alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
54th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 54th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and Second World Wars.

First World War

The brigade was originally raised in September 1914, as the 54th Brigade, in the First World War as part of Kitchener's New Armies and joined the 18th (Eastern) Division, serving with it throughout the war mainly on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918.

Order of battle
The 54th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:

 10th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) (left October 1914)
 11th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
 12th (Service) Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment (left February 1915)
 12th (Service) Battalion, Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) (disbanded February 1918)
 8th (Service) Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment (from November 1914)
 7th (Service) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment (joined February 1915)
 2nd (Service) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment (from May 1918)
 54th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 13 February 1916, moved to 18th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 16 February 1918)
 54th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 1 June 1915)

Second World War
The brigade was disbanded in 1919 after the war. Reformed in 1939 in the Territorial Army (TA) as the 54th Infantry Brigade, it was part of the 18th Infantry Division. The brigade spent the early years of the Second World War in the United Kingdom on home defence and training duties, anticipating a German invasion. With the rest of the division, the brigade was sent to Singapore, under the command of Brigadier Edward Backhouse, in 1942 and, after the Battle of Singapore against the Imperial Japanese Army, surrendered along with the rest of the Singapore garrison. They became prisoners of the Japanese for the next three years in harsh and degrading treatment.

Order of battle
The 54th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:
 4th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 4th Battalion, Suffolk Regiment
 5th Battalion, Suffolk Regiment
 54th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 7 November, disbanded 14 December 1940)

Postwar
In the 1980s, the 54th Brigade was again active as 54th (East Anglia) Brigade, a Territorial Army regional brigade in the United Kingdom.

Structure in 1989:

 1st Battalion, Royal Highland Fusiliers - Light Role Infantry Battalion
 Queen's Own Mercian Yeomanry (TA) - Armored Car Reconnaissance Regiment
 3rd Battalion, Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment (TA) - Light Role Reserve Infantry Battalion
 3rd Battalion, Yorkshire Volunteers (TA) - Light Role Reserve Infantry Battalion
 4th Battalion, Yorkshire Volunteers (TA) - Light Role Reserve Infantry Battalion
 6th Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment (TA) - Light Role Reserve Infantry Battalion

It was amalgamated with 49 Brigade and thus disbanded in 1995.

References

External links
 

Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
Purcell (architects)

Purcell is a British architectural design practice, founded in 1947 by Donovan Purcell. It has 11 regional studios in the UK and four studios in the Asia Pacific region.

History
In 1947, Donovan Purcell set up a small practice in Bury St Edmunds. Working on church and army buildings for many years, Purcell developed his expertise in conservation and in 1960 was appointed Surveyor to the Fabric of Ely Cathedral.

In 1965, Purcell partnered with architects Peter Miller and William “Bill” Tritton and the practice of Purcell, Miller and Tritton was established. Three years later, the partnership registered with offices in Bethel Street, Norwich and Sydney Street, London.

Over the years, the practice set up studios across the UK to provide strong regional coverage. The practice rebranded as Purcell in 2012 and expanded, opening studios in Cardiff, Manchester, Newcastle and Nottingham. Purcell acquired Worcester-based architect S T Walker and Duckham in 2015 and merged with Norfolk-based practice Reynolds Jury Architecture in 2016.

Internationally, the practice established its first studio in Hong Kong in 2009 and has developed its coverage in Asia Pacific with heritage consultancy teams in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia.

In May 2019, it became a limited company, transitioning to an employee ownership model in 2021.

As of 2022, Purcell has UK studios in Bristol, Cambridge, Canterbury, Cardiff, Colchester, Leeds, London, Manchester, Norwich, Oxford and York. The practice is the UK's 16th largest practice according to the AJ100 in 2021 and ranked 83rd in the World Architecture 100 in 2022.

Notable employees of Purcell have included Corinne Bennett.

Services 
The practice offers design services, masterplanning, heritage consultancy, conservation expertise, funding advice and planning advice. It has worked on many UK listed buildings.

Purcell works across eight sectors: cultural, education, hospitality, places of worship, public, residential, transport, and workplace and retail.

Projects 

Purcell has worked on notable public and private buildings in the UK and internationally including:
 Bristol Aerospace Centre, Filton Airfield
 Canterbury Cathedral
 Cardigan Castle
 CoRE (Centre of Refurbishment Excellence)
 Coworth Park Spa
 Durham Cathedral
 Flinders Street Station
 Florence Institute
 Hampton Court Palace
 Hong Kong Cricket Club
 The Hyde, Dillington House
 National Maritime Museum, Sammy Ofer Wing
 Oxford University Museum of Natural History
 Penarth Pier Pavilion
 Shackleton's Hut, Cape Royd
 The Wallace Collection, The Great Gallery
 Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts 
 Mandarin Oriental, Hyde Park
 National Portrait Gallery 
 Renovation of Clifton Cathedral, Bristol

Awards

References

External links

Architecture firms of England
1947 establishments in the United Kingdom
Welsh Eisteddfod Gold Medal winners
Recipients of Civic Trust Awards
Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 kilometres

The men's 10 kilometres was one of the five track cycling races on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 11 April and comprised 30 laps of the track. The 1896 Games was the only time that the 10 kilometres track race was part of the cycling program at an Olympic Games. Six cyclists from four nations competed. The event was won by Paul Masson of France, the second of his three victories that day (he had previously won the sprint and would shortly afterwards win the track time trial). His countryman Léon Flameng finished second, while Austrian Adolf Schmal was third.

Background

From 1896 to 1924 (excluding 1912, when no track events were held), the track cycling programme included events at a variety of distances that changed from Games to Games and ranged from the -mile to the 100 kilometres (and, even longer, the unique 12 hours race in 1896 that saw finishers exceed 300 kilometres). The 10 kilometres was held only in 1896. As with many of the 1896 cycling races, the French team was clearly favored as the strongest cyclists present.

Competition format

As the name suggests, the race was 10 kilometres in length. The track was one-third of a kilometre in length, so the cyclists had to complete 30 laps. No pacemakers were allowed. The six cyclists started together.

Schedule

The exact time of the event is not known; the cycling events began shortly after 2 p.m. and the 10 kilometres was the second event, after the sprint. The day was very cold.

Results

Six competitors entered the third cycling race. The two Frenchmen that had raced in the 2 kilometre sprint race finished in the top two positions in the 10 kilometres, with the finish coming down to a sprint won by Masson. Adolf Schmal of Austria finished third. Rosemeyer of Germany finished this race in fourth place. The two Greek cyclists collided two-thirds of the way through the race. Kolettis returned to the race for a while before quitting at the 7 km mark due to his injuries from the crash; it is not clear if Konstantinidis finished.

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Track cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Olympic track cycling events
De Beer

De Beer is a Dutch and Afrikaans surname, meaning "the bear". Notable people with the surname include:

 (c.1590–1651), Dutch painter and engraver active in Spain; son of Joos
Dylan de Beer (born 1982), Zimbabwean cricketer
Esmond Samuel de Beer (1895–1990), New Zealand bibliophile, art collector and philanthropist
Fritz de Beer (born 1996), South African cricketer
Gavin de Beer (1899–1972), British evolutionary embryologist 
Gerhard de Beer (born 1994), South African football player
 (born 1957), Dutch illustrator and author
Jan de Beer (c.1475–1528), Flemish painter and draughtsman
Jannie de Beer (born 1971), South African rugby player
Johan de Beer (born 1972), South African tennis player
Joos de Beer (<1535–1591), Dutch painter
Lonell de Beer (born 1980), South African cricketer
Lotte de Beer, Dutch opera director
María Eugenia de Beer (died 1652), Spanish engraver; daughter of Cornelius
Racheltjie de Beer (1831–1843), Afrikaner heroine who may be fictional
Roman de Beer (born 1994), South African racing driver
Sam de Beer (born 1944), South African politician
Sue de Beer (born 1973), American artist
Surina De Beer (born 1978), South African tennis player
Tinus de Beer (born 1996), South African rugby player
Walter Wolff de Beer (1892–1983), Dutch philatelist 
Willem de Beer (born 1988), South African sprinter
Willy de Beer (born 1942), Dutch speed skater
Wolfgang de Beer (born 1964), German footballer
Zach de Beer (1928–1999), South African politician and businessman

See also
De Beers, diamond company named after the farmers Diederik Arnoldus and Johannes Nicolaas de Beer who sold the land with one of the first diamond mines of the company
DeBeer Lacrosse, American sports equipment manufacturer

Dutch-language surnames
Afrikaans-language surnames
55th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 55th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars.

First World War
The brigade was originally raised in 1914, as the 55th Brigade, in the First World War as part of Kitchener's New Armies and joined the 18th (Eastern) Division, serving with it throughout the war mainly on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918.

Order of battle
 7th (Service) Battalion, Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment)
 7th (Service) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)
 8th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment
 7th (Service) Battalion, Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) (left February 1918)
 55th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 13 February 1916, moved to 18th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 16 February 1918)
 55th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 17 June 1916)

Second World War
The brigade was disbanded after the war in 1919. However, it was reformed as the 55th Infantry Brigade in 1939 in the Territorial Army shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and joined the 18th Infantry Division. It remained in the United Kingdom on home defence and training duties, preparing for a possible German invasion which, fortunately, never arrived. The 55th Infantry Brigade, along with the rest of the 18th Division, was sent to Singapore in 1942 where it surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Army in the short but violent Battle of Singapore. The men of the brigade would spend the next three years as Japanese prisoners in harsh and degrading imprisonment.

Order of battle
 1st Battalion, Cambridgeshire Regiment
 2nd Battalion, Cambridgeshire Regiment (to 30 October 1939)
 5th Battalion, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
 1/5th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (from 8 July 1940)
 55th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 9 October, disbanded 14 December 1940)

Commanders
 Brig. W.M. Ozanne
 Brig. T.H. Massey-Beresford

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
\

Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
Pride of Mississippi Marching Band

The Pride of Mississippi Marching Band is the marching band of the University of Southern Mississippi.

History

The band was founded in 1920 by director Audie F. Fugitt. Originally a 20-piece brass ensemble (with an instrumentation of 1 Clarinet, 1 Alto Saxophone, 7 Cornets (including Fugitt), 2 Mellophones, 1 Tenor Horn, 3 Trombones, 1 Baritone Horn, 1 Sousaphone, 2 Snare Drums, and 1 Bass Drum in 1923), the current band numbers about 300.

The band performed at Franklin D. Roosevelt's inaugural parade in the 1930s, various gubernatorial inaugurations, the Senior Bowl Classics and professional and collegiate bowl games. The Pride has toured throughout the United States and to England and Ireland.

In 1977, when Jimmy Carter was sworn in as 39th President of the United States in Washington, D.C., members of the Southern Miss Pride of Mississippi Marching Band were invited by him to be present; twenty-five members from each college band in Mississippi were selected by their college directors to make up an All-Star Band to represent Mississippi in the inaugural parade in Washington. The band rehearsed in Jackson, Mississippi prior to flying to Washington on the "Peanut Special" (plane that brought the Carter Family to Washington, where they participated in the event).

Although mainly made up of music majors enrolled in the University of Southern Mississippi School of Music, the Pride of Mississippi is open to all students enrolled at the University of Southern Mississippi.  Scholarships are offered to both music majors as well as non-majors.

The Pride of Mississippi was referred to in the 1980s as the most televised band in the land for being televised on national television numerous times as well as supposedly being placed in the Guinness Book of World Record for this feat.

In 2009, The Pride was selected to march in the 2010 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, making it the first university marching band in Mississippi to be selected for this honor.

In March 2015, The Pride of Mississippi traveled to Ireland to compete in the Limerick International Band Championships and in the Dublin St Patrick's Day Parade/Festival. The Pride won the Limerick competition as the "Best Band Overall". In the Dublin parade, The Pride won the "Best Adult Marching Band" title.

References

External links
 USM Bands
 The Pride of Mississippi Web site

University of Southern Mississippi
Sun Belt Conference marching bands
Musical groups established in 1920
1920 establishments in Mississippi
Area codes 419 and 567

Area codes 419 and 567 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The largest city served by these area codes is Toledo (and its suburbs of Holland, Maumee, Northwood, Oregon, Ottawa Hills, Perrysburg, Rossford, Sylvania, Swanton, Waterville, and Whitehouse).

History

The first nationwide telephone numbering plan of 1947 divided Ohio into four numbering plan areas (NPAs), roughly forming a quadrant layout for telecommunication services in the state.

Area code 419 was assigned to the northwest quadrant of the state. The overlay area code 567 was created on January 1, 2002.  Despite the presence of Toledo, the state's fourth-largest city, 419 had been the last of Ohio's original four numbering plan areas, and one of the few original NPAs not covering an entire state, that had never been split or overlaid. However, because of the choice of an overlay, it is one of the few original NPAs not covering an entire state that still has its original boundaries.

Service area
Other municipalities served by these area codes include Ada, Ashland, Bellevue, Bluffton, Bowling Green, Bryan, Bucyrus, Celina, Clyde, Crestline, Defiance, Delphos, Edgerton, Edison, Edon, Elmore, Findlay, Fostoria, Fremont, Galion, Genoa, Kenton, Lima, Mansfield, Montpelier, Mount Gilead, Napoleon, Norwalk, Oak Harbor, Port Clinton, Sandusky, Shelby, St. Marys, Tiffin, Upper Sandusky, Van Wert, Wapakoneta, Wauseon, Willard, and Woodville. Other areas served include the Lake Erie Islands north of Port Clinton and west of Sandusky.

See also
List of Ohio area codes
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes

419
419
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947
Telecommunications-related introductions in 2002
Reginsmál

Reginsmál (Old Norse: 'The Lay of Reginn') is an Eddic poem interspersed with prose found in the Codex Regius manuscript. It is closely associated with Fáfnismál, the poem that immediately follows it in the Codex, and it is likely that the two of them were intended to be read together.

The poem, if regarded as a single unit, is disjoint and fragmentary, consisting of stanzas both in ljóðaháttr and fornyrðislag. The first part relates Loki's dealings with Andvari. Interpolated with prose passages, the poem moves on to Sigurd's relationship with Reginn and the advice given to him by Odin.

References

Bibliography

Further reading 
Reginsmol Translation and commentary by Henry A. Bellows
The Second Lay of Sigurd Fafnicide Translation by Benjamin Thorpe

Reginsmál Sophus Bugge's edition of the manuscript text
Reginsmál Guðni Jónsson's edition of the text with normalized spelling

Völsung cycle
Eddic poetry
Nibelung tradition
Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kilometres

The men's 100 kilometres was one of five track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first race held, on 8 April. It required cyclists to complete 300 circuits of the track. Nine cyclists from five nations competed. The event was won by Léon Flameng of France, with Georgios Kolettis of Greece coming in second.

Background

From 1896 to 1924 (excluding 1912, when no track events were held), the track cycling programme included events at a variety of distances that changed from Games to Games and ranged from the -mile to the 100 kilometres (and, even longer, the unique 12 hours race in 1896 that saw finishers exceed 300 kilometres). The 100 kilometres was held twice: in 1896 and again in 1908. As with many of the 1896 cycling races, the French team was clearly favored as the strongest cyclists present. However, one of the two Frenchmen (Paul Masson) did not start the race and instead served as pacemaker for the other (Léon Flameng).

Competition format

As the name suggests, the race was 100 kilometres in length. The track was one-third of a kilometre in length, so the cyclists had to complete 300 laps. Pacemakers were allowed in the event, though only Flameng and the Greeks had pacemakers. The nine cyclists started together in a mass start.

Schedule

The exact time of the event is not known. The day was very cold with a bitter wind that was not significantly affected by the low walls around the velodrome.

Results

Nine cyclists started the race, but only two finished it. During the race Georgios Kolettis's bike broke down. Léon Flameng stopped and waited for Georgio's bike to be repaired before continuing to race. Flameng had fallen midway through the race but continued on to win the gold medal. Kolettis of Greece had completed 289 laps at that point, and finished fairly soon after Flameng. While competing, Flameng raced with the French flag wrapped about his leg.

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 
 

Track cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Chalinolobus

Chalinolobus is a genus of bats, commonly known as pied, wattled, or long-tailed bats. They have fleshy lobes at the bottom edge of their ears and on their lower lips. The bats otherwise classified in the genus Glauconycteris are included in Chalinolobus by some zoologists.

Species
 Large-eared pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri)
 Gould's wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)
 Chocolate wattled bat (Chalinolobus morio)
 New Caledonia wattled bat (Chalinolobus neocaledonicus), sometimes treated as a subspecies of C. gouldii
 Hoary wattled bat  (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus)
 Little pied bat (Chalinolobus picatus)
 New Zealand long-tailed bat or long-tailed wattled bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)

References

External links
 
 "Chalinolobus pied bats, wattled bats, and relatives". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

 
Bat genera
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
Yanmar

is a Japanese diesel engine, heavy machinery and agricultural machinery manufacturer founded in Osaka, Japan in 1912. Yanmar manufactures and sells engines used in a wide range of applications, including seagoing vessels, pleasure boats, construction equipment, agricultural equipment and generator sets. It also manufactures and sells, climate control systems, and aquafarming systems, in addition to providing a range of remote monitoring services.

Company description
Yanmar was founded in March 1912 in Osaka, Japan by Magokichi Yamaoka.

When the company began in 1912, it manufactured gasoline-powered engines. In 1920 the company began production of a small kerosene engine. In 1933, it launched the world's first practical small diesel engine, the HB model.

In 1961 the agricultural machinery division of the company was started.

Yanmar also started supplying engines to John Deere tractors and for some Thermo King Corporation coolers used in refrigerated trucks and trailers. Within the last 20 years, Yanmar has also established a growing presence in the domestic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) market in Japan and elsewhere, with small helicopter UAVs primarily used in agricultural spraying and other forms of aerial application.

As described on the company website, "The name [Yanmar] is a combination of the Yanma Dragonfly (known by names such as Oniyanma and Ginyanma) and the "Yama" from the name of the company founder Magokichi Yamaoka."

Timeline
 1912: Yamaoka Magokichi sets up business under the name  Yamaoka Hatsudoki Seisakusho (Yamaoka Engine Workshop).
 1933: Production of world's first practical small diesel.
1961: The agricultural machinery division of the company was started
 1992: The company produces its 10 millionth diesel engine.
 2015: Yanmar acquires 70% of Spanish generator-set manufacturer HIMOINSA 
 2016: Yanmar increases its stake in the Indian company International Tractors, the maker of Sonalika branded tractors, to 30%. The company also bought German compact equipment maker Schaeff from Terex and forged a partnership with Toyota to develop “next generation hulls” for boats.
 2019: Yanmar expanded overseas training schools in China, the Philippines, and India.
 2023: Yanmar produces an original anime project, titled Miru, featuring robots designed by company's designers.

References

External links
 Official site
 Article on compact diesel engines
 Details about the Yanmar Compact Diesel Engines

Agricultural machinery manufacturers of Japan
Construction equipment manufacturers of Japan
Defense companies of Japan
Diesel engine manufacturers
Engine manufacturers of Japan
Engineering companies of Japan
Gas engine manufacturers
Japanese brands
Japanese companies established in 1912
Manufacturing companies based in Osaka
Manufacturing companies established in 1912
Marine engine manufacturers
Robotics companies of Japan
Tractor manufacturers of Japan
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Japan
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1912
Alfred of Malmesbury

Alfred (or Aelfric) (died 999), abbot of Malmesbury, England, and afterwards (c. 990) Bishop of Crediton, was a writer of some celebrity in the tenth century.

References

10th-century births
999 deaths
Abbots of Malmesbury
Bishops of Crediton (ancient)
Writers from Malmesbury
Crestfish

Crestfishes, family Lophotidae, are lampriform fishes found in most oceans. It consists of two extant and four extinct genera.

They are elongated, ribbon-like fishes, silver in color, found in deep tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Their scientific name is from Greek lophos meaning "crest" and refer to the crest (part of the dorsal fin) that emerges from the snout and head; this structure gives them their other name of unicorn fishes.

The extant genera all possess ink sacs that open into their cloacae from which they can produce a cloud of black ink when threatened (as in many cephalopods).

References

Lophotidae

Animal families
Joseph Winner

Joseph Eastburn Winner (1837–1918) was an American composer and music publisher.  He is best known for his tune "The Little Brown Jug" (1869).

He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he operated a publishing business from 1854 to 1907. He sometimes used the pseudonym R. A. Eastburn on his compositions. From 1845 to 1854 he partnered with his brother, the composer Septimus Winner, in the music publishing business.

References

External links
 
 
 Philadelphia Composers and Music Publishers: Joseph Eastburn Winner (1837-1918)
 Little Brown Jug at Allmusic.com

American male composers
American composers
1837 births
1918 deaths
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
American male songwriters
Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 12 hour race

The men's 12 hour race was one of five track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was the final event of the 1896 Summer Olympics, ending at 5 p.m. on 13 April. Seven cyclists from four nations started. The event was won by Adolf Schmal of Austria, the only gold medal in cycling ever won by the nation, until Anna Kiesenhofer's win in the 2020 Women's Road Race. Schmal lapped silver medalist Frederick Keeping of Great Britain early, winning by that lap as the two were the only riders to finish. The 12 hour race was the last event to finish at the 1896 Games.

Background

From 1896 to 1924 (excluding 1912, when no track events were held), the track cycling programme included events at a variety of distances that changed from Games to Games and ranged from the -mile to the 100 kilometres (and, even longer, the unique 12 hours race in 1896 that saw finishers nearly reach 300 kilometres). The 12 hours race was held only in 1896 and was the only time that an Olympic race was based on a set time rather than a fixed distance.

Competition format

As the name suggests, the race was a 12-hour race with the cyclists trying to cover the greatest distance of the field. Pacemakers were allowed. All cyclists started together in a mass start.

Schedule

The day was cold, windy, and rainy, with snow on the mountains. The weather was bad enough to cancel the rowing events scheduled for the same day as the race.

Results

The final cycling race began at 5 a.m. on 13 April. Seven athletes began the race, though four of them dropped out before noon and a fifth gave up in the afternoon. Schmal had lapped the rest of the cyclists early in the race and rode along with Keeping for the rest of the contest, winning by that one lap. The 12 hour race was never included again in the cycling program at the Olympic Games.

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Track cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race

The men's road race was the only road cycling event on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The course was 87 kilometres long and the race was held on 12 April. Seven cyclists from three nations competed. The event was won by Aristidis Konstantinidis of Greece. August von Gödrich of Germany took second, while Edward Battell finished third.

Background

This was the first appearance of the event, which would not be held again until 1936 (though has been held at every Summer Olympics since then). It was an event of particular interest to the Greek hosts, as it followed the course of the marathon won by Spyridon Louis. Seven cyclists entered the event, including the German August von Gödrich, the British Edward Battell, and five Greeks. Battell, who worked at the British Embassy, almost did not get to compete; "[s]ome British officials attempted to prevent him from entering the Olympic cycling events on the grounds that his job disqualified him as a gentleman, and thus he could not be an amateur."

Competition format

The race was on a course that covered 87 kilometres, running from Athens to Marathon and back. At the turn-around point, the cyclists had to "sign a document in the presence of an official, verifying that they had arrived there." The finish was at the velodrome. Officials were stationed all along the road.

Schedule

Results

Konstantinidis led from the start until after the turn at Marathon. His bicycle broke down on the return journey, allowing Battel time to pass him before he was able to get another bicycle and continue. Both Konstantinidis and Battel fell again before finishing, with Battel's fall being severe enough to drop him from first place to third as both Konstantinidis and Gödrich passed him.

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Road cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Men's road race
Unicorn fish

Unicorn fish may refer to:

 Naso (fish), a genus in family Acanthuridae
 Unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros), family Monacanthidae
 Unicorn crestfish (Eumecichthys fiski), family Lophotidae
 Unicorn grenadier (Coelorinchus productus), family Macrouridae
Counting Down the Days (song)

"Counting Down the Days" is the second and final single from Australian singer Natalie Imbruglia's third album, Counting Down the Days (2005). The song reached number 23 in the UK and number 52 in Australia. There are two versions of the song: the first one is the album version found on Counting Down the Days, while the second one is the single version found on the CD single. The main difference between the single and album versions is that the single version does not have a pre-chorus.

The song's lyrics were inspired by Imbruglia's relationship with then-husband Daniel Johns, and the yearning she felt for him while their respective work commitments separated them. They would eventually divorce in early 2008. Johns produced the song.

Track listings
Australian CD single
 "Counting Down the Days"  – 3:09
 "What's the Good in Goodbye"  – 3:57
 "Counting Down the Days"  – 4:09
 "Counting Down the Days" (video)

UK CD1 and European CD single
 "Counting Down the Days"  – 3:09
 "Only You"  – 3:32

UK CD2
 "Counting Down the Days"  – 3:09
 "What's the Good in Goodbye"  – 3:57
 "Counting Down the Days" (video)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2005 singles
2005 songs
Natalie Imbruglia songs
Songs written by Matt Prime
Songs written by Natalie Imbruglia
Hormel (disambiguation)

Hormel, a surname, may refer to:

People with the name
George A. Hormel, founder of Hormel Foods
George "Gordie" Hormel, son of Jay
James Hormel, U.S. Ambassador and heir to the Hormel Foods fortune
Jay Catherwood Hormel, son of George A.

Brands and enterprises
Hormel Corporation, a New York-based creator of coffee carafes and similar products
Hormel Foods Corporation, an Austin, MN-based food company founded by George A. Hormel
Progress Island U.S.A.

Progress Island U.S.A. is a 1973 short subject film directed by  Jorge Delgado and made by the Puerto Rico Economic Development Administration to promote the burgeoning U.S. Commonwealth.

The film, produced by Fucci/Stone Productions, Inc in 1973, presents a description of Puerto Rico of the late 1960s and early 1970s. It shows some of what the island had to offer at that time. The commercial short, which is only 13 minutes long, explains that Puerto Rico is "American in every respect" except for its "360 days of sunshine," due to the results of Operation Bootstrap.

The short appeared in Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode 621, as support for the main feature, The Beast of Yucca Flats.

References

See also
 Mystery Science Theater 3000
 List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes

External links 
 

1973 films
Puerto Rican independent films
Puerto Rican films
1970s English-language films
Bob Lorenz

Robert "Bob" Lorenz (born October 2, 1963) is an American television anchor. He is the primary studio host on the YES Network, and hosts the New York Yankees pregame and postgame shows on YES telecasts, as well as Brooklyn Nets pregame and postgame shows for cablecasts. Lorenz also hosts other shows on YES, including Yankees Hot Stove, a show that tracks the offseason movement of the Yankees and the rest of the teams in MLB. Lorenz has done play-by-play of YES Network's coverage of NCAA football as well as Staten Island Yankees games.

Career

Early career
Lorenz worked for KIEM-TV in Eureka and WPTV-TV in West Palm Beach. He later joined CNN Sports Illustrated. Also, he worked for TBS and TNT hosting various sporting event studio shows. Lorenz hosted CNN's weekly baseball show, CNN's College Football Preview, College Basketball Preview, College Coach's Corner, and CNN's NFL Preview. He was also a back-up host on Inside the NBA on TNT.

YES Network
He hosts the New York Yankees Pre-Game Show and the New York Yankees Post-Game Show  for New York Yankees telecasts on YES, as well as pregame and postgame shows for Brooklyn Nets cablecasts.  Lorenz also hosts other shows on YES, including Yankees Hot Stove, a show that tracks the offseason movements of the Yankees and the rest of the teams in the major leagues. He has also done play-by-play of Staten Island Yankees games and, in 2008, began working play-by-play on Yankees spring training games, which he continued in March 2009. During the 2010 season, Lorenz worked play-by-play for the first time during the regular season, against the Toronto Blue Jays and Seattle Mariners. Lorenz previously hosted Yogi and a Movie, where he watched baseball-related movies with Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra. Lorenz hosted This Week in Football, a show focusing on the New York Giants and New York Jets, as well as the rest of the NFL, for six years. He has also been a fill-in host on the interview show CenterStage.

Personal life
Lorenz briefly attended California State Polytechnic University, Pomona where he played baseball before transferring to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He holds a degree in broadcast journalism from USC.

References

External links
 YES Network Bio

1963 births
Living people
National Basketball Association broadcasters
YES Network
American television sports announcers
Major League Baseball broadcasters
New York Yankees announcers
College football announcers
USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni
Television anchors from New York City
New Jersey Nets announcers
People from Los Angeles County, California
Cal Poly Pomona Broncos baseball players
Great Mall/Main station

Great Mall station (formerly known as Great Mall/Main Transit Center) is a light rail station operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). The station is served by the Orange Line of the VTA Light Rail system. It is an elevated station over the intersection of Great Mall Parkway and Main Street in Milpitas, California. A pedestrian bridge connects the station to the nearby Great Mall of the Bay Area, for which the station is named after.

The station was opened on June 24, 2004, as part of the second phase of VTA's Tasman East light rail extension.

This station formerly served as a major transfer point between VTA Light Rail and bus lines. The transit center was closed and the majority of the bus lines moved to the nearby Milpitas station which opened on December 28, 2019.

Service

Station layout

References

External links 

Great Mall Station – VTA

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
Buildings and structures in Milpitas, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2004
2004 establishments in California
Andrew Allam

Andrew Allam (1655 – 17 June 1685) was an English academic and miscellaneous writer.

Life
The son of a humble family, he was born at Garsington, near Oxford, and was educated under a noted schoolmaster of the time, William Wildgoose, of Brasenose College, at Denton, near his native place. In 1671, he entered at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, of which he subsequently became the vice-principal. In 1680 he took holy orders.

Works
His chief works are some additions to Edward Chamberlayne's Angliae Notitia (1684), and to Helvicus's Historical and Chronological Theatre, (published 1687); the Epistle prefixed to Richard Cosin's Ecclesiae Anglicanae Politeia, &c, containing an account of the doctor's life; and a translation of the life of Iphicrates, Oxford 1684. He assisted Anthony Wood in his Athenae Oxon, and had projected a Notitia Ecclesiae Anglicanae, or History of Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing his plan.

Notes

References

1655 births
1685 deaths
English religious writers
17th-century English historians
English antiquarians
People from South Oxfordshire District
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 kilometres

The men's 25 kilometres was one of three cycling events, all track cycling, on the Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics programme that were open to all amateurs, had more than one nation participating and no handicapping. It was held on 15 September. Ten cyclists competed. Four had already competed in the sprint event. The result of the race proved Louis Bastien of France to be the top long-distance cyclist present, while Lloyd Hildebrand finished in second and Auguste Daumain in third. One of the contestants, Louis Trousselier, would go on to win the 1905 Tour de France. Prizes were awarded to the top four finishers: art objects valued at 400 francs (for first place), 300 francs (for second), 200 francs (third), and 100 francs (fourth).

Background

From 1896 to 1924 (excluding 1912, when no track events were held), the track cycling programme included events at a variety of distances that changed from Games to Games and ranged from the -mile to the 100 kilometres (and, even longer, the unique 12 hours race in 1896 that saw finishers exceed 300 kilometres). The 25 kilometres was held only in 1900. Louis Bastien was the favorite, having won the 100 kilometres world championship, with John Henry Lake (the sprint bronze medalist) and Lloyd Hildebrand also expected to do well.

Competition format

As the name suggests, the race was 25 kilometres in length. The track was 500 metres in length, so there were 50 laps. A single race was held.

Schedule

Results

Bastien took the lead early. Lake and Hildebrand were close behind, until Lake dropped out. Bertrand was 3 laps behind.

References

 International Olympic Committee medal winners database
 De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Cycling - track 1900".  Accessed 19 March 2006. Available electronically at  .
 

Track cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic track cycling events
Helen Makower

Helen Makower (1 June 1910 in London – 17 May 1998 in Marlborough, Wiltshire) was a British economist. She was the daughter of the writer and music critic Stanley Makower. Graduating from Newnham College, Cambridge (M.A. Oxon, inc. awarded 1938, and with a Ph.D. in Economics (London School of Economics and Political Science) 1937, she joined Jacob Marschak's Oxford Institute of Statistics before serving in Frederick Lindemann's S-Branch, Sir Winston Churchill's private economics and statistics service, during World War II. After the war, she served briefly with the British Control Commission in Germany and later with the United Nations, before returning to academia and the London School of Economics, where she retired as a Reader in 1977. Makower was at the forefront of the statistical turn in the British economics of the 1930s, and remained an influential figure after the war, acting as an important link between the mathematical economics developed at the Cowles Commission and British economics.

Works
Makower, Helen, Activity Analysis and the Theory of Economic Equilibrium (London : Macmillan 1957).

Bibliography

Lancaster, K. J. (1987), "Makower, Helen". In J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman, The New Palgrave, vol. 3, London: Macmillan, p. 280.

References

1910 births
1998 deaths
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British women economists
20th-century  British economists
People from Marlborough, Wiltshire
Nikolai Arkharov

Nikolai Petrovich Arkharov (; 7 May 1740 – January 1814) was a Russian chief of police best known for having given his name to the Russian term "arkharovtsy", an ironic appellation of policemen.

Biography
Nikolai Arkharov came from a noble family. In 1754 he was enrolled at the Guards, in 1756 started the service as soldier of the Preobrazhensky regiment and in 1761 was promoted to officer.

His rising began after the mission of 1771 into Moscow, enveloped by the disastrous epidemic of plague and mutiny (known as the Plague Riot), under the direction of Count Grigori Orlov. Count Orlov arrived to Moscow on 26 September 1771 with numerous doctors and four Guards regiments. Arkharov proved himself as energetic and executive officer. Apparently, with the aid of Orlov, with whom he was familiar earlier, Arkharov was transferred into the police with the rank of colonel.

After the successfully conducted inquest of the case of Yemelyan Pugachev Arkharov was appointed in 1775 the Chief of police in Moscow. Here he distinguished himself as one of the best detective of that time. His subordinates were called by people "arkharovtsy" - this word in the course of time became nominal. Catherine II sometimes invited Arkharov into Petersburg for the investigation of serious thefts.

On 28 July 1777 he became major general, in 1779 received the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree and from 1782, he was a Moscow governor. In 1783 Arkharov was elevated into general-ensign, in 1785 became the general-governor of Tver and Novgorod. From 1790 he was also the director of the water communications and significantly contributed to the canal-building in his region.

From 1795 to 1796 he was General Governor of St Petersburg. Upon his accession to the throne, Emperor Paul I awarded Arkharov the Order of Alexander Nevsky, promoted him to full general and appointed him the second general governor of St Petersburg (the first was Grand Prince Alexandr Pavlovich).

On 15 June 1797 Arkharov was dismissed and was exiled into Tambov governorate without the right to visit both the capitals. This right was returned to him in the next reign.

Nikolai Arkharov died and buried in his estate Rasskazovo near Tambov.

References
 
  Длуголенский Я.Н.  Военно-гражданская и полицейская власть Санкт-Петербурга - Петрограда. Генерал-губернаторы, гражданские губернаторы, градоначальники., St Petersburg, 2002

18th-century military personnel from the Russian Empire
1740 births
1814 deaths
Imperial Russian Army generals
Russian municipal police chiefs
Russian police chiefs
Afra Mall

Afra Mall  () is a shopping mall in Khartoum, Sudan. It opened in 2004 and is the first shopping mall in the country. 

The mall is two stories and has an area of . It contains a hypermarket, a movie theater, an ice-skating rink, an internet cafe, a food court, currency exchanges, and a variety of shops. 

A substantial portion of the shopping center burned in early May 2012; the mall was subsequently renovated.

References

Shopping malls in Sudan
Buildings and structures completed in 2004
Buildings and structures in Khartoum
Shopping malls established in 2004
Shawforth

Shawforth ( ) is a ward in the township of Whitworth within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. It lies amongst the South Pennines along the course of the River Spodden and A671 road.

Shawforth in the Middle Ages was a hamlet within the township of Spotland and parish of Rochdale.

Shawforth railway station served Shawforth from 1881 until its closure in 1947.

It is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency, with Jake Berry having been the Member of Parliament since 2010.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Villages in Lancashire
Geography of the Borough of Rossendale
Tuğçe Kazaz

Tuğçe Kazaz (born 26 August 1982) is a Turkish model, actress and Miss Turkey 2001.

Biography 
Kazaz was born in Edremit, Balıkesir Province. She was educated in international relations at the Yeditepe University in Istanbul.

She acted as Arzu in the youth series Kampüsistan and period series "Son Yaz Balkanlar 1912" alongside Hazal Kaya, Furkan Palalı. He had leading role in period film Uzun Hikaye alongside Kenan İmirzalıoğlu. She played in the Greek movie Loafing and Camouflage: Sirens in the Aegean where she met her ex-husband, George Seitaridis. Before her marriage in September 2005, she converted to Orthodox Christianity to be of the same religion as her husband, an act that caused some negative reaction in her country. She also said about her change of religion "only God can judge me". After 3 years of marriage she ended up divorcing and came back to her homeland. Kazaz became a Muslim again. Kazaz stated that she quit smoking, drinking and night life, and claimed that she rejected an offer to be one of Victoria's Secret's angels, according to a Turkish media. She was a keynote speaker in the anti-LGBT protest in Istanbul, where she declared war on LGBT rights.

Filmography
 Kampüsistan (2003), TV series
Loafing and Camouflage: Sirens in the Aegean (2005)
 Uzun Hikâye (2012), Film
 Son Yaz (2012), Film
 Kafkas (2014), Film

References

External links 
 
 Tuğçe Kazaz 

1982 births
Living people
Miss Turkey winners
Miss World 2001 delegates
People from Edremit, Balıkesir
Deputies of Balıkesir
Turkish film actresses
Turkish female models
Turkish Islamists
Yeditepe University alumni
Turkish Sunni Muslims
Turkish monarchists
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Islam
Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
John Khetsuriani

John Khetsuriani (born 23 November 1951) is a Georgian lawyer.

Khetsuriani was born in Lailashi, in the Tsageri region. He received his secondary education in Kutaisi, before graduating from Tbilisi State University in law and economics. He undertook post-graduate studies at the Georgian Academy of Sciences, before defending a thesis at the Kharkov Law Institute on the "Significance of Moral Rules in Civil Law" in 1977.

In 1990, Khetsuriani was appointed the first Deputy Minister of Justice in the new Republic of Georgia, and went on to serve as Minister of Justice from 1990 to 1992. In 1992, he became Assistant Professor at Tbilisi State University, and was appointed Professor at that institution in 1994 after his successful defence of his doctoral thesis on the "Functions of Civil Law".

In 1995, Khetsuriani returned to political life, becoming Parliamentary Secretary to the President of Georgia, and serving again as Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2000, before returning to his secretaryship from November 2000 to July 2001. From 1999 to 2000, he was also a member of the National Security Council of Georgia, a member of the Council of Justice of Georgia and a member of the Consultative Economic Council.

Khetsuriani is the author of numerous scientific works, including 6 books on civil law, constitutional law and criminal law issues. He was awarded the Laureate of the Union Youth Award in the scientific field in 1982.

Khetsuriani actively participated in the investigation of the tragedy of 9 April 1989. He was a co-author of the Act on the Restoration of State Independence in 1991, and  participated in the drafting of the Constitution of Georgia and the Civil Code of Georgia. He acted as a member of the State Constitutional Commission.

He is also a member of the Dissertation Council and of the Presidium of the Scientific Council of Learned Experts at Tbilisi State University. He was awarded the special title of the Chief State Counsellor of Justice, the Judge Class Rank of the Higher Qualification Grade.

On 6 July 2001, Khetsuriani was appointed a member of the Constitutional Court of Georgia by the President of Georgia and on 10 July 2001, he was unanimously elected the President of the Constitutional Court by the Plenum of the Court.

On 25 December 2001, he was elected a Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences.

Khetsuriani is married and has a son.

References

Politicians from Georgia (country)
1951 births
Living people
Judges from Georgia (country)