alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
City of Geelong

The City of Geelong was a local government area about  southwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of , and existed from 1849 until 1993.

History

Geelong was the second municipality in Victoria, after the City of Melbourne. It was established under the Geelong Incorporation Act (NSW) in October 1849, and proclaimed as a town on 4 June 1858. On 8 December 1910, it was proclaimed a city.

On 18 May 1993, the City of Geelong was abolished, and along with the Cities of Geelong West and Newtown, the Rural City of Bellarine, the Shire of Corio and parts of the City of South Barwon and the Shires of Barrabool and Bannockburn, was merged into the newly created City of Greater Geelong.

Wards

The City of Geelong was divided into five wards, each of which elected three councillors:
 Barwon Ward
 Bellarine Ward
 Fidge Ward
 Kardinia Ward
 Ormond Ward

Geography

The city consisted of two parts. The main section, which included Geelong City, Breakwater, East Geelong and South Geelong, was bounded by Corio Bay to the northeast, Barwon River to the southeast, Boundary Road to the east and La Trobe Terrace to the west.

An additional section further to the north, between Victoria Street, Bell Parade and Thomson Road, included the suburb of Rippleside and part of Geelong North.

Population

* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.

References

External links
 Victorian Places - Geelong

Geelong City
1849 establishments in Australia
City of Greater Geelong
1993 disestablishments in Australia
Gali Paranthe Wali

Gali Paranthe Wali or Paranthe wali Gali (, literally "the bylane of flatbread") is a narrow street in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, India, noted for its series of shops selling paratha, an Indian flatbread.

History

Gali Paranthe Wali is located in Chandni Chowk, which was established in 1650 during the reign of the Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan, and designed by his daughter, Jahanara Begum. Previously, this lane was known only for its silverware shops, before the Parantha shops moved in, starting in the 1870s, though many sari and jewellery shops remain.

Of the 20 parantha shops in the late 1960s (all belonging to branches of the same family), three remain: Pt Kanhaiyalal Durgaprasad Dixit (established 1875), Pt Dayanand Shivcharan (established 1882). Pt Baburam Devidayal Paranthewale (established 1886). By 1911, this area, known as Chota Dariba or Dariba Kalan, got the name Paranthewali Gali. In the years just after independence, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit came to take their parantha meals in this gali. In the late 1980s many of them closed shop and moved out, though today the street is experiencing a revival and some shops are being run by the sixth generation of the same family.

Bollywood actor Akshay Kumar used to live in the area. Flight lieutenant Tapan Kapoor of the Indian Air Force who died in a rescue operation at Uttarakhand on 25 June 2013 was also a resident of Paranthe Wali Galli.

Food

Cooked dishes do not include onion or garlic, since the owners are Brahmins, and traditionally their clientele has included Jains in the neighborhood.  Varieties include exotic fillings like kaju, badam, matar, Mix Paranthas, rabri, khoya parantha, gobhi parantha, and parat parantha. The parantha is always served with sweet tamarind chutney, mint chutney, mixed vegetable pickle, paneer and potato curry, potato and fenugreek curry, and a sauteed mash of sweet pumpkin.

Drinks
Sweet lassi, often served in kulhars, is also a specialty of this place.

External links

 History of Paranthe Wali Gali
 Best Paratha Restaurants
 Trip to the Gali Paranthe Wali

References
 

Culture of Delhi
Tourist attractions in Delhi
Streets in Delhi
Restaurant districts and streets in India
Energy landscape

An energy landscape is a mapping of possible states of a system. The concept is frequently used in physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, e.g. to describe all possible conformations of a molecular entity, or the spatial positions of interacting molecules in a system, or parameters and their corresponding energy levels, typically Gibbs free energy. Geometrically, the energy landscape is the graph of the energy function across the configuration space of the system. The term is also used more generally in geometric perspectives to mathematical optimization, when the domain of the loss function is the parameter space of some system.

Applications 
The term is useful when examining protein folding; while a protein can theoretically exist in a nearly infinite number of conformations along its energy landscape, in reality proteins fold (or "relax") into secondary and tertiary structures that possess the lowest possible free energy.  The key concept in the energy landscape approach to protein folding is the folding funnel hypothesis.

In catalysis, when designing new catalysts or refining existing ones, energy landscapes are considered to avoid low-energy or high-energy intermediates that could halt the reaction or demand excessive energy to reach the final products.

In glassing models, the local minima of an energy landscape correspond to metastable low temperature states of a thermodynamic system.

In machine learning, artificial neural networks may be analyzed using analogous approaches. For example, a neural network may be able to perfectly fit the training set, corresponding to a global minimum of zero loss, but overfitting the model ("learning the noise" or "memorizing the training set"). Understanding when this happens can be studied using the geometry of the corresponding energy landscape.

Formal definition 

Mathematically, an energy landscape is a continuous function  associating each physical state with an energy, where  is a topological space.

In the continuous case, , where  is the number of degrees of freedom of the system. The graph of a continuous energy landscape is a hypersurface in .

Hills and valleys in the energy landscape correspond to local maxima and minima of , respectively.

Macroscopic example 

A well-oiled door hinge has one degree of freedom, so its energy landscape is a function . If the door hinge isn't mounted perfectly, the door will naturally swing closed, open, or to some partially open angle when it is allowed to swing freely. These angles correspond to states of minimal energy of the system, or valleys in the energy landscape.

See also 
 Potential energy surface
 Potential well

References 

Biochemistry
Andrew Williamson (judge)

Andrew Williamson was the Deputy Deemster of the Isle of Man.  
Andrew Williamson was born in Douglas in December 1946 and brought up in Kirk Michael.  He was educated at Michael School and then his local Secondary school, Ramsey Grammar School, before leaving the island to study law at Nottingham Regional College of Technology.  He then joined the Middle Temple and was subsequently called to the bar.

After being called to the bar, he practiced in and around London and became deputy clerk to the justices in inner London for two years before becoming clerk to the justices in Ashford, Kent.  He then returned home and was appointed Deputy High Bailiff.  He went on to become High Bailiff and an Acting Deemster for 6 years before become Deputy Deemster, specializing in family law, landlord and tenant and contract cases.  He retired on 6 January 2008.

Judicial positions
Deputy High Bailiff, 6 January 1988 – January 1995
High Bailiff, January 1995 - 1 September 2002
Deputy Deemster, 1 September 2002 – 6 January 2008

References

Manx judges
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Philippe Véron

Philippe Véron (2 March 1939 – 7 August 2014) was a French astronomer. He worked at Observatoire de Haute Provence, where he was director from 1985 to 1994.

He studied variability and statistics of quasars, as well as elliptical galaxies. He was married to French astronomer Marie-Paule Véron-Cetty, and together with her compiled and maintained the Veron-Cetty Catalog of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei, whose thirteenth edition was published in 2010.

At the time of his death, he was working on the Dictionnaire des Astronomes Français 1850–1950 (Dictionary of French astronomers 1850–1950), which is a biographical encyclopedia. It is unpublished but is available online in PDF form at http://www.obs-hp.fr/dictionnaire.

Asteroid 5260 Philvéron is named after him.

References

External links 
 Recent publications, form NASA Astrophysics Data System website

20th-century French astronomers
1939 births
2014 deaths
21st-century French astronomers
Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads

Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads is a 1983 student film by American filmmaker Spike Lee. Lee submitted the film as his master's degree thesis at the Tisch School of the Arts.

Production
Lee's classmates Ang Lee and Ernest R. Dickerson worked on the film as assistant director and cinematographer, respectively. The film was the first student film to be showcased in Lincoln Center's New Directors New Films Festival. Lee's father, Bill Lee, composed the score. The film won a Student Academy Award.

Plot
The film is set in a Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn barbershop where customers come to hang out, discuss various issues, and get a haircut. The manager, Zack, took over after Joe was killed by a gangster who used the shop as a front for a numbers racket. Zack wants to keep the shop legitimate but the gangster wants to continue the deal he had with Joe.

See also
American Taboo-another student film that also won the Student Academy Award the same year as Spike's film
1983 in film

References

External links
 
 

1983 films
1980s crime films
American comedy-drama films
American crime comedy films
American independent films
Films directed by Spike Lee
Films set in Brooklyn
Films with screenplays by Spike Lee
American student films
1983 comedy-drama films
African-American films
Student Academy Award winners
Films about hairdressers
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
Dave Clarke (musician)

David Patrick Clarke (born January 28, 1948) is an American singer, guitarist and keyboard player. He was a member of The Noel Redding Band in the 1970s. In 1994, he became a member of The Kast Off Kinks, and has been ever since.

Biography
Dave Clarke was born on January 28, 1948. Clarke started playing piano at the age of 4 and guitar at 9. His first record in 1963 (at the age of 15) was produced by Luigi Creatore at New York's Roulette Records. Often confused with his Dave Clark Five namesake, his 1971 solo album Pale Horse saw him temporarily renamed as Dave Carlsen. The album featured Keith Moon and Noel Redding.

He also auditioned for David Bowie at the Lyceum in 1971 but didn't go on the Ziggy Stardust Tour.

Clarke formed The Noel Redding Band with Redding, Les Sampson and Eric Bell (after false starts with Pete Kircher, Mickey Gee and Mick Taylor). Despite the name, the band's songwriting and lead vocal duties were shared equally by Clarke and Redding. The band went on to two singles, two albums on RCA (Clonakilty Cowboys and Blowin') and four major US tours. Another album was eventually released later on Dave's own Mouse Record label. He then formed White Line with Jimmy McCulloch and his brother Jack, releasing two singles and one album.

Clarke met Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston in London in 1977 and went to California on the Beach Boys payroll. He formed a band in Los Angeles with members of Spirit, Jo Jo Gunne and The Undisputed Truth – all Clarke's songs, some of which were later released on his second solo album under the name The Dream Machine. Jimmy McCulloch instigated another new LA band featuring Jim, Dave, Carl Wilson and Terry Kath. Terry died prematurely, the band would soon follow. Songwriter throughout for Southern Music, ATV Music, Screen Gems and Heath-Levy.

Dave Clarke joined the Royal Navy in 1979 and after active service in the Falklands War and elsewhere, retired as Commander in 1992. He then set up Mouse Records and formed Shut Up Frank with Mick Avory, Noel Redding, Jim Leverton, Richard Simmons and Dave Rowberry.

He collaborated on and off with Tim Rose from 1974 until Tim's death in 2002, including shows in Ireland and England and three albums.

He has been lead singer and lead guitarist with The Kast Off Kinks since 1994.

References

External links
 Official Kast off Kinks website
 Mouse Records

Living people
1948 births
American male singers
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
The Kinks members
Place of birth missing (living people)
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the Falklands War
20th-century American guitarists
The Noel Redding Band members
American male guitarists
Faust IV

Faust IV is the fourth studio album by the German krautrock group Faust, released in 1973. The album is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, where it is referred to as a "krautrock classic".  This was the last album by the first incarnation of the band, they returned in 1994 with the release of Rien featuring a different line-up.

Recording
The album was recorded at the Manor Studio in England. As the sessions took too long to complete, producer Uwe Nettelbeck opted to complete the album with material that was recorded at previous sessions in Wümme in Bremen, Germany. These additions include "Krautrock" (previously aired on the John Peel show) and "It's a Bit of a Pain" (previously released as the b-side of the "So Far" single in Germany).

Music
The opener, "Krautrock", is a drone-based instrumental with drums appearing after seven minutes, while later tracks such as "The Sad Skinhead" and "Jennifer" employ more conventional songwriting techniques.  The closing track, "It's a Bit of a Pain", combines both styles, utilising noise during its chorus. At a point late in the song, following the chorus a woman's voice speaking in Swedish is heard. The track "Just A Second" had the notation "starts like that!" added to the title on the CD reissues. The track numbering on the original CD was incorrect and misleading. The liner notes on the 2CD remaster contain many inaccuracies.

Track listing
1973 release:

The published track listing contains a number of errors. Track 5, "Giggy Smile / Picnic on a Frozen River, Deuxieme Tableau" is incorrectly listed as "Picnic on a Frozen River, Deuxieme Tableau". Track 6, "Läuft...Heisst Das Es Läuft Oder Es Kommt Bald...Läuft", is incorrectly listed as "Giggy Smile". "Run" is incorrectly listed as "Läuft...Heißt Das Es Läuft Oder Es Kommt Bald…Läuft".

Personnel
Werner "Zappi" Diermaier – drums
Hans Joachim Irmler – organ
Jean-Hervé Péron – vocals, bass
Rudolf Sosna – vocals, guitar, keyboards
Gunther Wüsthoff – synthesizer, sax

Sound and art work
Kurt Graupner – engineer
Uwe Nettelbeck – producer, cover artwork
Gunther Wüsthoff – cover artwork

Reception
Some fans of Faust's earlier work felt that it was a "sell-out" album, for suggested reasons including more "palatable" songs such as The Sad Skinhead and Jennifer which are today praised as some of the band's best lyrical work.

Madlib sampled The Sad Skinhead in 2013 for his album Rock Konducta, Pt. 1 on the track "Far Faust".

Re-release
Faust IV was re-released on two CDs in February 2006 by EMI.

References

External links
Faust IV at faust-pages.com.
News of Faust IV re-release at faust-pages.com.
Faust IV Virgin Records (V2004) LP release at Discogs.

1973 albums
Faust (band) albums
Virgin Records albums
Albums produced by Uwe Nettelbeck
Richard Ely Bird

Richard Ely Bird (November 4, 1878 – January 10, 1955) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for the 8th District of Kansas from 1921 to 1923. Bird was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on November 4, 1878. He moved with his parents to Wichita, Kansas in 1887 and attended the public schools there. He was graduated from Wichita High School in 1898. Bird later studied law and was admitted to the Kansas bar in 1901. He opened his legal practice in Wichita. In 1916 he became a judge of the district court of the 18th Judicial District of Kansas and was serving in that capacity when elected to congress during the Warren G. Harding presidential landslide of 1920.

Bird unseated incumbent Democratic Congressman William Ayres by a narrow margin of 30,076 (49.4%) to 29,899 (49.1%). Bird's victory meant that all eight Kansas congressional districts would be represented by Republicans. Rep. Bird would lose his reelection bid in 1922 by a margin of 37,581 (62%) to 22,721 (38%) against former Congressman Ayres and thus resumed the practice of law. Bird ran once more for congress in 1928 against Rep. Ayres but lost by a total of 46,117 (58%) to 32,802 (42%) despite the Herbert Hoover Republican landslide. He retired from public life in 1937 and moved to Long Beach, California, where he died on January 10, 1955. He is buried in Maplegrove Cemetery in Wichita, Kansas.

External links

1878 births
1955 deaths
Politicians from Cincinnati
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas
Kansas lawyers
Kansas state court judges
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas
California Republicans
Richard Graham-Vivian

Richard Preston Graham-Vivian  (10 August 1896 – 1979) was a long-serving English officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. He was the younger son of Sir Richard James Graham, 4th Baronet, and Lady Mabel Cynthia Duncombe.

During the First World War he served as an officer in the King's Royal Rifle Corps and was awarded the Military Cross.  He relinquished his commission on 17 January 1919. On 7 December 1921, he married Audrey Emily Vivian, who was an only daughter, and the source of the second surname that the couple adopted in 1929 (by Royal Licence).

His heraldic career began in 1933 when he was appointed Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary at the College of Arms. He held this office until 7 February 1947, other than for a period of leave when he returned to the army during the Second World War. On that date, he was promoted to the office of Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary to fill the vacancy left by the death of Alfred Trego Butler. He remained a herald in ordinary until 1966, when he was made Norroy and Ulster King of Arms on the retirement of Aubrey John Toppin. Graham-Vivian would hold this office until his own retirement 1971. He was made an Officer of the Venerable Order of Saint John in 1949.

In the 1961 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was made a Member (fourth class) of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO). He died in 1979.

Arms

See also
Pursuivant
King of Arms

References

The College of Arms
CUHAGS Officers of Arms Index

English officers of arms
English genealogists
Members of the Royal Victorian Order
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
1896 births
1979 deaths
Recipients of the Military Cross
British Army personnel of World War I
Greater false vampire bat

The greater false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) is a species of bat in the family Megadermatidae, the false vampire bats. It is native to Asia. It is also known as the Indian false vampire bat or greater false-vampire

Description 
This species is  in length and weighs . The average forearm length is about . It has large ears and no tail. Its fur is blue-gray in color overall and brownish gray on the underside. It has an erect noseleaf about 10 millimeters long.

Distribution 
This bat is widespread throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia. It occurs in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Biology
This species is highly carnivorous; its diet includes other bats, small birds, reptiles, fish, and large insects. It is a gleaning bat, one which captures prey from the ground and from water surfaces. It takes advantage of many habitat types. Adults hunt from dusk to dawn, commuting up to 4 kilometers.

L. lyra uses a combination of hunting strategies. About 85% of prey is captured during short searching flights in which it flies about half a meter above the ground. It also utilizes a sit-and-wait strategy, perching about two meters above the ground to wait for prey. It uses echolocation. It is capable of hunting using both vision and passively listening for its prey, and has also been observed catching prey in complete darkness without echolocation.

Females segregate themselves from males after mating. Gestation lasts 150 to 160 days, and the female bears one or two pups. Females carry small pups with them during foraging, but leave larger pups in the roost. Young nurse for 2 to 3 months.

Notes

References
Audet, D., et al. (1991). Foraging behavior of the Indian false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae). Biotropica 23(1) 63-67.
Ratcliffe, J. M., et al. (2005). Hunting in unfamiliar space: echolocation in the Indian false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra, when gleaning prey. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58, 157-64.

External links

Megaderma lyra. EOL: Encyclopedia of Life.
Megaderma lyra. NCBI Taxonomy Browser.

Further reading
Kastein, H. B., et al. (2013). Auditory pre-experience modulates classification of affect intensity: evidence for the evaluation of call salience by a non-human mammal, the bat Megaderma lyra. Frontiers in Zoology 10:75.
Obrist, M. K. (1995). Flexible bat echolocation: The influence of individual, habitat and conspecifics on sonar signal design. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36(3) 207-19.
Rajan, E. and G. Marimuthu, G. (2006). A preliminary examination of genetic diversity in the Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 29(2), 109-15.

Bats of Asia
Megadermatidae
Mammals described in 1810
Bats of India
Ernie Carroll

Ernest Carroll (26 May 1929 – 30 March 2022) was an Australian puppeteer, entertainer, radio and television personality, comic writer, television producer and comic strip writer, most recognised for his role as the sidekick opposite Daryl Somers, as the man behind (and inside) Ossie Ostrich on Hey Hey It's Saturday, Cartoon Corner and The Daryl and Ossie Show.

Life and career

Early life
Carroll was born in Geelong, the son of a fruit farmer. After attending the Vincent School of Broadcasting in Melbourne, he made his radio début on 3TR which at that time was based in Sale. He became well-known at Geelong radio station 3GL in the 1950s, and joined Melbourne television station GTV-9 in its first active year, 1956, as a producer for children's television. He worked on shows such as The Tarax Show both on screen and as a producer, and later wrote for Graham Kennedy. He created the character of the "squeaky-voiced moppet" Joy-Belle and Professor Ratbaggy, which owed its origins to Denzil Howson's Professor Nitwitty from the late 1950s, and he appeared as Uncle Ernie. He also penned the comic strip versions of Gerry Gee, Joy-Belle and Ossie Ostrich.

Career
His greatest fame was as the puppeteer and voice of "Ossie Ostrich", initially on The Tarax Show, then on the long-running and successful variety show Hey Hey It's Saturday with Daryl Somers. Carroll hired Somers to work on Cartoon Corner, and played the role of Ossie when Somers' co-host, the footballer Peter McKenna, was forced to withdraw: Carroll "decided to replace McKenna with ... one of his old puppet characters he had stashed in a suitcase." Cartoon Corner, with Somers and Carroll as hosts, ran between 1971 and 1977, when both men left the Nine Network for the 0-10 Network and The Daryl and Ossie Show, an arrangement that would only last a year and which saw them return to Nine in 1979. Ossie, played by Carroll, was also Somers' sidekick on Hey Hey from 1971 until December 1994, when Carroll retired. He reprised his role as Ossie in 2009 with the second Hey Hey reunion special and later returned to the show's reinstatement in 2010. Carroll and Somers created the television production company Somers Carroll Productions.

Carroll was notoriously eager to keep the illusion of Ossie separate from his role as puppeteer; for instance, he would refuse to have his picture taken with the puppet. An article about Carroll in The Age in 1993 described one episode of Hey Hey in which Nigel Kennedy told viewers "something like, 'Hey look, there's a bloke over there with his arm up the bird'", to which Carroll responded with "a rare on-air putdown ... 'Some people have no sense of fantasy!'"

Death
Carroll died on 30 March 2022, aged 92, at Racecourse Grange Aged Care in Mornington, Victoria, Australia, where he had lived with his partner of almost 50 years, Miffy Marsh.

References

External links
 

1929 births
2022 deaths
Australian television presenters
Australian radio personalities
Male actors from Melbourne
Male actors from Geelong
Australian puppeteers
Portarlington

Portarlington may refer to:

Places
Portarlington, County Laois, on the border between County Laois and County Offaly, Ireland
Portarlington railway station
Portarlington (Parliament of Ireland constituency), a constituency until 1801 in Ireland
Portarlington (UK Parliament constituency), 1801-1885
 Portarlington GAA, a Gaelic football club
Portarlington RFC, a rugby union club
Portarlington, Victoria, Australia
Portarlington Football Club, an Australian rules football club

People
 Earl of Portarlington, a title in the Peerage of Ireland
 John Dawson, 2nd Earl of Portarlington (1781-1845), British Army officer
 Henry Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington (1822-1889), Irish peer
 Lionel Dawson-Damer, 4th Earl of Portarlington (1832-1892), British politician
 Aidan Howlin, 5th Earl of Portarlington (1864-1920), British barrister

See also
Kalle Larsson

Karl "Kalle" Larsson (born 1969) is a Swedish politician active in the leadership of the Left Party, and a member of the Riksdag 1998–2010. Following the 2006 party congress Larsson was elected to the Executive Committee of the party.

References

1969 births
21st-century Swedish politicians
Living people
Members of the Riksdag 1998–2002
Members of the Riksdag 2002–2006
Members of the Riksdag 2006–2010
Members of the Riksdag from the Left Party (Sweden)
Swedish male bloggers
Swedish communists
Hayling Billy

Hayling Billy is a   Local Nature Reserve on Hayling Island in Hampshire. It is owned by Hampshire County Council and managed by Hampshire Countryside Service. It is part of Chichester and Langstone Harbours Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation and Langstone Harbour Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This is a footpath along the former Hayling Island branch railway line along the eastern shore of Langstone Harbour between Havant and South Hayling.

References

Local Nature Reserves in Hampshire
Åsa Linderborg

Åsa Natacha Linderborg (née Andersson, born 20 May 1968) is a Swedish writer, columnist and  historian . She writes regularly for Aftonbladet, where she works as chief cultural editor.

Åsa Linderborg was born in the city of Västerås, where she also grew up. Her father worked as a metalworker and her mother, Tanja Linderborg, is a former politician and Member of Parliament for the Left Party. Åsa Linderborg herself became a member of the Left Party – Communists in 1980 and the following year of its youth wing, the Communist Youth. In 1987, she became an ombudsman for the Communist Youth in Mälardalen.
Linderborg graduated with a Ph.D. in history from Uppsala University in 2001 with the dissertation Socialdemokraterna skriver historia: Historieskrivning som ideologisk maktresurs ("Social Democrats Write History: History Writing Used as an Ideological Power Resource"), about the Swedish Social Democratic Party.

Mig äger ingen (Nobody Owns Me), was released. The book received good reviews and was nominated for the August Prize in the category best Swedish-language novel of the year. The book was later the basis for a film of the same name starring Mikael Persbrandt.

On 27 March 2008, Linderborg was presented as the new deputy cultural editor of Aftonbladet, with Karin Magnusson becoming the chief cultural editor. In 2009 Linderborg replaced Magnusson as chief cultural editor. Shortly after she moved into this position, the Aftonbladet-Israel controversy erupted due to an article published in Aftonbladet's culture pages on alleged Israeli organ harvesting from Palestinians.

In 2017, accusations of misconduct were published under her responsibility against the theatre director Benny Fredriksson, 
forcing him to resign, and apparently leading to his suicide three months later.

Awards 
 2007 – ABF:s litteraturpris
 2007 – BMF-plaketten
 2007 – Lundequistska bokhandelns litteraturpris
 2008 – Ivar Lo-Johanssons personliga pris

References 

1968 births
Living people
People from Västerås
Swedish communists
Left Party (Sweden) politicians
21st-century Swedish historians
Swedish women non-fiction writers
Swedish political writers
21st-century Swedish novelists
Swedish women novelists
Writers from Västmanland
Uppsala University alumni
Swedish women historians
Max Pallenberg

Max Pallenberg (born 18 December 1877 in Vienna as Max Pollack – 26 June 1934 in Karlovy Vary) was an Austrian singer, actor and comedian.

Although Pallenberg's career started in 1904 it wasn't until 1909 that he joined Theater an der Wien and (as of 1911) Vienna's Deutsches Volkstheater. However, it was at Berlin's Deutsches Theater where he left a lasting mark on German theatrical practice. He worked there with Max Reinhardt.

Pallenberg's stellar role was in the Erwin Piscator's dramatic adaptation of Jaroslav Hašek's novel The Good Soldier Schweik.

In 1917 he married Fritzi Massary who was one of the divas of the 1920s. In 1933 they left Germany for Austria. A year later he died in an airplane crash near Karlovy Vary in today's Czech Republic. He was cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering, where his ashes are also buried.

Pallenberg also starred in several films:

 "Pampulik als Affe" (1912)
 "Pampulik kriegt ein Kind" (1912)
 "Pampulik hat Hunger" (1913)
 "Max und seine zwei Frauen" (1915)
 "Der rasende Roland" (1915)
 "Kapellmeister Pflegekind" (1915)
 "Die Nacht und der Leichnam" (1921)
 The Virtuous Sinner (1931) with Heinz Rühmann

External links 

 
 Photographs and literature
 Contemporary Portrait of Max Pallenberg by Malva Schalek - http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~catherine.stodolsky/malva/vienna/maxp1.jpg]
Kurt Tutcholsky's portrait of Max Pallenberg – https://www.textlog.de/tucholsky-max-ulysses.html
 Max Pallenberg : Lithographien, a set of illustrations by Charlotte Berend-Corinth at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York 

1877 births
1934 deaths
Austrian male stage actors
Austrian male film actors
Austrian male silent film actors
Austrian expatriates in Germany
Male actors from Vienna
20th-century Austrian male actors
Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering
Tarax

Tarax is an Australian brand of soft drink, available in several flavours, and sold in cans and bottles.
 
The name Tarax, itself was the brand-name of an independent soft drink manufacturer and bottler, from the state of Victoria.

History
George Pethard Snr. (1855–1929), an English-born storeman based in Numurkah, Victoria, established a business selling a herbal soft drink described as a "non-alcoholic beer"  made without yeast, known as "Taraxale". "Tarax" derived from "taraxacum", the Latin name for the dandelion.

George Pethhard Jnr. (1885–1961) joined his father's business in 1898 and moved to Bendigo in 1902, establishing the business behind "Taraxville", his home in the suburb of Golden Square. The business was expanded between the Wars, with Tarax Bars being established throughout Victoria.
After World War II, the company restricted itself to selling conventional carbonated soft drink.

Awards
In the 1950s Tarax won an Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology Award for its co-production of a flame spin sterilizer.

Popular culture
Tarax was a marketing innovator, including sponsorship of the long-running Tarax Happy Show on television from 1957, compered by Happy Hammond and later, "Uncle" Norman Swain, and the development of new packaging, such as the steel can. Their mascot Tommy Tarax was a character who appeared on bottle tops and advertising displays, and on TV as a puppet with ventriloquist Ron Blaskett.

Flavours
Producing a wide range of flavours including lemonade, orange, lime ("Limelite"), kola, lemon, pineapple, raspberry ("Crimson"), root beer, bitter lemon, "Solo", and "Panda", and the American "Dixi-Cola", Tarax was at its peak in the 1960s and was one of the top-selling soft drink brands in Victoria.

A Tarax jingle that was part of an advertising campaign associating the brand with Australian Rules Football was :
All the Top Men 
Drink the Popular Ten, 
Tarax Top Ten flavours. 
Be a Top Man,
Drink a bottle or can.
Tarax Top Ten!
Also
Oranges turn into Tarax,
Lovely lovely Tarax.
Oranges turn into Tarax,
The drink from the top of the tree.

They did can UDL pre-mix alcoholic drinks at the Huntingdale site for many years and had an unsuccessful attempt to produce a flavored UHT milk drink in a can.

Acquisitions
Cadbury Schweppes took over Tarax in 1972, but continued to market Tarax soft drinks as a regional brand to complement its national brands.

In the 1970s the brand re-invented itself, with the dropping of several flavours and the introduction of "Black Label" in lemonade and orange. An extensive advertising campaign that featured actress Abigail. Later Pamela Gibbons, also of Number 96, performed in the Black Label commercials.

While Tarax's popularity has waned since the 1970s, it has still remained on the market, albeit with far lower prominence, relegated primarily to supermarket shelves.

References

External links
Pictures at the State Library of Victoria
Tarax Huntingdale
Tarax delivery trucks in loading bay.
Tarax West Brunswick

Drink companies of Australia
Soft drinks
Australian drinks
Australian brands
Australian cuisine
Papilio arcturus

Papilio arcturus, the blue peacock, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent.

Description

Male has the upper wings brownish black, somewhat paler on the forewing than on the hindwing. Forewing irrorated (sprinkled) with brilliant golden-green scales that on the posterior half of the wing form a broad, not well-defined subterminal band; the veins and elongate streaks between them on the outer half of the wing velvety black. Hindwing has the posterior three-fourths irrorated with brilliant golden-green scales as on the forewing but towards the base anteriorly these are blue; a conspicuous brilliant blue patch somewhat irregular in shape occupies the apex of the cell and the bases of interspaces 5 and 6, prolonged as a broad streak in the latter interspace up to the terminal margin; below this a more or less triangular patch on the disc and above it the whole of the costal margin broadly are devoid of the irroration of green scales; a subterminal generally incomplete series of large claret-red lunules terminates at the tornal angle in a large conspicuous black-centred red ocellus; the latter is encircled above and anteriorly by a narrow band formed by a conflux of the green irrorated scales; the lunules are bordered outwardly by spots of the ground colour that are devoid of the green scales; finally both the lunules and the tornal ocellus are tinged more or less with bluish purple on their inner margins, underside dull black, with a somewhat sparse irroration of yellowish-white scales confined on the forewing to the base and apex, and on the hindwing to the posterior two-thirds, not extended to the termen except along the tail. Forewing: a broad ill-defined subterminal pale transverse area, crossed by the black veins and internervular streaks, and elongated pale cellular streaks. Hindwing: a large somewhat quadrate terminal black-centred claret-red patch in interspaces 1 and 2, and a subterminal series of broad claret-red lunules that extends from interspaces 3 to 7, followed by ill-defined anteciliary red spots in each interspace. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings white, alternated with black. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen brownish black; the head, thorax and abdomen at base on the upperside sprinkled with golden-green scales.

The female is similar to the male but the markings are more prominent. Upperside of forewing has the subterminal golden-green band broader and on the hindwing the subterminal series of claret-red lunules more complete than in the male.

References

Other sources
Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: Papilio, Subgenus Achillides, Bhutanitis, Teinopalpus. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach.  Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books 

arcturus
Insects of Pakistan
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1842
Richard Bird (actor)

Richard Bird (4 April 1895 – December 1979) was an English actor and director of stage and screen. Born George, Bird took the stage name Richard Bird after being nicknamed "Dickie" by his theatre colleagues.

After working in a newspaper office for a year he made his stage debut as a member of the Liverpool Repertory Company in 1917. He went on to appear on both the London, (vide (Latin) 'The French Mistress') and American stage, making his film debut in some silent shorts during 1919.

He appeared in films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, playing the lead roles in quota quickies The Warren Case and What Happened Then? (both 1934). His film roles of the 1930s tended towards melodrama, such as the jealous Ernest in Maurice Elvey's The Water Gipsies (1932), and the murderous Eric opposite Matheson Lang in The Great Defender (1934). Middle-age made his characters more affable and his later films showcase his ability at light comedy, such as the sleepy Inspector Sneed in The Door with Seven Locks (1940); the dual role of bumbling Arthur and the Ghost in Don't Take It to Heart (1944); and the dog-obsessed Jennings in Forbidden (1949). He was the romantic lead in I'll Walk Beside You (1943), and had one of his most high profile roles in the ensemble cast of Ealing's supernatural drama The Halfway House (1944). He continued acting into the 1950s and 1960s, mainly in television series such as Ivanhoe, Probation Officer and Public Eye, as well as small roles in a couple of Anglo-Amalgamated's Edgar Wallace Mysteries films.

He directed the 1938 film version of Edgar Wallace's The Terror, as well as the 1943 stage adaptation of Graham Greene's Brighton Rock at the Garrick Theatre, London. Two of the cast members in the production, Richard Attenborough and Hermione Baddeley, reprised their roles in the Boulting brothers' acclaimed film version of 1947.

In 1931 Bird married stage actress Joyce Barbour in London. He died in Northwood, Middlesex in 1979 aged 84.

Filmography
 Tilly of Bloomsbury (1931)
 Number, Please (1931)
 The Professional Guest (1931)
 Impromptu (1932)
 A Letter of Warning (1932)
 White Face (1932)
 The Water Gipsies (1932)
 Nine till Six (1932)
 The Right to Live (1933)
 The Warren Case (1934)
 The Great Defender (1934)
 What Happened Then? (1934)
 The Crouching Beast (1935)
 Invitation to the Waltz (1935)
 Mimi (1935)
 Royal Cavalcade (1935)
 Night Mail (1935)
 Sensation (1936)
 Bulldog Drummond at Bay (1937)
 The Door with Seven Locks (1940)
 I'll Walk Beside You (1943)
 Don't Take It to Heart (1944)
 The Halfway House (1944)
 Forbidden (1949)
  Edgar Wallace Mysteries - Death Trap (1962)
  Edgar Wallace Mysteries - Return to SenderSelected stage credits
 The Combined Maze by Frank Vosper (1927)
 The Composite Man by Ronald Jeans (1936)
 Love in a Mist by Kenneth Horne (1941)
 Lady from Edinburgh by Aimée Stuart (1945)
 My Friend Lester by Alec Coppel (1947)
 The French Mistress'' by Sonnie Hale (1955)

External links 
 

1895 births
1979 deaths
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English film directors
Male actors from Liverpool
English theatre directors
20th-century English male actors
Papilio bootes

Papilio bootes, the tailed redbreast, is a swallowtail butterfly found in Asia. Within their wide distribution about four population variants have been named as subspecies. They have been placed within the Menelaides clade by a 2015 phylogenetics study.

Description

Male upperside velvety black. Forewing with pale internervular streaks that do not reach the terminal margin and only obscurely extend into the cell. Hindwing with similar streaks in interspaces 5 and 6, but the ground colour of the cell and of the lower and posterior portions of the wing uniform; interspaces 3 and 4 with elongate somewhat oval white spots at base, an admarginal red spot at tornus and at apex of interspace 2, and similar white spots intermixed with a few reddish scales as follows: one at apex of interspace 3, two near apex of tail, one on each side of vein 4, and a fourth at apex of interspace 4; the cilia black, touched with white in the middle of the interspaces; over the red tornal spot is a minute red crescent mark. Underside similar; the pale adnervular streaks on the forewing are more prominent and extend well into the cell; two or three red spots at extreme base of costa. Hindwing: ground colour as on the upperside, but in interspaces 6 and 7 silky black with a slight greenish lustre: markings as on the upperside, but the base of the wing dark red crossed by the black veins, the tornal red spot with a much broader lunular mark above it, and similar lunules above the admarginal spots in interspaces 2 and 3, that in 3 sometimes confluent with the admarginal spot. Antennae, thorax posteriorly and abdomen black; head and thorax in front red; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen red, the latter two with black markings.

Female. Similar. Upperside: ground colour brownish black; forewing with the internervular pale streaks broader and more prominent, a small spot of red at base of wing; hindwing with an additional oval while spot in the interspace below the white spots in interspaces 3 and 4, and postdiscal lunular markings in interspaces 1 to 4. Of these the lunules in 1 and 2 are red, in 3 white irrorated with a few red scales, and in 4 pure white. Underside similar to that in the male, the red at base of wings more extended, the white discal spot in interspace 2 very small, irrorated with red scales; the postdiscal, lunular and admarginal spots larger, with a white postdiscal lunule in interspace 4. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen similar to those of the male but the red of a paler tint.

Subspecies

Papilio bootes mindoni (north-eastern Burma)
Papilio bootes janaka (northern Burma)
Papilio bootes xamnuensis (north-eastern Laos)
Papilio bootes ssp. (northern Vietnam)

Status
This butterfly is not common but is not regarded as threatened. It is protected by law in India.

See also
Papilionidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

References

Butterflies of Asia
bootes
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1842
Winston Dan Vogel

Winston Dan Vogel (born 1943) is an  Israeli-born American conductor. He was the musical director of the Virginia Symphony Orchestra from 1986 to 1990 and is the founder, President, and Artistic Director of Opera USA.

References

American male conductors (music)
Living people
1943 births
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American male musicians
Date of birth missing (living people)
Hanna Zetterberg

Hanna Zetterberg (born 15 February 1973 in Stockholm) is a former Swedish Left Party politician and member of the Riksdag 1994 – 1998.

At the age of 11, Zetterberg played the eponymous leading role in the 1984 film Ronia, the Robber's Daughter based on the children's book of the same name by Astrid Lindgren.

External links

Official website

1973 births
Living people
Actresses from Stockholm
Members of the Riksdag from the Left Party (Sweden)
Swedish film actresses
Swedish child actresses
Women members of the Riksdag
20th-century Swedish actresses
20th-century Swedish women politicians
Papilio elephenor

Papilio elephenor, the yellow-crested spangle, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in Northeast India. Following decades without confirmed sightings, it was rediscovered in 2009 in Assam.

Description
Male upperside dull black. Forewing with an irroration (sprinkling) of brilliant green scales that form cellular and internervular streaks. Hindwing: anterior half to nearly the median vein and above vein 5 irrorated with brilliant blue scales that become gradually sparse towards and cease entirely along the costal margin; posterior half irrorated with brilliant green scales; tornus with a small claret-red patch touched above with a few violet scales and also with an admarginal dusky black spot. Cilia brown alternated with white. Underside black. Forewing with very broad and prominent cellular and internervular pale streaks, the costal margin and the basal half of interspaces 1a and 1 distinctly black. Hindwing: a series of claret-red subterminal lunules, two side by side in each interspace, all more or less irrorated inwardly with violet scales; at the tornal angle these lunules form a conspicuous oblong patch that stretches a short way along the dorsum and bears a subbasal and a subapical black spot. Antennae, the thorax and abdomen narrowly along the middle black; head pinkish red; abdomen on the sides buff coloured.

Female "Agrees with the male. The anal (tornal) red mark on the hindwings above is larger, rounded, marginal, and includes a small black spot, the outer margin (termen) of the hindwing is distinctly sinuate between the median veins (veins 2, 3, 4), and at the, end of the upper median nervule (vein 4) produced into a short but obvious tooth as at the extremity of the lower discoidal vein (vein 5)." (Rothschild quoted in Bingham)

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

References

Further reading
Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: Papilio, Subgenus Achillides, Bhutanitis, Teinopalpus. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach.  Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books  
 
 
 
 
 
 

elphenor
Fauna of Pakistan
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1845
Papilio janaka

Papilio janaka, the tailed redbreast, is a well-marked swallowtail butterfly found in India. The species was first described by Frederic Moore and Thomas Horsfield in 1857.

Description

The tailed redbreast closely resembles Papilio bootes but differs as follows:
Male upperside; ground colour a duller more greyish black, the outer half of the hindwing darker; the elongate discal white series of spots extended into interspace 2, sometimes also into interspace 5; beyond these the dark red markings are as in P. bootes, but there is in addition a postdiscal series of red lunules, that at the tornal angle coalesces with the admarginal spot.
Underside; similar to that of P. bootes, but with the additional white spots as on the upperside, these however in many specimens are much irrorated with red scales; the red at the base of the wings are more extended than in P. bootes and continue along the dorsal margin of the hindwing in a long streak.
Female; similar to the male, but the ground colour on the upperside paler, a spot of red at the base of the forewing; the postdiscal markings on the hindwing white, only tinged with red. Underside is similar to the upperside; the red at the base of the wings continues along the dorsal margin as in the male.

Status
The species is not known to be threatened.

References

janaka