alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Miltiades Caridis

Miltiades Caridis (; 9 May 1923 – 1 March 1998) was a German-Greek conductor.

Biography
Caridis was born in the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk). His mother was a Danziger of German ethnicity, his father was a Greek tobacco merchant from Smyrna.  His family moved to Weimar Germany and he was raised in Dresden, but his family moved to Greece in 1938, sensing that war was imminent. According to the biography Caridis was thus the only member of his Dresden school class to survive World War II. After the war, he studied with Hans Swarowsky in Vienna.  His career spanned opera in Cologne, Graz and Vienna.  He has also conducted the Philharmonia Hungarica, the Oslo Philharmonic and the Tonkünstlerorchester.
He was awarded the Béla Bartók medal in 1981 for his contribution in fomenting the appeal of the composer's work.

He died in Athens from a stroke he sustained while he was rehearsing with the Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi Greek National Orchestra.

References

1923 births
1998 deaths
German male conductors (music)
Greek conductors (music)
German people of Greek descent
German emigrants to Greece
Musicians from Dresden
Greek expatriates in Norway
Greek expatriates in Austria
People from the Free City of Danzig
20th-century composers
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians
El Frontón

El Frontón is a deserted island and former penal colony off the coast of Callao, Peru.

Geography
Dry, deserted and without vegetation, it is located 7 km from the coast, to the west of La Punta District and to the southeast of San Lorenzo Island. It has an approximate area of 1 km² and is frequented by marine animals such as sea lions and the Humboldt penguin.

History
From its viceregal era up until the early 19th century, the island was inhabited only by pirates and privateers, and was also known by the nickname of Dead Man's Island ().

Prison

The island became a penal colony in the early 19th century, starting in 1917, under president José Pardo's second administration. Initially a maximum security prison, the island eventually housed political prisoners, such as future president Fernando Belaúnde Terry, who, his imprisonment, made an unsuccessful attempt to swim to freedom. Hugo Blanco was also imprisoned on the island. The prison was renamed to San Juan Bautista Prison in 1981.

During the insurgency of the Shining Path, the island was used as a prison for Maoist militants.  On June 18, 1986, the Shining Path led an uprising in El Frontón's Blue Pavillion (), as well as two other prisons. The government of Alan García treated the prisons as war zones, and the Peruvian Navy was sent to the island. Many of the prisoners involved in the rebellion were killed, and Human Rights Watch claimed that evidence suggested that "no fewer than ninety" of the prisoners killed were victims of extrajudicial executions. The behavior of the Peruvian Government during the uprising in the prison led to censure by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

Notable prisoners
 Fernando Belaúnde Terry, two times president of Peru.
 Hugo Blanco, trotskyist politician.
 Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, founder of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance
 Guillermo Portugal Delgado, a criminal who escaped by dressing up as a woman, then killing a sea lion and swimming to shore.

In popular culture
The island is the main setting for Alberto Durant's 1991 film Alias 'La Gringa', based on Portugal's story.

References

Defunct prisons in Peru
Internal conflict in Peru
Pacific islands of Peru
Landforms of Callao Region
Prison islands
Appalachian Brewing Company

The Appalachian Brewing Company, commonly known as ABC, is an American brewery in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was founded in January 1997. Appalachian also operates pubs in Gettysburg, Lititz, Mechanicsburg and Shippensburg. The logo features the Rockville Bridge, which crosses the Susquehanna river just north of Harrisburg.

Craft beer

Flagship brews 
 Aero-Head Bock
 Trail Blaze Maple Brown Ale
 Chocolate Avenue Stout
 Outta Focus Double IPA
 Water Gap Wheat Ale
 Mountain Lager Dortmunder Export
 Hoppy Trails India Pale Ale
 Jolly Scot Scottish Style Ale

Seasonal specialty brews 
 Zoigl Star Lager Unfiltered Lager
 Celtic Knot Irish Red Ale
 Anniversary Maibock
 Mad Cameron Belgian Wit
 Hinterland Hefe Weizen
 Volks Weizenbock
 Kipona Fest Marzen
 Fresh Hop Pale Ale
 Rutty Buck Pumpkin Ale
 Batch No. 666 Halloween Beer
 Grinnin' Grizzly Holiday Spiced Ale
 Pennypacker Porter

Craft soda
Craft sodas include:
 Appalachian Root Beer
 Diet Appalachian Root Beer
 Appalachian White Birch Beer
 Appalachian Ginger Beer

See also 
 List of food companies

References

External links
Company website

Companies based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Beer brewing companies based in Pennsylvania
American soft drinks
Lust for Blood (album)

Lust for Blood is the eleventh original album by electro-industrial band Velvet Acid Christ. The album's promotional single is titled "Wound", which was on the Deutsche Alternative Chart for 8 weeks and reached number 10 on Billboards Hot Dance Singles Sales in 2006.

Track listing
Wound
Parasite
Discolored Eyes
Crushed
Disconnected Nightmare
Polyester Meth Zeus
Kashmir Crack Krishna
Ghost in the Circuit
Machine
Lust
For
Blood
Psychoaktive Landscapes
Ghost Regen

References

2006 albums
Velvet Acid Christ albums
Jan Czarnowski

Jan Franciszek Czarnowski (1883–1963) was a Polish nobleman of Grabie coat of arms who was Papal chamberlain to Pope Pius XI, and head of the Polish Priory of the Order of the Knights of Malta. He was married to Helena (Lunia) Kalinowska, and owned the Rossocha estate, where he commissioned a palace, built by Juliusz Nagórski.

References
 
 
 
  Jan Franciszek Czarnowski z Czarnowa h. Grabie

Papal chamberlains
Knights of Malta
1883 births
1963 deaths
Nicetas

Nicetas or Niketas () is a Greek given name, meaning "victorious one" (from Nike "victory").
The veneration of martyr saint Nicetas the Goth in the medieval period gave rise to the Slavic forms: Nikita, Mykyta and Mikita

People with the name Nicetas
 Nicetas of Syracuse, ( 400 – 335 BC), Greek philosopher
 Nicetas of Smyrna, late 1st-century Greek sophist and rhetorician, see Second Sophistic
 Nicetas of Remesiana, 4th-century bishop of the Dacians, now the patron saint of Romania
 Nicetas the Goth, 4th-century martyr
 Nicetas (Bishop of Aquileia), mid-5th-century archbishop of Aquileia
 Nicetas (cousin of Heraclius), early 7th-century Byzantine general
 Niketas the Persian, 7th-century Byzantine officer
 Niketas (son of Artabasdos), mid-8th-century Byzantine general
 Nicetas of Medikion (Nicetas the Confessor,  783 – 824), Byzantine monk and hegumenos
 Nicetas the Patrician (Nicetas Monomachos,  761 – 836), Byzantine eunuch official and monk, opponent of Iconoclasm
 Niketas Byzantios, ninth century, Byzantine theologian, school of Photius, wrote on Islam
 Niketas Ooryphas ( 860 – 873), Byzantine official, patrician and admiral
 Niketas (son of Ioube) ( 912), Byzantine general and governor
 Nicetas of Heraclea, 11th-century Greek catenist
 Nicetas Eugenianus, Byzantine Greek author of Drosilla and Charicles, see Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie
 Nicetas of Novgorod ( 1095 – 1108), saint and Bishop of Novgorod
 Nicetas of Nicomedia, 12th-century archbishop
 Nicetas of Chonae, 12th-century bishop in Byzantine Anatolia
 Nicetas (Bogomil bishop) (papa Nicetas), 12th-century bishop of Constantinople
 Niketas Choniates ( 1155 – c. 1215), Byzantine historian
 Niketas Scholares ( 1341 – 1361), Byzantine Greek military leader
 Nicetas I of Constantinople ( 766 – 780), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
 Nicetas II of Constantinople ( 1186 – 1189), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
 Niketas Stethatos (Nicetas Pectoratus,  1005 – c. 1090), Byzantine mystic and theologian
 Nicetas of Naupactus, see Minuscule 886
 Nikon Nizetas, cover name of WW1 spy Alfred Redl

See also
Anicetus (disambiguation)
Nikita (disambiguation)
Victor (name)

Greek masculine given names
Masculine given names
On the Way Down

"On the Way Down" is the debut single of American musician Ryan Cabrera, released from his 2004 studio album, Take It All Away. Cabrera co-wrote the song with Curtis Frasca and Sabelle Breer and produced it with Goo Goo Dolls frontman John Rzeznik. Released on May 24, 2004, the song peaked at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on October 5, 2004. The song won a 2006 ASCAP Pop Award for most performed song of the year.

Music video

The music video features Ashlee Simpson, Cabrera's then-girlfriend, playing his love interest. The music video for the single was filmed in Austin, Texas, at the University of Texas at Austin. The video reached number four on the TRL countdown.

Track listings
US enhanced CD single
 "On the Way Down" – 3:32
 "Let's Take Our Time" – 3:09
 "On the Way Down" (video)

Australian CD single
 "On the Way Down" (album version) – 3:32
 "I Know What It Feels Like" – 3:28
 "Exit to Exit" (NapsterLive version) – 4:24

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the US enhanced CD single liner notes and inlay.

Studios
 Recorded at Ocean Way Recording Studio B and John Rzeznik's house (Los Angeles, California, US)
 Mixed at Ocean Way Recording Studio D (Los Angeles, California, US)

Personnel

 Ryan Cabrera – writing, vocals, acoustic guitar, production
 Curtis Frasca – writing
 Sabelle Breer – writing
 Greg Suran – electric guitars
 Paul Bushnell – bass

 Gregg Bissonette – drums, percussion
 John Rzeznik – production
 Doug McKean – engineering, mixing
 Evan Lamberg – executive album production

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Ryan Cabrera songs
2004 debut singles
2004 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Songs written by Ryan Cabrera
Songs written by Curtis Frasca
True (Ryan Cabrera song)

"True" a song by American musician Ryan Cabrera, released as the second single from his second studio album, Take It All Away (2004), on October 11, 2004. The song peaked at number 18 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number eight on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 in January 2005.

Track listings
US promo CD 1
 "True" – 3:24

US promo CD 2
 "True" (album version) – 3:24
 "True" (Spanglish version) – 3:25
 "True" (Spanish version) – 3:30

Credits are personnel
Credits are lifted from the Take It All Away booklet.

Studios
 Recorded at Ocean Way Recording Studio B and John Rzeznik's house (Los Angeles)
 Mixed at Ocean Way Recording Studio D (Los Angeles)

Personnel

 Ryan Cabrera – writing, vocals, acoustic guitar, production
 Jimmy Harry – writing
 Sheppard Solomon – writing
 Greg Suran – electric guitars
 Paul Bushnell – bass

 Gregg Bissonette – drums, percussion
 John Rzeznik – production
 Doug McKean – engineering, mixing
 Evan Lamberg – executive album production

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2004 singles
2004 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Music videos directed by Kevin Kerslake
Ryan Cabrera songs
Songs written by Jimmy Harry
Songs written by Ryan Cabrera
Songs written by Sheppard Solomon
Georg Ludwig Jochum

Georg Ludwig Jochum (sometimes hyphenated as Georg-Ludwig Jochum) (10 December 1909 – 1 November 1970) was a German conductor and younger brother of better-known conductor Eugen Jochum.

He was born  in Babenhausen near Augsburg, Germany. After studies in Munich, in 1932 he was appointed General Music Director of the city of Münster.  This made him the youngest orchestral chief in Germany.  Like his brother, he is especially associated with the music of Anton Bruckner. His recording of Bruckner's Symphony No. 2, released in 1944, was the first recording of this work available on records. He died  in Mülheim, Germany.

References

External links
Discography

1909 births
1970 deaths
German male conductors (music)
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians
The Sitcom Showdown

The Sitcom Showdown is a British television quiz show hosted by Danny Baker. To date, it has run for one five-episode series, and was produced by UMTV for the UKTV Gold digital television channel.

Synopsis
Each episode features two teams of three - a 'superfan', their best friend, and a comedian/celebrity. Each team represents their favourite sitcom, and through numerous rounds of quizzes, challenges and good-old laughs, the teams collect points in order to crown an eventual 'winning' show. The show was conceived and developed by Baker who originally envisioned the winning team being allowed to show an episode of their favourite sitcom after the episode was over but such a concept never materialized. In a 2014 interview with Richard Herring Baker described the show as a "stinker" and "not the worst show there's ever been but it was close".

Episodes
 'Allo 'Allo! vs. Absolutely Fabulous
 The Vicar of Dibley vs. The Royle Family
 One Foot in the Grave vs. dinnerladies
 Yes Minister vs. Blackadder
 Fawlty Towers vs. Porridge

Celebrity team members
 'Allo 'Allo! - Steve Furst
 Absolutely Fabulous - Ian Lavender
 The Vicar of Dibley - Sue Perkins
 The Royle Family - Geoff Lloyd
 One Foot in the Grave - Stephen Frost
 dinnerladies - Linda Robson
 Yes Minister - Emma Kennedy
 Blackadder - Andy Goldstein
 Fawlty Towers - Rowland Rivron
 Porridge - Jenny Powell

External links

The Unofficial Porridge Website

2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
2000s British game shows
MyLINUX

MyLINUX was a Romanian computer magazine published monthly, specialized on the Linux operating system. Each release contained a small Linux distribution on a CD. It was started in August 2005. The magazine ceased to publish in January 2007, and the final issue was made available for free over the internet in PDF format.

Profile
Each issue of MyLINUX was structured in 10 segments:
 News - latest news from the Linux world. 
 Software - Linux software reviews. 
 Distributions - Linux distros pinned.
 Interview - interview with famous open source software developers.
 Beginner - articles for newbies.
 Internet - sites of the month
 LinuxMobil - articles about Linux on mobile devices.
 LinuxGame - Linux game reviews.
 LinuxTips - tips 'n' tricks over Linux.
 /dev/null - humor page.

The editing team consisted of:
 Rãzvan T. Coloja - Editor in chief
 Darius Martin  - Executive editor
 Emanuel Gliţia - Editor
 Mircea Buzlea - Project coordinator, mobile solutions
 Cristian Mada - Graphics design and DTP
 Tamas Kiraly - Webmaster

MyLINUX, along with MyHARDWARE, was one of the satellite magazines of MyCOMPUTER, another Romanian IT&C magazine.

Community site
Although the magazine ceased publication, another project is still being kept alive.

The main language of the site is Romanian, however the vast majority of the forum users understand English as well.
Over the time an active community has formed around the forum, made up mostly of Unix users.

References

2005 establishments in Romania
2007 disestablishments in Romania
Defunct magazines published in Romania
Defunct computer magazines
Downloadable magazines
Linux magazines
Magazines established in 2005
Magazines disestablished in 2007
Romanian-language magazines
Voll-Damm

Voll-Damm Doble Malta is a lager and Märzen or Märzenbier-style beer manufactured by S.A. Damm, a brewery in Barcelona, Spain. This robust, full-bodied beer emulates a German-style "Vollbier" and contains 7.2% alcohol by volume. Its dark-green colored labels display writing in the Gothic script.

The name of this Pale Lager comes from the word “voll”, which means full or complete in German, referring to the intense body and flavour of a beer with an original wort extract of 17%.

References

Awards

 International Beer Competition 2004: gold medal in the Strong Lager category and Best Beer in the competition.
 World Beer Awards 2007: Best Strong Lager.
 Superior Taste Awards 2009: rating with the highest score, Three Stars (“Exceptional” product).
 World Beer Championship Awards 2009: Gold Medal.
 Australian International Beer Awards 2010: Gold Medal.

Beer in Spain

ca:Damm#Voll-Damm
Åke Pleijel

Åke Vilhelm Carl Pleijel (10 August 1913 – 24 September 1989) was a Swedish mathematician.

He completed his Ph.D. in mathematics at Stockholm University in 1940 (with Torsten Carleman as supervisor), and later became Professor of Mathematics at Uppsala University.

Åke Vilhelm Carl Pleijel published the paper  in which the Minakshisundaram–Pleijel zeta function was introduced.

References

External links

1913 births
1989 deaths
Stockholm University alumni
20th-century Swedish mathematicians
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Topological half-exact functor

In mathematics, a topological half-exact functor F is a functor from a fixed topological category (for example CW complexes or pointed spaces) to an abelian category (most frequently in applications, category of abelian groups or category of modules over a fixed ring) that has a following property: for each sequence of spaces, of the form:

 X → Y → C(f)

where C(f) denotes a mapping cone, the sequence:

 F(X) → F(Y) → F(C(f))

is exact.  If F is a contravariant functor, it is half-exact if for each sequence of spaces as above,
the sequence F(C(f)) → F(Y) → F(X) is exact.

Homology is an example of a half-exact functor, and
cohomology (and generalized cohomology theories)  are examples of contravariant half-exact functors.
If B is any fibrant topological space, the (representable) functor F(X)=[X,B] is half-exact.

Homotopy theory

Homological algebra
Gospel of Andrew

The Gospel of Andrew is a gospel mentioned by Innocent I and Augustine. It is perhaps identical with the Acts of Andrew.

See also
List of Gospels

References

Apocryphal Gospels
Andrew the Apostle
Guaviare River

The Guaviare is a tributary of the Orinoco in Colombia. It flows together with the upper Orinoco (until here also called Río Parágua), which it clearly surpasses in length (altogether about 1760 km) and water flow. Thus, the Guaviare is hydrologically the main stream of the Orinoco system.

The Guaviare has its source in two other rivers, the Ariari and the Guayabero, which in turn have their own sources in the eastern part of the Andes. At  long, it is the longest tributary of the Orinoco and is navigable for  of its total length.  The Guaviare is considered the border between the Llanos and the Amazon Rainforest.  Its main tributary is the Inírida River.

References

The information in this article is based on a translation of its German equivalent.

External links
 Territorial-Environmental Information System of Colombian Amazon SIAT-AC website

Rivers of Colombia
Orinoco basin
George Waldegrave, 5th Earl Waldegrave

George Waldegrave, 5th Earl Waldegrave (13 July 1784 – 29 June 1794) was the son of the 4th Earl Waldegrave and his wife, Elizabeth Waldegrave, Countess Waldegrave.

Upon his father's death in 1789, he inherited his titles at the age of five but drowned whilst swimming in the River Thames near Eton in 1794, a week before his tenth birthday. His titles then passed to his brother, John.

Ancestry

References

External links
Stirnet: Waldegrave1 

1784 births
1794 deaths
People from Mendip District
People from Somerset
Accidental deaths in England
Deaths by drowning in the United Kingdom
Earls Waldegrave
Waldegrave family
Royalty and nobility who died as children
The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa)

The Gazette is a daily print newspaper and online news source published in the American city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The first paper was published as an evening journal, branded the Evening Gazette, on January 10, 1883. The newspaper is distributed throughout northeastern and east-central Iowa, including the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City metropolitan areas. It was formerly called The Cedar Rapids Gazette. As of September 2019, The Gazette has a circulation of 32,616 for the daily edition and 37,860 for the Sunday edition.

The employee-owned Folience parent owns Gazette Communications, Inc. (formerly "The Gazette Company" and "Gazette Communications" and "SourceMedia Group") which publishes The Gazette and other newspapers including the Penny Saver in Linn County and the Community News Advertiser in Johnson County.

The Gazette Company owned KCRG-TV (the call letters stand for "Cedar Rapids Gazette") until selling it to Gray Television, with the transfer being completed on October 1, 2015. The company also owned KCRG radio (1600 AM) until selling the station to the owners of another local broadcaster, KZIA FM 102.9. The sale was completed on October 31, 2006, with the radio station's call letters changing to KGYM as a result. SourceMedia Group also owned Decisionmark, which runs the TitanTV website, until selling it to a syndicate led by Turnstone Capital and Capitol Broadcasting Company.

In 2019, Gazette Communications, Inc. employed roughly 125 people.

References

External links

 

Mass media in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Newspapers published in Iowa
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service winners
Newspapers established in 1883
1883 establishments in Iowa
Geminal

In chemistry, the descriptor geminal () refers to the relationship between two atoms or functional groups that are attached to the same atom.  A geminal diol, for example, is a diol (a molecule that has two alcohol functional groups) attached to the same carbon atom, as in methanediol. Also the shortened prefix gem may be applied to a chemical name to denote this relationship, as in a gem-dibromide for "geminal dibromide".

The concept is important in many branches of chemistry, including synthesis and spectroscopy, because functional groups attached to the same atom often behave differently from when they are separated. Geminal diols, for example, are easily converted to ketones or aldehydes with loss of water.

The related term vicinal refers to the relationship between two functional groups that are attached to adjacent atoms. The relative arrangement of two functional groups can also be described by the descriptors α and β.

1H NMR spectroscopy 
In 1H NMR spectroscopy, the coupling of two hydrogen atoms on the same carbon atom is called a geminal coupling. It occurs only when two hydrogen atoms on a methylene group differ stereochemically from each other. The geminal coupling constant is referred to as 2J since the hydrogen atoms couple through two bonds. Depending on the other substituents, the geminal coupling constant takes values between −23 and +42 Hz.

Synthesis 
The following example shows the conversion of a cyclohexyl methyl ketone to a gem-dichloride through a reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. This gem-dichloride can then be used to synthesize an alkyne.

References

Chemical nomenclature
Anne-Grete

Anne-Grete Rendtorff (born 1947) is a Danish singer, who was most popular in the 1980s. She was a member of Van Dango in the period 1975-1981. In 1980 she launched her solo career. Anne-Grete is probably best known for the song "Vintertur på strøget", which is a cover of "Complainte pour Ste-Catherine" by Kate & Anna McGarrigle. This song is also covered by Marie Bergman: "Ingen kommer undan politiken".
In 1984 she had a local pop hit, recording a Danish version of Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton's "Islands in the Stream" with Peter Thorup.

Solo albums 
 Anne-Grete (1980)
 Vinden vender (1982)
 Labyrint (1983)
 Farlig som ild (1984)
 Verden er gal (1987)
 Lad livet leve (1991)
 Mellem mine hænder (1993)

Compilations 
 Skibe uden sejl (1998)

References

1947 births
Living people
20th-century Danish women singers
Danish pop singers
Confederation of State and Municipal Employees of Iceland

The BSRB (formerly Bandalag Starfsmanna Ríkis og Bæja) or Confederation of State and Municipal Employees of Iceland is a federation of trade union in Iceland. It was formed in 1942 and is the largest federation of employees in the public sector in Iceland with 25 member unions with over 21,000 members in total. About two in every three members are women.

The  BSRB is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation, the Council of Nordic Trade Unions and Public Services International.

References

External links
 www.bsrb.is 

Trade unions in Iceland
International Trade Union Confederation
European Trade Union Confederation
Council of Nordic Trade Unions
Public Services International
Trade unions established in 1942
1942 establishments in Iceland
Marias


Marias or Marías may refer to:

Places 

Islas Marías, a Mexican archipelago
Marías District, in Dos de Mayo province, Peru
Marias River, a tributary of the Missouri River
Marías, Aguada, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Marías, Añasco, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Marías, Moca, Puerto Rico, a barrio

People 

 Javier Marías, Spanish author, born 1951
 Notis Marias, Greek political scientist and politician, born 1957

Other 

 Mariáš (card game), a trick-taking card game
 The Marías, an indie psychedelic rock/soul band
 Alternate name for María biscuits

See also
 :es:Marías, a disambiguation page in Spanish Wikipedia
Black and white village

The term black and white village refers to several old English villages, typically in the county of Herefordshire, West Midlands of England.

The term "black and white" derives from presence of many timbered and half-timbered houses in the area, some dating from medieval times.  The buildings' black oak beams are exposed on the outside, with white painted walls between. The numbers of houses surviving in this style in the villages creates a very distinctive impression and differs from building styles outside this area.

It was probably only during the late Victorian age that it became fashionable to finish the buildings in a black and white veneer. In earlier times, the oak would not have been stained, but retained its natural colour and the walls would have reflected the colour of the local clay, generally a pink colour, rather than a white whitewash lime.

A 40-mile (64 km) circular tourist trail known as the "Black and White Village Trail" was developed in 1987 as a means of encouraging tourists to take a closer look at the Herefordshire villages, heritage and countryside.  The trail was developed mainly for travel by car, but it is also possible to make the journey by bicycle. Many coach tours now take in the trail also.

Locations on the trail
 Dilwyn
 Eardisley
 Kingsland
 Weobley
 Wigmore
 Yarpole
 Lyonshall
 Pembridge
 Eardisland

External links
 The Black & White Village Trail Leominster Country. Leominster Town Council.
 - a celebration of black and white timber-frame buildings in England, including the Black and White Trail and slideshows of Herefordshire villages and others with black and white buildings

Villages in Herefordshire
Adora, Har Hevron

Adora () is an Israeli settlement organised as a community settlement in the Judean Mountains in the southern West Bank, northwest of Hebron. Established in 1984, the community ideologically identifies with the Herut–Betar farming organization and falls under the jurisdiction of  Har Hevron Regional Council. Under the terms of the Oslo Accords of 1993 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, Adora was designated Area "C" under full Israeli civil and security control. In  its population was .

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Etymology
Adora is named after the biblical town Adoraim mentioned in , one of the fortified cities of the ancient Kingdom of Judah under the rule of Rehoboam. The name of the Palestinian town of Dura, located four kilometers south of Adura, is also derived from the ancient Adurim.

History
Adora was established in 1982 as a Nahal para-military outpost and demilitarized two years later when handed over to civilians. In 1983, a core group of families from Kiryat Arba, Beit Shemesh, Kiryat Gat, and Or Akiva, joined one another in preparing to settle the barren hilltop. After a week of preparations at the Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot, about half the families of the original 23 were told to be ready to move into trailers to be installed at the site with the government's permission. In January 1984, the group was warned that another core group might occupy the trailers before them. On 11 and 12 January 1984, the group moved in and began a wave of settlement expansion in the region.

Adora is situated east of the Israeli West Bank barrier, 6.4 kilometers from the Green line in the Judean hills northwest of Hebron at an altitude of 692 metres (2270 feet). The settlement has a total area of about 360 square meters. According to a 2006 Peace Now-report, 36.01 percent of the land Adora is built on, is privately owned, all or most of it by Palestinians. According to Israeli law, settlements on privately owned Palestinian land are illegal. According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated about 1000 dunams of land from the nearby Palestinian town of Tarqumiyah in order to construct Adora.

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
In the 27 April 2002 Adora terrorist attack, three Palestinian gunmen dressed like Israeli soldiers infiltrated the settlement of Adora on a Sabbath morning and attacked and killed four residents, including a 5-year-old girl, and injured seven. One of the assailants was later killed by the IDF.

References

Mixed Israeli settlements
Nahal settlements
Populated places established in 1982
1982 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Community settlements
Israeli settlements in the West Bank
Allied Irish Bank (GB)

Allied Irish Bank (GB) is a bank operating in the United Kingdom as a subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks (legally registered in the UK as AIB Group (UK) plc).

History
The Allied Irish Bank can trace its history back to the year of 1825. It was located in London.

Information
The Allied Irish Bank now operates across Great Britain in 21 various locations. The bank also employs about 700 people.

Services
Allied Irish Bank (GB) offers a full range of business banking services, delivered online and through 21 branches in Great Britain. The bank is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by both the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. It is covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.

Awards
Allied Irish Bank has had the following successes and awards:
2014, 2015 and 2016 :  Best Service from a Business Bank  at Business Moneyfacts Awards
2012 and 2013 : Winner of Best Business Fixed Account provider at Business Moneyfacts Awards
2013 : Moneyfacts Awards Finalist in three categories: Business Bank of the Year
2013 :  Best Business Card Provider

See also

AIB UK

References

External links

Allied Irish Banks
Banks of the United Kingdom
1825 establishments in the United Kingdom
Banks established in 1825
Frederick Charles Adler

Frederick Charles Adler (usually known as F. Charles Adler) (born on 2 July 1889 in London and died 16 February 1959 in Vienna) was an English-German conductor.

Adler studied with Gustav Mahler and served as chorus master at the premiere of Mahler's Eighth Symphony. He was held at Ruhleben internment camp during World War I.  He worked as a conductor in Germany in the 1920s, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1933. He made many recordings of the works of Mahler and Anton Bruckner. He made the first commercial recordings of Mahler's Third and Sixth symphonies. His recordings of Bruckner symphonies are unusual in that they use the first published editions rather than the later critical editions. (Hans Knappertsbusch was the only other major conductor to stick with the first editions consistently.)  His recording of Bruckner's Sixth Symphony is, as of 2006, the only recording ever made of the 1899 first published edition. His recording of Bruckner's Ninth Symphony is one of only two available to use the first edition prepared by Ferdinand Löwe in 1903 following Bruckner's death.

Adler also promoted much modern music, both in the SPA Music Festival he led in Saratoga Springs, New York and for various record labels (including SPA, Unicorn, and CRI).  Adler's recordings were made in Vienna, mostly with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra under a variety of pseudonyms for contractual reasons (e.g., Vienna Philharmonia Orchestra, Vienna Orchestra, Vienna Konzertverein).

Recording premieres
 Gustav Mahler, Third Symphony, Hilde Rössel-Majdan (contralto), choirs, Vienna Symphony Orchestra, 27 April 1952, SPA Records.
 Gustav Mahler, Sixth Symphony, Vienna Symphony Orchestra, 7 April 1953, SPA Records.
 Charles Ives, Second Symphony, Vienna Symphony Orchestra, 11 January 1953, SPA Records.

External links
Short biography (scroll down)
Collection of his papers, at Syracuse  University

Notes

English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
German male conductors (music)
World War I civilian detainees held by Germany
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
1889 births
1959 deaths
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians
20th-century British male musicians
20th-century British musicians
Wavelength shifter

A wavelength shifter is a photofluorescent material that absorbs higher frequency photons and emits lower frequency photons. The material absorbs one photon, and emits one or multiple lower-energy photons. The relaxation time of the excited molecule is usually in the order of nanoseconds.

Applications
Wavelength shifters are often used in particle physics to collect scintillation or Cherenkov light in particle detectors. Materials, such as acrylic slaps or optical fibers, are typically either doped with wavelength-shifting molecules or coated with wavelength-shifting paint.

Wavelength-shifting technology is of particular interest for low-background supernova neutrino detectors such as IceCube, Super-Kamiokande or its successor Hyper-Kamiokande. Here, wavelength shifters offer two advantages: As these types of detectors are based on the emission of Cherenkov photons of superluminous secondary particles from the neutrino interaction, absorbing more photons in the UV range and shifting them to the visible range detectable by conventional PMTs is beneficial. In addition, with wavelength shifters larger collection areas can be covered price-efficiently as compared to standard PMT-based sensors. An example of a sensor making use of wavelength-shifting technology is the Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM)  envisaged for an extension of the IceCube detector.

Furthermore, wavelength shifting materials can be used to increase the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell (solar cell) by changing one "too-high" energy photon into multiple "just-right" energy photons.

Besides the scientific application, wavelength shifters are sometimes used to achieve UV resistance of plastics instead of absorbers. Wavelength shifter are also used to shift UV light to the visible spectrum in Fluorescent lamps or LEDs, in most cases this is done with a Phosphor that can be considered a wavelength shifter with a long (ms) relaxation time.

Chemical structure
Organic wavelength shifters usually contain one or more benzene-ring(s) (e.g. :de:1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzol or p-Terphenyl) since the  and  bonds here are useful in the absorption/emission of the photon and the energy transport within the molecule. Modifications of the molecules allow in some cases the tuning of the acceptance and emission wavelength regime. The wavelength shift occurs due to the Franck–Condon principle, while excess energy is usually carried away in form of phonons.

Most organic wavelength shifters are planar molecules, causing a decrease in wavelength shifting efficiency when crystallized due to energy exchange between the molecules. Current research has also created 3 dimensional wavelength shifters that show the opposite effect since clustering together limits the energy that can be stored as rotational energy.

Spectral characteristics
Wavelength shifter usually have many absorption and emission lines that are broad enough to create an absorption and emission spectrum. The separation between absorption and emission spectrum is defined by the so-called Stokes shift.

References

Phosphors and scintillators
Major League Baseball 2K6

Major League Baseball 2K6 (MLB 2K6) is a 2006 Major League Baseball licensed baseball video game developed by Kush Games and published by 2K. It was released for Xbox 360, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. This is the first time the any 2K Sports game was released for a Nintendo system since the 2K3 Series of games and the first Major League Baseball 2K game as World Series Baseball 2K3 was canceled for the system along with the 2K4/ESPN Series of games.

It has new features, such as Inside Edge, World Baseball Classic, online experience and many more. This game also features various aspects that are new to baseball games, including fans shouting, the "swing stick", showboat catches, fans catching balls, and power rankings.

In-game commentary
Jon Miller and Joe Morgan provide in game commentary while Jeanne Zelasko and Steve Physioc are the studio hosts for the fictional program, Hard Ball Central.

World Baseball Classic
For the first time this contest is included in the saga. In this way, any of the 16 participating teams of the first edition of the 2006 World Baseball Classic can be chosen.

Group A
 
 
 
 

Group B
 
 
 
 

Group C
 
 
 
 

Group D

Licensing issues
Barry Bonds does not appear in this title. However, Joe Young, a fictional left fielder, is believed to be a younger switch-hitter version of Bonds. Bonds does not appear because he is not a member of the MLB Players Association. Young appears in place of Bonds in all titles. However, there were several fictional characters such as 'Carnival Lane'.

Reception

The game received "average" reviews on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.  In Japan, where the Xbox 360 version was ported and published by Spike on July 27, 2006, followed by the PlayStation 2 version on March 8, 2007, Famitsu gave it a score of one eight and three sevens for the former console version.

References

External links
 Official site
 
 

2006 video games
2K Sports games
GameCube games
Major League Baseball video games
MLB 2K
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Sports video games set in the United States
Take-Two Interactive games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in Maryland
Xbox 360 games
Xbox games
Holy Rosary Cathedral, Kaohsiung

The Holy Rosary Cathedral (; officially called ) is the oldest Catholic church in Taiwan, located in Lingya District, Kaohsiung, just east of the Love River. It is the seat of the Bishop of Kaohsiung.

History
The cathedral was first established in 1860 by Spanish from Filipinas and rebuilt to its present dimensions in 1928.

Architecture
The architectural style is modeled after both Gothic and Romanesque. The interior design is loosely similar to that of Manila Cathedral in the Philippines.

Activities
Mass is held daily, with English mass celebrated at 11:00 a.m. every Sunday. The cathedral is known throughout Kaohsiung for its annual Christmas Eve celebrations, which lasts the whole evening before Christmas Day.

Transportation
The cathedral is accessible within walking distance west from Central Park Station of Kaohsiung MRT.

See also
 Catholic Church in Taiwan
 Christianity in Taiwan
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaohsiung

External links

 Holy Rosary Cathedral website (Traditional Chinese)

1860 establishments in Taiwan
Basilica churches in Taiwan
Lingya District
Religious buildings and structures in Kaohsiung
Kaohsiung Cathedral
Kaohsiung Cathedral
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
Robert Lebel Trophy

The Robert Lebel Trophy is awarded annually to the team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League with the lowest goals against average in the regular season. The trophy is named for Robert Lebel, founding president of the QMJHL, and a former goaltender.

Winners

External links
 QMJHL official site List of trophy winners.

References

Quebec Major Junior Hockey League trophies and awards
1978 establishments in Quebec
Awards established in 1978
Limax

Limax  is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.

The generic name Limax literally means "slug".

Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus) and the tawny garden slug (Limacus flavus), are considered garden pests.

The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic.<ref name=klee>Klee, B. 2006 [http://www.malacsoc.org.uk/The_Malacologist/BULL48/forum48.htm#phyl Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora).]  The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.</ref>

 Distribution 
This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.

 Species 

The genus Limax includes at least 33 species:

 Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
 Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
 Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
 Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
 Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008
 Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
 Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
 Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
 Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
 Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822)
 Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
 Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
 Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
 Limax dacampi dacampi Menegazzi, 1855
 Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960Limax doriae  Bourguignat, 1861
 Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
 Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
 Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
 Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
 Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
 Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
 Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
 Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
 Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
 Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
 Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
 Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
 Limax luctuosus  Moquin-Tandon, 1855
 Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
 Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
 Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
  Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
 Limax pironae Pini, 1876
 Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
 Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
 Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
 Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009
 Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
 Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
 Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
 Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
 Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
 Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
 Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
 Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
 Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960

 Subgenus Limacus (more often today treated as its own genus) 

 Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881: synonym of Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851)
 Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)

 Synonyms 
 Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
 Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1822)
 Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is now placed in the genus Letourneuxia but the name has been used for Lehmannia carpatica (Bourguignat, 1861) and Ambigolimax waterstoni'' Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022

References 

Limacidae
Gastropod genera
Agricultural pest molluscs
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Pallikunnu

Pallikkunnu is a small township in Kannur, Kerala state, in South India. It is in Kannur corporation, on the National Highway between Kannur and Taliparamba. It is three kilometers away from Kannur city.

Pallikunnu houses several educational institutions including Sreepuram English Medium School, the Krishna Menon Memorial Government Women's College, and the Kerala Vocational Training Center.

Pallikunnu is famous for the Mookambika Temple.  Another well-known temple is the Kanathoor Maha Vishnu Temple.  It is close to the Kadalayi Sreekrishna Temple in Chirakkal.

The Central Prison, where many leaders of the Indian freedom struggle and various local peasant revolts were either brutally imprisoned or mercilessly executed, is located here.

The Doordarshan and Akashvani radio broadcasting stations are also located here.

Pallikunnu was a well-known place during the British empire. Many activities took place at the bungalow of the Superintendent, which has since been converted into a women's college.

Chalad town is included in the former Pallikkunnu panchayath area. 

Suburbs of Kannur
Larry McKeon

Larry McKeon (June 30, 1944 – May 13, 2008) was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from Chicago. Serving from January 1997 to January 2007, he was the first-ever openly gay member of the Illinois General Assembly and was also HIV-positive.

Early life and career
McKeon was born June 30, 1944, in Nampa, Idaho. He held degrees from California State University at Los Angeles and completed some doctoral work at the University of Chicago. He was a first lieutenant in the United States Army and a lieutenant with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department before moving to Chicago.

In 1991 his longtime partner, Ray Korzinski, was diagnosed with AIDS, dying just 12 weeks later.

Illinois House of Representatives
McKeon was elected to the House in 1996 from a Chicago district then-numbered the 34th and was sworn in the following January. He served on the committees on Labor, Aging, and several other subjects. During the 2002 redistricting, his district became the 13th.

McKeon was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame in 1997.

In July 2006, he announced his intention to retire from the legislature at the end of his term in January 2007. As he had already won the March 2006 Democratic primary election without opposition and thus had become the party's nominee for re-election, it fell to the five Democratic ward committeemen in his district to select a replacement nominee. They selected the openly gay (and openly HIV-positive) Greg Harris. The Republicans failed to select an opponent. McKeon opted to retire earlier than planned and resigned effective December 1, 2006. Greg Harris, the winner of the 2006 general election, was appointed by local Democratic leaders and sworn into office the same day.

Death and legacy
McKeon died at the age of 63 in Springfield, Illinois, after suffering a stroke. Following his death, numerous political figures issued statements praising his life and achievements, including U.S. Sen. Barack Obama, Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich and Howard Dean, chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Many of McKeon's campaigns won the backing of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund.

References

1944 births
2008 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
People from Nampa, Idaho
Military personnel from Idaho
Politicians from Chicago
Gay politicians
LGBT state legislators in Illinois
AIDS-related deaths in Illinois
American LGBT military personnel
United States Army officers
California State University, Los Angeles alumni
20th-century American politicians
Gay military personnel
20th-century American LGBT people
Military personnel from Illinois