alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Yuan Cai

Yuan Cai (袁采 pinyin: Yuán Cǎi, c. 1140–1195) was a Chinese essayist and politician during the Song dynasty, best known for penning the Yuan shi shi fan (Precepts for Social Life), a manual of advice addressed to family heads on the subject of how to handle their responsibilities.

Yuan was born in Xin'an, the capital of Quzhou prefecture, to an established gentry family. In the 1150s he was a student at the National University (大学) at the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou. After passing the jinshi degree in 1163, Yuan Cai served in several prefectures outside the capital. Altogether Yuan Cai served as magistrate of four counties.

During this time, he spent much of his time writing. Two of his early works, Zhenghe za ji ("Mischellaneous Notes from Zhenghe) and Xianling xiao lu ("Minor Records of Magistrates"), are no longer extant. From the bibliography chapter of the Book of Song and Ming dynasty gazetteers of Quzhou, he is also known to have written a number of other books, all of which are also lost. Most of them were concerned with the administration of local and central government. At least one detailed ways in which the central government could improve its capacity to fend off the Jurchens who had seized north China in the Jin–Song wars.

Serving as magistrate of Yueqing from 1178 onwards, Yuan acted as compiler of a ten-chapter gazetteer of the county. He probably completed and published the Yuan shi shi fan around this time. Liu Zhen, one of the members of the local families, whom Yuan had met at the National University, wrote the preface for Yuan's work. The Yuan shi shi fan was reprinted in 1190, whilst Yuan Cai was at Wuyuan in what is now southern Anhui.

In 1192 he was recommended for promotion by the poet Yang Wanli. Yuan Cai's last post was in the capital, as director of the Public Attention Drum Bureau. He probably died sometime in the mid-1190s. After his death, his second son and a cousin also attained the jinshi degree in 1205.

References

1140s births
1190 deaths
Politicians from Quzhou
Song dynasty essayists
Song dynasty government officials
Writers from Quzhou
Peaberry Coffee

Peaberry Coffee was a coffee shop chain that was started in Denver, Colorado in 1990 by Bill Tointon. The store's concept was founded on serving a variety of coffee from all over the world and roasting it in Denver. It was categorized in a menu format called the "Peaberry Profile System". The system offered four selections of coffee roasting styles, Light & Mild, Rich & Creamy, Extravagant & Exotic and Dark & Intense.

In 2006, a lawsuit was brought against Peaberry Coffee and Perkins Coie (Peaberry's franchise attorneys). Ten franchisees claimed to have lost millions of dollars due to Peaberry's poor financial practices and alleged that the company had not shown a profit since 1998. They further claimed that most of the stores owned by the company failed to break even. The franchisees also stopped paying royalties in February 2008. A Denver district judge ruled against the franchisees later that year and also decided that they owed the unpaid royalties to Peaberry. The franchisees are appealing the ruling.

In September 2009, Peaberry Coffee, Inc. closed all of its corporate owned locations.  Several stores which were previously franchises are now operated independently.  These stores include: the Denver Tech Center location, the Park Meadows location, the Arapahoe location, and the Boulder location.  The closures were due to poor financial performance from the stores, a poor economy, and the cost of the lawsuit brought against the company by franchisees.

In February 2010, the Colorado Court of Appeals vacated judgment against Plaintiffs for unpaid royalties, attorneys fees and restored the fraudulent concealment claim against Peaberry. On remand in 2011, the trial court again ruled in Peaberry's favor and resolved the inconsistencies concerning the fraudulent concealment claim the Colorado Court of Appeals noted in its first ruling. The franchisees appealed again, and on July 26, 2012, the Colorado Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's ruling for Peaberry concluding that Plaintiffs failed to prove Peaberry defrauded them.

The store was named after the peaberry coffee bean. A "peaberry" is a small, round coffee bean that has unique taste characteristics and makes up only 2-4% of the harvest depending on the crop.

See also 

 List of coffeehouse chains

References

External links 

1990 establishments in Colorado
Coffeehouses and cafés in the United States
Jim Jensen (Nebraska politician)

Jim Jensen (January 17, 1934 – October 11, 2023) was an American politician who was a state senator in Nebraska.

Life and career
Jim Jensen was born in Omaha, Nebraska on January 17, 1934. He graduated from a technical high school in Omaha. Jensen served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. National Guard from 1952 to 1961. He was a board member First Westroads Bank, Metropolitan Omaha Builders Association, and PRIDE Omaha, on the board of directors for Grace University and the chairman of Electronic Benefit Transfer Task Force and past chairman of Omaha zoning board of appeals.  He has five children and 16 grandchildren and has had a real estate broker's license since 1963.

Jensen was elected in 1994 to represent the 20th  Nebraska legislative district and reelected in 1998 and 2002.  He sat on the Banking, Commerce and Insurance, Building Maintenance committees as well as the Committee on Committees and chairperson of the Health and Human Services committee and the Behavioral Health Oversight Commission. Since Nebraska voters passed Initiative Measure 415 in 2001 limiting state senators to two terms after 2001, he was unable to run for reelection in 2006.

Jensen died on October 11, 2023, at the age of 89.

References

 
 

1934 births
2023 deaths
Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Nebraska National Guard personnel
University of Nebraska Omaha alumni
Carpa Valentina

Carpa Valentina was a theatre troupe of the Mexican carpa (traveling tent) circuit during the 1920s and 1930s.

It was founded by a family of Russian circus performers who fled the turmoil of the 1919 Russian Civil War, arriving in the port of Manzanillo in 1923. The troupe consisted of Gregor Ivanoff, the father of the family, who Hispanicized his name to Gregorio Ivanova, his three daughters, his son-in-law Estanislao Shilinsky, a Lithuanian who wrote the material, and native Mexican performers. They set up their act in the Tacuba delegación of Mexico City.

In 1929, Mario Moreno ("Cantinflas") joined the troupe. Shilinsky coached the comedian, then eighteen years of age, and helped him refine his style. Together, the two turned the Carpa Valentina into the hottest ticket in town.

Moreno began courting Valentina Ivanova, the daughter for which the troupe was named, but her father never approved of the relationship and refused to increase the comic's salary despite his success. Fed up with the abuse, Moreno left the troupe, bringing his writer with him.

References

Theatre in Mexico
Extensor indicis muscle

In human anatomy, the extensor indicis [proprius] is a narrow, elongated skeletal muscle in the deep layer of the dorsal forearm, placed medial to, and parallel with, the extensor pollicis longus.  Its tendon goes to the index finger, which it extends.

Structure
It arises from the distal third of the dorsal part of the body of ulna and from the interosseous membrane. It runs through the fourth tendon compartment together with the extensor digitorum, from where it projects into the dorsal aponeurosis of the index finger.

Opposite the head of the second metacarpal bone, it joins the ulnar side of the tendon of the extensor digitorum which belongs to the index finger.

Like the extensor digiti minimi (i.e. the extensor of the little finger), the tendon of the extensor indicis runs and inserts on the ulnar side of the tendon of the common extensor digitorum. The extensor indicis lacks the juncturae tendinum interlinking the tendons of the extensor digitorum on the dorsal side of the hand.

Variation 
The extensor indicis proprius does not show much variation. It exists as a single tendon most of the time.  Double tendons of the extensor indicis proprius was also reported.

It is known that the extensor indicis proprius inserts to the index finger on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum. However, the insertion on the radial side of the common extensor digitorum infrequently seen, namely the extensor indicis radialis. Split tendons of the muscle inserting on both ulnar and the radial side of the common extensor digitorum was also reported.

Anomalous hand extensors including the extensor medii proprius and the extensor indicis et medii communis are often seen as variations of the extensor indicis  due to the shared characteristics and embryonic origin.

Function
The extensor indicis extends the index finger, and by its continued action assists in extending (dorsiflexion) the wrist and the midcarpal joints.

Because the index finger and little finger have separate extensors, these fingers can be moved more independently than the other fingers.

Additional images

See also 
 Extensor digitorum
 Extensor medii proprius
 Extensor indicis et medii communis

Notes

References

External links
  - "Extensor Region of Forearm and Dorsum of Hand: Deep Muscles of Extensor Region"
 
 
 

Muscles of the upper limb
Monteverde (disambiguation)

Monteverde is a small town in the Province of Puntarenas known for the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.

Monteverde may refer to:

Places

Chile
 Monte Verde, an archaeological site

Costa Rica
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
Serpentario de Monteverde
Monteverde Theme Park

Italy
 Monteverde, Campania, a comune in the Province of Avellino
 Monteverde, Lazio, a district in the City of Rome

Popular media
Monteverde, an island in the 2020 film, Dolittle

People
 Juan Domingo de Monteverde (1773-1832), Capitan General of Venezuela from 1812 to 1813
 Giulio Monteverde (1837–1917), an Italian naturalist and sculptor
 Lily Monteverde (b. 1928), a Filipino film producer
 Lucas Monteverde, an international Polo player

See also
 Monteverdi (disambiguation)
 Green Mountain (disambiguation)
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre EAD freestyle



Men's 50m EAD Freestyle - Final

Men's 50m EAD Freestyle - Heats

Men's 50m EAD Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 50m EAD Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 50m EAD Freestyle - Heat 03

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Api (mountain)

Api is the highest peak in the Yoka Pahar Section of Gurans Himal, part of the Himalayas in the extreme northwest corner of Nepal, near the border with Tibet. It is a little-known peak in a rarely visited part of the Himalayas, but it rises dramatically over the low surrounding terrain.

Notable features
Although low in elevation among the major mountains of Nepal, Api is exceptional in its rise above local terrain; the surrounding valleys are significantly lower than those surrounding most higher Himalayan peaks.

Api peak's south face rises  above its base.

Climbing history
The Api region was visited by Westerners in 1899, 1905 and 1936, but the peak was not attempted until 1953 on a visit by W. H. Murray a Scottish Mountaineer with John Tyson. This attempt was unsuccessful, as was another, by Italians, in 1954 which resulted in the death of two expedition members.

The first ascent of Api occurred in 1960. The Doshisha Alpine Society of Japan successfully completed the Northwest Face route attempted by the 1954 party.

In 1980, a British Army Mountaineering Association expedition made an attempt to climb the peak by the south face reaching within a few hundred metres of the summit.

On 24 December 1983, Polish climbers Tadeusz Piotrowski and Andrzej Bieluń made the first winter ascent. Bieluń had reached the summit first alone but did not return to camp.

The Himalayan Index lists three more ascents of the peak, in 1978, 1996, and 2001.

References

Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas
Mountains of the Sudurpashchim Province
Port Leopold

The locality Port Leopold is an abandoned trading post in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It faces Prince Regent Inlet at the northeast tip of Somerset Island.

Elwin Bay is to the south, while Prince Leopold Island is to the north.

History
In 1848, the English explorer James Clark Ross wintered here during his search for the missing Franklin expedition.

Later, it became the site of a Hudson's Bay Company trading post.

Mapping

Elwin Bay, 
Prince Leopold Island,

References

Ghost towns in Nunavut
Geography of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Ports and harbours of Nunavut
Former populated places in the Qikiqtaaluk Region
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts in Nunavut
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre EAD freestyle



Men's 100 m EAD Freestyle - Final

Men's 100 m EAD Freestyle - Heats

Men's 100 m EAD Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 100 m EAD Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 100 m EAD Freestyle - Heat 03

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Così (restaurant)

Così, based in Boston, Massachusetts, is an American fast-casual restaurant chain that is known for its homemade flatbread. The name comes from the opera Così fan tutte, which was a favorite of the original owner.  As of November 2020, the company operated 20 locations in New York, Washington D.C., Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, down from 66 at the beginning of the year. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2020.

History

The original Così restaurant was opened in 1989 by Drew Harre in Paris, France. In 1996, Shep and Jay Wainwright opened the first Così in the United States, in New York.

In October 1999, Così merged with Xando (formerly ZuZu).

The company became a public company via an initial public offering in 2002. A year later, Kevin Armstrong was named chief executive officer of the company.

In June 2010, Così sold its District of Columbia stores to Capitol C Restaurants as franchises. Capitol C is the owner of Qdoba Mexican Grill.

In March 2014, Così's largest and most successful franchisee, RJ Dourney was voted by Così's board of directors to the position of CEO and Director and Così announced it was moving its corporate headquarters from Deerfield, Illinois to Boston, Massachusetts. However, in August 2016, CEO RJ Dourney was fired. That same year, the company filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy reorganization and closed stores. As a result of the bankruptcy filing, the company's shares were de-listed from the NASDAQ. Cosi also sought buyers for "substantially all of its assets."

In May 2017, the company emerged from bankruptcy under the ownership of MILFAM II L.P., AB Value Partners, LP, AB Value Management LLC and AB Opportunity Fund LLC. However, on February 25, 2020, Così once again filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after closing several locations. However, the company then withdrew its filing and instead seek pandemic aid from the government. Then, after surviving the pandemic, on July 1, 2022, Cosi reopened its bankruptcy.

References

Further reading

External links

 

1996 establishments in New York City
Restaurant chains in the United States
Bakery cafés
Bakeries of the United States
Fast-food franchises
Fast casual restaurants
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Restaurants established in 1996
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2016
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2022
American companies established in 1996
Food and drink companies based in Boston
Elwin Bay

Elwin Bay is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located Prince Regent Inlet by the northeastern shore of Somerset Island. Port Leopold is nearby.

History
In 1852, in search of the lost Franklin expedition, the French Arctic explorer Lieutenant Joseph René Bellot spent time in the bay and its surrounds.

It is filled with the skeletons and bones of several hundred beluga left by whalers. Many hunters died on whaling expeditions.

References

Bays of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis may refer to:
 Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)
Cristi Conaway

Cristi Lea Conaway (born August 14, 1964) is an American actress and fashion designer.

Early life and education
Conaway was raised in Lubbock, Texas. Her father was a car dealer and her mother is a real estate agent. She attended Southern Methodist University, where she studied acting.

Career

Conaway moved from Dallas to Los Angeles, California to start acting where she began as a catalog model. She made her television debut on the 1990 made-for-TV movie, Children of the Bride, and her movie debut in 1991's Doc Hollywood in a minor role. In 1992, Conaway appeared in the movie Batman Returns, as the Ice Princess. After Batman Returns, she worked in various roles in TV shows and movies, including Tales from the Crypt. She also played the "other woman" Honey Parker in the 1993 remake of Attack of the 50 Ft. Woman. In 1997, she co-starred in the short-lived TV series Timecop (based on the 1994 movie) as Claire Hemmings.

In 2002, Conaway left her acting career to become a fashion designer. She started with scarves, but later on, she expanded her line to include sweaters and silk dresses, and in 2004, she added a men's collection.

Filmography

Film
Doc Hollywood (1991) - Receptionist at Halberstrom Clinic
Batman Returns (1992) - Ice Princess
Husbands and Wives (1992) - Shawn Grainger
Nina Takes a Lover (1994) - Friend
Underworld (1996) - Julianne
My Brother's War (1997) - Kelly Hall
Joe Somebody (2001) - Abby Manheim

Television
Children of the Bride (1990) - Lydia
Attack of the 50 Ft. Woman (1993) - Louise "Honey" Parker
Tales from the Crypt (1995) - Willa Sandelton ("99 & 44/100% Pure Horror")
Timecop (1997) - Claire Hemmings

Video games
 Loadstar: The Legend of Tully Bodine (1994) - News Anchor (voice)

Personal life
Conaway is married to Mark Murphy. The couple have two children together and live in Santa Monica, California. She was previously married to actor Salvator Xuereb in 1991.

References

External links
Cristi Conaway Los Angeles (archived)
Cristi Conaway Design (archived)
Suede Box (archived)

1964 births
Actresses from Texas
American fashion designers
American women fashion designers
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Actors from Lubbock, Texas
Southern Methodist University alumni
21st-century American women
Alice Panikian

Alice Panikian (; ) (born May 23, 1985) is a Bulgarian-Canadian journalist, TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Canada 2006 and Miss Reinado Internacional del Cafe 2006. She attended William Lyon Mackenzie Collegiate Institute in Toronto, and graduated in 2003.

At 6'0" (1.83 m) she is not only the tallest major national titleholder in Canadian history, but also had earned a significant amount of attention from the world press as one of the strongest candidates to succeed to then-reigning Miss Universe, Natalie Glebova, also from Canada. As no country has ever won the title back-to-back (later achieved by Dayana Mendoza and Stefanía Fernández in 2009, both of them from Venezuela), Panikian had a significant historical hurdle to jump despite many pundits who argue that she was an even stronger candidate than her predecessor. Panikian did not become Miss Universe 2006 (that honour went to Zuleyka Rivera of Puerto Rico), but she did finish in sixth place. She is the last Canadian representative to place at the Miss Universe until 2016.

Panikian enjoys writing short stories, and her hobbies include volleyball and yoga.

Panikian is of Bulgarian and  Armenian ancestry, which comes through her paternal grandfather and accounts for her Armenian surname. She came to Canada with her parents when she was five years old. Panikian studied at York University and majored in English and   Communications. She studied broadcast journalism and resides in Toronto, Ontario, and aspires to be a journalist or a TV show  host.

Before becoming Miss Universe Canada, Panikian represented Canada at the 2006 Reinado Internacional del Café or International Queen of Coffee pageant, held in Manizales, Colombia on January 9, where she became the first Canadian winner in the history of the pageant.

She also took the "Miss Photogenic" and "Best in Swimsuit" awards at the Miss Universe Canada Pageant.

Panikian was supposed to represent Canada and compete at Miss International 2007 held in Tokyo, Japan, but due to schedule conflicts in university, she did not compete. Justine Stewart took her place.

References

External links
Official site
Interview with Alice
http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/alice_panikian, Fashion model directory
http://james-valone.livejournal.com/6363.html

1985 births
Living people
Bulgarian emigrants to Canada
Bulgarian people of Armenian descent
Female models from Ontario
Canadian people of Armenian descent
Miss Universe 2006 contestants
Miss Universe Canada winners
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Toronto
Canadian beauty pageant winners
Nucleofuge

In chemistry, a nucleofuge () is a leaving group which retains the lone pair of electrons from its previous bond with another species. For example, in the SN2 mechanism, a nucleophile attacks an organic compound containing the nucleofuge (the bromo group) which simultaneously breaks the bond with the nucleofuge.

After a reaction nucleofuges may contain either a negative or a neutral charge; this is governed by the nature of the specific reaction. 

The word 'nucleofuge' is commonly found in older literature, but its use is less common in current literature in which the term leaving group dominates.

See also
Electrofuge
Nucleophile
Electrophile

References

 

Organic chemistry
Joe Connelly

Joe Connelly may refer to:
 Joe Connelly (musician) (born 1965), barbershop quartet lead singer
 Joe Connelly (producer) (1917–2003), Hollywood film and television producer, director and writer
 Joe Connelly (writer), New York City contemporary writer

See also
 Joe Connolly (disambiguation)
Marco Antonio Firebaugh

Marco Antonio Firebaugh (October 13, 1966 – March 21, 2006) was a Democratic member of the California State Assembly from 1998 until 2004.

Early life and education 
Born in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, Firebaugh received a B.A. degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, and a J.D. degree from University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law.

Career 
Firebaugh was elected to the California State Assembly in 1998. In his final term in the Assembly, Firebaugh served concurrently as Assembly Majority Leader and Chairman of the California Latino Legislative Caucus.

Firebaugh had been seeking the Democratic nomination for a seat in the California State Senate, representing the 30th District.

Personal life 
Firebaugh was a resident of South Gate, California. He died from complications from a liver ailment with which he was diagnosed in 2003.

See also
Marco Antonio Firebaugh High School

References

External links
Join California Marco Antonio Firebaugh

1966 births
2006 deaths
Politicians from Tijuana
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in California
Members of the California State Assembly
Mexican-American people in California politics
Mexican emigrants to the United States
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from South Gate, California
Mexican people of German descent
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Troy University Public Radio

Troy Public Radio is a network of public radio stations based in Troy, Alabama, United States, that serve southeastern Alabama and parts of western Georgia and northwestern Florida with classical music, folk music, and jazz programs, as well as news and feature programs from the National Public Radio, Public Radio Exchange, and American Public Media networks. The stations are licensed to Troy University, on whose main campus the studios are located.

History
WTSU-FM started broadcasting on March 1, 1977 as the state's third public radio station (the callsign stands for the university's name then, "Troy State University,"), and the first south of Birmingham.  WTSU originally broadcast at 90.1 MHz with a power of 50,000 watts; by 1981, it moved to its present frequency of 89.9, doubling its wattage to 100,000.  Programming from the start was a blend of NPR news and classical music, combined with an automated block of "beautiful music" between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. TUPR discontinued the easy-listening daytime format in 1993 in favor of then-more conventional classical programming.

The station would expand its service area to all of southeastern Alabama in the 1980s, adding the frequencies in Columbus in 1984 and Dothan in 1986. On January 1, 2000, TUPR began broadcasting 24 hours per day.

Public Radio is one component of Troy University's Broadcast and Digital Network; the other is "TrojanVision", a student-operated television channel seen on several cable systems throughout southeastern Alabama. The Broadcast and Digital Network enlist students from the Hall School of Journalism as staffers.

TUPR set a tentative date of May 2010 to begin streaming all three HD channels.  HD-2 consists of the all-music Classical 24 network, while HD-3 airs news programs from the BBC World Service.

In 2011, TUPR began streaming all three of its channels live on the Internet.  It had been one of the few NPR members not to offer live streaming.

Network
Three stations comprise the network:

Notes:

Weekday hosts
Ann Kenda--Morning Edition
Carolyn Hutchinson--In Focus
Joey Hudson--All Things Considered

References

External links
Troy Public Radio

NPR member networks
Classical music radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1977
1977 establishments in Alabama
Giovanni Filoteo Achillini

Giovanni Filoteo Achillini (Latin Joannes Philotheus Achillinus; 1466–1538) was an Italian philosopher.

Born in Bologna, he was the younger brother of philosopher Alessandro. He studied Greek, Latin, theology, philosophy, music, antiquities, jurisprudence, poetry, etc., but did not excel in any specific field. He accumulated ample collections of antiquities.

His poetry is the most noteworthy of his work, written in what has since been considered the bad taste that prevailed at the end of the 15th century; however, most of his works have left little memory of their existence apart from their titles. One of the principal works was titled Viridario and contained a eulogy of many of his contemporaries in literature, with lessons of morality. He also wrote some remarks on Italian to the disparagement of the Tuscan dialect and the praise of the Bolognese dialect (which he had used in his poems).

Works

See also 
 Claudio Achillini, his grandson

References

Footnotes 

1466 births
1538 deaths
Italian antiquarians
16th-century Italian jurists
Linguists from Italy
16th-century Italian musicians
16th-century Italian poets
16th-century male writers
Italian male poets
Writers from Bologna
16th-century Italian philosophers
Italian male non-fiction writers
Incidental Music 1991–95

Incidental Music 1991–95 is a collection of various b-sides and previously unreleased tracks by Superchunk. It was released by Merge Records in 1995. Despite the name of the collection, the songs included actually date from between 1990 and 1994.

A number of the tracks are covers: "100,000 Fireflies" is a song by The Magnetic Fields; "Lying in State" is a song by the Verlaines; "I'll Be Your Sister" was originally recorded by Motörhead; and "Night of Chill Blue" is a song by the Chills.

The unlisted track at the end is an alternate version of "Precision Auto," which originally led off the On the Mouth album.

The cover art is credited to Mac McCaughan, the band's singer and guitarist.

Track listing
 "Shallow End" (1994)
 "Mower" (1991)
 "On the Mouth" (1991)
 "Cadmium" (1992)
 "Who Needs Light" (1993)
 "Ribbon" (1993)
 "Foolish" (1993)
 "100,000 Fireflies" (1992)
 "Invitation" (1991)
 "Makeout Bench" (1990)
 "Baxter" (1992)
 "Connecticut" (1993)
 "Lying in State" (1992)
 "Throwing Things (acoustic)" (1992)
 "I'll Be Your Sister" (1991)
 "Night of Chill Blue" (1992)
 "Forged It" (1992)
 "Home at Dawn" (1993)
 "Precision Auto"

References

Superchunk albums
Albums produced by Steve Albini
1995 compilation albums
Merge Records compilation albums
Verona Orational

The Verona Orational, also known as the Libellus Orationum (Verona, Cathedral, Biblioteca Capit. Cod. LXXXIX), is a late 7th or early 8th century Visigothic prayer book. It is the only liturgical book that was written before the Moorish invasion and is the only surviving Visigothic manuscript containing figural decoration.  The manuscript has 127 folios that measure 330 mm by 260 mm. The text was written in Visigothic minuscule. A marginal gloss indicated that the manuscript was produced in Tarragona, at the church of Saint Fructuosus.

The orational contains antiphons and responsories that are not neumed; no music exists in the codex.

On folio 3r there is a drawing of the "Rose of the Winds", a precursor of the Compass rose. The drawing depicts the twelve winds grouped around a central cross.  The twelve winds are represented by four heads with three faces each that have trumpets coming out of the mouth of each face.  Each head is contained within a circle and the four circles are arranged in a cross pattern around the central cross. The entire drawing is enclosed within a double circle.  Although the drawing has been Christianized by the addition of the central cross, the drawing is based a well known formula in Classical art, the Vultus trifons.

This manuscript is also important because it contains the first written sample of an early Italian language different from Late Latin. It is written in northern-Italian cursive minuscule and is known as "Veronese Riddle": "Se pareba boves, alba pratalia araba, albo versorio teneba, negro semen seminaba", which can be translated more or less as "In front of him (he) led oxen, White fields (he) plowed, A white plow (he) held , A black seed (he) sowed". This can be easily interpreted as a representation of the act of holding a pen and writing on a white sheet.

References
 Brockett, Clyde Waring Jr., Antiphons, Responsories and other Chants of the Mozarabic Rite (New York: The Institute of Medieval Music, 1968)
 Williams, John, Early Spanish Manuscript Illumination (New York: 1977).

8th-century manuscripts
Christian illuminated manuscripts
Christian prayer books
8th-century Christian texts
CSN.1

In telecommunications and computer networking, Concrete Syntax Notation One (CSN.1) is a standard and flexible notation that describes data structures for representing, encoding, transmitting, and decoding data, specifically GPRS used for cell phones.  Many examples of CSN.1 encoded data structures can be found in 3GPP TS44.060 and an informative description of the CSN.1 syntax is found in 3GPP TS 24.007.

Here is an example of a CSN.1 description of a message. If the first bit is 1, an apple structure follows, which is a 5-bit Apple code. If the first bit is 0, on the other hand, a 3-bit orange code, and a 2-bit peel type follow.

<Example> ::= { 1 <Apple struct> | 0 <Orange struct> } 0;
<Apple struct> ::= < Apple Code : bit(5) >;
<Orange struct> ::= <Orange Code : bit(3) > <PeelType: bit(2)>;

Advantages
 It is relatively simple to understand.
 The notation is extremely compact - any bit can be addressed

Disadvantages
 It is very difficult to maintain when extensions and new releases of the protocols need to be implemented 
 Creating a compiler for the language is very difficult, because the language can include expressions that refer to any named elements previously decoded. 
 The CSN.1 structures listed in communication standards are not checked and are often filled with errors and non-standard notation.

See also
 Annex B of 3GPP TS 24.007 contains a detailed description of CSN.1.
 CSN1.INFO provides a complete online description of CSN.1 (including those parts not explained on TS 24.007), with examples and common pitfalls.

External links
A free tool that encodes/decodes CSN.1 3GPP messages and allows easy editing of these messages.

Mobile telecommunications standards
3GPP standards
Electrofuge

In chemistry, an electrofuge is a leaving group which does not retain the lone pair of electrons from its previous bond with another species (in contrast to a nucleofuge, which does). It can result from the heterolytic breaking of covalent bonds.
After this reaction an electrofuge may possess either a positive or a neutral charge; this is governed by the nature of the specific reaction.

An example would be the loss of  from a molecule of benzene during nitration.

The word 'electrofuge' is commonly found in older literature, but its use in contemporary organic chemistry is now uncommon.

See also
Nucleofuge
Nucleophile
Electrophile

References

 .

Organic chemistry
List of first ascents of mountain summits

The following is a list of notable first ascents of the summits of major mountains around the world, in chronological order. 

The list does not include the first ascent of new routes to previously climbed mountain summits.  For example, this list contains the first ascent of the summit of the Eiger in 1858, but not the more famous first ascent of the north face of the Eiger in 1938.

See also

 List of first ascents in the Alps
 List of first ascents in the Himalayas
 List of first ascents in the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)

References

Notes and further reading
German and Austrian Alpine Club, Die Erschliessung der Ostalpen Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Berlin, 1894.
Gottlieb Studer, Über Eis und Schnee: Die höchsten Gipfel der Schweiz und die Geschichte ihrer Besteigung, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Schmid, Francke & Company, 1869-1899
Frederick L. Wolfe, High Summits: 370 Famous Peak First Ascents and Other Significant Events in Mountaineering History, Hugo House Publishers, 2013,  (for a guideline; the book contains many major errors)
Abbreviations in the reference list: AAJ: American Alpine Journal, AJ: The Alpine Journal, HJ: The_Himalayan Journal.

Lists of mountains
Climbing and mountaineering-related lists
Lists of firsts
History of mountaineering
Cedar Avenue Bridge (Minnesota River)

The Cedar Avenue Bridge carries Minnesota State Highway 77 across the Minnesota River between the Minneapolis-St. Paul suburbs of Bloomington and Eagan, Minnesota.  The two parallel crossings for northbound and southbound lanes are respectively 5,159 feet (1,572 m) and 5,185 feet (1,580 m) in length.  It was built in 1979, superseding an older swing bridge by the same name that was composed of low-lying truss segments.  The modern bridge has three lanes in each direction, in addition to a shoulder which is often used by buses to get past traffic slowdowns.

Old bridge

The original Old Cedar Avenue Bridge, also known as the Long Meadow Bridge, was built in 1890. The bridge that stands now was built in 1920 and carried automobile traffic into the 1990s. Back when the old structure was the main crossing, heavy traffic delays would occur because of the bridge's small size and the need to operate the swing segment to let boat traffic pass.

The narrow span continued operation as a bicycle trail until 2002 when it was deemed too unsafe. In 2008, $2 million in state funding was approved to reopen the bridge to bicyclists and pedestrians. In 2013, the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and the restored bridge opened to the public on October 14, 2016.

See also
 10th Avenue Bridge — crosses the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, once called the "Cedar Avenue Bridge"
 List of crossings of the Minnesota River

References

Road bridges in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Bloomington, Minnesota
Bridges completed in 1979
Swing bridges in the United States
Bridges in Hennepin County, Minnesota
Bridges over the Minnesota River
Ambricourt

Ambricourt () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

The commune is the setting of Georges Bernanos's 1936 novel The Diary of a Country Priest (Journal d'un curé de campagne).

Geography
A small village situated some 15 miles (24 km) east of Montreuil-sur-Mer, on the D71 E4 road.

Population

See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

References

Communes of Pas-de-Calais
Artois
Matthew McCauley (producer)

Matthew McCauley (born 1954) is a Canadian composer and record producer based in Los Angeles. In 1977 Matthew produced Dan Hill's song "Sometimes When We Touch". His film scores include Between Friends (1973), City on Fire (1979), Middle Age Crazy (1980), In the Custody of Strangers (1982) and Thunder Run (1986).

Early life
McCauley was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of composer William McCauley and Patricia McFarlane, daughter of author Leslie McFarlane. He grew up in Toronto, where his father was the musical director of the O'Keefe Centre.

Career
McCauley began creating film scores with his father as a teenager. In 1973 he composed the score for the film Between Friends. He also composed the music for the 1975 film Sudden Fury, which was screened at the Cannes Film Festival.

In 1977 McCauley and Fred Mollin produced Ronney Abramson's album Stowaway at True North Records. That year McCauley travelled to Egypt, where he and anthropology student Mark Lehner began to study and map the Giza Plateau, near Cairo. McCauley is the cofounder of Ancient Egypt Research Associates which is based at the Harvard Semitic Museum. Established in 1985, AERA carries out excavations and digital mapping at the plateau.

In 1979 McCauley and Mollin were nominated for a Juno Award for Producer of the Year. A year later McCauley and Mollin produced the album Alibi for the band America.

In 2000 McCauley was music director of the television series Andromeda; in 2001 he won a Leo Award for his composition for the series, "Music from a Distant Drum". In 2002 he was presented with a Cleveland Regional Emmy award for his composition "Squeakers".

Personal
McCauley's great grandfather and namesake, Matthew McCauley, was the first mayor  of Edmonton, Alberta (1892) and a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1905 to 1909.

References

External links
AERA

1954 births
Living people
Canadian record producers
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian people of Irish descent
Musicians from Ottawa
Musicians from Greater Los Angeles
Jack Richardson Producer of the Year Award winners
Regional Emmy Award winners
Middletown, County Armagh

Middletown is a small village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies near the border with County Monaghan, between Armagh and Monaghan along the A3. It had a population of 237 people (91 households) in the 2011 Census.

Geography

Middletown was built in the townland of Middletown, which was known throughout the 17th century under variants of the name Killecannagan (). It is known for its picturesque countryside and its rolling green hills. The hills are made up of numerous drumlins that make up the countryside. At the bottom of the valleys that many of these drumlins form, glens can be found with many tributaries of the River Blackwater flowing through them. The River Cor flows through the Middletown countryside and right by the village. It is the most prominent river in Middletown; once a canal system operated on it, namely the Ulster Canal.

History
Middletown was one of several Catholic border villages in Armagh that would have been transferred to the Irish Free State had the recommendations of the Irish Boundary Commission been enacted in 1925.

Education
Children from Middletown formerly went to three different primary schools: St John's Boys' School, St Louis Convent School for girls, and Glasdrummond Primary School (boys and girls). Due to low numbers in the mid-1990s, a new school was built on the site of St John's Boys' School and was opened in June 1999, whereupon all three primary schools were amalgamated.

Notable people

Joe Coburn, Irish-American boxer who claimed the World Heavyweight Championship in 1862, born Middletown
Eamon Donnelly, director of elections for Sinn Féin and a founding member of Fianna Fáil, was born in Middletown.

Sport
Middletown has a long history of Gaelic games and the local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Middletown GAA, plays hurling as Na Fianna, football as Eoghan Ruadh, and camogie as St John's.

See also
 List of villages in Northern Ireland
 Market Houses in Northern Ireland
 E2 European long distance path

References

External links

Villages in County Armagh
Townlands of County Armagh
Civil parish of Tynan
George Parker

George Parker may refer to:
 George Parker (astrologer) (1654–1743), English almanac maker
 Sir George Parker, 2nd Baronet (c. 1673–1727), English politician, MP
 George Parker (Royal Navy officer) (1767–1847), Royal Navy Admiral
 George C. Parker (1860–1936), American fraudster
 George Parker (cricketer) (1899–1969), South African cricketer
 George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (c. 1695–1764), astronomer
 George Parker, 4th Earl of Macclesfield (1755–1842), British peer and politician
 George Parker, 7th Earl of Macclesfield (1888–1975), British peer and landowner
 George Parker, 8th Earl of Macclesfield (1914–1992), British peer and landowner
 George Parker (racewalker) (1897–1974), Australian athlete
 George Parker (MP) (1619–1673), English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1659 and 1660
 George D. Parker (1873–1937), American-born actor, writer and director
 George Howard Parker (1864–1955), American zoologist
 George Parker (New Zealand politician) (1839–1915), New Zealand politician
 George Swinnerton Parker (1866–1952), founder of Parker Brothers
 George Safford Parker (1863–1937), American inventor and industrialist
 George Wells Parker (1882–1931), African American political activist
 George M. Parker (United States Army officer) (1889–1968), major general of the United States Army
 George Parker (footballer) (1921–2002), Australian rules footballer
 George G. C. Parker, American economist
 George Parker (squash player) (born 1996), English squash player
 George P. Parker (1885–1937), Attorney General of Utah
 George Lane Parker (1724–1791), British Army officer and politician
 George Parker (actor) (born 1991), British actor

See also
 Georgie Parker (born 1964), Australian actress
 Georgie Parker (field hockey) (born 1989), Australian field hockey player
 George Parker Bidder (1806–1878), English engineer and calculating prodigy
George Parker Bidder III (1863-1954), British marine biologist
George Parker Bidder Jr. (1836 - 1896), British barrister
 George Parker Winship (1871–1952), American librarian and author
Bob Kremer

Bob Kremer (born 1936)  is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska.  From 1999 to 2007, he represented the 34th District in the Nebraska Legislature.  Kremer is a farmer and cattle feeder. 

Kremer was born on January 8, 1936, in Aurora and graduated from Aurora High School in 1953, and Northwestern College in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1958.

In 1998, Kremer was elected to represent the 34th Nebraska legislative district; he was re-elected in 2002. During his tenure, he served on the Business and Labor and Natural Resources committees and was the chairperson of the Committee on Agriculture. Nebraska's term-limits law precluded his running for a third consecutive term in 2006.

Notable recognition
Kremer was awarded the Nebraska Farm Bureau's highest honor, the Silver Eagle award. According to the Nebraska Farm Bureau, "this award honors outstanding leadership and distinguished service to the agricultural industry."

References

External links
 
 

1936 births
Living people
People from Aurora, Nebraska
Nebraska state senators
Eotitanosuchus

Eotitanosuchus ("dawn giant crocodile") is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids whose fossils were found in the town of Ochyor in Perm Krai, Russia. It lived about 267 million years ago. The only species is Eotitanosuchus olsoni.

Description

Eotitanosuchus is known from a single large skull without a lower jaw. The skull was , but the overall length may have been over , possibly up to  and more than  in weight for adult specimens. Like Biarmosuchus tener, it was primitive in that, though it was a predator, the temple opening behind the eye was small, giving it a weak bite. The temple was, however, larger at the top than in other biarmosuchians.

Paleoecology
Eotitanosuchus fossils were found in the Perm (or Cis-Urals) region of Russia. Eotitanosuchus was without doubt a dominant animal of its environment. Found preserved in flood deposits (once coastal bogs) containing many skeletons of estemmenosuchids, it has been suggested that this large predator was an excellent swimmer, possibly semi-aquatic or frequenting marshy ground. This, however, is just speculation.

Classification
Eotitanosuchus is often grouped with the Phthinosuchidae and the Biarmosuchidae. In fact, Ivakhnenko (1999) argues that Biarmosuchus tener and Eotitanosuchus olsoni are the same organism, which would eliminate the Eotitanosuchia as a separate taxon, though this conclusion does not seem to have been widely accepted. Regardless of the eventual outcome of this debate, Ivakhnenko's paper does seem to show that Eotitanosuchus is very similar to Biarmosuchus. Further, given the rather close similarity between Eotitanosuchus and later therapsids, this observation supports the view that Biarmosuchia is paraphyletic. Others view Eotitanosuchus as quite distinct from other basal therapsids and perhaps closer to the Gorgonopsia but gorgonopsian specializations are either not present in Eotitanosuchus or, as is more often the case, the state of the characters is unknown. This genus is characterized by many primitive features of the septomaxilla, the postorbital, the parietal, the interparietal, the basioccipital, the quadrate rami of the pterygoid and the vomers of the skull. The length of the dorsal process of the premaxilla (front jawbone) and the postorbital twisting (rear side of the skull) constitute specializations that indicate it is not a direct gorgonopsian ancestor. These features, however, are shared by the anteosaur and biarmosuchid lineages.

See also 

List of therapsids

References 

 
 
 Patricia Vickers-Rich and Thomas H. Rich, The Great Russian Dinosaurs, Gunter Graphics, 1993, pg. 28.

External links 
 Eotitanosuchidae at Kheper
 Eotitanosuchidae
 Therapsida: Biarmosuchia: Biarmosuchidae / Eotitanosuchidae at Palaeos
Therapsida: Biarmosuchia at Palaeos

Biarmosuchians
Prehistoric therapsid genera
Wordian genera
Guadalupian synapsids of Europe
Permian Russia
Fossils of Russia
Fossil taxa described in 1960
Lowen Kruse

Lowen Kruse (February 25, 1929 – November 24, 2017) was a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska.  From 2001 to 2009, he represented the 13th District, consisting of part of Omaha, Nebraska, in the Nebraska Legislature.  Kruse was a minister for the United Methodist Church in the Nebraska Conference from 1956 until 1994. He was married to Ruth (Wallis) Kruse for 61 years, from 1956 until his death.

Kruse was born in 1929, in Boelus, Nebraska, and graduated from Boelus High School, Nebraska Wesleyan University, and Garrett Theological Seminary at Northwestern University with a master's degree. In addition to serving as a United Methodist minister in Omaha, Kruse was also a pastor in other Nebraska counties and held other positions in the church.  He published three works: Paradise on the Prairie, We Are the Church, and Omaha: The Prairie Blossoms.

In 2000, Kruse was elected to represent the 13th Nebraska legislative district.  He was reelected in 2004. In the Legislature, he served as vice chairperson of the Appropriations Committee.

Kruse died on November 24, 2017, at the age of 88.

See also
North Omaha

References

 
 

1929 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Democratic Party Nebraska state senators
Nebraska Wesleyan University alumni
Christianity in Omaha, Nebraska
Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary alumni
Religious leaders from Nebraska
American United Methodist clergy