alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Shin Ryu

Shin Ryu (; 1619–1680) was a general of the Joseon dynasty. He was born into a yangban family of the Pyeongsan Shin lineage in modern-day Chilgok County, Gyeongsangbuk-do, near where his shrine now stands in Yangmok-myeon. He passed the military gwageo in 1645, and went on to hold various state positions. In 1654, he was appointed commander (cheomsa, 僉使) of Hyesan in Joseon's northern border province of Hamgyeongbuk-do.

1658 expedition
Shin is best remembered today for his role in Joseon's 1658 expedition against Russian forces led by Onufriy Stepanov in Manchuria. His diary of this expedition, in which roughly 200 Joseon forces from Hamgyeongbuk-do armed with matchlocks joined with a smaller number of Qing forces commanded by Šarhūda to repel the Russian expedition, is one of only two the "Diary of the northern expedition" (북정일기, 北征日記). His forces successfully repelled Russian expedition forces led by Onufriy Stepanov and Russian expedition forces recorded 270 deaths, including Onufriy Stepanov. A modern edition was published in 1980. A Russian translation of his account is available as well; according to the Russian translator and the author of the comments, a particular significance of this document is that it represents the first ever written account about an encounter between Koreans and Russians.

See also
Military history of Korea
Manchus-Cossacks wars
History of Korea

References

External links
Invil profile of Shin's shrine
칠곡군:  고장의 인물
Editorial discussing the legacy of the 1658 expedition
  Manchu-Korean expedition against Russian expansion (나선정벌 (羅禪征伐)
  map of the Manchu-Korean expedition against Russian expansion (나선정벌 (羅禪征伐)
  map of the Manchu-Korean expedition against Russian expansion 
   Manchu-Korean expedition against Russian expansion (나선정벌 (羅禪征伐)

1619 births
1680 deaths
Korean generals
17th-century Korean people
Pyongsan Shin clan
Megablitz

Megablitz is an operational-level wargame that was developed by Tim Gow (with the assistance of Bob Cordery) to fill a niche in the range of wargames that was currently available.
It combines aspects of both traditional figure wargames and map-based wargames, and new players can quickly pick up the main concepts.

Origins
The origins of Megablitz lie in Chris Kemp's NQM (Not Quite Mechanised) wargames rules, where individual playing pieces represented company-sized units. In Megablitz these individual playing pieces usually represent battalion and regimental-sized units, although reconnaissance units are company-sized. Units are allocated Strength Points (SP) which relate to each unit's type e.g. Infantry, Cavalry, Armour, strength, equipment, and level of training. Hidden Strength Point markers are attached to the back of each stand, and are changed by a commander when the unit loses Strength Points as a result of combat.

Ground and Figure Scales
The ground scale used is very large (1:25,000 in games using 20 mm scale figures and vehicles and 1:50,000 in games using 1:300th scale figures and vehicles) and each game move represents two hours of actual time. This means that large battles (such as Kursk) can be fought out on the tabletop in a day of real time.

Giving Orders
At the beginning of each move, commanders give their units orders. This is done using the SMART order chits system.

S = Static
M = Mobile
A = Attack
R = Retreat
T = Transit

Each order determines the maximum distance a unit can move during a two-hour move as well as determining its ability to fight enemy units. For example, a unit must spend at least one move 'Static' (e.g. not moving so that it can prepare) before it can mount an 'Attack'. If a 'Mobile' unit runs into an enemy unit that is 'Static', the 'Mobile' unit will probably 'bounce off' having suffered some casualties and after inflicting very few.

The Combat System
The main element of the Megablitz combat system is the Combat Matrix. The Combat Matrix reflects the fact that units suffer different levels of casualties depending upon the orders they are carrying out. It works as follows:

Once units of opposing sides become involved in combat, each player counts the number of Strength Points that their units have.
They then pass one die for each of these Strength Points to their opponent.
Each player then rolls the die that they have been given in their Combat Box (a small box with a lid that can be fixed so that opposing players can not see the scores on the rolled dice), and the results are read off the Combat Matrix. The Combat Matrix shows the dice score required to inflict a casualty.
Each player then adjusts their units' Strength Points accordingly.

The main advantages of this system are that it is quick to use and it keeps the effects of combat secret from the opposition.

External links
Megablitz website

Miniature wargames
Kagul Obelisk

The Kagul Obelisk in Tsarskoye Selo is one of several such structures erected on behest of Catherine II of Russia in 1772 to commemorate Pyotr Rumyantsev's victory in the Battle of Kagul. Designed by Antonio Rinaldi, the dark grey-and-red marble obelisk stands in the landscape park of the Catherine Palace.

The inscription on the pedestal reads: "In memory of the victory at the Kagul River in Moldavia, July 21, 1770, under the command of Count Peter Rumyantsev the Russian army of seventeen thousand caused the Turkish Vizier Galil-Bey and his army of one hundred thousand and a half to flee to the Danube".

Notes

Obelisks in Russia
Monuments and memorials in Saint Petersburg
Buildings and structures in Pushkin
Victory monuments
Buildings and structures completed in 1772
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg
Loppers

Loppers are a type of scissors used for pruning twigs and small branches, like pruning shears with very long handles. They are the largest type of manual garden cutting tool.

They are usually operated with two hands, and with handles typically between  and  long to give good leverage. Some have telescopic handles which can be extended to a length of two metres, in order to increase leverage and to reach high branches on a tree. Loppers are mainly used for the pruning of tree branches with diameters less than . Some of the newer lopper designs have a gear or compound lever system which increases the force applied to the blades, or a ratchet drive.

Etymology

The word lopper can be used in the singular or the plural, with precisely the same meaning. The plural form, most common in speech but less so in print, is a plurale tantum, and seems to be on the model of a pair of scissors. The name of the tool is derived from the verb "to lop", meaning to cut off (especially branches or twigs), which in turn is related to a noun of precisely the same form: a "lop" is a period or session of branch cutting. The noun and verb first appeared in Middle English as loppe, but have no known antecedents or cognates in other languages.

Construction
The main distinction among loppers is between bypass and anvil types. Bypass loppers operate like scissors, except that they generally only have one blade that moves past a jaw or hook that has an approximately square edge that is not typically sharpened and is usually concave or hook shaped in order keep branches from slipping out of the jaws. The jaws of bypass loppers may be straight, curved, or one curved with one straight. Anvil loppers have a single sharpened blade, with a straight or sometimes curved edge, that closes against a similarly contoured flat anvil like surface on the other side of the jaws, usually made of a softer metal than the blade.

Anvil loppers have the disadvantage of tending to crush rather than cut, sometimes leaving an untidy wound, more vulnerable to infection. Their main advantages are of relative strength and of being less likely to jam with fibrous material. Very hard or resilient branches can sometimes deflect a bypass lopper so that material either binds between the blades or even levers them apart, which can be dangerous both to the tool and the operator.

Both types of lopper generally have a sprung adjusting screw at the fulcrum, which can be used to tighten the blades as they loosen in use. With bypass loppers, it is also useful for releasing material jamming the blades. Anvil loppers usually have a screw for adjusting or detaching the plate, so that it can be moved to compensate for wear or replaced entirely.

See also
Pruning shears (secateurs)—smaller garden cutting tools usually operated with one hand

External links 
 

Gardening tools
Habitat management equipment and methods
Scissors

ar:مقصات التشذيب
bg:Лозарска ножица
pdc:Baamscheer
ksh:Boumschėer
Loop braid group

The loop braid group is a mathematical group structure that is used in some models of theoretical physics to model the exchange of particles with loop-like topologies  within three dimensions of space and time.

The basic operations which generate a loop braid group for n loops are exchanges of two adjacent loops, and passing one adjacent loop through another.  The topology forces these generators to satisfy some relations, which determine the group.

To be precise, the loop braid group on n loops is defined as the motion group of n disjoint circles embedded in a compact three-dimensional "box" diffeomorphic to the three-dimensional disk.  A motion is a loop in the configuration space, which consists of all possible ways of embedding n circles into the 3-disk.  This becomes a group in the same way as loops in any space can be made into a group; first, we define equivalence classes of loops by letting paths g and h be equivalent iff they are related by a (smooth) homotopy, and then we define a group operation on the equivalence classes by concatenation of paths.  In his 1962 Ph.D. thesis, David M. Dahm was able to show that there is an injective homomorphism from this group into the automorphism group of the free group on n generators, so it is natural to identify the group with this subgroup of the automorphism group.  One may also show that the loop braid group is isomorphic to the welded braid group, as is done for example in a paper by John C. Baez, Derek Wise, and Alissa Crans, which also gives some presentations of the loop braid group using the work of Xiao-Song Lin.

See also 
 Braid group

References

Braid groups
Chesme Column

The Chesme Column () is a rostral column (a type of victory column) in the Catherine Park at the Catherine Palace, a former Russian royal residence at Tsarskoye Selo, a suburb of Saint Petersburg. The column commemorates three Russian naval victories in the 1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War: the Battle of Chios, the Battle of Chesma and the Battle of Mytilene. It was constructed from 1774 to 1778 in the large pond of the landscape park of the Catherine Palace to Antonio Rinaldi's designs.

The column is decorated with the rostra of three ships' bows, and crowned by a bronze figure of an eagle (a symbol of Russia) crushing a crescent (a symbol of Turkey). The column stands on a grey marble pedestal, on three sides of which are bronze bas-reliefs illustrating the Russian victories, while the fourth side is inscribed with a description of the battles. The bas-reliefs were destroyed by the Germans during World War II, and subsequently replaced using old photographs. The column was reopened in June 1996, commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Russian Navy. The pedestal rests on a stepped pyramid-like granite platform, with an arched opening with a grille leading to a flight of steps providing access to the pedestal.

Gallery

References

Monumental columns in Russia
Monuments and memorials in Saint Petersburg
Buildings and structures in Pushkin
Victory monuments
Buildings and structures completed in 1778
Sculptures of eagles
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg
Animal sculptures in Russia
Prehn's sign

Prehn's sign (named after urologist Douglas T. Prehn) is a medical diagnostic indicator that was once believed to help determine whether the presenting testicular pain is caused by acute epididymitis or from testicular torsion. Although elevation of the scrotum when differentiating epididymitis from testicular torsion is of clinical value, Prehn's sign has been shown to be inferior to Doppler ultrasound to rule out testicular torsion.

According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion.

 Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
Positive Prehn's sign indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards epididymitis.

Another way to differentiate between epididymitis and torsion on physical examination is checking for the cremaster reflex which is classically absent in the case of torsion.

History
It was discovered in 1934, by Douglas T. Prehn (August 1, 1901 – June 30, 1974), a prominent American urologist in Wisconsin.

References

Medical signs
Luke Temple

Luke Temple, also known under the alias Art Feynman, is an American singer-songwriter.  He records under his own name and with New York–based band Here We Go Magic.

Temple was born in Salem, Massachusetts. After spending time in Northern California, he studied painting at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts. After struggling to make a living as a visual artist, including painting murals in upscale New York City apartments, Temple moved into songwriting and recording. After recording a four song EP himself on a four-track recorder, Temple was signed to Mill Pond Records of Seattle.
He would go on to record two full-length albums with Mill Pond, Hold a Match for a Gasoline World (2005) and Snow Beast (2007), before signing with label Secretly Canadian in 2010 for Good Mood Fool. On November 11, 2016, Temple released A Hand Through the Cellar Door.

Temple's vocal styles are noted for their use of falsetto, and have been compared to Paul Simon, Jeff Buckley, and Nick Drake.

His song "Make Right With You" was featured in an episode of Grey's Anatomy, season 3's "Where the Boys Are".

Temple also began releasing music under the alias Art Feynman in 2017, beginning with Blast Off Through the Wicker released on the Western Vinyl label.

Discography

Luke Temple

Studio albums
 2005 – Hold a Match for a Gasoline World (Mill Pond)
 2007 – Snowbeast (Mill Pond)
 2011 – Don't Act Like You Don't Care (Western Vinyl)
 2013 – Good Mood Fool (Secretly Canadian)
 2016 – A Hand Through the Cellar Door (Secretly Canadian)
 2019 – Both-And (Native Cat Recordings)

Extended plays
 2004 – Luke Temple (Mill Pond)

Art Feynman

Studio albums
 2017 – Blast Off Through the Wicker (Western Vinyl)
 2020 – Half Price at 3:30 (Western Vinyl)

Extended plays
 2017 – Near Negative (Western Vinyl)

References

External links
Official Page on Mill Pond Records
Lazy-i Interview: March 2005

American male singer-songwriters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Western Vinyl artists
Secretly Canadian artists
Simon S. Cook

Simon Sephrenus Cook (September 15, 1831 – May 15, 1892) represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1874.

He was born in Williamsburgh in Dundas County in Upper Canada in 1831 and educated at the Potsdam Academy in Potsdam, New York. He lived in Morrisburg and was involved in the timber trade. In 1881, he was appointed registrar for the county. His brother James William represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and his brother Hermon Henry served in both the federal and provincial legislatures.

External links
 
 
 

Simon Cook
1831 births
1892 deaths
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Lee Hill (writer)

Lee Hill is the author of A Grand Guy—a biography of Terry Southern (2001)—as well as a monograph on the film Easy Rider (1996). He has contributed a wide range of journalism and commentary to Senses of Cinema, The Times, Scenario, Cinemascope, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and other outlets. He was the managing editor of Vox Magazine, the critically acclaimed music monthly and program guide of CJSW-FM from 1988 through 1990.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American biographers
American male biographers
Net operating profit after taxes

In corporate finance, net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is a company's after-tax operating profit for all investors, including shareholders and debt holders. NOPAT is used by analysts and investors as a precise and accurate measurement of profitability to compare a company's financial results across its history and against competitors.

When calculating NOPAT, one removes Interest Expense and the effects of other non-operating activities (non-recurring gains and losses) from Net Income to arrive at a value that approximates the value of a firm's annual earnings. NOPAT is precisely calculated as:

NOPAT = (Net Income - after-tax Non-operating Gains + after-tax Non-operating Losses + after-tax Interest Expense)

NOPAT doesn’t include one-time losses and other non-recurring charges, because they don’t represent the true, ongoing profitability of the business. For example, a company may incur acquisition costs that would not be expected to occur in the future. These costs would negatively affect current year earnings, but do not accurately portray the operations of the firm. These costs should be excluded when performing any type of analysis to determine the operating and financial efficiency of a firm or to compare performance against other firms.

For a rough calculation, NOPAT approximates earnings before interest after taxes (EBIAT).

The rough calculation for NOPAT is: NOPAT = Operating profit x (1 - Tax Rate)

NOPAT is frequently used in calculations of Economic value added and Free cash flow.

Numerical example

Financing approach

See also 
Economic value added
Free cash flow
Financial statement analysis

References

External sources
 

Corporate finance
Fundamental analysis
Profit
John Lawrence Manning

John Lawrence Manning (sometimes spelled John Laurence Manning)  (January 29, 1816October 24, 1889) was the 65th Governor of South Carolina, from 1852 to 1854. He was born in Clarendon County. He attended South Carolina College, where he was a member of the Euphradian Society.

Marriages and children 
In 1838, John L. Manning married Susan Frances Hampton (1816–1845), daughter of General Wade Hampton I and his wife, Mary Cantey, and half-sister of Colonel Wade Hampton II, who though he alone inherited their father's considerable fortune, shared it equally with her and another sister. She died giving birth to their third child. In 1848 Manning married Sally Bland Clarke and had four children by her. During his term in office, he resided at the Preston C. Lorick House.

Millford Plantation 
John Manning and his wife, Susan, had Millford Plantation built in 1839 near Pinewood, South Carolina. It is now a National Historic Landmark.

Slave owner 
According to the 1860 United States Slave Census Schedule, John Manning owned 670 enslaved African-Americans, making him the 6th largest American slave owner at the time.

Burial 
He is interred in the churchyard at Trinity Episcopal Church in Columbia, South Carolina.

Honors 
The town of Manning, South Carolina was named for him.

References

External links 
 SCIway Biography of John Lawrence Manning
 NGA Biography of John Lawrence Manning

|-

1816 births
1889 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Confederate States Army officers
Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
High Hills of Santee
Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
People from Clarendon County, South Carolina
People from Pinewood, South Carolina
People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
Princeton University alumni
Democratic Party South Carolina state senators
University of South Carolina alumni
University of South Carolina trustees
United States senators who owned slaves
Members of the United States Senate declared not entitled to their seat
Simon Cook

Simon Cook may refer to:

Simon Cook (English cricketer) (born 1977), English cricketer
Simon Cook (Australian cricketer) (born 1972), Australian cricketer
Simon S. Cook (1831–1892), Canadian lumber merchant and political figure
Simon Cook (actor), British actor and politician

See also
Simon Cooke, New Zealand sailor
Gelfond

Gelfand is a surname meaning "elephant" in the Yiddish language. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alexander Gelfond (1906–1968), Soviet mathematician
 Michael Gelfond, American computer scientist

See also
 Gelfand
 Helfand
 Helfant

Yiddish-language surnames
Foel Grach

Foel Grach is a mountain in the Carneddau range. It is the eighth-highest summit in Snowdonia as well as Wales, and is included in the Welsh 3000s.

It is located on a broad ridge extending northwards from Carnedd Llewelyn to Carnedd Gwenllian (formerly Y Garnedd Uchaf) and Foel-fras. An emergency refuge has been built below the summit. Compared to the surrounding mountains, much deeper snow settles here due to its rather broad summit and high grassy slopes.  On clear days the Isle of Man and even the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland can be seen from the summit.

References

External links
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Foel Grach

Hewitts of Wales
Tourism in Gwynedd
Mountains and hills of Snowdonia
Nuttalls
Furths
Mountains and hills of Gwynedd
Mountains and hills of Conwy County Borough
Caerhun
Llanllechid
Carnedd Gwenllian

, Furth

Carnedd Gwenllian (named Y Garnedd Uchaf before 2009) is a minor summit of the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales, and included in the Welsh 3000s.  From the summit, distant views to the north can extend as far as Ireland and the Isle of Man, and to the South as far as the Berwyn Ranges.

It lies between Foel Fras and Foel Grach, but is not always included in the Welsh 3000s, as its summit rises only slightly above the ridge. However, it is classed as a Hewitt. Its slopes, like all those in the northern Carneddau, are largely grassy, although they are steep.  The slopes can receive significant accumulations of snow-drifts during blizzards in winter.  In the past, snow beds have survived on the mountain as far as June.  The annual average temperature on Y Garnedd Uchaf is relatively cold, ranging between 4-5 degrees Celsius.

For some years there was a campaign by the Princess Gwenllian Society to have the name of this peak changed from Y Garnedd Uchaf to Carnedd Gwenllian. Gwenllian of Wales (1282–1337) was the only daughter of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. After her father's death, she was held in a nunnery at Sempringham in Lincolnshire until she died. In September 2009, the summit was renamed Carnedd Gwenllian, and the Ordnance Survey agreed to use the dual name Carnedd Uchaf/Carnedd Gwenllian on its maps from 2010 onwards.

References

External links
 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of and from Y Garnedd Uchaf

Hewitts of Wales
Mountains and hills of Snowdonia
Nuttalls
Furths
Abergwyngregyn
Llanllechid
Mountains and hills of Conwy County Borough
Caerhun
Mountains and hills of Gwynedd
Beondegi

Beondegi (), literally "pupa", is a Korean insect-based street food made with silkworm pupae. 

The boiled or steamed snack food is served in paper cups with toothpick skewers. Its aroma has been described as "nutty, shrimp-like, and a bit like canned corn" and the canned type smells very much "like tire rubber", while the texture is firm and chewy.

Beondegi is also served in soup form as beondegi-tang. This soup is flavoured with soy sauce, chili, garlic, green onions and red pepper powder. It is typically served as an anju (food consumed with alcohol) at pubs.

Canned beondegi and beondegi-tang can also be found in supermarkets and convenience stores.

History 
Although sericulture in Korea dates back 4,000 years, consumption of silkworm pupae (a byproduct of this industry) is relatively recent. Beondegi has been eaten in silk farming villages since at least the 1920s. Widespread consumption began after the Korean War, when the government heavily promoted the silk industry. Silkworm pupae were a protein source during the poverty of the time.

Gallery

References 

Insects as food
Street food in South Korea
Rumiñahui Canton

Rumiñahui (in Hispanicized spelling, ) or Rumiñawi (Quechua rumi stone, ñawi eye, "stone eye") is a canton of Pichincha Province in Ecuador. Its seat is Sangolquí. The canton lies southeast of Quito Canton and forms a suburb of Quito.

Rumiñahui was named a Pueblo Mágico by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) in 2020. It was the first canton in Pichincha to be awarded that distinction.

Parishes
The canton is made up of the following parishes:
Urban parishes: Sangolquí, Taboada
Rural parishes: Cotogchoa, Rumipamba

See also 
 Rumiñawi (Inca warrior)
 Rumiñawi (volcano)

Sources 

 
Cantons of Pichincha Province
Väinö Raitio

Väinö Eerikki Raitio (15 April 1891, in Sortavala, Grand Duchy of Finland – 10 September 1945, in Helsinki) was part of the small group of composers who appeared in the Finnish art music scene in the 1920s with a new cosmopolitan music style, very different from the dominant conservative National Romanticism.

Raitio's career as a composer reached its peak in the 1920s when eight large symphonic poems appeared from his pen. Influenced by Alexander Scriabin, his style was too modern for Nordic music circles, and his orchestral work Joutsenet (The Swans, Les Cygnes) of 1919 remained as his sole orchestral piece to be published (in 1938).

Raitio's profile as a composer slipped, as he concentrated on shorter works for smaller ensembles in the 1930s and 1940s. In private, however, much effort was made by the composer to write operatic works. Still today, his five operas are only known from the composer's hand-written manuscripts.

Works

Early period (–1919)
Violin Sonata in F sharp minor
String Quartet in G minor op. 10
Piano concerto op. 6
Poème for cello and orchestra op. 7
Symphonic Ballade op. 9
Symphony in G Minor op. 13

Reaching maturity (1919–1920s)
Joutsenet op. 15 ('The Swans'/'Les Cygnes')
Piano Quintet in C sharp minor, op. 16
Nocturne op. 17
Fantasy for quintet op. 19
Fantasia estatica op. 21
Four Colour poems for piano op. 22Antigone Trilogy op. 23Moonlight on Jupiter op. 24Fantasia poetica op. 25The Pyramide for mixed choir and orchestra op. 27The Avenue for soprano and orchestra op. 29

Back to traditional forms (1930s–40s)Suite Summer Scenes from HämeForest Idylls Scherzo Felix domesticaLegend for violin and orchestra
Double concerto for violin, cello and orchestraThe Maids on the HeadlandsIdyllNotturno for violin and orchestraSerenata for violin and orchestraFantasy for cello, harp and orchestra

Stage works
5 Operas:Jeftan tytär (The Daughter of Jephtha), op. 30 (1929)Prinsessa Cecilia (Princess Cecilia) (1933)Lyydian kuningas (The King of Lydia) (1937)Väinämöisen kosinta (Väinämöinen's Proposal) (1934–1936)Kaksi kuningatarta (The Two Queens')
Ballet The Waterspout (Vesipatsas)
Le ballet grotesque

Further reading

External links
 Väinö Raitio Society (mostly in Finnish)
 Music Finland composer material

1891 births
1945 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Finnish male classical composers
Finnish classical composers
Finnish opera composers
20th-century male musicians
Male opera composers
People from Sortavala
People from Viipuri Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
20th-century Finnish composers
DISY

DISY may refer to:

The Democratic Alliance (Greek: Δημοκρατική Συμμαχία — ΔΗ.ΣΥ.), a political party in Greece
The Democratic Rally (Greek: Δημοκρατικός Συναγερμός — ΔΗ.ΣΥ.), a political party in Cyprus
Yu Deuk-gong

Yu Deuk-gong (; 1749–1807) was a Korean scholar during the Joseon Dynasty.  He is remembered today for his work in recovering the history of Balhae, which had not generally been considered part of Korean history before his time.

See also
History of Korea
Balhaego

References
Yu, Deuk-gong.  "Yu Tŭkkong:  Parhae in Korean history," pp. 186–187 in

External links
Dusan Encyclopedia article, in Korean

18th-century Korean poets
Historians of Korea
1749 births
1807 deaths
Joseon people
Sweet Black Angel

“Sweet Black Angel” (sometimes known as “Black Angel”) is a song by the Rolling Stones, included on their 1972 album Exile on Main St. It was also released on a single as the B-side to "Tumbling Dice" prior to the album. The song features a West Indian rhythm.

Writing and recording
Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, "Sweet Black Angel" is one of the few outright political songs released by the Rolling Stones. Jagger was inspired to write the song after seeing a poster of civil rights activist Angela Davis. At the time, Davis was facing murder charges.

Initial recording took place at Stargroves, Mick Jagger’s home in England during the mid 1970 Sticky Fingers sessions with overdubs and final mixing being completed later at Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles between December 1971 and March 1972.

Music and lyrics 
“Sweet Black Angel” is a country-blues ballad with a West Indian rhythm. Jagger is on lead vocals and harmonica, Richards on guitar and backing vocals, Mick Taylor on guitar, Bill Wyman on bass and Charlie Watts on drums. Richard “Didymus” Washington plays marimba while producer Jimmy Miller lends support on percussion.

Though Angela Davis is not mentioned by name in the lyrics, the lyrics of the song call "obliquely" for justice for Davis.

Critical reception 
Steve Kurutz writes in his review:

Davis is not mentioned by name in the lyrics:

Of recent years there has been controversy for the use of the word "nigger" in the song.

Live performances
“Sweet Black Angel” was performed live by the Stones only once, in Fort Worth on 24 June 1972.

Personnel

According to authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon:

The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger vocals, harmonica
Keith Richards acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Mick Taylor acoustic guitar (Margotin and Guesdon were uncertain about this)
Bill Wyman bass
Charlie Watts woodblock (Margotin and Guesdon were uncertain about this)

Additional musicians
Jimmy Miller güiro
Richard 'Didymus' Washington marimba

References

The Rolling Stones songs
Songs written by Jagger–Richards
1972 songs
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Miller
Angela Davis
Political songs
Clochemerle

Clochemerle, published in the United States as The Scandals of Clochemerle, is a French satirical novel by Gabriel Chevallier (1895–1969) first published in 1934. It centres on personal rivalries and local politics in the fictional village of Clochemerle, inspired by Vaux-en-Beaujolais, in Beaujolais in 1923 and satirises the conflict between Catholics and republicans in the Third Republic. The story concerns a dispute over the construction of a vespasienne (public urinals) near the village church. In its satirical portraits of individual inhabitants, it is an example of observational humour.

The book received considerable public acclaim and was awarded the Prix Courteline in 1934. The cartoonist Albert Dubout was subsequently commissioned to create an illustrated version. Chevallier subsequently wrote two sequels to the work after the Second World War entitled Clochemerle Babylone (1951) and Clochemerle-les-Bains (1963). The term Clochemerle and adjective clochemerlesque have entered French as a term to describe "petty, parochial squabbling".

Clochemerle has been widely translated into other languages and has inspired numerous dramatisations. Raymond Souplex composed an operetta based on the work in 1944 and a film was produced in 1948. There have been several television series based on the work, notably a 1972 BBC dramatisation.

See also
The Little World of Don Camillo and Peppone (1948)

References

Further reading

External links
"Books: Clochemerle 1923". Time. 26 April 1937.

1934 French novels
French satirical novels
Novels set in France
French novels adapted into television shows
French Third Republic
Peter S. Meadows

Peter S. Meadows is a British political scientist and an Honorary Lecturer in the Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences at The University of Glasgow.

Along with his wife, Azra Meadows, he has carried out extensive work of an environmental, cultural and educational nature in Pakistan, and in 2005 was awarded the Sitara-i-Quaid-i-Azam (Star of the Great Leader), one of the highest civilian medals of that country, for services to Pakistan.

Meadows and Azra Meadows are the editors of The Glasgow Naturalist, the annual publication of The Glasgow Natural History Society.

Cultural initiatives 

Amongst the projects in which Meadows and Azra Meadows have played a significant role is the Connecting Futures:Student Dialogues programme.

Conceived by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the British Council, the aim of the initiative was to foster an understanding between the cultural backgrounds of students from the UK and those of Muslim countries, as part of which a delegation of sixteen students from the UK - four from The University of Glasgow, four from the University of Edinburgh, four from the University of Warwick and four from Cardiff University - visited Pakistan in 2005.

The Meadows, as well as facilitating the preparations for the delegation of Glasgow students - Anna Chiumento, Gary Sergeant, Zoe Nisbet and Tommy Ga-Ken Wan - have ensured that the value, purpose and success of the initiative is not forgotten. This has been done by arranging and assisting the students from Glasgow University to deliver, on several occasions, a lecture entitled Bridging the Divide: Myths and Realities, describing their experiences in Pakistan and their impact. At the invitation of Maliha Lodhi, the High Commissioner of Pakistan to the United Kingdom, the lecture was delivered in September 2005 to an audience at the High Commission of Pakistan in London.

References

External links 
University of Glasgow Biosedimentology Unit
Glasgow Natural History Society

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academics of the University of Glasgow
British scholars of Pakistan studies
Historians of Pakistan
Hermon Henry Cook

Hermon (Herman) Henry Cook (April 26, 1837 – April 12, 1914) was an Ontario lumber merchant and political figure. He represented Simcoe North in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1872 to 1878 and Simcoe East from 1882 to 1891. He also represented Simcoe East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1879 to 1882.

Life
He was born in Williamsburgh Township in Dundas County Upper Canada in 1826, the son of George Cook and Sarah Castleman, and was educated in Iroquois. He established himself as a lumber merchant in Simcoe County and set up a sawmill near the current site of the town of Midland, Ontario. With the completion of the Midland Railway of Canada, his timber business prospered. In 1861, he married Lydia White. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Ontario assembly in 1871. Cook resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1882 to run for a federal seat. He died in Toronto at the age of 76.

Relatives
His brother James William represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and his brother Simon represented Dundas in the House of Commons of Canada. His uncle John Cook had earlier represented Dundas in the legislative assembly for Upper Canada.

References

External links

Herman Henry Cook
1837 births
1914 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Guido Mantega

Guido Mantega (; born 7 April 1949) is an Italian Brazilian economist,  and politician who was Brazil's Finance Minister. Mr Mantega served as Brazil's Finance Minister for more than eight years, being the longest-serving Finance Minister in the history of Brazil.

Life and career
Mantega was born in Genoa, Italy. He graduated in Economics from the School of Economics, Business and Accounting of the University of São Paulo, he holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of São Paulo and is a professor of economics at several leading universities of São Paulo.

He has long been associated with the left wing Workers' Party and was a key member in the successful presidential campaign of the party's founder and leader, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Upon Lula's access to power in 2003, Mantega was appointed Minister of Planning, and later chairman to BNDES (National Bank for Economical and Social Development).

On March 27, 2006 he was named Brazil's Finance Minister, replacing Antonio Palocci, who resigned in the wake of corruption charges. Mr Mantega left office in December 2014, when he was replaced by the Chicago-trained economist Joaquim Levy.

In mid-2013, financial-markets commentator David Marsh wrote:
 Developing-nation economic leaders such as Guido Mantega, Brazil’s outspoken finance minister — who two years ago accused the U.S. of launching “currency wars” through QE and a lower dollar, allegedly to steal a growth advantage —, have had to change their tune.
Marsh's comments came as the Federal Reserve's Ben Bernanke was beginning to explore the end of QE and one impact was a "withdrawal of liquidity" from markets such as Brazil's.

Bibliography

Notes and citations

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1949 births
Living people
Italian emigrants to Brazil
Brazilian economists
Workers' Party (Brazil) politicians
University of São Paulo alumni
Finance Ministers of Brazil
Government ministers of Brazil
Brazilian columnists
Lists of Gaelic games clubs

Lists of Gaelic games clubs include:

 List of Gaelic games clubs in Ireland
 List of Gaelic games clubs outside Ireland
Herman Hotchkiss

Herman Hotchkiss (July 1, 1765 – February 20, 1836) was an early settler of East Haven, Connecticut and is credited as founder of Fair Haven, Connecticut.  This is not because he discovered it, which was achieved by other Europeans in 1639, but because he made numerous investments which ultimately led to its growth.

Records from North Congregational Church in New Haven, Connecticut list a marriage between Herman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Ford on July 28, 1793.

In 1806 he built a two-story dwelling (the first permanent house in the community), barn and horsesheds in Fair Haven.  Recognizing commercial potential, Hotchkiss and his business partner James Barnes purchased land from Nathaniel Granniss in 1811 at both sides of the planned Dragon Bridge.  Hotchkiss and Barnes constructed wharves, a mercantile store, a tavern, and hotel.  He continued buying land in the area up to his death in February 1836.

Hotchkiss was buried at Fair Haven Union Cemetery.

References

1765 births
1836 deaths
History of New Haven, Connecticut
Burials in Connecticut
Settlers of Connecticut
American city founders
People from East Haven, Connecticut
Keith Moore

Keith Moore (born 12 October 1960) is the author and co-author of several IETF RFCs related to the MIME and SMTP protocols for electronic mail, among others:
, defining a mechanism to allow SMTP clients and servers to avoid transferring messages so large that they will be rejected;
, defining a (rarely implemented) means to allow MIME messages to contain attachments whose actual contents are referenced by a URL;
 amended by , defining a mechanism to allow non-ASCII characters to be encoded in text portions of a message header (but not in email addresses);
 obsoleting ,
 obsoleting ,
 obsoleting , which together define a standard mechanism for reporting of delivery failures or successes in Internet email,
, standards for processes that automatically respond to electronic mail; and
, recommending the use of TLS for email submission and access, and the deprecation of cleartext versions of the protocols used for those purposes.

He has also written or co-written RFCs on other topics, including
, Use of HTTP State Management (recommending constraints on the use of "cookies" to address privacy concerns);
, On the use of HTTP as a Substrate (discussing the use of HTTP as a layer underneath other protocols); and
, describing the 6to4 mechanism for tunneling IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network.

He was born in Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.  He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Tennessee Technological University in 1985, and a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Tennessee in 1996.

From 1996 to 1999 he served as a member of the Internet Engineering Steering Group as one of two co-directors for the Applications Area.

References

External links
Network Heresies

Living people
1960 births
American computer specialists
People from Nashville, Tennessee
FIFA Club of the Century

FIFA Club of the Century was an award presented by FIFA to decide the best football club of the 20th century. Real Madrid was the winner of the award with 42.35% of the vote, announced at the annual FIFA World gala, held in Rome on 11 December 2000. Madrid was the most successful club in international football at the time, having amassed eight European Cups and two Intercontinental Cups.

During the ceremony, Alfredo Di Stéfano and Florentino Pérez collected the trophy which was presented to Real Madrid. For the 2006–07 season a crest was added to Real Madrid's shirts, commemorating their status as FIFA Club of the Century.

Results
The voting system used for the award, was restricted to subscribers of the bi-monthly FIFA World Magazine (FIFA's official magazine).

References

Clubs of the 20th Century
History of association football
Awards established in 2000
Tour Ariane

Tour Ariane (English: Ariane Tower); previously known as tour Générale between 1973 and 1995, is an office skyscraper located in La Défense, the high-rise business district situated west of Paris, France.

Built in 1975, it belongs to the 2nd generation of skyscrapers in La Défense. The tower is 152 m (499 ft) tall and has 36 floors. In spite of a very conventional design, the tower offers an interesting and original cladding. The entrance of the tower was modified in the 1990s. The tower has been undergoing major refurbishment in 2009.

The tower is owned by GIC Private Limited, which acquired the tower from Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield for approximately €465 million in October 2018.

On 27 March 2014,  French rock and urban climber Alain Robert, a.k.a. "the French Spider-Man", climbed the famous tower in 45 minutes. Onlookers and police gathered to watch his climb. He was arrested by police and later released without being charged.

See also 
 La Défense
 List of tallest structures in Paris
 Skyscraper

References

Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
Office buildings completed in 1975
Mike Murray (ice hockey)

Mike Murray (born August 29, 1966) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. Murray, a high-scoring center during his pro career, played five seasons (1989-1991,1992-95) for the Knoxville Cherokees of the East Coast Hockey League and finished up his player career with the Knoxville Speed (1999-2001) of the United Hockey League and a brief stint with the Ice Bears of the Southern Professional Hockey League in (2002-03). Prior to his career proper, he also played in one NHL game for the Philadelphia Flyers during the 1987–88 NHL season. He is now the president, general manager, and co-owner of the Knoxville Ice Bears of the Southern Professional Hockey League.

Murray was born in Kingston, Ontario.

See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL

External links

Flyers History Profile

1966 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cornwall Aces players
Dayton Bombers players
Guelph Platers players
Hershey Bears players
Indianapolis Ice players
Kansas City Blades players
Knoxville Cherokees players
Knoxville Ice Bears (ACHL) players
Knoxville Speed players
Living people
London Knights players
New York Islanders draft picks
Philadelphia Flyers players
Saint John Flames players
Ice hockey people from Kingston, Ontario
Les Angles

Les Angles is the name of several communes of France:

 Les Angles, Gard
 Les Angles, Hautes-Pyrénées
 Les Angles, Pyrénées-Orientales
Sriram Singh

Honorary Captain Sriram Singh Shekhawat (born 14 November 1948) is a former Indian middle-distance runner.

Sriram Singh joined Rajputana Rifles in 1968 where he came under the influence of the coach Ilyas Babar. Babar persuaded him to shift his focus from 400 meters to 800 meters.

In the 1970 Asian Games in Bangkok, he was beaten to the second place in the 800 meters by Jimmy Crampton of Burma. Singh was eliminated in the heats of the Munich Olympics in 1972 but his time of 1:47.7 bettered Crampton's Asian record. Prior to the competition he had never run on synthetic tracks. He improved his time to 1:47.6 to win the gold in the 1974 Asian Games.

The high point of Sriram Singh's career was the 800m race in 1976 Montreal Olympics. The qualifying round, the semifinal and the final were run on successive days. In the first race, he broke his own Asian record with a time of 1:45.86 In the semifinal, he came fourth in a time of 1:46.42

In the final, Singh made a huge rush from the break at 300 meters to take lead at the bell with a time of 50.85 ahead of Cuban Alberto Juantorena's 50.90. Juantorena caught up with him around the 550m mark and won in a world record time of 1:43.50. Singh faded away in the home straight to finish seventh with a time of 1:45.77. Juantorena later attributed his world record to Sriram's front running.

Sriram Singh's time stood as the Asian record until it was broken by Lee Jin-il in 1994 and as a national record for 42 years until it was broken by Jinson Johnson in June 2018.

In the year 1973, he was awarded the prestigious Arjuna Award, as recognition to his extraordinary achievements in Athletics.

In the year 1974, he was awarded the prestigious civil award of Padma Shri as recognition to his contribution to the field of sport.

He retained his 800 m gold medal in the 1978 Asian Games (1:48.80), but was eliminated in the heats of the same event in the Moscow Olympics.
He also won 800m Silver medal in 1973 Asian Athletics Championships and 3 Gold medals for 400 m, 800 m and 4×400 m relay in 1975 Asian Athletics Championships.

Post retirement he has taken up the job of mentoring talented youth in the sport and garners a lot of respect to this day

International competitions

References

 K. Arumugam and Gulu Ezekiel, Great Indian Olympians

External links
 

Sports personalities_ Sri Ram Singh Shekawat

1950 births
Living people
Athletes from Rajasthan
Indian male middle-distance runners
Olympic athletes for India
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for India
Asian Games silver medalists for India
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Asian Athletics Championships winners