alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
60 Minute Makeover

60 Minute Makeover is a British home interior design television programme broadcast on ITV, and later by Quest Red. In 2013, the show's name changed to reflect the change in presenter to Peter Andre.

Format
The challenge was to redecorate and makeover a number of rooms in a house in 60 minutes. The house owner is usually nominated by a relative or friend for a secret visit by the 60 Minute Makeover team who remodel their house whilst they are away.  On returning, the owners are given a tour of their remodelled rooms by the host. The cost of the makeover is stated at the end of each show. The house owner earning the makeover is often in need of help due to illness or difficult times.

Presenters and designers

Presenters
Claire Sweeney (2004–2006)
Terri Dwyer (2007–2009)
Linda Barker (2010)
Catherine Gee (2011–2012)
Peter Andre (2013–2014, 2018)

Claire Sweeney was the original host, presenting the programme for several series before Terri Dwyer took over. In series 7, 60 Minute Makeover was fronted and timed by the designer who also acted as presenter with and narration provided by Alex Hall, Lee Williams and Catherine Gee. From series 7 to 12, the number of rooms made over has been reduced from 4 to 3, to cut production costs.

In spring 2011, the programme returned to its original format and was given a new look with Catherine Gee as the new host for series 8 with the designers once again concentrating on remodeling the rooms as prior to series 7. The team decorated three rooms per show. Gee also provided the narration for the show for these two series.

In 2013, singer and reality TV star Peter Andre took over as the main presenter. The show was rebranded as Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover, beginning on 11 November 2013.

Designers
 John Amabile
 Linda Barker
 Ann Hazell
 Ben Hillman
 Leah Hughes
 Julia Kendell
 Carl Machin
 Richard Randall
 Kathryn Rayward
 Sophie Robinson
 Hannah Sandling
 Derek Taylor
 Scott Waldron

Transmissions

Awards

International broadcasts

References

2004 British television series debuts
2018 British television series endings
2000s British reality television series
2010s British reality television series
English-language television shows
ITV reality television shows
Makeover reality television series
Television series by ITV Studios
Orthochromasia

In chemistry, orthochromasia is the property of a dye or stain to not change color on binding to a target, as opposed to metachromatic stains, which change color. The word is derived from the Greek orthos (correct, upright), and chromatic (color). Toluidine blue is an example of a partially orthochromatic dye, as it stains nucleic acids by its orthochromatic color (blue), but stains mast cell granules in its metachromatic color (red).

In spectral terms, orthochromasia refers to maintaining the position of spectral peaks, while metachromasia refers to a shift in wavelength, becoming either shorter or longer.

In photography, an orthochromatic light spectrum is one devoid of red light.

In biology, orthochromatic refers to the greyish staining because of acidophilic and basophilic mixture in the cell.

Orthochromatic photography 

Orthochromatic photography refers to a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to only blue and green light, and thus can be processed with a red safelight. The increased blue sensitivity causes blue objects to appear lighter, and red ones darker. A cyan lens filter (which removes red light) can be used with standard panchromatic film to produce a similar effect.

Orthochromatic films were first produced by Hermann Wilhelm Vogel in 1873 by adding small amounts of certain aniline-based dyes to photographic emulsions, which until that time had been sensitive to blue light only. This work was extended by others including Josef Maria Eder, who introduced the use of the red dye erythrosine in 1884.

See also
Panchromatic

References 

Photographic film types
Lists of English words

The following articles list English words that share certain features in common.

Lists of words

With unusual spelling
 English words without vowels
 List of English words containing Q not followed by U
 List of English words that may be spelled with a ligature

By formation
 List of English apocopations
 List of English back-formations
 List of portmanteaus
 List of retronyms
 List of words ending in ology
 -graphy
 -ism

By pronunciation
 List of English words without rhymes
 List of the longest English words with one syllable
 List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations
 List of onomatopoeias

By provenance
 List of calques
 Lists of English words by country or language of origin

By part of speech
 List of collective nouns
 List of English auxiliary verbs
 List of English determiners
 List of English copulae
 List of English irregular verbs
 List of eponymous adjectives in English
 Post-positive adjective

Regionalisms
 List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom
 List of British words not widely used in the United States
 List of South African English regionalisms
 List of words having different meanings in American and British English: A–L
 List of words having different meanings in American and British English: M–Z

See also

 List of English-language idioms
 List of 19th-century English language idioms
 List of kennings
 List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
 List of Newspeak words
 Longest word in English

Articles about English word lists
 Academic Word List
 Collins Scrabble Words
 Dolch word list
 General Service List
 NASPA Word List (formerly Official Tournament and Club Word List)
 New General Service List

External links
List of English Words Sorted Alphabetically
Magnificent Obsession (disambiguation)

Magnificent Obsession is a 1929 novel by Lloyd C. Douglas.

Magnificent Obsession may also refer to:

Film and TV
 Magnificent Obsession (1935 film)
 Magnificent Obsession (1954 film)
 Z Channel: A Magnificent Obsession, a film channel documentary
 Magnificent Obsessions, a Canadian documentary TV series

Music
 Magnificent Obsession (album)
 "Magnificent Obsession", a song by Steven Curtis Chapman from the album Declaration
 "Magnificent Obsession", a song by the band Fehlfarben
Donglin Academy

The Donglin Academy (, Wade–Giles Tung-lin), also known as the Guishan Academy (龜山書院 Guīshān Shūyuàn), was a former Chinese educational institution in Wuxi, China. It was originally built in 1111 during the Northern Song dynasty; the neo-Confucian scholar Yang Shi () taught there, but the academy later fell into disuse and disrepair. The name "Donglin" was inspired by the Donglin Temple at the base of Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. Yang Shi visited the Donglin Temple and felt that it was a good place for teaching. When he finished his scholarship, he travelled to Wuxi and saw that the layout of the academy was similar to the Donglin Temple, so he taught at that site for 18 years. The academy was thus called "Donglin Academy".

History
In 1604, during the Wanli era of the Ming dynasty, Gu Xiancheng (1550–1612), a Grand Secretary, along with the scholars Gao Panlong (高攀龍; 1562–1626),  Qian Yiben (), An Xifan (; 1564–1621) and Yu Kongjian () restored the Donglin Academy with financial backing from the local gentry and officials such as Ouyang Dongfeng (), the governor of Changzhou, and Lin Zai (), the county magistrate of Wuxi. The academy gave its name to the resulting Donglin movement.

In 1626, the academy was brutally destroyed, leaving only part of the stone memorial arch. The contemporary academy was a reconstruction during the Qing dynasty by the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors to win the support of Han Chinese scholars living in Wuxi.

The government of the People's Republic of China redecorated the academy between 1981 and 1982.

References

Confucian education
Confucianism in China
1111 establishments in Asia
History of education in China
Confucian schools
Song dynasty
12th-century establishments in China
Ming dynasty architecture
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu
Confucian academies in Jiangsu
Education in Wuxi
Half the World Is Watching Me

Half the World Is Watching Me is the second album by Danish alternative rock band Mew, released on their own record label Evil Office in 2000.  The album was originally printed in about only 5,000 copies, but has been reissued twice for wider distribution. The reissued version released 4 September 2007 includes a nine-track bonus disc. The original release and the 2007 reissue include a hidden track, "Ending". The final 11 seconds of "Ending" are in fact the first 11 seconds at the start of "Am I Wry? No" before the drums kick in.

Track listing

Original release
 "Ending" – 2:01
 "Am I Wry? No" – 4:53
 "Mica" – 2:58
 "Saliva" – 4:08
 "King Christian" – 4:24
 "Her Voice Is Beyond Her Years" – 4:24
 "156" – 4:46
 "Symmetry" – 5:18
 "Comforting Sounds" – 8:44

To find the hidden track "Ending", which is identified by the purple circle at the center of the disc, start the opening track "Am I Wry? No" and rewind past 0:00.

Bonus tracks on first reissue
 "She Came Home for Christmas" – 4:01
 "I Should Have Been a Tsin-Tsi (For You)" – 2:01

This version did not include the hidden track "Ending", but added 2 bonus tracks (which are versions unique to this record). It is identifiable by a slightly different cover where the text has a white border, and an expanded booklet with full-page photographs of the band members. The disc is reflective, not totally white like the original release.

2007 reissue bonus disc
 "Half The World Is Watching Me" (studio outtake) – 3:04
 "Her Voice Is Beyond Her Years" (live) – 3:18
 "Mica" (live) – 3:42
 "Wheels Over Me" (live) – 2:42
 "Wherever" (live) – 5:31
 "156" (Cubase demo) – 5:22
 "Quietly" (demo) – 3:29
 "Comforting Sounds (Do I Look Puerto Rican?)" (demo) – 7:48

Personnel

Mew
Jonas Bjerre - electric guitars, acoustic guitars, piano, synthesizers
Bo Madsen - electric guitars, acoustic guitars
Johan Wohlert - bass, guitars
Silas Utke Graae Jørgensen - drums, percussion, tympani, drum machine

Additional personnel
Tim Christensen - Mellotron
Klaus Nielson - synthesizers (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7)
Mads Hyhne and Kasper Tranberg - horns
Flemming Rasmussen and Morten Sidenius - co-producer
Flemming Rasmussen - engineer, mixer
Jan Eliasson and Morten Bue - mastering engineer

References

Mew (band) albums
2000 albums
Masami Tsuda

is a Japanese manga artist. She specialises in shōjo manga, the most famous being Kare Kano: His and Her Circumstances, which is set in Kanagawa.

Since finishing Kare Kano, she worked on the series Chotto Edo Made which appeared in LaLa from May 2008 through August 2011. She then  has started work on Hinoko, premiering in LaLa in March 2012.

Manga works
 (1993)
 (1994)
 (1994)
 (1995)
 (1996)
 (1996–2005)
 (1999)
 (2005)
 (2007)
 (2008-2011)
 (2012-2017)

References

External links
 
Animeland interview 

Women manga artists
Manga artists from Kanagawa Prefecture
1970 births
Living people
Japanese female comics artists
Female comics writers
20th-century Japanese women writers
21st-century Japanese women writers
Graph state

In quantum computing, a graph state is a special type of multi-qubit state that can be represented by a graph. Each qubit is represented by a vertex of the graph, and there is an edge between every interacting pair of qubits. In particular, they are a convenient way of representing certain types of entangled states.

Graph states are useful in quantum error-correcting codes, entanglement measurement and purification and for characterization of computational resources in measurement based quantum computing models. A graph state is a particular case of a 2-uniform hypergraph state, a generalization where the edges have N cardinality.

Formal definition 
Quantum graph states can be defined in two equivalent ways: through the notion of quantum circuits and stabilizer formalism.

Quantum circuit definition 
Given a graph , with the set of vertices  and the set of edges , the corresponding graph state is defined as

where  and the operator  is the controlled-Z interaction between the two vertices (corresponding to two qubits)  and

Stabilizer formalism definition 

An alternative and equivalent definition is the following, which makes use of the stabilizer formalism.

Define an operator  for each vertex  of :

where  are the Pauli matrices and  is the set of vertices adjacent to .  The  operators commute.  The graph state  is defined as the simultaneous -eigenvalue eigenstate of the  operators :

Equivalence between the two definitions 
A proof of the equivalence of the two definitions can be found in.

Examples 

 If  is a three-vertex path, then the  stabilizers are

The corresponding quantum state is

 

 If  is a triangle on three vertices, then the  stabilizers are

The corresponding quantum state is

 

Observe that  and  are locally equivalent to each other, i.e., can be mapped to each other by applying one-qubit unitary transformations.  Indeed, switching  and  on the first and last qubits, while switching  and  on the middle qubit, maps the stabilizer group of one into that of the other.

More generally, two graph states are locally equivalent if and only if the corresponding graphs are related by a sequence of so-called "local complementation" steps, as shown by Van den Nest et al. (2005).

See also 
 Entanglement
 Cluster state

References

External links
Quantum graph states: two equivalent definitions

Quantum information science
Quantum states
Jan Krekels

Jan Jozef Alfons Franciscus Krekels (born 26 August 1947) is a retired cyclist from the Netherlands. He became Olympic champion in the 100 km team time trial in 1968 with Joop Zoetemelk, René Pijnen and Fedor den Hertog; at the same Games he came in 11th in the road race. He also won the 19th stage of the Tour de France in 1971 and the prologue of Paris–Nice in 1970. He retired from professional cycling in 1978.

Krekels won three four major races of 1968, including the Tour of Austria, to be selected to the 1968 Olympic team. In 1969 he turned professional. He turned down a contract with the French team, Bic because he did not speak French. He rode instead for a small Dutch team and his career fizzled out.

Major results

1968
Archer International Grand Prix
Omloop der Kempen
Ronde van Overijssel
Tour of Austria
Ronde van Limburg
 Olympic Games team time trial
1969
Orchies
1970
Acht van Chaam
1971
Ulestraten
Strombeek-Bever
Tour de France:
Winner stage 19
1972
Simpelveld
Vuelta a Andalucía
1972
Born
1973
Valkenswaard
Born
1974
Beringen
Geetbets
1976
Arendonk
Kloosterzande
Kruiningen
1978
Obbicht
Boxmeer

References

External links 

1947 births
Living people
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Dutch male cyclists
Dutch Tour de France stage winners
Olympic cyclists for the Netherlands
Olympic gold medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in cycling
People from Sittard
Tour de Suisse stage winners
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Limburg (Netherlands)
20th-century Dutch people
21st-century Dutch people
Xeneizes

Fans of Boca Juniors are called Xeneizes.

Xeneizes is an album by the Icelandic hip hop group Quarashi, released on October 25, 1999, in Iceland.

Track listing
"Stick 'Em Up" (featuring Omar Swarez) – 3:49
"Tarfur" – 2:43
"Punk" (featuring Omar Swarez) – 2:59
"Jivin' About" – 3:50
"Brasilian Mongo" [Instrumental] – 3:22
"Model Citizen" – 3:50
"Tambourine Cut" – 2:44
"Xeneizes" – 3:08
"Mayday" (featuring Úlfur Kolka) – 3:35
"Surreal Rhyme" – 4:17
"Show Me What You Can" – 3:12
"Fuck You Puto" – 3:05
"Dive In" – 4:00
"Bless" [Instrumental] – 2:24

Bonus Media on CD

15. Fly To The Sky (Bonus Track)

16. Stay Funky [Instrumental] (Bonus Track)

17. Show Me What You Can [Instrumental] (Bonus Track)

18. Mayday [A Capella] (Bonus Track)

Personnel
Hössi Olafsson - Rapper, Singer on "Dive In"
Steini a.k.a. Stoney - Rapper, Singer on "Jivin' About"
Sölvi Blöndal - Producer, Drummer, Keyboardist, Percussionist
DJ Dice - DJ
Omar Swarez - Rapper
Úlfur Kolka - Rapper
Hrannar Ingimarsson - Producer, Engineer, Mixing, Keyboardist
Gaukur Úlfarsson - Bassist
Smári "Tarfur" Jósepsson - Guitarist
Vidar Hákon Gislason - Guitarist

Quarashi albums
Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography

The Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography, commonly known as CICRED, is a non-governmental organization accredited with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Founded in 1972, it aims at developing cooperation amongst national population research centres, and encouraging new research. It serves as a platform for interaction between research centres and international organizations, such as United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

CICRED was run from its creation up to 1990 by Jean Bourgeois-Pichat, followed by Léon Tabah and then Philippe Collomb. Christophe Z Guilmoto became the new director in 2005. CICRED elected Francis Gendreau as its first Council Chair in 1993 and Gavin Jones in 2001.

CICRED today is an association of more than 700 research organizations dealing with population issues, from national statistical bureaux to research departments in demography. Its office is located in Paris in the premises of INED. The CICRED General Assembly consisting of the representatives of the member centres meets every four years during the IUSSP International Population Conference. The CICRED Council consists of seven members elected for four years by the members, three ex officio members from international organizations and is presided over by the chairperson. The Council decides on the administration of the Committee and on its strategic orientations.

Beyond its networking activities, CICRED conducts also international research programmes. It recently organized several conferences or seminars on subjects such aids and spatial mobility, demographic dividend, population-environment-development inter-relations or female deficit in Asia. It also published books and policy papers devoted to contemporary population issues.

External links
CICRED page

International organizations based in France
Demography
International scientific organizations
Regintrud

Regintrud, also known as Reginlind and Regentrud, (born 660–665, died 730–740) was probably the wife of Duke Theodbert of Bavaria or of his father Duke Theodo of Bavaria. A possibly identical Regintrud became abbess of Nonnberg Abbey in 720–725. However, details about her ancestry and life are widely disputed among historians.

According to differing views, Regintrud was either a daughter of King Dagobert I, or of Pfalzgraf Hugobert and Irmina of Oeren, or of Childebert III.

Issue 
Assuming she was married with Theudebert of Bavaria, her children from this marriage were:
Hugbert of Bavaria, heir to the duchy
Guntrud, wife of Liutprand

Historians researched inconclusive evidence about further children, such as a daughter named Pilitrud from a previous marriage with an unknown husband. Tassilo II and Swanachild are also suggested as children from her marriage with Theudebert.

References 

660s births
Year of death uncertain
8th-century Frankish nobility
8th-century Frankish women
8th-century Frankish people
7th-century Frankish nobility
7th-century Frankish women
7th-century duchesses consort
8th-century duchesses consort
Motu One (Society Islands)

Motu One, also known as Bellinghausen, is an atoll in the Leeward group of the Society Islands. Motu One is located 550 km northwest from Tahiti and 72 km northeast of Manuae, its closest neighbor.

Motu One's reef encloses totally a lagoon without a pass. All of its sides are covered with low, wooded sandy islands except for its southern side.  means Sand Island in Tahitian, that is a low-lying, sandy islet that cannot sustain permanent human habitation.

History
The name Atoll Bellinghausen or more rarely Bellingshausen was given to this small atoll by Otto von Kotzebue, an officer and navigator of Baltic German descent in the Imperial Russian Navy, in honour of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. It should not be confused with Bellingshausen Island, part of the South Sandwich Islands, in the southwest Atlantic.

The atoll was visited by the US Exploring Expedition in Sept. 1839.

Administration
Motu One Atoll is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Maupiti, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands.

See also
French Polynesia

References

External links
 Atoll list

Atolls of the Society Islands
Dengeki Bunko

is a publishing imprint affiliated with the Japanese publishing company ASCII Media Works (a division of Kadokawa Future Publishing formerly called MediaWorks). It was established in June 1993 with the publication of Hyōryū Densetsu Crystania volume one, and is a light novel imprint aimed at a male audience. The editors in charge of this imprint have a reputation for welcoming new authors, and hold a yearly contest, the Dengeki Novel Prize, to discover new talent. The eighth volume of Kino's Journey, originally published in October 2004, was Dengeki Bunko's 1,000th published novel. As of September 2010, Dengeki Bunko has published over 2,000 light novels; the 2,000th novel was volume one of Yuyuko Takemiya's Golden Time. Several publications from Dengeki Bunko were later adapted into anime series, including  Kino's Journey, Shakugan no Shana, A Certain Magical Index and Sword Art Online among others. After MediaWorks' light novel magazine Dengeki hp was discontinued, a new magazine entitled Dengeki Bunko Magazine succeeded it. In April 2013, the imprint celebrated their 20th anniversary with an exhibition.

Published titles

!–9

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

References

External links

 

 
Book publishing company imprints
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Publishing companies established in 1993
Tommy Berntsen

Tommy Berntsen (born 18 December 1973) is a Norwegian former professional football defender. He played the majority of his career at Lillestrøm S.K. and Lyn in the Norwegian Premier League.

Since 2010, Berntsen is involved with a youth coach role at Lyn.

Club career
Berntsen began his playing career at Vålerenga, but failed to make the first team. He spent the next few years in the lower divisions, playing for local clubs Lørenskog IF and Skjetten SK. His breakthrough came in 1998 when he signed for Lillestrøm, where he and his teammate Torgeir Bjarmann made up one of the best central defences in the Norwegian Tippeligaen (Premier Division).

In January 2001, Berntsen left Norway for Germany and Eintracht Frankfurt. His stay, however, was not a success and he only played three matches for the first team. He returned to Norway for a fresh start in December 2001 and was signed by Lyn, where he played since. He acted briefly as a player-coach of the team in 2003. Together with Steven Lustü he once again formed part of a formidable defense. In the 2005 season, no club conceded fewer goals than Lyn.  Berntsen has struggled with injuries over several periods, but always remained the captain and featured regularly in the Lyn side the last seasons of his career.

International career
Berntsen was capped twice for the Norwegian national team. He last appeared in a friendly against Singapore in 2004.

References

External links
 Profile at lynfotball.net 
 
 

1973 births
Living people
People from Lørenskog
Men's association football defenders
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Kniksen Award winners
Vålerenga Fotball players
Lørenskog IF players
Skjetten SK players
Lillestrøm SK players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Lyn Fotball players
Bundesliga players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in England
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Norwegian football managers
Lyn Fotball managers
Footballers from Viken (county)
Kristnihald undir Jökli

Kristnihald undir Jökli is an album by Quarashi. It was released on 22 September 2001 in Iceland (see 2001 in music). The album contains mostly instrumental music written and produced by Quarashi founding members, Sölvi Blöndal and Hössi Olafsson as the soundtrack for the Halldór Laxness play, Kristnihald undir Jökli, itself based on his 1968 novel of the same title translated into English as Christianity at Glacier and republished since as Under the Glacier. The play was directed by Bergur Þór Ingólfsson, and ran in the Borgarleikhús in the winter of 2001.

Track listing
"Úa" - 2:08
"Smíðavél" - 2:32
"Hulduhrútur" - 1:48
"Beitahúsamenn" - 3:47
"Prímus" - 5:02
"Godman Sýngmann" - 4:04
"Úrsúlulokkur" - 5:22
"Úrsúlugjá" - 2:15
"Umbi" - 5:11
"Prímus (80's)" - 3:09
"Umbi II" - 2:11
"Prímus (Vox)" - 2:31
"Úrsúlugjá (Instrumental)" - 2:13

Quarashi albums
2001 albums
Jefferson Square

Jefferson Square, an office complex in downtown Columbia, South Carolina, is the headquarters of the state's Department of Health and Human Services which oversees the Medicaid program for South Carolinians. Located at 1801 Main St. in the city's historic Arsenal Hill neighborhood, the complex includes a 15-story,  office tower and a two-story courtyard plaza. Also on the Jefferson Square block (bordered by Laurel, Assembly, Richland, and Main) are the offices of Wilson-Kibler real estate, two parking garages, a parking lot, and the Arsenal Hill Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.

More Photos

External links
Arsenal Hill Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Cavanaugh's Deli
South Carolina Department of Health and Human Services

Office buildings in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Columbia, South Carolina
Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX

Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX e. V., or DANTE e. V., is the German-language TeX users group. With about 2000 members, it is the largest TeX users group worldwide.

DANTE was founded on 14 April 1989 in the German city of Heidelberg by a handful of TeX enthusiasts who had met formerly on a non-regular basis.

According to its statutes, DANTE consults TeX users from all German-speaking countries and funds TeX-related projects. It also represents members towards other TeX users groups.

DANTE runs the main CTAN backbone server, .

Conferences with talks, tutorials and general member meetings are held bi-annually on changing locations all over the German-speaking countries. The conferences are free of charge for everyone interested in TeX.

The member journal,  (German for "The TeXnical comedy", a pun on Dante's Divine Comedy referring back to the group's name), is published quarterly.

DANTE's international counterpart is the TeX Users Group (TUG) that was founded in 1980.

External links 
DANTE, Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX e. V. 

TeX
User groups
1989 establishments in West Germany
Organizations established in 1989
Scientific organisations based in Germany
Heidelberg
Seodang

() were private village schools providing elementary education during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea.

Background
They were primarily occupied with providing initial training in the Chinese classics to boys of 7 to 16 years of age, but often served students into their twenties. Not regulated in any fashion,  could be freely opened and closed by anyone who wished to. Widespread during the Goryeo period, these flourished during Joseon times and were the dynasty's most common educational institution. It has been estimated that 16,000 existed at the end of the Joseon period.

The teacher or headmaster of the  was called the . The  were divided into various kinds depending on the 's motivation and relation to the community:
Hunjang jayeong seodang ():  established by the , as a hobby or to make a living.
Yuji dogyeong seodang ():  established by a wealthy member of the community, who hires the .
Yuji johap seodang ():  established by an organization of wealthy locals.
Chonjohap seodang ():  established by an entire village together.

The course of study typically began with the Thousand Character Classic, and proceeded to independent reading of the Three Books and Five Classics. The teaching method emphasized rote learning by reading and memorizing an assigned passage each day; after reading the passage more than 100 times over, students would recite it to the .

Historical change
The nature of the  changed in the course of the Joseon period. While early in the dynasty they were purely private academies, they increasingly became village institutions. New social institutions such as the gye cooperatives, which emerged in the 19th century, often centered on the village , as did the older hyangyak village codes.

In the 20th century, many  were modernized and known as "improved " (), and eventually accredited as primary schools during Colonial Korea. This was part of a dramatic expansion of private education in this period; from 1883 to 1908, some 5,000 private schools were established in Korea. Beginning in 1918, regulations on private education became much more stringent and repressive; the number of  dropped sharply. Many of the  that did survive became low-level technical academies, or ganihakgyo ().

A small number of  operate today in South Korea as private academies providing extracurricular instruction.

See also
Education in the Joseon Dynasty
Korean Confucianism
Joseon Dynasty

Notes

References

External links
Empas entry on the gaeryang seodang
Self-introduction by an operating seodang in Yangpyeong
Korean Seodang Educational Association (in Korean)

Goryeo
Education in the Joseon dynasty
Monroe County Airport (Indiana)

Monroe County Airport  is a county-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) southwest of the central business district of Bloomington, a city in Monroe County, Indiana, United States. Commercial service has been available at different points in the airport's history but as of today and for the future, no scheduled service is available.

Facilities and aircraft 
Monroe County Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 845 feet (258 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 17/35 is 6,500 by 150 feet (1,981 x 46 m) and 6/24 is 3,798 by 100 feet (1,158 x 30 m).

As constructed, the original runway was 5,200 feet (1,585 m) but was later lengthened to 6,500 feet (1,981 m) permitting the operation of Boeing 727 aircraft. In 1995, the aircraft parking ramp was completely replaced  allowing for the handling of larger planes. 13 hangars were added at this time as well. Fixed Base Operator (FBO) services and car rentals are available. There are two FBOs at the airport: Cook Aviation (owned by Cook Group) and BMG Aviation.

Commercial carriers offered scheduled service to and from Monroe County Airport until the late 1990s.  Operations at Monroe County Airport received federal funding under the Essential Air Service program until 1997, when these subsidies were cut due to the airport's proximity to Indianapolis International Airport.  After the loss of these subsidies, it was no longer economically viable for commercial carriers to operate at Monroe County Airport.

Accidents and incidents
On 19 October 1985, Vickers Viscount N923RC of Ray Charles Enterprises was damaged beyond economic repair when it departed the runway on landing.
On 21 April 2006, at about 23:45, a Cessna 206 N120HS was destroyed on impact while on an instrument approach to runway 35. The flight originated from the Purdue University Airport (LAF), near Lafayette, Indiana, about 2245. The pilot and four passengers all sustained fatal injures in the accident. All five people killed in the accident were Indiana University music students. The 2020 documentary "Invisible Sky" is based on this accident.
On 17 December 2021, a Piper PA-32 N5677V crashed 3 miles south of the airport, killing the pilot.

References

External links 
 Aerial photo from Indiana Department of Transportation
 
 
 

Airports in Indiana
Transportation in Monroe County, Indiana
Buildings and structures in Monroe County, Indiana
Alfred Rahlfs

Alfred Rahlfs (; ; 29 May 1865 – 8 April 1935) was a German Biblical scholar. He was a member of the history of religions school. He is known for his edition of the Septuagint published in 1935.

Biography
He was born in Linden near Hanover, and studied Protestant Theology, Philosophy, and Oriental Languages in Halle and Göttingen, where he received a Dr. Phil. in 1887. His professional career developed in Göttingen, where he was Stiftsinspektor (from 1888), Privatdozent (from 1891), Extraordinarius (from 1914), and Professor for Old Testament (from 1919). He retired in 1933 and died in Göttingen.

Influenced by his teacher Paul de Lagarde, Rahlfs's academic interest focused on the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Together with Rudolf Smend and others, Rahlfs was responsible for the creation of the Septuaginta-Unternehmen under Göttingen's and Berlin's Academies of Sciences and Humanities in 1907, which he directed from 1908 until 1933. Its goal has been to reconstruct the original wording of the Septuagint, and since Rahlfs' death it had published twenty volumes.

Rahlfs edited a preliminary but influential edition of the Septuagint, which appeared in two volumes in the year he died, in addition to one critical volume (Psalmi cum Odis) and two slim volumes on the Book of Ruth and Genesis. In 2006, a revision of his Septuaginta, made by Robert Hanhart, was published by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. This editio altera includes over a thousand changes to the text and apparatus. Rahlfs' sigla of Septuagint manuscripts are still cited.

Select bibliography 
Alfred Rahlfs, Septuaginta-Studien, 3 vols., Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1904–11.
Alfred Rahlfs, Verzeichniz der griechischen Handschriften des Alten Testaments, für das Septuaginta-Unternehmen, Göttingen 1914.
Alfred Rahlfs (ed.), Das Buch Rut griechisch als Probe einer kritischen Handausgabe der LXX, Stuttgart: Privileg. Württ. Bibelanstalt, 1922.
Alfred Rahlfs (ed.), Genesis, Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum graecum I, Stuttgart: Privilegierte Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1926.
Alfred Rahlfs (ed.), Psalmi cum Odis, Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum graecum X.1, Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1931.
Alfred Rahlfs (ed.), Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes, 2 vols., Stuttgart: Privileg. Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1935.

Notes

References
 Klaus-Gunther Wesseling, "RAHLFS, Alfred." In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL), Vol 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, , pp. 1267–1269.

1865 births
1935 deaths
Writers from Hanover
20th-century German Protestant theologians
German biblical scholars
Old Testament scholars
German male non-fiction writers
University of Göttingen alumni
John Ritblat

Sir John Henry Ritblat   (born 3 October 1935) is an English property developer. He is honorary president (and formerly chairman and CEO) of The British Land Company PLC, an FTSE100 London-based property company in which George Soros's G Soros Realty Investors acquired a stake in 1993.

Early life
Ritblat was born in 1935 in Hampstead, North London, England. He was educated at Dulwich College, The Hall School, Hampstead and the College of Estate Management.

Career
He acquired British Land from Jim Slater in 1970 for £1m, and retired as chairman in 2006.

Since June 2001, Ritblat has served as the non-executive chairman of property advisory Colliers CRE.

 He also serves as the chairman of the advisory board of Delancey, the property and asset-backed investment firm founded in 1995 by his son Jamie Ritblat (born 1967), which owns the Alpha Plus Group of schools of which Sir John is the chairman of the board of governors.

Political activity
Ritblat has donated to the Conservative Party. In August 2018, Jim Fitzpatrick MP forwarded a letter to the Crown Estate that made unsubstantiated allegations about the 2010 off-market sale of the Royal Mint Court freehold to DV4, a wholly owned subsidiary of Delancey based in the British Virgin Islands and questioning the Crown Estate's relationship with the Ritblat family.

Philanthropy

Ritblat is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Wallace Collection, Chairman of the governing body of the London Business School and an Honorary Fellow, a member of the Council of The Royal Institution, Honorary President of the British Ski and Snowboard Federation, Deputy Chairman and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music, an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and Vice-chairman of International Students House, London.

The John Ritblat gallery of the British Library houses some of the finest items in the library's collection for public display; it is named after him as he was a major benefactor during the building of the gallery and donated £1,000,000 towards the gallery's display cases.

Personal life
Ritblat has been married twice. His second wife, Jill (Zilkha née Slotover), is a philanthropist. He has two sons, Jamie Ritblat (b 1967) and Nick Ritblat, and a daughter, Suki Ritblat.

References

External links
 Alpha Plus on Delancey website

1935 births
Living people
Academics of London Business School
People from Hampstead
People educated at Dulwich College
People associated with the Royal Academy of Music
People associated with the Wallace Collection
Conservative Party (UK) people
Knights Bachelor
British Land people
Alumni of University College of Estate Management
Sympiesometer

A sympiesometer is a compact and lightweight type of barometer that was widely used on ships in the 19th century.  The sensitivity of this barometer was also used to measure altitude.

The sympiesometer consists of two parts. One is a traditional mercury thermometer that is needed to calculate the expansion or contraction of the fluid in the barometer proper. The other is the barometer, consisting of a J-shaped tube open at the lower end and closed at the top, with small reservoirs at both ends of the tube. The lower end of the J and its associated reservoir were filled with colored almond oil, while the upper portion and its reservoir were filled with hydrogen gas. Increasing air pressure would cause the oil to be pushed out of the lower reservoir and into the tube, compressing the hydrogen gas into the upper reservoir. The pressure was indicated by the position of the top of the oil. To correct for temperature, a sliding scale was used; the operator would first use the thermometer to set the scale and then measure the pressure from it.

The basic idea is similar to the common weather glass that had been in use for some time, but the use of highly compressible hydrogen in a long, thin tube allowed much more accurate measurements, as changes in pressure resulted in much more movement of the liquid. The basic concept was initially demonstrated by Robert Hooke, which he referred to as the Otheometer. However it remained unused until it was re-introduced by Alexander Adie.

References

Pressure gauges
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
Scottish inventions
Dixie Chili and Deli

Dixie Chili and Deli, originally Dixie Chili, is a chain of three Cincinnati chili restaurants located in the Northern Kentucky area of Greater Cincinnati. Dixie Chili is famous for their chili, coneys, and sandwiches. Greek immigrant Nicholas Sarakatsannis  founded the first location in 1929 in Newport, Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from the city of Cincinnati. Today the company also has locations in Erlanger and Covington, additionally distributing a canned version of their chili product in supermarkets in the Cincinnati and Kentucky area.

History

Nicholas Sarakatsannis immigrated to the United States from Greece in 1912 at the age of 15 in order to escape hostilities between the Greeks and the Turks.  He landed a series of jobs in restaurants and the food industry, eventually arriving in Cincinnati. In 1928, he began working for Empress Chili, the original Cincinnati-style chili parlor. His first day on the job he made nine gallons of chili.

He soon became convinced he could develop his own recipe and open his own chili parlor. Searching the region on buses between split shifts for a location that would not be in competition with Empress, Sarakatsannis found a location in Newport, Kentucky on Monmouth Street, the city's primary business district. The first Dixie Chili restaurant opened its doors in 1929, the year the Great Depression began in the United States and is still a family-owned company.

See also

 Skyline Chili
 Gold Star Chili
 Camp Washington Chili
 List of delicatessens

References

The History of Dixie Chili
Polly Campbell. Cincinnati Enquirer: Dixie Choices Change Chili Purists' Parlor 18 February 2000

External links
Dixie Chili Official Website

Buildings and structures in Campbell County, Kentucky
Hot dog restaurants in the United States
Regional restaurant chains in the United States
Newport, Kentucky
Restaurants established in 1929
Tourist attractions in Campbell County, Kentucky
Cuisine of Cincinnati
1929 establishments in Kentucky
Delicatessens in the United States
West Overton, Pennsylvania

West Overton is located approximately  southeast of Pittsburgh, in East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is on PA 819 between the towns of Mount Pleasant and Scottdale. Its latitude is 40.117N and its longitude is -79.564W.

It has long been known as the birthplace of Henry Clay Frick, the industrialist and art collector, and the original site of distillery of his great-grandfather Henry Overholt and grandfather Abraham Overholt, the namesake of Old Overholt rye whiskey.

West Overton Village was established in 1800 by German Mennonites from Bucks County, who were led by Henry Overholt. Today it operates as a museum complex and is an example of a 19th-century rural industrial village. It is the only pre-American Civil War village still intact in Pennsylvania.

The museum has undergone a complete renovation and will focus on the Overholt industries of whiskey distillation, grist milling and coal and coke operations.  The museum was scheduled to reopen for tours in August 2012 with the Overholt Homestead to reopen in June 2013.

West Overton Historic District
West Overton Historic District is a national historic district located at East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses 19 contributing buildings in the village of West Overton.  They are a collection of mid-19th century buildings in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It includes the Christian S. Overholt Store and House, Abraham Overholt Homestead (1838), and Overholt Mill (1859).  The springhouse of the Abraham Overholt Homestead is the birthplace of Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

References

External links
West Overton Museums website
Frick Art & Historical Center website
All of the following Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) records are filed under West Overton, Westmoreland County, PA:

Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Greek Revival houses in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Museums in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Ghost towns in Pennsylvania
Open-air museums in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Finlay Park

Finlay Park, at , is the largest and most visited park in downtown Columbia, South Carolina. The park opened in 1991. Initially named Sidney Park, it was renamed after a former Columbia mayor Kirkman Finlay in 1994. In the park there was a scenic waterfall along with cascading mountain type stream falling to the park lake. This waterfall has remained broken for the better half of two years. There are picnic tables, two playground areas and a cafe. The park was a favorite for families, but is now home to the city's largest population of homeless people. Problems with the park have persisted and prompted local charity organizations to begin weekly food services to the people living on the park's benches. Outdoor movies are played on Friday nights during the summer months.

The park is also host to numerous events and festivals, including the Sizzlin' Summer Concert Series. The free outdoor concerts (7 – 10 p.m.) run for 13 weeks beginning May 24 and include blues, beach, classical, contemporary/top 40, country, bluegrass, reggae and more. Admission is free and picnics are welcomed (glass containers, grills, pets and radios are not permitted).

Events
In the fall of 2000, WARQ (then an alternative station) hosted its third annual Fallout concert at Finlay Park. The lineup in 2000 was Everclear, Fuel, Eve 6, SR-71, and rap rock group 2 Skinnee J's. In 2001, WARQ hosted Fallout again with Incubus and Seven Mary Three. In 2002, Fallout had Our Lady Peace and Jimmy Eat World. In 2003, the final Fallout concert had Three Days Grace, Default, and Smile Empty Soul. On April 22, 1996, Finlay Park had a free concert by Columbia's Hootie & the Blowfish (who were at the peak of their fame and promoting Fairweather Johnson, which was released the next day and went to #1). In spring 2012, the park hosted Marshall Tucker Band. In fall '09, it hosted Holypalooza with Christian rock bands The Almost and Sent by Ravens. In fall 2007, it hosted hard rock band Flyleaf. In 1997 it hosted Eddie Money, and in 1995 it hosted Southern rock band 38 Special. In August 2012, Finlay Park was the setting for the 3-day Famously Hot Music Festival, which for the rock bands had Collective Soul, Buckcherry, Filter, Eve 6, and Seven Mary Three.

References

External links
Columbia City Parks
Columbia4Kids: Finlay Park
Map: 

Parks in South Carolina
Geography of Columbia, South Carolina
Protected areas of Richland County, South Carolina
Tourist attractions in Columbia, South Carolina
Hollie Dykes

Hollie Johnston Dykes (born 12 September 1990) is a retired Australian gymnast who was born in Gold Coast, Queensland, and began gymnastics at the age of four and a half. She started training at the Australian Institute of Sport (Canberra) in 1998 and was awarded a full scholarship there in 2000.

Hollie made her major international debut at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. She won gold in the women's floor exercise and as part of the women's team final. She earned a silver in the women's beam and a bronze in the women's all-around, beating Imogen Cairns of England.

Later that year, Dykes competed in the World Championships in Aarhus, Denmark. She helped the Australian team to a respectable sixth-place finish, an improvement on the eight place in the 2004 Olympics. However, a fall from beam in qualification rounds left her unable to progress to the apparatus final, where she was a medal prospect. In the all-around, Dykes was one of only half a dozen gymnasts not to fall, but she still finished out of the medals, in seventh place.

Hollie announced her retirement from gymnastics on 11 January 2008, citing personal reasons.

Her younger brother Lyndon Dykes is a professional footballer who plays for Queens Park Rangers and the Scotland national team.

References

External links
 
 Hollie Dykes at Gymnastics Australia
 

1990 births
Living people
Australian Institute of Sport gymnasts
Australian female artistic gymnasts
Australian people of Scottish descent
Sportspeople from the Gold Coast, Queensland
Gymnasts at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics
21st-century Australian women
21st-century Australian people
Sportswomen from Queensland
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games