alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
First BanCorp

First BanCorp is a publicly owned financial holding company located in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

History
FirstBank was the first Savings & Loan institution established in Puerto Rico with a capital of $200,000 in 1948. Today, the company provides financial services for retail, commercial and institutional clients in Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands and Florida. First BanCorp is headquartered in San Juan, Puerto Rico and is ranked the 669th and 1537th Largest Company In The World in Forbes magazine by Total Assets and Profits. On 2006 it had over $18.8 billion in assets.

As of May, 2016, First owed $124.97 million to the US government Troubled Asset Relief Program.

In October 2019, FirstBank announced their intention to purchase Banco Santander de Puerto Rico. The transaction was approved by regulators on July 28, 2020 and should be completed by September 1, 2020.

Key leadership
 Mr. Aurelio Aleman-Bermudez 

Chief Exec. Officer, Pres, Director,
 Mr. Orlando Berges-Gonzalez CPA 

Chief Financial Officer and Exec. VP

Direct competition in Puerto Rico
 Popular, Inc. (BPOP) & OFG Bancorp (OFG)

References

External links 
 FirstBank Online

Banks of Puerto Rico
Companies based in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Banks established in 1948
1948 establishments in Puerto Rico
Iskra Delta 800

Iskra Delta 800 was a PDP-11/34-compatible computer developed by Iskra Delta in 1984.

Specifications
 CPU: J11
 RAM: Up to 4 MiB addressable
 ROM: 4 KiB
 Operating system: Delta/M (somewhat modified RSX-11M)

External links
Old-computers.com article

Computer-related introductions in 1984
PDP-11
Coaster Works

Coaster Works, known in Japan as , is a simulation game for the Dreamcast console published by Bimboosoft. The game is a simulation of roller coaster design and construction. Each of the levels offer certain requirements that the player must meet to pass to the next level. The game starts the player off in a "kiddie" themed park and progresses to more and more difficult levels with more difficult requirements. A direct sequel titled  was released on November 2, 2000 in Japan only as the North American and PAL releases were cancelled for 2001. A third game titled Rollercoaster World was developed by Takara and published by D3 Publisher in Japan as  (part of the Simple 2000 series) on July 24, 2003, and by Midas Interactive Entertainment in Europe on May 21, 2004 for the PlayStation 2.

Reception

The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. IGN gave it favorable reviews, while GameSpot gave it mixed reviews, months before the game was released Stateside. Eric Bratcher of NextGen, however, said of the game, "The engine is fast (though graphically bland), but a trip to a real amusement park would cost about the same and last longer than four hours. Plus, you could buy corn dogs and funnel cake." In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 28 out of 40 for the first Jet Coaster Dream, 25 out of 40 for the sequel, and 27 out of 40 for the PlayStation 2 version.

References

External links
 
 

1999 video games
2000 video games
2003 video games
Bimboosoft games
Bottom Up games
Dreamcast games
Midas Interactive Entertainment games
PlayStation 2 games
Roller coaster games and simulations
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan
Xicat Interactive games
Gorenje Dialog

Dialog was a microcomputer system developed by Gorenje in 1980s. It was based on the 8-bit 4 MHz Zilog Z-80A microprocessor. The primary operating system was FEDOS (CP/M 2.2 compatible), developed by Computer Structures and Systems Laboratory (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana) and Gorenje. 

There were 3 variants of the Dialog microcomputer system, distinguished only by minor changed: home, laboratory and personal (PC) (in Slovene: hišni, laboratorijski, osebni).  Three types of external memory can be connected with Dialog: cassette recorder, floppy drive (5,25" and 8") and hard drive. The home variant of Dialog used resident FEBASIC (a variant of BASIC).

References

 Mikroračunalnik DIALOG, Tehnično navodilo-uporaba, Gorenje procesna oprema.
 FEBASIC, priročnik za uporabnike sistema DIALOG, T. Žitko, Ljubljana, 1985.

Microcomputers
Gorenje
Iskradata 1680

Iskradata 1680 was a computer developed by Iskradata in 1979.

References

Microcomputers
Vic Sanchez

Grandmaster Vicente "Vic" R. Sanchez was a Filipino martial artist and the founder of Kali Arnis International.

Early life 

GM Vic Sanchez was born on April 25, 1934.

FMA Styles 

In his practice of Filipino martial arts for over 60 years, Sanchez mastered four major arnis systems:
 Cinco Teros from Pangasinan - under Antonio Javier. According to Sanchez's teachers, this was the style of Arnis practiced by Andres Bonifacio.
 Kasilagan (Kali Salag Ilag) - under Johnny Panuringan
 Modern Arnis - under Remy A. Presas
 Tersia Serrada, Cadenilla y Espada y Daga (Lightning Scientific Arnis International) - under Benjamin Luna Lema

Grandmasters 

Vic Sanchez had been a long-time student and friend of Remy Presas and Benjamin Luna Lema. Sanchez and Presas met through Roland Dantes on the film set of "Pacific Connection" (alternate title: "The Stickfighter"). The two became fast friends, as they were both very impressed with each other's martial skills. Presas was so impressed of Sanchez' skill that he insisted upon including Sanchez' Cinco Teros in the pages of "The Practical Art of Eskrima".

Sanchez was one of a handful of Modern Arnis practitioners worldwide to be promoted to Lakan Walo (8th degree black belt). He is also a member of the Modern Arnis Senior Masters Council, a founding member of the World Kali-Eskrima-Arnis Grandmasters Council (headquartered in Manila) as well as founder of Kali-Arnis International.

Sanchez remained deeply loyal to his late friend and teacher, and continued to promote Modern Arnis making it the first step in his training progression.  After a student masters Modern Arnis, he then progressed to Lightning Scientific Arnis and then to Cinco Teros and Kasilagan.

Awards 
GM Vic Sanchez was conferred the Living Legend Award during the 1st Filipino Martial Arts Hall of Fame awarding ceremonies in 2012.

Death 

GM Vic Sanchez passed away in June, 2017 after illness and hospitalization.

See also 
 Modern Arnis
 Arnis
 Filipino Martial Arts

References

External links
 Kali-Arnis International Facebook page
 Cadenilla Eskrima Group

1934 births
2017 deaths
Filipino eskrimadors
Scholastica (school)

Scholastica is a private English medium school in Dhaka, Bangladesh, offering pre-school to A level courses. It was founded in 1977 by businesswoman and former advisor to the government, Yasmeen Murshed. The school follows the Cambridge International Curriculum set by the Cambridge Assessment International Education for Grade 9 to 12 and offers the GCE O Level,
GCE AS  Level and the GCE A Level qualifications. 
It is prominently recognised as one of the elite schools of Bangladesh, boasting a strong alumni network.

History
Scholastica was founded  in 1977, in an effort to meet the demands for schools having English as the medium of instruction, but emphasising equal proficiency in Bengali. At the time of its founding, the school comprised a single campus for junior-level students (grades PG to Class 2) in Gulshan. Since then, the school has expanded to six campuses: four for junior-level students, and two senior-level campuses, both of which, the Mirpur and Uttara campuses are now considered the school's main campus.

Curriculum
Scholastica offers a complete primary, elementary, secondary and high school program leading to the General Certificate of Education examinations which are conducted by the British Council in Dhaka.

Since the 2008–09 academic session, the school's O and A Level examinations have been administered by Cambridge Assessment International Education, replacing the Edexcel system of schooling.

Laboratory
Laboratory facilities are provided for all the science classes. The senior laboratories are inspected and approved by the representatives of the University of London to meet its standard for the practical requirement of the 'O' and 'A' Level examinations.

Extra-curricular activities
Scholastica extra-curricular activities include drama, debating and public speaking. The school also offers a large number of both teacher and student run clubs. School teams participate in inter-school and national competitions. Theatrical presentations are performed in English and Bengali, and it is well known for its annual dramas. Several after-school programs are offered beginning in middle school.

The school is also famous for its renowned Model United Nations conferences, known as "SCHOMUN" in its Uttara Branch and "SMUN" in its Mirpur Branch. The school is also known for hosting the Scholastica Business Summit or "SBS."

Notable alumni
 Wasfia Nazreen, first Bangladeshi and Bengali to the complete the Seven Summits record
 Shazia Omar, Bangladeshi English-language novelist
 Tulip Siddiq, British Member of Parliament and granddaughter of the Father of the nation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Iresh Zaker, a Bangladeshi advertising executive, television and film actor and a musician.

References

External links
 Scholastica

Cambridge schools in Bangladesh
Schools in Dhaka District
Educational institutions established in 1977
1977 establishments in Bangladesh
Schools in Dhaka
Scholastica (school)
Surat Thani (disambiguation)

Surat Thani may refer to
the town Surat Thani
Surat Thani Province
Mueang Surat Thani district
the Roman Catholic Diocese of Surat Thani
Surat Thani Airport
Monthon Surat Thani, a former administrative entity
Surat Thani FC
Galeb (computer)

Galeb () was an 8-bit computer developed by the PEL Varaždin company in Yugoslavia in the early 1980s. A grand total of 250 were produced by the end of the summer of 1984, before being replaced with the Orao.

Galeb was designed by Miroslav Kocjan and inspired by Compukit UK101, Ohio Scientific Superboard and Superboard II computers. These machines appeared in the UK and USA in 1979 and were less expensive than Apple II, Commodore PET and/or TRS-80 computers. Galeb's codename YU 101 was chosen to resemble Compukit's UK101.

Galeb was very similar to computers that inspired it:

Specifications:
 CPU: MOS Technology 6502
 ROM: 16 KB (with modified Microsoft BASIC interpreter and Machine code monitor)
 RAM: 9 KB (expandable to 64 KB)
 Keyboard: 59-key QWERTZ
 I/O ports: composite video and RF TV out, cassette tape interface (DIN-5), RS-232 (D-25), edge expansion connector
 Sound: Internal speaker; single-channel, 5 octaves
 Graphics: monochrome, 96×48 pixels
 Text mode: 48x16 characters
 Price: 90,000 dinars (in 1984)
Emulation of this machine is supported by MESS since 2008 (version 0.124), along with dedicated emulators.

References

Computer-related introductions in 1981
Personal computers
Ivel Ultra

The Ivel Ultra was an 8-bit Croatian Apple II compatible computer designed by Branimir Makanec and developed by Ivasim Electronika in the 1984s.

It was produced in two different versions: the first version has a brown case and ran from 1984 to 1986, the second has a white case and ran from 1987 to 1990.

The machine was equipped with one or two 5.25" floppy disk drives. It came with an Apple I compatible BASIC language. The operating system, called IDOS, is compatible with Apple DOS 3.3.

The Ivel Ultra could be equipped with a second Zilog Z80 processor, in order to offer compatibility with the CP/M operating system.

Specifications 

 CPU: MOS Technology 6502 at 1 MHz
 ROM: 12 KB (BASIC language interpreter and machine language monitor)
 RAM: 64 KB
 Graphic mode: 280 x 192 pixels, 6 colors
 Text mode: 40 x 24
 Operating system: IDOS, compatible with Apple DOS 3.3, CP/M (with an added Z80 CPU)

References

Personal computers
Ivel Z3

Ivel Z3 was an Apple IIe compatible computer developed by Ivasim in 1980s.

References 

Personal computers
FUTOP

FUTOP Clearing Center A/S, is the screen-traded, Danish derivatives market that merged with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange in 1997, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the exchange. In 2003 CSE merged with the OMX exchanges. FUTOP issues, clears, and guarantees futures and options on shares, indices, and interest rate products. FUTOP products can be traded electronically.  Danmarks Nationalbank handles accounts in connection with the administration of margin requirements for trades. Net positions are calculated once a day, after which amounts are exchanged via the participants' accounts with Danmarks Nationalbank. FUTOP has outsourced most of its clearing services to Stockholmsbörsen (part of OM), but not the trade guarantee. Because market participants considered risk management at FUTOP to be so closely related to the provision of trade guarantees, risk management responsibilities were retained by FUTOP along with the trade guarantee.

See also
Copenhagen Stock Exchange
OMX

Notes

External links
Denmark Nationalbank 

Stock exchanges in Europe
Economy of Denmark
Special Tactics and Rescue

Special Tactics and Rescue may refer to:

Real-life Emergency Response Agencies
Hamilton County Special Tactics and Rescue Service (STARS) team, Hamilton County, Tennessee, USA.
Jefferson County Special Tactics and Rescue (STAR) team, New York, USA.
Singapore Police Force's Special Tactics and Rescue (Singapore) team. The country's equivalent of a SWAT/HRT team.
South Australia Police's Special Tasks and Rescue team.

in Fiction
Raccoon Police Department's Special Tactics and Rescue Service (S.T.A.R.S.) unit, appearing in the Resident Evil video game series.
CER-202

CER ( – Digital Electronic Computer) model 202 is an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in the 1960s.

See also
 CER Computers
 Mihajlo Pupin Institute

References 

One-of-a-kind computers
CER computers
Live from the Lake Coast

Live from the Lake Coast is the first DVD release from Umphrey's McGee and features excerpts from the band's two-night stand at the Skyline Stage in Chicago, on July 26 & 27, 2002. It is the only video to feature original drummer Mike Mirro, who would leave the band at the end of the year.

Includes extensive band bios and bonus features.

Track listing
 All In Time
 Utopian Fir
 Pay The Snucka (Part 3)
 The Fuzz
 Hajimemashite
 Jimmy Stewart
 Andy's Last Beer
 Divisions (setbreak)
 Hurt Bird Bath
 2x2
 Jimmy Stewart
 The Triple Wide
 40's Theme
 All In Time (continued)
 Mullet Over (credits)

Personnel
 Brendan Bayliss: guitar, vocals
 Jake Cinninger: guitar, vocals
 Joel Cummins: keyboards
 Ryan Stasik: bass
 Mike Mirro: drums
 Andy Farag: percussion

2002 video albums
2002 live albums
Umphrey's McGee video albums
Live video albums
Sacramento splittail

The splittail  (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus), also called Sacramento splittail, is a cyprinid fish native to the low-elevation waters of the Central Valley in California. It was first described by William O. Ayres in 1854. It is the sole living member of its genus, the Clear Lake splittail P. ciscoides having become extinct in the 1970s.

The distinctive feature of the splittail is the larger upper lobe of the tail fin. It also has tiny barbels at the corners of the mouth. The dorsal fin has 9-10 rays, while the pectoral fins have 16-19 rays, the pelvic fin 8-9 rays, and the anal fin 7-9 rays. Color is silver on the sides, with a dusky olive gray on the back; during the breeding season the fins pick up a red-orange tinge, and the males become darker and develop white tubercles on the head and at the bases of the fins.

They feed on bottom-dwelling invertebrates and detritus, generally in areas of low to moderate current. In Suisun Bay, opossum shrimp (mostly Neomysis mercedis), amphipods such as Corophium, and copepods are favorite foods, while in the Sacramento Delta they eat clams, crustaceans, and insect larvae. During periods of high water levels (February/March), splittails will move into flooded areas to look for earthworms. The Sacramento splittail utilizes floodplain habitat for feeding and spawning, and depends upon floodplain habitat for spawning..

Range
Their range is the lower-elevation waters of the Central Valley, extending to San Francisco Bay. Although once found as far north as Redding, they are now only rarely seen in the upper Sacramento River. They were once caught from southern San Francisco Bay and in Coyote Creek (Santa Clara County), but are now restricted to the Sacramento Delta, Suisun Bay, and the lower parts of Sonoma Creek, Petaluma River and Napa River. They are tolerant of moderate levels of salinity and/or alkalinity.

Status
Splittail were reclassified as a species of special concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on September 22, 2003 from their prior classification as threatened due to litigation. In 2010, the FWS found that the splittail did not warrant listing under the Endangered Species Act. The Central Valley's system of sloughs and backwaters maintained by annual flooding has greatly changed. The cause of the decline of this species is under investigation. IUCN previously classified the splittail as endangered, but the status was downgraded to least concern in 2013.

References

 Peter B. Moyle, Inland Fishes of California (University of California Press, 2002), pp. 146–150

Pogonichthys
Endemic fauna of California
Fish of the Western United States
Freshwater fish of the United States
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Fish described in 1854
Delaware Wizards

The Delaware Wizards were a professional  soccer club based in Wilmington and New Castle, Delaware. The team played their first game in 1993 and their last in 2000. They played in the USISL.  They were considered DC United's farm team but ended up folding due to financial issues and losing players to other clubs.  Many players went to MLS and other USL teams.

In 2007, David Whitcraft was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame for his efforts as the first captain of the team.

In 2008, a reincarnation of the Delaware Wizards was formed playing amateur soccer. Led by a group of former fans and ball boys of the original Delaware Wizards, they have enjoyed modest success. As of 2009, they currently play in the New Castle County Soccer League.

Year-by-year

Current Squad

Defunct soccer clubs in Delaware
USL Second Division teams
Soccer clubs in Delaware
1993 establishments in Delaware
2000 disestablishments in Delaware
Association football clubs established in 1993
Association football clubs disestablished in 2000
Gabe Sachs

Gabe Sachs is an American television producer, who has been a writer/producer with partner Jeff Judah for a number of primetime television shows and movies including Freaks & Geeks, Just Shoot Me, Undeclared, Life As We Know It, 90210, What About Brian, and The Night Shift.  Sachs & Judah were also writers on the hit movies Diary Of A Wimpy Kid and Diary Of A Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules.

Life and career 
Sachs went to New York, got some friends together, and borrowed better equipment. The result was Street Match, a pilot entirely made on spec, which ABC picked up as a summer series. Soon after, Sachs shot his next show Pranks where he met his current writing/producing partner Jeff Judah. They wrote the pilot Damian Cromwell's Postcards From America under a deal at HBO and soon after Sachs & Judah was formed.

Sachs and Judah have been writing, producing and show-running for the past 18 years. On July 17, 2001, both Sachs and Judah through their Sachs/Judah Productions company had inked a deal with Studios USA.

Filmography

Film

Television 
The numbers in directing and writing credits refer to the number of episodes.

Acting credits

References

External links

American television producers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American web producers
Living people
Farrah Gray

Farrah Gray (born Farrakhan Khalid Muhammad) (Born September 9, 1984) is an American businessman, investor, author, columnist, and motivational speaker.

Gray was raised on Chicago's South side. He began his entrepreneurial career at the age of six selling homemade lotion and hand-painted rocks door-to-door.

Gray is the son of the late black nationalist leader Khalid Abdul Muhammad.

Honors
 The Network Journal Under-Forty Class Award (2008)
 The Urban Business Roundtable's Top 40 Game-Changers (2010)
 Famous Black Entrepreneurs list (#5) 
 Trumpet Award (2010)

Books

References

External links
Official website
CNN Up From a Past: African American Firsts" Farrah Gray feature
ABC 2020 America's Reallionaire Farrah Gray

Living people
21st-century American businesspeople
African-American investors
American investors
African-American non-fiction writers
American business writers
American publishing chief executives
American child businesspeople
American columnists
American finance and investment writers
American magazine publishers (people)
American motivational speakers
American motivational writers
American philanthropists
1984 births
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American businesspeople
Detroit Wheels (soccer)

Detroit Wheels were a United States soccer team based in Detroit, Michigan, that played in the USISL for two seasons. Owned by Antonio Soave and Greg Reynolds, the team was established in 1994.  At the time the ownership intended to move up to the American Professional Soccer League for the 1995 season.  However, mounting debts and a smaller than expected fan base saw them remain in the USISL. Wheels played the 1994 season in Wisner Stadium and were coached first by Mark Christenson and then by Mike Francis. The team was captained by Steve Burns, the former Michigan Wolverines men's soccer team head coach. The team was replaced in the USISL in 1996 by Detroit Dynamite.

Year-by-year

References

Defunct soccer clubs in Michigan
W
USISL teams
Soccer clubs in Michigan
1994 establishments in Michigan
1995 disestablishments in Michigan
Association football clubs established in 1994
Association football clubs disestablished in 1995
Jeff Judah

Jeff Judah is an American film and television producer and writer. Along with his writing/producing partner Gabe Sachs, Judah serves as creator and executive producer of the NBC medical drama series The Night Shift. The two also created ABC's teen drama series Life As We Know It. Judah also worked as a producer on the remake of 90210,  and wrote the screenplay for the film Diary of a Wimpy Kid, released on March 19, 2010.

On July 17, 2001, both Sachs and Judah through their Sachs/Judah Productions company had signed a deal with Studios USA.

Filmography

Film

Television 
The numbers in directing and writing credits refer to the number of episodes.

Acting credits

References

External links
 

American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American male television writers
American web producers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
St Brides Major

St. Brides Major () is a village within the community also called St Brides Major in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales.

The village is located approximately 1.5 mi from the Glamorgan Heritage Coast. It is connected by bus to the nearby towns Llantwit Major and Bridgend ).

Notable buildings
The village is the location of St. Bridget's church, the Fox & Hounds and the Farmer's Arms pubs, Pitcot Pool and St. Brides Primary School.

The 12th-century Church of St Bridget is now in the combined Parish of Ewenny and St Brides Major, within the Diocese of Llandaff. For much of its history it was a Parish in its own right, co-inciding with the civil parish and more recently community boundaries. Until the Reformation the Church was, along with Ewenny Priory and other local churches, a possession of Gloucester Abbey, both having been given to the abbey in 1141. It contains a number of medieval tombs and memorials, but the building itself was heavily restored by Egbert Moxham in 1851.

There were two non-conformist Chapels within St Brides Major village. Bryn Sion Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, Penylan Road, was built in 1859, replacing a building of 1824.  It closed in 1987 and is now a house. Horeb Baptist Church, Ewenny Road, was built in 1863 and closed in 2003.  The building was sympathetically restored during 2019 and is now a hairdressers and beauty clinic.

Electoral ward
St Brides Major was transferred from the Borough of Ogwr to the Vale of Glamorgan on 1 April 1996. St Brides Major became an electoral ward to the Vale of Glamorgan Council, electing one county councillor. The ward also includes the community of Wick.

At the first 1995 elections, the ward elected a Labour Party councillor, though at subsequent elections it elected a Conservative representative.

Prior to 1996 St Brides Major was a ward to Mid Glamorgan County Council and Ogwr Borough Council.

References

External links
St Brides Major, Southerndown and Ogmore by Sea Community Website
Primary school
Geograph :  Photos of St Brides Major and surrounding area

Saint Brides Major
Vale of Glamorgan electoral wards
Haukat

The Jääurheiluseura Hawks, commonly known as the Haukat ('Hawks'), is a men's ice hockey team in the Suomi-sarja, the third-tier professional ice hockey league in Finland.  The team is based in Järvenpää, in the Uusimaa region of southern Finland, and their home arena is the Järvenpää Ice Hall ().

History
Founded in 1979, the team faced relegation to the Suomi-sarja after losing the Mestis regular season in 2005–06. After years of financial trouble and facing the prospect of relegation, Haukat gave up their place in Mestis and ended their hockey activities for a few years.

Haukat started playing hockey again during the season 2009–2010. Haukat started playing in 2. Divisioona, which is the fourth highest level of hockey in finland. The team was promoted to Suomi-sarja for 2017–2018 season.

Notable Haukat players
 Petri Varis
 Kimmo Kuhta
 Juuso Laukkanen
 Jussi Helminen
 Miika Uosukainen
 Jari Viuhkola
 Jari Kurri

References

External links

 Official Website  
 Haukat at Eliteprospects.com

Defunct ice hockey teams in Europe
Mestis teams
Järvenpää
Sport in Uusimaa
Private intelligence agency

A private intelligence agency (PIA) is a private sector (non-governmental) or quasi-non-government organization devoted to the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information, through the evaluation of public sources (OSINT or Open Source INTelligence) and cooperation with other institutions. Some private intelligence agencies obtain information deceptively or through on-the-ground activities for clients.

Private agencies have made their services available to governments as well as individual consumers; they have also sold their services to large corporations with an interest or investment in the category (e.g. crime, disease, corruption, etc.) or the region (e.g. Middle East, Vietnam, Prague, etc.) or to investigate perceived threats such as environmental groups or human rights groups.

Some private intelligence agencies use online perception management, social media influencing/manipulation campaigns, strategic disinformation (such as fake news production/propaganda production), opposition research and political campaigns using social media and artificial intelligence such as Psy-Group, Cambridge Analytica and Black Cube. The Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab described the activity of Archimedes Group as practicing "information warfare". Former anti-corruption prosecutor Aaron Sayne said private intelligence is "an industry that's largely undocumented and has very flexible ethical norms" as agencies collect and use sensitive information "for one purpose on day one and some completely contradictory purpose on day two".

The private intelligence industry has boomed due to shifts in how the U.S. government is conducting espionage in the War on Terror. Some $56 billion (USD) or 70% of the $80 billion national intelligence budget of the United States was in 2013 earmarked for the private sector according to The New York Times Tim Shorrock. Functions previously performed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), and other intelligence agencies are now outsourced to private intelligence corporations.

List of private intelligence companies

Active
AEGIS (UK)
AggregateIQ (Canada)
Archimedes Group (Israel)
Black Cube (Israel & UK)
Booz Allen Hamilton (US)
Control Risks Group (UK)
Emerdata Limited (UK)
Fusion GPS (US)
Groupe GEOS (France)
Hakluyt & Company (UK) 
Kroll Inc. (US)
NSO Group (Israel)
Oxford Analytica (UK)
Palantir Technologies (US)
Pinkerton National Detective Agency (US)
Smith Brandon International, Inc. (US)
Stratfor (US)
Inactive
Cambridge Analytica (UK)
Psy-Group (Israel)
SCL Group (UK)

See also

Private military company
Private security company
Private investigator
Defense contractor
Business intelligence
Competitive intelligence
Open-source intelligence
Think tank
Labor spying in the United States

References

 
Intelligence agencies
Ron Morrison

Ron Morrison was the head of School of the computer science department of the University of St. Andrews where he worked on programming languages, inventing S-algol, and coinventing PS-algol and Napier88. He had graduated from St. Andrews with a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 1979. He is also heavily involved with local athletics, coaching the University Cross-Country team, and young, up and coming local athletes. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the current President of Scottish Athletics.

He retired from St. Andrews in January 2008.

Selected publications

Coaching and officiating 
Morrison has coached many athletes, including Andrew Lemoncello and Derek Rae.  He received the Endurance Official of the Year award at British Athletics 16th annual Officials Conference in April 2019.

References

External links 
 , St. Andrews
 Keynes Without Debt
 Scottish Athletics staff page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Christopher Rowley

Christopher Rowley (born 1948) is an American writer specializing in the science fiction and fantasy genres. He is also a former journalist and television screenwriter.

Christopher Rowley was born in 1948 in Lynn, Massachusetts, to an American mother and an English father. Educated primarily at Brentwood School, in Essex, England, he became a London-based journalist in the 1970s. In 1977 he moved to New York City, and now lives in upstate New York's Hudson Valley.

Rowley's first science fiction novel was The War for Eternity, published in 1983, which won the Compton Crook Award for best first novel. The War for Eternity led to three further novels set in the same future: The Black Ship, The Founder, and To a Highland Nation. His novel Starhammer has been cited by computer programmer Jason Jones as an important literary influence in the creation of the Halo video game series by Bungie. Starhammer was followed by The Vang: The Military Form and The Vang: The Battlemaster to form a loosely connected trilogy (all published by Ballantine Books) spanning several thousand years and involving different sets of characters in each book.

In the 1990s, Rowley switched to the fantasy genre with the success of his first novel for Roc Books, Bazil Broketail. This novel was set on the imaginary world Ryetelth and involved the adventures of battledragons and the boys that care for them in the service of the legions of the nine cities of the Argonath. Bazil Broketail's adventures continued with Sword for a Dragon, Dragons of War, Battledragon, A Dragon at World's End, Dragons of Argonath, and Dragon Ultimate. The Ryetelth novels also include a tangential story, told in The Wizard and the Floating City, that interrupted the sequence of Bazil Broketail novels and introduced new characters and a broadening of the conceptual framework of the entire series. In the 1980s and 1990s he also co-wrote two television animated series by Robert Mandell, The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers and Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders.

After the conclusion of the Bazil Broketail series, he produced the Books of Arna, a trilogy set on Arna, a world colonized by humans in the far future. This series began with The Ancient Enemy, continued with The Shasht War, and concluded with Doom's Break. In February 2009, Rowley's first illustrated novel, titled Arkham Woods, a supernatural tale of horror inspired by the Cthulhu Mythos of H.P. Lovecraft and published by Seven Seas.

References

External links
  (2005-2009)
 
 Christopher Rowley at The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction

1948 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American horror writers
American male journalists
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
American science fiction writers
American television writers
American male television writers
Living people
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
How I Spent My Summer Vacation (album)

How I Spent My Summer Vacation is the fifth studio album by American punk rock band the Bouncing Souls. It was recorded in November and December 2000. It was released on May 22, 2001.  This was the first album to feature new drummer Michael McDermott, formerly of Murphy's Law and Skinnerbox.  The song "Manthem" is featured in the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4.

Release
On February 28, 2001, "True Believers" and the music video for "Here We Go" was posted on the band's website. The band was due to support Green Day on their tour of Japan in March; however, due to an illness in drummer Michael McDermott's family, the band pulled out. In early May 2001, the band filmed a music video for "Gone". How I Spent My Summer Vacation was released in May 2001, through Epitaph Records. In May and June 2001, the band toured Europe as part of the Deconstruction Tour. In August 2001, the band filmed a music video for "True Believers" at CBGB in New York City. In February and March 2002, the band went on tours of the west and east coasts; Alkaline Trio supported on the west coast dates, while the Pietasters, Strike Anywhere, the Arsons, and the Unseen supported the east coast shows.

Reception

Cleveland.com ranked "True Believers" at number 57 on their list of the top 100 pop-punk songs. Alternative Press ranked "True Believers" at number 50 on their list of the best 100 singles from the 2000s.

Track listing
All songs by The Bouncing Souls
 "That Song" – 2:03
 "Private Radio" – 2:13
 "True Believers" – 2:31
 "Better Life" – 1:50
 "The Something Special" – 3:25
 "Broken Record" – 2:50
 "Lifetime" – 3:22
 "Manthem" – 3:08
 "Break-up Song" – 1:52
 "Streetlight Serenade (To No One)" – 2:04
 "Late Bloomer" – 2:48
 "No Comply" – 1:58
 "Gone" – 4:07

Personnel
Greg Attonito – vocals
Pete Steinkopf – guitar
Bryan Keinlen – bass guitar, artwork
Michael McDermott – drums
John Seymour – engineer
Jonathon Leary – assistant engineer
Tim Gilles – technician
Robert Vosgien – technician

References

The Bouncing Souls albums
2001 albums
Epitaph Records albums
Skate punk albums
Ezri

Ezri is a derivation of the Hebrew verb "ozer".  "Ozer" translates into English as "to help".  Ezri is translated from the Hebrew as "my help".

Ezri is used both as a surname and a given name.  The earliest of use of Ezri as a given name is found in the Old Testament at 1 Chronicles 27:26 where Ezri is identified as the son of Chelub, though "Chelub" is a slight mispronounciation in the King James Bible, since the original Hebrew text in the Torah uses a "cuff" not a "chuff" character.   A better rendering of the "Chelub" as, "Kelub" is found in other translations.  Ezri's occupation is described as an overseer of the workers of King David's lands.

Notable instances of the name Ezri include:

 Ezri Konsa (born 1997), English professional footballer
 Ezri Namvar (born c. 1952), Iranian-born American businessman, philanthropist and convicted criminal
 Ezri Tarazi (born 1962), Israeli industrial designer and educator for design
 Ezri Dax, fictional character from Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 PO EZRI, passenger bus company from Indonesia

See also
 Esri
 Avi Ezri (disambiguation)

References
Edmund Giemsa

Edmund Giemza (Giemsa) (16 October 1912 – 30 September 1994) was a Polish interwar soccer player. He was born on 16 October 1912 in Upper Silesian city of Ruda Śląska and died on 30 September 1994 in Chinnor, England.

Giemsa played for Ruch Chorzów as well as the Poland national team.  With Ruch, he was a multiple champion of Poland (1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938).

On 4 June 1933 in Warsaw he debuted in Poland national team (Poland - Belgium 0-1). Altogether he played in 9 international games, without scoring any goals.  He was in Polish Roster in World Cup France 1938, but did not appear on the field in the legendary game Poland - Brazil 5-6 (5 June 1938, Strasbourg, France). His last game, in a white-red jersey, was on 27 August 1939 in Warsaw (Poland - Hungary 4-2).

Edmund Giemsa is Great-Grandfather to Ethan Giemza and Grandfather to Stefan Giemza.

During World War II he was forced to join the Wehrmacht but deserted and joined the French Resistance from where he joined the Polish Army. After the war Giemsa decided to stay in the United Kingdom and did not return to Poland.

See also
 Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

References

1912 births
1994 deaths
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Ruch Chorzów players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Ruda Śląska
Sportspeople from the Province of Silesia
German Army personnel of World War II
French Resistance members
Deserters
Central de Trabajadores Democráticos

Central de Trabajadores Democráticos (CTD) is a trade union centre in El Salvador. It was founded in the 1980s, and is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

Trade unions in El Salvador
International Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions established in the 1980s
List of fraternities and sororities in the Philippines

The following is an incomplete list of fraternities and sororities in the Philippines.

Explanation of columns
 Range – International (chapters both in and out of the Philippines), National (chapters across the Philippines), regional (a few chapters in the same district), and local (one chapter)
 Active chapters – number of active chapters in the Philippines only
 Affiliation – membership in organization of fraternities and / or sororities
 Registration  – indicates if the organization is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines).

General fraternities and sororities

Notes

Professional

Notes

References 

Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text

Student societies in the Philippines

Fraternities and sororities
Philippines
Gnarrenburg

Gnarrenburg is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km southwest of Bremervörde, and 40 km northeast of Bremen.

Gnarrenburg belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

References

Rotenburg (district)
Scheeßel

Scheeßel (; Northern Low Saxon: Scheeßl) is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Wümme, approx. 10 km northeast of Rotenburg, 45 km east of Bremen, and 70 km southwest of Hamburg.

Scheeßel belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712 to 1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Scheeßel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

The village celebrated its 1,200th anniversary in 2005. However, this was based on the mention of Skaesla in the Diedenhofener Kapitular, issued by Charlemagne on 24 December 805 in Diedenhofen (now Thionville), and there are rival theories as to where Skaesla might be.

The village is host to the annual Hurricane Festival close to the Eichenring motorcycle speedway.

Scheeßel hosted the 2011 Team Long Track World Championship, the competition which has in the past been dominated by Germany. It has also hosted seven Long Track World Champion finals.

Twin towns
Scheeßel is twinned with:

  Tukums, Latvia
  Teterow, Germany

Notable residents
 Paul Carell (1911-1997), Nazi propagandist, lived in Scheeßel after World War II
 Matthias Scherz (born 1971), footballer
 Elke Twesten (born 1963), politician

References

 http://grasstrackgb.co.uk/venue-scheessel/
Richard Marsh

Richard Marsh may refer to:

 Richard Marsh (bishop) (died 1226), Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Durham
 Richard Marsh (horseman) (1851–1933), British racehorse trainer
 Richard Marsh (author) (1857–1915), pseudonym of author Richard Heldman
 Richard Marsh, Baron Marsh (1928–2011), Labour cabinet minister and chairman of British Rail
 Richard Marsh (racing driver), British Touring Car Championship racer
 Richard Marsh (rugby league) (born 1962), rugby league footballer of the 1980s
 Richard Marsh (1937–2009), birth name of American musician Sky Saxon
Richard Oglesby Marsh (1883-1953), an American engineer, explorer, diplomat, and ethnologist.
Dąb Katowice

Dąb Katowice was a Polish sports club from Upper Silesian capital of Katowice. Founded in 1911 as SV Eiche (Sport Verein Eiche) (Katowice was then located in German Empire, its German name was Kattowitz), the club existed until September 9, 1968, when a merger with GKS Katowice took place and a new organization took over the name GKS.

Dąb had numerous sports sections, including swimming (multiple champions of Poland in the years 1935–1939), boxing, gymnastics, ice-hockey (champion of Poland 1939), wrestling and soccer. Dąb's soccer team played two seasons in Polish League – in 1936 it was 8th, but in 1937 it was expelled from the League in mid-season, due to an attempt to bribe rivals. All Dąb's games’ results were changed to 0–3 and subsequently the team was relegated. Katowice's side most famous player is Ewald Dytko, who took part in the legendary 1938 World Cup Soccer game Poland – Brazil 5–6 (June 5, 1938, Strasbourg, France).

Football clubs in Katowice
Defunct football clubs in Poland
Association football clubs established in 1911
Association football clubs disestablished in 1937
Sport in Katowice
1911 establishments in Poland
The People of the Abyss

The People of the Abyss (1903) is a book by Jack London, containing his first-hand account of several weeks spent living in the Whitechapel district of the East End of London in 1902. London attempted to understand the working-class of this deprived area of the city, sleeping in workhouses or on the streets, and staying as a lodger with a poor family. The conditions he experienced and wrote about were the same as those endured by an estimated 500,000 of the contemporary London poor.

Antecedents and legacy
There had been several previous accounts of slum conditions in England, notably The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels. Most had been based on secondhand sources, unlike London's personal account. A contemporary advertisement for the book compared it to Jacob Riis's sensational How the Other Half Lives (1890), which had documented life in the slums of New York City in the 1880s.

George Orwell was inspired by The People of the Abyss, which he had read in his teens. In the 1930s, he began disguising himself as a derelict and made tramping expeditions into the poor section of London. The influence of The People of the Abyss can be seen in Down and Out in Paris and London and The Road to Wigan Pier.

Reviewing the book for the Daily Express, journalist and editor Bertram Fletcher Robinson wrote that it would be "difficult to find a more depressing volume".

Phraseology

When London wrote the book, the phrase "the Abyss", with its connotation of Hell, was in wide use to refer to the life of the urban poor. It featured in H. G. Wells's popular 1901 book Anticipations multiple times, along with the phrase "the People of the Abyss", which he would use again in Chapter 3 of Mankind in the Making (1903). In 1907 London used the expression "the people of the abyss" in The Iron Heel, a work of dystopian science fiction set in the United States.

Bibliography
 Rees, Rosemary; Shephard, Colin, "OCR British Depth Study 1906-1918: British Society in Change", London : Hodder Murray, Jan 23, 2002,  Reference - Page 10 Source 4

See also
Victorian Slum House, a BBC series about a modern recreation of a slum tenement and its inhabitants in the East End of London

References

External links

Online text of the 1903 edition  of The People of the Abyss, with illustrations

1903 non-fiction books
1903 in England
Books about poverty
Books by Jack London
English non-fiction books
History of the City of London
History of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Poverty in England
Slums in Europe
Whitechapel
Working class in England
Non-fiction books about immigration
Seize quartiers

Seize quartiers is a French phrase which literally means a person's "sixteen quarters", the coats of arms of their sixteen great-great-grandparents quarters of nobility, which are typically accompanied by a five generation genealogy  ahnentafel outlining the relationship between them and their descendant. They were used as a proof of nobility ("the proof of the Seize Quartiers") in part of Continental Europe beginning in the seventeenth century and achieving their highest prominence in the eighteenth. In other parts, like in France, antiquity of the male line was preferred. Possession of seize-quartiers guaranteed admission to any court in Europe, and bestowed many advantages. For example, Frederick the Great was known to make a study of the seize quartiers of his courtiers. They were less common in the British Isles, seventeenth-century Scottish examples being the most prevalent. 

According to Arthur Charles Fox-Davies in 1909, there were very few valid examples of seize quartiers among British families outside a small group of "Roman Catholic aristocracy", and after diligent searching, he could only find two Britons who were entitled to Trente Deux Quartiers (five generations of ancestors who were all armigerous). 

Some held the view that, once a family had achieved seize-quartiers, descendants in the male line would continue to be entitled to the benefits even if they continually married non-armigerous women. Their use is now generally limited to genealogical, heraldic, and antiquarian circles.

See also
Genealogical numbering systems
Quarters of nobility

References

Heraldry
Genealogy
VVV

VVV may refer to:

 VVV (magazine), a surrealist ,reality publication
 VVV-Venlo, a Dutch football team
 Valvoline, an American company which trades on the NYSE as VVV
 Varsity Victory Volunteers, a Japanese-American paramilitary unit in Hawaii
 Venus Versus Virus (a.k.a. V.V.V.), a manga by Atsushi Suzumi
 Vereniging voor Vreemdelingenverkeer, the tourist board of the Netherlands
 Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht, the Dutch Association for Women's Suffrage
 Vista Variables in the Via Lactea, an astronomical survey of the bulge and disk of our galaxy
 Valvrave the Liberator, a Japanese mecha anime series
 Valhalla Vintage Verb, a computer program that creates reverberation effects for music production

See also
 VV (disambiguation)