alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Kay-Jay Harris

Kevin Jermaine "Kay-Jay" Harris (born March 27, 1979) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at West Virginia.

Harris has also been a member of the St. Louis Rams and New York Giants.

Early years
Harris played football, baseball, basketball, and track at Tampa Bay Technical High School in Tampa, Florida. He was drafted by the Texas Rangers for baseball and played four years of Class A ball before concentrating on football.

College career
Harris attended Garden City Community College in Garden City, Kansas before transferring to West Virginia for his final two years. In two years with the Mountaineers, Harris started six of 23 games played, rushing for 1,483 yards and 14 touchdowns on 256 attempts, and added 25 receptions for 292 yards and three touchdowns. He also earned second-team all-Big East honors as a senior, rushing for 959 yards and 10 touchdowns on 165 carries, adding 20 receptions for 181 yards and three touchdowns.

On September 4, 2004, he set a West Virginia and Big East Conference record for rushing yards in a single game. He ran for 337 yards and four touchdowns on 25 carries against East Carolina despite not starting the game. West Virginia went on to win by a score of 56-23.

Professional career

Miami Dolphins
Harris went undrafted in the 2005 NFL Draft and was later signed with the Miami Dolphins. He spent the 2005 season on the team's practice squad.

St. Louis Rams
Harris was signed by the St. Louis Rams in 2006, where he backed up Steven Jackson and Stephen Davis.

In the 2007 preseason, Harris had three carries for 25 yards against the Minnesota Vikings. However, he was waived prior to the regular season.

New York Giants
Harris was signed to the practice squad of the New York Giants during the 2007 season, where he remained during the team's Super Bowl XLII victory over the New England Patriots. He re-signed with the team in the 2008 offseason. However, Harris suffered an ankle injury during a preseason game against the Cleveland Browns on August 18 and was carted off the field. He was waived/injured two days later.

References

External links
New York Giants bio
Baseball Reference bio

1979 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American football running backs
West Virginia Mountaineers football players
Miami Dolphins players
St. Louis Rams players
New York Giants players
Garden City Broncbusters football players
Savannah Sand Gnats players
Pulaski Rangers players
Baseball players from Tampa, Florida
Players of American football from Tampa, Florida
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Baltimore Bombers (proposed NFL team)

The Baltimore Bombers were a proposed National Football League expansion team located in Baltimore, Maryland. When the NFL was awarding expansion teams to two cities in 1993, Baltimore was among the cities vying for a team; the city had lost its previous team, the Colts, in a middle-of-the-night relocation nine years prior.  In their proposal, the potential owners of the team had settled on the "Baltimore Bombers" as the team's nickname in honor of the B-26 Marauder, a World War II bomber designed by the Glenn L. Martin Company, and produced in Baltimore from 1941 to 1945. Leonard "Boogie" Weinglass, founder of the retailer Merry-Go-Round, was one of the potential owners of the Baltimore expansion team, as was Malcolm Glazer, who would later go on to purchase the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Decision 
Baltimore, as well as Memphis and St. Louis, was not awarded an expansion team, passed up in favor of Charlotte, North Carolina and Jacksonville, Florida. The Bombers proposal was believed to be near the bottom of the list of contenders, and league commissioner Paul Tagliabue opposed any expansion to Baltimore, saying "some towns are football towns and some towns are museum towns. I guess Baltimore is a museum town."

Shortly after the NFL's rejection, the Canadian Football League approved an expansion team for Baltimore; originally christened the Colts, legal action from the NFL compelled the team to stop using the "Colts" name. With a team that was eventually re-christened the Stallions, Baltimore became one of several U.S. markets introduced to Canadian football as part of the CFL's ill-fated expansion. Although they played only two seasons, the Stallions were, by far, the most successful CFL expansion team of the era, both on and off the field. Their success was a major factor in Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell's decision to relocate his NFL franchise to Baltimore, announcing his signing of a deal to move the team on November 6, 1995. Further legal action from the NFL eventually produced a settlement whereby Modell agreed to leave the Browns' name and colors in Cleveland in exchange for an expansion franchise in Baltimore that acquired the Browns' roster. Bombers was one of the names rejected by the team in the naming process, with city mayor Kurt L. Schmoke even writing a letter advising against the name in light of the Oklahoma City bombing and the Jaffa Road bus bombings in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The name of Marauders finished third in the final voting. The new NFL franchise would become the Baltimore Ravens while the Stallions ceased operations (although their ownership group was granted a new CFL franchise in Montreal and successfully re-signed much of the Stallions' roster).

Proposed logo 
The proposed main logo showed the silhouette of a "generic" World War II-era bomber (not the silhouette of the B-26 Marauder).

References

External links
 
American football teams in Baltimore
Baltimore Ravens
Brian Busby

Brian John Busby (born August 29, 1962) is a Canadian literary historian and anthologist. Born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, he attended John Abbott College and Concordia University. Busby began his writing career writing daytime soap operas and educational material for Radio Canada International.

He is best known for his biography of John Glassco, A Gentleman of Pleasure: One Life of John Glassco, Poet, Memoirist, Translator, and Pornographer () and for his 2003 book Character Parts: Who's Really Who in Canlit (), which discusses the real-life inspirations behind characters in Canadian fiction.

He is a former president of the Federation of BC Writers.

See also
 Brian Moore's early fiction

References

External links
 

1962 births
Living people
Canadian anthologists
21st-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian radio writers
Concordia University alumni
Canadian male television writers
Writers from Montreal
Writers from British Columbia
Teknowhore

TeknoWhore is a studio album by the American industrial metal band Bile, released in 1996. The album was released on the now defunct Energy Records and had not been reproduced since the company's fold in 2000. After being out of print for three years, Bile decided to re-release the album alongside their out-of-print first release, Suckpump, as a digipak titled Frankenhole in 2003. TeknoWhore was written and recorded by Krztoff, produced by Krztoff and Slave, mixed by Slave, and engineered by Steve Spaperri and Patrick Gordon.

Critical reception
The Washington Post wrote that "the band's world view is as contrived and perverse as its style, which alternates slamming synthbeats with aimless interludes of burbling music and ironic samples from old movies and documentaries."

Track listing
 "Intro" - 2:09
 "Teknowhore" - 2:08
 "Weather Control" - 4:38
 "No One I Call Friend" - 6:28
 "Habitual Sphere" - 4:38
 "Compound Pressure" - 5:14
 "Interstate Hate Song" - 3:35
 "Green Day" - 1:12
 "No I Don't Know" - 2:31
 "Suckers" - 2:18
 "Lowest Form" - 4:54
 "You Can't Love This (Pt. 1)" - 1:00
 "You Can't Love This (Pt. 2)" - 6:08
 "You Can't Love This (Pt. 3)" - 3:21
 "You Can't Love This (Pt. 4)" - 6:26
 "Solitude Is Bliss" - 10:15

Credits
Bile in the studio
 Krztoff - Lead vocals, guitarz, bass, sitar, drums, distortions, atmospheres, Kawai K-1, samples, porno, programming, Zoom FX, pedals, Roland W-30, line input overdrives.
 Slave - a.k.a David Stagnari - Programming, EMS-Synthi, RFB-40 shortwave, Juno-106, Korg Monopoly, Oberheim Matrix 6, samples, loops, treatments.
 Brett and Archie A.K. did backup vox on "Teknowhore" and "No I Don't Know."  
 Omen spewed 'emu omenfuck' backgrounds on "You Can't Love This."
Bile on the road
 Krztoff - Lead vox, guitarz, programs
 Brett Pirozzi - Vox, bass, guitar
 R.H. Bear - Keyboards, bass and video
 Slave - Keyboards, EMS Synthi, programs
 Darrell - Lightning and effects
No Live freakshow
Produced by Slave and Krztoff
Mixed by Slave
Recorded in Music Palace, Long Island, N.Y., Summer-Fall 1995
Engineered by Steve "Potso" Spaperri and Patrick Gordon
1/2in. tape editor - Slave
Album arrangement, sequence and interludes by Krztoff and Slave

References

1996 albums
Bile (band) albums
Jerzy Lubomirski

Jerzy Lubomirski is the name of several Polish noblemen:

 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski (1616–1667), Polish nobleman and prince, leader of the Lubomirski Rebellion
 Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski (1654–1727), Polish noble
 Jerzy Aleksander Lubomirski (17th-century–1735), Polish noble
 Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski (1687–1753), Polish nobleman
Eighty Eight

Eighty Eight is the title of The 77s' fifth album, released in 1991. The album was recorded live at the Warehouse in Sacramento, California on March 12, 1988.

Track listing

Eighty Eight
 "Perfect Blues" – 6:00 
 "I Can't Get Over It" – 6:10 
 "Wild Blue" – 5:45 
 "Mary and the Baby Elvis" – 4:25 
 "Closer" – 5:23
 "Where It's At" – 4:53
 "The Lust, The Flesh, The Eyes & The Pride of Life" – 3:57 
 "Over Under Sideways Down" (Yardbirds cover) – 2:56 
 "Mercy Mercy" – 11:15
 "You Don't Scare Me" – 12:20 
 "I Could Laugh" – 12:30

The CD was reissued in 2000, by Fools of the World, adding a second disc of additional live tracks entitled "When Numbers Get Serious."

When Numbers Get Serious
 The Days To Come
 Paint It Black (Rolling Stones cover)
 This Is The Way Love Is
 Alone Together
 Flowers in the Sand
 Snowblind
 Outskirts
 Woody
 Nobody's Fault But Mine
 Pick Up The Pieces
 Honestly
 Dave's Blues
 God Sends Quails
 Pearls Before Swine
 Bridge of Sighs
 Saved

Personnel 
 Mike Roe – guitar, lead vocal
 Mark Tootle – keyboard, guitar, vocal
 Jan Eric – bass, background vocal
 Aaron Smith – drum

Guest musicians
David Leonhardt plays the piano on "Perfect Blues." 
Roger Smith plays the Hammond B-3 organ on "Wild Blue."
Mark Harmon plays bass guitar on "I Could Laugh."

Production notes
Recorded by Daryl Zachman. 
Mixed by Steve Griffith.

The 77s albums
1991 live albums
Parachinar Airport

Parachinar Airport  is an airport located  in Parachinar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located at about a 25-minute drive from the center of Parachinar, it used to be the only airport in the former FATA region that was served by any passenger airline, namely Pakistan International Airlines. The PIA service to the airport used to be intermittently suspended for varying durations.

The airport was built in the 1980s, following the Russian invasion of Afghanistan, to provide military landing facilities.

Airfield data
Runway 1: Aircraft size max: Airbus A330 
Cargo Facilities: Animal Quarantine

See also
 List of airports in Pakistan
 Airlines of Pakistan
 Transport in Pakistan
 Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority

External links
Parachinar Airport data at Executive Air International Services

References

Airports in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Buildings and structures in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Kurram District
Les Insomniaques s'amusent

Les Insomniaques s'amusent is the first album by Québécois singer and musician Daniel Bélanger.

Track listing
La folie en quatre - 3:55
Ensorcelée - 4:12
Sèche tes pleurs - 2:38
Désespéré - 4:37
Ma dépendance - 3:27
Opium - 4:39
Quand le jour se lève - 4:16
Le bonheur - 4:38
Jamais les heures - 4:13
Mon retour - 3:59
L'Autruche - 2:21

Credits
Produced by Rick Haworth at Studio Piccolo
Track 1 produced by Sylvain Lefebvre at Studio La Majeure
Track 3 produced by Paul Pagé at Studio Saint-Charles
Tracks 6 and 8 produced by Paul Pagé at Studio Saint-Charles and Studio Piccolo
Tracks 5, 7 and 10 produced by Rick Haworth at Studio Victor and Studio Piccolo
Assistant producer for tracks 6 and 8: Rick Haworth
Mixed by Glen Robinson at Studio Morin Heights 
Mixing assistant: Rick Haworth
Track 1 mixed by Paul Pagé at Studio Saint-Charles
Mastered by Howie Winburg at Masterdisk, New York City
Additional mastering by Bill Kipper at SNB Mastering, Montreal
A&R: Michel Bélanger
Sleeve designer: Anne Thomas Designer/Benoît Lagacé
Front cover photo designer: Lyne Charlebois, David Franco
Front cover photo: Jean-François Gratton

1992 debut albums
Daniel Bélanger albums
Audiogram (label) albums
Abstractionism

Abstractionism is the theory that the mind obtains some or all of its concepts by abstracting them from concepts it already has, or from experience. One may, for example, abstract 'green' from a set of experiences which involve green along with other properties. Also, for example, one may abstract a generic concept like 'vegetable' from the already possessed concepts of its instances (carrot, broccoli, onion, etc.) This view was criticized by George Berkeley and Peter Geach.

Development 
Abstractionism has its roots in Aristotle's writings, particularly those rejecting the Platonic theory of Forms. They were adopted and developed further by the Scholastics so that the doctrine became entrenched in the seventeenth century. John Locke also developed his own theory of abstract ideas although it was against the Scholastic theory of essences. For him, ideas originate through the senses and the materials or the sensory data provided by these become the basis of the way we form general ideas of classes of things. His theory contradicts the empiricist standpoint due to its focus on intuitive and demonstrative knowledge as demonstrated in Locke's recognition that pure mathematics and pure morals are founded on intuition and demonstration.

There are several modern versions of abstractionism and these include those developed by theorists such as Noam Chomsky and Jerry Fodor, who proposed that concepts are preformed at birth and that we learn to match the words of our language onto the pre-existing concepts. Chomsky, for instance, explained the "deep structure" of the Internet or the grammar of meaning hidden beneath the surface of words by citing that "linguists isolate from an essentially heterogeneous linguistic reality a standard and homogeneous system, thus grounding abstraction."   

Berkeley's opposition to abstractionism is considered to be primarily directed at Locke's claim that words are made general through the mediation of general ideas. This is due to the view that Locke's argument is tantamount to claiming that the word "triangle" can be applied to many different triangles because the abstract general idea of the form is used as a template or standard when identifying new instances as being of the same sort.

References 

Abstraction
Theory of mind
Josef Swickard

Josef Swickard (26 June 1866 – 1 March 1940) was a Prussian-born veteran stage and screen character actor, who had toured with stock companies in Europe, South Africa, and South America.

Career

Swickard emigrated to the United States from the German Empire in 1882. He was a stage actor several years before entering films with D.W. Griffith in 1912 and by 1914 was playing supporting roles for Mack Sennett. He appeared in Charles Chaplin's Laughing Gas and Caught in a Cabaret.  He remained with Sennett until 1917, when he settled into his prolific career of playing mostly aristocratic characters.

Modern audiences are perhaps most familiar with his role of Marcelo Desnoyers, the well-intentioned but impractical French upper class father in Rex Ingram's 1921 film The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. His career in sound films was somewhat limited and he played in low-budget and action serial type films.  He played the villainous Prime Minister Kruel in the 1925 film version of The Wizard of Oz.

Family Life & Death

Born in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 to Peter Schwecherath and Geniveve Steffens, Swickard was the brother of actor Charles Swickard. After arriving in the United States in November 1882, Schwecherath changed his name to Swickard and married a Scottish woman named Queeny in 1896.  In 1902, Swickard applied for citizenship in the Eastern District of New York under the name Joseph P. Schwickerath. Records also show Swickard submitted a petition for naturalization in Los Angeles, California in February 1936 under the name of Peter Joseph Schwickerath. Sometime around 1928 Swickard married Broadway actress Margaret Campbell. That union was short-lived and the couple divorced on January 15, 1929. Swickard's last known residence was the Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles where he lived after his divorce from Campbell. Tragedy befell his ex-wife on June 27, 1939 when she was brutally murdered. Her son, Campbell McDonald, was the initial suspect. He was also suspected of having bludgeoned to death a Russian dancer, Anya Sosoyeva, as well as having assaulted the young actress Delia Bogard, who survived.LA police eventually arrested DeWitt Clinton Cook, who confessed and was sent to San Quentin, where he died in the gas chamber in 1941. Swickard died in 1940 from natural causes. He was falsely rumored to have jumped from the Hollywood sign.

The Evening Independent June 29, 1939.  Nearly seven months to-the-day after his ex-wife's murder, Swickard died on February 29, 1940. He was 73.

Despite rumors that Swickard committed suicide by jumping from the Hollywood sign, his death was from natural causes. Swickard was buried under a simple headstone at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Filmography

See also

References

External links

1866 births
1940 deaths
American male silent film actors
American male film actors
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
20th-century American male actors
The Life Channel

The Life Channel was a Canadian premium television service featuring programming on lifestyle and health subjects, existing for almost 14 months in the late 1980s. The programming represented some of the earlier efforts of Canada's premium television industry, considering pay-TV movie channels had commenced in 1983. It should not be confused with later Canadian cable channels Life Network (now known as Slice) and CTV Life Channel.

History 
The Life Channel was approved for broadcast by the CRTC on 14 March 1985 following licensing hearings on 5 February 1985.

The company was a partnership between Winnipeg, Manitoba doctor John Tyson, who became president of the company, Toronto, Ontario lawyer Michael G. Rinaldo, who became director and secretary, and broadcast company CUC Limited.

On 18 October 1985, The Life Channel began satellite broadcasts to cable companies on a pay-TV basis. The initial broadcasts were available free to cable subscribers as a preview until 1 November 1985. Subscription cost was $5.95 per month, but included free with the other Canadian pay-TV channels at the time, at a cost of $19.95.

Notable programming included Ruth Westheimer's Good Sex! programme which was imported from the American Lifetime network. Domestic programming included a talk show hosted by Shirley Solomon and a medical information show, Doctor On Call, hosted by John Tyson.

As of September 1986, the service attracted relatively small subscriber base of 380,000 compared to 892,000 for TSN, 848,000 for MuchMusic. The Life Channel had increased the wholesale price it charges cable companies from 15 of 55 cents per subscriber, a move which resulted in some cable systems cancelling the service. Faced with financial problems which included a $4 million debt, The Life Channel ceased broadcasts after 30 November 1986. Its licence was revoked by the CRTC on 1 February 1988.

References

Defunct television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 1985
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1986
1985 establishments in Canada
Robert Edison Sandiford

Robert Edison Sandiford (born 1968) is a Canadian novelist, short story writer and essayist. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he co-founded with the poet Linda M. Deane ArtsEtc, a periodical devoted to culture in Barbados. In 2003, his short story "Reckoning" was awarded the Barbados Governor General's Award for Literary Excellence.

Bibliography

Fiction 
12 X 93 — 1993 (with Sonja Skarstedt & Brian Busby)
Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall: Stories — 1995
The Tree of Youth and Other Stories — 2005
Intimacy 101: Rooms & Suites — 2013
And Sometimes They Fly: A Novel — 2013
Fairfield: The Last Sad Stories of G. Brandon Sisnett — 2015

Graphic novels 
Attractive Forces — 1997 (with Justin Norman)
Stray Moonbeams — 2002 (with Justin Norman & Brandon Graham)
Great Moves — 2010 (with Geof Isherwood)

Non-fiction 
Sand for Snow: A Caribbean-Canadian Chronicle — 2003

External links
Robert Edison Sandiford - (Biography) Writers' Union of Canada 
Robert Edison Sandiford 

1968 births
Canadian male short story writers
Black Canadian writers
Canadian people of Barbadian descent
Living people
Writers from Montreal
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Botswana Federation of Trade Unions

The Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU) is the national trade union federation for Botswana. Founded in 1977, it represents over 90% of all trade unions in the country, including all major unions. The BFTU is currently undertaking a reorganization which will see its 25 affiliates merged and reduced in numbers to 13.

The BFTU is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity.

References

 
1977 establishments in Botswana
Organisations based in Gaborone
Trade unions established in 1977
Quatre saisons dans le désordre

Quatre saisons dans le désordre (free English translation: Four Seasons in Disorder) is the second album by Québécois singer and musician Daniel Bélanger. It was released by Audiogram on May 12, 1996.

Track listing
"Quatre saisons dans le désordre" – 4:47
"Sortez-moi de moi" (Daniel Bélanger, Michel Bélanger) – 5:30
"Les Deux Printemps" – 3:14
"Monsieur Verbêtre" – 3:44
"Respirer dans l'eau" – 4:13
"Cruel (Il fait froid, on gèle)" – 3:49
"La Voie lactée" – 2:46
"Les Temps fous" – 4:25
"Imparfait" – 3:55
"Le Parapluie" – 5:32
"Je fais de moi un homme" – 4:23
"Projection dans le bleu" – 3:57
"Primate électrique" – 2:37

References 

1996 albums
Daniel Bélanger albums
Audiogram (label) albums
Rork

Rork is a series of eight graphic novels by German comic author Andreas. It is also the name of the protagonist of the series.

The character Rork is a white-haired "wizard" from another dimension who solves supernatural mysteries, before embarking on a quest to discover his origins. During his quest, he is assisted by a cast of characters including occult detective Raffington Event, astrologer Capricorn, the psychic Deliah Darkthorne (aka "Low Valley") and her daughter Sy-Ra, the immortal Yosta, and others. His enemies are the mysterious Pharass and Dahmaloch, revealed to be an analogy for the Devil himself in the later and twin Capricorne series.

The Rork series is notable for its use of allegory, mysticism, visual sequencing and unusual "dynamic" framing, with a visual structure and rhythm rather uncommon in European comics.

Many mysteries explored in the various albums are not revealed until the seventh album and some albums of the twin Capricorne series, and even then many enigmas remain unanswered for the reader.

The series

There are eight volumes in the Rork series:

0. Les Fantômes (The Ghosts) (Lombard, 2012)
1. Fragments (Lombard, 1984)
2. Passages (Lombard, 1984)
3. Le Cimetière des Cathédrales (The Graveyard of Cathedrals) (Lombard, 1988)
4. Lumière d'Etoile (Starlight) (Lombard, 1988)
5. Capricorne (Capricorn) (Lombard, 1990)
6. Descente (Descent) (Lombard, 1992)
7. Retour (Return) (Lombard, 1993)

Publishing history
The Rork stories were originally serialized in Tintin magazine in 1978; after the Belgian edition was cancelled in 1980 the series continued in the French and Dutch edition of the magazine.

The first five Rork stories were translated by Jean-Marc Lofficier & Randy Lofficier. They were first serialized in black & white in Dark Horse's "Cheval Noir" comic, then published as graphic novels by NBM.

Related comics

Capricorn
Capricorn is an astrologer and crime-fighter whose real identity is unknown. Ably assisted by librarian Astor and stunt flyer Ash Grey, Capricorn fights occult threats in the New York of the 1930s. His arch-enemy is the mysterious Mordor Gott.

Capricorn stories
1. L'Objet (The Object) (Lombard, 1996)
2. Électricité (Electricity) (Lombard, 1997)
3. Deliah (Lombard, 1998)
4. Le Cube Numérique (The Numerical Cube) (Lombard, 1999)
5. Le Secret (The Secret) (Lombard, 2000)
6. Attaque (Attack) (Lombard, 2001)
7. Le Dragon Bleu (The Blue Dragon) (Lombard, 2002)
8. Tunnel (Lombard, 2003)
9. Le Passage (Lombard, 2004)
10. Les Chinois (Lombard, 2005)
11. Patrick (Lombard, 2006)

Note: Capricorn's encounter with Rork (in Rork Nos. 5 and 7) takes place between Volumes 4 and 5 of the series.

Raffington Event
Raffington Event is a portly detective of the occult. He met Rork in Volumes 2 and 7 of the Rork saga.

Album
Raffington Event, Detective (Lombard, 1989)

External links
Rork
Dossier Andreas
The Official Rork Website

1978 comics debuts
Fantasy comics
Mystery comics
Fictional characters who use magic
Male characters in comics
Comics characters introduced in 1978
Lombard Editions titles
Radius of curvature (optics)

Radius of curvature (ROC) has specific meaning and sign convention in optical design.  A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis.  The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is the radius of curvature of the surface.  

The sign convention for the optical radius of curvature is as follows:
 If the vertex lies to the left of the center of curvature, the radius of curvature is positive.
 If the vertex lies to the right of the center of curvature, the radius of curvature is negative.

Thus when viewing a biconvex lens from the side, the left surface radius of curvature is positive, and the right radius of curvature is negative.

Note however that in areas of optics other than design, other sign conventions are sometimes used. In particular, many undergraduate physics textbooks use the Gaussian sign convention in which convex surfaces of lenses are always positive. Care should be taken when using formulas taken from different sources.

Aspheric surfaces
Optical surfaces with non-spherical profiles, such as the surfaces of aspheric lenses, also have a radius of curvature. These surfaces are typically designed such that their profile is described by the equation

where the optic axis is presumed to lie in the z direction, and  is the sag—the z-component of the displacement of the surface from the vertex, at distance  from the axis. If  and  are zero, then  is the radius of curvature and  is the conic constant, as measured at the vertex (where ). The coefficients  describe the deviation of the surface from the axially symmetric quadric surface specified by  and .

See also
Radius of curvature (applications)
Radius
Base curve radius
Cardinal point (optics)
Vergence (optics)

References

Geometrical optics
Physical optics
Optical quantities
The Nosebleed Section

"The Nosebleed Section" is a song by the Australian hip hop music group Hilltop Hoods. It was released as a radio single in 2003, and was the final single release from their 2003 album The Calling. The chorus and backing beat of "The Nosebleed Section" are sampled from the song "People in the Front Row" sung by Melanie Safka. 

The lyrics of the song deal with upbeat themes of parties, concerts, good times and living the high life involved in an MC's career. Matt Lambert (MC Suffa) said, "That was definitely a turning point for us. When Triple J started playing it, that was our break. We started getting a lot of festival gigs, show offers, stuff like that."

The song placed at number 9 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003. 

In 2009, it was voted Number 17 in the Hottest 100 of All Time, and in 2013 it was voted Number 4 in the Hottest 100 of the Past 20 Years, making it the highest-placed Australian song and the highest-placed hip-hop song in both countdowns as well as the highest-placed song from the 21st century in the former despite never being released as a physical single. 

The song appeared on the Channel 9 police drama Stingers.

Charts

Certifications

References

2003 songs
Hilltop Hoods songs
Songs written by Suffa
Songs written by MC Pressure
Obese Records singles
John Menard

John Menard may refer to:

 John Menard Jr. (born 1940), businessman
 John Willis Menard (1838–1893), politician
Double heterostructure

A double heterostructure, sometimes called double heterojunction, is formed when two semiconductor materials are grown into a "sandwich". One material (such as AlGaAs) is used for the outer layers (or cladding), and another of smaller band gap (such as GaAs) is used for the inner layer. In this example, there are two AlGaAs-GaAs junctions (or boundaries), one at each side of the inner layer. There must be two boundaries for the device to be a double heterostructure. If there was only one side of cladding material, the device would be a simple, or single, heterostructure.

The double heterostructure is a very useful structure in optoelectronic devices and has interesting electronic properties. If one of the cladding layers is p-doped, the other cladding layer n-doped and the smaller energy gap semiconductor material undoped, a p-i-n structure is formed. When a current is applied to the ends of the pin structure, electrons and holes are injected into the heterostructure. The smaller energy gap material forms energy discontinuities at the boundaries, confining the electrons and holes to the smaller energy gap semiconductor. The electrons and holes recombine in the intrinsic semiconductor emitting photons. If the width of the intrinsic region is reduced to the order of the de Broglie wavelength, the energies in the intrinsic region no longer become continuous but become discrete. (Actually, they are not continuous but the energy levels are very close together so we think of them as being continuous.) In this situation the double heterostructure becomes a quantum well.

References

Semiconductor structures
Friar Laurence

Friar Laurence or Friar Lawrence is a character in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.

Role in the play
Friar Laurence is a friar who plays the part of a wise adviser to Romeo and Juliet, along with aiding in major plot developments.

Alone, he foreshadows the later, tragic events of the play with his soliloquy about plants and their similarities to humans. When Romeo requests the Friar marry him to Juliet, he is shocked, because only days before, Romeo had been infatuated with Rosaline, a woman who did not return his love. Nevertheless, Friar Laurence decides to marry Romeo and Juliet in the attempt to stop the civil feud between the Capulets and the Montagues.

When Romeo is banished for killing Tybalt and flees to Mantua, Friar Laurence attempts to help the two lovers get back together using a potion to fake Juliet's death. The friar sends a letter to Romeo explaining the situation, but it does not reach him because the people of Mantua suspect the messenger came from a house infected with the plague, and the Friar is unable to arrive at the Capulet's monument in time. Romeo kills Count Paris, whom he finds weeping near Juliet's corpse, then commits suicide, by drinking poison that he bought from an impoverished apothecary, over what he thinks is Juliet's dead body. Friar Laurence arrives just as Juliet awakes from her chemically induced slumber. He urges Juliet not to be rash and to join a society of nuns, but he hears a noise from outside and then flees from the tomb. Juliet then kills herself with Romeo's dagger, completing the tragedy. The Friar is forced to return to the tomb, where he recounts the entire story to Prince Escalus and all the Montagues and Capulets. As he finishes, the prince proclaims, "We have still known thee for a holy man."

Metre
Shakespeare uses a variety of poetic forms throughout the play. He begins with a 14-line prologue in the form of a Shakespearean sonnet, spoken by a Chorus. Most of Romeo and Juliet is, however, written in blank verse and much of it in strict iambic pentameter, with less rhythmic variation than in most of Shakespeare's later plays. In choosing forms, Shakespeare matches the poetry to the character who uses it. Friar Laurence, for example, uses sermon and sententiae forms and the Nurse uses a unique blank verse form that closely matches colloquial speech.

Portrayals

In 1968 the part of Friar Lawrence was played by Milo O'Shea in Romeo and Juliet. In 1996, the role was played by Pete Postlethwaite in Romeo + Juliet.

The West Side Story (1961) character Doc fills a similar role to Friar Lawrence; Doc was played by Ned Glass. In the 2021 version, that role was rewritten for Rita Moreno as Doc's widow.

References

Sources

External links
 All lines spoken by Friar Laurence, Folger Shakespeare Library

Literary characters introduced in 1597
Fictional Christian monks
Fictional Italian people in literature
Male Shakespearean characters
Characters in Romeo and Juliet
Sonja Skarstedt

Sonja Skarstedt (October 2, 1960 – July 31, 2009) was a Canadian poet, short story, playwright writer, painter and illustrator. Born in Montreal, Quebec, she was the founder and former editor of the literary magazine Zymergy, 1987-1991, and founder of Empyreal Press, 1990. She graduated from McGill University with a BA in English Literature in 1982. She was married to the artist and comic book illustrator Geof Isherwood.

In 2008, Skarstedt began the first of over thirty short film productions on YouTube's Skarwood Channel.

Skarstedt died July 31, 2009 at the age of 48, 26 months after diagnosis and treatment for ovarian cancer.

Bibliography

Poetry 
Mythographies — 1990
A Demolition Symphony — 1995
Beautiful Chaos — 2000
In the House of the Sun — 2005

Drama 
Saint Francis of Esplanade — 2001

Fiction 
12 X 93 — 1993 (with Brian Busby & Robert Edison Sandiford)

Anthologies edited 
Eternal Conversations: Remembering Louis Dudek — 2003 (with Aileen Collins & Michael Gnarowski)

External links

References

1960 births
2009 deaths
Artists from Montreal
Canadian people of Norwegian descent
Canadian women short story writers
Canadian women dramatists and playwrights
Canadian women poets
Canadian women painters
McGill University alumni
Writers from Montreal
20th-century Canadian painters
21st-century Canadian painters
20th-century Canadian poets
21st-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
Reyes

Reyes (Spanish, 'kings') may refer to:

Reyes (name), including a list of people and fictional characters
 Reyes, Bolivia, city capital of the José Ballivián Province in the Beni Department 
 Reyes rendering, a computer software architecture 
 Point Reyes, a prominent cape on the Pacific coast of northern California, U.S.
 Reyes, a name for Epiphany (holiday)
 Reyes Holdings, an American food manufacturer

Other uses

See also
 De los Reyes (disambiguation)
 Reye syndrome, a brain disease
William Ross State High School

William Ross State High School is an independent public high school situated in the Townsville Suburb of Annandale, North Queensland.

William Ross has a student count from grades 7 through to 12 of close to 905 (as of 2020) students which continues to rise annually, particularly considering the school's locality for defence families.

William Ross has a large catchment area servicing the suburbs of Annandale, Stuart, Wulguru, Cluden, Serene Valley, Alligator Creek, Cungulla, Oak Valley, Woodstock, Calcium, Idalia, Oonoonba, Fairfield Waters, Rosslea, Douglas, Aitkenvale and Mundingburra.   The results of the 2019 school opinion survey showed that 98% of students agree that they are getting a good education at school with 99% of staff enjoying working at their school.

The school offers a variety of academic, art and sports programs, and offers a "leading learner" program for junior students (grade 7 to 10) .  The leading learner program extends student learning in English, Mathematics, Science and Humanities in order to better prepare them for senior school.   Students are required to sit an entrance exam during grade 6 in order to be considered for the Leading Learner classes.   Student literacy levels have been improved through a program developed by William Ross State High School in conjunction with four primary schools within its catchment area. Through the integration of primary and secondary schools the Year 6 students are able to improve their literacy levels with 85% of students maintaining or increasing their results from year 6 to 7.

The award winning STEAM Lab program is offered to all students as a co-curricular opportunity. STEAM Lab offers a range of  learning activities that have included:  QLD Human Powered Vehicle super series and the 2019 Strand Ephemera. Other science-based projects include: addressing water conservation, renewable energy and sustainable food production through the use of aquaculture, aquaponics and permaculture in their aquatics facility. In addition Mathematics and Technology combine to offer students the opportunity to develop Drone pilot skills and programming with robotics and drones.

William Ross State High School continues to offer students the "RHINOS" Sports Excellence program for junior and senior students which caters to the following sports: basketball, cricket, hockey, netball, rugby union, soccer, and touch.

Awards 
National Excellence in Teaching Award to Shelley DeRuyter for The NEiTA Award for Innovation in Online Teaching and the Terry O’Connell Regional and Remote Teachers’ Award 

Peter Doherty award for Outstanding STEM school for the state of Queensland.

Strand Ephemera "Future Astronomers Illuminated" art exhibition "The caliber of work presented at Strand Ephemera 2019 was at such high standard that the judges wished to name a Highly Commended, along with the major award winner"

References

Schools in Townsville
Public high schools in Queensland
Educational institutions established in 1991
1991 establishments in Australia
SOVA

SOVA may refer to one of the following:

KIAC School of Visual Arts, a Canadian art school whose acronym is SOVA
Slovenska Obveščevalno-Varnostna Agencija, the Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency, the central government intelligence agency in Slovenia
Soft output Viterbi algorithm, a variant of the Viterbi algorithm
SOVA, a solar monitor used on the 1992 European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) satellite
SOVA Center, a human rights NGO in Russia

See also
Sova (disambiguation)
Massachusetts Educational Theater Guild

The Massachusetts Educational Theater Guild (METG), previously known as the Massachusetts High School Drama Guild, is a theater arts located in Massachusetts supporting middle and secondary school students and teachers. METG organizes the statewide high school theatre festival in March.

History 
METG began in 1931 with the establishment of “Massachusetts Drama Day.” Four schools participated in the original competition, which was held at the old Huntington Chambers building in Copley Square in Boston. In the 1940s, the Massachusetts Secondary School Administrators Association became the educational sponsor of the state event.

1954 marked the beginning of two important corporate partnerships with the Guild: The Boston Globe became the lead patron, and John Hancock Hall became one of the Festival’s sponsors. It was also in this year that the Festival was relocated to John Hancock Hall in the Back Bay Events Center, where it has remained ever since. In 1989 the Guild’s horizons expanded with incorporation as a nonprofit organization. During the 1998-1999 school year, the Massachusetts Middle School Drama Festival, Inc. and the Massachusetts High School Drama Guild, Inc. merged. Since then the Guild has increased its membership to over 160 schools across the Commonwealth. In 2010 the name was changed to Massachusetts Educational Theater Guild.

In 2012, through the generous support of Broadway In Boston, the METG announced a new education project which offers both middle and high school members an opportunity to bring experienced adjudicators into their theaters where they will receive professional feedback on their hard work creating musical theater productions.

References

External links
 
 The 2009 State Finals Festival Video

Festivals in Massachusetts
Theatre companies in Massachusetts
Theatre festivals in the United States
James E. Fraser (historian)

James Earle Fraser (fl. 2000s) is a Canadian historian and Picticist. He is a graduate of the University of Toronto, and did masters work at the University of Guelph. He went on to do his Ph.D  on the Christianization of Fortriu and its impact of Vikings at the University of Edinburgh, and was a senior lecturer in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology until 2015.  Fraser has since returned to Canada as the Chair of the Scottish Studies Foundation at the University of Guelph.

Fraser has completed articles on various dark age topics, including St Ninian and Adomnán's Vita Sancti Columbae. He has published two books relating to Pictish and northern British warfare, and wrote the first volume in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland series, titled From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 (EUP, 2009).

Select bibliography

The Battle of Dunnichen 685, (Stroud: Tempus, 2002)
The Roman Conquest of Scotland: the battle of Mons Graupius AD 84, (Stroud: Tempus, 2005)
From Caledonia to Pictland : Scotland to 795 (Edinburgh: EUP, 2009)

References

External links
University of Guelph faculty profile: James E. Fraser

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Celtic studies scholars
Picts
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People associated with the University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology
University of Guelph alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Writers from Ontario
Anthony Thomopoulos

Anthony Denis "Tony" Thomopoulos () is an American motion picture and television executive. Thomopoulos spent 12 years of his career at ABC, moving progressively from Vice President of Prime Time Programs, to President of ABC Entertainment, to President of ABC Broadcast Group.

Biography
The son of Greek immigrants, he grew up in the Bronx. His father owned a restaurant. Tony was raised in the Greek Orthodox Church. After a high school aptitude test marked Thomopoulos as a potential diplomat, he applied to Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. There, he developed an interest in business instead. After graduating, he worked as a mail clerk at NBC's New York headquarters.

Business career
In 1973, Barry Diller hired Thomopoulos at ABC to oversee prime-time programming. He was noted, among other things, for the tough position he took in dealing with the contract holdout of Suzanne Somers on the hit ABC show Three's Company, and for his quick cancellation of the 1982 cult favorite Police Squad!, explaining that the show had been cancelled because, among other reasons, "it required constant attention". In June 1983, he was named president of the broadcast group. He resigned as president in 1985 and became chairman of United Artists Pictures, where he supervised such productions as Betrayed, Baby Boom, and The Living Daylights. In 1989, Thomopoulos formed Thomopoulos Productions, an independent production company of both motion pictures and television programs.

From 1991 to 1995, he was President of Amblin Television, a division of Amblin Entertainment. He was responsible for the original placement of NBC's highly acclaimed program ER, in addition to several other successful series on network television.  In 1995, Thomopoulos joined International Family Entertainment, Inc. (IFE). His responsibilities included all aspects of programming for The Family Channel. He was named CEO of MTM Entertainment, Inc., a subsidiary of IFE, and was also responsible for all aspects of MTM Television and MTM Distribution.

Thomopoulos was chairman and CEO of artist Thomas Kinkade's Media Arts Group from June 2001 to January 2004. He subsequently founded Morning Light Productions.

Personal life 
Thomopoulos's first marriage ended in 1983 after 22 years, and produced three children. In 1985, he married television host Cristina Ferrare. They have two children. As of 2011, they lived in California.

References

External links
 
 Witness to History: Anthony “Tony” Thomopoulos (F’59), Georgetown University interview, November 12, 2008 (video)

Living people
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
American people of Greek descent
People from the Bronx
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American media executives
American Broadcasting Company executives
Presidents of American Broadcasting Company Entertainment
Tafjord

Tafjord is a village in Fjord Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is in a valley located at the end of the Tafjorden, about  southeast of the municipal centre of Sylte, and just west of the borders of Reinheimen National Park. In the park, the mountains Tordsnose, Karitinden, and Puttegga all lie about  to the southeast of Tafjord in the Tafjordfjella mountain range.

The village is very isolated and (other than by boat) the only way into the valley is by road from the village of Sylte. The road is composed almost entirely of two tunnels through the very steep mountains along the edge of the Tafjorden: the  Heggur Tunnel and the  long Skjegghammar Tunnel.

Climate
The weather station in Tafjord have been recording since 1925, and holds the record for the warmest temperature in Norway in November at . The January record  was earlier a national record until it was beaten in 2020. These warm temperatures in winter and late autumn are primarily due to foehn wind. In April 1937, the monthly mean was  in Tafjord, the warmest April recorded in Norway.

Tafjord avalanch disaster
On 7 April 1934, a rockslide of about  of rock fell off the mountain Langhamaren from a height of about . The rock landed in the Tafjorden which created a local tsunami which killed 34 people living on the shore of the fjord. The waves reached a height of  near the landslide, about  at Sylte, and about  at Tafjord. It was one of the worst natural disasters in Norway in the 20th century.

References

Villages in Møre og Romsdal
Fjord (municipality)