alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Rather Death Than False of Faith

Rather Death Than False Of Faith (Metalother Records 1988) is the debut album from UK thrash metal group Hydra Vein.

Overview
Released to positive critical reviews in the metal press, Rather Death Than False Of Faith saw Hydra Vein hailed as the UK's answer to Slayer. The title is a quote from Anne Askew's motto, as it appears in at least one of her portraits.

Track listing
All songs written by Damon Maddison, unless stated
 "Rabid" – 4:28
 "Crucifier" – 4:45
 "The House" – 3:33
 "Right To Die" (Maddison, Danny Ranger) – 7:07
 "Rather Death Than False Of Faith" – 4:39
 "Misanthropic" – 3:12
 "Harlequin" – 7:10
 "Guillotine" – 3:25
 Tracks 2 and 5 also appear on CMFT's UK Thrash Assault compilation (1989)

Credits
 Mike Keen – vocals 
 Danny Ranger – guitars
 Stephen Davis – guitars
 Damon Maddison – bass
 Nathan Maddison – drums
 Recorded and mixed February 27 – March 8, 1988 at Blue Box Studios, Hove, England
 Produced and engineered by Mark Waterman and Charlie McLean

References

External links
Hydra Vein official website

1988 debut albums
Robert A. Hastey

Robert A. Hastey (1847 – September 8, 1930) was mayor of Ottawa in 1906. 
He was born in Bytown in 1847. He worked in the stagecoach business for a number of years. Hastey served on city council as an alderman for twelve years and served as mayor for about a month after mayor James A. Ellis resigned to take a job with the city.

He died in Ottawa in 1930 and was buried in the Beechwood Cemetery.

Hastey Street in the Sandy Hill area of the city was named after him.

References 

Chain of Office: Biographical Sketches of the Early Mayors of Ottawa (1847-1948), Dave Mullington ()

1847 births
1930 deaths
Mayors of Ottawa
Ottawa controllers
C class

C class may refer to:

Ships
 C-class destroyer (disambiguation), multiple destroyers
 C-class submarine (disambiguation), multiple submarines
 C-class corvette (disambiguation), ships of the Victorian Royal Navy
 C-class cruiser, Royal Navy light cruisers built just before the First World War
 C-class ferry, Canadian ships
 C-class lifeboat, British lifeboats
 International C-class catamaran, sailing catamaran

Rail vehicles

Australia
 C-class Melbourne tram
 Sydney C-Class Tram
 Commonwealth Railways C class, 4-6-0 passenger locomotives
 MRWA C class, 4-6-2 steam locomotives
 Victorian Railways C class, 2-8-0 steam locomotives
 Victorian Railways C class (diesel), diesel locomotives
 WAGR C class, axle load steam locomotives 
 WAGR C class (1880), steam locomotives 
 WAGR C class (diesel), diesel locomotives

Ireland
 CIE 201 Class, locomotives

New Zealand
 NZR C class (1873), tank locomotives
 NZR C class (1930), steam locomotives

United Kingdom
 LB&SCR C class, 0-6-0 freight steam locomotives
 LCDR C class, 2-4-0 steam locomotives 
 LNWR Class C, 0-8-0 steam locomotives
 NBR C Class, 0-6-0 steam locomotive
 Metropolitan Railway C Class, 0-4-4T tank locomotives
 SECR C class, 0-6-0 locomotives

Other uses
 C-class blimp, United States Navy blimp
 Mercedes-Benz C-Class, mid size passenger vehicle
 c-Class, a type of HP BladeSystem server computer
 C-segment, a European vehicle size class

See also
 Class C (disambiguation)
 C (disambiguation)
 Class (disambiguation)
 C series (disambiguation)
Corona theorem

In mathematics, the corona theorem is a result about the spectrum of the bounded holomorphic functions on the open unit disc,  conjectured by  and proved by  .

The commutative Banach algebra and Hardy space H∞ consists of the bounded holomorphic functions on the open unit disc D. Its spectrum S (the closed maximal ideals) contains D as an open subspace because for each z in D there is a  maximal ideal consisting of functions f with

f(z) = 0.

The subspace D cannot make up the entire spectrum S, essentially because the spectrum is a compact space and D is not. The complement of the closure of D in S was called the corona by , and the corona theorem states that the corona is empty, or in other words the open unit disc D is dense in the spectrum. A more elementary formulation is that elements f1,...,fn generate the unit ideal of H∞ if and only if there is some δ>0 such that 
 everywhere in the unit ball.

Newman showed that the corona theorem can be reduced to an interpolation problem, which was then proved by Carleson.

In 1979 Thomas Wolff gave a simplified (but unpublished) proof of the corona theorem, described in  and .

Cole later showed that this result cannot be extended to all open Riemann surfaces .

As a by-product, of Carleson's work, the Carleson measure was invented which itself is a very useful tool in modern function theory.  It remains an open question whether there are versions of the corona theorem for every planar domain or for higher-dimensional domains.

Note that if one assumes the continuity up to the boundary in the corona theorem, then the conclusion follows easily from the theory of commutative Banach algebra .

See also
Corona set

References 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 .
 .

Banach algebras
Hardy spaces
Theorems in complex analysis
Jean Fréour

Jean Fréour (8 August 1919 – 11 June 2010) was a prominent Breton sculptor.

Fréour was born in Nantes. He studied at the Bordeaux School of the Fine arts and attended the classes of Louis-Henry Bouchard in the national School of the Fine arts in Paris. He is a member of the Breton artistic movement Seiz Breur.

In the mid-1950s he settled in the Breton south coast town of Batz-sur-Mer. For a period of a year, he was mayor of the town.

In his work, Fréour uses different materials, including the schist, marble, onyx, and wood. His sculptures often carry a stamp of Breton identity impregnated with Catholicism.

He is the author of the statue of Anne of Brittany (made of bronze and erected in the city of Nantes in 2002).

The works of Jean Fréour gives details of Fréours work.

External links 
 Bronze statue  Anne de Bretagne by Jean Fréour
 Monument by Fréour to First World War soldiers at the Saint-Charles de Potyze Cemetery

1919 births
20th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
21st-century French sculptors
21st-century French male artists
Breton artists
Artists from Nantes
2010 deaths
Edward H. Hinchey

Edward H. Hinchey (March 7, 1872 – July 14, 1936) was mayor of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1912.

Hinchey worked in the weights and measures department of the federal government. He was first elected to city council in 1909. He replaced Charles Hopewell as mayor for a short period between June 21 and July 2 in 1912.

He died in Ottawa in 1936 when he was hit by a motorist while returning home. He was buried in Beechwood Cemetery.

References 

Chain of Office: Biographical Sketches of the Early Mayors of Ottawa (1847-1948), Dave Mullington ()

1872 births
1936 deaths
Mayors of Ottawa
Pedestrian road incident deaths
Road incident deaths in Canada
Accidental deaths in Ontario
William O. Wallace

William O. Wallace (August 9, 1906–November 4, 1968)  was an American set decorator who worked throughout the 1940s and 1950s in multiple Hollywood productions. He was Oscar-nominated in 1948 for Jean Negulesco’s Johnny Belinda, and also worked on Young Man with a Horn (1950), Battle Cry (1955) and Nicholas Ray’s seminal Rebel Without a Cause in 1956. He moved into television in the late 1950s, and was chief set decorator on Maverick.

References

External links

1906 births
1968 deaths
American set decorators
Stephanus

Stephanus is a masculine given name, a surname and a genus. It may refer to:

Sole name
 Stephanus I of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch 342–344
 Stephanus of Byzantium, 6th century author of an important geographical dictionary
 Stephanus of Alexandria, 7th-century Byzantine philosopher, astronomer and teacher
 Stephanus (insect), a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Stephanidae

Various members of the Estienne family of Parisian printers and scholars
 Henri Estienne (elder) (1470-1520), Parisian printer also known as Henricus Stephanus, father of Charles and Robert Estienne
 Robert Estienne (1503-1559), known as Robertus Stephanus in Latin, French printer and classical scholar in Paris
 Charles Estienne (1504–1564), Carolus Stephanus in Latin, an early exponent of the science of anatomy in France, brother of Robert Estienne
 Henri Estienne (1528 or 1531–1598), Henricus Stephanus in Latin, French printer and classical scholar, son of Robert Estienne

Given name
 Stephanus Ackermann (born 1985), Namibian cricketer
 Étienne Baluze (1630–1718), French scholar also known as Stephanus Baluzius
 Stoof Bezuidenhout (born 1986), South African rugby union player
 Stephanus Biermann (1918-2003), South African rear admiral
 Stef Blok (born 1964), Dutch politician
 Stephanus Brodericus (c. 1480–1539), Croatian–Hungarian bishop, diplomat and humanist writer
 Stephan Coetzee (born 1992, South African rugby union player
 Stephanus Jacobus du Toit (1847–1911), controversial South African nationalist, theologian, journalist and failed politician
 Stephanus Grobler (born 1982), South African former cricketer 
 Stephanus Paul Kruger (1825-1904), South African political and military figure, President of the South African Republic
 Stephanus Lombaard, South African athlete who competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics
 Stephanus Le Roux Marais 1896-1979), South African composer
 Stephan Myburgh (born 1984), Dutch cricketer
 Fanie du Plessis (1930-2001), South African discus thrower and shot putter
 Stephanus Schoeman (1810–1890), State President of the South African Republic (1860-1862)
 Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1643–1700), first native-born mayor of New York City
 Stephanus Versluys (1694-1736), 21st Governor of Dutch Ceylon

Surname
 Willy Stephanus (born 1991), Namibian international footballer

See also
 Stephanus pagination of Plato and Plutarch
 Stephen
 Stefanus (disambiguation)

Masculine given names
Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland

The Office of the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland (OPONI; , Ulster-Scots: Owersman fur tha Polis o Norlin Airlann) is a non-departmental public body intended to provide an independent, impartial police complaints system for the people and police under the Police (Northern Ireland) Acts of 1998 and 2000.

Office Structure and Legal Remit
The law in Northern Ireland does not permit the police to investigate complaints made by members of the public about the conduct of police officers. These must be referred instead to the Police Ombudsman’s Office for independent investigation.

The Office has a complement of around 150, about two thirds of whom are employed within the Office’s investigative teams.

There are two main strands to the investigative work of the Office – current and historical. Its current work involves dealing with complaints about the conduct of police officers during incidents which have occurred in the previous 12 months.

Legislation also permits the Police Ombudsman's Office to investigate matters involving police officers which he considers to be grave or exceptional, no matter when they took place. These are cases in which police officers may have been responsible for deaths or serious criminality. Complaints being dealt with by the Office include those alleging police involvement in murder, attempted murder, as well as conspiracy and incitement to murder. Most of these historical cases relate to incidents during the conflict in Northern Ireland between 1968 and 1998 (commonly referred to as “The Troubles”).

Since opening on 6 November 2000, the Office has dealt with between 2,800 and 3,600 complaints each year.

Personnel
The Police Ombudsman is Marie Anderson, who was appointed in July 2019, having previously served as Northern Ireland Ombudsman (2016-2019). Mrs Anderson's predecessor was Michael Maguire, who previously served as Chief Inspector, Criminal Justice Inspectorate Northern Ireland (2008–12). Prior to that, Al Hutchinson, who had previously been Police Oversight Commissioner, took up office on 6 November 2007, and retired in January 2011 following a series of critical independent reports.

The first Ombudsman for Northern Ireland was Nuala O'Loan, whose seven-year term in office ended in November 2007. She has since been appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire and was subsequently appointed to the House of Lords.

List of Police Ombudsmen

 1999 to 2007: Nuala O'Loan
 2007 to 2011: Al Hutchinson
 2012 to 2019: Michael Maguire
 2019 to present: Marie Anderson

See also
List of Government departments and agencies in Northern Ireland
Police Service of Northern Ireland

References

External links

Society of Northern Ireland
Law enforcement in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Ombudsmen in Northern Ireland
Ombudsmen in the United Kingdom
Northern Ireland Office
Non-departmental public bodies of the Northern Ireland Executive
Northern Ireland peace process
Walter Bowman (soccer)

Walter Wells Bowman (born August 11, 1870) was a Canadian soccer player who played as an outside right. He was the first non-British player to play in the Football League.

References

External links
 / Canada Soccer Hall of Fame

1870 births
1948 deaths

Canadian expatriate men's soccer players
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian men's soccer players
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Waterloo, Ontario
Soccer people from Ontario
English Football League players
Men's association football outside forwards
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in England
Canadian people of Swiss descent
Mikhail Lavrov

Mikhail Andrianovich Lavrov () (1799–1882) was a Russian rear-admiral and Arctic explorer.

Mikhail Lavrov was born on 13 September 1799 in the city of Arkhangelsk. He graduated from Cadets Corps in Saint Petersburg and served at the Baltic Fleet. He participated in the voyage of the cargo ship Mezen from Kronstadt to Arkhangelsk and back in 1819–1820. In 1821–1824, in the rank of senior officer, he participated in the expedition of Fyodor Litke on board of the brig Novaya Zemlya, making description of coast line of Murmansk and Novaya Zemlya archipelago. In 1825–1827, he made a round-the-world voyage on board sloop Krotkiy with Admiral Ferdinand Wrangel, visiting Kamchatka and Russian America. In 1831–1834, Lavrov served in the rank of lieutenant commander in the Mediterranean and Adriatic, participated in a battle against pirate ships, sinking four of them, and was therefore promoted to the rank of commander. In 1833, he was awarded with an Order of St. George of the 4th degree for immaculate service in the officer rank in 18 six-month campaigns.

In 1846, during exercises in the Baltic Sea on board battleship Gangut, Captain Lavrov refused to obey an admiral's order and was to reduced to the rank of sailor by Tsar Nicholas I. In 1850 he was given back his captain's rank and resigned. Alexander II of Russia gave Mikhail Lavrov the opportunity to serve again in the Russian Navy in 1855, and he was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral for the feat of arms.

In 1857–1864, Mikhail Lavrov was governor of the city of Taganrog, where he initiated opening the steamboat line Taganrog–Constantinople.

In 1872, Lavrov was promoted to the admiral's rank and served at the reserve fleet.

A cape to the south of Melkiy Bay in the Arctic, an island the Vladivostok Bay and another island off the NE shores of Bolshevik Island in Severnaya Zemlya were named after Admiral Lavrov.

External links and references
 Русский биографический словарь: В 25 т. / под наблюдением А. А. Половцова. 1896–1918.
 «Энциклопедия Таганрога». — Ростов-на-Дону: Ростиздат, 2003.  — 
 Историко-литературный альманах "Вехи Таганрога", Сентябрь 2008 г., Таганрог

Imperial Russian Navy admirals
Explorers from the Russian Empire
Russian polar explorers
Explorers of the Arctic
Russian explorers of North America
Russian military personnel of the Crimean War
Governors of Taganrog
1799 births
1882 deaths
Novaya Zemlya
Naval Cadet Corps alumni
Helm Crag

Helm Crag is a fell in the English Lake District situated in the Central Fells to the north of Grasmere. Despite its low height it sits prominently at the end of a ridge,  easily seen from the village. This, combined with the distinctive summit rocks which provide the alternative name 'The Lion and the Lamb', makes it one of the most recognised hills in the  District.

Alfred Wainwright wrote of Helm Crag that "The virtues of Helm Crag have not been lauded enough. It gives an exhilarating little climb, a brief essay in real mountaineering, and, in a region where all is beautiful, it makes a notable contribution to the natural charms and attractions of Grasmere."

Topography

A rocky ridge curves east and then south east from Calf Crag, passing over Gibson Knott and the depression of Bracken Hause, before ending at Helm Crag where it falls steeply on all sides. To the north and east of the ridge is the Greenburn valley, which joins the Rothay at Helm Side. To the west and south is Easedale Beck, which is also a feeder of the Rothay, the watersmeet being just north of Grasmere village. Helm Crag is generally rough, with particular features being High and Low Raven Crags on the eastern side and White Crag on the southern extremity.

Geology
The geology of the fell is complex, but the summit is in an area of outcropping andesite sill.

Summit

The summit is unusual, having two short parallel ridges running north west to south east with a hollow in between, the western ridge being the higher. Some distance below the eastern ridge the scene is repeated as, still keeping parallel, a third ridge, ditch and parapet are crossed before the crags are reached. The whole complex initially appears man-made, but is entirely natural. The summit commands views of the Langdale Pikes, Coniston Fells and Eastern Fells.

The Lion and the Lamb
At either end of the highest ridge are the rock outcrops that ensure Helm Crag's fame. Only one can be seen from any point in the surrounding valleys, and they have a variety of names depending upon the profile seen from the particular vantage point. The northwestern outcrop is the true summit of the fell, a tricky little scramble being needed to stand on the top. It is variously called "The old lady playing the organ" when seen from Mill Gill, "The howitzer" from the summit of Dunmail Raise and "The lion and the lamb" or "The lion couchant" from a point in between. The southern outcrop is prominent from Grasmere and this is the traditional "Lion and the lamb".

Ascents
Helm Crag is normally ascended from Grasmere, though can also be approached from either valley via Bracken Hause, or along the ridge from Gibson Knott.

References

 Lake District Walks - Helm Crag, Lion and the Lamb Walk

Fells of the Lake District
Gary Briggs (footballer)

Gary Briggs (born 21 June 1959) is an English retired professional footballer. He made over 500 league appearances in an eighteen-year playing career, during which he became known as a no-nonsense, tough-tackling defender, hence his "Rambo" nickname.

Career
In the 1977–78 season, at the age of eighteen, Briggs signed for Middlesbrough but didn't make any first-team appearances for the club. Later that season, he moved to Oxford United. The fee was settled at the Football League's first-ever transfer tribunal. Briggs spent eleven years at the Manor Ground, where he received the nickname "Rambo" and became a cult hero, winning the club's "Player of the Year" accolade three times. He formed a successful central-defensive partnership with club captain Malcolm Shotton as United won three trophies between 1984 and 1986: the Division Three championship in 1983–84, the Division Two championship the following season, and the League Cup in 1986.

In May 1989, after 418 league games and 18 league goals for Oxford, Briggs moved back north to Blackpool, where he saw out the rest of his career. "Blackpool looked a club going places – and I want to go with them," he said at the time. In the 1991–92 season he made 26 appearances in a start-stop season, and was voted the club's Player of the Month for September, October and November 1991. The 1993–94 campaign ended in nail-biting fashion: a final-day 4–1 victory over Leyton Orient at Bloomfield Road meant the Seasiders avoided relegation by one point.

In 2002, Briggs played for Bispham Juniors, whom he later managed.

In March 2005, Briggs unveiled Executive Box 28 at Oxford United's Kassam Stadium in his name.

References

Sources

Briggs' profile at soccerbase.com
Oxford Dream Team
● Playfair football annuals 1978-79 to 1995-96

1959 births
Living people
Footballers from Leeds
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Chorley F.C. players
English Football League players
Algebraic manifold

__notoc__
In mathematics, an algebraic manifold is an algebraic variety which is also a manifold. As such, algebraic manifolds are a generalisation of the concept of smooth curves and surfaces defined by polynomials. An example is the sphere, which can be defined as the zero set of the polynomial  and hence is an algebraic variety. 

For an algebraic manifold, the ground field will be the real numbers or complex numbers; in the case of the real numbers, the manifold of real points is sometimes called a Nash manifold.

Every sufficiently small local patch of an algebraic manifold is isomorphic to km where k is the ground field. Equivalently the variety is smooth (free from singular points). The Riemann sphere is one example of a complex algebraic manifold, since it is the complex projective line.

Examples
Elliptic curves
Grassmannian

See also
Algebraic geometry and analytic geometry

References
  (See also Proc. Internat. Congr. Math., 1950, (AMS, 1952), pp. 516–517.)

External links
K-Algebraic manifold at PlanetMath
Algebraic manifold at Mathworld
Lecture notes on algebraic manifolds
Lecture notes on algebraic manifolds
Algebraic varieties
Manifolds
John Heaton-Armstrong

Sir John Dunamace Heaton-Armstrong  (21 February 1888 – 27 August 1967) was a long-serving English officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.

Early life and education
Heaton-Armstrong was born at Salisbury House, Edmonton, the son of the Austrian-born politician and businessman William Heaton-Armstrong and his wife, Baroness Bertha Adalberta Maximiliana Zois-Edelstein, who came from an ennobled Habsburg family. She was the granddaughter of Karl von Zois, whose brother was Sigmund Zois. Heaton-Armstrong was educated at Eton College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

Military service
During the First World War, Heaton-Armstrong was commissioned into the Cavalry Branch of the Reserve of Officers of the British Indian Army as a second lieutenant, and was later promoted to lieutenant. 

His first heraldic appointment at the College came on 6 April 1922, when he was made Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary. On 14 October 1926, Heaton-Armstrong was promoted to the position of Chester Herald of Arms in Ordinary. This office was made vacant by the promotion of Arthur Cochrane to the office of Norroy King of Arms.  He was made a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (fourth class) (MVO) in 1937.

While holding this post, Heaton-Armstrong took a leave from the College of Arms to fight in World War II. During this conflict, he rose to the rank of squadron leader in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch of the Royal Air Force. He relinquished his commission in 1944, and returned to the College of Arms, and was knighted in the Coronation Honours of 1953.

Service as Clarenceux King of Arms
In 1956, with the death of Archibald George Blomefield Russel, Heaton-Armstrong was promoted to the office of Clarenceux King of Arms. As such, he was responsible for the granting of arms in his jurisdiction south of the River Trent. While Chester Herald, Heaton-Armstrong was appointed to the honorary post of Inspector of Royal Air Force Badges, which post he held for the rest of his life. Heaton-Armstrong continued to serve as Clarenceux until his own death in late 1967.

Arms

See also
Pursuivant
Herald

References

External links

CUHAGS Officer of Arms Index

1888 births
1967 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
People from Edmonton, London
English officers of arms
Knights Bachelor
British genealogists
Members of the Royal Victorian Order
Royal Air Force officers
British people of Austrian descent
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car

The Otter Light Reconnaissance Car (known officially by the British as Car, Light Reconnaissance, Canadian GM (R.A.C.) was a light armoured car produced in Canada during the Second World War for British and Commonwealth forces.

History
The Otter Light Reconnaissance Car (LRC) was developed by General Motors Canada to meet the demand for this type of armoured car. The design followed the layout of the British Humber Mark III LRC.

Design
The Otter was based on the Chevrolet C15 Canadian Military Pattern truck chassis and used many standard GM components. It took a crew of three - driver and commander seated in the vehicle front, while the gunner occupied the turret position at the rear.  A Wireless Set No. 19 was mounted in the rear with A and B set aerials extending from the rear of the fighting compartment on mounting arms. 

The primary armament consisted of a hull-mounted Boys anti-tank rifle and a Bren light machine gun in a small open-topped turret. A smoke discharger is mounted alongside the mounting for the Boy's anti-tank rifle.  

Although it used a more powerful engine than the Humber, it was larger and heavier (by a ton); overall performance was less than that of the Humber but still acceptable.

Production
Between 1942 and 1945, 1761 units were produced in Oshawa, Ontario, though fewer than 1,000 were delivered overseas.

Usage
The Otter served with Canadian units in the Italian Campaign and Northwest European operations.
It was also employed by the South African Army and the British RAF Regiment. Some RAF regiment vehicles used aircraft armament such as 20mm cannon and 0.303 Browning machine guns.
After the war, the Otter was used by the Jordanian Army during the First Arab-Israeli War and Dutch Army during the Indonesian Revolution. The Syrian Army also operated the type after the war, with turretless Otter armed with 7.5 mm FM 24/29 light machine gun in pintle mounts or with 37 mm Puteaux SA 18 in a turret taken from other British-built armoured car.

Variants
 Car, Light Reconnaissance, Canadian, G.M. Mark 1(R.A.C.) with a turret.
 Car, Light Reconnaissance, Canadian, G.M. Mark 2 (R.A.C.) without a turret.

Surviving vehicles
The Karl Smith Collection in Tooele, Utah.
The RAF Regiment Museum, Honington.
Hellenic Historical Vehicles Preservation Club, Greece,
Fort Nieuw Amsterdam Open Air Museum, Surinam.

Gallery

See also
C15TA Armoured Truck
Canadian Military Pattern truck

References
Notes

Bibliography
White, BT AFV Profile No. 30 ''Armoured Cars - Marmon-Herrington, Alvis-Straussler, Light Reconnaissance (1971) Profile Publishing
Roger V.Lucy, ""The Otter Light Reconnaissance Car in Canadian Service", Service Publications,Ottawa, 2012

External links
Battlefront.co.nz
Photo gallery at Tanxheaven.com
Haugh, D Otter datasheet

World War II armoured cars
World War II armoured fighting vehicles of Canada
Reconnaissance vehicles of World War II
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
MapBasic

MapBasic is a programming language for creation of additional tools and functionality for the MapInfo Professional geographical information system. MapBasic is based on the BASIC family of programming languages.

MapBasic also allows programmers to develop software in popular programming languages such as C, C++ and Visual Basic and use these with the MapInfo Professional GIS to create geographically based software, such as electronic mapping.

References

GIS software
BASIC programming language family
Kongsfjorden

Kongsfjorden (Kongs Fjord or Kings Bay) is an inlet on the west coast of Spitsbergen, an island which is part of the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The inlet is  long and ranges in width from 6 to 14 km (4 to 9 miles). Two glaciers, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen, head the fjord.

The coal-mining town of Ny-Ålesund is located on its southern shore and is one of the few permanent settlements on Spitsbergen. It is also a popular shore break for cruise ships, although local scientists who monitor  levels as part of their climate change research have voiced concerns that the excessive pollution generated by cruise ships is interfering with their measurements.

Kongsfjorden was originally named Deer Sound by Jonas Poole (1610), and was known as such by the English whalers until at least 1658. Giles and Rep (c. 1710) were the first to name it Koninks Bay. William Scoresby (1820) repeats this error by naming it Kings Bay, while he moves Deer Sound to a bay in the northeast of the fjord. Modern cartographers have simply repeated this error.

References

Conway, W. M. 1906. No Man's Land: A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. Cambridge: At the University Press.
 Norwegian Polar Institute Place names in Norwegian polar areas
Encyclopædia Britannica. "Kongs Fjord" Retrieved March 24, 2006.
Mount Holyoke College (2004). "". Retrieved March 24, 2006.

Fjords of Spitsbergen
Ny-Ålesund
Ramsar sites in Norway
The Miners Association

The Miners Association was founded in 1858 by Robert Hunt FRS, and the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.  
The Association was formed to create a body that would discuss, develop, address the needs and represent the hard rock mining industry within the south west region of the United Kingdom.

History
Within the first year of existence The Association took the name Miners Association of Cornwall & Devon to also represent the interests of the mining community of the counties of Devon, which had strong links within Cornwall.

Later the Miners Association changed its name to the Mining Institute. The date of this name change is not known, although it was before 1887.

Achievements of the Association
Within the first year of the Association's existence it set about trying to address the need for improved skills and education within the mining community.  The Association's answer was the creation of classes in different mining areas of Cornwall.
In 1876, after extensive discussions by the Association, George Basset made a bequest to enable the building of a laboratory in Camborne.  This laboratory was to be used to improve the teaching of the Miners Association's pupils.
The establishment of the Redruth Mining School in 1882.
In 1887 J. J. Beringer delivered a lecture to the Miners Association, now called the Mining Institute, in which he outlined new proposals for the establishment of a Mining School.
In 1888 The Association founded The Camborne Mining School, which still exists as the Camborne School of Mines
The Penzance Mining School was established in 1890, following Sir Humphry Davy's contribution to the mining industry.
Robert Hunt Memorial Museum erected to the memory of Robert Hunt in Redruth.

Notable members of the Association
Dr Clement Le Neve Foster Assistant Secretary
Joseph Henry Collins  Lecturer and Assistant Secretary 1868
Robert Hunt FRS

References 

1858 establishments in the United Kingdom
Miners' Association
Cornish mining organisations
Miners' Association
Miners' Association
Camborne School of Mines
Ogg Squish

OggSquish is one of the first names used for the Ogg project developed from 1994 by the Xiphophorus company (now Xiph.Org Foundation). Ogg Squish was also an attempt from the Xiphophorus company to create a royalty-free lossless audio compression codec.

History

The Ogg project began with a simple audio compression package as part of a larger project in 1993. The original name of the software was Squish, but due to an existing trademark it was later renamed to OggSquish. This name was later used for the whole Ogg project. In 1997, the Xiphophorus OggSquish was described as "an attempt both to create a flexible compressed audio format for modern audio applications as well as to provide the first audio format that is common on any and every modern computer platform".

In 1998, after Fraunhofer Society Integrated Circuits Institute intended to sue MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 development projects because of license issues, the Xiphophorus company's focus was moved to a royalty-free lossy audio compression codec, named OggSquish Vorbis, or only "Ogg Vorbis" or "Vorbis".

In 2000, the OggSquish was referred to as "a group of several related multimedia and signal processing projects". In 2000, two projects were in active development for planned release: Ogg Vorbis format and libvorbis - the reference implementation of Vorbis. Research also included work on future video and lossless audio coding.

In 2001, OggSquish was renamed to "Ogg" and it was described as "the umbrella for a group of several related multimedia and signal processing projects".

Ogg has come to stand for the container file format, as part of the larger Xiph.org multimedia project. Squish became just the name of one of the Ogg codecs. In 2000 and 2001 there was some information from Xiphophorus company's developers about plans for a continuation of Ogg Squish as a lossless audio compression.

On January 29, 2003, the Xiph.Org Foundation officially announced the incorporation of FLAC as a lossless audio compression codec under Xiph.org banner. Ogg Squish is no longer maintained.

References

Lossless audio codecs
Free audio codecs
Xiph.Org projects
Roberto Valenzuela Elphick

Roberto Valenzuela Elphick was a British-Chilean bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1936.  He was born 29 August 1873 in Antofagasta, Chile.  He was the son of a British nitrate producer, Donald E. Elphick, and Tomasa Valenzuela, a Chilean Roman Catholic.  Roberto was converted to the Evangelical Church by reading a New Testament given him by a Methodist Sunday School teacher, Mina Fawcett.  Later his father, mother, and most of his brothers were also converted.

Roberto joined the Presbyterian Church, and was ordained a minister in 1897.  He transferred to the Chile Annual Conference of the M.E. Church in 1906.  Prior to his election to the episcopacy, Roberto served as a pastor, educator, and evangelist.  He was a delegate to the International Missionary Conference in Jerusalem, 1928.  He was elected bishop in Buenos Aires, and was consecrated to that office in Columbus, Ohio.

Selected writings 
 Autobiography, in Spanish, a copy of which resides in the Methodist Bishops' Collection.
 The Teachings of Christ.

See also 
 List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

References 
 Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops.  Nashville, The Parthenon Press, 1948.

1873 births
Year of death missing
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Methodist evangelists
Valenzuela Elphick
Valenzuela Elphick
Valenzuela Elphick
Valenzuela Elphick
Autobiographers
Chilean United Methodist bishops
Chilean Christian religious leaders
Converts to Methodism from Roman Catholicism
People from Antofagasta
20th-century Methodist bishops
20th-century Presbyterian ministers
19th-century Presbyterian ministers
Ladytron (song)

"Ladytron" is a song by Bryan Ferry, recorded by his band Roxy Music and appearing on their eponymous debut album. The British electronic band Ladytron took their name from this song.

The song has distinctive instrumentation, including an oboe solo, liberal use of the mellotron's famous "three violins" tape set, and much processing of the other instruments by Brian Eno via his VCS3 synthesizer and tape echo. The sound in the start of the song was created by Brian Eno, after Bryan Ferry asked him to produce something reminiscent of the Lunar Landing.

Lyrically, it presents Ferry as a Casanova-style seducer of women, whilst being simultaneously enraptured by them. Another interpretation is that the Ladytron is a female robot (hence the name), being seduced by Ferry.

In 2006, The Times described "Ladytron" as one of Roxy Music's "best loved songs."

The haunting oboe melody heard in the intro is reminiscent of a passage in the first movement of Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 3 in C, Op. 26.

Personnel
 Bryan Ferry – Hohner Pianet electric piano, Mellotron, vocals
 Andy MacKay – oboe,  saxophone
 Brian Eno – VCS3 synthesiser, tape effects
 Graham Simpson – bass guitar
 Paul Thompson – drums
 Phil Manzanera – electric guitar

Notes

Roxy Music songs
Songs written by Bryan Ferry
1972 songs
Large seal script

The large seal script () is a traditional term referencing written Chinese dating from before the Qin dynasty—now used either narrowly to the writing of the Western and early Eastern Zhou dynasty (), or more broadly to also include the oracle bone script (). The term deliberately contrasts the Small seal script, the official script standardized throughout China during the Qin dynasty, often called merely 'seal script'. Due to the term's lack of precision, scholars often prefer more specific references regarding the provenance of whichever written samples are being discussed.

During the Han dynasty (), when clerical script became the popular form of writing, the small seal script was relegated to limited, formal usage, such as on signet seals and for the titles of stelae (inscribed stone memorial tablets which were popular at the time), and as such the earlier Qin dynasty script began to be referred to as 'seal script'. At that time, there remained knowledge of even older, often more complex glyphs dating to the middle-to-late Zhou dynasty, directly ancestral to the Qin forms—which resembled the Qin forms in their rounded style, as opposed to the rectilinear clerical script style prominent during the Han. As a result, the 'large' and 'small' terms emerged to refer to the respective scripts.

It is only more recently that 'large seal script' has been extended to refer to Western Zhou forms, or even oracle bone script, of which people living during the Han were unaware. 'Large seal script' is sometimes traditionally identified with a group of characters from the Shizhoupian (), preserved by their inclusion in turn within the Han dynasty lexicon known as the  Shuowen Jiezi. Xu Shen, the latter text's author, included the variants differing from the structures of small seal script, and labelled the examples as  (), referring to the name of the original book, not the name of the dynasty or of a script

See also
 Seal script
 Small seal script

References 

Chén Zhāoróng (陳昭容) Research on the Qín (Ch'in) Lineage of Writing: An Examination from the Perspective of the History of Chinese Writing (秦系文字研究 ﹕从漢字史的角度考察) (2003). Academia Sinica, Institute of History and Philology Monograph (中央研究院歷史語言研究所專刊). . (in Chinese)
Qiu Xigui Chinese Writing (2000). Translation of 文字學概要 by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman. Early China Special Monograph Series No. 4. Berkeley: The Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. .

History of the Chinese script
East Asian calligraphy
Chinese script style
Louis-Mathias, Count de Barral

Louis-Mathias, Count de Barral (26 April 1746 – 7 June 1816) was a French church figure.

He was born at Grenoble and was educated for the priesthood at the seminary of St. Sulpice, in Paris.  In 1774–1775 he was the Conclavist of Cardinal de Luynes in the papal election that produced Pope Pius VI (Braschi). He was made secretary, then coadjutor, and in 1790, successor, to his uncle, the Bishop of Troyes. In 1790, he refused to take the oath to the civil constitution of the clergy, explaining his views and those of the Pope to the electors of his diocese in a pamphlet in the form of a letter.  He then withdrew from France to Konstanz in Switzerland and later to England.

In 1801 he returned home, and wrote a forceful pamphlet on the subject of bishops resigning their offices at the request of Pope Pius VII.  Under the new concordat between France and the Holy See, Barral was appointed to govern the Diocese of Meaux, and in 1805 was promoted to the Archbishopric of Tours. During the long and harassing negotiations which Napoleon carried on with Pope Pius VII, while the latter was virtually a prisoner at Savona and Fontainebleau, Archbishop de Barral acted frequently as the emperor's intermediary. He was afterwards appointed almoner to the Empress Josephine, and he pronounced her funeral oration. Later still he was named a Senator and a Count of the Empire.

On the downfall of Napoleon, the archbishop took his seat in the Chamber of Peers under Louis XVIII, and in the government of the "Hundred Days", which followed on the return of Napoleon from Elba, he still retained his political position. On the second restoration of the Bourbons, however, he was obliged to resign, and from this time till his death, which occurred in the following year, he confined himself entirely to the administration of his archdiocese.

He has left among other works: Fragments relatifs à l'histoire ecclésiastique des premières années du XIXe siècle (Paris, 1814); and a posthumous work, published by his brother: Défense des libertés de l'église gallicane et de l'assemblée du clergé de France tenue en 1682, ou réfutation de plusieurs ouvrages publiés récemment en Angleterre sur l'infaillibilité du Pape (Paris, 1817).

References

Sources

Acknowledgment
 

1746 births
1816 deaths
Clergy from Grenoble
Bishops of Meaux
Archbishops of Tours
Bishops of Troyes
Counts of the First French Empire
Members of the Sénat conservateur
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Hundred Days
18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
French expatriates in Switzerland
French expatriates in the Kingdom of Great Britain
Viscount Maugham

Viscount Maugham, of Hartfield in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 September 1939 for the former Lord Chancellor, Frederic Maugham, Baron Maugham. He had already been created a life peer under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 as Baron Maugham, of Hartfield in the County of Sussex, on 7 October 1935. This title was also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. On Lord Maugham's death in 1958 the life barony became extinct while he was succeeded in the viscountcy by his only son, the second Viscount. He was an author known as Robin Maugham. He never married and on his death 
in 1981 the viscountcy became extinct.

Viscount Maugham was the author of 'U.N.O and War Crimes' published by John Murray, 1951.

The author W. Somerset Maugham was the younger brother of the first Viscount.

Viscounts Maugham (1939) 
Frederic Herbert Maugham, 1st Viscount Maugham (1866–1958)
Robert Cecil Romer "Robin" Maugham, 2nd Viscount Maugham (1916–1981)

References 

 Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1968 edition)
 

Extinct viscountcies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerages created for lord high chancellors of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1939
Argiope picta

Argiope picta is a species of orb web spider found in tropical areas of Queensland, Australia and Papua New Guinea up to the Moluccas.
This species is similar in size to the sympatric Argiope aetherea; females can be distinguished from those of A. aetherea via extensive differences in abdominal colouration and patterns. The males of these two species are almost indistinguishable.

Little is known about the biology of A. picta. However, like most orb-web spiders, males are much smaller than females. Females of this species construct web decorations. Spiders from Australia mostly construct their decorations in a vertical line above and below the centre of the web (hub), whereas those from Papua New Guinea construct the characteristic “X” shape of St Andrew's Cross spiders. It is not known why these different decoration patterns appear in the same species, but it may be related to habitat differences.

Gallery

References

External links
Platnick, Norman I. (2007): The world spider catalog, version 8.0. American Museum of Natural History.

picta
Spiders of Australia
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1871
Taxa named by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch
Bonriki International Airport

Bonriki International Airport  is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands, precisely on Bonriki.

Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways connects Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia.

The airport is the hub of the only two Kiribati airlines, flag carrier Air Kiribati and the 2009-established Coral Sun Airways, with both airlines mainly flying domestic routes within the Gilbert Islands. Air Kiribati and Coral Sun Airways both serve all 16 other airports in the Gilbert Islands, but not all these destinations are flown directly from Tarawa.

History

The airport was built in December 1943 by United States Navy Seabees and was named "Mullinix Field", in honor of Rear Admiral Henry M. Mullinix, who died in the sinking of the USS Liscome Bay on 24 November 1943 after it was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine off the Gilbert Islands.

Almost immediately after the completion of the runway, it became the nexus of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) operations from Tarawa, as the runway at nearby Hawkins Field on Betio was too short for safe bomber operations. The longer runway at Mullinix became the base for the VII Bomber Command Headquarters, which directed operations against Japanese forces in the Marshall Islands. In addition, the USAAF stationed the B-24 Liberator-equipped 11th Bombardment Group and B-25 Mitchell-equipped 41st Bombardment Group at the airfield.

In April 1944, the land-based units moved forward to Kwajalein Airfield in the Marshall Islands, and shortly thereafter, Mullinix was reduced to an emergency airfield. By the end of the war, the Americans abandoned the facilities and the airfield was turned into a civilian airport.

Facilities

The airport is at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 09/27 with an asphalt surface measuring .

Airlines and destinations

See also
 USAAF in the Central Pacific
Naval Base Gilbert Islands

References

External links
 Arrivals and Departures for Bonriki Airport
 
 

Airports in Kiribati
South Tarawa
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in the Pacific Ocean Theater
Airports established in 1943
1943 establishments in Oceania
Heliopolis

Heliopolis (Greek for "Sun City") may refer to:

Places
 Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), also known as Heliopolis in Augustamnica
 Heliopolis, Cairo, a suburb or district of Cairo, Egypt
 Heliopolis Sporting Club
 Heliopolis University in Cairo
 New Heliopolis
 Heliopolis (Lebanon), ancient city also known as Heliopolis Syriaca, Roman Heliopolis, or Heliopolis in Phoenicia; at modern Baalbek in Lebanon
Heliopolis (Athens suburb) or Ilioupoli, a suburb of Athens, Greece
Heliópolis, the largest favela of São Paulo City, Brazil
Heliópolis, Bahia, a municipality in Bahia, Brazil
Héliopolis, Algeria, a town and commune in Algeria
Héliopolis, a town in France situated on the Levant Island
Heliópolis, Seville, neighbourhood of the Bellavista-La Palmera district in Seville, Spain

Fictional places
Heliopolis (Marvel Comics), a location in Marvel comics
Heliopolis, a planet in the Stargate SG-1 episode "The Torment of Tantalus"

Literature
Heliopolis (Jünger novel), a 1949 novel by Ernst Jünger
Heliopolis (Scudamore novel), a 2009 novel by James Scudamore

Music
 "Heliopolis", a song by Agathodaimon from Phoenix 
 "Heliopolis", a song by Banco de Gaia from Maya
 "Heliopolis", a song by Samael from Reign of Light
 "Heliopolis", a song by Franz Schubert
 "Heliopolis", a song by Spyro Gyra from Morning Dance

Others
Heliopolis style, the architectural style of the modern Heliopolis Cairo suburb 
Heliopolis (2009 film), a 2009 musical docudrama film by Ahmad Abdalla
Héliopolis (2020 film), a 2020 Algerian film
Heliopolis (horse), a British thoroughbred racehorse

See also 
 Ennead of Heliopolis
 Heliopolitan Triad
 Heliopolitan gods in comics
 Sun City (disambiguation)
 City of the Sun (disambiguation)
 Helios (disambiguation)
 Helepolis