alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Toorak Park

Toorak Park is a cricket and Australian rules football arena in the Melbourne suburb of Armadale, Victoria, Australia. It is the home ground of the Prahran Football Club and Old Xaverians Football Club of the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) and Prahran Cricket Club, which plays in the Victorian Premier Cricket competition. The current capacity of the venue is 7,000.

Toorak Park opened in 1893 when it was used by Hawksburn Cricket Club (later Prahran). The Prahran Football Club in the Victorian Football Association began home matches at the venue in 1899, and used it as its home base until it left the Association after 1994. Old Xaverians moved there for the 1995 VAFA season and now share the oval with Prahran, which now also plays in the VAFA.

Toorak Park hosted four VFA Grand Finals between 1935 and 1938, and served as the finals venue (including Grand Finals) for the VFA Division 2 from 1961 until 1984, except in 1967. The ground record attendance for a football match is approximately 17,000, for the 1938 VFA Grand Final between Brunswick and Brighton.

During World War II, several venues used by the Victorian Football League teams were commandeered for military use. The VFA was in recess during World War II, so the St Kilda Football Club, whose Junction Oval was one of the commandeered venues, temporarily moved to Toorak Park, using it as a home base in 1942 and 1943.  also played one home match there in 1942. Altogether, Toorak Park hosted thirteen VFL matches. The highest attendance recorded for a VFL match was 11,000 at the St Kilda vs Richmond match, round 3 of 1943.

In 1959, the Prahran Council leased the ground to the Victorian Rugby Union on alternate Saturdays (when the Prahran Football Club firsts team was playing away) for the considerable sum at the time of £660,  the Prahran Football Club paid only £60 to rent the ground for the whole winter. The VFA rules required that all clubs have access to the same ground throughout the winter, so that the seconds could play home when the firsts played away; as a result, Prahran was expelled from the VFA for that season. The football club secured a winter-long lease in 1960 and returned to the association.

References

Defunct Australian Football League grounds
Sports venues in Melbourne
Sport in the City of Stonnington
Buildings and structures in the City of Stonnington
Eliri people

Eliri is an ethnic group part of the Sudanic people cluster within the Sub-Saharan African affinity bloc. This people group is only found in Sudan. The members of this group speak Eliri and live in South Kurdufan. This group numbers fewer than 10,000 members. Their primary language is Sudanese Arabic. The primary religion practiced by the Eliri is Islam.

References

Nuba peoples
Ethnic groups in Sudan
Gambia Workers' Confederation

The Gambia Workers' Confederation is a trade union centre in The Gambia. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

History 
The Gambia Worker's Confederation was founded in 1985 with M.E. Jallow as its first secretary general, notably the secretary general of the banned, Gambia Workers' Union. The next secretary general was Pa Moudo Faal.

ICTUR reports that secretary general Pa Moudou K.B. Faal was arrested by the National Investigation Agency in both December 1996 and April 1997 when he planned to travel abroad.

References

Trade unions in the Gambia
International Trade Union Confederation

1985 establishments in the Gambia
Whitehill, Hamilton, Scotland

Whitehill was originally a council-built district of Hamilton, Scotland, though now it is a mix between council and privately owned houses. It is situated in the northern area of Hamilton and is bounded by Blantyre to the west and Burnbank to the south. Whitehill contains two primary schools - Beckford Primary School and St Paul's Primary School.

History
Although the official date of Whitehills beginnings is unclear most of the houses built there are semi-detached stone and brick council houses built around the 1920s and 1930s. Some of the other housing are timber houses built in the 1940s with Norwegian timber donated after the Second World War.
Whitehill has always been a very working class area with a diverse group of people living there with people of Irish, Italian, Pakistani, Indian and Polish nationality or origin making up a lot of its residents.

Modernization and improvement
Whitehill has changed a lot since 2004. Both the local park, library and sports barn were pulled down along with a lot of houses to make way for better houses and a new community centre along with a retirement/care home. The Whistlebury (Whistleberry) area of Whitehill was pulled down to make way for new housing. Most people were relocated to other estates in Hamilton or to other areas in Whitehill.
It has had a lot of houses built in it to improve the area, with over two hundred houses demolished and re-built. Other recent developments in the area include the building of a large supermarket on the site of the old brickwork factory; the newly re-built Hamilton Academicals football stadium; and the very recent building of the new Holy Cross High School in the grounds of the Bothwell Road Park, which replaced the old Holy Cross High School in the towns' Muir Street.
The supermarket is built on the former Douglas Park home to the Accies, and the former Barrow Works. The Brickworks was on Auchenraith Avenue at its junction with May Street and entrance to the public park.
The Bothwell Road Park also houses a new centre for the care of people with dementia; named after two local Councillors.

Whitehill's is the location for the Whitehill Stores ltd shop, Take away and Cafe, Hairdressers and Chapel.

References

Neighbourhoods in South Lanarkshire
Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Housing estates in Scotland
International Contemporary Ensemble

The International Contemporary Ensemble (ICE) is a contemporary classical music ensemble, based in New York City and Chicago. ICE performs a diverse and extensive array of chamber, electro-acoustic, improvisatory, and multimedia works.

History

The International Contemporary Ensemble was founded in 2001 by Claire Chase (Ensemble flautist and executive director). The early ensemble—consisting primarily of alumni from the Oberlin Conservatory in Ohio—presented its first Chicago concert at the Three Arts Club in January 2002. In the following year, the Ensemble made its New York City debut at the Miller Theatre, and have since split their activities between Chicago and New York.

Since its founding, the Ensemble has premiered over 500 compositions, many of these commissions and collaborations spawning from their noteworthy residency programs: the 21st Century Young Composers Project and ICElab. In addition to commissioning emerging composers, the ensemble has also premiered numerous works by world-renowned composers, including Georges Aperghis, Alvin Lucier, Pauline Oliveros, John Zorn, David Lang, Liza Lim, Dai Fujikura, Chaya Czernowin, Julio Estrada, Amir Shpilman, George E. Lewis,  Anna Thorvaldsdottir, and Carla Kihlstedt, among others.

The International Contemporary Ensemble has performed at the Lincoln Center Festival (New York), Musica Nova Helsinki (Finland), Wien Modern (Austria), Acht Brücken Music for Cologne (Germany), La Cité de la Musique (Paris), the Darmstädter Ferienkurse (Germany), Mostly Mozart Festival (New York), as well as tours of Japan, Brazil and France. They have held residencies at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Mostly Mozart Festival, New York University, Columbia College (Chicago), and Conservatorio de las Rosas (Morelia, Mexico), among others.

Members

ICE is a flexible collective of thirty-four performing artists, including strings, woodwinds, piano, percussion, voice, light and sound designers. As an artist-run organization, most of ICE’s executive leadership, concert production, marketing, fundraising, technology and database systems are managed by members of the ensemble.

Discography

 Abandoned Time Daniel Lippel (New Focus Recordings, 2008)
 Afterglow composer Keeril Makan (Mode, 2013)

With John Zorn
On the Torment of Saints, the Casting of Spells and the Evocation of Spirits (Tzadik, 2013)

With John Adams
 Son Of Chamber Symphony / String Quartet St. Lawrence String Quartet (Nonesuch, 2011)

References

External links 
International Contemporary Ensemble Official website
digitICE ICE's digital media library
ICE press ICE's press database: articles, interviews, and reviews

Contemporary classical music ensembles
Stylist

Stylist can refer to:

Occupations 
 Automotive stylist or car stylist, a person involved in designing the appearance and ergonomics of automobiles
 Food stylist, a person who makes food look attractive in photographs
 Hair stylist, a person who cuts and styles hair
 Literary stylist, a master or critic of writing style
 Personal stylist, a person concerned with the style of a single individual
 Wardrobe stylist or fashion stylist, a person who chooses clothing and accessories

Other uses 
 Stylist (magazine), a British fashion magazine

See also
 Style (disambiguation)
Jump in the Fire

"Jump in the Fire" is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the second and final single from their debut album, Kill 'Em All. The single was accompanied by fake live performances of "Phantom Lord" and "Seek & Destroy" which were alternate studio recordings with sounds of a crowd overdubbed in.

"Jump in the Fire" is one of Metallica's earliest recorded songs, having been included on Ron McGovney's '82 Garage demo, an unreleased recording. The original lyrics and content, which dealt with sex, were written by Dave Mustaine in his former band Panic at the age of 16. The original version that Mustaine introduced to Hetfield and Ulrich upon joining Metallica was raw. The three worked together on refining the song and the outcome is what is heard on the demo. However, much like the events surrounding "The Four Horsemen", new lyrics were written by James Hetfield upon Mustaine's departure from Metallica. The new lyrics revolve around people being damned to Hell and therefore "jumping in the fire." Lars Ulrich claims that they had written the song to sound like "Run to the Hills" by Iron Maiden, which was popular at the time. Current live performances since 2004 are in D standard tuning, as opposed to the E standard tuning of earlier live performances.

Commemoration
The single sleeve artwork depicts a red-skinned demonic creature basking in flames. This artwork copies the Demon off the cover of Graham Masterton's 1978 novel, The Devils of D-Day (Sphere, 1979 edition), painted by Les Edwards. In 2009, a collectible action figure of this character was released by MediCom Toy Inc. With an original retail price of $99.99, the approximately 12-inch (30.48 cm) tall figure is limited to 1,000 pieces and sold as an online exclusive.

Track listing
International single

Personnel
Credits are adapted from Kill 'Em All liner notes.
 James Hetfield - vocals, rhythm guitar
 Kirk Hammett - lead guitar
 Cliff Burton - bass
 Lars Ulrich - drums

Charts

References

External links
 Original work by Les Edwards used for the artwork of the single "Jump in the Fire"
 "Jump in the Fire" lyrics

1983 songs
1984 singles
Metallica songs
Songs written by Dave Mustaine
Songs written by James Hetfield
Songs written by Lars Ulrich
Megaforce Records singles
Marcia Kramer

Marcia Kramer (born December 30, 1948) is the chief political correspondent for WCBS-TV (CBS 2) in New York City. Kramer has collected many awards for her electronic journalism at the station, and at the New York Daily News newspaper. The awards include: two George Foster Peabody awards, two Edward R. Murrow Awards, eight Emmy awards, two New York Press Club Golden Typewriter awards, and a first-place award from the Associated Press for her investigative reporting. [WCBS-TV web bio]. At the Daily News, she was a staff reporter before she was appointed as the paper's first woman bureau chief in City Hall and Albany.

Kramer joined WCBS-TV in 1990 during a labor disruption at the tabloid. Her broadcast career included many years serving as the host of the station's Sunday morning political show titled "Sunday Edition with Marcia Kramer." The show featured interviews with local and national politicians, as well as round-table discussions with fellow reporters and editors. In 1996, she married Marc Kalech, who was Managing Editor of the New York Post.

During the 1992 New York presidential primary, Kramer asked then-candidate Bill Clinton the question about his past marijuana use, which prompted his response that he had smoked the drug while in college, “but did not inhale.”

In October 2000, during a New York State Senate debate, Kramer asked candidates Hillary Clinton and Rick Lazio what they thought of "Federal Bill 602-P." Kramer described the bill as a proposal to implement a tax on internet email messages. As part of a promotion by the station, the question had been sent in by a listener but the screeners reviewing the questions, Kramer and the candidates were all unaware that the "tax" was actually an internet hoax. The station quickly issued a statement correcting the error.

See also
 New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links
 Bio at WCBS-TV website
 

American television journalists
American women television journalists
New York (state) television reporters
Television anchors from New York City
1948 births
Living people
21st-century American women
St Alban's Roman Catholic High School, Pontypool

St Alban's RC High School (Welsh: Ysgol Uwchradd Catholig Sain Alban) is a  Roman Catholic secondary school in Pontypool, Torfaen, Wales. The school provides education from ages 11-16. The school is situated in Park House, the former home of the Hanbury family in Pontypool Park.

Park House
Built in the late seventeenth century by local ironmaster, Major John Hanbury, the house is in a style popularised by the architect Inigo Jones.

In 1923 the Hanbury family sold the property to the Sisters of the Order of the Holy Ghost. It was initially reopened as a girls' day and boarding school. In 1963, control of the school was passed to the Archdiocese of Cardiff to become St Alban’s RC High School.

In March 2023 - St Albans R.C. High School have opened the doors to its newly refurbished library, thanks to a £1.2 million grant from the Welsh Government.

2008 Estyn report 
According to the Autumn 2008 report by Estyn, the school has a GCSE pass rate of 75% (based on 5 GCSEs, grades A-C) which puts it in equal 17th place in Wales and within the top 10% of secondary schools in Wales. The inspection concluded that: 
St Alban’s Roman Catholic High School is a very successful school with many outstanding features. Its Christian values pervade its work and are important to all members of the school community.

Former students 
 Gareth Maule – Rugby player - Llanelli Scarlets
 Lloyd Burns – Rugby player - Dragons
 Menna Clatworthy - British immunologist who is Professor of Translational Medicine at the University of Cambridge.
 Christian Coleman – Rugby player - Dragons
 Nick Thomas-Symonds - British Labour Party Politician, barrister and academic - MP for Torfaen, May 2015 – Present
 Kevin Owen - British TV News Anchor - former Senior News Anchor at RT International, Moscow 2006–2022, ex-Sky News, BBC World Service, HTV Wales and West, and BBC Wales.

References

Secondary schools in Torfaen
Catholic secondary schools in the Archdiocese of Cardiff
Educational institutions established in 1924
1924 establishments in Wales
Pontypool
Marne

Marne can refer to:

Places

France
Marne (river), a tributary of the Seine
Marne (department), a département in northeastern France named after the river
La Marne, a commune in western France
Marne, a legislative constituency (France)

Netherlands
De Marne, a municipality in Groningen, the Netherlands
Marne tram stop in Amstelveen, the Netherlands

United States
Marne, Iowa, a small city
Marne, Michigan, an unincorporated community
Marne, Ohio, a census-designated place
Marne, West Virginia, an unincorporated community

Other
Marne, Germany, a town in Schleswig-Holstein
Marne (Italy), frazione in the commune of Filago
Marne River (South Australia)

Military uses
Military actions
First Battle of the Marne, 1914, one of the bloodiest battles of World War I
Second Battle of the Marne, 1918, an Allied victory during World War I
Operation Marne, a 2004 Iraq War counterinsurgency operation

Ships
HMS Marne, two Royal Navy destroyers
, a number of French Navy vessels

Other
Marne Barracks, a former Royal Air Force base in Yorkshire, England

People
Marino Marne Intrieri (1907–1969), American football player
Marne Levine (born 1971/72), American businesswoman
Marne Maitland (1920–1991), Anglo-Indian actor
Marnette Patterson (born 1980), American actress
Jean-Louis de Marne (1752–1829), French painter
Marius Mârne (born 1977), Romanian football player

See also
Marna (disambiguation)
Marnes (disambiguation)
Gambia Workers' Union

The Gambia Workers' Union (GWU) was a general trade union in Gambia.

History
The GWU was founded in 1956 by M.E. Jallow, the organisation's first Secretary General, and officially registered in July 1958. Initially organising workers in the construction sector, the union grew in the late 1950s following successful actions with dock workers who won improved wages and bonuses.  In 1959, the union merged with the Gambia Labour Union (GLU), although this merger was annulled shortly afterwards over differences towards independence and international trade union relations. In 1977, the government withdrew the union's certificate of registration following a failure to submit accounts.

See also
Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
Bathurst Trade Union

References

Trade unions in the Gambia
Trade unions established in 1956
1956 establishments in the British Empire
Moneyneany

Moneyneany or Moneyneena (, , and ; ) is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 162. It is situated within Mid-Ulster District.

People
Tony Scullion, Gaelic Football and Hurling player for Ballinascreen and Derry, and receiver of four football GAA All Stars Awards, was born in Moneyneena.
Colonel Brian O'Neill, one of three sons of Owen Roe O'Neill who returned to Ireland with him after serving under him on the continent in 1641, was resident at Moydamlaght in the 1663 Hearth Money Rolls.

References 

Villages in County Londonderry
Townlands of County Londonderry
Mid-Ulster District
Henry Davis (cleric)

Henry Davis was a Christian cleric born in East Hampton, New York, on September 15, 1771. He was the second president of Middlebury College in Vermont, serving from 1809 to 1818. He later became president of Hamilton College, where he served from 1817 to 1833. He died in Clinton, New York, on March 9, 1852.

Publication

External links
Middlebury College

American Christian clergy
1771 births
1852 deaths
Hamilton College (New York) faculty
Presidents of Middlebury College
People from East Hampton (town), New York
People from Clinton, Oneida County, New York
Abyss (Thelema)

In Thelema, the Abyss is the great gulf or void between the phenomenal world of manifestation and its noumenal source.

Theory and practice
The founder of Thelema, author Aleister Crowley, says of the Abyss in his Little Essays Toward Truth:

On a practical level, Crowley's published instructions on the Abyss tell the reader to consider some philosophical problem without using magic or intuition, until the mind focuses on this problem of its own accord: "Then will all phenomena which present themselves to him appear meaningless and disconnected, and his own Ego will break up into a series of impressions having no relation one with the other, or with any other thing." This prepares the student for the mystical experience that Crowley elsewhere calls Shivadarshana. Crowley modeled these instructions on his own experiences in the year 1905. The Vision and the Voice describes two additional methods of entering the Abyss. The first of these "concerns things of which it (was) unlawful to speak openly under penalty of the most dreadful punishment," namely receptive homosexual intercourse under the desert sun that went against Crowley's social habits of conduct or his conscious self-image. The second involves ceremonial magic and focuses more on the theory behind the Abyss.

In the Qabalistic system of Crowley, the Abyss contains the 11th (hidden) sephira, Da'ath, which separates the lower sephiroth from the supernals. This account derives from the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn's view of Genesis, in which Da'ath represents the fall of man from a unified consciousness into a duality between ego and divine nature, which separates us from the divine "Supernals". The Abyss is guarded by the demon Choronzon, who manifests during the third, ceremonial method of crossing this gulf. He represents those parts of one's consciousness and unconsciousness — "a momentary unity capable of sensation and of expression", in Crowley's terms — that are unwilling or unable to enter the Divine. 

According to Grant Morrison in the Richard Metzger Book of Lies, at least, Choronzon

is Existential Self at the last gasp...Beyond Choronzon we are no longer our Self. The "personality" on the brink of the Abyss will do anything, say anything and find any excuse to avoid taking this disintegrating step into "non-being."

"Crossing the Abyss" is regarded as a perilous operation, and the most important work of the magician's career. Success confers graduation into the degree of Magister Templi, or "Master of the Temple."

The Book of Lies
Crowley specifically wrote his 1913 volume, The Book of Lies, for what he called the "Babes of the Abyss" (writing at the start of the book, "It is an official publication for Babes of the Abyss").

See also
 Abyss (religion)
 Abzu
 Magical formula
 Night of Pan

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Thelema
Jersey Royal

The Jersey Royal is the marketing name of a type of potato grown in Jersey which has a Protected Designation of Origin. The potatoes are of the variety known as International Kidney and are typically grown as a new potato.

History
In around 1878 a Jersey farmer, Hugh de la Haye, showed friends a large potato that he had bought. It had 15 'eyes': points from which new plants sprout. They cut this potato into pieces, which they planted in a côtil (a steeply sloping field) above the Bellozanne valley. One plant produced kidney-shaped potatoes, with a paper-thin skin, which they called the Jersey Royal Fluke. This was later shortened to 'Jersey Royal'.

Present day
In modern times, the Jersey Royal is Jersey's biggest crop export, accounting for around 70% of agricultural turnover. Ninety-nine percent of production is exported to the United Kingdom.

In 2012, 28,600 tonnes of the potato, worth £28.6m, were exported from the island. This figure was down from 30,890 tonnes in 2011.

Under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union Jersey Royals are covered by a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).

References

External links
 Jersey Royal promotional site

Jersey culture
Agriculture in Jersey
British products with protected designation of origin
Potato cultivars
Thiophosgene

Thiophosgene is a red liquid with the formula . It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. There are two reactive C–Cl bonds that allow it to be used in diverse organic syntheses.

Preparation
 is prepared in a two-step process from carbon disulfide. In the first step, carbon disulfide is chlorinated to give trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride (perchloromethyl mercaptan), :

The chlorination must be controlled as excess chlorine converts trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride into carbon tetrachloride. Steam distillation separates the trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride, a rare sulfenyl chloride, and hydrolyzes the disulfur dichloride. Reduction of trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride produces thiophosgene:

Tin and dihydroanthracene have been used for the reducing agents.

Reactions
 is mainly used to prepare compounds with the connectivity  where X = OR, NHR. Such reactions proceed via intermediate such as CSClX. Under certain conditions, one can convert primary amines into isothiocyanates.
 also serves as a dienophile to give, after reduction 5-thiacyclohexene derivatives. Thiophosgene is also known as the appropriate reagent in Corey-Winter synthesis for stereospecific conversion of 1,2-diols into alkenes.

It forms a head-to-tail dimer upon irradiation with UV light:

Unlike thiophosgene monomer, a red liquid, the photodimer, an example of a 1,3-dithietane, is a colourless solid.

Safety considerations
 is considered highly toxic.

References

Further reading

Inorganic carbon compounds
Inorganic sulfur compounds
Thiochlorides
Thiocarbonyl compounds
Marne, Germany

Marne is a town in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast, approximately  south of Heide, and  northeast of Cuxhaven.

Marne is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Marne-Nordsee.

gallery

References

External links
 official homepage of Marne (de)

Dithmarschen
Against the Grain (Acoustic Alchemy album)

Against The Grain, Acoustic Alchemy's 8th album, was released on 11 October 1994 under the GRP label.

Despite having only ten tracks, Against the Grain manages to notch up a total play time of 53 minutes because of the band's experimentation with some longer, more drawn out tracks.

The most successful effort from this release was "Lazeez", one of two tracks from this album to appear on the compilation album, "The Very Best Of Acoustic Alchemy" (2002).

Track listing

Personnel 

Nick Webb - Steel String Guitar, 12 String
Greg Carmichael - Nylon String Guitar
Iain McArthur - Programming, Keys (Tracks 1 & 6)
Rainer Bruninghaus - Piano, Keys (Track 3)
John Parsons - Dobro (Track 1,7), Electric Guitar
Paul Harriman - Bass
Bert Smaak - Drums
Luis Jardim - Percussion
Phil Todd - Tenor Sax, Soprano Sax, Flute
Terry Disley - Keys (Track 4,9)
Jerry Douglas - Dobro (Track 5)
Mike Herting - Keys (Track 7)

References

Acoustic Alchemy albums
GRP Records albums
1994 albums
Straw, County Londonderry

Straw () is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 57. It is situated within Mid-Ulster District approximately one mile south-west of Draperstown.

The local church is St. Columba's Catholic Church and the local school is St. Columba's Primary School.

See also
List of townlands in County Londonderry

References 

Villages in County Londonderry
Townlands of County Londonderry
Mid-Ulster District
Abel Bonnard

Abel Bonnard (19 December 1883  31 May 1968) was a French poet, novelist and politician.

Biography
Born in Poitiers, Vienne, his early education was in Marseilles with secondary studies at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. A student of literature, he was a graduate of the École du Louvre.

Politically, a follower of Charles Maurras, his views evolved towards fascism in the 1930s. Bonnard was one of the ministers of National Education under the Vichy regime (1942–44). The political satirist Jean Galtier-Boissière gave him the nickname "la Gestapette", a portmanteau of Gestapo and tapette, the latter French slang for a homosexual. The name, along with the homosexual inclinations it implied, became well known. He was a member of the committee of the Groupe Collaboration, an organisation that aimed to encourage closer cultural ties between France and Germany.

Bonnard was one of only a few members expelled from the Académie française after World War II for collaboration with Germany. Bonnard was condemned in absentia to death during the épuration légale period for wartime activities. However, he had escaped to Spain where Francisco Franco granted him political asylum. In 1960, he returned to France to face retrial for his crimes. Bonnard received a symbolic sentence of 10 years banishment to be counted from 1945, but dissatisfied with the verdict, he chose to return to Spain where he lived out the remainder of his life.

Bibliography

1906  Les Familiers
1908  Les Histoires
1908  Les Royautés
1913  La Vie et l'Amour
1914  Le Palais Palmacamini
1918  La France et ses morts
1924  Notes de voyage : En Chine (1920-1921), 2 vol.
1926  Éloge de l'ignorance
1926  La vie amoureuse d'Henri Beyle
1927  L'Enfance
1928  L'Amitié
1928  L'Argent
1929  Saint François d'Assise
1931  Rome
1936  Le drame du présent : Les Modérés
1937  Savoir aimer
1939  L'Amour et l'Amitié
1941  Pensées dans l'action
1992  Ce monde et moi (selection of aphorisms, posthumous)

References

External links
  L'Académie française

1883 births
1968 deaths
People from Poitiers
French fascists
Groupe Collaboration members
French Ministers of National Education
Government ministers of Vichy France
Members of the National Council of Vichy France
20th-century French poets
20th-century French novelists
20th-century French male writers
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
People convicted of indignité nationale
French politicians convicted of crimes
Expelled members of the Académie Française
French emigrants to Spain
University of Paris alumni
Nazis sentenced to death in absentia by France
Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala

The Jinnah Stadium, formerly known as Municipal Stadium, is a multipurpose stadium in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. It is used mostly for cricket matches. The stadium capacity is 20,000
 And hosted its first and only Test match in 1991. Record-breaking Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar made his ODI cricket debut in 1989 at this ground. The last ODI match played there was between Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2000 and was the first ODI match Aleem Dar umpired.

The Jinnah Stadium is the largest stadium in Gujranwala, followed by the Mini Stadium, an association of football which has a capacity of 15,000.

The creator of this stadium is Alhaj Muhammad Aslam Butt (former mayor of Gujranwala). The stadium designed by Amjad Saleem Tahir CEO Of Aeys Associates and is located on Sialkot road. Today,  it is mostly used for sports day of schools.

Cricket World Cup
This stadium hosted an ODI match in the 1996 Cricket World Cup between Pakistan and UAE.

One Day International centuries
The following table summarizes the One-Day International centuries scored at Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala

Five-wicket Hauls in One Day internationals
Only 1 five wicket haul has been taken at Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala

See also
List of Test cricket grounds
 List of stadiums in Pakistan
 List of cricket grounds in Pakistan
 One-Test wonder

References

Test cricket grounds in Pakistan
Multi-purpose stadiums in Pakistan
Cricket grounds in Pakistan
Sport in Gujranwala
1987 Cricket World Cup stadiums
1996 Cricket World Cup stadiums
Memorials to Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Réunion stonechat

The Réunion stonechat (Saxicola tectes) is a species of stonechat, endemic to the island of Réunion. This small passerine bird is common in clearings and open mountain bushlands there up to 2600 metres above sea level, including in the plains around Piton de la Fournaise.

Taxonomy
The Réunion stonechat was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the flycatchers in the genus Muscicapa and coined the binomial name Muscicapa tectes. Gmelin based his account on "Le gobe-mouche de l'Ilse de Bourbon" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The Réunion stonechat is now placed in the genus Saxicola that was introduced in 1802 by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The scientific name is from Saxicola, "rock-dweller", from Latin saxum, a rock + incola, dwelling in; and tectes, onomatopoetic Neo-Latin after the species' call, from the Réunion Creole name tec-tec.

It is a member of the common stonechat superspecies, but it is distinct, together with its closest relative the Madagascar stonechat S. sibilla being insular derivatives of the African stonechat. Its ancestors probably diverged from the sub-Saharan African lineage as it spread across the continent some 2–2.5 mya during the Late Pliocene.

Description
Overall, the male is black above and white below, but also with a white supercilium (sometimes absent), half-collar, and greater covert patch, and a variable-sized orange patch on the breast. Females differ from males in being browner above, more buff-toned below, and often lacking the white greater covert patch. The white throat and (usually white) supercilium are the most prominent external differences from the African stonechat S. torquatus, which has a wholly black head including the throat and supercilium.

References

External links
Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the Réunion stonechat

Saxicola
Birds described in 1789
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Birds of Réunion
Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium

Pakiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium (Tamil: பாக்கியசோதி சரவணமுத்து மைதானம், )  Colombo Oval or P. Sara or simply PSS is a multi-purpose stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. The stadium holds 15,000 and hosted its first Test match in 1982. It is named after Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu, a former civil servant and first President of the Board of Control for Cricket. The venue is the home ground of the Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club. The P.Sara Oval hosts one Test match per year in Sri Lanka's summer Test calendar, but lost out to Pallekele International Cricket Stadium in 2011 to host Sri Lanka v Australia Tests.

History
The stadium hosted Sri Lanka's first Test, against England in 1982. In 1985, Sri Lanka won their first Test match at this ground, against India.

The ground regularly hosted international matches until 1994, but that was followed by an eight-year lull. In 2002, the ground was used as neutral soil for an Australia vs Pakistan Test Series. The stadium has hosted 15 Test matches, 12 ODIs and one T20I.

It is a relatively small ground, half surrounded by lower-level stands and half by grass banks. The most famous feature is the ivy-covered scoreboard.

Ground figures

International Matches

Key

 P Matches Played
 H Matches Won by Home Side
 T Matches Won by Touring Side
 N Matches Won by Neutral Side
D/N/T Matches Drawn/No Result/Tied

Updated 27 August 2019

Records 
 Stephen Fleming (274 not out) holds the record for highest Test score at this ground.
 Best bowling figures by Shane Warne,7/94 Australia vs Pakistan in 2002.

See also
 List of international cricket centuries at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium
 List of Test cricket grounds
 List of international cricket grounds in Sri Lanka
 List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium

References

External links
 Cricinfo profile on P. Sara

Cricket grounds in Sri Lanka
Multi-purpose stadiums in Sri Lanka
Test cricket grounds in Sri Lanka
Cricket grounds in Colombo
Environmental Media Services

Environmental Media Services (EMS) is a Washington, D.C. based nonprofit organization that is "dedicated to expanding media coverage of critical environmental and public health issues".  EMS was founded in 1994 by Arlie Schardt, a former journalist, former communications director for Al Gore's 2000 Presidential campaign, and former head of the Environmental Defense Fund during the 1970s.

Their primary activities include holding forums that bring scientists knowledgeable in current environmental issues together with journalists, providing web hosting and support for environmental issues sites like RealClimate, and providing recommendations to journalists trying to locate experts knowledgeable on environmental topics.  They also issue press releases related to environmental issues and provide an aggregation service that disseminates recent news on environmental topics.

EMS is closely allied with Fenton Communications (where they shared the same office space and personnel), "the largest public interest communications firm in the [United States]" which specializes in providing public relations for nonprofit organizations dealing with public policy issues.

As of December 31, 2005, Environmental Media Services ceased to function as an independent organization and merged with Science Communication Network.

References

External links
Environmental Media Services website
Appearances by Arlie Schardt on C-SPAN

Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Environmental organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Lora, Norway

Lora is a village in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the confluence of the Lora river and the Gudbrandsdalslågen river. The Lordalen valley lies to the southwest of the village. The village lies midway between the village of Lesja and the village of Lesjaskog. The European route E136 highway and the Raumabanen railway line both run through the village. Lora has one gas station, a farm equipment repair shop, and two grocery stores. The area surrounding the village of Lora primarily consists of dairy and sheep farms.

The Lordalen valley starts at the village of Lora and it heads to the southwest, passing up through the seters, and into the Reinheimen National Park. The valley ends at a broad pass at an elevation of  above sea level. Hiking over that high pass will lead into Skjåk municipality.

References

Lesja
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Gudbrandsdalslågen
Queens Sports Club

Queens Sports Club Ground is a stadium in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It is used primarily used for cricket matches. The stadium has a capacity of up to 13,000. The stadium is the home ground for the Matabeleland Tuskers, who are the current Logan Cup champions. The other cricket ground in Bulawayo is the Bulawayo Athletic Club.

Queen's Sports Club is Zimbabwe's second ground, the first being the Harare Sports Club. It is situated close to the city center is one of international cricket's most picturesque venues, with an old pavilion surrounded by trees which give shade to spectators. Much of the ground consists of grass banking and its capacity of 13,000 is more than enough to cope with demand. Queens Sports Club became Zimbabwe's third Test venue in October 1994. The Zimbabwe national cricket team has had much success at this venue, beating teams like England, West Indies, Australia, Pakistan and the once weak Bangladesh. In recent times however it has been a stadium of horror for the locals, as it was at this venue where Zimbabwe lost to lower ranked Afghanistan.

During a Currie Cup match between Eastern Province and Rhodesia in 1954/55, the scorers' box became a mass of smoke and sparks after electrical equipment was struck by lightning.

See also
List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Queens Sports Club
List of Test cricket grounds

Notes

References

External links
Cricinfo

Cricket grounds in Zimbabwe
2003 Cricket World Cup stadiums
Buildings and structures in Bulawayo
Multi-purpose stadiums in Zimbabwe
Test cricket grounds in Zimbabwe
Sports venues completed in 1893
1890s establishments in Africa
Cat lady (disambiguation)

The term cat lady can refer to several things:

 Cat lady, a woman who dotes upon her cat or cats. The term is commonly used in a pejorative sense to denote an animal hoarder who keeps large numbers of cats without having the ability to properly house or care for them.

Fictional characters
 Eleanor Abernathy (Crazy Cat Lady), a fictional character from the animated television series The Simpsons
 Crazy Old Cat Lady, a fictional character from the animated television series Codename: Kids Next Door
 Catwoman, a fictional character from DC Comics (most often Batman titles)

Video games
 The Cat Lady, a 2012 horror adventure video game
Clisham

The Clisham () is a mountain on North Harris, Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. At , it is the highest mountain in the Outer Hebrides and the archipelago's only Corbett. Climbers often encounter light rain and boggy and muddy terrain.

There are a number of paths up to the Clisham's peak. The fastest way to the summit begins at the car park at the bridge along the A859 road between Stornoway and Tarbert and southeast of the mountain. When the visibility is clear, the view from the summit shows all of the Clisham horseshoe peaks: An t-Isean, Mulla bho Dheas, Mulla bho Thuath, and Mullach an Langa. From the southwest side of the peak, Coire Dubh Slabs is visible, and from the north is Aonaig Mhòr.

A more advanced hike traverses the Clisham horseshoe beginning at the northern part of the Abhainn Scaladail and moving upstream to the foot of the Mullach an Langa ridge. The distance of the Horseshoe is about 12.5 km. Another advanced path along the horseshoe starts at the northwest along the ridge made by the  Mullach an Langa, Mulla-Fo-Thuath and Mulla-Fo-Dheas.

References

Mountains and hills of the Outer Hebrides
Marilyns of Scotland
Corbetts
Harris, Outer Hebrides
Landforms of the Outer Hebrides
Academy of the Holy Cross

The Academy of the Holy Cross is a Catholic college preparatory school sponsored by the Sisters of the Holy Cross and founded in 1868. The academy is located on a  campus in North Bethesda, Maryland (Kensington postal address), north of Washington, D.C.

Notable alumnae 

 Helen Hayes
 Hilary Rhoda, model
 Rhamat Alhassan, volleyball player for Florida and winner of the Honda Sports Award for volleyball

References

External links 

Holy Cross secondary schools
Educational institutions established in 1868
Catholic secondary schools in Maryland
Girls' schools in Maryland
Schools in Montgomery County, Maryland
1868 establishments in Maryland
Kensington, Maryland
Algeria and weapons of mass destruction

In 1991, the government of the United States said it had unearthed details of the alleged construction of a nuclear reactor in Algeria. The Washington Times accused the country of developing nuclear weapons with the help of the Chinese government. The Algerian government admitted it was building a reactor, but denied any secrecy or military purpose. Surveillance from U.S. satellites also suggested that the reactor would not be used for military purposes. China had secretly made an agreement in 1983 to assist Algeria in developing a nuclear reactor.

In November 1991, succumbing to international pressure, Algeria placed the reactor under IAEA safeguards. Algeria signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in January 1995, and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention In August 2001, Algeria acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention. Algeria signed the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons on 20 September 2017, but has not ratified it .

Notes and references

References 
 Ref. 
 http://www.atomicarchive.com/Almanac/Testing.shtml

Politics of Algeria
Weapons of mass destruction by country
Georgian Trade Union Confederation

Georgian Trade Union Confederation (GTUC) is an independent non-profit making organization. GTUC is the most rapidly developing trade union organisations in the South Caucasus, which works in close co-operation with its domestic and international partners. Almost 45% of all employees in the country are members of trades unions. GTUC offers trainings in labour law and organising, as well as providing legal protection to its members.

The goals of GTUC are to promote:
• Formation and development of social and democratic state;
• Strengthen and free development of the international trade union movement;
• European integration;
• Protection of gender equality;
• Protection of basic human democratic rights and independence of trade unions;
• Establishment of healthy labour market competition;
• Creation of a free non-discrimination environment and the promotion of a social climate of employment in the country;
• Activities of woman and youth organizations;

The task of GTUC:
• Formation of national and international economic policy;
• Formation of social, health care and international and national environmental policy and strengthen policy of employment, labour market, prices and consumer market;
• Elaboration of labour, social and other legislation relevant legislations;
• Formation of possibilities of education and cultural policy at the national and international levels;

GTUC has carried and continues to concentrate on the following activities:
• Legislative work, being an author of several drafts;
• Free legal protection of employees; representing them at all national court levels;
• Implementing analyses of social-economic and labour general state in the country;
• Promoting the process of collective negotiations and conclusions of collective agreements;
• Organizing of workers’ strikes, manifestations and demonstrations;
• Representing trade unions in the international arena;

The GTUC is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

External links

Trade unions in Georgia (country)
International Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions established in 1991
1991 establishments in Georgia (country)
National federations of trade unions
General Confederation of Trade Unions
Imizu

is a city located in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 93,447 in 37,734 households and a population density of 850 persons per km². Its total area was .

Geography
Imizu is located in the Tonami plains of western Toyama Prefecture, with a coastline on the Sea of Japan to the north. Much of the area is a dispersed settlement typical of this region of Japan. Himi has a humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Imizu is 14.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2380 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.5 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.7 °C.

Surrounding municipalities
Toyama Prefecture
 Toyama
 Takaoka
 Tonami

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Imizu has remained relatively steady in recent decades.

History
The area of present-day Imizu was part of ancient Etchū Province, and was governed during the Edo period as part of Kaga Domain.

The modern city of Imizu was established on November 1, 2005, from the merger of the city of Shinminato, the towns of Daimon, Kosugi and Ōshima, and the village of Shimo (all from Imizu District). Imizu District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Government

Imizu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 22 members.

Economy

Businesses headquartered in Imizu
Albis, a retail and wholesale company.
Toyo Gas Meter

Education

Colleges and universities
Toyama Prefectural University
Toyama College of Welfare Science
Toyama National College of Technology (Imizu Campus)

Primary and secondary education
Imizu has fifteen public elementary schools and six public middle schools operated by the town government, and three public high schools operated by the Toyama Prefectural Board of Education. The prefectural also operates two vocational schools in Imizu.

Transportation

Railway
 Ainokaze Toyama Railway
  - 
 Man'yōsen Shinminatokō Line
  - 
 Man'yōsen Shinminatokō Line
  -  -  -  -  -  -  -

Highway
Hokuriku Expressway

Local attractions
Kaiwomaru Park, with the training tall ship Kaiwo Maru.
Kosugimaruyama Site, an archaeological park with the ruins of a late Asuka period pottery production site.  It is a National Historic Site.
Kushidashin Site, an archaeological park containing the remnants of a late Jōmon period settlement and two circular Kofun period burial mounds. It is a National Historic Site.

Noted people from Imizu
Matsutaro Shoriki, media mogul, politician, and the father of Japanese professional baseball.
Atsushi Yanagisawa, professional football player.
Shinosuke Tatekawa, rakugo performer, and TV presenter.
Bungo Tsuda, politician.
Megumi Tachimoto, judoka

References

External links

  

 
Cities in Toyama Prefecture
Populated coastal places in Japan
Altwasser

Altwasser may refer to:
Richard Altwasser, a British engineer and inventor, responsible for the hardware design of the ZX Spectrum
Stary Zdrój, a town of Poland