Lombard wife, Gaitelgrima of Salerno, also known as Altrude. He was supposed to inherit his father's lands, but Robert Guiscard, his uncle and guardian, who was elected count on Humphrey's death, confiscated them.

In April 1064, Abelard joined three discontented barons (Geoffrey I of Conversano; Joscelin, Lord of Molfetta; and Robert, Count of Montescaglioso) in rebellion against Robert, who had just left for Sicily.  They received the aid, financial and military, of Perenos, the Byzantine duke of Durazzo, and held out for several years, neither making headway against Robert nor he against them.  On 1 January 1068, Romanus Diogenes was acclaimed emperor in Constantinople and the Greeks transferred their military attention to the Seljuk threat to their east.  The rebellion fell apart and by February only Geoffrey remained.  Abelard was exiled, but Robert forgave him and gave him cities.

Abelard was again at the head of a revolt later in December 1071.  Then, he recruited not only the Byzantines, but his brother Herman, whose inheritance had also been confiscated by his guardian Guiscard at the same time, and the lords of Giovinazzo and Trani.  To their aid came the prince of Capua, Richard Drengot, and the prince of Salerno, Gisulf II, both of whom feared the ascendancy of Robert Guiscard.  Robert, however, did not leave the siege of Palermo.  He preferred to ignore the insurrection, then spreading to Calabria, in favour of speeding up events in Sicily.

Palermo fell in 1072 and Robert returned to the peninsula the next year, easily putting down most of the rebels.  However, he fell ill at Trani and was taken to Bari, where Sichelgaita, his wife, had the barons proclaim her son Roger Borsa his heir.  Abelard was the only baron to dissent from the election of Roger, claiming that he was the rightful heir to the duchy.  He rebelled yet again in 1078, with Geoffrey and Peter II of Trani again, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080.  He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus.  He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April.  He was buried in Greece and never brought back to Venosa, where most of his family lies to this day.

Notes

Italo-Normans
1040s births
1081 deaths
Abelard
Edgar Frisby

Edgar Frisby (May 22, 1837– 1927) was an American astronomer, born at Great Easton, Leicestershire, England. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1863 (M.A., 1864), then taught in Canada in 1863–67.

He taught for a short time as professor of mathematics at Northwestern University before accepting a position at the United States Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. He served as assistant astronomer from 1868 to 1878. Following that, he taught as professor of mathematics in the United States Navy from 1878 until he retired in 1899.  Professor Frisby observed several eclipses for the government, computed the orbit of the comet of 1882, and had charge of the 12-inch equatorial telescope until his retirement.

References
 

British emigrants to the United States
American astronomers
19th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
1837 births
1927 deaths
People from Great Easton, Leicestershire
Hōjō Akitoki

Hōjō Akitoki (; 1248 – 7 May 1301) was a Japanese military leader during the Kamakura period (1185–1333).  He was the third head of the  of the Hōjō clan.

Akitoki was the son of Kanezawa Sanetoki and a daughter of Hōjō Masamura.  In 1257 Akitoki had his genpuku coming-of-age ceremony under the tokusō Hōjō Tokiyori and took the name Tokikata ().  In 1260 he became a guard of the shōgun; he attended Prince Munetaka and studied poetry and other subjects.  He may have married Mugai Nyodai, but that is disputed, with some believing she was married to Hōjō Sanetoki.

Akitoki died 7 May 1301 and was succeeded by his son Hōjō Sadaaki.  Akitoki's grave is in  in Kanagawa.  He is said to have had a love of learning, like his father, and to have contributed to the establishment of the Kanazawa Bunko.

References

Works cited

 
 
 
 

1248 births
1301 deaths
Hōjō clan
Montana Highway 37

Montana State Highway 37 (MT 37) is a  state highway in the US state of Montana. It begins in downtown Libby, Montana at US 2 and takes a meandering course northeastwards upstream along the Kootenai River and the eastern shore of Lake Koocanusa before terminating at U.S. Route 93 at the northern end of Eureka, Montana. Previously, MT 37 also followed US 93 from Eureka into Whitefish and turned down what is now MT 40 towards US 2 and Glacier National Park until at least 1942.

Route description

Highway 37 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 2 in downtown Libby, Montana, and heads northeast. It crosses the BNSF Railway tracks just west of the Libby Amtrak station, and passes the site of the former vermiculite export plant before crossing the Kootenai River and taking a more easterly course. The road follows the river upstream into a narrow, tightly winding canyon, running parallel to the railroad on the opposite bank. It suddenly turns south near the former vermiculite mine and passes by its former processing plant site. Soon, the road turns east again, then crosses the Kootenai once more and abruptly heads north, parting ways with the now southbound railroad. The road starts to gain elevation and, once it passes the eastern abutment of Libby Dam, it follows the eastern shore of Lake Koocanusa, hugging the sides of the former canyon as it winds its way north to Rexford. It bypasses the town to its south as the road turns east, passing over a former railroad alignment a few miles later, before turning east one last time amidst farmland to terminate at U.S. Route 93, at the northern end of Eureka.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

037
Rental utilization

Utilization is the primary method by which tool rental companies measure asset performance. In its most basic form it measures the actual revenue earned by assets against the potential revenue they could have earned.

Calculations
Rental utilization is divided into a number of different calculations, and not all companies work precisely the same way. In general terms however there are two key calculations: the physical utilization on the asset, which is measured based on the number of available days for rental against the number of days actually rented. (This may also be measured in hours for certain types of equipment), and the financial utilization on the asset (referred to in North America as $ Utilization) which is measured as the rental revenue achieved over a period of time against the potential revenue that could have been achieved based on a target or standard, non-discounted rate. Physical utilization is also sometimes referred to as spot utilization, where a rental company looks at its current utilization of assets based on a single moment in time (e.g. now, 9 am today, etc.).

Utilization calculations may be varied based on many different factors. For example: 
 A company with equipment which requires preventative maintenance activities every 2 weeks, may decide that the number of available days in the month is decreased as it will unavailable due to maintenance for 2 days out of each month.
 Some rental businesses give "free days" on rental contract billing processes, for example on a national or public holiday, and therefore the equipment does not earn any money on those days, even though it is physically on rent.
 Some companies charge minimum rates, for example you may rent an excavator for 1 day, but be charged a three-day minimum. The Physical utilization will therefore be 100% on the day, but the financial utilization is actually 300% as you've earned 3 days revenue for 1 day's work.
 Rental Software is normally required to assist management teams in measuring and calculating utilization figures.
 Asset Tracking software may also be important in increasing or managing utilization figures.

Utilization in this context is heavily linked to profitability. Low physical utilization may be mitigated by keeping rental rates high, high physical utilization normally justifies keeping rental rates lower. Different types of equipment may also alter the relationship between rates and utilization.

References

See also
Renting

Engineering concepts
Renting
No. 94 Squadron RAAF

No. 94 Squadron was a Royal Australian Air Force fighter squadron of World War II. The unit did not complete its training before the end of the war and was disbanded eight months after formation.

Squadron history

No. 94 Squadron was formed at Castlereagh, New South Wales, on 30 May 1945. It was planned to equip the squadron with de Havilland Mosquito aircraft and assign it to  No. 86 Wing. Its personnel were housed at RAAF Base Richmond until 29 June when they moved to Castlereagh.

The squadron commenced training at Castlereagh in July. During this month 73.35 hours of flight training were conducted in Mosquito aircraft and No. 9 Airfield Construction Squadron built hard standings to protect the aircraft from waterlogged ground. Representatives from Rolls-Royce and de Havilland's propeller division also lectured No. 94 Squadron's ground and air crew. Delivery of the squadron's Mosquitos was slow, however, and this greatly hampered its training program.

No. 94 Squadron was informed on 18 September 1945 that it would cease to function from 20 September. The remnants of the squadron departed Castlereagh for Richmond on 7 January 1946 and it was disbanded there on 24 January.

Notes

References
 
 
 

94
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
1946 disestablishments in Australia
Long Hill Township School System

The Long Hill Township School System is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade in Long Hill Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States.

As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 894 students and 80.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

Long Hill Township's high school students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Watchung Hills Regional High School in Warren Township.  Students from Long Hill Township and from the neighboring communities of Green Brook Township, Warren Township and Watchung (in Somerset County) attend the school. As of the 2019–20 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,948 students and 160.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1.

Schools 
Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Gillette School with 223 students in grades PreK-1
Dr. Lori Jones, principal
Millington School with 397 students in grades 2-5
Jennifer S. Dawson, principal
Middle school
Central Middle School with 269 students in grades 6-8
Michael Viturello, principal

Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Dr. Anne Mucci, superintendent 
Daniel A. Borgo, interim business administrator and board secretary

Board of education
The district's board of education is comprised of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.

References

External links
Long Hill Township School System
 
School Data for the Long Hill Township School System, National Center for Education Statistics
Watchung Hills Regional High School website

Long Hill Township, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group I
School districts in Morris County, New Jersey
Gasparo Alberti

Gasparo Alberti (also: Gaspar de Albertis; Gaspare Albertus; Gaspar bergomensis; Gaspar de padua; c. 1485 – c. 1560) was an Italian composer.

He was born in Padua, and worked through the ranks at the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, in Bergamo, starting as a cleric in 1503, he becoming choir master in 1508 and magister cappellae by 1525. He was forced to retire in 1550, but was reappointed and worked there until 1559. Alberti was one of the first composers to use a number of new techniques, including the use of cori spezzati and salmi spezzati, especially within the Passion, where he used it for both the turba  and the words of Jesus, or vox Christi. Alberti's Passions were the first to set Jesus' words polyphonically. Although he was an early user of these techniques, he is not believed to have originated them or disseminated them significantly. Despite this, he was an important force in Italian sacred music, especially in the period before Palestrina. His book of masses was the first to be published by a single Italian composer. Alberti's works were rediscovered by Danish musicologist Knud Jeppesen in the 1960s.

References

Notes

1480s births
1560s deaths
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Musicians from Padua
Renaissance composers
16th-century Italian musicians
Grubbs

Grubbs may refer to:

People
 Grubbs (surname)

In fiction
 Grubbs Grady, a main character in The Demonata series of novels
 Verla Grubbs, a character in the All My Children TV series

Other uses
 Grubbs catalyst, a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis
 Grubbs's test for outliers, a statistical test used to detect outliers
 Grubb's Tramway (Mowbray), a tramway in northern Tasmania
 Grubb's Tramway (Zeehan), a tramway in western Tasmania
 Grubbs, Arkansas
 Grubbs Corner, West Virginia
 United States v. Grubbs, a 2006 United States Supreme Court case

See also
Grubb (disambiguation)
Wailua River State Park

Wailua River State Park and the Wailua Complex of Heiaus, which it includes, are located on the eastern side of the Hawaiian island of Kauai. The park consists primarily of the Wailua River valley, which is the only navigable river in Hawaii. Visitors to this park can kayak, take riverboat cruises and explore the rainforest. Even motorboats and water skiing are permissible on the river.

Wailua Complex of Heiaus
The Wailua Complex, a National Historic Landmark, was once the center of chiefly power on the island. It contains the remains of several important structures: places of worship (heiau), places of refuge (puuhonua), and sites related to royal births. The most important sites are:

Hikinaakalā (Rising of the Sun) Heiau, which includes the Hauola place of refuge (puuhonua) and the Kii Pōhaku ancient petroglyphs, at the mouth of the river adjacent to Lydgate State Park
Malae, also known as Malaea or Makaukiu or Mana Heiau, a huge, rectangular luakini heiau almost 400 feet long on the south side of the river just above Highway 56
Holoholokū Heiau, also known as Kalaeokamanu, adjacent to the pōhaku hoohānau (birthing stone) and pōhaku piko (navel/umbilical stone), where women of high rank would give birth and bury their afterbirth and umbilical cords
Poliahu (also spelled Poliahu) Heiau, a large luakini heiau high on the narrow ridge between Ōpaekaa Stream and Wailua River
Bellstone (on the same ridge), used to announce important events, such as royal births

Of these, only Holoholokū has been largely restored.

Heiau images

History
Wailua was the land of the ali'i (kings) and was one of the largest ahupuaa (subdivisions) on Kauai. It is said that King Kaumuali'i's favorite place to live was in Wailua. There are Hawaiian heiaus starting from the mouth of the river all the way to the summit of Mt.Waialeale. The huaka'i po (Ghost Warriors) are said to walk ancient trails along the river at night up to Mount Waiʻaleʻale. Wailua has many legends about it and was once home to many Hawaiians.

See also 
List of Hawaiian state parks
Smith Family Garden Luau

References

Heiau
State parks of Hawaii
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii
National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii
Protected areas of Kauai
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii
National Register of Historic Places in Kauai County, Hawaii
Kimon Nicolaïdes

Kimon Nicolaїdes (1891–1938), was an American artist, educator, and author. During World War I, he served in the United States Army in France as a camouflage artist. He taught at the Art Students League of New York after the war. Nicolaїdes' book The Natural Way to Draw (1941) provided a new method of teaching drawing, and was widely used.

Early life 

Nicolaïdes was born in Washington, D.C., where his Greek-born father worked as an importer of Asian artifacts and his mother's American ancestors date back to the Colonial period. He made his living initially by a variety of jobs, including picture framing, journalism, and even by appearing once in a film as an extra, playing the role of an art student.

Despite his family's opposition, he did in fact become an art student, during which he attended the Art Students League of New York in New York City, where he studied with John Sloan, George Bridgman, and Kenneth Hayes Miller. At the Art Students League he met the avant-garde couple Wilhelmina Weber Furlong and her husband Thomas Furlong.

Career
He served in the U.S. Army in France during World War I, where he was one of the first American camouflage artists, serving in the American Camouflage Corps alongside Barry Faulkner, Sherry Edmundson Fry, Abraham Rattner and others. Among his wartime duties, he often worked with contour maps.

Nicolaïdes worked as a member of the board of the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation which administered the foundation and managed the Tiffany's Laurelton Hall estate (nicknamed the Oyster Bay estate).

Teaching career 
Following World War I, he returned to New York to teach at the Art Students League of New York. One of his students was artist Revington Arthur. While teaching, he developed a method of teaching drawing that he shared in the world-famous and widely used The Natural Way to Draw (1941).

His influence
At the time of Nicolaïdes' death, the manuscript for The Natural Way to Draw was incomplete. A close friend and former student, Mamie Harmon, oversaw its completion and its publication in 1941. (Harmon's papers are available in the Archives of American Art.) His influence on the teaching of drawing has been long-lasting and substantial, and his book is still in use today. In brief, he taught drawing by (1) exploring the edge of the subject with 'contour drawing', (2) encouraging free and rapid 'gesture drawing', (3) encouraging tonal drawings of weight or mass, and (4) (most importantly) prescribing a daily exercise of 'memory drawing'.

References

External links 
 Mamie Harmon papers relating to Kimon Nicolaides, 1935-1985, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

American art educators
1891 births
1938 deaths
Camoufleurs
Draughtsmen
Art Students League of New York faculty
American people of Greek descent
20th-century Greek Americans
American expatriates in France
United States Army personnel of World War I
Art Students League of New York alumni
World's Strongest Woman

World's Strongest Woman (later known as Strongwoman World Championships and World's Strongest Lady) is an annual strongwoman contest, and considered the pinnacle for female competitors and recognized as the world championships. The format was similar to the World's Strongest Man contest, and was held during the same time and same location as WSM from 2001 to 2003.

After the withdrawal of sponsors TWI and BBC, the International Federation of Strength Athletes replaced it with the Strongwoman World Championships from 2005 to 2008. The contest returned as the World's Strongest Lady in 2011, and from 2012- as the United Strongmen Women's World Championships.

Since 2019, the competition was held in Daytona Beach, United States. The 2023 competition is being held in Charleston, West Virginia.

Official results

Results courtesy of David Horne's World of Grip

Repeat champions

External resources
 Official Strongman Games on Facebook
 Official Strongman Games on Instagram
 World's Strongest Woman 2023 Official Website

References

Strongmen competitions
Fat Pat

Patrick Lamark Hawkins (December 4, 1970 – February 3, 1998), better known by his stage name Fat Pat (also known as Mr. Fat Pat), was an American rapper from Houston, Texas, who was a member of DEA (Dead End Alliance) with his brother John "Big Hawk" Hawkins, DJ Screw, and Kay-K, all original members of the Screwed Up Click (S.U.C.).

Wreckshop Records released his first two albums, Ghetto Dreams and Throwed in da Game in 1998 after his death. Later releases were on the Screwed Up Click label.

Murder 
On February 3, 1998, Hawkins was fatally shot by an unknown gunman at 10440 South Drive, Houston, Texas, after going to a promoter's apartment to collect an appearance fee. The promoter was not home, and he was shot in the corridor outside the apartment. He was 27 years old. Fat Pat's murder still remains unsolved.

Eight years later, his brother, rapper Big Hawk, was also shot to death by an unknown assailant.

Legacy 
Houston-based UFC heavyweight contender Derrick Lewis uses Fat Pat's 1998 single Tops Drop as his walkout song when he fights, including when he fought Ciryl Gane for the UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 265 in Houston. As reported by the Houston Press, well over a decade since Hawkins' death, his music continues to be played heavily in the Houston area.

Discography

Albums 
1998: Ghetto Dreams
1998: Throwed in da Game
2001: Fat Pat's Greatest Hits
2004: Since The Gray Tapes
2005: Since The Gray Tapes Vol. 2
2008: I Had a Ghetto Dream

With Dead End Alliance 
1998: Screwed for Life

Singles

Featured singles

See also 
27 Club
Houston hip hop
List of murdered hip hop musicians
List of unsolved murders

References 

1970 births
1998 deaths
1998 murders in the United States
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American rappers
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
Deaths by firearm in Texas
Male murder victims
Murdered African-American people
People murdered in Texas
Rappers from Houston
Screwed Up Click members
Underground rappers
Unsolved murders in the United States
20th-century African-American musicians
Youth Parliament of Canada

The Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada (YPJ Canada) was a youth model parliament that met biennially, and later annually, in the 1980s. The delegates to YPJ Canada were drawn mostly from the eight provincial youth parliaments then operating in Canada.

In 1977, representatives from seven of the eight youth parliaments met to discuss the organization of a national youth parliament. This meeting resulted in the creation of the National Youth Parliament Association (NYPA). The NYPA was a federally incorporated non-profit organization. Two representatives from each provincial youth parliament were appointed as directors of the NYPA, who in turn appointed a six-member executive.

The first session of YPJ Canada met during August 16–23, 1980. The 110 delegates,  met in the Senate chambers of the Canadian Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. YPJ Canada modeled itself on the Westminster Parliamentary system, adopting its own rules based upon House of Commons procedures. While YPJ Canada had a prime minister, Leader of the Opposition, cabinet, shadow cabinet, and committee system similar to a real parliament, the members of YPJ Canada did not represent any political parties. At all times, each member, including cabinet ministers, was entitled to vote according to conscience.

YPJ Canada usually had eight cabinet ministers, one from each of the provincial youth parliaments. Each minister would introduce "legislation" for debate. Unlike some of the provincial youth parliaments, YPJ Canada legislation was never for the establishment of any form of ongoing project. The bills would be limited to the consideration of local, national and international issues of the day. Debates occurred in both English and French, with simultaneous translation available for all delegates.

By the late 1980s, the NYPA was unable to raise the funds necessary to sponsor the annual YPJ Canada sessions. This, among other reasons, led to the collapse of YPJ Canada. The 8th session held in the summer of 1990 was billed as the "10th anniversary session". The following session was the last.

See also 

 Western Canada Youth Parliament
 British Columbia Youth Parliament
 TUXIS Parliament of Alberta
 Saskatchewan Youth Parliament
 Youth Parliament of Manitoba
 Ontario Youth Parliament
 Parlement Jeunesse du Québec
 Newfoundland and Labrador Youth Parliament
 Maritime Youth Parliament

External links
 1982 article in the Canadian Parliamentary Review on Canadian National Youth Parliament: English/French

Canada, Youth Parliament of
Teiglach

Teiglach , also spelled taiglach or teglach (, singular teigel, literally "little dough") are small, knotted pastries boiled in a honeyed syrup. They are a traditional Ashkenazi Jewish treat for Rosh Hashana, Sukkot, Simchat Torah, and Purim.

History
Teiglach date back to the times of the Romans who made strips of fried dough in honey called vermiculi. Italian Jews adopted the dish but it disappeared from their repertoire in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century Franco-German rabbis mentioned eating a dish of fried or baked strips of dough covered in honey called vermesel or verimlish at the beginning of the Sabbath meal. The name went through changes, being called gremsel and then chremsel in Eastern Europe. It is popular on Rosh Hashanah, when it is traditional to eat sweet foods made with honey to usher in a sweet new year.

References

External links
 JoyofKosher.com: Teiglach Recipe and Video
 RecipeLink.com: Teiglach
 Jewish Recipes: Teiglach
 Cyber Kitchen: Teiglach recipe
 Finkel, Sara (1989). Classic Kosher Cooking. Southfield, Mich.:Targum Press Inc. 

Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Cookies
Purim foods
Rosh Hashanah foods
Simchat Torah
Sukkot
Shelter Island Sound

Shelter Island Sound is a body of water in Suffolk County, New York, at the eastern end of Long Island, between the North and South Forks of Long Island, adjoining  Shelter Island.  The bay is surrounded by Little Peconic Bay to the west, Noyack Bay to the south, and Gardiners Bay to the east.

External links
NOAA Chart that includes Shelter Island Sound

Straits of New York (state)
Bodies of water of Suffolk County, New York
Fern Grotto

Fern Grotto is a fern covered, lava rock grotto located on the south fork of the Wailua River, which is on the eastern side of Kauai in the Hawaiian archipelago. Several boat companies give river tours which lead to the grotto. This attraction is known primarily as the most romantic spot on the island of Kauai, and the area can be rented for weddings.

History 
Wailua river flows past the Wailua Complex of Heiau which was a gathering place for the island's chiefs. Pu'uhonua or places of refuge, are located near by as well, along with stones marking the births of new chiefs.

The ferns that the grotto is known for began growing during the plantation era. A basin for storm runoff was built right above the grotto, and water that leaked through encouraged the growth of maidenhair and Boston sword ferns.

Fern Grotto's decline began when it was hit by Hurricane Iwa in 1982. It was then nearly destroyed Kauai was hit by Hurricane Iniki in 1992. Most of the ferns hanging from the grotto were torn from the rocks and, though much of the plant life has rebounded, the grotto has had a difficult time recovering. In spite of the damage, it remains one of the most popular spots on the island.

On April 24, 2006, the grotto was closed by the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources for safety reasons. Heavy rains in March, 2006, caused a number of rocks and boulders to fall from the ceiling of the grotto onto the viewing area below. It was re-opened in 2007 following reinforcement of the rock walls and installation of ramps to access to the grotto. Prior to the 2006 flooding, visitors were allowed to enter the grotto, but today the grotto may only be viewed from the designated observation deck.

Access 
Access to the Grotto is by boat on the Wailua River as part of the Wailua River State Park. Tour boats ply the waters of the park and the Grotto has long been a popular stop on the tour.

Previously, weddings were performed within the grotto, but now they take place on the observation deck facing the grotto.

References

Grottoes
Amphitheaters in the United States
Landforms of Kauai
Tourist attractions in Kauai County, Hawaii
Caves of Hawaii
Montana Highway 81

Montana Highway 81 (MT 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Montana. The highway begins at an intersection with MT 80 north of the hamlet of  Arrow Creek. The highway extends eastward from this point for approximately , ending at an intersection with U.S. Route 191 (US 191) at the post office of Brooks. The landscape traversed by MT 81 is uneven and largely rural, used mainly for agriculture and livestock grazing. For much of its length, the highway is roughly paralleled by the main line of  Central Montana Rail, which is headquartered in Denton.

Before receiving its current designation, MT 81 was designated as Secondary Highway 235.

Major intersections

See also

References

081
Transportation in Fergus County, Montana
Mariko Takahashi (gymnast)

is a gymnast from Japan. She participated in the 2005 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

References

1988 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Japanese rhythmic gymnasts
Female gymnasts
21st-century Japanese women
Illuminares

Illuminares is an annual lantern festival formerly held every summer in John Hendry Park (also known colloquially Trout Lake Park) in east Vancouver. 

The first festival took place in 1989. In 2010, it moved to Canada Place, them returned to John Hendry Park in 2012. It was produced by the Public Dreams Society, a group formed in 1985 to encourage community participation in creativity. A nighttime event, it featured street performers such as fire-breathers, jugglers and bands. Local artists conducted lantern-making workshops, and participants brought their own ornate homemade lanterns. The festival was financed through corporate and community sponsors, government grants, and donations from attendees.

Beginning as a small community festival, it quickly grew into one of Vancouver's most popular events. About 30,000 people attended each year.

Another local lantern festival, the North Shore's Wild Lights Lantern Festival, continues to be held in Edgemont Village.

References

External links
Public Dreams' Illuminares page

Lantern shows
Festivals in Vancouver
Arariel

Arariel (also called Azariel) is an angel who, according to the rabbis of the Talmud, takes charge of the waters of the Earth. Fishermen invoke him so that they may take large fish.  Arariel has also traditionally been invoked as a cure for stupidity.

See also
 List of angels in theology

References

Angels in Judaism
Individual angels
The Videos 1992–2003

The Videos 1992–2003 is a DVD featuring all of the music videos released by the American third wave ska band No Doubt, between 1992 and 2003. It was released first in 2003 as the second disc of the Boom Box box set, and was the companion to the first disc in the set, The Singles 1992–2003. It was later released as a separate DVD on May 4, 2004 (see 2004 in music). The video has been certified gold in the United States.

Track list
"It's My Life"
"Running"
"Underneath It All" featuring Lady Saw
"Hella Good"
"Hey Baby" featuring Bounty Killer
"Bathwater"
"Simple Kind of Life"
"Ex-Girlfriend"
"New"
"Oi to the World!"
"Sunday Morning"
"Excuse Me Mr."
"Don't Speak"
"Spiderwebs"
"Just a Girl"
"Trapped in a Box"

Bonus features
"Don't Speak" (alternate version)
"Bathwater" (Invincible Overlord Remix)
"Video Conversation with No Doubt"

The DVD has been identified as a limited edition, which is quite rare to find.

References

No Doubt video albums
Music video compilation albums
2004 video albums
2004 compilation albums
Interscope Records compilation albums
Interscope Records video albums
Amnisiades

In Greek mythology, the Amnisiades (Ancient Greek: Αμνισιαδες) were nymphs of the river Amnisus, Crete. Twenty of them formed part of Artemis's retinue, which was completed by sixty of the Okeanids.

Children of Potamoi
Naiads
R v Skinner

R v Skinner, [1990] 1 SCR 1235, is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the freedom of expression under section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter").

Background
Dorman Skinner was arrested while trying to proposition an undercover police officer. He was charged with "communicating in a public place for the purpose of obtaining the sexual services of a prostitute" contrary to section 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code. He was convicted at trial. On appeal, Skinner argued the provision of the Criminal Code violated his right to freedom of expression under section 2(b) of the Charter. The Court of Appeal agreed and found a violation that could not be saved under section 1 of the Charter. It was also suggested the provision may also violate the right to freedom of association under section 2(d) of the Charter.

The issues before the Supreme Court was whether section 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code violated sections 2(b) and 2(d) of the Charter, and if so, whether the provision was justifiable under section 1 of the Charter.

In a 4–2 decision, the Court overturned the ruling of the Court of Appeal. It held that the provision violated section 2(b) but was saved under section 1, and did not violate section 2(d).

Opinion of the Court
The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice Brian Dickson. He first found that section 195.1(1)(c) did not violate freedom of association. He stated that the law targets expressive content alone and does not relate to association. The provision does not depend on whether there was an agreement for exchange between consenting individual. Though the law may prevent communication for certain commercial activities it is not sufficient to invoke the freedom of association.

In considering the freedom of expression under section 2(b) of the Charter, Dickson applies the same reasoning from the earlier Reference Re ss 193 and 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code (Man), which found that section 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code violated the freedom of expression but was saved under section 1.

Dissent
Justice Bertha Wilson, supported by Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, dissented. She, unlike Dickson, pointed to the Criminal Code reference decision.

See also
 List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)

External links
 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms case law
Canadian freedom of expression case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1990 in Canadian case law
Battelle

Battelle may refer to:

Places
 Battelle, Alabama, unincorporated community in Alabama
 Battelle Darby Creek Metro Park, metropolitan park located southwest of Columbus, Ohio
 Battelle Hall, multi-purpose arena and exhibit hall located in Columbus, Ohio

Organizations
 Battelle for Kids, non-profit organization focusing on educational improvement, headquartered in Columbus, Ohio
 Battelle Memorial Institute, R&D organization that manages eight national laboratories, headquartered in Columbus, Ohio

People
 Ann Battelle (born 1968), American skier
 Annie Maude Norton Battelle (1865-1925), American suffragette and philanthropist
 Ebenezer Battle also known as Ebenezer Battelle, American politician, and patriot who fought in the American Revolutionary War
 Ebenezer Battelle (1754–1815), American bookseller and patriot who fought in the American Revolutionary War
 Gordon Battelle (minister) (1814-1862), American Methodist minister, abolitionist, Union Army chaplain, and delegate to the West Virginia Constitutional Convention
 Gordon Battelle (1883–1923), American metallurgist and founder of the Battelle Memorial Institute
 John Battelle, (born 1965) American entrepreneur, author, and journalist
 Kenneth Battelle, birth name of Mr. Kenneth (1927-2013), American celebrity hairdresser
 Shane Battelle (born 1971), American soccer player
 Steven Battelle, lead singer, guitarist, writer, and co-founder of the British rock band LostAlone

See also
 Battle (disambiguation)
Lynx Lake (Arizona)

Lynx Lake, Arizona, is a  reservoir located within Prescott National Forest, approximately  east of Prescott, Arizona, in the Bradshaw Mountains. The lake is located at  elevation and is stocked for fishing. It is one of the most popular recreation areas in central Arizona. Mild weather, the cool ponderosa pine forest, trout fishing, boating, mountain hiking, horseback riding, archaeological sites, and bird watching attract visitors from throughout Arizona. The lake was formed in 1952, when a dam was put in Lynx Creek,  below Walker, Arizona.

Ecology
Animals native to the area include mule deer, bald eagles, osprey, and javelinas. Several species have been introduced, including rainbow trout, bull frogs, and domestic ducks and geese. Arizona State Game and Fish Department periodically stocks the lake with rainbow trout. Largemouth bass and crappie are also present in the lake. The lake is open all year.

Plant life in the area consists of ponderosa pine, beargrass, cliff-rose, and alligator juniper.

Activities on Lynx Lake

 Fishing: The lake is open year-round for fishing and is stocked with rainbow trout periodically by the Arizona Game and Fish Department. Sunfish and Catfish (Channel), as well as bullfrogs, may be caught here.
 Camping: Two National Forest Campgrounds near the lake offer 36 campsites.
 Boating: Non-motorized and electric-powered boats are permitted on the lake.
 Hiking: The 2.5- mile Lakeshore Trail loops around the lake.
 Recreational gold panning

References

External links
 USDA Forest Website for Lynx Lake
 Prescott National Forest
 Arizona Boating Locations Facilities Map
 Arizona Fishing Locations Map
 Video of Lynx Lake, Arizona

Reservoirs in Yavapai County, Arizona
Prescott, Arizona
Prescott National Forest
Reservoirs in Arizona
Maritime Youth Parliament

The Maritime Youth Parliament, originally the Maritime Christian Youth Parliament, was a youth model parliament for young people in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. It was one of the provincial youth parliaments that founded and participated in the Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada.

Canadian youth parliaments
Dance of Death (1969 film)

The Dance of Death is a 1969 film version of the 1900 play The Dance of Death by August Strindberg as presented by the National Theatre Company. It stars Laurence Olivier and Geraldine McEwan. The play was directed by Glen Byam Shaw, and the film version was directed by David Giles. Olivier reprised the role of Edgar, Geraldine reprised her role of Alice, but Robert Stephens, who played Kurt, was replaced by Robert Lang.

Previous filmed National Theatre productions include Uncle Vanya (1963) and Othello (1965). Both of these are available on DVD; however, as of 2017, The Dance of Death has never been released on DVD or video.

Plot
An egocentric artillery Captain and his venomous wife engage in savage unremitting battles in their isolated island fortress off the coast of Sweden at the turn of the century. Alice, a former actress who sacrificed her career for secluded military life with Edgar, reveals on the occasion of their 25th wedding anniversary, the veritable hell their marriage has been. Edgar, an aging schizophrenic who refuses to acknowledge his severe illness, struggles to sustain his ferocity and arrogance with an animal disregard for other people. Sensing that Alice, together with her cousin and would-be lover, Kurt, may ally against him, retaliates with vicious force. Alice lures Kurt into the illusion of sharing a passionate assignation and recruits him in a plot to destroy Edgar.

Cast
Laurence Olivier as Edgar
Geraldine McEwan as Alice
Robert Lang as Kurt
Janina Faye as Judith
Malcolm Reynolds as Allan
Jeanne Watts as Old Woman
Peter Penry-Jones asa Lieutenant
Maggie Riley as Karen
Carolyn Jones as Jenny
Frederick Pyne as Sentry
Barry James as Sentry
David Ryall as Sentry

References

External links
 

1969 films
1969 drama films
Films based on works by August Strindberg
British drama films
British films based on plays
Films set in the 1900s
Films set on islands
Films set in the Baltic Sea
Films set in Sweden
1970s English-language films
1960s English-language films
1960s British films
1970s British films
Films produced by John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne
Natural Bridge Park

Natural Bridge Park near Natural Bridge, Alabama, is park in Winston County, Alabama, that has been open since 1954. The current owners are Jim and Barbara Denton.

The park includes picnic accommodations, an artesian well which supplies drinking fountains, a gift shop featuring hand-crafted items, 27 varieties of fern, a variety of hemlock which dates back to the Ice Age and a 30-minute nature trail.

The Natural Bridge formation is 60 ft (18.3 m) high,  long, and composed of sandstone and iron ore.
This bridge is the longest natural bridge east of the Rocky Mountains in North America.

Downhill from the natural bridge is an outcropping of rock, presenting the image of a large American Indian head, in the right profile view, similar to that of an old American Indian Head nickel (see photo). The stone image is just over  high.

As of 2015, admission cost $3.50 for adults. Because of insurance concerns, visitors are not allowed to walk over the bridge, but instead, they view it while walking underneath.

The park is open from 8:00 A.M. until sunset seven days a week.

History
The natural bridge formation dates back about 200 million years. It was formed by water erosion of the weaker sandstone away from the stronger stone bridge spans, creating an erosion feature:  natural-bridge.

The park itself opened in 1954 to the public. It has long been known that the Creek Indians lived in this area, and they probably used the bridge-cave enclosure for shelter. Downhill from the bridge is the image of an Indian stone head; the origin of this formation is unknown.

This location was formerly known as "Lodi."

See also
 Rainbow Bridge National Monument in Utah -  across and  feet tall.
 Natural Bridge (Virginia)

Notes

References
 Alisa Beckwith, "Natural Bridge History", "Small-Town Pride in Natural Bridge", from The Tuscaloosa News, Tuscaloosa, AL, February 10, 2002, webpage: geocities-NatBridge.
 Ettractions.com, "Natural Bridge of Alabama", 2008.

External links
 Photos of "Natural Bridge, Alabama"
 Photos of Natural Bridge
 

Natural arches of Alabama
Protected areas of Winston County, Alabama
Parks in Alabama
Landforms of Winston County, Alabama