alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Nakhchivan State University

Nakhchivan State University (NSU) (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Dövlət Universiteti) is a public university located in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan. Founded in 1967 as a part of the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute, in 1990 it became the Nakhchivan State University.  It has 703 faculty members and currently enrolls 35,000 students. In 2003, NSU, in conjunction with George Soros' Open Society Institute - Assistance Foundation opened an Education-Information Center on the NSU campus to develop areas involving education, information and law.

History 
Nakhchivan branch of Azerbaijan Pedagogical University was founded in 1967. Only 102 students were permitted to tuition. Back then, only 3 people were employed in Nakhchivan branch.

In 1972 Nakhchivan's branch became independent, and in 1990 transformed into Nakhchivan state university.

According to the decree of the ex-president of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, the university received a status of self-government and independence in 2002.

Affiliations 
The university is a member of the Caucasus University Association.

NSU also affiliates with 3 international projects within the TEMPUS program. Starting from 2012 NSU affiliates with Erasmus-Mundus international program. NSU is a member of the Association of Asian Universities, the Union of Universities of the Caucasus region, Club of European Rectors, the Union of Universities of the Black Sea basin countries.

Awards and international activity 
For the active development of international relations, success in the field of science and education, Nakhchivan State University has been awarded the title of the “Millennium University” by the Club of European Rectors.

The team of the University Student Free Business Association as a champion of Azerbaijan in 2010 took part in world championships in the US in 2010 and in Malaysia in 2011.

Play which was set by the University of the Operetta's students, "Arshin Mal Alan" was successfully shown in Novosibirsk (Russia), in Erzurum, Samsun, Kars, Ardahan, the Black Sea Technical University (Turkey), in Akhaltekhinsky University (Georgia). The University football team, becoming in 2008 and 2010 the country's champion among university teams, represented our country in Ukraine and Poland.

References

External links 
Nakhchivan State University

 
Universities in Azerbaijan
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Educational institutions established in 1967
1967 establishments in the Soviet Union
Coundon Road Stadium

Coundon Road Stadium in Coventry was the home ground for Coventry R.F.C. from 1921 to 2004. The stadium has now been demolished.

The first game at the ground was against United Services, Portsmouth, with Coventry R.F.C. losing 13–3.
The biggest crowd at the ground was reputedly 18,000 for an England versus Wales Schools' International on 12 March 1939.
In the modern era, just over 8,000 people attended the National League One match between Coventry R.F.C. and Newcastle on 2 November 1996, which was a record for the league until 2004.

The stadium had two stands; the Main (Road) Stand and the terraced Cowshed, though additional temporary structures were put in place for some representative games at the ground. The two stands only had minor alterations in their 83 years of existence. However, a clubhouse was opened in 1959, next to the Main Stand.

Their final game at the ground was a 34–20 victory for Coventry R.F.C. against Manchester R.F.C. on 17 April 2004, with an attendance of 2,200. Coventry R.F.C moved to the Butts Park Arena in September of that year, with the old stadium being demolished during November. The site has now been developed as a housing estate by Bryant Homes. Apartment houses on the site are named after former Coventry R.F.C. players including David Duckham, Bert Godwin and Peter Jackson.

References

Sports venues in Coventry
Defunct rugby union venues in England
Sports venues completed in 1921
Sports venues demolished in 2004
1921 establishments in England
2004 establishments in England
Rugby union in the West Midlands (county)
Mackville, Wisconsin

Mackville is an unincorporated community in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in the town of Center, three miles north of the City of Appleton. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a part of the Fox Cities metropolitan area.

Mackville is the location of the Mackville Nationals Truck and Tractor Pull.

Education 
Mackville has one school, a parochial school. Saint Edward's School serves as a preschool for the area.

In popular culture 
Tom Thiel released a song in 2021 called "Unincorporated Town", which references his hometown of Mackville,WI.

References

Further reading 
 Gross, Nicholas L. One Hundred Years of Mackville, 1849–1949: Historical Essays. 1949.
 Gross, Nicholas L. In the Second Hundred Years of Mackville, 1949–1959: Historical Essays. 1959.
 Gross, Nicholas L. Mackville History Continued, 1959–1964: Historical Essays. 1965.
 Gross, Nicholas L. Mackville History Continued, 1964–1970: Historical Essays. 1970.

External links 
Mackville, Wisconsin

Unincorporated communities in Outagamie County, Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin
WBSV

WBSV may refer to:

 WBSV-LP, a low-power radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Berrien Springs, Michigan, United States
 WFTT-TV, a television station (channel 25, virtual 62) licensed to serve Venice, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WBSV-TV from 1987 to 2000
Sound clash

A sound clash is a musical competition where crew members from opposing sound systems pit their skills against each other. Sound clashes take place in a variety of venues, both indoors and outdoors, and primarily feature reggae and dancehall music. The object is to beat or "kill" their competitors.

In Jamaica, sound clashes, with their "violently martial ethos", date back at least to the 1950s, when systems like Tom the Great Sebastian and Duke Reid's the Trojan clashed in the old Back-O-Wall (now Tivoli Gardens) neighborhood of Kingston. Sometimes these clashes turned violent, with one system destroying the other system's equipment. The first reported clash was between Tom the Great Sebastian and Count Nick in 1952.

Although sound clashes are perhaps most commonly associated with Jamaica, they also form an integral part of Black British culture in London, with early proponents such as Jah Shaka running sound systems and engaging in sound clashes as early as the 1970s. Franco Rosso's 1980 cult movie Babylon offered a look into London's sound system and sound clash culture, focusing on the Deptford and Brixton areas in particular.

Characteristics
In the early days of sound clashes, in Jamaican dancehall culture, sound systems would bring their own sound equipment—heavy bass sounds (that can be heard miles away) are especially important.

Sound clashes typically play Jamaican music from 1950 up to present recorded singles, and often utilize exclusive dubplates. Occasionally, sound systems would go so far as to pay artists to secure exclusive use of dubplates.

Appreciation for the dubplates and riddims played are shown in the form of "forwards", a surge of the crowd towards the front of the dance/towards the DJ booth. In particular, a "deep forward" originates from the back of a dance, where the aficionados (or "heads") typically stand.

Rules
The first round is no elimination, each sound system plays a set time. Second round each sound system plays but one sound system being eliminated by poor performance, poor quality or by playing back a song. Elimination continues until two sounds are left, for example Bredda Hype sound vs Sound Trooper. The time interval gets shorter and shorter, with the introduction of television clashes, so when playing returns to one sound again, they may only play a shorter time, 15 minutes. Near the end of the clash they go song on song or "Dub fi dub".

Traditionally, all dubplates must feature the DJ's name, marking it as exclusive for that particular DJ, otherwise the DJ faces instant disqualification. Also, if a DJ were to play a dubplate based on a "riddim" already played during the clash he/she could face disqualification.

Where only two sound systems are playing, winning is based on 10 dub plates in tune for tune, regardless of who leads all night.

References

Dancehall
Reggae culture
Music competitions

fr:Clash (rap)
Curran, County Londonderry

Curran () is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 132 people. It is within the Mid-Ulster District Council area, specifically within the Moyola District Electoral Area.  The village is in the Mid-Ulster constituency for Westminster and Northern Ireland Assembly elections.

Once a thriving market village, Curran has been superseded in recent years by other surrounding towns and villages.  The shop, post office and primary school have all closed, the latter being amalgamated with the new primary school in nearby Knockloughrim in 1979.  Curran Presbyterian Church is a joint charge with Castledawson Presbyterian Church. The main A6 Belfast-Derry road runs nearby.  The majority of local Anglicans worship at Termoneeny Parish Church in Knockloughrim.

The village is also home to the oldest continuously working Masonic lodge in the Province of Londonderry and Donegal. Formed in 1776 the lodge still meets in the Freemason's Hall in the centre of the village.

References 

Villages in County Londonderry
Mid-Ulster District
Pokémon: The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon

Pokémon: The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon is a special hour-long episode of the Pokémon anime series created for the tenth anniversary of the franchise. This special premiered on Kids' WB on April 29, 2006 (with the Kayzie Rogers version). It became available on DVD in the United States on September 19 that year as a special feature on the 2-disc Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew release (with the Sarah Natochenny version), and the original dub aired on October 28 in the same year on Cartoon Network. In Japan the special was available for download on the official site October 13–31, 2006. 

This special marked the first time English-language production was handled exclusively by Pokémon USA (now known as The Pokémon Company International). Previously, 4Kids Entertainment (now known as Konami Cross Media NY) was mostly responsible for the Pokémon anime English dub. As a result of this change, costs were cut, and the English-language version of the special featured an all-new voice cast, replacing the original voice actors for many major characters, many of whom had worked on the show for eight years. The only three who returned were Rodger Parsons as the narrator, James Carter Cathcart (under the pseudonym Jimmy Zoppi), who voiced several recurring characters like Gary Oak, and Kayzie Rogers, who voiced minor characters and over 50 Pokémon throughout the show. Beginning with this special, Cathcart additionally carried over the roles of James and Meowth (using the pseudonym Billy Beach in the special) and Rogers also provided the voice for Max (using the pseudonym Jamie Peacock in the special). Rogers also voiced Ash for the original version of the special, but was subsequently replaced by Sarah Natochenny.

This change caused controversy and extremely negative reception among many fans as it considered one of the worst Pokémon specials ever made. It was announced at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con that the version available on DVD would be improved from that aired on TV, with dialogue being re-recorded after the new voice cast became more familiar with their roles, and after Ash was given another new voice actor, Sarah Natochenny. The redub was included as a bonus disc on the home media release of Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew.

Cast

Notes

External links 

 The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon at Bulbapedia
 
 

2006 anime films
2006 television films
2006 films
2006 television specials
2000s animated television specials
Japanese television specials
American animated television films
Anime television films
Holography in fiction
Mastermind of Mirage Pokemon
Jennifer Howell

Jennifer Howell is a Canadian-American voice actress. She is the voice of Bebe Stevens on the animated television series South Park. She was also the show's supervising producer.

From November 2005 to June 2008, Howell was the Executive Vice President of Matt Stone and Trey Parker's production company Important Films.

Howell is now heading up 20th Century Fox Television's animation department as its Senior Vice President.

References

Canadian voice actresses
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian television producers
Canadian women television producers
Ma'ale Mikhmas

Ma'ale Mikhmas () is an Israeli settlement in the Binyamin region of the northern West Bank. Located a few miles northeast of Jerusalem, it falls under the municipal jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council and according to Palestinians the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. In  it had a population of .

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

History
Israel confiscated 1287 dunums of land from the Palestinian town of Deir Dibwan in order to construct Ma'ale Mikhmas.

Ma'ale Mikhmas was founded in 1981 along the Allon Road by a group of families from Ma'ale Adumim. It is named after the biblical Michmas ().

The population of Ma'ale Mikhmas is evenly divided between native-born Israelis and immigrants from English-speaking countries, South America, France and Ethiopia. It defines itself as religious.

Notable residents
 Otniel Schneller (b. 1952), politician

References

External links
Ma'ale Michmas website
Michmas and Almonds in the Bible
Fighting the Philistines: Settlers of Ma’ale Michmas feel at home on a Biblical (and modern) battleground

Religious Israeli settlements
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Populated places established in 1981
1981 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate
Community settlements
Israeli settlements in the West Bank
Adolf Seel

Adolf Seel (1 March 1829–14 February 1907) was a German painter. He trained at the Düsseldorf Academy of Arts and is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

Biography 

Seel visited the academy in Düsseldorf in 1844-50, where he trained under Wilhelm Sohn. He then continued to train one year in Paris, spent 1864 and 1865 in Italy, 1870 and 1871 Spain, Portugal and the north coast of Africa as well as 1873 and 1874 the Orient, where he developed his preference for the architectural painting found rich food. Its pieces of architecture, particularly the Arab and Moorish buildings, are usually provided just as beautiful landscapes painted with a masterful perspective, lighting and coloring.

Works 
 Inside of a Byzantine church (1862),
 Motive from San Marco in Venice,
 The cloister of the cathedral to half in the winter (main picture),

And later:

 Taufkapelle in San Marco,
 Lion yard of the Alhambra,
 Arab yard in Cairo (1876, national gallery in Berlin) and
 The Egyptian Harem (1878).

Awards 

In 1876 he was awarded the golden medal of the city Vienna, 1878 the golden medal in Berlin.

References

External links 

 Biography (German)

1829 births
1907 deaths
19th-century German painters
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni
19th-century German male artists
Düsseldorf school of painting
Frio River

The Frio River is a river in the U.S. state of Texas.  The word frío is Spanish for cold, a clear reference to the spring-fed coolness of the river.

Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
Rio Frio
Arroyo Hondo
Rio Hondo
Rio Sarco

Geography
The Frio River has three primary tributaries; the East, West, and Dry Frio Rivers.  The West Frio River rises from springs in northeastern Real County and joins with the East Frio River near the town of Leakey; the Dry Frio River joins northeast of Uvalde. The river flows generally southeast for 200 miles until it empties into the Nueces River south of the town of Three Rivers. Along the way, the Frio River provides water to the Choke Canyon Reservoir in McMullen and Live Oak Counties.

Recreation
The cool and consistent flow of the Frio River has made it a popular summertime destination.  Garner State Park, on the river about  south of Leakey and  west of San Antonio, provides camping, fishing and other activities.  Numerous other privately owned campgrounds are also found along the river.

Miscellaneous
 Frio County, Texas is named for the river.
 Frio River is popularly considered navigable from well above Leakey to about  downstream of Concan. From that latter place, the Frio River's water volume in summer months is insufficient to surmount the natural percolation down into limestone subsurface water courses; therefore, the river bed appears dry intermittently, and the river is no longer efficiently navigable continuously year-round from that place to its confluence with the Nueces River.  Applicable laws concerning navigability include statutes written in Spanish that are still in force in Texas.  The river may only be accessed from public access points, and all river banks are private property. Accessing the riverbanks is only legal in the event of portaging canoes or scouting for obstructions. As stated by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, which manages navigable rivers in Texas: "Senate Bill (S.B.) 155 strikes a balance between the navigation right and private property interests by providing that portaging or scouting obstructions do not create a prescriptive easement over any private property so used. Thus, under S.B. 155, if private riverside property is used to portage or scout obstructions, the landowner does not bear any risk of permanent loss of a property interest. Should it become unnecessary to use that particular riverside property to portage or scout obstructions (for example, because the river changes course), the public right of use disappears."

Gallery

See also
List of rivers of Texas

References

External links
 
 

Rivers of Texas
Tributaries of the Nueces River
Bodies of water of Live Oak County, Texas
Bodies of water of Real County, Texas
Bodies of water of McMullen County, Texas
Rivers of Uvalde County, Texas
Bodies of water of Frio County, Texas
Bodies of water of La Salle County, Texas
San Antonio–El Paso Road
Ewen Thompson

Ewen Paul Thompson (born 17 December 1979) is a former New Zealand international cricketer who played in the Under-19 Cricket World Cup in 1998. Thompson has also played for Northland and Manawatu in the Hawke Cup. He was born in Warkworth.

Thompson was called up to the New Zealand squad at the age of 29 for the two Twenty20 Internationals against the West Indies in December 2008. He made his debut in the second match at Hamilton.

External links 
 

1979 births
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers
Central Districts cricketers
Living people
People from Warkworth, New Zealand
Li Jinhua

Li Jinhua (; born July 1943) is a retired government official in the People's Republic of China.

Biography
Li Jinhua was born in Rudong, Jiangsu in 1943. In 1963, he was admitted to the Central Institute of Finance and Economics.  After graduating in the fall of 1966, Li was dispatched to the mountainous Shaanxi province to teach at the Northwest Institute of Finance and Economics. In 1971, Li Jinhua became an accountant for the aircraft factory number 572 in Shaanxi. He worked there for the next 14 years, and rose to become the factory's director. In 1985, Li became the Deputy Auditor General. Li became the Auditor General of the National Audit Office of China in 1998, and was appointed to his second term in 2003. He was named Person of the Year by Southern Weekend in 2004 for his leading role in the audit storm.

In 2010 Li wrote an article in the People's Daily, calling for better legal structures and greater supervision over the business dealings of officials and their children. He said the rapidly growing wealth of Communist officials’ children and family members "is what the public is most dissatisfied about".

References

External links
English Official Website of China's National Audit Office

1943 births
Living people
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
Politicians from Nantong
Central University of Finance and Economics alumni
People from Rudong County
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangsu
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
FxCop

FxCop is a free static code analysis tool from Microsoft that checks .NET managed code assemblies for conformance to Microsoft's .NET Framework Design Guidelines.

Overview
Unlike StyleCop, or the Lint programming tool, for the C programming language, FxCop analyzes the compiled object code, not the original source code. It uses CIL parsing and callgraph analysis to inspect assemblies for more than 200 different possible coding standards violations in the following areas:
COM (Interoperability) – rules that detect COM Interop issues.
Design – rules that detect potential design flaws. These coding errors typically do not affect the execution of your code.
Globalization – rules that detect missing or incorrect usage of information related to globalization and localization.
Naming – rules that detect incorrect casing, cross language keyword collisions, and other issues related to the names of types, members, parameters, namespaces, and assemblies.
Performance – rules that detect elements in your assemblies that will degrade performance.
Security – rules that detect programming elements that leave your assemblies vulnerable to malicious users or code.
Usage – rules that detect potential flaws in your assemblies that can affect code execution.
Maintainability – rules that detect maintenance issues.
Portability – rules that detect portability issues.
Reliability – rules that detect correct memory and thread usage.

FxCop includes both GUI and command line versions of the tool. Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Studio 2008 Team System Development Editions both include a "Code Analysis" feature based on FxCop. For Visual Studio 2010 the corresponding, and slightly enhanced, static code analysis features are included in the Premium and Ultimate editions. FxCop 10.0 is included in the Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7.

FxCop provides a tool to help developers to follow their company's coding standards. FxCop does code analysis to check whether the new code is compliant with the coding standards and naming conventions followed by the company. FxCop will ensure that the specified rules are used in the source code.

See also
 List of tools for static code analysis
 StyleCop

References

External links
FxCop 2.0 home page
FxCop blog
FxCop: Policing Code Correctness - Addison-Wesley
FxCop v1.36 no longer available for download
FxCop and Code Analysis: Writing Your Own Custom Rules
FxCop: Downloading the most recent version
FxCop 10.0

.NET programming tools
Static program analysis tools
Microsoft development tools
Rotary Watches

Rotary Watches Ltd was established at La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland by Moise Dreyfuss in 1895. By the 1920s family members Georges and Sylvain Dreyfuss began exporting Rotary watches to Britain, which was to become the company's most successful market. Rotary later became the official watch supplier for the British Army. The well known “winged wheel” Rotary logo was introduced in 1925 and has since then undergone minor changes in appearance. Rotary became an international company selling watches in more than 35 countries. Since 2014, it has been owned by Citychamp Watch & Jewellery Group Limited (an investment holding company known as China Haidian Holdings until 2014).

Background
In 1940, Rotary became an official watch supplier for the British Army. Coinciding with the Second World War and the drafting of huge numbers into the army, the move put a Rotary watch in almost every household in Britain, leaving a lasting impression of the brand in the UK. In 2006, Rotary Watches was elected as one of the UK's "superbrands", and has retained its place in successive years. The “winged wheel” Rotary logo was first introduced in 1925 and has since undergone only minor changes in appearance. In addition to its traditional brand, the company also produces watches under the more exclusive "Dreyfuss & Co" name.

Rotary is a member of the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH.  Rotary Watches' head office is now in the UK, and it is a wholly Chinese-owned company. Rotary offers a range of timepieces manufactured in Switzerland, together with a range of less expensive pieces made elsewhere, usually with movements from Japan or China which are then assembled in Japan or China.

Rotary watches typically use either a quartz or automatic movement, and often feature what Rotary refer to as the "Dolphin Standard" (equivalent to at least ISO 2281), meaning they are water resistant and may be suitable for all-day swimming and diving. Unique to Rotary is the "Revelation" design of reversible watch, which features two distinct movements and faces, allowing the wearer to change style at will or easily switch between two different time zones.

Subsidiaries
Dreyfuss & Co.

References

External links
 

Companies based in the canton of Neuchâtel
Swiss watch brands
Swiss companies established in 1895
Manufacturing companies established in 1895
Watch manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Watch manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
British brands
The Orchard (tea room)

The Orchard is a tea room and tea garden in Grantchester, near Cambridge, serving morning coffee, lunches and afternoon teas. Since opening in 1897, it has been a popular retreat for Cambridge students, teachers and tourists, as well as locals, with many famous names among its patrons. The Orchard is open every day of the year (with the exception of some days around Christmas) from 9:30 to 17:00, and can be reached both by road and punt.

History
The history of The Orchard started in 1897 (the orchard itself was first planted in 1868) when a group of Cambridge students asked the landlady, Mrs Stevenson of Orchard House, if they could take their tea in the orchard rather than on the front lawn as the custom was. This practice soon became the norm, and the place grew in popularity. The next phase in the history of The Orchard began when the poet Rupert Brooke took up lodging in the house in 1909. A graduate student of great popularity in the university community at the time, Brooke soon attracted a great following at the place, among them Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E.M. Forster, Bertrand Russell, Augustus John, and Ludwig Wittgenstein – the so-called Grantchester Group, or the neo-pagans as Woolf called them. Brooke later lodged in a neighbouring house, the Old Vicarage and immortalised both houses in his poem The Old Vicarage, Grantchester. Written while Brooke was in Berlin in 1912, the poem ends with the lines:

Subsequently, the ownership of Orchard House and the tea room passed to Robin Callan, originator of the Callan Method for the study of English by non-native speakers.

External links
Home page
Brooke's The Old Vicarage, Grantchester on Wikisource

Tea houses of the United Kingdom
Gardens in Cambridgeshire
Restaurants established in 1897
Grantchester
Andy Romano

Andrew RomaSanta, better known as Andy Romano, (April 16, 1936 – September 14, 2022) was an American actor, known for playing "J.D.", an outlaw motorcyclist and right-hand henchman of the character Eric von Zipper (played by Harvey Lembeck) in the 1960s Beach Party movies (which starred Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon).

After Beach Party movies lost money and stopped filming, Romano appeared in minor roles on television episodes and some TV movies through much of the 1970s and 1980. In the late 1980s, he returned to movies in supporting roles, though he continued to guest-star on TV series, including NYPD Blue. Romano retired from acting in the late 1990s and settled in Washington state.

Romano died on September 14, 2022, at the age of 86.

Selected filmography

References

External links

1936 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of Italian descent
Odlar Yurdu University

Odlar Yurdu University is a private university located in Baku, Azerbaijan.  It was founded in 1995, and became a degree granting institution in 1999.  The name is based on the official Azeri national motto, Odlar Yurdu, which is translated as "Land of Fire".

Admission to the Master of Business Administration (MBA) Program established in partnership with Georgia State University (Atlanta, USA). The masters are prepared with the four following concentrations:  Finances, International Business, Marketing and General Management.

External links
Odlar Yurdu University website

Universities in Baku
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Azerbaijan
Innocent passage

Innocent passage is a concept in the law of the sea that allows for a vessel to pass through the archipelagic and territorial waters of another state, subject to certain restrictions. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Article 19 defines innocent passage as:

Innocent passage concedes the coastal country's territorial sea claim, unlike freedom of navigation, which directly contests it.

History
Initially, the right of innocent passage in the current sense began to take shape in the 1840s (as a  customary rule) with the development of world trade and the emergence of steamships navigation, for which it was economically significant to use the shortest possible route often through the coastal waters of a foreign state.
The law was codified in the 1958 Geneva Convention and affirmed in  the 1982 UNCLOS.

See also
 1986 Black Sea incident
 1988 Black Sea bumping incident
 Corfu Channel incident
 Right of passage
 Transit passage

References

External links
 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Part II: Section 3 defines "innocent passage"
 Spadi, F. (2001), "The Bridge on the Strait of Messina: 'Lowering' the Right of Innocent Passage?", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 50: 411–419.

Law of the sea
Silvia Dimitrova

Silvia Dimitrova () is a Bulgarian icon painter. She won a place at the School of Applied Arts at Troyan at the age of 13. She graduated in 1989. She then studied icon painting in Sofia under the tuition of Georgi Tchouchev, a master iconographer in Sofia.

She held a solo exhibition in Paris, in the Cultural Centre Edmond Rostand, Rueil-Malmaison in 1997. In the spring of 1999 she was commissioned by Downside Abbey to paint the Icon of St Benedict, Wells. At the beginning of 2000 Silvia worked as an artist-in-residence at Wells Cathedral with a commission to paint the Fourteen Stations of the Cross as a project for the Millennium. In the same year she was married, in Wells Cathedral, to Simon Potter, a house master at Downside School, Somerset.

She works in the traditional technique of icon painting - egg tempera on wood.

References

 Alan Ogden Revelations of Byzantium, Appendix. April 2001

External links 
 Silvia Dimitrova: Foreword by Ian Courcoux

1970 births
Bulgarian painters
Living people
People from Pleven
Bulgarian women painters
21st-century women artists
Internet Exchange of Puerto Rico

The Internet Exchange of Puerto Rico aka Puerto Rico Internet Exchange (IXPR) is an internet exchange point situated in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was established on November 22, 2005, by Mehmet Akcin and Dr. Oscar Moreno.

IXPR was the first internet exchange point set in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean., ULTRACOM was the first provider to exchange data through the point. IXPR used a Cisco gigabit Ethernet switch.

The exchange point stopped operating in 2007 and was re-established again in 2020

References

Internet exchange points in the United States
Telecommunications in Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico
2005 establishments in Puerto Rico
2011 disestablishments in Puerto Rico
General duty clause

The General Duty Clause of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act (Federal OSHA) states: 

29 U.S.C. § 654, 5(a)1: Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees."  

29 U.S.C. § 654, 5(a)2: Each employer shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this act.  

29 U.S.C. § 654, 5(b):  Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

Application of the General Duty Clause 
The general duty provisions are used in inspections only where there are no specific standards applicable to the particular hazard involved. Any recognized hazard created in part by a condition not covered by a standard may be cited under the general duty clause. A hazard is recognized if it is a condition that is (a) of a common knowledge or general recognition in the particular industry in which it occurred, and (b) detectable (1) by means of the senses (sight, smell, touch, and hearing), or (2) is such wide, general recognition as a hazard in the industry that even if it is not detectable by means of the senses, there are generally known and accepted tests for its existence which should be generally known to the employer. In addition, "Voluntary Standards" also meet the preceding criteria for identifying a hazard.  Citations based on the general duty clause are limited to alleged serious violations (including willful and/or repeated violations which would not otherwise qualify as serious violations, except for their willful or repeated nature).

Clean Air Act
Under the Clean Air Act Section 112(r)(1), the General Duty Clause states: “The owners and operators of stationary sources producing, processing, handling or storing such substances (i.e., a chemical in 40 CFR part 68 or any other extremely hazardous substance) have a general duty [in the same manner and to the same extent as the general duty clause in the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)] to identify hazards which may result from (such) releases using appropriate hazard assessment techniques, to design and maintain a safe facility taking such steps as are necessary to prevent releases, and to minimize the consequences of accidental releases which do occur.”

References

External links 
 OSH Act of 1970 Section 5

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Working conditions
List of classical double bass players

Classical double bass players are performers who play the double bass, the largest and lowest-pitched commonly played bowed string instrument. They perform European art music ranging from Baroque suites and Mozart-era Classical pieces to contemporary and avant-garde works in a variety of settings, ranging from large symphony orchestras to small chamber groups, or as soloists. Historical double bassists such as Domenico Dragonetti (1763–1846) and Giovanni Bottesini (1821–1889) established a tradition for playing the instrument that was carried on in the 20th and 21st century with a number of double bass players.

Some of the most influential contemporary classical double bass players are known as much for their contributions to pedagogy as for their performing skills, such as US bassist Oscar Zimmerman (1910–1987), known for his teaching at the Eastman School of Music and, for 44 summers at the Interlochen Music Camp in Michigan and French-Syrian bassist François Rabbath (born 1931), who developed a new bass method which divided the entire fingerboard into six positions. Bassists noted for their virtuoso solo skills include US player Gary Karr (born 1941) and Finnish bassist-composer Teppo Hauta-aho (1941–2021).

This is a list of notable professional classical double bass players, including orchestral performers, soloists, chamber musicians, and teachers.

Historical
 Johannes Matthias Sperger (1750–1812) composer
 Domenico Dragonetti (1763–1846) composer, conductor
 Giovanni Bottesini (1821–1889) composer, conductor
 Franz Simandl (1840–1912) composer
 Édouard Nanny (1872–1943) composer
 Serge Koussevitzky (1874–1951) composer, conductor
 Ludvig Juht (1894–1957) composer

North America

 Edwin Barker
 Jeff Bradetich
 Bruce Bransby
 Maximilian Dimoff
 Timothy Cobb
 David Currie
 Mark Dresser
 Paul Ellison
 Diana Gannett
 John Geggie
 Larry Gray
 Gary Karr
 Albert Laszlo
 Eugene Levinson
 Jane Little
 Salvatore Macchia
 Jeremy McCoy
 Linda McKnight
 Homer Mensch
 Edgar Meyer
 Mark Morton
 Orin O'Brien
 Donald Palma
 Scott Pingel
 Frank Proto
 Joel Quarrington
 Hal Robinson
 Stuart Sankey
 Karl E. H. Seigfried
 Peter Seymour
 Dennis Trembly
 Bertram Turetzky
 Frederick Zimmermann
 Oscar G. Zimmerman
 Monica Witni

Europe

 Leon Bosch
 Uxía Martínez Botana
 Gavin Bryars
 Jurek Dybał
 Gerald Drucker
 Renaud Garcia-Fons
 Gareth Wood
 Heinz Karl Gruber
 Teppo Hauta-Aho
 Rinat Ibragimov
 Jorma Katrama
 Joëlle Léandre
 Uxía Martínez Botana
 Duncan McTier
 Chi-chi Nwanoku
 
 Franco Petracchi
 François Rabbath
 Jean-Pierre Robert
 Edicson Ruiz
 Rodney Slatford
 Allan von Schenkel
 Indi Stivín
 Ludwig Streicher
 Joris Vanvinckenroye
 Rainer Zepperitz

South America
 Edicson Ruiz

Asia
 Mikyung Sung

Australia
 Phoebe Russell

See also 
List of jazz bassists, which includes both double bass and electric bass players
List of double bassists in popular music, which covers blues, folk, and other styles

References

Double bass

Double bass players
Lake Petén Itzá

Lake Petén Itzá (Lago Petén Itzá, ) is a lake in the northern Petén Department in Guatemala. It is the third largest lake in Guatemala, after Lake Izabal and Lake Atitlán. It is located around . It has an area of , and is some  long and  wide. Its maximum depth is . The lake area presents high levels of migration, due to the existence of natural resources such as wood, chewing gum, oil, and agricultural and pasture activities. Because of its archaeological richness, around 150,000 tourists pass through this region yearly. The city of Flores, the capital of the Petén Department, lies on an island near its southern shore.

Several streams flow into Lake Petén Itzá, but it has no surface outflow. Although it loses water mostly by evaporation, it is not a salt lake.

Notable sites
There are at least 27 Maya sites around this lake and the archaeological remains of Tayasal, located across the lake on a peninsula close to the former Itza Maya capital, the last to be conquered in Mesoamerica in 1697.

Fauna
This lake and its surroundings have more than 100 important indigenous species such as the cichlid fish Mayaheros urophthalmus, Petenia splendida and Vieja melanurus, the endemic Poecilia petenensis, crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii and Crocodylus acutus), jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Central American red brocket (Mazama temama),  and several bird species, including parrots such as macaws, and toucans. On its northeast shore is the Cerro Cahui Protected Biotope, a natural reserve for butterflies that covers  and is home to toucans, Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), Guatemalan black howler monkeys  (Alouatta pigra), and many other rainforest species.

Notes

References 
 Photos of the lake Peten Itzá
 Central Petén Maya Sites
 ETH Zurich Climate Geology Project: Lago Peten Itza

Peten Itza, Lake
Peten Itza
Geography of the Petén Department
Cap Malheureux

Cap Malheureux is a village in Mauritius located in Rivière du Rempart District. The village is administered by the Cap Malheureux Village Council under the aegis of the Rivière du Rempart District Council. According to the census made by Statistics Mauritius in 2011, the population was at 5,070.

History
The name Cap Malheureux, meaning "Unlucky Cape", was given by the French who held the island from 1715 to 1810. The island was often the bone of contention of many great explorers of the time, including the British. 

In 1810 the British decided to take the island in order to stop the raids on British fleets by the corsairs. Following an unsuccessful attempt to invade via Grand Port in the south in August 1810 (claimed as the only defeat in the Napoleonic Wars of the Royal Navy by the French), British navy and army forces from Bombay, Madras and the Cape of Good Hope took the French by surprise by landing in the North of the island, where the French defences were weakest. As a result, the French were defeated inland and over the years the area became known as Cap Malheureux as a reminder of the 1810 invasion.

See also 
 Districts of Mauritius
 List of places in Mauritius

References

External links

Populated places in Mauritius
Rivière du Rempart District
Landulf II of Capua

Landulf II (c. 825 – 879) was Bishop and Count of Capua. He was the youngest of four sons of Landulf I, gastald of Capua. As a young man, he entered the church. When his father died, his eldest brother, Lando, succeeded him.

On the death of the bishop of Capua, Paulinus, Lando made Landulf bishop of the city. Lando died in 861 and his young son, Lando II was deposed only a few months later by Landulf's other elder brother, Pando. Pando too died soon thereafter (862 or 863) and a succession crisis broke out. Pando's son Pandenulf was shoved aside and Landulf, though bishop, took the Capuan throne in 863.  However, the other branches of the family refused to recognize the usurpation and began seizing much of the county for themselves, leaving Landulf II only in control of the town of Capua proper.  Isolated, Landulf II invited Saracen mercenaries to ravage the lands of his familiars, a move which much alarmed his neighbors (including the pope).

In 866, the deposed Pandenulf appealed to Emperor Louis II, then visiting Monte Cassino, to act against his uncle.  The Emperor promptly besieged Capua and divested Landulf II, but instead of restoring Pandenulf, decided to pass the county of Capua over to the marquis Lambert I of Spoleto.  This arrangement did not last long.  In 871, Lambert was involved in a rebellion against Louis II orchestrated by Adelchis of Benevento.  In the aftermath, Louis II deposed Lambert and restored Landulf II as count of Capua.  As a condition, Landulf II swore off deploying Saracens in the county.
  
Upon the death of Louis (875), who had strictly enforced peace amongst the Christians of the Mezzogiorno, Landulf II allied himself with the Saracens, but in 877, Pope John VIII convinced him to ally himself to the papacy against the Muslims. He spent the next years defending the Amalfi Coast with his navy in return for tribute.

Landulf II died in 879, undisputed count of Capua, and a succession crisis broke out again between his nephews Lando II (son of Lando), Pandenulf (son of Pando) and Lando III (son of Landenulf of Teano).

In the chronicle of Erchempert, of whom he was a contemporary, Landulf II of Capua is the chief villain, portrayed as a dabbler in Satanism and black magic, Saracen ally and enemy of Christendom. Erchempert's portrayal of Landulf II was the inspiration for the character of evil duke and magician Klingsor in Wolfram von Eschenbach's medieval epic Parzival. Eschenbach's epic was later translated into the famous nineteenth-century opera Parsifal by Richard Wagner. As American film director George Lucas is frequently said to have looked to Parsifal for inspiration in his creation of the Star Wars saga, Landulf II of Capua, via this long chain of association, is the closest historical source for the villainous Darth Vader.

Sources
Erchempert. Historia Langabardorvm Beneventarnorvm at The Latin Library
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LXIII Labroca – Laterza. Rome, 2004.

820s births
879 deaths
Bishops of Capua
Landulf 2
Lombard warriors
9th-century Italian bishops
9th-century Lombard people
9th-century counts in Europe
Desertmartin

Desertmartin (; ) is a small village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is four miles from Magherafelt, at the foot of Slieve Gallion. In the 2001 Census the greater Desertmartin area had a population of 1,276. It lies within Desertmartin parish, Mid-Ulster District, and the historic barony of Loughinsholin. Neighbouring settlements include Draperstown, Magherafelt, Moneymore, and Tobermore.

History
The monastic hermitage of Desertmartin was originally dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. The remains of the ancient parish church are in the townland of Knocknagin at the east side of the village.

When County Coleraine was created in 1585, its administration was meant to be carried out in the town of Coleraine. However, the jail and courthouse were built in Desertmartin.

On 19 May 1922, during the Irish War of Independence, a mob of unionists and Ulster Special Constables attacked and burned many Catholic homes and businesses in Desertmartin, in revenge for the burning of a unionist-owned mill. Special Constables took four Catholic men from their homes outside the village and summarily executed them by the roadside.

Religious buildings
St Patrick's, townland of Keenaght (Roman Catholic) (Old Chapel).
St Patrick's, townland of Keenaght (Roman Catholic) (New Chapel).
St. Mary's, townland of Annagh and Moneysterlin (Roman Catholic) Church and adjacent Parochial House are landmark buildings. It is commonly referred to as Coolcalm after the former townland of same name, which is now part of Annagh and Moneysterlin.
Church of the Nazarene (a branch of the denomination of the same name based on Wesleyan tradition).
St Comgall’s Church of Ireland (Desertmartin Parish) is a visually and historically significant building and a local landmark. The church was built in 1821 and is a listed building. St Comgall’s Church is located on the Dromore Road in the village and looks out over the scenic Slieve Gallion mountain.

Schools
St. Columb's Primary School (Roman Catholic)
Desertmartin Primary School
Knocknagin Primary School (Roman Catholic)

Transport
Desertmartin railway station between Magherafelt and Draperstown opened on 20 July 1883, shut for passengers on 1 October 1930, and shut altogether on 3 July 1950.

People 
Tom Paulin (b. 1949) is a major Northern Irish poet, essayist, editor and lecturer, who has written a poem entitled Desertmartin.

Sport 
 St. Martin's Desertmartin Gaelic Athletic Association St Martin's GAA Club
 Desertmartin Football Club

References

External links 

Villages in County Londonderry
Civil parish of Desertmartin
Mid-Ulster District
Stone Cold Classics

Stone Cold Classics is a compilation album by English rock band Queen released on 11 April 2006, in conjunction with the broadcast of an episode of the U.S. television series American Idol, in which contestants performed songs from the Queen catalogue.

Track listing
"Stone Cold Crazy" (Deacon, May, Mercury, Taylor) – 2:15
"Tie Your Mother Down" (May) – 3:46
"Fat Bottomed Girls" (May) – 3:24
"Another One Bites the Dust" (Deacon) – 3:36
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" (Mercury) – 2:44
"We Will Rock You" (May) – 2:02
"We Are the Champions" (Mercury) – 3:01
"Radio Ga Ga" (Taylor) – 5:49
"Bohemian Rhapsody" (Mercury) – 5:55
"The Show Must Go On" (Queen (May)) – 4:33
"These Are the Days of Our Lives" (Queen (Taylor)) – 4:14
"I Want It All" (Queen (May)) – 4:31
"All Right Now" - performed live by Queen + Paul Rodgers – 6:55
"Feel Like Makin' Love" - performed live by Queen + Paul Rodgers – 6:20

Chart performance

References

Queen (band) compilation albums
2006 compilation albums
Hollywood Records compilation albums
Live at Eden

Live at Eden is a live EP by Doves, released on 26 April 2005 at select U.S. independent music stores only. All songs were recorded at the Eden Sessions, Cornwall, on 12 July 2002. The songs also feature in the live concert on the DVD Where We're Calling From.

Track listing

References

Doves (band) albums
2005 EPs