alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Turgay Uzer

Ahmet Turgay Uzer is a Turkish-born American theoretical physicist and nature photographer.

Regents' Professor Emeritus at Georgia Institute of Technology following Joseph Ford (physicist). He has contributed in the field of atomic and molecular physics, nonlinear dynamics and chaos significantly. His research on interplay between quantum dynamics
and classical mechanics, in the context of chaos is considered to be novel in molecular and theoretical physics and chemistry.

Academic career 

Turgay Uzer completed his bachelor's degree at Turkey's prestigious Middle East Technical University. According to Harvard University Library his doctoral thesis was entitled "Photon and electron interactions with diatomic molecules." He defended his dissertation and graduated from Harvard University in 1979.

Before joining Georgia Tech in 1985 as an associate professor, he worked as a research fellow at University of Oxford 1979/81, Caltech 1982/1983, and as a research associate at University of Colorado 1983/85. Currently, he is a faculty member with the Center for Nonlinear Science and
full professor of physics at Georgia Tech.

His research areas are quite broad, but he has focused on the dynamics of intermolecular energy transfer, reaction dynamics, quantal manifestations of classical mechanics, quantization of nonlinear systems, computational physics, molecular physics, applied mathematics.

Awards 

Uzer was Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Foundation Fellow in 1993–1994 at
Max Planck Institute, Munich.

Uzer is of Turkish origin and was also awarded the prestigious Science award for his contributions to physics from the Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÜBİTAK)  in 1998.

Selected publications

Books
 The Physics and Chemistry of Wave Packets, with John Yeazell at books.google
 Lecture Notes on Atomic and Molecular Physics with Şakir Erkoç at books.google

Some of the seminal papers

Uzer has more than 80 referenced Journal articles, in a number of highly respected scientific journals.
 appeared in PRE Chaotic billiards with neutral boundaries
 appeared in Science Celestial Mechanics on a Microscopic Scale
 appeared in JCP Quantization with operators appropriate to shapes of trajectories and classical perturbation theory

References

External links
 Georgia Tech Homepage
 Physics Professor Turgay Uzer has been named Regents-reception

Turkish physicists
21st-century American physicists
Turkish chemists
Turkish mathematicians
Turkish academics
Turkish emigrants to the United States
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Georgia Tech faculty
Harvard University alumni
Living people
Theoretical physicists
Computational chemists
American academics of Turkish descent
1952 births
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (d. 1708)

Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (c. 1677–1708) was the wife of Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield, and the daughter of George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax. Her mother was probably the former Gertrude Pierrepont, Halifax's second wife.

It was to Elizabeth that her father addressed a work entitled The Lady’s New Year's Gift: or Advice to a Daughter. She married Philip Stanhope in 1692. They had one son, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield.

English countesses
1677 births
1708 deaths
Daughters of British marquesses
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Western Colorado Community College

Western Colorado Community College (WCCC) is a division of Colorado Mesa University in Grand Junction, Colorado specializing in vocational studies. Unlike other institutions deemed "community college," WCCC is not a separate entity from its parent institution. A student takes core curriculum courses at CMU but completes his or her program of study at WCCC. Associate degrees from WCCC are awarded by Colorado Mesa University.

Facts
The official name of the grounds where WCCC is located is now known as the Bishop Campus. 
WCCC is composed of six buildings—Youngblood Building, Building B, Bishop Health Sciences, Archuleta Center, Archuleta Center B, and School District 51's Valley School—all located entirely on the Bishop Campus. There is a South Campus, located about five miles away, which houses the Electrical Lineman program.

History
Prior to 2006, WCCC was called the Tilman M. Bishop Unified Technical Education Campus or UTEC.
In 2023, it was announced that WCCC would be renamed to CMU Tech.

External links
Western Colorado Community College official web site 
Colorado Mesa University official web site

Two-year colleges in the United States
Colorado Mesa University
Grand Junction, Colorado
Education in Mesa County, Colorado
Colorado Western Slope
Colorado Community College System
Aviation schools in the United States
Outer loop

Outer loop can refer to:

The counterclockwise lanes of travel on an orbital roadway for traffic that drives on the right, or the clockwise lanes of travel for traffic that drives on the left.
The outer loop (counter-clockwise roadway) of Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)
A beltway that encircles an urban area's "outer" limits or the outermost beltway.
The proposed Outer Perimeter around Atlanta, Georgia
New York State Route 47, the former designation of the Outer Loop expressway around Rochester, New York
Interstate 295 (North Carolina), also known as the Fayetteville Outer Loop
Interstate 540 and North Carolina Highway 540, also known as the Raleigh Outer Loop
Osaka Outer Loop Line, a tentative name of Osaka Higashi Line, a railway line around Osaka, Japan
In computer programming, a control flow loop that has another loop nested inside it—see Inner loop
Paul Carney

Paul Carney (27 April 1943 – 24 September 2015) was a judge of the Irish High Court and the presiding judge of its criminal division, the Central Criminal Court.

Biography
Carney was born in Dublin. He was regarded as a leading expert on Irish criminal law and presided over murder and rape trials since his appointment to the High Court in 1991.

Carney was a former student of Gonzaga College, and a graduate of University College Dublin and King's Inns. He was called to the Bar in 1966 and was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1991. Both his parents were academics and founded a Department of Celtic Studies at the University of Uppsala, Sweden.

In May, 2006 he was appointed an Adjunct Professor of the Faculty of Law in University College, Cork.

In September, 2008 he was appointed an Adjunct Professor of the Department of Law & Business at NUI Maynooth, Kildare.

Prior to being appointed a judge, Paul Carney was a member of the Progressive Democrats. Carney retired on 24 April 2015 and died on 24 September 2015 at the age of 72.

Criminal Division, High Court
Carney, as the "listing judge" of the criminal division of the High Court and the only judge permanently assigned to the Central Criminal Court, heard seven out of every 10 rape cases and over half of all murder trials in the State.

Controversies

Wearing of wigs
His views on many issues were controversial, and his insistence upon wigs being worn and titles used in public courtrooms that he was serving in resulted in his being rebuked by his superiors.

Patrick O’Brien bail
On 21 January 2013, Carney sentenced 72-year-old sex offender Patrick O’Brien to 12 years in jail with nine years suspended for raping and sexually assaulting his daughter. Carney then granted the convicted man bail pending an appeal, which was considered by legal commentators to be "very unusual" since bail is usually only granted before someone is sentenced. Three days later Carney revoked the bail, and apologised and admitted he was wrong and insensitive to the victim.

References

External links
Judge with one eye on the media. The Sunday Business Post 13 April 2003
 http://www.independent.ie/national-news/courts/gangrape-woman-arrested-during-trial-following-overdose-3017017.html

1943 births
2015 deaths
Academics of University College Cork
Alumni of King's Inns
Alumni of University College Dublin
High Court judges (Ireland)
People educated at Gonzaga College
Running of the Brides

The Running of the Brides was a one-day sale of wedding gowns, garnering local media attention because of the sight of hundreds of brides-to-be scrambling for bargains. A local tradition since 1947 at Filene's Basement in downtown Boston, the ROTB has also been held at Filene's Basement in Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Columbus, Los Angeles, New York City, Washington D.C., and Westchester County (New York).

Details
The store stocked thousands of gowns for that day and marked them down drastically; gowns were non-returnable. Prices ranged from $249.00 to $699.00, marked down from retail prices as high as $9,000. Prospective brides and their hovering mothers, sisters, and friends lined up the night before the doors opened at 8:00 a.m., to join the crush. Most "bridal groups" wore the same color shirts and communicated with each other using whistles or bells, in order to help locate one another. 

In the first few minutes, patrons ran as fast as they could and took as many dresses off the racks as possible. The racks were emptied quickly, and immediately trading began. Most brides tried the gowns on in the aisles or in front of mirrors, while their helpers ran around trying to trade and barter.  When a bride-to-be found "The One", others applauded her.

Closure
After the flagship Filene's Basement store in downtown Boston closed in 2007, subsequent Running of the Brides events took place at the Hynes Convention Center, beginning in 2008.  The final such event occurred at the chain's Newton, Massachusetts store on October 28, 2011.  Filene's Basement declared bankruptcy five days later and suspended operations in December 2011.

External links
Wedding & Bridesmaid Dresses
Running of the Brides 2009 Gallery
Wedding Dresses For Bride & Groom
Kim Knox Beckius The Running of the Brides
Be Very Afraid: The 'Running of the Brides' by Life magazine

Wedding dresses
Sales promotion
Annual events in Boston
WMDB

WMDB is a Regional Mexican-format AM radio station broadcasting on a frequency of 880 kHz in Nashville, Tennessee. The station's power is 2,500 watts during the daytime hours. The station is currently owned by Mahan Janbakhsh, through licensee TBLC Media #2, LLC.  Nighttime power is reduced to 2 watts to protect the signal of WCBS in New York, New York. WCBS is the dominant Class A signal on 880 AM.

History
WMDB signed on the air in 1983 under the original owner, Reverend Morgan Babb. It was a black-oriented station with urban gospel in the morning, transitioning to secular rhythm & blues in the afternoon. Morgan Babb came up with the station's popular moniker slogan "The Big Mouth", because of WMDB's large daytime signal. Morgan Babb also claimed his secular R&B format was the "rock lite" format, drawing not just black listeners, but many white listeners as well. By 2000, the music format also included Hip Hop.
In May of 2005, Reverend Morgan Babb sold WMDB to Peter Davison of Davidson Media Group, based out of Charlotte, North Carolina, according to FCC Records. The FCC granted the transfer of WMDB's license July 5th, 2005. During this time period, Davidson Media Group purchased AM 1240, (then WNSG) in the Nashville Market. Davidson Media Changed WNSG's call sign to WNVL on September 21, 2005. Shortly afterwards, Davidson Media Group would eventually flip both WMDB and WNVL to Spanish Language Formats.

References

External links

MDB
Radio stations established in 1960
1960 establishments in Tennessee
Hovmöller diagram

A Hovmöller diagram is a common way of plotting meteorological data to highlight the behavior of waves, particularly tropical waves.  The axes of Hovmöller diagrams depict changes over time of scalar quantities such as temperature, density, and other values of constituents in the atmosphere or ocean, such as depth, height, or pressure. Typically in that case, time is recorded along the abscissa, or x-axis, while 'vertical' values (of depth, height, pressure, etc.) are plotted along the ordinate, or y-axis.

The alternate orientation of axes may also be used, as a Hovmöller diagram may be plotted for longitude or latitude on the abscissa and for (advancing) time on the ordinate; then the contour values of a named physical field may be presented through color or shading.

The Hovmöller diagram was introduced by Ernest Aabo Hovmöller (1912-2008), a Danish meteorologist, in a paper published in 1949.

See also 
Tropical wave
Heat map

References

External links
 An example Hovmöller diagram showing rainfall

Meteorological diagrams
Shut Your Mouth

Shut Your Mouth may refer to:

 Shut Your Mouth (album), a 2000 album by Frenzal Rhomb
 "Shut Your Mouth" (Garbage song), 2001
 "Shut Your Mouth", a song by Attack Attack! from the 2010 album Attack Attack!
 "Shut Your Mouth", a song by Made in London
 "Shut Your Mouth", a song by Motörhead from the 2002 album Hammered
 "Shut Your Mouth", a song by Pain from the 2002 album Nothing Remains the Same
 Shut Yo' Mouth!, a 1981 album by jazz bassist Slam Stewart

See also 
Shut Your Mouth and Open Your Eyes, a 1998 album by AFI
Shut up
World Shut Your Mouth (disambiguation)
WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth, a 2002 professional wrestling video game
Augustine Kandathil

Augustine Kandathil (25 August 1874 – 10 January 1956) was Metropolitan and head of the Syro-Malabar Church (1923-1956).

Further reading
George Thalian: , Bp. Louis Memorial Press, 1961.
Abp. Augustine Kandathil:   on the Poem Shreeyeshu vijayam by Kattakayam Cherian Mappillai, 1926.

1874 births
1956 deaths
Malayali people
Christian clergy from Kottayam
Syro-Malabar Catholic Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
University and college founders
Indian publishers (people)
Indian newspaper founders
Founders of orphanages
People from the Kingdom of Travancore
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Pattinson

Pattinson is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Pattinson (rugby league, born 1945), English rugby league footballer
Bill Pattinson (rugby league, born 1954) (nephew of the above), English rugby league footballer
Charles Pattinson, British television producer
Christopher Pattinson (1885–1958), Canadian provincial politician from Alberta
Hugh Lee Pattinson (1796–1858), English industrial chemist
Lawrence Pattinson (1890–1955), Royal Air Force officer
Les Pattinson (born 1958), English bass guitarist
Lizzy Pattinson (born 1983), British singer
Michael Pattinson (born 1957), Australian film director
Paul Pattison, Academy Award winning makeup artist
Robert Pattinson (born 1986), British actor
brothers Darren Pattinson, English cricketer and James Pattinson, Australian cricketer 
brothers Samuel Pattinson (1870–1942) and Sir Robert Pattinson (1872–1954) were both English Liberal MPs

See also
Washington H. Soul Pattinson, Australian company
Soul Pattinson Telecommunications, Australian company
Pattison (disambiguation)
Patterson (surname)
Paterson (disambiguation)

English-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names
Selman Akbulut

Selman Akbulut (born 1949) is a Turkish mathematician, specializing in research in topology, and geometry. He was a professor at Michigan State University until February 2020.

Career
In 1975 he earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley as a student of Robion Kirby. In topology, he has worked on handlebody theory, low-dimensional manifolds, symplectic topology, G2 manifolds. In the topology of real-algebraic sets, he and Henry C. King proved that every compact piecewise-linear manifold is a real-algebraic set; they discovered new topological invariants of real-algebraic sets.

He was a visiting scholar several times at the Institute for Advanced Study (in 1975-76, 1980–81, 2002, and 2005).

On February 14, 2020, Akbulut was removed from his tenured position at MSU by the Board of Trustees, after complaints regarding his teaching attendance and communications with colleagues.

Contributions
He has developed 4-dimensional handlebody techniques, settling conjectures and solving problems about 4-manifolds, such as a conjecture of Christopher Zeeman, the Harer–Kas–Kirby conjecture, a problem of Martin Scharlemann, and problems of Sylvain Cappell and Julius Shaneson.
He constructed an exotic compact 4-manifold (with boundary) from which he discovered "Akbulut corks". 

His most recent results concern the  4-dimensional smooth Poincaré conjecture.  He has supervised 14 Ph.D students as of 2019. He has more than 100 papers and three books published, and several books edited.

Notes

External links

Akbulut's homepage
Akbulut's papers at ArXiv
Akbulut-King invariants
Real algebraic geometry
Akbulut cork

20th-century Turkish mathematicians
21st-century  Turkish mathematicians
Academic scandals
Topologists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Living people
1949 births
Byasa nevilli

Byasa nevilli, the Nevill's windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus (Byasa), comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents.

Range
North east India (Assam), Myanmar (Shan states) and western China.

Status
It is very common in western China and very rare in India. This butterfly is protected in India though it is not known to be threatened.

Taxonomy
No separate subspecies have been described.

Description
The wingspan is 100–120 mm. In appearance it is similar to the great windmill (Byasa dasarada), but is smaller. The tail is not red-tipped. It also resembles the great windmill subspecies B. d. ravana, Moore, but is smaller, with the markings also proportionately smaller. The male differs as follows: the subterminal series of lunules on the hindwing are crimson or vermilion red, never white or partly white as in B. d. ravana; sexual abdominal fold within white, not blackish brown; the subterminal red lunule in interspace 3 very often missing. Female resembles the male rather than the female of B. d. ravana but the white rectangular markings in interspaces 5 and 6 are whiter. From B. d. ravana female it differs in the complete absence of the white discal spots in interspaces 1, 2, 3 and 4. In both sexes the tail is black without any red spot.

See also
Papilionidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

Notes

References

External links

 Global Butterfly Information System - Text, images including holotype of chentsong Oberthür, 1886 and type information on stenoptera Chou & Gu, 1994

Byasa
Butterflies of Asia
Taxa named by James Wood-Mason
Butterflies described in 1882
Leonard Piątek

Leonard Franciszek Piątek (born Leonard Franz Piontek, 3 October 1913 – 1 July 1967) was a Polish footballer who played as a forward in the interwar period. In the spring of 1937 he changed his name to Leonard Franciszek Piątek (a Polonized version).

A hard-working and ambitious forward, Piątek was the top scorer for Polish first division vice-champions AKS Chorzów in 1937 and went on to lead the league the following season with 21 goals.

He represented the Polish national side on 16 occasions between 1937 and 1939, scoring 11 goals. He scored twice in Poland's 4–0 win over Yugoslavia in a World Cup qualifier and took part in the legendary 1938 FIFA World Cup match against Brazil in (Strasbourg, France on 5 June 1938, which Brazil won 6–5. Piątek also scored a goal in the last international match played in Poland before the outbreak of World War II, a 4–2 victory over Hungary on 27 August 1939.

Piątek signed the Volksliste (German Nationality List) after the Nazi invasion of Poland during World War II which allowed him to continue his footballing career. His club AKS Chorzów was now playing as Germania Königshütte and with Piątek as their key player the team dominated the first division Gauliga Schlesien – part of the German football league system – throughout the early 1940s far outperforming state-supported rivals 1. FC Katowice.

After war he played at AKS Chorzów until the end of the 1947–season, and moved to Pogoń Katowice, where he played from 1947 until 1950.

References

See also
 Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

1913 births
1967 deaths
People from Chorzów
Polish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Sportspeople from the Province of Silesia
Poland men's international footballers
Footballers from Silesian Voivodeship
Volksdeutsche
Pachliopta pandiyana

Pachliopta pandiyana, the Malabar rose, is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus Pachliopta, the roses or red-bodied swallowtails.

It is an important endemic butterfly of south India.

Description

This was earlier considered a race of Pachliopta jophon found in Sri Lanka.

Race pandiyanus, Moore. "Though closely allied to A. jophon gray, this species is constantly different in pattern. The white colour of the forewings is much more extended, especially in the apical region, but also more shaded with black scales; the internervular black streaks between the median nervures (veins 4-6) are much longer, the white linear markings, in the cell reach the discocellular veinlets. On the hindwing the last discal white spot reaches mostly to the submedian nervure (vein 1), the anterior one is very large in the male, small or divided into two spots, or obliterated in the female...".  (Rothschild, quoted in Bingham)

Similar species
It resembles the common rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae) from which it can be differentiated by the much larger white patch on its hindwings.

Range
Southern India. The butterfly does not associate much with the common rose, which it resembles. On the western slopes of the Nilgiris and elsewhere on the Western Ghats, the Malabar rose entirely displaces that most abundant butterfly.

Status
It is uncommon, but not considered to be threatened as a species. The species is locally common in the Western Ghats.

Taxonomy
 A related species, Pachliopta jophon, once considered conspecific, flies in Sri Lanka.
 No separate subspecies have been described.

Habitat
This butterfly is confined to the wet jungles of southern India and the Western Ghats, between .

Habits
The flight of this butterfly resembles that of the common rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae). Early in the morning till about 10 am, it keeps low and feeds from flowers, usually those of the Lantana. Later in the day it flies high and is difficult to capture.

Life cycle
Appears to be single-brooded and is most common in September and October.

Food plants
The larval food plant is Thottea siliquosa (Aristolochiaceae).

See also
Papilionidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

Cited references

References

External links
 
 

Pachliopta
Atrophaneura
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1881
Downsizing

Downsize or Downsizing may refer to: 

 Downsizing an image in digital graphics, see Image scaling;
 Downsize (automobile), reduce size of a motor vehicle
 Downsizing (film), a 2017 science fiction comedy film by Alexander Payne
 Downsizing (property), moving to a smaller property
 Engine downsizing, trend in the combustion engines construction
 Layoff, temporary suspension or permanent termination of the employment of employees.
 Degrowth is sometimes called downsizing in macroeconomics
Pachliopta jophon

Pachliopta jophon, the Ceylon rose or Sri Lankan rose, is a butterfly found in Sri Lanka that belongs to the swallowtail family. It was earlier classified as a subspecies of Pachliopta hector, the crimson rose.

Range
It is endemic to Sri Lanka, confined to the rain forests of the central hill country in the south-west.

Description

The male upperside is black. The forewing has three or four broad white streaks in a cell and a variable number of similar somewhat broader streaks that are bifid along their apical half in the interspaces beyond; these streaks do not reach the terminal margin and become obsolete towards the costal margin of the wing. The hindwing is in the apical half of the cell and short apically truncate streaks in the interspaces beyond white; these broad streaks broad are divided only by the black veins, followed by a subterminal curved series of crimson lunules irrorated with black scales. The underside is similar, the markings more distinct and more sharply defined; the discal white streaks and the subterminal series of crimson spots are each seven in number. The antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen above up to the pre-anal segment are black; the head in front and beneath, the thorax at the sides and the apical half of the abdomen crimson, the last with one or two black lateral spots. The female is similar, but the forewing is broader, the white and crimson markings larger and more conspicuous.

Status
It is critically endangered, declining due to loss of habitat.

See also
Papilionidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

Cited references

References
 
  
 
Smart, Paul 1976 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color.London, Salamander:Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition)  page 159 fig. 11 (Ceylon).

External links

ARKive Photos
srilankabutterflies.net Photos and descriptions
srilankaninsects.net Photos and descriptions

Pachliopta
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Sri Lanka
Butterflies described in 1853
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Confédération Syndicale des Travailleurs du Congo

The Confédération Syndicale des Travailleurs du Congo (CSTC) is a trade union centre in Republic of the Congo.

It a 2005 report the ICFTU stated: in the Republic of Congo, the government continued its interference in the affairs of the CSTC, by favouring those sections of the union movement which it believed were most loyal to it.

The CSC is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

Trade unions in the Republic of the Congo
International Trade Union Confederation
Hambergen

Hambergen is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km north of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 25 km north of Bremen.

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

Hambergen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hambergen.

References

Osterholz
Christiane Brunner

Christiane Brunner (b. Geneva, 23 March 1947) is a Swiss politician and lawyer.

Career
Brunner has occupied the following positions:
Deputy of the Great Council of the Canton of Geneva, 1981–1990
Member of the National Council, 1991–1995
Member of the Council of States, 1995–2007
President of the Swiss Socialist Party, 2000–2004

1993 election
Brunner was the official candidate of the Socialist Party when René Felber retired from the Federal Council in 1993.  On 3 March 1993 the Federal Assembly elected Francis Matthey, however he forfeited this position due to the opposition of his own party. On 10 March 1993 Ruth Dreifuss was elected to the Federal Council over Christiane Brunner.

Positions
Brunner is very active in affairs dealing with trade unions (she is the president of the FTMH union), and was a member of Parliament who became very engaged when topics such as Social Security and labor laws were discussed.

She is currently the president of the Committee for Social Security and Public Health in the Council of States (CSSS-CE).

External links

1947 births
20th-century Swiss lawyers
20th-century Swiss women politicians
20th-century Swiss politicians
21st-century Swiss lawyers
21st-century Swiss women politicians
21st-century Swiss politicians
Living people
Members of the Council of States (Switzerland)
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
Politicians from Geneva
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Swiss trade unionists
Swiss women lawyers
Women members of the Council of States (Switzerland)
Women members of the National Council (Switzerland)
20th-century women lawyers
21st-century women lawyers
Niilo Wälläri

Niilo Frans Wälläri (6 July 1897 – 25 August 1967) was a Finnish socialist, syndicalist politician. Wälläri led the Finnish Seamen's Union from 1938 until his death.

In 1913 Wälläri left Finland to become seaman. In 1916, he settled in the United States and joined the Industrial Workers of the World. Because of his political activities, Wälläri was deported back to Finland in 1920. Wälläri became active in the underground Communist Party of Finland (SKP) and the public Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (SSTP). Wälläri was chairman of SSTP in 1922–1923 and he was jailed at the Tammisaari prison camp when the party was disbanded. In the late 1920s Wälläri became frustrated with communists. This eventually led to a split in 1929. Wälläri was one of the main organisers behind the short-lived Left Group of Finnish Workers.

Wälläri joined the Social Democratic Party of Finland in 1935. Social Democratic Association of Transport Workers was his stronghold. The Soviet Union radioed anti-Wälläri propaganda during the Second World War.

After the war Wälläri left SDP and joined the Finnish People's Democratic League and the Socialist Unity Party. As leader of the seamen's trade union, he constantly threatened to damage the government and economy with strikes in order to gain benefits for the seaman's trade union.

Sources
 Wälläri, Niilo in Biografiskt lexikon för Finland .

1897 births
1967 deaths
People from Lieto
Politicians from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Communist Party of Finland politicians
Socialist Workers Party of Finland politicians
Left Group of Finnish Workers politicians
Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
Socialist Unity Party (Finland) politicians
Syndicalists
Industrial Workers of the World members
Finnish trade union leaders
Ritterhude

Ritterhude (Northern Low Saxon: Hu’e) is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Hamme, approx. 6 km southwest of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 13 km northwest of Bremen.

Geography

Geographical location 
The natural landscape is characterized by extended fens, the alluvial wetlands and marshes of the Hamme River and the Wümme River lowlands together with the glacially formed landscape Geest with typically sandy and loamy soils.

Organization of the Municipality 
Since the reform of administration and reorganization of local government in 1974, today's municipality of Ritterhude was formed by the previously independent municipalities of Ritterhude (7.700 inhabitants), Platjenwerbe (2.300 inhabitants), Ihlpohl (2.000 inhabitants), Lesumstotel (800 inhabitants), Stendorf (600 inhabitants), and Werschenrege (400 inhabitants).

Transportation 
 The Ritterhude railway station is connected via S-Bahn to the Deutsche Bahn railway network.
 Ritterhude is conveniently located near the German Autobahn (Cuxhaven–Bremerhaven–Bremen–Walsrode) and Bundesstraße no. 74 (Bremen–Stade).

History 
First mention in 1182 in a document of the monastery of Osterholz. The house 'von der Hude' is being mentioned for the first time in a document in 1185. The castle 'Huda' was used in 1309 to protect the passage over the Hamme River at the 'Heerweg' from Hamburg to Bremen. The number of inhabitants increased from 52 families in the year 1568 to 89 in the year 1710. In 1757, both castle and bridge were destroyed during the Seven Years' War.

Ritterhude belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648, the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and, from 1715 onwards, by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823, the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

References

Osterholz
Schwanewede

Schwanewede is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km west of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 22 km northwest of Bremen.

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648, the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which first was ruled by the Swedish in personal union. In 1715, the Hanoverian Crown started to rule over Schwanwede until 1823, in which the Duchy was abolished, leading all of its territory to become part of the Stade Region.

Schwanewede consists of 12 smaller villages which form the municipality of Schwanewede, namely Beckedorf, Löhnhorst, Meyenburg, Aschwarden, Neuenkirchen, Brundorf, Eggestedt, Harriersand, Hinnebeck, Leuchtenburg and Rade.

The Farge concentration camp is located in Schwanewede-Neuenkirchen.

References

Osterholz
Ruffin, North Carolina

Ruffin is an unincorporated community located in Rockingham County, North Carolina. It is northeast of Reidsville, North Carolina, and southwest of Danville, Virginia, just off US 29 (future Interstate 785). It has a population of 419.

Neighboring communities and municipalities include Reidsville, Eden, Pelham, Casville, and Wentworth. Ruffin had the first established volunteer fire department in Rockingham County. Residents produce tobacco, vegetables and strawberries. The area also had a gold mine. Churches in the community include Ruffin United Methodist Church and Ruffin-Stacey Baptist Church.

With the completion of the vital Piedmont Railroad by the Confederate Government in early 1864, the village of Ruffin experienced steady growth. Subsequently, Ruffin became an important center of trade for both Rockingham and Caswell counties. Yet substantial growth and commerce were to elude Ruffin. Instead the prosperity was to find a home in a smaller crossroads hamlet to the south by the name of Reidsville. Tradition relates that growth in Ruffin was doomed because the large local landowners wanted to remain just that. Consequently, a booming town could not develop. From 1887-1897 though, Ruffin was incorporated with its own mayor. The last mayor of Ruffin was Victor M. Holderby, who was an active member of the Ruffin Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

The community is named after Thomas Ruffin (1787–1870) an American jurist and Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1829 to 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859. He was Chief Justice of that Court from 1833 to 1852. He lived in the community for a short while.

On April 15, 2018, Ruffin was struck by an EF1 tornado which was part of a larger outbreak across the southeast.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Rockingham County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Smart drink

Smart drinks, also known as nootropic drinks, are beverages made from a mix of fruit juices,  vitamins, herbal supplements, and a variety of amino acid supplements.

History
The consumption of smart drinks and "smart drugs" began in the early 1980s when baby boomers started using because they believed these products would improve job performance and give them a competitive edge in the workplace. The popularity of smart drinks peaked during the early 1990s, as all-night techno and house music parties took place, events of the underground dance culture at the time, known as "raves". Rave enthusiasts preferred drugs such as ecstasy, methamphetamine, ketamine, or "poppers" to alcohol. Instead of drinking alcoholic beverages at raves, the dancers would drink smart drinks. Smart drinks not only held a novelty factor for the vibrant social subculture, but they also helped rave promoters by eliminating the need to secure alcohol sales permits and therefore allowed raves to be held outside of the traditional nightclub, bar or pub scene.

Smart drink ingredients often include substances such as DL-phenylalanine or L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, choline (trimethylaminoethanol), pyroglutamic acid, B vitamins, glucuronolactone, and DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol). These amino acids were claimed to have positive or enhanced effects on alertness, stress resistance and energy levels. Some of the acids, then considered "foods" and nutritional supplements by government agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), changed in status and have since been removed from store shelves. Others are still available  when  prescribed by a doctor.

External links

 

 
 

Nootropics
Drinks
Hendrick Christiaensen

Hendrick Christiaensen was a Dutch explorer who was involved in the earlier exploration of what became the colony of New Netherland.

Life

Hendrick Christiaensen was a ship captain and trader employed by the Van Tweenhuysen Company of Amsterdam.

In 1611 Christiaensen paid two visits to Manhattan in his ship Fortuyn, including one with fellow explorer Adriaen Block in his Tyger. Upon his return to the Dutch Republic in 1612, he brought back with him two young Native Americans who were the sons of a local sachem. The Dutch were fascinated with the boys, whom they called Orson and Valentine Christiaensen.

In 1613 Christiaensen and Block returned in the two vessels, and created the first map of the region that showed Manhattan and Long Island as separate geographical entities.

Fort Nassau
In 1614 Christiensen sailed the Fortuyn up the North River to Castle Island (New York), where he built a warehouse on the ruins of an old abandoned French fur trader's fort. He added a stockade and a moat eighteen feet wide. He named it Fort Nassau in honor of stadtholder Maurice of Nassau. The river, sometimes known as the Mauritius was also named after Maurice. Christiensen took two cannon and eleven swivel guns from the Fortuyn and left twelve men under the command of Jacob Eelkens, before returning downriver.

In the spring of 1619 Christiaensen's ship, the Swarte Beer, was lying in the Hudson River when his ship was surprised by Indians. In the attack Hendrick Christiaensen and the greater part of his crew were killed. The survivors succeeded in driving away the Indians from the ship by two shots from the guns.

See also
Fort Nassau (North River)
Two Row Wampum Treaty
Adrian Jorisszen Tienpoint

References

Footnotes

Bibliography 

 

17th-century Dutch explorers
1574 births
1616 deaths
Dutch explorers of North America
Dutch people murdered abroad
Explorers of the United States
Male murder victims
People from New Netherland
Year of birth unknown
Bad Lauterberg

Bad Lauterberg is a town in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the southern Harz, approx. 15 km southwest of Braunlage, and 20 km southeast of Osterode am Harz.

Bad Lauterberg is known inter alia for the liqueurs, Schierker Feuerstein and Harzer Grubenlicht, which are both manufactured and bottled here.

Bad Lauterberg was the birthplace (1879) of the Polar explorer Alfred Ritscher.

Politics

Town council

Town Council after the local elections on September 11, 2016: 
CDU: 6 seats
Wählergruppe: 5 seats
SPD: 5 seats
BI: 2 seats
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen: 1 seats
NPD: 1 seat

Sights 
About a mile east of the town in the mountains is the viewing point of Hohe Tür which is by a mountain lake and on the main Weser-Elbe watershed. It is checkpoint 43 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network.

Notable people

 Alfred Ritscher (1879-1963), captain and Arctic explorer
 Eberhard Umbach (born 1948), German physicist and science manager
 Bibiana Steinhaus (born 1979), football referee 
 Tino Schmidt (born 1993), football player

See also
 Osterhagen

References

External links 

Towns in Lower Saxony
Towns in the Harz
Spa towns in Germany
Efficiency expert

Efficiency expert may refer to:

Ergonomics expert 
Business efficiency expert
The Efficiency Expert (novel), a 1921 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs
The Efficiency Expert, the US title of the 1992 Australian comedy film Spotswood
Confédération des Syndicats Libres Autonomes du Congo

The Confédération des Syndicats Libres Autonomes du Congo (COSYLAC) is a trade union centre in Republic of the Congo.

The COSYLAC is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

Trade unions in the Republic of the Congo
International Trade Union Confederation
Constanze Krehl

Constanze Angela Krehl (born 14 October 1956) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 to 2022. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.

Education
After Krehl received her diploma from German secondary school in 1975 in Leipzig, she studied at the Technische Universität Dresden (Technical University Dresden) and graduated in computer science in 1980.

Political career
 1999-2005: Member of the SPD federal executive board
 1999-2004: Regional Chair of the SPD Saxony
 1996-1999: Regional Vice-Chair of the SPD Saxony
 February 1991 - June 1994: Observer of the European Parliament
 October - December 1990: Member of the "Deutscher Bundestag" (German Parliament)
 March - October 1990: Member of the "Volkskammer" (GDR People's Assembly)

Member of the European Parliament, 2004-2022
From 2004 to 2022, Krehl was a member of the Committee on Regional Development. She was also a member of the parliament's delegation for relations with the countries of Central America and the Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly. Until 2004 she was a Member of the Committee on Budgets. From 2016, she served as the Parliament's own-initiative report on the EU's space strategy.

In addition to her committee assignments, Krehl served as chairwoman of the Delegation for relations with Russia from 1994 until 1997 and as chairwoman of the Delegation to EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee from 1997 to 1999 and 1999–2002. She also served as a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Western Sahara.

In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, Krehl was part the working group on European policy, led by Peter Altmaier, Alexander Dobrindt and Achim Post.

Other activities
 IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie, Member
 Socialist Youth of Germany – Falcons, Member

Recognition
In 1998 Krehl was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.

References

External links

 
 
 

1956 births
Living people
TU Dresden alumni
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Social Democratic Party of Germany MEPs
MEPs for Germany 1994–1999
MEPs for Germany 1999–2004
MEPs for Germany 2004–2009
MEPs for Germany 2009–2014
MEPs for Germany 2014–2019
MEPs for Germany 2019–2024
20th-century women MEPs for Germany
21st-century women MEPs for Germany
Politicians from Stuttgart
1953 in organized crime



Events
Kansas City mobster Joseph Benintende is imprisoned after being convicted for his role in the NCAA point shaving scandal.
May 2 – Meyer Lansky is convicted of illegal gambling, after pleading guilty to five of the total twenty one charges, and serves three months in a New York prison. He is additionally fined $2,500 and, after his release, receives three years probation.
June 19 – Stephen Franse, a police informant, is murdered by Genovese crime family hitman Joe Valachi.
July 16 – Shortly after his release from prison, Joe Adonis is faced with perjury charges.
August 5 – U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. orders the deportation of Joe Adonis after it is found Adonis had lied of his birthplace in Passaic, New Jersey and found to have immigrated from Naples, Italy.
October 29 – New York mobster Frank Costello is released from prison, following his arrest for contempt of court during the Kefauver Committee the previous year.
December 9 - Dominick Petrilli, sneaking into the United States shortly after being deported, is killed by rival gunman. Petrilli had brought Joe Valachi, later a government informant, into the Genovese crime family.

Arts and literature

Births

Deaths
June 19 – Stephen Franse, NYPD police informant
December 9 - Dominick Petrilli, New York mobster

Organized crime
Years in organized crime
Bad Grund

Bad Grund (Harz) is a town in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the western Harz, approx. 7 km west of Clausthal-Zellerfeld, and 10 km north of Osterode am Harz.

Bad Grund is also the name of the former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bad Grund, of which Bad Grund formed part. It was disbanded in March 2013 and replaced by the Einheitsgemeinde Bad Grund.

Points of interest
 Historic Market Place
 St. Antony's Church was built in 1540. The church is surrounded by half-timbered houses dating from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries
 WeltWald Harz
 Hübichenstein
 Hilfe Gottes Mine
 Iberger Tropfsteinhöhle

References

Towns in the Harz
Spa towns in Germany
Unbreakable (Dead or Alive album)

Unbreakable: The Fragile Remixes is an album released by British band Dead or Alive in 2001 which served as a companion piece to their 2000 album Fragile. Unbreakable contains ten tracks which are remixes of Fragile songs (some of which were already remakes of past Dead or Alive songs that have been released on their past albums). This record has only been released in Japan from Avex Trax. The album remained an exclusive in this territory until the worldwide release of the Sophisticated Boom Box MMXVI compilation box set in 2016.

A double clear vinyl version was released on Record Store Day 2017 by Demon Records with new artwork as a companion to the Sophisticated Boom Box MMXVI - The Vinyl LP Collection'.

Track listing
"Turn Around and Count 2 Ten" (Y&Co. "B" Mix) - 7:54
"You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" (Zi Zone Mix) - 4:36
"My Heart Goes Bang" (Love Machine Remix) - 5:06
"Something in My House" (Deadend of Eurasia Mix) - 5:43 
"Hit and Run Lover" (Ventura Mix) - 5:01
"Isn't It a Pity" (Bustard Remix) - 5:15
"I Paralyze" (B4 ZA BEAT Remix) - 6:35
"Blue Christmas" (P.K.G. Remix) - 4:33
"Lover, Come Back to Me" (Earthquake Mix) - 9:31
"Just What I Always Wanted" (R.M. Hyper Techno Mix) - 4:48

Dead or Alive (band) compilation albums
2001 remix albums
Epic Records remix albums
Grund

Grund or Gründ may refer to:

Places
 Bad Grund, a town in Lower Saxony, Germany
 Bad Grund (Samtgemeinde), a Samtgemeinde in Lower Saxony, Germany
 Grund (Grindelwald), a locality in the municipality of Grindelwald, Bern, Switzerland
 Grund (Hilchenbach), a community in Hilchenbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
 Grund (Luxembourg), a quarter of the city of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
 Grund (Saanen), a village in the municipality of Saanen, Bern, Switzerland
 Saas-Grund, a town in Valais, Switzerland

Other uses
 Grund (surname)
 Éditions Gründ, French publisher

See also
 Grundt, a surname
 Grunt (disambiguation)