alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Derek Newark

Derek John Newark (8 June 1933 – 11 August 1998) was an English actor in television, film and theatre.

Career
Newark began his working life as a soldier in the Coldstream Guards before joining the Royal Artillery. However, he wanted to become an actor, and left the Army to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Newark appeared in a large number of film and television roles, including The Baron (1967), The Avengers (three episodes in the 1960s), Z-Cars (six episodes between 1969 and 1972), Barlow in the regular role of Det. Insp. Tucker (1974–1975) and various other minor roles. He appeared in episodes two to four of the first Doctor Who story An Unearthly Child in 1963. Later he appeared opposite Jon Pertwee in the 1970 story Inferno. Newark also played the role of Spooner, an ill-tempered former Red Devil turned professional wrestler in the series Rising Damp.

In the 1970s, Newark became more involved in the theatre, spending nearly a decade at the Royal National Theatre. While there he was part of the company that opened its current South Bank home and was a cornerstone of the residential company that worked in the smaller Cottesloe Theatre under Bill Bryden's direction. His most important roles there were Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream and the world premiere of David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross where he played Shelley Levene (a role later played on screen by Jack Lemmon). At the National he also appeared as Malcolm in Alan Ayckbourn's Bedroom Farce, which transferred to the West End and then Broadway. He also created the role of Roote in Harold Pinter's play The Hothouse which premiered in 1980 in a production directed by the playwright. 

Amongst later work on television, he starred in the second series of Juliet Bravo as Councillor Jack Winterbottom. In 1982, Newark played Martin Bormann in the TV series Inside the Third Reich. He appeared as W. C. Fields with Caroline Quentin in the 1983 Channel 4 play Hollywood Hits Chiswick 

In the cinema Newark appeared as Jessard, Sgt. Johnson's (Sean Connery) sidekick in the police drama The Offence (Sidney Lumet 1972).

Death
Newark died of a heart attack, brought on by liver failure after years of alcoholism, on 11 August 1998 in West London.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre work
 Bedroom Farce (1977)
 The Hothouse (1980)
 A Midsummer Night's Dream (1982)
 The Mayor of Zalamea (1982)
 Glengarry Glen Ross (1983)
 Golden Boy (1984)

References

External links

Derek Newark at Theatricalia

1933 births
1998 deaths
English male television actors
English male film actors
Actors from Great Yarmouth
20th-century English male actors
Alcohol-related deaths in England
Alumni of RADA
Craig Savill

Craig Edward Savill (born October 25, 1978) is a Canadian curler, originally from Manotick, Ontario, Canada. He currently plays third on Team Adam Casey. He also coaches the Czech men's national team.

Career
Savill's father was stationed at CFB Lahr in Germany, and Savill was born there. However, Savill grew up and still lives in Ottawa. He curls out of the Ottawa Curling Club in club play. 
Before playing with Howard, Savill won two Canadian Junior Curling Championships and two World Junior Curling Championships (1998, 1999) as John Morris's third. In 2001 he moved to the position of second, still with John Morris. The team went to the 2002 Nokia Brier, and lost in the final to Alberta, skipped by Randy Ferbey. A couple of years later, Morris moved to Alberta and Savill joined Howard's team. With Howard, Savill, second Brent Laing and third Richard Hart lost in the 2006 Tim Hortons Brier to Quebec skipped by fellow Ottawa Curling Club member Jean-Michel Ménard. The following year, at the 2007 Tim Hortons Brier they would finally be victorious defeating 2006 Olympic Gold Medalist Brad Gushue in the Brier final. They then went on to win the 2007 Ford World Men's Curling Championship, defeating Germany in the final.

Personal life
Savill is a financial advisor with Sun Life financial. He is married to Karen Cumberland and has two children. He was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in late 2015, and as a result, he was forced to take a hiatus from curling. As a special tribute, Savill was allowed to throw two rocks in a game for former teammate Glenn Howard's Ontario rink at the 2016 Tim Hortons Brier in his hometown of Ottawa. He would make both shots perfectly.

He currently lives in Kensington, Prince Edward Island.

Teams

Notes

References

External links
 

1978 births
Living people
Curlers from Ottawa
World curling champions
Brier champions
Canadian male curlers
Canadian curling coaches
Canada Cup (curling) participants
Curlers from Prince Edward Island
People from Prince County, Prince Edward Island
21st-century Canadian people
Girya

Girya may refer to:
 Kettlebell
Olga Girya (born 1991), Russian chess player
 Girya, Iran, a village in Hamadan Province, Iran
Lambach Abbey

Lambach Abbey () is a Benedictine monastery in Lambach in the Wels-Land district of Upper Austria, Austria.

History
A monastery was founded in Lambach in about 1040 by Count Arnold II of Lambach-Wels. His son, Bishop Adalbero of Würzburg (later canonised), changed the monastery into a Benedictine abbey in 1056, which it has been since. During the 17th and 18th centuries a great deal of work in the Baroque style was carried out, much of it by the Carlone family. Lambach escaped the dissolution of the monasteries of Emperor Joseph II in the 1780s. 

In 1897/98, Adolf Hitler lived in the town of Lambach with his parents and attended the monastery school, where he saw the hakenkreuz used in decorative carving on the stone and woodwork of the building. He later used it as a symbol for the Nazi Party, placing it in a white circle with a red background for use as a flag.

Cultural features

Between Easter Sunday and 31. of October guided tours are offered every day at 14:00. The tour includes entrance to the Romanesque frescoes, the Baroque theatre, the library and the Baroque church.

The abbey has preserved  much of cultural interest. It contains the oldest extant Romanesque frescoes in Southern Germany and Austria, and the former abbey tavern, now a pharmacy, with a beautiful Baroque façade. The abbey's Baroque theatre has also been restored to working order and the summer refectory from the early 18th century by Carlo Antonio Carlone has been converted into a concert hall. The ambulatory by Diego Carlone from the same period is of great magnificence. An unexpected feature is the set of Baroque dwarves in the monastery garden (see also Gleink Abbey).

The abbey church was also refurbished in the Baroque style, with an organ by Christoph Egedacher and contains the tomb of Saint Adelbero. The abbey also possesses the medieval St. Adelbero's Chalice, although it is rarely on view to the public, besides a large collection of sacred art. The library was constructed about 1691 and contains approximately 50,000 volumes as well as archive material.

Since 1625 the abbey has belonged to the Austrian Congregation, which now forms part of the Benedictine Confederation.

Notes

External links 
 Lambach Abbey website 

Benedictine monasteries in Austria
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
Monasteries in Upper Austria
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1056
Full stop law

The Full stop law, Ley de Punto Final, was passed by the National Congress of Argentina in 1986, three years after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976 to 1983) and restoration of democracy. Formally, this law is referred to by number (Law No. 23492), like all others in Argentine legislation, but Ley de Punto Final is the designation in common use, even in official speeches.

History
It was passed after the government in 1985 had prosecuted men at the top of the military hierarchies in the Trial of the Juntas for crimes committed during the Dirty War against political dissidents. Several officers were convicted and sentenced; the government's security and military forces had "disappeared" and killed an estimated 15,000-30,000 people.

The law mandated the end of investigation and prosecution of people accused of political violence during the dictatorship and up to the restoration of democratic rule on 10 December 1983. It was passed on 24 December 1986, after only a 3-week debate. Its text is very short; it has seven articles.  Article No. 5 excepts from the application of the law the cases of identity forgery and forced disappearance of minors.

The Ley de Punto Final was extremely controversial in its time and afterward. Under pressure from the military, the law was proposed by the Radical administration of President Raúl Alfonsín as a means to stop prosecution of additional suspects among military and security officers after General Jorge Videla, Admiral Emilio Massera, General Roberto Viola,  Admiral Armando Lambruschini, and General Orlando Agosti had been prosecuted. Alfonsín was initially opposed to this law, but under threat of a coup d'état, he accepted the legislation. In the Chamber of Deputies, 114 deputies voted for the law, 17 against, and two abstained; in the Senate, 25 senators voted for, and 10 against.

This law had a complement in the Law of Due Obedience, passed in 1987, which exempted subordinates from prosecution when they were carrying out orders. Both laws were repealed by the National Congress in 2003. The Supreme Court of Justice ruled both laws were unconstitutional on 14 June 2005. 

The government re-opened prosecution of cases for crimes against humanity. The first of such cases, against the former Buenos Aires Provincial Police second-in-command Miguel Etchecolatz, ended in September 2006 with his conviction on several counts of kidnapping, torture and murder. In sentencing him to life imprisonment, the tribunal said that the dictatorship's state terrorism against political dissidents was a form of genocide. It was the first time in the Argentine trials that genocide had been applied to the assaults against the class of political dissidents.

See also
Amnesty law
Trial of the Juntas
Law of Due Obedience
Carapintadas
Impunity laws (Argentina)

References

Presidency of Raúl Alfonsín
Repealed Argentine legislation
Dirty War
1986 in Argentina
1986 in law
Cullen Gardens and Miniature Village

Cullen Gardens & Miniature Village was a popular tourist attraction in Whitby, Ontario, Canada. Officially opened in May 1980 by founder Len Cullen and his wife, Connie, the Gardens were a major tourist attraction in Whitby for 25 years.

Features and attractions 

Cullen Gardens combined the natural beauty of floral displays and gardens, along with a unique southern Ontario-themed miniature village.  The miniature village included many houses and trains that would travel around and between the houses. Other features included radio-controlled miniature boats. It was an entertaining attraction for both children and adults.  In 1983, the Miniature Village served as the filming location for an episode of the Canadian television series The Littlest Hobo, entitled "Small Pleasures" (season 4, episode 16).

During the Winter holiday season, Cullen Gardens was host to the Festival of Lights, which featured huge displays of Christmas lights throughout the grounds, often decorating large topiaries.

Closure and redevelopment

On 1 January 2006, Cullen Gardens and Miniature Village closed. The land, however, has since been purchased by the Town of Whitby, to remain in the public domain as a municipal park. There has been speculation that the property may link up with the Heber Down conservation area. At the time of its closure, the park was co-owned by Sue Cullen-Green and Bryan Green.

The miniature Village no longer exists at the site and the model buildings were sold to the nearby City of Oshawa for $234,000. Oshawa later put them up for sale again rather than opening an attraction of its own, citing budgetary austerity. The golf course formerly attached to Cullen Gardens has ceased to operate

The miniature buildings were purchased by the Niagara Parks Commission in 2012. Many of the miniature buildings are now on display at the NPC's Botanical Gardens in Niagara Falls, Ontario.

In November 2011, the Town entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Auberge et Spa Le Nordik Inc. of Chelsea, Quebec. Le Nordik bought the main building and 3 hectares of land. They intend to use the main building and outdoor area to build a year-round heat therapy spa with two restaurants, a retail boutique and a small conference area. The remaining land was designated as open space and parkland, known as Cullen Central Park. The deal closed in 2013 and the spa was supposed to open in 2015.

On October 6, 2022, Thermëa spa opened on the site, after multiple delays.

See also 
Little Canada

References

Further reading 
 Another paradise lost
 Oshawa will sell miniature village October 17, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2008

External links
Official website (defunct, link via Internet Archive)

2006 disestablishments in Ontario
Miniature parks
Parks in Ontario
Gardens in Canada
Buildings and structures in Whitby, Ontario
Creil station

Creil is the railway station serving the northern French city of Creil. It is an important railway junction, situated on the Paris–Lille railway, the Creil–Jeumont railway and the branch lines to Beauvais and Pontoise.

The station is served by omnibus trains to Paris as well as regional services to and from Amiens, Compiègne and further. As well as Intercités trains, Creil is well served by TER trains, RER D and is part of the TER Hauts-de-France network.

References

External links 

 

Railway stations in France opened in 1846
Railway stations in Oise
Giorgi Kartvelishvili

Giorgi Kartvelishvili () (1827–1901) was a Georgian public figure, philanthropist, publisher and businessman. 

Kartvelishvili owned a fishing and timber manufacturing enterprises in Georgia's Shida Kartli province and ran a sizable trading business. He built the railway from the Georgian village Ateni to the town of Gori to transport timber, part of which was used to supply the construction of the South Caucasus railway.

Being one of the most successful businessmen in Georgia at time, Kartvelishvili was best known for its philanthropic activities, mostly related to Georgian history and literature.  Kartvelishvili financed the publication of the second edition of the prominent epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin by Shota Rustaveli (published in 1888).  Earlier, in 1885, he published The History of Georgia written by Vakhushti Bagrationi.

During 1883–1885, Kartvelishvili was a publisher of an eminent Georgian newspaper Droeba.

1827 births
1901 deaths
Businesspeople from Georgia (country)
LTT

LTT is an initialism for the following:

Libya Telecom & Technology
Light the Torch, an American Rock Band formerly as Devil You Know
Linux Trace Toolkit, for tracing computer program execution
Lithuanian talonas, ISO 4217 code
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus, a railway terminus in Mumbai, India
Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue, a catalog of proper motions for stars
Linus Tech Tips, a Canadian tech-related YouTube channel
Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America

Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America, also known as Kurdish Library and Museum, was a cultural organization based in Brooklyn, New York. It collected items related to Kurdish culture, literature and history. Its library contained around 3,000 volumes on Kurdish-related subjects. 

The museum was focused on Kurdish art and handicrafts. This organization was founded by Vera Beaudin Saeedpour in 1981. She was the widow of Homayoun Saeedpour, a Kurd from Sanandaj, Iran. The Library was established in 1986, and the Museum was opened in 1988.

The library published two scholarly research journals: International Journal of Kurdish Studies and Kurdish Life.

After Vera Beaudin Saeedpour died in 2010, the contents of the museum were donated to Binghamton University.

References

Further reading

External links 
 Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America 

 
Museums in Brooklyn
Ethnic museums in New York City
Libraries in Brooklyn
Kurdish-American history
Kurdish organisations
Defunct museums in New York City
Middle Eastern-American culture in New York City
Museums established in 1988
1988 establishments in New York City
Museums disestablished in 2010
2010 disestablishments in New York (state)
Prospect Heights, Brooklyn
History of the Kurdish people
Ceroessa

In Greek mythology, Ceroessa (Ancient Greek: Κερόεσσα Keroessa means "the horned") was a heroine of the foundational myth of Byzantium. She was the daughter of Io and Zeus; elder sister of Epaphus; and mother of Byzas, founder of Byzantium, with her uncle, Poseidon.

Story
According to the historian Hesychius of Miletus, as Io, changed into a heifer and being chased by a gadfly on behalf of the jealous Hera, was passing through Thrace, she gave birth to a girl, Keroessa, on the banks of the Golden Horn, by the altar of the nymph Semystra. According to legend, Keroessa's birthplace is called Semystra (today Eyüp district), where the rivers Kydaros (today Alibeyköy Stream) and Barbyses (today Kağıthane Stream) flow into the sea at the end of Chrysokeras (Golden Horn or Haliç). Semystra takes its name from the Semystra Altar, where today Eyyub El Ensari's tomb is located, and its water is believed to have healing powers. Keroessa was reared by Semystra and grew up surpassing other local maidens in beauty. She had intercourse with Poseidon and in due course  gave birth to a son, whom she named Byzas. He became the founder of Byzantium (today Sarayburnu, where Topkapı Palace was built) and named the Golden Horn (Greek Χρυσόκερας) after his mother. Ceroessa also had another son named Strombos. Strombos fought with his brother and the Byzantines.

According to Nonnus, Keroessa's birthplace was the same as that of her brother Epaphus, i. e. Egypt.

References

External links
History of Istanbul and Keroessa by Prof. Dr. Erendiz Ozbayoglu (in English)
Turkish Numismatic Society Bulletin No: 33 (in Turkish; Keroessa and History of Istanbul explained, together with the Istanbul Mint)  
Foundation of Istanbul, Virtual Istanbul 
Loves of Zeus (in English)
History of Istanbul, Istanbul Life (in English)
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (in English)

Children of Zeus
Constantinople
Women of Poseidon
Marina Centre

Marina Central or Marina Centre (Chinese: 滨海中心; ) is a zone of reclaimed land within the Downtown Core in the southern part of Singapore. Together with the Marina South area, it encloses the sheltered Marina Bay.

Suntec City, Marina Square, Millenia Walk, Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay and South Beach Tower are located within Marina Central.

Hotels
 Marina Mandarin Singapore - managed by Meritus Hotels & Resorts
 Mandarin Oriental Singapore - formerly The Oriental Singapore
 The Pan Pacific Singapore
 Raffles Hotel Singapore
 Fairmont Singapore - formerly Raffles The Plaza, prior to that Westin Plaza
 Swissotel The Stamford - formerly Westin Stamford
 The Ritz-Carlton Millenia Singapore
 Conrad Centennial Singapore
 JW Marriott Hotel Singapore South Beach
 The Capitol Kempinski Hotel Singapore

Shopping malls
 Marina Square
 Suntec City Mall
 CityLink Mall
 Raffles City Shopping Centre

See also
 Millenia Singapore

References

 
Places in Singapore
Downtown Core (Singapore)
Shopping districts and streets in Singapore
Senate of Saint Lucia

The Senate of Saint Lucia is the upper house of the Parliament of Saint Lucia. It has 11 appointed members. All members are appointed by the Governor-General, of which 6 are appointed on the Prime Minister's advice, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 independent members which the Governor-General appoints using his or her own judgment.

History
The Senate was established when Saint Lucia became independent in 1979.

Membership
The Government Senators are:
 Pauline Antoine-Prospere
 Guibion Ferdinand
 Allison Jean
 Lisa Cassandra Jawahir
 Kaygianna Toussaint-Charley

The Opposition Senators are:
 Dominic Fedee
 Herod Stanislaus
 Angelina Phera Polius

Independent Senators are:
 Noorani Azeez
 Deale A. L. Lee

The president is Alvina Reynolds, appointed 24 November 2022.

See also
List of presidents of the Senate of Saint Lucia

References

Politics of Saint Lucia
Political organisations based in Saint Lucia
Government of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
1979 establishments in Saint Lucia
Parliament of Saint Lucia

The Parliament of Saint Lucia is the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Saint Lucia. It consists of the King, who is represented by the governor general), and the 2 parts of the legislature, the Senate and the House of Assembly. 

The House of Assembly, the lower chamber, has 17 elected members who each represent a constituency with terms lasting no more than 5 years. The Senate, the upper chamber, has 11 members who are appointed by the governor general based on their own judgement, as well based on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition.

Composition

Parliament consists of three different elements:

The monarch, represented by a viceroy, the Governor General
The Senate, the upper chamber
The House of Assembly, the lower chamber

Monarch

The sovereign's role in parliament is ceremonial, with neither the sovereign nor their viceroy (the governor general), participating in the legislative process. However, Royal Assent is still necessary for a bill to become law.

Senate 

The Senate is the upper house of parliament, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor general. Six members are appointed based on the advice of the prime minister, whilst three members are appointed based on the advice of the leader of the opposition. The other two members are appointed by the governor general based on his or her own judgement. To be appointed as a senator, one must be at least 21 years old.

House of Assembly

The House of Assembly is the lower house of parliament, with each member being elected via a plurality of voters in each of the country's  17 constituencies. Members of the House must be at least 21 years old. A parliamentary term lasts no more than 5 years, but Parliament may be dissolved at any time.

See also

Politics of Saint Lucia
List of national legislatures

References

External links
 

Politics of Saint Lucia
Political organisations based in Saint Lucia
Government of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
Carlton World

Carlton World was a British digital television channel, launched on 15 November 1998 and closed down on 1 February 2000. Its sister channels were Carlton Kids, Carlton Food Network, Carlton Select and Carlton Cinema. It was carried on ONdigital channel 34, and timeshared with Carlton Kids.

Programmes
Carlton World broadcast factual and some entertainment programming produced or commissioned by Carlton and its merged companies, including Central Independent Television and Westcountry Television, although it was not unusual for programmes from other ITV network companies to be featured on the channel. They would broadcast between 7pm (closedown of Carlton Kids) and 12am (transmitter shutdown)

History
It was carried on both analogue and digital cable prior to ONdigital's launch. The channel had limited coverage, reaching only 69% of the population via the lowest-powered terrestrial multiplex D, and newspapers and listings magazines were slow to feature the channel's programming. Carlton World, along with Carlton Kids, closed in 2000 due to poor viewership and financial difficulties and this was partly due to the limited uptake of the ONdigital platform where it was exclusively available, and where the channel was replaced with Discovery Kids and Discovery Wings. On Carlton's television platform, ONdigital, the capacity was replaced by Discovery Wings.
The remainder of the ONdigital-exclusive Carlton channels closed over the next few years. and Carlton Communications merged with Granada plc in 2004, forming ITV plc. Programming from Carlton World was absorbed into ITV plc's Digital Channels.

References

External links
Carlton World at TVARK

Carlton Television
Defunct television channels in the United Kingdom
Television channels and stations established in 1998
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2000
Senate of Palau

The Senate of Palau is the upper house of the Palau National Congress (Olbiil era Kelulau). The Senate has 13 members serving four-year terms in multi-seat constituencies. No political parties exist. The most recent election was held on 3 November 2020.

Membership
The Constitution does not indicate the number of a members of the Senate. Every 8 years, the National Congress appoints a reapportionment commission to draw up and recommend a district map allocating seats in accordance with the population. Therefore, the number of senators may change as frequently as every 8 years. Any voter can challenge a reapportionment before the Palau Supreme Court.

During the first legislature in 1981, there were 18 Senators, which was reduced to 14 in 1984. In 2000, the number dropped to 9, but in 2008, the number rose to 13, before dropping again to 11 in 2016.

Committees
The Senate of Palau has 12 standing committees. They are:

Presidents of the Senate

References

External links
The Senate homepage

Palau
Government of Palau
Palau National Congress
1980 establishments in Palau
House of Delegates of Palau

The House of Delegates of Palau is the lower house of the Palau National Congress (Olbiil era Kelulau), Palau's bicameral legislature. The Senate of Palau is the upper house. The House of Delegates has 16 members, each serving four-year terms in single-seat constituencies. Each state represents one constituency. No political parties exist. The last election was held on 3 November 2020.

Palau Legislature 1955-1980 
The High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established Palau legislature, Olbiil era Kelulau, in January 1955 by a charter. The legislature was composed of 28 members elected every four years. The presiding officer was initially called Bedul Olbiil. The members of the legislature were organized into Liberal and Progressive parties.

Speaker of the House of Delegates

References 

Palau
Government of Palau
Palau National Congress
1980 establishments in Palau
Marc Giacone

Marc Giacone is a composer, organist and improviser from Monaco.

Born in 1954 at Monaco, he studied pipe organ with the masters Émile Bourdon, Canon Henri Carol, and Jean Wallet, musical improvisation with Pierre Cochereau and musical composition (harmony, counterpoint, orchestration).

Composer, electroacoustic researcher, virtuoso improviser, he belongs to the new generation of contemporary musicians for which all the forms of musical expression can find their place in masterpiece and even combine (jazz, fusion, folklore, atonality, dodecaphony, sound effects, etc.).

He composes many pieces for organ, harp, piano, flute, trombone, vibraphone, orchestra, synthesizer, cinema, television, radio, etc. He currently teaches articulation, traditional organ, improvisation and musical theory.

On 2 July 2005, Giacone was named titular of the Cavaillé-Coll organ of the Carmes' Chapel of Monaco. He got a trial, because he had made a satire about Prince Albert.

Giacone, the owner of a new satirical website, featuring cartoons allegedly defaming and ridiculing the Prince Albert II and other local politicians risks a 6-month prison sentence and a fine of €1500. The website, Monaco Politic Circus, which was meant to imitate the famous French satirical political weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo, has been suspended.

Discography - Organ works
Symphonie Cosmique (Vol.1 - KRM0001)
Ombres & Lumières
Tsunami
Prospective 2005
Music of Today (Calcante - CAL CD045)

References 

20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Monegasque classical organists
Organ improvisers
Monegasque electronic musicians
1954 births
Living people
Monegasque composers
Male composers
Male classical composers
Male classical organists
20th-century organists
21st-century organists
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
Lièvre River

The Lièvre River (; ) is a river in western Quebec which flows south from the Mitchinamécus reservoir and empties into the Ottawa River at Masson-Angers. The river is  long and drains an area of . The river's name is an adaptation of its former French name Riviere aux Lièvres, "River of the Hares".

The 1908 landslide at Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette and the earlier 1903 clay landslide at Leda both occurred on this river.

At one time, the river was used to transport logs downstream to sawmills located near the river's mouth. In 1928, a paper mill was built near the mouth of the river. On December 18, 1998, this mill was bought from Industries James Maclaren Inc. by private investors and became Papier Masson Ltee. In turn, the White Birch Paper Company bought it in January 2006.

There are a number of hydroelectric plants on the river, as well as large and viable deposits of Uranium ore in the district.

The river is the subject of Archibald Lampman's poem "Morning on the Lièvre". The award-winning short film Morning on the Lièvre paired a narration of Lampman's poem with footage of two men canoeing on the river.

Tributaries
Mitchinamécus River
Kiamika River

Communities
Mont-Laurier
Notre-Dame-de-Pontmain
Notre-Dame-du-Laus
Val-des-Bois
Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette
Glen Almond (municipality L'Ange-Gardien)
Buckingham now part of Gatineau

References

Rivers of Laurentides
Rivers of Outaouais
Landforms of Gatineau
Mont-Laurier
2006 Colima state election

A local election was scheduled to be held in the Mexican state of Colima on Sunday, July 2, 2006. Voters will go to the polls to elect, on the local level:

10 municipal presidents (mayors) to serve for a three-year term.
25 local deputies (16 by the first-past-the-post system and 9 by proportional representation to serve for a three-year term in the Congress of Colima.

External links
Electoral Institute of Colima website

Colima
Election
Fort Rouge (fortification)

Fort Rouge was a fort located on the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada, on the site of what is now the city of Winnipeg. Its exact location is unknown. Its name in English means "red fort".

In 1738 Sieur Louis Damours de Louvières built Fort Rouge on the Assiniboine River for Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye. La Vérendrye and his sons, Louis-Joseph and Francois, proceeded further west on the Assiniboine and constructed Fort La Reine. The fort seems to have had a primary purpose as a depot and was abandoned by 1749.

A new commandant of the French western forts, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, spent the winter of 1752–1753 at the Forks, and likely rebuilt Fort Rouge at its original location. Much research points to this site being on the north bank of the Assiniboine near the forks although some scholars place the original fort on the south bank.

Trading posts were built near Fort Rouge by Bruce and Boyer in 1780 and by Alexander Henry the younger in 1803, as was Fort Gibraltar in 1807.

The district of Fort Rouge in south-central Winnipeg is named for the fort.

A site near Winnipeg's Union Station, believed to be the location of Fort Rouge, was designated a National Historic Site in 1924 as part of the "Forts Rouge, Garry, and Gibraltar National Historic Site of Canada".

See also

 Council of Keewatin
 Fort Garry
 History of Winnipeg
 Temporary North-West Council

Notes

References 
 
 

French forts in Canada
Forts in Manitoba
Fort Rouge, Winnipeg
Royal New Zealand Police College

The Royal New Zealand Police College (RNZPC) is the central training institution for police recruits and police officers in New Zealand. It is located at Papakowhai, approximately 2 km north of Porirua City.

Recruits at the college undergo a rigorous 16 week training course. There are around six intakes (called "wings") of recruits admitted each year. Wings consist of 40, 60 or 80 recruits. Trainees are taught a variety of skills relating to police vehicle use, firearms use, forensic techniques, negotiation and cultural awareness. Successful graduates become probationary constables for a period of two years.

As well as ongoing officer training, the RNZPC hosts other non-police related courses, conferences and events. The college is also home to the New Zealand Police Museum, and the Police Information & Communications Technology Service Centre (where information technology for the whole of Police is managed).

The Memorial Building has a wall covered with plaques dedicated to New Zealand Police Officers killed on duty.

The college was opened by Prince Charles on April 1, 1981. Prior to this, the police force's training facility was based at Trentham Military Camp.

See also

New Zealand Police

External links

NZ Police website Recruitment information

New Zealand Police
Buildings and structures in Porirua
Vocational education in New Zealand
Education in the Wellington Region
Organisations based in New Zealand with royal patronage
Police academies
Law of Due Obedience

The Law of Due Obedience () was a law passed by the National Congress of Argentina after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (which started with a coup d'état in 1976 and ended in 1983). Formally, this law is referred to by number (Law No. 23,521), like all others in Argentine legislation, but Ley de Obediencia Debida is the only designation in common use, even in official speeches.

The law was passed on 4 June 1987. It dictates that it must be assumed, without admitting proof to the contrary, that all officers and their subordinates including common personnel of the Armed Forces, the Police, the Penitentiary Service and other security agencies cannot be legally punished for crimes committed during the dictatorship as they were acting out of due obedience, that is, obeying orders from their superiors (in this case, the heads of the military government, who had already been tried in the Trial of the Juntas).

This law was passed one year after the full stop law in order to contain the discontent of the Armed Forces. It effectively exempted military personnel under the rank of colonel from responsibility for their crimes, which included forced disappearances, illegal detentions, torture and murders. Its text is rather short, with only 7 articles, the second of which contains an exception (the law does not apply to cases of rape, disappearance or identity forgery of minors, or extensive appropriation of real estate).

The Ley de Obediencia Debida and the Ley de Punto Final were repealed by the National Congress in August 2003, which allowed for the re-opening of cases that involved crimes against humanity. The first of such cases, which involved the former Buenos Aires Provincial Police second-in-command Miguel Etchecolatz, ended in September 2006 and laid down jurisprudence by acknowledging that the dictatorship's state terrorism was a form of genocide.

See also
Amnesty law
Carapintadas
Nuremberg Defense
Impunity laws (Argentina)

References

Presidency of Raúl Alfonsín
Repealed Argentine legislation
Dirty War
1987 in Argentina
1987 in law
Senate (Rwanda)

The upper house of the Parliament of Rwanda (; ) is the Senate (Sena/Sénat). The Senate has 26 members elected or appointed for eight-year terms: 12 elected by provincial councils, eight appointed by the President of the Republic to ensure the representation of historically marginalized communities, four by the National Consultative Forum of Political Organizations, and two elected by the staff of the universities (one public, one private). Additionally, former presidents can request to become a member of the Senate.

The Senate was established in 2003.

Presidents

See also
 First legislature of the Rwandan Senate, 2003-2011
 Second legislature of the Rwandan Senate, 2011-2019
 Third legislature of the Rwandan Senate, 2019-2027

Sources

External links
 Official website Our Senate

Parliament of Rwanda
Government of Rwanda
Rwanda
2003 establishments in Rwanda
FOUP

FOUP (an acronym for Front Opening Unified Pod or Front Opening Universal Pod) is a specialized plastic carrier designed to hold silicon wafers securely and safely in a controlled environment, and to allow the wafers to be transferred between machines for processing or measurement.

FOUPs began to appear along with the first 300mm wafer processing tools in the mid 1990s. The size of the wafers and their comparative lack of rigidity meant that SMIF pods were not a viable form factor.  FOUP standards were developed by SEMI and SEMI members to ensure that FOUPs and all equipment that interacts with FOUPs work together seamlessly.  Transitioning from a SMIF pod to a FOUP design, the removable cassette used to hold wafers was replaced by fixed wafer columns.  The door was relocated from a bottom orientation to a front orientation, where automated handling equipment can access the wafers.  Pitch for a 300 mm FOUP is 10 mm, while 13 slot FOUPs can have a pitch up to 20 mm.  The weight of a fully loaded 25 wafer FOUP is between 7 and 9 kilograms which means that automated material handling systems are essential for all but the smallest of fabrication plants.  To allow this, each FOUP has coupling plates and interface holes to allow the FOUP to be positioned on a load port, and to be picked up and transferred by the AMHS (Automated Material Handling System) to other process tools or to storage locations such as a stocker or undertrack storage.  FOUPs may use RF tags that allow them to be identified by RF readers on tools or AMHS.  FOUPs are available in several colors, depending on the customer's wish.

FOUPs have begun to have the capability to have a purge gas applied by process, measurement and storage tools in an effort to increase device yield.

FOSB

FOSB is an acronym for Front Opening Shipping Box. FOSBs are used for transporting wafers between manufacturing facilities.

Manufacturers
 3S Korea
 CKplas
 Danichi Shoji
 Entegris
 E-SUN System Technology
 Gudeng Precision
 Mirail
 Shin-Etsu Polymer

See also
SMIF

References

Semiconductor fabrication equipment
Semiconductor device fabrication
1842 in art

Events from the year 1842 in art.

Events
 David Roberts begins publication of Sketches in the Holy Land (chromolithographs).
 Richard Dadd becomes mentally ill during a tour of the Middle East and is thought to be suffering from sunstroke.
 Construction work resumes on Cologne Cathedral, after a gap of nearly three centuries.
 George Hayter granted a knighthood.
 William Fox Talbot receives the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society.
 George R. Lewis records the famous carvings at Kilpeck church, Herefordshire.
 Dordrechts Museum established in the Netherlands.
 Grand sale of contents of Strawberry Hill House near London.

Works

 Thomas Brigstocke – Alnaschar, the Barber's fifth Brother
 Ford Madox Brown – Manfred on the Jungfrau
 Théodore Chassériau – The Descent from the Cross
 Thomas Cole – The Voyage of Life (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.)
 Gustave Courbet – Self-Portrait with a Black Dog
 Richard Dadd – Come unto these Yellow Sands
 Johan Christian Dahl
Frogner Manor
View from Stalheim
 William Powell Frith – Dolly Varden
 Benjamin Haydon – Wordsworth on Helvellyn
George Hayter – The Marriage of Queen Victoria
 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 
Luigi Cherubini and the Muse of Lyric Poetry
Odalisque with Slave
 Daniel Maclise – The Play-scene in Hamlet
 Thomas Phillips – Michael Faraday
 J. M. W. Turner
 Peace – Burial at Sea
 Snowstorm – steam boat off a harbour's mouth making signals in shallow water, and going by the lead
 War. The Exile and the Rock Limpet
 Rigi series of watercolours
 Franz Xaver Winterhalter – Portrait of Prince Albert

Births
 June 12 – Harry Hems, English architectural and ecclesiastical sculptor (died 1916)
 October 18 – Sydney Prior Hall, English portraitist and illustrator (died 1922)
 November 29 – William Blake Richmond, English painter and interior decorator (died 1921)
 December 16 – Otto Sinding, Norwegian painter (died 1909)
 December 18 – William Anderson, collector of Japanese art (died 1900)
 December 31 – Giovanni Boldini, Italian painter (died 1931)

Deaths
 March 16 - Archer James Oliver, British portrait painter (born 1774)
 March 30 – Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, painter (born 1755)
 May 12 – Walenty Wańkowicz, Belarusian-Polish painter (born 1799)
 May 26 – James Stuart, Irish-Australian painter (born 1802)
 July 7 – Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet, French historical painter (born 1759)
 July 28 – John Sell Cotman, English artist of the Norwich school especially watercolours (born 1782)
 August 28 – Peter Fendi, Austrian portrait and genre painter, engraver, and lithographer (born 1796)
 September 11 – Charles Codman, landscape painter of Portland, Maine (born 1800)
 November 17 – John Varley, English watercolour painter and astrologer (born 1778)
 date unknown
 Giovanni Balestra, Italian engraver (born 1774)
 George Barret, Jr., English landscape painter (born 1767)
 Paolo Caronni, Italian engraver (born 1779)
 Gilles-François Closson, Belgian landscape painter (born 1796)

References

 
Years of the 19th century in art
1840s in art
Marietta High School (Ohio)

Marietta High School (MHS) is a four-year, public, secondary school in Marietta, Ohio, United States. The school serves students in the Marietta City School District in grades nine through twelve. As of 2021–2021, the enrollment was approximately 1,100. Marietta's mascot is Tabby the tiger and its colors are orange and black. The school participates in both the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference and Twin State League.

MHS is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Ohio Department of Education.

History
The current building first opened as a replacement for what is now Marietta Middle School. The auditorium/gymnasium and "vo-ag" buildings were part of the original construction. As enrollment increased, more parking lots were added as well.

The school converted from a seven-period day to an eight-period day during the 2010–2011 school year.

In 2013 a million dollar project took place that included closing in the breezeway between the auditorium/gymnasium building and the main school building. Also in this project, a new section to the school building was added so that all classes would be in the main school building, converting the Vo-Ag building into an administrative office.

The "Isaac Danford Memorial Weight Room" was founded in 2015

Extracurricular activities

MHS offers numerous clubs/groups, including a wide array of sports teams including men's basketball, soccer, football, tennis, track, cross country and swimming. Woman's athletics include soccer, volleyball, cheer, softball, swimming and basketball. Students also have the opportunity to participate in the making of the school yearbook "The Orian" and a school newspaper entitled The Original is a monthly publication printed by The Marietta Times, the city's local daily newspaper. There is also a student Web-Design team at the high school called "The Bridge". They also have the Marietta High School "Wall of Sound" Marching Band who competes at band competitions, and local parades and events. The school also has an a cappella singing group, "Vocal Point," that performs locally. The school also puts on a yearly musical, which is open to all students in the school district. Other clubs and groups include the Theatre Club, National Honor Society, Model United Nations, Key Club, Concert and Jazz Band, Indoor Percussion, Cantabile Choir, Apprentice Choir, Civil War club, Future Farmers of America, Math Club, Science Olympiad, Spanish Honor Society, Tri-M Music Honor Society, Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) Club, Student Council, and Environmental Awareness Club.

Notable alumni
 Andrew Cayton, noted historian and professor of early America
 Brian T. Moynihan, (Class of 1977) Chairman and CEO of Bank of America
 Andy Thompson, (class of 1981), Ohio state representative

References

External links

High schools in Washington County, Ohio
Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio
Public high schools in Ohio
Sea Zenith

Sea Zenith is a four-barrelled 25 mm CIWS used by the Turkish Navy on their MEKO 200 frigates, like the Barbaros and Yavuz classes. It was developed in the 1980s by Oerlikon Contraves (Rheinmetall Air Defence since 2009) around their Oerlikon KBB gun and manufactured in Switzerland. This automatic gun uses a 25x184mm cartridge (longer than the one used by the more common Oerlikon KBA gun) at a rate of 800 rounds a minute. Using four independent guns instead of one multi-barrelled rotary cannon improves reliability. The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by the Seaguard radar developed by Contraves. The turret is tilted back to allow a higher elevation to intercept diving missiles. The system's primary purpose is defence against anti-ship missiles, and other precision guided weapons. However it can also be employed against fixed/rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines.

Specifications:
 Caliber: 25 mm
 Barrels: 4 (independent)
 Rate of fire: 3,200 rpm
 Range: 2 km
 Weight: 3500 kg

Sea Zenith had a related development, the Sea Shield system. It was mounted above deck and did not have the high elevation capability of the Sea Zenith. Presented in 1989, it was abandoned in the early 1990s.

The Myriad system, developed by Breda and Contraves (among others) was a related weapon. It used two 25mm 7-barrelled KBD Gatling gun, also developed by Oerlikon. Compared to the Sea Zenith, the firing rate is higher (10,000 rounds a minute), but the effective range is limited to one kilometer.

See also
 Aselsan GOKDENIZ

References

 http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Naval-Weapon-Systems/Oerlikon-Contraves-GM25-Sea-Zenith-Switzerland.html
 The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998; Friedman, Norman
 Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World; Wertheim, Eric
 :de:Nahbereichsverteidigungssystem (in German)
 :it:Seaguard (in Italian)

Naval anti-aircraft guns
Autocannon
Close-in weapon systems
Turkish Navy weapon systems
25 mm artillery