alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Garanti BBVA

Garanti BBVA (legal name Türkiye Garanti Bankası A.Ş; formerly referred to as Garanti Bank in English) is a Turkish financial services company based in Turkey. 86% of Garanti's stakes are owned by the Spanish bank Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA).

Overview 
Garanti Bank is the second largest private bank in Turkey with US$104.1 billion consolidated assets as of March 31, 2013.  Having shares publicly traded in Turkey, the UK and the US, Garanti has an actual free float of 50.76% as of March 31, 2013; Garanti shares are publicly traded in Turkey and depository receipts in the UK and the US.

Garanti provides services in all business lines including payment systems, retail, commercial, corporate, SME, private and investment banking. Together with its domestic and international subsidiaries (Garanti Bank International, Garanti Bank SA, Garanti Bank Moscow), Garanti offers service also in pension and life insurance, leasing, factoring, brokerage and asset management.

Garanti serves twelve million customers through 872 domestic branches, 7 foreign branches in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and one in Malta; 2 international representative offices in Düsseldorf and Shanghai; more than 5,290 ATMs; a call center and Internet, mobile and social banking platforms built on technological infrastructure.

Ownership
The shares of the stock of Garanti Bank are traded on the Borsa Istanbul, LSE and OTCQX. The shareholding in the bank's stock is as depicted in the table below:

Member companies
The companies that comprise the Garanti Bank Group include, but are not limited to, the following:
 Garanti Bank International N.V.
 Garanti Bank Moscow
 Garanti Bank Romania
 Garanti Asset Management
 Garanti Securities
 Garanti Pension
 Garanti Leasing
 Garanti Factoring
 Garanti Payment Systems
 Garanti Mortgage
 Garanti Technology

References

Sources 
 

Turkish brands
Banks established in 1946
Banks of Turkey
Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange
Companies based in Istanbul
Doğuş Group
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
Turkish companies established in 1946
Newton St Petrock

Newton St Petrock is an ecclesiastical and civil parish in the Torridge district of Devon in England, occupying approximately . The parish had a population in 2001 of 163.

A mile to the east of the village are the earthwork remains of Durpley Castle, a medieval motte-and-bailey castle.

The parish's landmark is an ancient oak.  Its map profile is, appropriately, that of an acorn. Its western border follows the River Torridge.  It is contiguous with the parishes of Abbots Bickington, Bulkworthy, Shebbear and Milton Damerel.  King Athelstan, in the 10th century, granted the lands of "Niwantun" to the priests of St Petroc's minster at Bodmin. The boundaries of St Petroc's Niwantun remain the same today except for some expansion to the ecclesiastical and civil parish on its north side to include part of what was called Cleave in the Middle Ages, and what was once a detached part of the parish of Frithelstock in the 19th century. The population of this rural parish has remained stable over the last two centuries. In 1801, the population was 201 and this had fallen to 163 by 2001.

In the late 17th century Newton St Petrock was the home of England's first female physician, Prudence Abbott Potter.  A 19th-century rector, John Lemprière, wrote a Classical Dictionary used for generations in schools throughout the English-speaking world.

A Baptist chapel was opened at Bullator on 19 January 1830 on the property of Mr Frank Thorne, the local blacksmith, who might be considered the first pastor although the cause began twelve years earlier when the Rev. John Gould retired from Croyde and settled in the parish.

Like many North Devon parishes, Newton St Petrock's numerous sons and daughters emigrated to urban centres, to industrial sites in South Wales, to Canada and elsewhere in the second half of the 19th century.

References

External links

Villages in Devon
Torridge District
Cram (surname)

Cram is a surname, and may refer to

 Alastair Cram (1909–1994), Scottish mountaineer, lawyer and Second World War British Army officer
 Allen Gilbert Cram (1886–1947), American painter
 Bobby Cram (1939–2007), English footballer
 Cleveland Cram (1917–1999), American CIA station chief and historian
 Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), Nobel Prize–winning American chemist
 Edith Claire Cram (1880–1960), American peace activist and heiress
 Eloise Blaine Cram (1896–1957), American parasitologist
 George F. Cram (1842–1928), American map publisher
 George Henry Cram (1838–1872), Union Army colonel during the American Civil War
 Holly Cram (born 1984), Scottish field hockey player
 Jerry Cram (born 1947), American former baseball pitcher and coach
 Mildred Cram (1889–1985), American writer
 Ralph Adams Cram (1863–1942), American architect
 Ralph W. Cram (1869–1952), American newspaper publisher and aviator
 Scott Cram (born 1977), Australian-born former Scotland international rugby league footballer
 Steve Cram (born 1960), British former middle-distance runner
 Thomas J. Cram (1804–1883), American topographical engineer
Altoona Area School District

The Altoona Area School District is a large, urban, public school district based in Altoona, Pennsylvania. The school district  encompasses    which includes all of Altoona, Logan Township and a small portion of Tyrone Township. 

According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 63,248. Per District officials, in school year 2007-08 the Altoona Area School District provided basic educational services to 7,946 pupils. The district employed 569 teachers, 557 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 36 administrators. Altoona Area School District had a student body of approximately 8,000 in 2000, it was the 18th largest school district in Pennsylvania.  It is one of the largest employers in Blair County with a staff of over 1,500. In 2002, the Altoona Area School District achieved its long-term goal of becoming ISO 9001 certified.  It was the fifth school district in the United States to achieve this designation.

Schools
The Altoona Area School District operates fifteen campuses, including one senior high, one junior high, and eight elementary schools. There are also several support locations.

Secondary schools
 Altoona Area High School
 Altoona Area Junior High School
 William P. Kimmel Alternative School
 Greater Altoona Career and Technology Center

Elementary schools
 McAuliffe Heights Program at Irving
 Juniata Elementary
 Juniata Gap Elementary
 Logan Elementary
 Baker Elementary
 Ebner Elementary
 Penn-Lincoln Elementary
 Pleasant Valley Elementary
 The Learning Express at WJ - preschool
 Wright Elementary (Now Closed)
 Washington & Jefferson Elementary (Now Serves as The Learning Express at WJ Preschool)

Extracurriculars
The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports. It owns three fields with artificial turfs that enhance physical education, intramural and interscholastic athletic opportunities.

Old / no longer used elementary schools and former address
 Wilson Elementary (Eveningtide Avenue and Hemlock Street)
Still standing as Woodrow Wilson Apartments
 Lowell Elementary (1601 5th Ave., Juniata)
 Wehnwood Elementary (320 E. Wopsononock Ave.)
Still standing as Blair-Bedford Central Labor Council
 Keystone Elementary (1601 5th Ave., Juniata)
 Jefferson Elementary(4th Ave. and 2nd Street)
Now Jefferson Park
  Fairview Elementary (331 22nd Ave.)
 Now Fairview Apartments
  Garfield Elementary (1428 20th St.)
  Building demolished, now a vacant lot
Curtain Elementary (2900 block West Chestnut Avenue) 
 building partially demolished 
 Edison Elementary 
(building demolished, now Ebner Elementary)

See also
 Dutch Hill (Altoona)

References

External links
Official website

Altoona, Pennsylvania
School districts in Blair County, Pennsylvania
Numeris

Numeris (formerly the Bureau of Broadcast Measurement, or BBM Canada) is a Canadian audience measurement organization. Established on May 11, 1944 as a division of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters, Numeris is the sole provider of viewership numbers for television and radio broadcasters in Canada.

History 

Numeris was founded by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters on May 11, 1944 as the Bureau of Broadcast Measurement.

In 1964, it became the first ratings service in the world to introduce computerized sample selection. In 2004, the organization began a joint venture with Nielsen Media Research to adopt its Portable People Meter system for television audience measurement.

The organization officially shortened its name to BBM Canada in 2001; despite this, many outlets still referred to the organization under its previous name. In late December 2011, BBM sued Canadian technology company Research in Motion for trademark infringement, as it uses the "BBM" acronym to refer to its BlackBerry Messenger service. The organization alleged that it had received phone calls from users who believed that they were affiliated with RIM. RIM objected to the lawsuit, arguing that both companies were in unrelated industries. The suit was dismissed in 2012 by Canadian federal courts as being without merit. BBM Canada ultimately chose to adopt a different name.

On June 19, 2014, BBM Canada re-branded as Numeris, unveiling a new logo designed by the agency Cundari, along with a new slogan, "Audiences Count". The company felt that the BBM name, especially given the continued use of its full name by media outlets, evoked visions of "surveys and bureaucracy" that were inconsistent with its modern operation.

On August 28, 2022, Numeris ceased publication of TV Topline Reports.

Radio 

In radio, Numeris is the main provider of ratings services. The company has traditionally used a diary-based system for tracking radio audience habits and this system is still used in most markets.  In Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton and Calgary ratings are now measured using the Portable People Meter (PPM) technology.

Television 

In television, Numeris is partnered with the American company Nielsen in a joint venture which measures the Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal Anglo and Montreal Franco markets, the Ontario region and national ratings figures via Portable People Meters. Numeris is the senior partner in the joint venture, and also continues to independently monitor some markets — primarily the francophone television market in Quebec, and some smaller media markets — which are not served by the joint operation, through diaries.

See also 

 List of most watched television broadcasts in Canada
 List of most-watched television broadcasts

References

External links 

 

Market research companies of Canada
Audience measurement
1944 establishments in Canada
Radio organizations in Canada
Television organizations in Canada
Saturday Teenage Kick

Saturday Teenage Kick is the first studio album by the Dutch electronic musician Junkie XL, released in 1997.

This album features vocal work by Patrick 'Rude Boy' Tilon from the Dutch group Urban Dance Squad.

Some of the album tracks (Dealing with the Roster, War, No Remorse, X-Panding Limits, Def Beat, Mulu, Underachievers, and a live version of Fight) were added to the hoax The Prodigy album The Castbreeder in 1998 under different names.

Track listing
 "Underachievers" – 5:32
 "Billy Club" – 4:08
 "No Remorse" – 6:40
 "Metrolike" – 5:37
 "X-Panding Limits" – 3:17
 "War" – 2:49
 "Saturday Teenage Kick" – 4:15
 "Dealing with the Roster" – 5:27
 "Fight" – 5:38
 "Melange" – 4:07
 "Def Beat" – 4:54
 "Future in Computer Hell" – 17:51
 "Mulu" (hidden track) – starts 8:03 into the above track (only on the Netherlands, Poland, Australia and digital releases, other releases end where Mulu starts)

Personnel 
 Tom Holkenborg – producer, writer, engineering, mixing, programming, keyboards, bass, guitars
 Silver Surfering Rudeboy – vocals, songwriting
 Rene van der Zee - guitars
 Dino Cazares - guitars
 Baz Mattie – drums
 Hay Zeelen - mastering
 Lucas van Slegtenhorst - A&R

References

Junkie XL albums
1997 debut albums
Roadrunner Records albums
Angleton Independent School District

Angleton ISD is a public school district in Angleton, Texas (USA), operating 5 levels of education.  Established in 1897, AISD encompasses  in Brazoria County, serving Angleton as well as the Village of Bonney, the Sandy Point census-designated place, parts of the CDP of Rosharon, and the unincorporated areas of Chocolate Bayou, Lochridge, and Otey.

Finances
As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $2,145,243,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.104 and the bond tax rate was $0.042 per $100 of appraised valuation.

Academic achievement
In 2011, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.  Thirty-five percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking).

Historical district TEA accountability ratings
2011: Recognized
2010: Exemplary
2009: Recognized
2008: Recognized
2007: Recognized
2006: Academically Acceptable
2005: Academically Acceptable
2004: Recognized

Schools
In the 2011–2012 school year, the district had students in twelve schools.

Regular instructional
High schools
Angleton High School (Grades 9-12)
Junior high schools
Angleton Junior High School (Grades 6-8)
Elementary schools
Central Elementary (Grades PK-5)
Frontier Elementary (Grades K-5)
Northside Elementary (Grades PK-5)
Rancho Isabella Elementary (Grades K-5)
Southside Elementary (Grades K-5)
Westside Elementary (Grades K-5)

Alternative instructional
Angleton High School - ACE (Grades 9-12)
Brazoria County Juvenile Detention (Grades 5-12)
Brazoria County Alternative Education Center (Grades 3-12)
Student Alternative Center (DAEP Grades 1-12)

Special programs

Athletics
Angleton High School participates in the boys sports of baseball, basketball, football, soccer, and swimming. The school participates in the girls sports of basketball, soccer, softball, swimming, and volleyball. For the 2020 through 2022 school years, Angleton High School will play football in UIL Class 5A.

Operations
Students more than  away from their schools are entitled to school bus services. Within the 2 miles, the district does not always grant school bus service.

See also

List of school districts in Texas
List of high schools in Texas

References

External links

Angleton, Texas
School districts in Brazoria County, Texas
Gone for Good

Gone for Good may refer to:
"Gone for Good," a song by Morphine from their 1995 album Yes
"Gone for Good", a song by The Shins from their 2003 album Chutes Too Narrow
Gone for Good (novel), a novel by Harlan Coben
Gone for Good (TV series), Netflix original series based on the novel by Coben
Gus Mitges

Constantine George "Gus" Mitges, B.V.Sc., D.V.M., V.S. (5 February 1919 – 1 November 2009) was a Greek-Canadian member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1972 to 1993. By career, he was a veterinarian.

Mitges was born in Psili Vrisi, Greece. He came to Canada at the age of six and grew up in Guelph. A veterinarian by profession, he entered politics when he served as a school board member. In 1966, he was elected as an alderman in Owen Sound, where he served until his election to the House of Commons.

Mitges was elected to Parliament in the 1972 federal election for the Progressive Conservative Party in the riding of Grey—Simcoe. He was subsequently re-elected for consecutive terms until the 1988 federal election, serving from the 29th through the 34th Canadian Parliaments. After ridings were rearranged in 1987, Mitges sought re-election for his final political term in the Bruce—Grey riding. He left federal politics in 1993, not seeking re-election in that year's federal election.

In 1986 Mitges introduced a private member's motion calling on the government to amend the Constitution of Canada to enshrine fetal rights in Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which if enacted would constitutionally limit access to abortion in Canada. The motion was debated in 1987 and was defeated on a vote of 62 to 89.

He was married twice: first to Velma Martin and later to Yolanda Odorico. Mitges was president of the Owen Sound Little Theatre and served as a director of Theatre Ontario in 1971. In 1995, he was named a Commander of the Greek Order of the Phoenix.

On 1 November 2009, Mitges died at Guelph General Hospital, aged 90.

References

External links

1919 births
2009 deaths
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Canadian veterinarians
Male veterinarians
Greek emigrants to Canada
Canadian people of Greek descent
Commanders of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
People from Tegea
Canadian anti-abortion activists
Renu

Renu may refer to:

ReNu, a brand of soft contact lens care products
Renu (footballer), Indian footballer
Renu (boxer), Indian boxer
Renadive, Indian cinematographer

See also
Renuka (disambiguation)
Cottonville

Cottonville may refer to:

Places
Australia
 Cottonville, South Australia, the name given to a former part of the Adelaide suburb of Westbourne Park, South Australia
United States
 Cottonville, Alabama
 Cottonville, Iowa
 Cottonville, Mississippi
 Cottonville, North Carolina
 Cottonville, Wisconsin
Jean-Adam Guilain

Jean-Adam Guilain (real name Johann Adam Wilhelm Freinsberg) (c. 1680 – after 1739) was a German organist and harpsichordist who was mostly active in Paris during the first half of the eighteenth century.

Little is known about his life. He was born in Germany, possibly around 1680 (the exact dates of birth and death are unknown). For an unknown reason he moved to France some time before 1702, and almost certainly became one of Louis Marchand's pupils - Guilain's organ collection is dedicated to Marchand, by then a prominent organ teacher. Guilain died some time after 1739, the year when he published a collection of harpsichord pieces. A unique copy may be found in the collection of the British Library.  The volume is entitled "PIECES DE CLAVECIN / D'UN GOUT NOUVEAU / PAR Mr. GUILAIN./ Gravées par De Gland Graveur du Roy./ Prix 3l./ A PARIS. The 26 pieces of this anthology, carry the following titles:

Fanfare - Je veux Garder - Le Beau B.T. - Amis - Ton H.C. - Babé L.R. - Joconde - Mirtil - Mon Cousin - Tircis Couché - Ma Cloris - L'autre jour - Mamy Margot -  O Gué - Pierre B.- Les Pelerins 1er Air - 2e Air - Boire a son tour - je suis encor - Bransle de Metz - On dit - Allons - La Tétard - Menuet Allemand

Although he came from Germany, Guilain's musical style appears to be in the pure French tradition.

A single collection of organ pieces (Pièces d'orgue pour le Magnificat sur les huit tons différents de l'église) was published in 1706 in two volumes, of which only one is now extant. The full collection included eight suites of pieces for use with the Magnificat, one suite for each church mode. Each suite contained seven short movements that were to alternate with the vocal parts of the liturgy.

Suite du premier ton :
 Plein jeu - Trio - Duo - Basse de trompette - Récit - Dialogue - Petit plein jeu
Suite du deuxième ton :
 Prélude - Tierce en taille - Duo - Basse de trompette - Trio de flûtes - Dialogue - Petit plein jeu
Suite du troisième ton :
 Plein jeu - Quatuor - Dialogue de voix humaine - Basse de trompette - Duo - Grand jeu - Petit plein jeu
Suite du quatrième ton :
 Plein jeu - Cromorne en taille - Duo - Basse de cromorne - Trio - Dialogue - Petit plein jeu

See also
French organ school
French baroque harpsichordists

External links
 Recordings of several pieces composed by Guilain
 

1680s births
18th-century deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death unknown
French Baroque composers
French male classical composers
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians
17th-century male musicians
So Says I

So Says I is a song by American indie rock band The Shins, the third track of their second album Chutes Too Narrow.  It was released as a single on 21 September 2003 on Sub Pop Records.

The song was written by the band's lead singer, James Mercer.  His lyrics reference and compare life under communist and capitalist economic systems.

This song is performed by The Shins live in the Gilmore Girls season four episode, "Girls in Bikinis, Boys Doin' The Twist."

It remains a fan favorite and is often performed as a set closer at their live shows.

Music video
The music video was directed and animated by Plates Animation Inc. It starts with a 'prehistoric' penguin extracting a tooth from a walrus (the tooth is symbolic throughout the video, as a metaphor to materialism).  The penguins are divided into Communist and capitalist roles as the video progresses.  The 'Red' penguins are in upheaval (similar to actual historic events).  Ominously, the 'Red' penguin leaders are moving strategic assets in a war room, focusing their attention to the West.

The 'Capitalist' penguins (with ties) are oblivious to the world outside their lives.  A derelict penguin (sans tie) is begging for spare fish. One penguin finally shows pity and gives a walrus tooth to the homeless penguin.  The video closes out with a protest (which mirrors an earlier protest by Red Penguins).  Both sets of protesters ironically want the same thing, as many of the signs for both have the same message ("Let us Fly" and "Free the Penguin").

Single track listing
 "So Says I" - (2:47)
 "Mild Child" - (4:28)
 "Gone for Good (alternate version)" - (3:07)

References

External links
The Shins official website
Sub Pop Records
"So Says I" (music video, QuickTime format)

The Shins songs
2003 singles
Songs written by James Mercer (musician)
2003 songs
Fighting in a Sack

"Fighting in a Sack" is a song by American indie rock band The Shins, and is the sixth track on their second album Chutes Too Narrow. It was released as the second single from the album.

Track listing
 "Fighting in a Sack"  
 "Baby Boomerang" (T. Rex Cover)  
 "New Slang" (Live) - Featuring Iron & Wine
 "So Says I" (video)

References

The Shins songs
2004 singles
2003 songs
Songs written by James Mercer (musician)
Sub Pop singles
KKJB

KKJB (channel 39) is a television station in Boise, Idaho, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Telemundo network. It is owned by Cocola Broadcasting alongside six low-power stations. KKJB's transmitter is located north of the city in the Boise National Forest.

History
KKJB signed on the air in July 2005 as an affiliate of America One. In 2009, the station switched its affiliation to Daystar. In 2014, KKJB changed its Daystar affiliation to Telemundo.

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
Because it was granted an original construction permit after the FCC finalized the DTV allotment plan on April 21, 1997, the station did not receive a companion channel for a digital television station. KKJB shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 39, instead, on or before June 12, 2009. The station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation UHF channel 39.

On November 30, 2018, KKJB switched from channel 39 to channel 15.

References

Television channels and stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Idaho
Telemundo network affiliates
Cozi TV affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
Buzzr affiliates
KJB
Antimony pentachloride

Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers.

Preparation and structure
Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:
SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5

Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure.

Reactions
This compounds reacts with water to form antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid:
2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5·H2O and SbCl5·4H2O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl5 is a soft Lewis acid and its ECW model parameters are EA = 3.64 and CA = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.  For example aromatic ethers are oxidized to their radical cations according to the following stoichiometry:
3SbCl5 + 2 ArH → 2(ArH+)(SbCl6−) +  SbCl3

Applications
Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

Precautions
Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.

References

External links

Antimony(V) compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Oxidizing agents
Louise Lee

Louise Lee Si-kei (; born 26 September 1950, Tianjin) is a Hong Kong actress and former Chinese Canadian newscaster.

Biography
Louise was crowned in 1968 when she competed in the Hong Kong Princess beauty pageant. Li left Hong Kong in the mid to late 1980s and briefly was a news anchor at Toronto's Chinavision Canada station. She left Canada and returned to Hong Kong to resume her acting career with TVB.

Louise, Liza Wang, Gigi Wong, Angie Chiu were named the 4 most valued TVB actresses in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 2007, she won the coveted Best Actress award in the 40th TVB Anniversary Awards for her role as "Ling Hau" in Heart of Greed.

In 2008, she won the "My Favourite Female Character" at the 41st TVB Anniversary Awards for her role as "Chung Siu-Hor" in Moonlight Resonance.

At the 2010 TVB Anniversary Awards, she won the "Lifetime Acting Achievement Award", being the first to win 3 major awards.

In December 2014, Louise ended her contract with TVB with her last appearance in Romantic Repertoire as Lin Sau-Fong. She will be pursuing acting roles in Mainland China in the future.

Personal life
Louise was treated for cancer and continues to live in Hong Kong and travels to Canada to visit her family. Her daughter is Toronto radio DJ Leslie Yip with A1 Chinese Radio (formerly with Toronto First Radio). She is a Christian and a member of Artistes Christian Fellowship.

Filmography

MediaCorp TV Channel 8 series

TVB Series

Awards and nominations

TVB Anniversary Awards
2007: Best Actress (Heart of Greed)
2008: My Favourite Female Character (Moonlight Resonance)
2010: Lifetime Achievement Award

Others
Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards 2008 – Favourite Leading Actress Award – Role as 'Ling Hau' in Heart of Greed.

Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards 2008 – Most Unforgettable Moment Award – the scene in which she as the 'Dai Kei' quarrels with 'Sai Kei' regarding 'Sai Kei' and Ling Bo handling 'dirty-money' business in Episode 13.

Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards 2008 – Top 12 Favourite Characters Award – one of the character won in the category, as 'Ling Hau' in Heart of Greed too.

References

External links
 

|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | TVB Anniversary Awards

1950 births
Living people
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian television journalists
Hong Kong emigrants to Canada
Hong Kong film actresses
Hong Kong television actresses
Naturalized citizens of Canada
TVB veteran actors
Canadian women television journalists
20th-century Hong Kong actresses
21st-century Hong Kong actresses
Man and Nature

Man and Nature: Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action, first published in 1864, was written by American polymath scholar and diplomat George Perkins Marsh. Marsh intended it to show that "whereas [others] think the earth made man, man in fact made the earth". As a result, he warned that man could destroy himself and the Earth if we don't restore and sustain global resources and raise awareness about our actions. It is one of the first works to document the effects of human action on the environment and it helped to launch the modern conservation movement.

Marsh is remembered by scholars as a profound and observant student of men, books and nature with a wide range of interests ranging from history to poetry and literature. His wide array of knowledge and great natural powers of mind gave him the ability to speak and write about every topic of inquire with the assertive authority of a genuine investigator. He initially got the idea for "man and Nature" from his observations in his New England home and his foreign travels devoted to similar inquiries.  Marsh wrote the book in line with the view that human life and action is a transformative phenomenon, especially in relation to nature, and due to personal economic interests. He felt that men were too quick to lessen their sense of responsibility and he was  "unwilling to leave the world worse than he found it".

The book challenges the myth of the inexhaustibility of the earth and the belief that human impact on the environment is negligible by drawing similarities to the ancient civilization of the Mediterranean. Marsh argued that ancient Mediterranean civilizations collapsed through environmental degradation. Deforestation led to eroded soils that led to decreased soil productivity. Additionally, the same trends could be found occurring in the United States. The book was one of the most influential books of its time, next to Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, inspiring conservation and reform in the USA since it forebode what happened to an ancient civilisation when it depleted and exhausted its natural resources. The book was instrumental in the creation of Adirondack Park in New York and the United States National Forest. Gifford Pinchot, first Chief of the United States Forest Service, called it "epoch making" and Stewart Udall wrote that it was "the beginning of land wisdom in this country."

The book is divided into six chapters.
 Introductory
 Transfer, Modification, and Extirpation of Vegetable and of Animal Species
 The Woods
 The Waters
 The Sands
 Projected or Possible Geographical Changes by Man

See also
Anthropocene
 Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed

References

Further reading

External links 
 Man and Nature at Internet Archive (digital editions)
  Full Text of Book from the Library of Congress

1864 non-fiction books
1860s in the environment
Environmental non-fiction books
George Perkins Marsh
Environmental conservation
Books about environmentalism
Works about societal collapse
Lake Charles (Louisiana)

Lake Charles () is a brackish lake located on the Calcasieu River in Southwest Louisiana, United States, situated almost entirely within the Lake Charles city limits. The Calcasieu Ship Channel flows along the western side for large ships to pass and is the western boundary of the city limits. The I-10 Calcasieu River Bridge crosses at the extreme northwestern edge of the lake and river and connects the city of Lake Charles and the city of Westlake.

Contamination
The lake and Calcasieu estuary has been embroiled in controversy since the 1994 Condea Vista ethylene dichloride pipeline spill. The spill, according to the web site Axiom Amnesia was estimated between 19 and 47 million pounds and is considered "one of the largest in U.S. History". The affected part of the estuary includes (but is not limited to) the Calcasieu River from northern Moss Lake up to the salt water barrier, that is north of both the existing bridge and any realigned new bridge in Lake Charles. The affected area includes Bayou d'Inde, Bayou Verdine, dredged spoil islands, and Clooney and Coon Island Loop.

The spill has brought about lawsuits from individuals plaintiffs (500 of them), with some settlements accepted amounting to $50 million, stories of corporate espionage, and a lawsuit between ConocoPhillips and Sasol North America, the Department of Justice, the Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Attorney with federal trustee's being the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) that amounts to almost $15 million.

Calcasieu River Bridge

The I-10 bridge has been part of a controversy since 2002 concerning bridge safety issues and replacement with a detailed report that provided planning for a new bridge and corridor improvements. As of 2015 there have been some corridor improvements but any new bridge is not in the near foreseeable future. An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was started in 2013, a draft was completed during the summer of 2015, and a final EIS and record of decision is due by the spring of 2016. Any future inside corridor construction, especially concerning any new bridge, will be delayed until after that date. The final draft decision will also provide a "no build" alternative.

References

External links

Charles
Bodies of water of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Estuaries of Louisiana
Euphemia I, Countess of Ross

Euphemia I (d. 1394 x 1398), also called Euphemia of Ross and Euphemia Ross, and sometimes incorrectly styled Euphemia Leslie and Euphemia Stewart (Scottish women in this period did not abandon natal names for married names), was a Countess of Ross in her own right.

Biography

Euphemia was the elder daughter of Uilleam III, the last O'Beolan Mormaer of Ross. Her first marriage was compelled against the wishes of her father. King David II desired to bestow an earldom on Walter de Leslie, who had distinguished himself in combat in Europe and in Alexandria, Egypt. To give the earldom of Ross to Leslie, he forced Euphemia to marry him and, on 23 October 1370, renewed the earldom of Ross to Euphemia’s father only on the condition that it pass to Euphemia and Leslie upon his death. The charter of the earldom of Ross and of the lands of Skye was made to them in their own favor and that of their heirs male and female in reversion.
  
She married Leslie, by papal dispensation, dated 24 November 1366 (variously reported as December 1367), the dispensation being necessary in that Walter Leslie had had illicit intercourse with a woman related within the fourth degree of kinship with Euphemia

Leslie predeceased her in 1382, whereupon she married, secondly, Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, better known in history as "The Wolf of Badenoch." This marriage occurred on 24 or 25 July 1382. However, on 9 June 1392, Pope Clement VII issued a commission to dissolve this marriage and then on 5 and 15 December to grant a divorce. The date of Euphemia's death is not certain. She was still alive on 5 September 1394, and it is possible that 20 February 1394/5, usually assigned as the date of Stewart's death, was that of her own.

Family

By Sir Walter Leslie she had issue:
 Sir Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross, who became Earl of Ross.
 Mariota, who married Donald (of Harlaw) Macdonald, and in her right, succeeded to the earldom of Ross, and carried it to a new family, the Macdonald Lords of the Isles.

References

 

1390s deaths
Earls of Ross
People from Ross and Cromarty
Year of birth unknown
14th-century Scottish earls
Euphemia of Ross

Euphemia of Ross may refer to:
 Euphemia I, Countess of Ross (died 1394-98)
 Euphemia II, Countess of Ross, daughter of Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross and his wife Isabella Stewart
Euphemia de Ross (died 1386), Queen Consort of Scotland

See also
Euphemia (disambiguation)
Levenshtein coding

Levenshtein coding is a universal code encoding the non-negative integers developed by Vladimir Levenshtein.

Encoding 
The code of zero is "0"; to code a positive number:
Initialize the step count variable C to 1.
Write the binary representation of the number without the leading "1" to the beginning of the code.
Let M be the number of bits written in step 2.
If M is not 0, increment C, repeat from step 2 with M as the new number.
Write C "1" bits and a "0" to the beginning of the code.

The code begins:

To decode a Levenshtein-coded integer:
Count the number of "1" bits until a "0" is encountered.
If the count is zero, the value is zero, otherwise
Start with a variable N, set it to a value of 1 and repeat count minus 1 times:
Read N bits, prepend "1", assign the resulting value to N

The Levenshtein code of a positive integer is always one bit longer than the Elias omega code of that integer.  However, there is a Levenshtein code for zero, whereas Elias omega coding would require the numbers to be shifted so that a zero is represented by the code for one instead.

Example code

Encoding 
void levenshteinEncode(char* source, char* dest)
{
    IntReader intreader(source);
    BitWriter bitwriter(dest);
    while (intreader.hasLeft())
    {
        int num = intreader.getInt();
        if (num == 0)
            bitwriter.outputBit(0);
        else
        {
            int c = 0;
            BitStack bits;
            do {
                int m = 0;
                for (int temp = num; temp > 1; temp>>=1)  // calculate floor(log2(num))
                    ++m;
                for (int i=0; i < m; ++i)
                    bits.pushBit((num >> i) & 1);
                num = m;
                ++c;
            } while (num > 0);
            for (int i=0; i < c; ++i)
                bitwriter.outputBit(1);
            bitwriter.outputBit(0);
            while (bits.length() > 0)
                bitwriter.outputBit(bits.popBit());
        }
    }
}

Decoding 
void levenshteinDecode(char* source, char* dest)
{
    BitReader bitreader(source);
    IntWriter intwriter(dest);
    while (bitreader.hasLeft())
    {
        int n = 0;
        while (bitreader.inputBit())     // potentially dangerous with malformed files.
            ++n;
        int num;
        if (n == 0)
            num = 0;
        else
        {
            num = 1;
            for (int i = 0; i < n-1; ++i)
            {
                int val = 1;
                for (int j = 0; j < num; ++j)
                    val = (val << 1) | bitreader.inputBit();
                num = val;
            }
        }
        intwriter.putInt(num);           // write out the value
    }
    bitreader.close();
    intwriter.close();
}

See also

Elias omega coding
Iterated logarithm

References

Entropy coding
Numeral systems
Salvadora oleoides

Salvadora oleoides is a small bushy evergreen tree found in India and Pakistan and southern Iran.

The root and stem possess various antimicrobial agents and is traditionally used as toothbrush in Pakistan and India.

Habitat
The vann is commonly found in and around Sandal Bar, and is reserved for use as grazing sources for local peasant villages.  In addition, a number of trees have been preserved to provide shade for cattle.

Wood

The vann is mostly non-woody and the small amount of wood that it has is soft, light, and not particularly useful for any of wood's normal uses, notably building and heat. When burnt, it leaves a large quantity of ash, which can then be boiled down into a substance for treating mange in camels.

In literature

Jal-tree 
In the janamsakhis of Guru Nanak, he was found laying under a jal-tree whose shadow remained stationary to protect him from the sun.  Macauliffe identifies this tree as Salvadora oleoides.

See also
 "Pilu" is a Proto Dravidian word named after tooth word "Pal" for indicating tooth word
Pīlu - Mentioned in Mahābhārata.
 Salvadora persica—Toothbrush tree, peelu, or siwak

References

 RN Kaul (1963): Need for afforestation in the arid zones of India, LA-YAARAN, Vol 13
 RC Ghosh (1977): Hand book on afforestation techniques, Dehradun.
 RK Gupta & Ishwar Prakasah (1975): Environmental analysis of the Thar Desert, Dehradun.

Salvadoraceae
Flora of India (region)
Flora of Pakistan
Flora of Iran
Taxa named by Joseph Decaisne
Akkari

Akkari is a surname. 

The word akkari (عقاري) means real estate in Arabic. The same word, pronounced and spelled slightly differently in Arabic but spelled and written the same way in English may reference the name of a town in Syria, Akkari (عكاري). 

Notable people with the surname include:

Abdulrahman Akkari (born 1984), Syrian footballer
Ahmed Akkari (born 1978), Lebanese-born Danish activist
André Akkari (born 1974), Brazilian poker player
Mohammad Akkari, Lebanese basketball player
Nazem Akkari, Lebanese politician and Prime Minister of Lebanon
Tony Maxwell

Anthony D. Maxwell (born June 3, 1968) is an American musician. From 1991 to 1997, he was the drummer for the band That Dog, for which he also played for a 2019 reunion album, Old LP. After the breakup of the band, he worked as composer on the films Chuck & Buck and The Good Girl. He is also a frequent collaborator with director Spike Jonze; He was one of the dancers in Weezer's "Buddy Holly" video directed by Jonze himself, he played the Dog character, named Charles, in Jonze's video for Daft Punk's "Da Funk" and "Fresh", he choreographed the Dance of Despair in Jonze's Being John Malkovich, and he was Nicolas Cage's body double in Jonze's Adaptation.

References

External links
 

Living people
American rock drummers
That Dog members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians
1968 births
W79 Artillery-Fired Atomic Projectile

The W79 Artillery-Fired Atomic Projectile (AFAP), also known as the XM753 (Atomic RA) was an American nuclear artillery shell, capable of being fired from any NATO  howitzer e.g. the M115 and M110 howitzer.  Produced in two models, the enhanced radiation W79 Mod 0 and fission-only W79 Mod 1. Both were plutonium-based linear-implosion nuclear weapons.
 The Mod 0 was a variable yield device with three yields, ranging from  up to  and an enhanced-radiation mode which could be turned on or off
 The Mod 1 was fission-only with a fixed  yield, corresponding with the maximum fission only yield of the Mod 0

Both models were  in diameter,  long and weighed . The W79 was developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, starting in 1975. Production of the different mods took place from July 1981 through August 1986. A total of 550 warheads (325 Mod 0s, 225 Mod 1s) were produced. All units were retired from active service by the end of 1992 with the last shell dismantled at the Pantex Plant in Texas in August 2002.

Design
The weapon had a range of  or  with rocket assist.

The weapon utilized the M735 proximity fuze. It contained a dual-channel fuze system, target sensor, electronic programmer and power supply. Its design goals were to minimize overall weight, minimize structural volume, eliminate the use of potting materials for structural support, and to eliminate cable and wire harnesses. The goal of not using potting materials was ultimately not met.

The fuze was developed with an extensive test firing program and in service use would have experienced a  setback acceleration and  spin. Some test units experienced setbacks of .

Gallery

See also
 Neutron bomb
 Nuclear weapon design
 List of nuclear weapons

References

External links
 Allbombs.html list of all US nuclear weapon models at nuclearweaponarchive.org
 Linear Implosion in the Nuclear Weapons FAQ at nuclearweaponarchive.org

Nuclear warheads of the United States
 Linear implosion nuclear weapons
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
Rudolf von Raumer

Rudolf von Raumer (14 April 1815, Breslau – 30 August 1876, Erlangen) was a German philologist and linguist, known for his extensive research of the German language. He was the son of geologist Karl Georg von Raumer.

Biography
He studied classical and Germanic philology at the universities of Erlangen and Göttingen, where his instructors were Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann and Jacob Grimm. From 1840, he was privatdocent at the University of Erlangen, where in 1846 he became an associate professor. In 1852, he became a full professor of German language and literature at Erlangen.

In 1870, he wrote his major work, volume 9 of a series entitled Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland, which was entitled Geschichte der Germanischen Philologie vorzugsweise in Deutschland. He is cited in Konrad Duden's Die deutsche Rechtschreibung in the preface as a significant influence for this writing.

In regards to historical and comparative phonology, Raumer understood the need for more specific phonetic concepts and vocabulary, and he proposed numerous refinements and clarifications in that area. He stressed the basic role of Jacob Grimm's work and the need to advance beyond it. He also conducted comprehensive research on German dialectology and orthography. In 1876, his ideas for spelling reform were partially carried out by the Prussian government.

Published works 
He published Fortsetzung der untersuchungen über die urverwandtschaft der semitischen und indoeuropäischen sprachen (Investigations into the ancient relationship between the Semitic and Indo-European languages, 1867 et seq.). His other written efforts include:
 Die Aspiration und die Lautverschiebung; eine sprachgeschichtliche Untersuchung, 1837 – The aspiration and the sound shift.
 Die Einwirkung des Christenthums auf die althochdeutsche Sprache: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der deutschen Kirche, 1845 – The influence of Christianity on the Old High German language.
 Das deutsche Wörterbuch der Gebrüder Grimm und die Entwickelung der deutschen Schriftsprache, 1858 – The German dictionary of the Brothers Grimm and the development of the written German language.
 Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften, 1863 – Collected linguistic writings.
 Herr Professor Schleicher in Jena und Die Urverwandtschaft der semitischen und indoeuropäischen Sprachen. Ein kritisches Bedenken, 1864 – Professor August Schleicher in Jena and the relationship of Semitic and Indo-European languages.
 Geschichte der germanischen Philologie vorzugsweise in Deutschland, 1870 – History of Germanic philology, especially in Germany.
 Der Unterricht im Deutschen, 1873 – Lessons in the German language.

References

1815 births
1876 deaths
Linguists from Germany
German philologists
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
University of Göttingen alumni
Paleolinguists
Linguists of Indo-Semitic languages
Sanguinet

Sanguinet (; Sanguinet in Occitan) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is situated next to Étang de Cazaux et de Sanguinet.

Geography
The commune is situated in the north of the department of Landes. The river Gorgue passes through the village and this river is the source of the lake. It would have originally flowed into the Atlantic Ocean, but the mouth of the river was blocked over the centuries by sand dunes on the coast and thus creating the lake and many others along Landes' Atlantic Coast. The lake has covered previous sitings of a town many centuries ago.

Population

Twin Town
Sanguinet is twinned with the town of Neyland in Pembrokeshire, Wales.

See also
Communes of the Landes department

References

Communes of Landes (department)