alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Rivermark of Santa Clara

Rivermark of Santa Clara is a master-planned community in Santa Clara, California. built on a  parcel formerly owned by the State of California and previously used by Agnews Developmental Center.  The community comprises retail space, parks, school, library, apartments, condominiums, townhouses, and houses (detached single-family homes). The Rivermark area has been described as "upscale", with many young professionals and families as residents.

Area and composition
The area associated with the community is bordered on the south by Montague Expressway, south and west by Agnew Road, west by Lafayette Street, north by Hope Drive, and east by the Guadalupe River.  The area includes the Rivermark Village retail center, and the housing developments including The Arbors by Centex, The Park by Centex, The Promenade by Lennar, The Greens by Lennar, The Landings by Shea, The Glen by Shea, and 550 Moreland.  The Mansion Grove Apartments (on Lick Mill Boulevard) are not included in Rivermark of Santa Clara.

History
In 1998 the Agnews Developmental Center closed its west campus, on which site Rivermark was later developed.  In September, 2000 the City of Santa Clara approved the Rivermark developers’ plans.  In 2002 three builders started building new housing developments on land directly bordering the Guadalupe River in Santa Clara, California as part of the Rivermark Master Plan Development.

Since that time, developers have won several national design awards for their contributions to various facets of Rivermark, including Grand Award for Master Planned Project of the Year (2004) and Grand and Merit Award from Builder magazine in 2003.

On March 29, 2009, a home within the Rivermark area was the site of a murder-suicide that was the worst incident of domestic violence in the city's history.  Devan Kalathat shot several members of his immediate and extended family, killing three children and three adults and leaving his wife in critical condition, before killing himself.

After the controversy of building the Northside Library, a library that was part of North Santa Clara development for many years, the library opened on August 9, 2014.  Redevelopment agency funding that was used to build the library was challenged by the County of Santa Clara and the State of California.  Advocacy on the part of the Santa Clara Library Foundation and Friends, the Rivermark community and Assemblyman Bob Wieckowski was a success in opening this long-awaited library that is used by many.  

Rivermark represents a significant portion of the City of Santa Clara's push for growth since 2000, having contributed to the citywide demographic shifts from half white to minority-majority within the following decade.

See also
 Agnew's Village, California

References

Santa Clara, California
Cities in Santa Clara County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Planned communities in California
News of the World (song)

"News of the World" is a single by British group The Jam released on 3 March 1978. The single reached No. 27 in the UK Singles Chart.  "Aunties and Uncles (Impulsive Youths)" and "Innocent Man" appeared as its B-sides. The title refers to the former British tabloid newspaper, News of the World.

"News of the World" is not included on any of the band's studio albums.  It was written and sung by bass guitarist Bruce Foxton rather than the band's usual frontman Paul Weller.  It was the only Jam single to be written by Foxton apart from "Funeral Pyre" which was co-written by all three band members.

The video for the single was filmed on the roof of Battersea Power Station in Battersea, London.

The song was used as the theme tune for the British satirical panel game Mock the Week.

Track listing

References

1978 singles
The Jam songs
Songs written by Bruce Foxton
1978 songs
Polydor Records singles
Comedy television theme songs
Television game show theme songs
Fining

Fining may refer to:

 Finings, additives to beer or wine, see also fining
 Fining, metallurgy process done in a finery forge
 Fining, glass production process, also called refining

See also
Fine (disambiguation)
 Finery (disambiguation)
Temperature Rising

Temperature Rising may refer to:

Temperature Rising (album), a 2006 album by Tata Young
Temperature's Rising, an album by Loverboy
"Temperature's Rising" (song), a 1995 song by Mobb Deep from The Infamous
Temperatures Rising, an American television situation comedy
Bogdan Tirnanić

Bogdan Tirnanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Богдан Тирнанић) (September 14, 1941 – January 16, 2009) was one of the most prominent Serbian journalists, essayists and movie critics. He was born in Belgrade, Serbia. He wrote columns for some of the most popular newspapers in the SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia, including Politika, Borba, NIN, Dnevni telegraf etc.  He was awarded some of the most important awards in Yugoslav and Serbian journalism, such as Croatian Veselko Tenžera award.

His career also includes notable appearances in popular Serbian movies Early Works ("Rani radovi") and The Black Bomber (Crni bombarder). He was a member of the managing board of the football club Red Star Belgrade. He died in Belgrade in January 2009.

Personal
Tirnanić's first cousin once removed (colloquially: "uncle") was Yugoslav football icon Aleksandar Tirnanić. He was married to Serbian actress :sr:Dara Džokić, they have one daughter together.

External links

1941 births
2009 deaths
Journalists from Belgrade
Yugoslav journalists
20th-century journalists
Peg Powler

Peg Powler is a hag and water spirit in English folklore who inhabits the River Tees. Similar to the Grindylow, Jenny Greenteeth, and Nelly Longarms, she drags children into the water if they get too close to the edge. She is regarded as a bogeyman figure who is invoked by parents to frighten children into proper behavior. The 19th century folklorist William Henderson describes Peg Powler as having green hair and "an insatiable desire for human life" and she is said to lure people into the river to drown or be devoured. The foam or froth which is often seen floating on certain parts of the Tees is called "Peg Powler's suds" or "Peg Powler's cream".

A similar creature named Nanny Powler is said to haunt the River Skerne, a tributary of the Tees. Michael Denham regards her as either the sister or daughter of Peg Powler.

Elliott O'Donnell paints a somewhat different picture of Peg Powler in his 1924 book Ghosts, Helpful and Harmful. He describes her as a spirit who lures men and boys to their doom in the River Tees by appearing as a beautiful young woman with green hair and pretending to drown so that her victim will enter the water in an attempt to save her. She may even appear on land on foggy nights and lead men astray until they stumble into the river. The Peg Powler myth is at the heart of the novel Ironopolis by Glen James Brown.

References

County Durham folklore
English legendary characters
Female legendary creatures
Northumbrian folklore
Water spirits
Hags
Bogeymen
Down in the Tube Station at Midnight

"Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" is a single by the Jam, and was the second single from their third album, All Mod Cons. Released in October 1978, it reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was backed by a cover version of the Who's song "So Sad About Us", and the song "The Night", written by Bruce Foxton.

Production
Originally, Paul Weller had wanted to exclude the song from the All Mod Cons album, on the grounds that the arrangement had not sufficiently developed during the recording sessions. He was persuaded to include it by the record's producer Vic Coppersmith-Heaven.

Lyrical theme and musical composition
The song tells the story of an unnamed narrator travelling on his own who enters a London Underground tube station at midnight to get the last train home, where he is attacked by a gang of men who 'smell like pubs, and Wormwood Scrubs, and too many right-wing meetings' as he buys a ticket from an automated machine. The song starts with the atmospheric sounds of a London Underground station, then a tense, syncopated beat carried by the bass guitar. The lyrics are sentimental, contrasting the warmth of home and domestic life with the dangers of 1970s London's urban decay and casual late-night violence. Tension is heightened by a heartbeat audio effect in the left stereo channel at points during the song.

The sound of an Underground train at the beginning and end of the song was recorded at St John's Wood Station.

Cover art
The front cover photograph was taken at Bond Street tube station, on the westbound Central line. On the back cover was a portrait photograph of Keith Moon who had died a month prior to the single's release. The Who's "So Sad About Us" was included as a tribute to Moon.

Certifications

References

1978 singles
The Jam songs
Songs about London
Songs written by Paul Weller
1978 songs
Song recordings produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven
Polydor Records singles
Manfred IV of Saluzzo

Manfred IV (died 1330) was the fifth marquess of Saluzzo from 1296, the son of Thomas I and Luisa of Ceva.

Biography
Manfred forced the commune of Saluzzo (granted it by his father) to sign a contract regulating the relations between the city, its podestà, and the marquess.

Manfred also continued his father's extension of the margravial territory, mostly through annexations of land and castles. On 27 August 1305, Manfred paid fealty to Amadeus V of Savoy for the Marquisate of Saluzzo. In 1322, in return for reorganising the debts of the Del Carretto family, he obtained the castles of Cairo Montenotte, Rocchetta and Cortemilia.

By his first marriage, to Beatrix of Sicily, daughter of Manfred of Sicily and Helena Angelina Doukaina, Manfred had one son, Frederick. However, he fell under the influence of his second wife, Isabella Doria, by whom he had three children (Manfred, Theodore and Boniface), and tried to appoint his second-eldest son Manfred to the succession. This precipitated a civil war after his death in 1330 that lasted until 29 July 1332, when the throne was ceded to Frederick.

Marriages and children
Manfred IV married, firstly, Beatrix of Sicily, daughter of Manfred of Sicily and Helena Angelina Doukaina. They had two children:

Frederick I of Saluzzo
Caterina of Saluzzo. Married William Enganna, Lord of the Barge

He married, secondly, Isabella Doria, daughter of Bernabo Doria and Eleonora Fieschi. Her parents were patricians of the Republic of Genoa. They had four children:

Manfred V of Saluzzo
Boniface of Saluzzo
Theodore of Saluzzo
Eleonora of Saluzzo. Married Oddone I, Marquess of Ceva

He also had an illegitimate daughter, Elinda of Saluzzo.

Notes

References

Sources

External links

|-

13th-century births
1330 deaths
Marquesses of Saluzzo
Aleramici
Newlands Girls' School

Newlands Girls' School is a girls' secondary school and sixth form located in Maidenhead, Berkshire, England.

History
It was founded as Maidenhead High School in 1905 by its first Headmistress, Mary Burn, moved to The Castle Hill Centre (then called The Elms) in 1907 and in 1959 moved to Farm Road, where it still stands today.

The school was renamed Newlands School in 1973 when it converted to comprehensive schooling. In September 1999 the school became a community school and was renamed to Newlands Girls' School. In 2002 the school achieved the status of a Technology College and the Sportsmark Award. In 2004 it was then awarded the Artsmark Award. The school celebrated its centenary in 2005 after being established for 100 years.

In October 2015 Newlands Girls' School converted to academy status.

Alumni
The trade unionist and feminist Dorothy Elliott attended the County Girls’ school, Maidenhead before she took modern languages at the University of Reading graduating in 1916. Elliott went on to take a leading role in establishing better wages for women.

References

External links
Newlands Girls' School

Girls' schools in Berkshire
Secondary schools in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
Academies in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
Training schools in England
Educational institutions established in 1905
1905 establishments in England
Central Hockey League (disambiguation)

Several North American ice hockey leagues operated under the Central Hockey League name in the 20th and 21st centuries:

Defunct leagues
 Central Hockey League (1925–1926) (later the American Hockey Association), a semi-professional league
 Central Hockey League (1931–1935), a minor professional league
 Central Hockey League (1951–1960), a senior amateur league
 Central Hockey League (1963–1984), a minor professional league, formerly the "Central Professional Hockey League"
 Central Hockey League (1992–2014), a minor professional league
 USA Central Hockey League (2018), a junior league based in the southwest United States

See also
 Central Canada Hockey League, a junior league based in Eastern Ontario known as the Central Hockey League in 2010–2011
 CHL (disambiguation)
The Ghosts That Haunt Me

The Ghosts That Haunt Me is the 1991 debut album by the Canadian folk rock group Crash Test Dummies. It featured their hit "Superman's Song".

The artwork featured on the cover, and throughout the liner notes, is by 19th-century illustrator Gustav Doré and is from 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The same painting would later be used for black metal band Judas Iscariot's final album To Embrace the Corpses Bleeding in 2002.

The artworks on the booklet of the album are by 19th-century illustrator Gustav Doré and are from 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, except "The Flying Man" by French novelist Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne, from 'The Discovery of the Austral Continent by a Flying Man', 1781.

Track listing

Personnel
Brad Roberts – lead vocals, acoustic and electric guitars
Ellen Reid – piano, keyboards, accordion, tin whistle, backing vocals
Benjamin Darvill – mandolin, harmonica
Dan Roberts – bass guitar
Vince Lambert – drums
Steve Berlin – percussion
Bob Doige – recorder on "At My Funeral"
Greg Leisz – pedal steel on "The Voyage"
Garth Reid – banjo on "Comin' Back Soon"
Lynn Selwood – cello on "Superman's Song"
Bill Zulak – violin on "Winter Song", "The Country Life" and "At My Funeral".

Reception

Allmusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave it 3½ out of 5 stars and called it "a fine debut album by the ever-smug, collegiate, folk-pop humorists."

References

External links

Crash Test Dummies albums
1991 debut albums
Strange Town

"Strange Town" is a 1979 single by the Jam. The single was released on 9 March 1979 and reached No. 15 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 April.
In 1983 it was certified Silver for 250,000 sales 

This single, backed by the Paul Weller-penned "The Butterfly Collector", only appeared on one of the band's studio albums, the Canadian Polydor pressing of Setting Sons. "Strange Town" also appears on the greatest hits album Snap! "The Butterfly Collector" also appears in the 1996 The Jam Collection compilation album as well as on Snap!

The start of the promotional video for the single was filmed at the entrance to the underground section of London Victoria station.

US release
The single was also released in the US in May 1979, as Polydor #14553. However, for the American release "The Butterfly Collector" was catalogued as the A-side. The single did not chart in the States. Pressings were issued on both see-through gold vinyl and standard black vinyl. The latter appears to be the less common variety, but neither edition is rare. Other than colour, there is no difference between the two issues. There was no picture sleeve for the US issue. Gold vinyl issues were packaged in a clear plastic sleeve. Black vinyl issues were marketed in standard Polydor house sleeves.

"The Butterfly Collector"
The B-side, which Paul Weller wrote about NME music journalist Julie Burchill, was covered by Noel Gallagher with Weller at a Teenage Cancer Trust gig at the Royal Albert Hall in 2007. This track was also included on a CD of songs given away with the 15 March 2009 edition of The Sunday Times. It has also been covered by Garbage as a b-side of the "Queer" single: that version was later included on the tribute album, Fire & Skill: The Songs of the Jam.

Reception
The song was ranked at number five among the top "Tracks of the Year" for 1979 by NME. In a 2015 interview granted to Radio X, Paul Weller opined "Strange Town" as one of the three best songs he has written in his entire career.

Track listing
A. "Strange Town" – 3:48
B. "The Butterfly Collector" – 3:11

References

1979 singles
The Jam songs
Songs written by Paul Weller
Polydor Records singles
1979 songs
Song recordings produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven
Janowska

Janowska is a feminine version of the Polish surname Janowski. Janowska may also refer to the following places in Poland:
Janowska concentration camp, a Nazi Germany labor and extermination camp in occupied Poland
Huta Janowska, a village in Gmina Pabianice, Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship
Kolonia Janowska, a settlement in Gmina Pyzdry, Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
MacMahon family

The MacMahon family originated in Ireland and later established itself in France, where it gained prominence. In the context of French nobility, the head of the family holds the titles of Duc de Magenta and Marquis de MacMahon.

History 
John MacMahon (1715–1775), an Irish doctor born in Limerick, became naturalised in France in 1749 and married Charlotte Le Belin, Dame d'Éguilly, on 13 April 1750. That same year, King Louis XV of France created him Count d'Equilly. In 1763, John MacMahon further received the title of Marquis d'Éguilly. His son, the 2nd Marquis, served in the American War of Independence, including on the frigate Aigle which the British captured on 15 September 1782. The senior line of the MacMahon family continued until the death of the 5th Marquis in 1894.

Patrice de MacMahon, a grandson of the first Marquis from the MacMahon family's younger line, served with distinction as a general in the Crimean War of 1853–56 and later in the Austro-Sardinian War of 1859, winning the Battle of Magenta on 4 June 1859. The following day Emperor Napoleon III created him Duc de Magenta. Later he became President of the French Republic, serving from 1873 to 1879.

At the 1st Duc de Magenta's death in 1893, his titles passed to his eldest son Armand de MacMahon (1855–1927), who in 1894 also succeeded as 6th Marquis d'Eguilly, thus uniting the titles held by the senior and the younger lines of the MacMahon family. The title of Marquis d'Eguilly was later changed to Marquis de MacMahon.

The family seat of the de MacMahon family was the  in Montcresson in the Loiret department of north-central France (where the 1st Duke died) but, after 1894, they inherited the current family seat, the Château de Sully in Sully in the Saone-et-Loire department.

Marquises d'Éguilly (1763)
The holders of the title of Marquis d'Éguilly have included:
Jean Baptiste MacMahon, 1st Marquis d'Éguilly (1715–1775)
 (1752-1830)
Charles Marie MacMahon, 3rd Marquis d'Éguilly (1793–1845)
Charles Henri MacMahon, 4th Marquis d'Éguilly (1828–1863)
Charles Marie MacMahon, 5th Marquis d'Éguilly (1856–1894)
Marie Armand Patrice MacMahon, 2nd Duc de Magenta, 6th Marquis d'Éguilly (1855–1927); he had previously succeeded as 2nd Duc de Magenta (see below)

Dukes of Magenta (1859)
The holders of the title of Duc de Magenta have included:
Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon, 1st Duc de Magenta (1808–1893)
Marie Armand Patrice MacMahon, 2nd Duc de Magenta, 6th Marquis d'Éguilly/de MacMahon (1855-1927)
Maurice de MacMahon, 3rd Duc de Magenta, 7th Marquis de MacMahon (1903–1954)
Philippe de MacMahon, 4th Duc de Magenta, 8th Marquis de MacMahon (1938–2002)
Maurice de MacMahon, 5th Duc de Magenta, 9th Marquis de MacMahon (born 1992)

See also
 Conte di Magenta, an Italian noble title

Sources

 
 
 
Magenta
William Owen (Royal Navy officer, born 1737)

Captain William Owen (1737–1778) was a Welsh naval officer. Born in Glan Severn, Montgomeryshire, Wales, of a family of gentry, he was youngest son of David Owen of Cefn Hafod, Montgomeryshire.

He was a member of the Royal Navy and lost his right arm from a wound suffered during the Seven Years' War off Pondicherry when supporting the British East India Company forces in 1760.  Not content with the half pension he was receiving, he served as an impress officer. After the war, Owen contacted a former fellow officer, Lord William Campbell, who had recently been appointed governor of Nova Scotia. Late in 1766, Owen travelled with Campbell to Halifax. The following year, as payment for his work in aid of Campbell, he was awarded a large parcel of land. The grant, which included three of his nephews as grantees, was Passamaquoddy Outer Island in Passamaquoddy Bay. In 1770, Owen renamed the island Campobello Island after Lord Campbell; he also took into account the Italian meaning, "fair field", of the new name.

In the 1770s, Owen wrote a volume of 'Narratives' which was subsequently published in 1942 and which covers the creation of Campobello in Canada.

In England, Owen spent some time in Shrewsbury, where he was sworn a freeman of borough on 5 October 1764, and, by then a captain in the navy, served as Mayor in 1775–76, following which he returned to service in India.
Owen was killed, accidentally, in Madras, India while carrying dispatches from India to England.

Owen left on his death two surviving natural sons via Sarah Haslam (latter named Sarah Bagshaw).  His eldest son was Edward William Campbell Rich Owen and his younger son was William Fitzwilliam Owen.  The latter became sole owner of Campobello Island in 1835 and settled there.

References

External links 
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 The Journal of Captain William Owen

1737 births
1778 deaths
Mayors of places in Shropshire
Royal Navy officers
Welsh naval officers
Accidental deaths in India
Frederick I of Saluzzo

Frederick I (1287–1336) was the seventh Marquess of Saluzzo from 1330 until his death.

He was the eldest son of Manfred IV of Saluzzo by his first wife Beatrice, daughter of King Manfred of Sicily.

He was overlooked by his father, who appointed his younger half-brother, by second wife Isabella Doria, Manfred, as his successor.  A civil war broke out on the elder Manfred's death in 1330 and for two years the brothers fought each other over the margravial throne.  With the help of the intercession of his cousin, Amadeus VI of Savoy, he was recognised as sole margrave on 29 July 1332.  He was only margrave for four years before he died and was succeeded by his son, Thomas.

Marriage and children
He married first Margaret, daughter of Humbert I of Viennois. They had two children:

Thomas II of Saluzzo.
An unnamed daughter Married Pietro Cambiano, Lord of Ruffia.

He married secondly Giacomina of Biandrete. She was a daughter of William, Lord of San Giorgio. They had no known children:

He also had an illegitimate son, Giacomo, Lord of Brondello.

External links

1287 births
1336 deaths
Frederick 1
Aleramici
Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden

The Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden (0.3 acres) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Shadyside section is a Biblical botanical garden.

Opened and free to the public since 1987 from June 1 through September 15. It was founded by Rabbi Walter Jacob and his wife horticulturalist Irene Jacob. It now displays more than 100 plants once grown in ancient Israel, including cedars, dates, figs, olives, and pomegranates. All are labeled with biblical verses, or their biblical name. The garden also includes a waterfall, desert, and a representation of the Jordan River from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.  It produces a new show on ancient Near Eastern horticulture each summer.

The garden is on the grounds of the Rodef Shalom Congregation, which houses Western Pennsylvania's oldest Jewish congregation, dating back to the 1840s.

See also 

 List of botanical gardens in the United States

References

External links
 
 Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden

Botanical gardens in Pennsylvania
Culture of Pittsburgh
Urban public parks
Urban forests in the United States
Geography of Pittsburgh
Parks in Pittsburgh
When You're Young (The Jam song)

"When You're Young" was the eighth single released by the Jam. The single was released on 17 August 1979, and charted at number 17 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 September. The B-Side of the single, "Smithers-Jones", is a guitar-based recording of this song, as opposed to the all-strings arrangement composed at the suggestion of the band's drummer, Rick Buckler, and included on their fourth album, Setting Sons.

Release
"When You're Young" was not included upon any of the Jam's albums at the time of their original release, although both tracks ("When You're Young" and "Smithers-Jones") were included as bonus tracks upon the 2001 re-release of Setting Sons. In addition, the song has been included upon several Jam compilation albums, including The Very Best of The Jam.

The single's promotional video was filmed in Queens Park, North West London.

B-side

"Smithers-Jones", written by Bruce Foxton, was the B-side of "When You're Young". It was re-worked with an all-strings arrangement at the suggestion of the band's drummer, Rick Buckler, for inclusion in the band's fourth album Setting Sons released in November 1979. It has been considered to be Foxton's finest songwriting contribution to The Jam, with the lyrical inspiration drawing from Foxton's own father who had decided to retire upon being made redundant.

References

1979 singles
1979 songs
Polydor Records singles
Song recordings produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven
Songs written by Paul Weller
The Jam songs
Ellis Park Stadium disaster

The Ellis Park Stadium disaster was a crowd crush that occurred on 11 April 2001, claiming the lives of 43 people. Surpassing the Oppenheimer Stadium disaster, it became the worst sporting accident in South African history. Spectators poured into the Ellis Park Stadium in the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, for the local Soweto derby association football match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. There was a 60,000 capacity crowd in the stadium, but reports suggest a further 30,000 more fans were trying to gain entry to the stadium. Reports also suggest that 120,000 fans were admitted into the stadium. An Orlando Pirates equaliser sparked a further surge by the fans trying to gain entry as they scrambled to see what had happened. The match was stopped after approximately 34 minutes of play when authorities received an unusually high volume of reported injuries.

Incident
As the crowd surged to gain seats and see the pitch, they overspilled into press boxes, and 43 people were crushed to death. Apparently untrained security guards firing tear gas at the stampeding fans exacerbated the situation, and may have been the cause of some of the deaths. The South African Police Services denied these claims. The final inquiry into the incident concluded that a major cause was bribed security personnel admitting fans without tickets into the stadium and poor crowd control.

When it became apparent what had happened, the match was halted and the crowd was dispersed. The bodies were laid out on the pitch for identification and medical attention, but none were revived. This was the worst sporting accident in South African history, surpassing the Oppenheimer Stadium disaster in 1991. This mirrored the Ellis Park Stadium disaster as it involved the same two teams. Forty-two people died then in a stampede after too many fans were admitted to Oppenheimer Stadium in Orkney, a mining town some  from Johannesburg.

See also 

 Crowd collapses and crushes

References

External links
 
South African press
BBC coverage

Sport in Johannesburg
Human stampedes in 2001
Stadium disasters
Man-made disasters in South Africa
Soccer in South Africa
Kaizer Chiefs F.C.
Orlando Pirates F.C.
Sport
2000–01 in South African soccer
Association football controversies
21st century in Johannesburg
April 2001 events in Africa
2001 disasters in South Africa
Manfred V of Saluzzo

Manfred V was marquess of Saluzzo from 1330 and 1332, and later usurper from 1341–1342.

He was the second son of Manfred IV of Saluzzo and first by his second wife, Isabella Doria.  The influence of his mother at court caused his father to appoint him to succeed him as sixth marquess of Saluzzo.  However, on the elder Manfred's death in 1330, his eldest son, Frederick, contested the throne and a civil war broke out.  Through the intercession of Frederick's cousin, Amadeus VI of Savoy, Manfred was forced, after being caught in a sex scandal with his own mother,  to cede the throne to his brother in 1334.

After the death of Frederick in 1336, Manfred declared war on the legitimate heir, his young nephew Thomas II. His army was mostly composed by Angevin mercenaries. In 1341, after a short siege, Saluzzo surrendered and his troops sacked it, destroying also the castle. Thomas was imprisoned.

However, when the fortunes of Manfred's protector Robert of Anjou, King of Naples, declined after the battle of Gamenario, he was compelled by the Viscontis to abandon Saluzzo in 1342. He died in Pavia in 1392 and was buried in the church of San Francesco.

References

Manfred 5
14th-century deaths
Aleramici
Year of birth unknown
Mesoamerican world tree

World trees are a prevalent motif occurring in the mythical cosmologies, creation accounts, and iconographies of the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica. In the Mesoamerican context, world trees embodied the four cardinal directions, which also serve to represent the fourfold nature of a central world tree, a symbolic axis mundi which connects the planes of the Underworld and the sky with that of the terrestrial realm.

Depictions of world trees, both in their directional and central aspects, are found in the art and mythological traditions of cultures such as the Maya, Aztec, Izapan, Mixtec, Olmec, and others, dating to at least the Mid/Late Formative periods of Mesoamerican chronology. Among the Maya, the central world tree was conceived as or represented by a ceiba tree, and is known variously as a wacah chan or yax imix che, depending on the Mayan language. The trunk of the tree could also be represented by an upright caiman, whose skin evokes the tree's spiny trunk.

Directional world trees are also associated with the four Yearbearers in Mesoamerican calendars, and the directional colors and deities. Mesoamerican codices which have this association outlined include the Dresden, Borgia and Fejérváry-Mayer codices. It is supposed that Mesoamerican sites and ceremonial centers frequently had actual trees planted at each of the four cardinal directions, representing the quadripartite concept.

Izapa Stela 5 is considered a possible representation of a World Tree, as is the tree on Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal's sarcophagus at Palenque.

World trees are frequently depicted with birds in their branches, and their roots extending into earth or water (sometimes atop a "water-monster", symbolic of the underworld).

The central world tree has also been interpreted as a representation of the band of the Milky Way.

See also

Notes

References 

 
 
 "Art 347L Mesoamerican Art Syllabus: West Mexico", accessed April 2008.
 McDonald, J. Andrew. “DECIPHERING THE SYMBOLS AND SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE MAYA WORLD TREE”. In: Ancient Mesoamerica 27, no. 2 (2016): 333–59. doi:10.1017/S0956536116000249.

Trees in mythology
World tree
Religious cosmologies
Bysen

Bysen () is a legendary gnome-like creature that haunts the woods of the island of Gotland, Sweden.

Bysen carries an axe. He is said to have committed a crime and condemned to walk the Earth forever. He attracts people, making them get lost. Often he meddles with foresters, delays their transports, and tips loads of timber over. He often interferes with men in other ways and is accused of all sorts of mischief. Bysen often appears as a stump or an insignificant, little, grey man. Sometimes he wears a red woven cap and an axe because one of his tasks is to cut down Gotland's forest. This goes slowly, however, and sometimes only one tree per century is felled. It's said Bysen is a humanoid who has done some crime within his lifetime and is therefore sentenced to wander the Earth forever. Bysen is also the ward of the forest and nature.

Similar to the Deildegast from Norwegian folklore, some sources say that Bysen are deceased people who have cheated other men out of their land by moving the markers that separated two holdings. As punishment, they get no peace in the grave and are doomed to go along the faulty border, moving the sticks on the wrong land. As they walk, you can hear them mumble, "This is right, this is wrong", while moving the markers. If a human follows Bysen and moves the wrongly placed sticks to the right places, then Bysen will gain peace. On the Swedish mainland the counterpart to Bysen is called skälvrängare or osaliga lantmätare (approximately: unholy landsurveyor).

If Bysen catches sight of you where you are in the forest, he will enchant your vision so that you can not find him again. What returns one's vision to normal is to turn a garment crooked.

Etymology and spelling
The word bys most likely comes from the Swedish word bus, which means mischief or prank.

Its declinations in Swedish with English translations:

References

Gotland
Scandinavian legendary creatures
Scandinavian folklore
Swedish  folklore
Forest spirits
Gnomes
Sampo Karjalainen

Sampo Karjalainen (born May 2, 1977) is one of the original founders of Sulake and Habbo Hotel, an online social networking video game aimed at teenagers. Sampo has also been in other projects, including Bobba Bar for iPhone. Karjalainen is now the designer, chief executive officer, and co-founder of ProtoGeo Inc., the creators of the Moves fitness tracker app for iOS.

Projects 
1994: To the Point
1998: Satama Interactive
2000: Ego Taivas media lab
2000: Sulake

References 

1977 births
Finnish computer programmers
Finnish businesspeople
Living people
Habbo
Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain

The Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain () is an A5 softback book produced in 2003 by the Botanical Society of the British Isles. It attempts to present a complete picture of the vice-county distribution of vascular plant species in Great Britain, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. Its compilers were C. A. Stace, R. G. Ellis, D. H. Kent and D. J. McCosh.


Contents of the catalogue
An introduction explains the purpose of the book, the history of vice-county catalogues in Britain and Ireland, the development of the 2003 work, and the rationale for recording using vice-counties and the merits of this compared with grid-square recording.

The bulk of the book (380 pages) consists of the census catalogue itself. This is presented as a list of taxa, in systematic order, with, for each taxon a list of the vice-counties in which it has been recorded. Vice-county numbers rather than names are used, in order to make efficient use of space. For each vice-county in which a taxon has been recorded, the status (native, archaeophyte, neophyte or casual) in that vice-county is indicated (through the use of different typefaces). A distinction is made between two time-periods: (i) taxa recorded since 1970 and still believed to be extant in the vice-county and (ii) taxa which have not been recorded since 1970 or which have and which are known to be extinct in that vice-county.

The catalogue contains separate entries for every species (including microspecies for all apomictic groups), as well as separate entries for all subspecies and interspecific hybrids. In total 4880 taxa are listed.

Previous catalogue; criticism
The most recent publication dealing with this subject prior to the 2003 work was the Comital Flora of the British Isles by G. C. Druce, which was published in 1932.

The comprehensiveness of the work has been questioned by Hannah (2005), citing the Clyde Isles (vice-county 100), where he was able to trace 166 species for which there are records which he believed to be reliable, but which are not among the 891 listed for that vice-county.

Errata
An errata list, correcting entries for 29 taxa, was published in BSBI News no. 97 p. 60

See also
 List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland

References

External links
 An online version of the catalogue

Florae (publication)
Botany in Europe
.
The Eton Rifles

"The Eton Rifles" is a song written by Paul Weller. It was recorded by The Jam, and was the only song to be released as a single from that group's album Setting Sons. Released on 26 October 1979, it became the band's first top-ten hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 3. This is the only official Jam single for which a video was not recorded.

The song was recorded at Townhouse Studios, and produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven and The Jam. The single's B-side is "See-Saw".

Background 
Eton College is a famous English public school located in Berkshire, and is regarded as the epitome of Britain's privileged elite. Their cadet corps is the Eton College Combined Cadet Force, founded in 1860 as the Eton College Rifle Corps.

The lyrics recount the difficulties faced by the unemployed and lower-paid working class in protesting against a system stacked against them.

David Cameron 
In May 2008, Conservative leader and Old Etonian David Cameron named "The Eton Rifles" as one of his favourite songs. Cameron is reported to have said, "I was one, in the corps. It meant a lot, some of those early Jam albums we used to listen to. I don't see why the left should be the only ones allowed to listen to protest songs." Cameron's praise for the song earned a scathing rejection from Paul Weller, who said, "Which part of it didn't he get? It wasn't intended as a fucking jolly drinking song for the cadet corps."

In November 2011, The Guardian music critic Alexis Petridis questioned Cameron further:You said the Jam's song Eton Rifles was important to you when you were at Eton. Paul Weller, who wrote the song, was pretty incredulous to hear this, and claimed you couldn't have understood the lyrics. What did you think that song was about at the time? Be honest.
Cameron replied:I went to Eton in 1979, which was the time when the Jam, the Clash, the Sex Pistols were producing some amazing music and everyone liked the song because of the title. But of course I understood what it was about. It was taking the mick out of people running around the cadet force. And he was poking a stick at us. But it was a great song with brilliant lyrics. I've always thought that if you can only like music if you agree with the political views of the person who wrote it, well, it'd be rather limiting.

In 1977, Weller had stated in the New Musical Express that people should vote for the Conservatives, a comment intended to shock and which later came back to haunt him during his long involvement with the Labour Party initiative Red Wedge. He added:I think I have pretty much nailed where I was at to the mast. But people come to gigs for different reasons: it isn't necessarily about what the person on stage is singing. But at the same time, you do think, "Well, maybe this'll change their minds."

Legacy
The song was ranked at number one among the top "Tracks of the Year" for 1979 by NME. In 2022, it was included in the list "The story of NME in 70 (mostly) seminal songs", at number 16.

References

1979 singles
1979 songs
Polydor Records singles
Song recordings produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven
Songs written by Paul Weller
The Jam songs
WaterTower Music

WaterTower Music (formerly New Line Records from 2000 to 2010) is an American record label serving as the in-house music label and run by entertainment company Warner Bros., ultimately owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The name and logo are based on the iconic Warner Bros. Water Tower.

History 
It was founded in 2000 as New Line Records by Jason Linn.

On January 15, 2010, New Line Records was renamed as WaterTower Music with Linn now also reporting to Paul Broucek, president, music, Warner Bros. Pictures. In March 2010, the company switched distribution from Warner Music Group's Alternative Distribution Alliance to Fontana, Universal Music Group's independent distributor.

In 2019, the distribution changed back to ADA, effectively reuniting WMG with former parent Warner Bros.

Releases

Artists 

 Hans Zimmer
 Junkie XL aka Tom Holkenborg
 Howard Shore
 Benson Taylor
 Ryan Shore
 Ramin Djawadi
 Lorne Balfe
 Steven Price
 Ludwig Göransson
 John Powell
 Daniel Pemberton
 Andrew Lockington
 Michael Giacchino
 Thomas Newman
 Danny Elfman
 Joseph Bishara
 Christophe Beck
 Alexandre Desplat
 Rupert Gregson-Williams
 Mychael Danna
 Jeff Danna
 Mark Mothersbaugh
 James Horner
 Max Richter
 John Murphy
 Benjamin Wallfisch

Soundtracks

New Line Records

WaterTower Music 

 About Schmidt
 Animaniacs
 Animaniacs (2020)
 Batman: Arkham City
 Batman Begins (originally on Warner Bros. Records)
 Batman: The Brave and the Bold
 Batman: Under the Red Hood
 Birth
 Bugs Bunny at the Symphony
 The Dark Knight
 The Dark Knight Rises
 A Dirty Shame
 Elf
 Four Christmases
 Game of Thrones season 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
 A History of Violence
 The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
 The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
 The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
 House of the Dragon
 Injustice: Gods Among Us
 Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths
 Monster-in-Law
 The Notebook
 Red Riding Hood
 Secondhand Lions
 Snakes on a Plane: The Album
 Son of the Mask
 Superman/Batman: Public Enemies
 The Upside of Anger
 Wedding Crashers
 Westworld
 Steven Universe: The Movie

See also 
 List of record labels
 Warner Records
 Warner Sunset Records

References

External links 
 

2000 establishments in California
American companies established in 2000
American record labels
Companies based in Burbank, California
Labels distributed by Warner Music Group
Record labels based in California
Record labels established in 2000
Soundtrack record labels
Warner Bros. divisions
Doug Crossman

Douglas A. Crossman (born June 13, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Crossman was born in Peterborough, Ontario.

Playing career
Drafted in the sixth round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft from the Ottawa 67's, Crossman played 914 NHL games for the Chicago Black Hawks, Philadelphia Flyers, Los Angeles Kings, New York Islanders, Hartford Whalers, Detroit Red Wings, Tampa Bay Lightning and St. Louis Blues. He had been also traded to the Quebec Nordiques on June 15, 1992, by the Red Wings with Dennis Vial for cash and then was selected by the Lightning on June 18 in the expansion draft, so he never played a game with the Nordiques. He retired in 1996.

He was a member of the 1987 Canada Cup Canadian National team.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links
 

1960 births
Living people
Baltimore Bandits players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Chicago Blackhawks players
Chicago Wolves (IHL) players
Denver Grizzlies players
Detroit Red Wings players
Hartford Whalers players
London Knights players
Los Angeles Kings players
New Brunswick Hawks players
New Haven Nighthawks players
New York Islanders players
Ottawa 67's players
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
St. Louis Blues players
Ice hockey people from Peterborough, Ontario
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Nork

Nork or NORK may refer to:

Places
Nork, Yerevan, Armenia
Nork, Surrey, England

Slang 
Nork, slang for a Norinco firearm
Nork, a slang demonym for North Koreans
Norks, Australian slang for breasts

Other uses
 Bob Nork (1906–1983), American football and basketball player
New Orleans Rhythm Kings, an early 1920s jazz band
Back River (Virginia)

The Back River is an estuarine inlet of the Chesapeake Bay between the independent cities of Hampton and Poquoson in the Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia. Formed by the confluence of the Northwest and Southwest Branches, and at just over  long, the Back River is a breeding ground for many of the Bay's prized sport fish and the well known blue crab. The river was once part of an important fishing area that provided the local canneries with the famous Chesapeake seafood that was, and still is in demand throughout the country. Although now used primarily for recreation and as a wildlife refuge, the river remains a great place to spend an afternoon with a fishing rod or a few crab traps. Factory Point, a peninsula that protects the river from the Chesapeake Bay sits at the mouth of the river adjoining the bay.

The Southwest Branch begins as Newmarket Creek, a marshy, tidal creek which flows from its headwaters in Newport News into Hampton where it widens greatly and empties into the river.

The Northwest Branch also begins in Newport News as Brick Kiln Creek and is dammed along with the Hampton city and York County border to form Big Bethel Reservoir. It flows from the reservoir into Poquoson, where it becomes the Northwest Branch.

The Back River Lightstation, or Grandview Light, formerly stood on a windswept beach at the mouth of the river. Constructed in 1829 by Winslow Lewis, with a cost of $4,250, the thirty-foot brick tower displayed its light until 1915, when it was automated and the keepers removed. In 1936, the station was decommissioned and left open to the elements and vandals. Hurricane Flossy in 1956 delivered the final blow and toppled the tower. All that can be seen today is a pile of debris just off the beach.

See also
List of rivers of Virginia

External links 
 A study by VIMS on Hampton, Virginia Erosion

Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay
Rivers of Hampton, Virginia
Bodies of water of Poquoson, Virginia
Rivers of Virginia
Oostdijk, South Holland

Oostdijk is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee, and lies about 13 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

It was first mentioned in 1515 as "gelegen in Westvoirne bijder Goederee inder banne vanden oestdijck", and means "eastern dike". It is named after the eponymous polder.

Oostdijk is not a statistical entity, It is considered part of Goedereede. It consists of about 100 houses.

References

Populated places in South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
Visschershoek

Visschershoek is an old farmhouse in the Dutch province of South Holland. The farmhouse is located nearby the lighthouse of Ouddorp, about 7 kilometers from the centre of Ouddorp, next to the dunes on the far western part of the island and municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

References

External links
 Photos of the farmhouse
 The farmhouse on Google Streetview

Populated places in South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee
^txt2regex$

^txt2regex$ is a regular expression wizard that leads the user through the construction of a regular expression by asking a series of questions. The regular expression is generated in the notation used by awk, ed, egrep, Emacs, expect, find,  grep, lex, Lisp, MySQL, OpenOffice.org, Perl, PHP, PostgreSQL, Procmail, Python, Sed, Tcl, VBscript, Vi, and Vim. It is a useful tool for users with little or no knowledge of regular expressions and so is included in several Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Knoppix, and Mandriva, in FreeBSD, and in Fink for Mac OS X.

Although graphical interfaces have typically followed command line interfaces, ^txt2regex$ is unusual in providing a command line interface for a function usually, and previously, provided by means of a graphical user interface. It is also unusual in interacting with the user to facilitate the use of what is generally regarded as a technical tool unsuitable for naive users and in supporting multiple regular expression notations. ^txt2regex$ is a bash script.

References

External links 
 

Programming tools