alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bartonsville Covered Bridge

The Bartonsville Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge in the village of Bartonsville, in Rockingham, Vermont, United States.  The bridge is a lattice truss style with a 151-foot span, carrying Lower Bartonsville Road over the Williams River.  It was built in 2012, replacing a similar bridge built in 1870 by Sanford Granger.  The 1870 bridge, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was destroyed in 2011 in flooding caused by Hurricane Irene.

History
The bridge was built after the great flood of 1869 that changed the course of the river, replacing another covered bridge about 1/4 mile up the road where the river used to flow.  The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

It was located on Lower Bartonsville Road, a paved road a short distance north from Vermont Route 103. Nearby, to the east, is the Worrall Covered Bridge, also built by Granger.

In the 1960s, a Town of Rockingham gravel truck fell through the bridge cutting off cars from Lower Bartonsville Village from the direct link to Vermont Route 103 until the floor was replaced. In the early 1980s extensive renovations were conducted on the bridge, including replacing the abutment on the north side of the bridge, reinforcing the original stone abutments on the south side of the bridge, and replacing the roof and the weathered siding.

Destruction by Hurricane Irene and replacement
On August 28, 2011, the bridge was destroyed by flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall from Hurricane Irene's landfall on the U.S. East Coast. An effort to
rebuild the structure was supported by town officials, who voted to use the bridge's insurance money to build another covered bridge.

The new bridge was opened on January 26, 2013.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
List of Vermont covered bridges
Old Blenheim Bridge, a covered bridge in upstate New York, also destroyed by Tropical Storm Irene; rebuilt in 2017

References

Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Covered bridges in Windham County, Vermont
Buildings and structures in Rockingham, Vermont
Bridge disasters in the United States
Bridges completed in 1871
Bridges completed in 2012
Wooden bridges in Vermont
Former road bridges in the United States
Transportation disasters in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont
Buildings and structures demolished in 2011
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States
Lattice truss bridges in the United States
1871 establishments in Vermont
Buildings and structures destroyed by flooding
Underactuation

Underactuation is a technical term used in robotics and control theory to describe mechanical systems that cannot be commanded to follow arbitrary trajectories in configuration space.  This condition can occur for a number of reasons, the simplest of which is when the system has a lower number of actuators than degrees of freedom.  In this case, the system is said to be trivially underactuated.

The class of underactuated mechanical systems is very rich and includes such diverse members as automobiles, airplanes, and even animals.

Definition
To understand the mathematical conditions which lead to underactuation, one must examine the dynamics that govern the systems in question.  Newton's laws of motion dictate that the dynamics of mechanical systems are inherently second order.  In general, these dynamics can be described by a second order differential equation:

Where:

 is the position state vector   is the vector of control inputs   is time.

Furthermore, in many cases the dynamics for these systems can be rewritten to be affine in the control inputs:

When expressed in this form, the system is said to be underactuated if:

When this condition is met, there are acceleration directions that can not be produced no matter what the control vector is.

Note that  does not explicitly represent the number of actuators present in the system.  Indeed, there may be more actuators than degrees of freedom and the system may still be underactuated.  Also worth noting is the dependence of  on the state .  That is, there may exist states in which an otherwise fully actuated system becomes underactuated.

Examples

The classic inverted pendulum is an example of a trivially underactuated system: it has two degrees of freedom (one for its support's motion in the horizontal plane, and one for the angular motion of the pendulum), but only one of them (the cart position) is actuated, and the other is only indirectly controlled.  Although naturally extremely unstable, this underactuated system is still controllable.

A standard automobile is underactuated due to the nonholonomic constraints imposed by the wheels.  That is, a car cannot accelerate in a direction perpendicular to the direction the wheels are facing. A similar argument can be made for boats, planes and most other vehicles.

See also
 Passive dynamics

References

Further reading
 M. Saliba, and C.W. de Silva, "An Innovative Robotic Gripper for Grasping and Handling Research," IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, pp. 975–979, 1991.
 N. Dechev, W.L. Cleghorn, and S. Naumann,  “Multiple Finger, Passive Adaptive Grasp Prosthetic Hand,” Journal of Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 1157–1173, 2001.

External links
  Canudas-de-Wit, C. On the concept of virtual constraints as a tool for walking robot control and balancing  Annual Reviews in Control, 28 (2004), pp. 157–166. (Elsevier)
Nonlinear Systems College of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University

Robot control
Control theory
Shed style

Shed Style refers to a style of architecture that makes use of single-sloped roofs (commonly called "shed roofs"). 

The style originated from the designs of architects Charles Willard Moore and Robert Venturi in the 1960s. Their works were influential to the style that would include the Sea Ranch in California (Moore)  and the Vanna Venturi House (Venturi).  Shed style architecture became very popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but most shed style homes stopped being built after the mid to late 1980s, though, today, houses use some characteristics from the shed style houses.

Characteristics

Common stylistic features of shed style include overall asymmetry with strong lines, one- to two-story height, and seamless roof and wall intersection. Shed styles were developed in the early 1970s, however, they quickly died out in the 1980s because of the high maintenance costs they created.

References

See also
 Postmodern architecture

House styles
Noire River (Ottawa River tributary)

The Noire River (also known as the Black River or Rivière Noire in French) is a river in western Quebec, Canada. It runs in a south-eastern direction into the Ottawa River at Waltham, Quebec. It is named after the dark colour of its water (noire is French for "Black").

This river is often grouped together with the Dumoine and Coulonge Rivers as three of a kind. All three are in the same area, have similar characteristics, and are popular with whitewater canoers.

A landmark on the lower Noire River was the Black River Inn. Built during the boom of the log driving era in the early 20th century, the inn was a bustling depot for lumberjacks at that time. Afterwards, it catered to outdoor tourism as an outfitter for hunting, fishing, and canoeing along the Noire River. The Black River Inn burnt down on March 6, 2021.

Geography
The Noire River springs from an unnamed location in wilderness just south of La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve. It flows through Quebec's portion of the Canadian Shield and is marked by sections of rocky whitewater alternated by meandering sections through sand valleys.

Typical trees in this area are Black Spruce, Jack Pine, Eastern White Pine, Red Pine, juniper, alder, and birch. The river is undeveloped except the last , where cottages and even an inn line the river. Just before it flows into the Ottawa River, there is dam with a power generating station on the Noire River.

Paddling the Noire River
The Noire River is not navigable until the confluence with Coughlin Creek, about  from its end. From here, the rapids that can be run are mostly Class 1 or 2 (based on medium water levels). A total of  are runnable whitewater. Notable rapids on the Noire are:
km 114, "The Wall" - technical Class 2.
km 100, "Targie" - Class 3 to 2.
km 51, "50-50" - Class 3.
km 40 to 30 - continuous Class 1 and swifts (except in low water)

One portage of note is the one around Mountain Chute. One has to take either a long route through arduous terrain or a shorter one that begins at the top of the falls and ends in a steep near-vertical descent requiring ropes.

Hydroelectric station and dam
The river has been used for hydroelectric power generation since the beginning of the 20th century and is reputedly the first commercial station in Canada.

A high capacity gravity concrete dam was built in 1937 and modified in 1994. The dam is  high,  long, and has a capacity of . The dam and W.R. Beatty Generating Station are near the mouth of the river at the outlet of Robinson Lake and generate 10.6 MW.

Originally owned by the Pembroke Electric Light Company and then the Pontiac Hydro Commission, it was acquired in 1996 by Brookfield Power.

References

External links

Rivers of Outaouais
Tributaries of the Ottawa River
Cedar Point County Park

Cedar Point County Park is a  park in East Hampton, New York, owned by the government of Suffolk County, New York.  It has commanding views of Gardiners Bay and is famed for its decommissioned lighthouse.

History
Settled in 1651, Cedar Point was once a busy port for shipping farm goods, fish, and timber from Sag Harbor. The historic Cedar Point Lighthouse stood on an island 200 yards from shore when it was built in 1839. Its beacon served to guide whaling ships in and out of Sag Harbor during its hey-day as a major port. The New England Hurricane of 1938 transformed the shoreline, shifting sands to create a narrow, walkable strip that now connects the lighthouse with the mainland.

The 40 foot granite lighthouse which was built in 1868 was decommissioned in 1934 and replaced by an automatic light on a steel skeleton at breakwater.  The lighthouse, built in the Italianate style, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Virtually the entire park including the lighthouse was owned at one time by Phelan Beale, husband of Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale, whose dissolved marriage was the topic of movie, television and Broadway versions of Grey Gardens.  It operated as a hunting club called the Grey Goose Gun Club of Cedar Point. and was acquired by Suffolk County in 1967.  The lodge itself is now the park foreman's residence just north of the park's general store.

During the 1970s a small bush plane crash landed in the waters near the point. A father and son were killed instantly when their plane hit the water. The bodies were brought back to Coecles Harbor, Shelter Island and most of the plane parts were found and also brought back to Coecles.

In 1974 vandals burned the interior of the lighthouse.

The Long Island Chapter of the United States Lighthouse Society is currently working to restore the Cedar Island Lighthouse.  They are seeking $2 million to convert it to a museum and bed and breakfast.  Part of the plan includes restoring the lantern.

References

External links
 Suffolk County Park Site
 Cedar Island Lighthouse
 National Park Service List of New York Lighthouses

County parks in New York (state)
East Hampton (town), New York
Beale family
Parks in Suffolk County, New York
Coulonge River

The Coulonge River (; ) is a predominantly wilderness river in western Quebec, Canada. One of a dozen or so significant tributaries of the Ottawa River, it has a length of  and a drainage area of , and runs in a general south-eastern direction from its headwaters in Lac au Barrage (situated in La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve) to the Ottawa River at Fort-Coulonge. Over that distance, it drops approximately  —  of that over the massive Grandes or Coulonge Chutes, approximately  upstream of the confluence with the Ottawa River.

A popular river for whitewater canoeing enthusiasts, it is often grouped together with the Dumoine and Noire Rivers as three of a kind. The three rivers share the same watershed, and have similar whitewater characteristics.  All three empty into the Ottawa River within a distance of  from one another.

The historic Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge crosses the Coulonge River near Fort-Coulonge. Constructed in 1898, this  long bridge is the longest covered bridge in Quebec.

History
The Coulonge River is named after Nicholas d'Ailleboust de Manthet (1663–1709), Sieur de Coulonge, a French explorer who spent the winter of 1694–95 at the nearby Allumettes Island.

The Coulonge was used as a waterway by native North Americans and, later, by the coureurs des bois plying their independent trade in furs. In 1784, the North West Company built a fort at the mouth of the river, named Fort Coulonge, which passed into the hands of the Hudson's Bay Company when the two companies merged in 1821.

In 1835, Scottish-born lumber baron George Bryson acquired timber rights to thousands of acres of forest in the area, including the  immediately surrounding the Grandes Chutes.  In 1843, Bryson built a sawmill near the mouth of the river, which led to permanent settlement and the formation of the village of Fort-Coulonge. To transport the squared timber safely past the falls and the  gorge below, Bryson built a -long timber slide (a wooden chute flowing with water diverted from the head of the falls), which was replaced by a concrete chute in 1923.

For almost 150 years, the forests around the Coulonge were logged throughout the winter months until spring breakup permitted the massive log drives which, along with similar operations throughout the Ottawa River watershed, fueled the economy of the Ottawa Valley region from the early 19th century through the middle of the 20th.

The last spring log drive in Canada took place on the Coulonge River in 1982.  Since then, the timber from smaller-scale logging operations has been hauled out by trucks over a network of dirt roads which meander throughout the Coulonge River valley.

In 1994, a hydro-electric dam and power station was built at the head of the Grandes Chutes, leaving the Dumoine River as the last major free-flowing tributary of the Ottawa River.

In August 2020, 2 persons drowned in the Coulonge River in separate incidents: the body of a woman was found just north of Fort Coulonge; and a man was swept away by strong rapids while swimming about  upstream.

References

External links

Rivers of Outaouais
Worrall Covered Bridge

The Worrall Covered Bridge, also known as the Woralls Bridge or Worral Bridge is a wooden covered bridge carrying Williams Road across the Williams River in Rockingham, Vermont, United States.  Built about 1870, it is the only surviving 19th-century covered bridge in the town, after the Hall Covered Bridge collapsed in 1980 and was replaced in 1982, and the Bartonsville Covered Bridge was washed away by Hurricane Irene in 2011 and replaced in 2012-2013.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The bridge was damaged by the flooding on July 10, 2023, and its fate has not yet been decided.

Description and history
The Worrall Covered Bridge is located on Williams Road, a dirt road a short distance north of Vermont Route 103, that generally parallels the Williams River on its north side, while VT 103 follows the river on the south side.  The bridge is a Town lattice truss structure, with a total span of  and a total structure length of .  The trusses rest on stone abutments that have been reinforced with concrete, and the road bed ( wide, or one lane) has been reinforced with laminated beams.  It is topped by a gabled metal roof, and is sheathed in vertical board siding, with openings on its south side to improve traffic visibility.  The bridge includes one rare feature — a wooden ramp leading up to the northwest entrance.

The bridge was built in 1870 by Sanford Granger, a local master builder.  Of seventeen 19th-century bridges once located in the town, it is the only one that remains.  At the time of its National Register listing in 1973, there were three such bridges in Rockingham, but the other two have since been destroyed and replaced with new covered bridges (see above).

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
List of covered bridges in Vermont

References

External links
 

Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Buildings and structures in Rockingham, Vermont
Bridges completed in 1870
Wooden bridges in Vermont
Covered bridges in Windham County, Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Lattice truss bridges in the United States
Eucercosaurus

Eucercosaurus (meaning "good-tailed lizard") is the name given to a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. It was an ornithopod discovered in the Cambridge Greensand of England and is known from 19 centra, 3 sacrals, 4 dorsals and 12 caudals, and a neural arch found near Trumpington, Cambridgeshire.  The type species, E. tanyspondylus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879. It is considered a dubious name, and was once considered an ankylosaur. According to a 2020 study, Eucercosaurus and Syngonosaurus were basal iguanodontians.

References

Ornithopods
Albian life
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 1879
Taxa named by Harry Seeley
Nomina dubia
Ornithischian genera
Syria (disambiguation)

Syria is a country in the Middle East, incorporating the northern Levant. 

Syria may also refer to:

Geography and history
Syria (region) refers to a wider historical geographic region. In this sense it can refer to:

In modern Middle East

 Arab Kingdom of Syria, a short-living Hashemite kingdom in 1920, installed after World War I and abolished by the French
 French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, incorporating the:
 State of Syria (1924–30), Mandatory proto-state, a progenitor of Mandatory Syrian Republic
 Syrian Republic (1930–58)
 Syrian Republic (1930–58)
 Syrian Arab Republic, a modern day UN member country
 Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, a self-proclaimed autonomous federation in Northern Syria
 Syrian opposition, a pseudo-state of the Syrian opposition as alternative to Ba'athist Syria
 Tahrir al-Sham Emirate
 Syrian areas occupied by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
 Turkish occupation of northern Syria

Ancient and classic Near East
 Syro-Hittite states, during the Early Iron Age
 Coele-Syria, a province of the Seleucid Empire and the coastal Levantine province of the Roman Empire split from Syria Palaestina in the late 2nd century CE
 Roman Syria, a Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE
 Syria Palaestina, a Roman province between 135 CE and 390 CE
 Byzantine Syria, a sub-region within Byzantine Diocese of the East
 Syria Prima, a province of the Byzantine Empire, transformed from former Roman Syria
 Syria-Coele (Roman province), a province of the Byzantine Empire, transformed from former Roman Syria
 Bilad al-Sham, a province of the early Caliphates, corresponding to former Byzantine Syria
 Ottoman Syria, a geopolitical region of Levantine provinces of the Ottoman Empire
 Damascus Eyalet until 19th century
 Syria Vilayet after the Tanzimat reforms in 19th century

Incorporation of the geographic term Syria outside of the Middle East
 Little Syria, Manhattan, a neighborhood that existed in New York City, United States of America
 Șiria, a commune in Arad County, Romania
 Syria, Indiana, an unincorporated community in the United States
 Syria, Virginia, a town in the United States
 Syria Planum, a plateau in the Tharsis region of Mars

Art, entertainment, and media
 Syria (journal), an academic journal covering Semitic Middle East history
 Siria, a music duo
 Syria TV, national television channel of Syria

Other uses
 Syria (ship), sailing ship launched in 1868
 Syria (singer), the pseudonym of Cecilia Cipressi, an Italian singer-songwriter
 Greater Syria, either an Arab nationalistic term to define large parts of the Middle East or another name for the Syrian region

See also
 Name of Syria
 Syriac (disambiguation)
 Syriac language
 Syrian (disambiguation)
 Shaam (disambiguation)
 Sham (disambiguation)
Maurizio Cocciolone

Maurizio Cocciolone (born 22 September 1960 in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy) is an Italian Air Force officer, who served with UN Coalition forces and was a prisoner of war during the Gulf War.

He was born in L'Aquila, Abruzzo. On the eve of the Operation Desert Storm the Italian government deployed eight Tornado Fighter-bombers on the Gulf Theatre of Operations.

On January 16, 1991, coalition forces began concentrated air strikes on Iraqi military targets in Iraq and Kuwait.

On January 18, 1991, an Italian Tornado, piloted by Major Gianmarco Bellini, with Captain Maurizio Cocciolone as his navigator, took off as part of a multi national 48 planes squadron. Bellini and Cocciolone were the only members of the squadron able to execute in-flight refueling, while the other 47 aircraft failed and had to abort. The mission profile dictated that the operation could be performed even by a single plane, so Bellini and Cocciolone went on.

Their plane was hit by Iraqi anti aircraft fire and they had to eject. They were captured by Iraqi ground troops, even though their status was unknown at the time.

On January 20, 1991, Cocciolone was shown on Iraqi television as part of a propaganda effort by his Iraqi captors. First the voice interviews, followed by the videotapes, were released by CNN. Cocciolone appeared to be speaking under extreme duress, and his face showed signs of physical abuse. No news of Bellini was given initially, and he was feared to be a casualty. The two were kept separate for the whole time of their captivity.

Released by Iraq on March 3, 1991, Bellini and Cocciolone were the only Italian POW's captured during the entire war.

External links
 Cocciolone's entry in the Homecoming project
  Gianmarco Bellini recounts his history

1960 births
Living people
People from L'Aquila
Italian Air Force personnel
Italian aviators
Gulf War prisoners of war
Military personnel of the Gulf War
Italian prisoners of war
Italian torture victims
Shot-down aviators
Prisoners of war held by Iraq
Intertribal Council on Utility Policy

The Intertribal Council on Utility Policy, or Intertribal COUP, is a Native American nonprofit organization founded in 1994. It focuses on energy, telecommunications, and environmental issues affecting member tribes in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Wyoming.

The fifteen tribal nations represented in COUP are:
Cheyenne River
Flandreau Santee
Lower Brulé
Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations
Northern Arapaho
Omaha
Rosebud Sioux
Sisseton
Spirit Lake Tribe
Pine Ridge Sioux
Standing Rock Sioux
Yankton Sioux

Intertribal COUP owns a major stake in a company that markets carbon offsets and renewable energy credits and funds projects such as wind farms on Indian reservations.

See also
Council of Energy Resource Tribes

References 

Non-profit organizations based in South Dakota
Native American organizations
John Marshall High School (Ohio)

John Marshall High School (JMH) is a high school with grade levels including 9th through 12th located on the west side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District.

History
Built in 1932, John Marshall High School is known for numerous academic programs including college preparatory academies and post-secondary enrollment options. The original high school was located on Lorain Ave. west of W. 150th St. (which still stands and has housed different businesses over the years).  The 1932 building was torn down in 2013, then rebuilt and reopened in 2015 as three small schools underneath one roof known as John Marshall Campus.

Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships

 Boys Track and Field - 1991,1992
 Boys Cross Country – 1960,1964
 Boys Wrestling - 1961

Notable alumni
 Franklin Cover, actor known primarily from the sitcom The Jeffersons
 Tom Stincic, former NFL player with the Dallas Cowboys
 Ed Sustersic, former AAFC player with the Cleveland Browns

Notes and references

External links
 John Marshall High School yearbooks and student newspapers - Various dates from 1940s through 1970s (available at Cleveland Public Library) 
 John Marshall School of Civic and Business Leadership
 John Marshall School of Engineering
 John Marshall School of Information Technology

Marshall
John Marshall
Educational institutions established in 1932
Public high schools in Ohio
1932 establishments in Ohio
Cleveland Metropolitan School District
School buildings completed in 1932
Midori, Gunma

is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan.  , the city had an estimated population of 50,266 in 21,028 households, and a population density of 240 persons per km². The total area of the city is .

Geography
Midori is located in eastern Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō Plains. The city is shaped like an inverse triangle, bordered by Tochigi Prefecture to the north, and by the city of Kiryū to the east and west. The Watarase River runs through parts of Midori City.

Surrounding municipalities
Gunma Prefecture
 Kiryū
 Isesaki
 Ōta
 Numata
Tochigi Prefecture
 Sano
 Kanuma
 Nikkō

Climate
Midori has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Midori is 14.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1296 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.7 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Midori has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

History
The city of Midori was established on March 27, 2006, from the merger of the town of Ōmama (from Yamada District), the town of Kasakake (from Nitta District), and the village of Azuma (from Seta District). All three districts were dissolved as a result of this merger.

Government
Midori has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Midori contributes one member to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Gunma 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Midori is noted for its production of tomatoes and eggplants.

Education
Midori has seven public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high schools operated by the Gunma Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped. Kiryu University and its associated junior college are located in Midori.

Elementary schools
Kasakake Elementary School
Kasakake Higashi Elementary School
Kasakake Kita Elementary School
Omama Higashi Elementary School
Omama Minami Elementary School
Omama Kita Elementary School
Azuma Elementary School
Middle schools
Kasakake Middle School
Kasakake Minami Middle School
Omama Middle School
Omama Higashi Middle School
Azuma Middle School
High schools
Omama High School
Universities
Kiryu University

Transportation

Railway
 JR East – Ryōmō Line
  
Watarase Keikoku Railway – Watarase Keikoku Line
  –  – ( – ) –  –  –  –  – 
 Jōmō Electric Railway Company - Jōmō Line
  
 Tōbu Railway – Tōbu Kiryū Line
  – ( – ) –

Highway

Local attractions

Iwajuku, National Historic Site
Tomihiro Art Museum

Noted people
Yui Ogura, voice actress, singer

References

External links

Official Website 

Cities in Gunma Prefecture
Midori, Gunma
Alan Lasee

Alan J. Lasee (born July 30, 1937) is a retired American dairy farmer and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate for 33 years, representing Wisconsin's 1st Senate district, and served as President of the Senate for the 96th and 97th Wisconsin legislatures (2003–2007).

Biography

Lasee was born in the town of Rockland, Brown County, Wisconsin, and attended St. Norbert High School.  He is married and has six children. He is a former dairy farmer and member of many Brown County organizations. He also raises exotic animals including llamas, camels, miniature donkeys, and fainting goats.

Lasee was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1974 and to the Wisconsin Senate in 1977 in a special election (following the death of then-senator Jerome Martin).  He was the Minority caucus chairperson in 1979, 1981 and 1987. He then was President Pro Tempore in 1993 and 1995. He became president of the senate in 2003 and in 2005.

Alan Lasee sat on the committee on Campaign Finance Reform and Ethics, the Committee on State and Federal Relations, and co-chairs both the Joint committee on Employment Relations and the Joint committee on Legislative Organization.  Throughout his legislative career, he tried to bring back the death penalty to Wisconsin, but was ultimately unsuccessful. On January 11, 2010, Senator Lasee announced his retirement from the Wisconsin Legislature. Alan's younger cousin, Frank Lasee, won this open seat in the November 2010 election.

References

External links
 
 
 2nd Senate District, Senator Lasee in the Wisconsin Blue Book (2005–2006)

Presidents of the Wisconsin Senate
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
1937 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
People from Brown County, Wisconsin
John Ellerman

John Ellerman may refer to:
Sir John Ellerman, 1st Baronet (1862–1933), English shipowner and investor
Sir John Ellerman, 2nd Baronet (1909–1973), English shipowner, natural historian and philanthropist
Central Catalan

Central Catalan () is an Eastern Catalan dialect spoken in the whole province of Barcelona, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona and most of the province of Girona, except for its northern part, where a transition to Northern Catalan begins.

This variety (when free of localisms from Barcelona, Tarragona or Girona) is perceived by most Catalans as the standard form in Catalonia. As such, it is the variety used in most written and audiovisual media, as well as in learning materials.

Empordanese Catalan 
In the Empordà region of Catalonia there is a distinctive Empordanese subdialect. As evidenced in writings from the turn of the 19th century by authors such as Joaquim Ruyra, differences between Empordanese and Barcelonese were formerly more pronounced in such areas of usage as the salat definite article (which is still common in Balearic Catalan). In the books of Ruyra there are signs of a clear state of diglossia: the more cultured figures, including the narrator, use the standard Barcelona dialect, whilst the local fishermen employ their own dialect.

Some of the chief differences are:

hai, fai, vai, etc. for haig, faig, vaig ('I have', 'I make',  'I go', etc.)

mon, ton, son, etc. for el meu, el teu, el seu, etc. ('mine', 'yours', 'his', etc.) - these variations are not only restricted to the Empordanese Catalan, but are also in use, albeit not often, in Central Catalan and are generally understood by all Central Catalan speakers.

con and contes for quan/quant and quantes ('when', 'which (m. sing., f. pl.))

An inversion of the weak forms of the personal pronouns: me, te, se instead of em, et, es ('me', 'you', 'him').

The use of a 3rd person subjunctive ending in u instead of i: llamp me matu for llamp em mati ('strike me down', lit. "lightning kill me").

sebre for saber ('to know') with an irregular past participle (sapigut for sabut, 'known').

The Christian colonization of the Balearics was primarily done with settlers from this region and so both dialects share several similarities, most obviously the use of the salat definite article (practically extinct in Empordanese but still common in Balearic varieties).

In addition, some synonyms are more preferred to their Standard Catalan equivalents, for example capir, capieixo, for entendre, entenc ('to understand', 'I understand') and testa for cap ('head') which share a closer similarity to modern Italian (capire, capisco / testa) than Standard Catalan.

Text example
Excerpt from the Parable of the Prodigal Son extracted from the works of 19th-century linguist Manuel Milà i Fontanals, who wrote extensively about Catalan dialectal differences:

Notes

References 
 Upper Empordanese Dictionary

See also
Catalan / Valencian
Algherese
Northern Catalan
Balearic dialect

Catalan dialects
Société des établissements de plein air du Québec

The Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (English: Quebec Outdoor Establishments Company), also known as Sépaq, is the agency of the Government of Quebec that manages parks and wildlife reserves. Sépaq falls under the authority of the Minister of Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs (Sustainable development, Environment and Parks) and its head office is located in Quebec City. It employs about 3400 people.

The total surface area under management by Sépaq as parks or reserves is over . Sépaq is organized into 3 divisions called "networks":
 Parcs Québec - manages 23 provincial parks ("national" parks, as they are called in Quebec) that are officially recognized as protected areas. Parcs Québec works to ensure the protection and preservation of these significant ecosystems, where low-impact activities such as hiking, canoeing and camping are preferred while protecting sensitive zones and keeping environmental impacts to a minimum.
 Réserves fauniques (Wildlife reserves) - manages 15 wildlife reserves in forested and wilderness areas. These areas are dedicated to the conservation, promotion, and use of wildlife resources, and, secondarily, to the practice of outdoor recreational activities. They are not considered protected areas under the criteria of the IUCN.
 Centres touristique (Tourist centres) - manages 9 tourist resorts. This network preserves and promotes certain historical sites and tourism facilities.

Sépaq also manages  of Anticosti Island as a separate division not part of the other networks. Sépaq Anticosti promotes tourism on the island, particularly hunting and fishing tours.

See also
List of protected areas of Quebec - list of national parks and reserves in Quebec, including those under management by Sépaq.

References

External links
Sépaq (Parcs Québec) official site

Parks in Quebec
Quebec government departments and agencies
Land management
Parks services
Ivan Leonidov

Ivan Ilyich Leonidov (; 9 February 1902 – 6 November 1959) was a Soviet constructivist architect, urban planner, painter and teacher.

Early life
Leonidov was raised on an isolated farmstead in the province of Tver Oblast. The son of a farmer and woodsman, he went to work as a casual labourer at the docks in Petrograd. When an icon painter noticed Leonidov's drawing skills, he became his apprentice.

Career
In 1919 Leonidov attended the Svomas free art studios in Tver. From 1921 to 1927 he studied at the VKhUTEMAS in Moscow under the tutelage of Alexander Vesnin at which point his attention switched from painting to architecture.

His unexecuted diploma project in 1927 for the Lenin Institute and Library, Moscow, brought him international recognition. The scheme was prominently displayed at the Exhibition of Contemporary Architecture, Moscow, and was published in the OSA Group journal Sovremennaya arkhitektura. He then went on to teach at the VKhUTEMAS between 1928 and 1930.

From 1931 to 1933 he worked in the Giprogor and Mossovet and from 1934–41 he joined the studio of Moisei Ginzburg at the People's Commissariat for heavy industry.

Leonidov's only materialized design was the 1938 staircase in Kislovodsk.

Selected works

1926 – Design for Izvestia printworks in Moscow (VKhUTEMAS studio with Alexander Vesnin)
1927 – Thesis (diploma) Lenin Institute and Library in Moscow (unexecuted)
1928 – Competition entry for the building of the Centrosojuz in Moscow
1928 – Club of the New Social Type. Variant B
1929 – Design for the Columbus monument in Santo Domingo
1929–-1930 – Competition entry for the House of Industry in Moscow
1930 – Competition entry for the culture palace of the proletarian district in Moscow
1930 – Competition entry for the socialist city Magnitogorsk (director/conductor of a group of students of the VChUTEIN)
1934 – Competition entry for the Narkomtiazhprom building (The People's Commissariat for heavy industry in Moscow), Red Square, Moscow.
1937–-1938 – Outside staircase in the Ordzonikidze sanatorium in Kislovodsk
1937–-1941 – Pioneer palace in Kalinin (Tver)
1950s – Sketch drafts for the "sun city" and the seat of the United Nations

See also
OSA Group

References

Sources

External links

Artnet

Russian Utopia

1902 births
1959 deaths
People from Staritsky District
People from Staritsky Uyezd
Russian avant-garde
Soviet architects
Soviet painters
Constructivist architects
Modernist architects
20th-century Russian architects
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Vkhutemas alumni
Academic staff of Vkhutemas
Modernist architecture in Russia
20th-century Russian male artists
Grant Page

Grant Page (born 1939) is an Australian stuntman who worked mostly during the seventies and eighties. Page was the stunt coordinator for the popular Australian action movies The Man from Hong Kong (1975) and Mad Max (1979), as well as other Australian and overseas films including the cult horror flick Death Ship (1980). He starred in the 1970s Australian TV series Danger Freaks, which, while ostensibly a documentary of his professional work with various stunt performers, emphasized the spectacular visual results from these collaborations.  Grant featured in a cameo appearance in the Blur music video M.O.R.

One of the things Grant Page is best remembered for is a failed stunt attempt on The Don Lane Show during 1977 in which he attempted to jump over a moving car. He eventually tried the stunt again, this time successfully, on the same show in 1983.

Page played the killer in Roadgames (1981), which is the favorite Australian film of Quentin Tarantino.

Page starred, along with the band Sorcery, in the 1978 movie Stunt Rock, which combined a fictional plotline about a female journalist who is intrigued by stuntman Page with stunts by Page and musical performances by Sorcery, a hard rock band who incorporated magic into their act.

Further reading

External links 
 
Interview with George Negus

Australian stunt performers
1939 births
Living people
Tour First

Tour First (previously known as Tour UAP between 1974 and 1998, and as Tour Axa between 1998 and 2007) is an office skyscraper in Courbevoie, in La Défense, the business district of the Paris metropolitan area.

The tower was built in 1974 by Bouygues for the UAP insurance company. The building was  at that time. Its ground shape was in the form of a three-pointed star whose branches were separated each by a 120° angle. This particular shape was chosen to symbolize the merger of the three French insurance companies that were at the origin of UAP. The tower was renamed Tour Axa when UAP was bought by the Axa insurance company in 1996.

Large-scale renovation of the tower began in 2007 and was completed in 2011. The exterior appearance of the building was completely changed, with extra height added to the tower. The renovated tower, now known as Tour First, is  at roof height, and  including its spire, with a total floor space of . It is currently the tallest skyscraper in France, only surpassed in height by the Eiffel Tower.

Another Axa tower exists in New York City, US, which is 228.6 m (751 ft) tall; Tour AXA in Montreal, Quebec, Canada was completed in 1974 and is .

See also 
 La Défense
 List of tallest buildings and structures in the Paris region
 List of tallest buildings in France

References

External links 
 Tour First (Insecula)

Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
Office buildings completed in 1974
Kohn Pedersen Fox buildings
Office buildings completed in 2011
21st-century architecture in France
Ingeborg Sørensen

Ingeborg Sørensen (born 16 May 1948) is a Norwegian model. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its March 1975 issue.

Sørensen was born in Drammen, Norway. She was Miss Norway in 1972, and finished in second place in the Miss World 1972 competition (which was won by Australian Belinda Green).

Filmography

References

External links
 
 

1948 births
Living people
1970s Playboy Playmates
Miss World 1972 delegates
2006 World Men's Curling Championship

The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1–9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.

Teams

*** Finnish skip Markku Uusipaavalniemi missed the first three games with a wrist injury; Kiiskinen skipped in his place. Markku returned April 3; threw second rocks in the early draw and third stones in the remainder of the competition.

Round-robin standings
Scoring for the tournament was done by CurlingZone.com. They calculated the player percentages differently than normal. They used a five-point system with a multiplier for degree of difficulty in shots.

Round-robin results

Draw 1
April 1, 09:00

Draw 2
April 1, 16:00

Draw 3
April 2, 09:00

Draw 4
April 2, 14:00

Draw 5
April 2, 19:00

Draw 6
April 3, 09:00

Draw 7
April 3, 14:00

Draw 8
April 3, 19:00

Draw 9
April 4, 09:00

Draw 10
April 4, 14:00

Draw 11
April 4, 19:00

Draw 12
April 5, 09:00

Draw 13
April 5, 14:00

Draw 14
April 5, 19:00

Draw 15
April 6, 09:00

Draw 16
April 6, 14:00

Draw 17
April 7, 19:00

Playoffs

Brackets

1 vs. 2 game
April 7, 14:00

3 vs. 4 game
April 7, 19:00

Semi-final
April 8, 13:00

Final
April 9, 12:30

Round robin player percentages

References
General
 
Specific

World Men's Championship
World Men's Curling Championship
International curling competitions hosted by the United States
World Men's Curling Championship
World Men's Curling Championship
Curling in Massachusetts
World Men's Curling Championship
International sports competitions hosted by the United States
Sports competitions in Lowell, Massachusetts
Sodom (album)

Sodom is the eleventh album by German thrash metal band Sodom, released on 21 April 2006. The first pressing was in a slipcase and includes a full-colour poster of the artwork. "The album is self-titled," Tom Angelripper explains, "because every band needs a self-titled album."

Track listing

Personnel
Tom Angelripper – vocals, bass guitar
 Bernd "Bernemann" Kost – guitars
Bobby Schottkowski – drums

Charts

References

Sodom (band) albums
2006 albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums
Honda CB1100F

The Honda CB1100F is a standard motorcycle that was made only in 1983 by Honda, based on their line of DOHC air-cooled inline four engines. Honda introduced the similar CB1100 in 2010.

History 
In 1979 Honda produced a double overhead cam (DOHC) 750 cc engine developing 72 bhp @ 9000 rpm which was used in the CB750F model in the USA from 1979 to 1982. The same year Honda also released the CB900F using a race-bred 901 cc DOHC engine that was a step above the CB750 with its longer stroke and hotter cams squeezing out 95 bhp @ 8500 rpm (actual rear-wheel horsepower exceeded 80 horsepower as measured on a dynamometer).  The CB900F was only offered in the USA from 1980 to 1982.

In 1983 Honda released the CB1100F, based on the CB900F and the CB1100R. Besides a distinctive-to-the-1100f paint scheme, it used hotter cams, larger pistons, better carburetion in the form of four Keihin 34 mm CV, and a redesigned combustion chamber. The CB1100F produced 108 bhp @ 8500 rpm. It also had increased rake and the dash featured a 150 mph or 240 km/h speedometer and adjustable two-piece handlebars. The tubeless-tire wheels were new also, 18-inch x 2.50-inch front and 17-inch x 3-inch rear. Performance was pace setting. Cycle World tests at 11.13 seconds/120.48 mph quarter mile and 141 mph half mile earned it the designation of "fastest stock bike ever tested".

The CB1100F was available in different markets, such as USA, Canada, Europe, and Australia from 1982 through 1984. In the USA, a quarter-fairing for wind deflection (and looks), and cast single piece wheels were offered. The other markets had not the fairing, and the wheels were gold "boomerang" Comstars, similar to the ones on the Honda CB1100R, and the control cables were routed above, rather than below, the handlebars. The riding position was more sporty than the US model, with rearset footpegs and controls as well as lower two-piece clip-on handlebars. These different parts were originally offered through US dealers as a complete sport, or "continental" kit, and now command a price premium in the US as owners seek to upgrade their machines.

2010 CB1100 

In 2007, Honda showed two new concepts: the CB1100R and the CB1100F. Both were highly reminiscent of the original CB1100F/R, even sporting dual rear shocks with remote fluid reservoirs. Honda showed a revised concept at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show called the CB1100. It was shown in two variants. One being more standard while the other more 'cafe-racer' style (black exhaust, black fender, bikini fairing, tapered rear seat).

In 2013, Honda began selling the air-cooled CB1100 in the US.

References 

CB1100F
Standard motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1983
Lierskogen

Lierskogen is the easternmost village of Lier  municipality  in Viken county, Norway. Lierskogen makes up the eastern part of Lier together with the nearby village of Tranby. It borders Asker to the east and Drammen to the west.

One of the busiest highways in Norway, European route E18 runs straight through the agricultural landscape of Lierskogen.

Summary
Traditionally Lierskogen has been a place dependent on farming, but after World War II many new families have moved in. There are still dairy farms in the area; however non-agriculture work is scarce. Most resident have mostly been working in nearby places like Bærum, Asker, Dikemark, Drammen and Oslo.

The old village centre was situated near Lierskogen Church (Lierskogen kirke). The church dates from 1937. The edifice is masonry and seats 150.  Around it was the several businesses: Gravdal bakery, Heia children school (for children aged 7–12), a post-office and a petrol station. In 1985 Lierskogen had a population of only 800 people. But it was around this time a great building boom began.

During the second half of the 1980s two major projects were built from scratch:  Liertoppen, a shopping centre and  pharmaceutical company  Norsk Medisinaldepot. In 1987 Liertoppen was opened with two separate buildings and a large car park. An underground car park was also built under one of the buildings. In 1989 the two buildings were connected together with a bridge and then formed Norway's longest indoor shopping lane. In the 1990s the major building project was of several dozens new houses right behind Heia children school in the old village centre.

Even though this settlement and several smaller ones have tripled the population to 2,300 people, the commercial centre of Lierskogen has moved 1.5 km away, up to the Liertoppen shopping centre. Due to the close distance to other growing places like Drammen, Bærum, Asker and Oslo, Lierskogen has continued to grow.

References

External links
Liertoppen website

Villages in Buskerud