alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Regional integration law

Regional Integration Law is a branch of jurisprudence which seeks to analyze the growing impact of regional bodies such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the national laws of the signatory states, especially in relation to public and private trade law. Another example is The East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental organization of 6 Partner States: the Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, the United Republic of Tanzania, and the Republic of Uganda, with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania. Similar legal progression can be observed in other regions such as Central Asia where local laws and policies are heavily influenced by regional organizations.
Regional Integration Law also refers to a generalized legal regime for a specific region.

Central Asia Tech Law 
Another distinct but relative filed of jurisprudence is "Central Asia Tech Law". Central Asia Tech Law or CAT Law is a Legal Term coined by Ammar Younas in 2019. 
The Central Asia Tech Law aims at reinforcing the legal principles and rule of law in the countries of Central Asia in accordance with applicable international standards of technology regulations and by correlating with existing laws without compromising the legal sovereignty of Central Asian Law.

The subject matter of “Central Asia Tech Law” includes Technology Law and related fields such as Internet Law, IT Law, Digital Law, LegalTech, FinTech in all five countries of the region – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.  

This branch of law strives to promote glocalized legal mechanism to treat technology as per the demands of the Central Asian region and in line with the international standardization.

References

External links
World Bank list of links
Jean Monnet Center database of 40,000 articles

International law
Supranational unions
Area code 915

Area code 915 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for the area around El Paso, Texas, U.S. It is one of the original North American area codes established in October 1947, when it was assigned to the north-western part of the state, north of Austin and west of Fort Worth, and stretched from the Oklahoma border to the Mexican border.

This once-vast numbering plan area (NPA) was reconfigured thrice, as follows:
In 1954, nearly the entire eastern portion (Lubbock and the South Plains) was combined with Fort Worth and the western portion of area code 214 in a flash cut as area code 817.
In 1957, most of the northwestern portion (the Texas Panhandle) was merged with the western portion of 817 to form area code 806.
In 2003, it was reduced I in a three-way split with the western portion retaining area code 915, the eastern portion (Abilene, San Angelo, etc.) becoming 325, and the central portion (the Permian Basin) becoming 432.

Counties served by area code 915 are Culberson, El Paso, and Hudspeth.  It is the only area code in Texas that is predominantly in the Mountain Time Zone.

Towns and cities served by area code 915 include Anthony, Canutillo, Clint, Dell City, El Paso, Fabens, Fort Hancock, Horizon City, Salt Flat, San Elizario, Sierra Blanca, Socorro, Tornillo, and Van Horn.

Ten-digit dialing
Prior to October 2021, area code 915 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.

See also
List of Texas area codes

References

External links

List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 915 Area Code

915
915
El Paso, Texas
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947
Sophophora

The paraphyletic subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939. It contains the best-known drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster. Sophophora translates as carrier (phora) of wisdom (sophos). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus Lordiphosa and the species Hirtodrosophila duncani are also placed within this subgenus.

Phylogeny

Currently, 10 species groups are recognized, in two main groups, the New World and the Old World

Old World:
 melanogaster species group (65 species, including D. melanogaster and D. simulans)
 montium species group (88)
 ananassae species group (24)
 obscura species group (44)
 dentissima species group (17)
 fima species group (23)
 dispar species group (2)
 settifemur species group (2)
New World:
 saltans species group (21)
 willistoni species group (23)
Unknown:
 populi species group (2)

References 

 Sophophora
Insect subgenera
Window period

In medicine, the window period for a test designed to detect a specific disease (particularly infectious disease) is the time between first infection and when the test can reliably detect that infection. In antibody-based testing, the window period is dependent on the time taken for seroconversion.

The window period is important to epidemiology and safe sex strategies, and in blood and organ donation, because during this time, an infected person or animal cannot be detected as infected but may still be able to infect others. For this reason, the most effective disease-prevention strategies combine testing with a waiting period longer than the test's window period.

Examples

HIV
The window period for HIV may be up to three months, depending on the test method and other factors. RNA based HIV tests has the lowest window period. Modern and accurate testing abilities can cut this period to 25 days, 16 days, or even as low as 12 days, again, depending on the type of test and the quality of its administration and interpretation.

Hepatitis B
Two periods may be referred to as window period in hepatitis B infection: 
(1) the period that elapses during HBsAg to HBsAb seroconversion, i.e. between the disappearance of surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum and the appearance of HBsAb (anti-HBs), and
(2) the period between infection and appearance of HBsAg.
During the window of HBsAg to HBsAb seroconversion, IgM anti-core (HBc-IgM) is the only detectable antibody. HBV DNA may be positive as well. This window period does not occur in persons who develop chronic hepatitis B, i.e. who continue to have detectable HBV DNA for greater than 6 months (HbsAg remains positive), or in people who develop isolated HBcAb positivity, i.e. who lose HBsAg, but do not develop HBsAb (HBV DNA may or may not remain positive).

See also
 Incubation period, the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms

References 

HIV/AIDS
Serology
Soler

Soler may refer to:

 Soler Township, Roseau County, Minnesota
 Soler (band), Hong Kong based rock band
 Soler (grape), French wine grape, also known as Peloursin

People with the surname Soler
 Alay Soler (born 1979), Cuban baseball player for the New York Mets
 Alexandra Soler (born 1983), French artistic gymnast
 Álvaro Soler (born 1991), Spanish singer-songwriter
 Amalia Domingo Soler (1835–1909), Spanish writer
 Andrés Soler (1898–1969), Mexican actor
 Angelino Soler (born 1939), Spanish professional road bicycle racer
 Antonio Soler (1729–1783), Spanish baroque/classical era composer usually known as Padre ('Father') Antonio Soler
 Carlos Soler (footballer) (born 1997), Spanish footballer
 Domingo Soler (1901–1961), Mexican actor
 Eva Alcón Soler (born 1963), Spanish university teacher
 Fernando Soler (1896–1979), Mexican film actor and film director
 Francesc Fàbregas Soler (born 1987), Spanish footballer
 Francisco Gabilondo Soler (1907–1990), also known as Cri-Cri, Mexican composer and performer of children songs
 Gérard Soler (born 1954), French-Moroccan footballer
 Giselle Soler, Argentinian artistic roller skater
 Jorge Soler (born 1992), Cuban baseball player
 Jorge Soler (gymnast), Argentine gymnast
 Juan Soler (born 1966), Argentine-Mexican actor
 Julián Soler (1907–1977), Mexican actor and film director
 Marc Soler (born 1993), Spanish cyclist
 Mariano Soler (1846–1908), Uruguayan cleric and theologian
 Mauricio Soler (born 1983), Colombian professional road bicycle racer
 Miguel Estanislao Soler (1783–1849), Argentine general
 Miquel Soler (born 1965), Spanish football player and coach
 Pastora Soler, stage name of Pilar Sánchez Luque (born 1978), Spanish singer
 Placido Soler Bordas (1903–1964), Spanish chess player
 Rebecca Soler, American voice actress
 Sílvia Soler
 Toti Soler, stage name of Jordi Soler i Galí (born 1949), Spanish guitarist, singer and composer
 Vicente Martín y Soler (1754–1806), Spanish composer of opera and ballet
 Yolanda Soler (born 1972), Spanish judoka

See also
Soler., taxonomic author abbreviation of Hans Solereder (1860–1920), German botanist
Solar (disambiguation)

Catalan-language surnames
Nathan Smith (physician, born 1762)

Nathan Smith (September 30, 1762 – January 26, 1829) was a well known physician and professor in colonial and post-Revolutionary New England. He was noted as a skilled surgeon, teacher, writer, and practitioner. A leader in pioneering medical education in the United States, Smith founded or co-founded Dartmouth Medical School, the University of Vermont College of Medicine, the Medical School of Maine, and the Yale School of Medicine.

Biography
Smith was born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts on September 30, 1762. When he was young, the family moved to a farm in Chester, Vermont, where Nathan attended public school. Nathan served in the Vermont militia, which fought indigenous people on the colony's frontier.

Smith decided to study medicine at age 24, after seeing an operation performed by Dr. Josiah Goodhue. Smith spent three years with Dr. Goodhue at Putney, Vermont, then opened his own practice at Cornish, New Hampshire. He later went to the Harvard College's medical department where he obtained his M.B. in 1790. Smith was the third graduate of Harvard's medical department. He was later awarded an MD by Harvard in 1811. In 1803 Smith matriculated at the University of Edinburgh where he attended medical classes for a year.

To address the new nation's need for expanded medical education, Smith founded the medical department at Dartmouth College. Initially the only member of the Dartmouth Medical School faculty, Smith taught anatomy, chemistry, surgery, and clinical medicine. He essentially served as dean and treasurer of the medical school, also. Smith emphasized experience rather than theory, and he largely eschewed bleeding and purging, favoring support of the body's own healing powers and attentiveness to the patient's comfort. Using these principles, he was a consultant on the child Joseph Smith, the future founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, saving his leg from amputation.

At Yale, Smith was the first professor of physic, surgery and obstetrics.

Death and legacy
Smith died January 26, 1829 at New Haven, Connecticut. Three of his sons became physicians, the most prominent being Nathan Ryno Smith.

A collection of notes taken on his medical lectures between 1814 and 1815 are held at the National Library of Medicine. The Nathan Smith Society at Dartmouth College serves students interested in the health professions.

See also

 Smith-Theobald Family

References

External links

History of Dartmouth Medical School
The History of Surgery In Vermont
History of Medicine at Yale
Library Listing of Nathan Smith's Memoirs

Harvard Medical School alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Physicians from New Hampshire
Geisel School of Medicine faculty
Bowdoin College faculty
University of Vermont faculty
1762 births
1829 deaths
Yale School of Medicine faculty
People from Rehoboth, Massachusetts
Dartmouth College faculty
Vapnet

Vapnet (the weapon or the coat of arms) is a Swedish indie pop band from Östersund, signed by record label Hybris. Lead singer is Martin Hanberg and songwriter is Martin Abrahamsson, who are also active in the indie pop band Sibiria. Their single "Kalla mig" was a big sleeper hit in Sweden in spring/summer 2005. Their album Jag vet hur man väntar was released April 19, 2006, featuring among other tracks a remix on "Kalla mig" by Swedish soul artist Kaah.  Their song "Håll Ihop," from the EP Något Dåligt Nytt Har Hänt, featured Jens Lekman.

Discography 
Ge Dom Våld (Give Them Violence) (CDR)
Ge Dom Våld (Give Them Violence) (EP)
Thoméegränd (EP) (CD) (Thomée-Alley) (2006)
Jag vet hur man väntar (I know how to wait) (CD) (2006)
Något dåligt nytt har hänt (Something bad new has happened) (EP) (2007)
Döda Fallet (The Dead Fall) (2008)

External links 
 Official Vapnet blog
 Record label Hybrism

Swedish musical groups
Joseph Ayo Babalola University

The Joseph Ayo Babalola University (JABU) is a private Nigerian university located in Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria, established in 2004 by the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) Worldwide. The university is named after the first spiritual leader of the Christ Apostolic Church, Joseph Ayo Babalola (1904–1959); it is located at the place where it is said that the Apostle was called  by God to slay the Ogobungo ogre in 1928. Joseph Ayo Babalola University is a fully residential institution. The university offers courses in the following colleges; Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Humanities, Law, Management Sciences, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Health Sciences. It was the first entrepreneurial university in Nigeria. The first Chancellor of the University was Oba Oladele Olashore (CON).

It offers housing for its students, and facilities including a library and college buildings.

References

External links

2004 establishments in Nigeria
Christian universities and colleges in Nigeria
Educational institutions established in 2004
Osun State
Volo

Volo can refer to:

Places
Volo, Illinois, a village in the United States
Volo Auto Museum
Volos, Greek city
Çatalada (Volo)

Music
Volo (duo), French duo made up of Frédéric and Olivier Volovitch 
Il Volo, Italian operatic pop trio
Volo, an album by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin

Others
Volo (Company), a British retail technology business.
, a merchant vessel launched in 1938 and sunk in 1941
Volo (barque), a merchant vessel built in the 1880s and wrecked in 1886
Volothamp Geddarm, a fictional historian and travel writer from the world of Forgotten Realms created by Ed Greenwood
Volo, a character from Pokémon Legends: Arceus.
bocce volo, a boules game, a variation on the game of bocce

See also 
 Valo (disambiguation)
 Vola (disambiguation)
NewCo

A NewCo or Newco is a term used to describe a corporate spin-off, startup, or subsidiary company before they are assigned a final name, or to proposed merged companies to distinguish the to-be-formed combined entity with an existing company involved in the merger which may have the same (or a similar) name. In a handful of cases the new company may retain the name "Newco".

The term can also be used to describe a company that was created to replace its predecessor, which ceased to exist for reasons such as financial issues: the creation of a NewCo to continue the existence of Rangers F.C. was a notable example.

Examples 
 IBM GTS - Managed Infrastructure Services → Kyndryl
 3M’s data storage business (spun off in 1996) → Imation (later renamed GlassBridge in 2017)
 Abbott Laboratories pharmaceutical division → AbbVie
 Atlas Copco Mining and Rock Excavation Technique business area → Epiroc
 AT&T computer hardware subsidiary → NCR
 Bayer chemicals operations → Lanxess
 BP petrochemicals group → Innovene
 Ford Motor Company vehicle components division → Visteon
 Hewlett-Packard instrumentation division → Agilent Technologies
 Karstadt Warenhaus AG merging with Quelle AG → Arcandor
 Northwest Airlines regional operations → Compass Airlines
 Merged entity of NBC Universal & Comcast programming assets→ NBCUniversal
 RAG Beteiligungs-AG (Degussa, Steag, Immobilien AG → Evonik Industries
 The Rangers Football Club plc (liquidated in 2012) → Sevco Scotland Ltd (later renamed The Rangers Football Club Ltd)
 Siemens semiconductor subsidiary → Infineon
 Barnes & Noble's Nook subsidiary → Nook Media

 DaimlerChrysler MTU Friedrichshafen division → Tognum (later acquired by Rolls-Royce plc and now the Rolls-Royce Power Systems subsidiary)
 Merged entity of T-Mobile USA and MetroPCS → corporate name of T-Mobile US; kept both T-Mobile and MetroPCS (later modified to Metro by T-Mobile) brands

See also 
 Advent corporation (placeholder)

References 

Business terms
Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur

Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur was the last Mir of Mirpur Khas who belonged to the Mankani house of the royal Talpur dynasty. The son of Mir Ali Murad Talpur, the founder of Mirpur Khas, he took up the throne in 1829 and held onto it until he was defeated in the Battle of Hyderabad in 1843.

After becoming ruler of the Talpur dynasty, his reign saw a conflict with the British East India Company, who launched an invasion of the province of Sindh under the auspices of General Charles James Napier, aiming to annex the entire region. On 24 March 1843, troops under his command fought against a Company force in the Battle of Hyderabad; the British emerged victorious, and captured the city of Hyderbad soon after. Talpur then retreated into the countryside, where forces loyal to him and equipped largely with muskets waged a guerrilla campaign against the British,  whose efforts to counter this led Napier to coin the word "counterinsurgency". He eventually died on 24 August 1874.

References

Bibliography

External links
" "Sher-i-Sindh" by Mir Atta Muhammad Talpur"
"Mir Sher Muhammad Khan Mankani" by Mir Muhammad Bukhsh Khan Talpur

Nawabs of Pakistan
Baloch people
People from Mirpur Khas District
1810 births
1874 deaths
Indian revolutionaries
Talpur dynasty
Baker Center

The Baker Center may refer to:

 Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, at the University of Tennessee
 John Calhoun Baker University Center, at Ohio University
Marymount International School of Rome

Marymount International School Rome is a private, international, Catholic, co-educational day school that follows the American grading system and a part of the Global Network of RSHM Schools which includes 19 Marymount schools in Europe, North America, and South America founded by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RSHM). 

The school offers an English-language American and International curriculum from Early Childhood through Grade 12 (ages 2 to 18), a longstanding International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma program and an excellent American High School Diploma, as well as AP courses, and a variety of extracurricular activities, all of which contribute to a vibrant community life that enriches its beautiful 40-acre campus in northern Rome.

Facilities include several science laboratories, two spacious libraries with multi-media centers, art and music studios, an Auditorium, the Early Childhood Center Outdoor Classroom, Garden and Playground, and the Dining Hall in addition to a regulation-size soccer field and several other sports areas.  The one-to-one laptop program in the Secondary School is supported by high-speed Internet connections in the classrooms. Enrichment opportunities are offered across all Grade Levels. 

Marymount is accredited by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), Council of International Schools (CIS) and the Middle States Association (MSA).

References

External links

Marymount International School Rome

American international schools in Italy
International schools in Italy
International schools in Rome
International Baccalaureate schools in Italy
Educational institutions established in 1946
Private schools in Italy
1946 establishments in Italy
Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge

The Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge is a 4,218 acre (17.07 km²) National Wildlife Refuge located along the Tombigbee River near Coffeeville, Alabama. Named after the Choctaw tribe, it was established to provide a wood duck brood habitat and serve as a protected wintering area for waterfowl.

Of the 4,218 acres (17.07 km²) of the refuge, approximately 1,802 acres (7.29 km²) of lakes, sloughs, and creeks, 2,265 acres (9.17 km²) of bottomland hardwoods, and  of croplands and moist soil units. The facility has a four-person staff with a $882,000 (FY 2005) annual budget.

The refuge also manages an additional  in perpetual conservation easements in eight parcels in Monroe, Sumter and Conecuh counties.

History
Choctaw NWR was established in 1964 on lands acquired by the Corps of Engineers in conjunction with the Coffeeville Lock and Dam project.

Topography
The 4,218 acre (17.07 km²) refuge encompasses approximately 1,802 acres (7.29 km²) of lakes, sloughs, and creeks, 2,265 acres (9.17 km²) of bottomland hardwoods, and  of croplands and moist soil units.

The refuge borders the Tombigbee River (and the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway) for . Okatuppa and Turkey Creeks divide the refuge into three unites. The river and the creeks make a large portion of the refuge accessible only by boat. The entire refuge is subject to annual Spring flooding.

Wildlife and protected species
Four hundred nest boxes are maintained for wood ducks resulting in the hatching of approximately 2500 birds each year. Wintering waterfowl numbers can exceed 10,000. In addition to the moist soil, crops such as millet, milo, wheat, and clover are grown in fields for the benefit of both waterfowl and resident wildlife.

In addition, numerous neotropical migrant and wading birds benefit from management activities. Following a successful bald eagle program in the early 1990s the refuge hosts a nesting pair of eagles each winter. In the summer, wood storks can be found resting and feeding in the back-water sloughs and moist soil units. Other wildlife include white-tailed deer, gray squirrels, turkey, raccoons, opossum, alligator, and beaver.

Facilities

A small research facility, "Cypess Tupelo Research Natural Area" encompasses  and is protected from the damaging effects of beavers on individual trees and water management.

Choctaw NWR offers opportunities for fishing, boating, hunting, hiking, and wildlife observation. A .75 mile trail leads to a wildlife observation platform overlooking the moist soil unit.

Fishing is popular with bass, white perch, catfish, and bream in abundance throughout the creeks and rivers. Second in popularity is hunting. White-tailed deer and feral hogs may be hunted as well as squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon.

Images

See also
 List of National Wildlife Refuges

External links
 Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge homepage
 FWS profile of Choctaw NWR
 Recreation.gov overview
 Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge GORP site

Protected areas of Choctaw County, Alabama
National Wildlife Refuges in Alabama
Landforms of Choctaw County, Alabama
Wetlands of Alabama
Alabama placenames of Native American origin
(Don't) Give Hate a Chance

"(Don't) Give Hate A Chance" is the third and final single from British funk and acid jazz band Jamiroquai's sixth studio album, Dynamite (2005). The title is a reference to the song "Give Peace a Chance" by John Lennon, and was written by Jason Kay, Rob Harris and Matt Johnson. It was produced by Kay and Mike Spencer. The single was released on 7 November 2005, peaking on the UK Singles Chart at number 27.

Music video

The video for "(Don't) Give Hate a Chance" is Jamiroquai's only computer-animated music video and pays homage to the Italian cartoon La Linea. In the video, an animated version of Jay Kay himself (resembling Mr. Linea from the aforementioned show) sings and dances as it cuts to scenes with humanoids (who also resemble the same character) make war references. It also feature the hand from said show and even animated gorillas.

To promote the release of the video, Sony BMG organised the video to be projected on a number of outdoor venues around central London, including the walls of the Chelsea Barracks military grounds and a car park in the Soho district. An alternate video released in late October, which included the ground being replaced by plants and rocks and significant changes to the final minute of the video.

Track listing
UK CD1
 "(Don't) Give Hate A Chance" – 3:50
 "(Don't) Give Hate A Chance" (Steve Mac Classic Radio Edit) – 5:04

References

Jamiroquai songs
2005 singles
2005 songs
Anti-war songs
Protest songs
Songs against racism and xenophobia
Songs written by Jason Kay
Songs written by Matt Johnson (keyboardist)
Sony BMG singles
Jick

Jick has been used as a nickname and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Nickname
 Zack "Jick" Johnson of Kingdom of Loathing
 Tsuyoshi Ujiki (born 1957), Japanese entertainer, actor, musician, and singer

Surname
 Andy Jick (1952–2019), American public address announcer
 Hershel Jick, American medical researcher
Brown's station (Ulster and Delaware Railroad)

Brown's Station, MP 15.8, was one of the pre-fabricated stations that was built for the Ulster and Delaware Railroad in the early 1900s, this one being constructed in 1900: the same year the railroad reached Oneonta. This was one of the stations that was located in the Ashokan Valley, and served the small town of Brown's Station, New York, which is now underwater.

This station was moved twice. The first time it was moved, it went to Ashokan after its original town was sunk during the making of the Ashokan Reservoir. But, before that, it was a major stop for concrete and other materials used to construct the Ashokan Reservoir. There was also a siding for the McArthur Brothers Company. But after the construction of the reservoir, the station was moved to Ashokan.

It went through an average life of business until the end of passenger service on the U&D on March 31, 1954, when it was abandoned. It was then moved to Woodstock in the 1970s, and was initially in poor condition. It was later restored, and had a tower and a portico added.

References

Railway stations in the Catskill Mountains
Former Ulster and Delaware Railroad stations
Railway stations in Ulster County, New York
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Railway stations closed in 1913
Bowen University

Bowen University is a private Baptist Christian Nigerian university located at Iwo in Osun State, Nigeria, and is housed in the old 1,300-acre (6 km2) campus of the Baptist College, a teacher-training institution on a hill just outside the city. It is affiliated with the Nigerian Baptist Convention.

History
The university was founded on 17 July 2001 by the Nigerian Baptist Convention. The Federal Government of Nigeria approved the establishment of the university and it was subsequently licensed to operate by the National Universities Commission (NUC). A Provisional Governing Council was inaugurated on 22 August 2001, with Professor J.T. Okedara as Vice Chancellor and Mr E. A. Lawale as Registrar. Academic activity started on 4 November 2002, with 506 students admitted into the Faculties of Agriculture, Science, Science Education, and Social and Management Sciences. In 2009, the NUC approved degree programmes in Medicine (MBBS), Anatomy (B.Sc) and Physiology (B.Sc) into the university and in 2011, Bowen University received approvals to begin the Faculty of Humanities and Faculty of Law. In 2017, the University had about 5,000 students. In 2018, the university launched a radio station which was managed and operated by their Mass Communications Department.

Faculties and courses offered in Bowen University 
Faculties

College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (COAES)

College of Management and Social Sciences (COMSS)

College of Law (COLAW)

College of Health Sciences (COHES)

College of Liberal Studies (COLBS)

ollege of Computing and Communication Studies (COCCS)

College of Environmental Sciences (COEVS)

College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science (COAES)

B.Sc. Microbiology

B.Sc. Pure and Applied Biology

B.Sc. Biochemistry

B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry

B.Sc. Mathematics

B.Sc. Statistics

B.Sc. Physics

Bachelor of Agriculture (B.Agric.)

B.Sc. Food Science and Technology

B.Eng. Electrical/Electronics Engineering

B.Eng. Mechatronics Engineering

B. Agric. Extension and Social Engineering (SAFE)

College of Management and Social Sciences (COMSS)

B.Sc. Accounting

B.Sc. Banking and Finance

B.Sc. Business Administration

B.Sc. Industrial Relations and Personnel Management

B.Sc. Economics

B.Sc. Sociology

B.Sc. Political Science

B.Sc. International Relations

B.Sc. Political and Law

College of Law (COLAW)

Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)

College of Liberal Studies (COLBS)

B.A. Music

B.A. Theatre Arts

B.A. English

B.A. History and International Studies

B.A. Religious Studies

Notable people

Alumni of the college include:
Bukky Abaniwonda, Canadian actress of Nigerian descent.

Gallery

References

External links

 

2001 establishments in Nigeria
Universities and colleges established in 2001
Christian universities and colleges in Nigeria
Osun State
Baptist universities and colleges
Baptist Christianity in Nigeria
Trailervision

Trailervision was a website which featured movie trailer videos for fictitious films. It was established in 1999 by Canadian filmmaker Albert Nerenberg.

Trailervision's titles included "American Booty", "Gangstas In Love", "Girls Rule", "I Know What You'll Want Next Summer", "J2K: Jesus 2000", "Lance Banyon VS The Ku Klux Klan", "Modeman", the Office Sex series beginning with "Welcome to Office Sex", "Switched", "The Man With No Head", "Wimp Club", "Y2K"

Brooke D'Orsay was a member of Trailervision's in-house cast. Trailer videos were initially available without charge but eventually Trailervision charged a subscription fee for access except for a few  selected videos. The website became defunct after 2009.

References

External links
 
 

1999 establishments in Canada
Canadian comedy websites
Film advertising material
Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation

The Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation (NHLC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to representing Native Hawaiians in legal disputes over land rights, use of natural resources, sovereignty, and other such issues in Hawaii.

NHLC was founded in 1974, in the midst of the Second Hawaiian Renaissance, as the Hawaiian Coalition of Native Claims.

Its current executive director, as of January 14 2022, is Makalika Naholowaa.

References

External links
NHLC website
 Project Ku'ikahi
 Legal Aid Society of Hawaii

Native Hawaiian
Indigenous organisations in the United States
Legal Services Corporation
1974 establishments in Hawaii
Organizations established in 1974
Legal aid in the United States
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Spit Your Game

"Spit Your Game" is the second single by Notorious B.I.G. from his Duets: The Final Chapter album, a remixed album of Biggie Smalls' work. The song features guest appearances from Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's Krayzie Bone and Twista and sampled The Walker Brothers' "My Ship Is Coming In" from their Take It Easy with the Walker Brothers album. The single is a double A-side with "Hold Ya Head", a song which samples "Johnny Was" from Bob Marley's Rastaman Vibration album by his reggae band The Wailers and "Suicidal Thoughts" from Biggie's Ready to Die for his vocals.

The single was released on 24 April in the UK and reached No. 64 on the UK charts.

It is a modern rendition of Notorious B.I.G.'s and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's acclaimed collaboration on the song "Notorious Thugs". In "Notorious Thugs", Biggie changed his normally smooth flow to a faster melodic pace to emulate Bone's trademark flow and "Spit Your Game" references this by including two fast verses by Twista and Krayzie Bone.

Video
The video for "Spit Your Game" features Layzie Bone, Wish Bone, Krayzie Bone, Twista, Eightball & MJG and Swizz Beatz. It is set in a recording studio as a "Battle for the Krown" is taking place.

On the airing of MTV's Making the Video episode for "Spit Your Game", it was announced that this will be the last video ever to be in dedication of The Notorious B.I.G. Yung Joc, Jody Breeze, Big Gee, Layzie Bone, Wish Bone, Swizz Beatz and Sleepy Brown made an appearance in the video. It was directed by Dr.Teeth.

Remixes
"Spit Your Game" is a remix of "Notorious Thugs", a Notorious B.I.G. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony duet on Biggie's second album Life After Death.

The song also features a remixed version, where 8Ball & MJG spit a verse each towards the end of the song, though their verses have been much criticized for not keeping in context with fast rapping and doing basic slow verses.

Track listing

UK - CD: 1
 Spit Your Game [Remix Edit] (Featuring Twista, Eightball & MJG & Krayzie Bone)
 Hold Ya Head [Main Version] (Featuring Bob Marley)

UK - CD: 2
 Spit Your Game [Remix] (Featuring Twista, Eightball & MJG & Bone Thugs-N-Harmony)
 Hold Ya Head [Main Version] (Featuring Bob Marley)
 Spit Your Game [MyTone - Personalized Ringtone]

UK - 12" vinyl
 Spit Your Game [Remix] (Featuring Twista, Eightball & MJG & Bone Thugs-N-Harmony) 
 Spit Your Game [Instrumental Remix] 
 Hold Ya Head [Main Version] (Featuring Bob Marley)
 Hold Ya Head [Instrumental]

Promo CD
 Spit Your Game [Remix Edit] (Featuring Twista, Eightball & MJG & Bone Thugs-N-Harmony) 
 Spit Your Game [Remix Instrumental] 
 Hold Ya Head [Amended Album Version] (Featuring Bob Marley)
 Hold Ya Head [Instrumental]

Charts

References

External links

2005 songs
2006 singles
The Notorious B.I.G. songs
Twista songs
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony songs
Song recordings produced by Swizz Beatz
Songs written by Sean Combs
Songs written by Twista
Songs written by the Notorious B.I.G.
Atlantic Records singles
Bad Boy Records singles
Songs released posthumously
Pure Moods

Pure Moods is the first United States release of a series of compilation albums of new-age music released by Virgin Records. The original was titled Moods – A contemporary Soundtrack and released in the UK in 1991. This was followed by Moods 2 in 1992. The series focuses on the genres of new-age, ambient, world music, and to a lesser extent, downtempo, trip-hop and smooth jazz. Several artists are featured regularly throughout the series such as Massive Attack, Moby, Delerium, Enigma, Enya, Adiemus, Sacred Spirit and Yanni.

The original volume of the series was initially promoted and sold by direct response television commercials. The first volume was initially released in 1994, with a different track listing from the 1997 re-release. There are twelve albums released by Virgin Records in the series — five "main entry" albums and six spin-off albums (Celtic, Scottish, Instrumental, Romantic, Gregorian and Christmas). Scottish Moods stands alone as an album featuring a single performer, David Methen and The Munros, while all the others are albums featuring multiple artists.

Track listings

Pure Moods (original 1994 release)

Pure Moods (1997 re-release)

Release Date: April 1, 1997
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 42186
UPC: 7 24384 21862 1

Instrumental Moods (original 1995 UK release)

Release Date: November 6, 1995
Label / Catalogue Number: Virgin Records UK: VTCD 65
UPC: 7 24384 11232 5

Cinema Moods (1995)
Release Date: 1995

Gregorian Moods (1997)
Release Date: July 1997
Label / Catalogue Number: Virgin Records UK: VTCD 171

Celtic Moods (1997)
Release Date: November 11, 1997
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 44951

Instrumental Moods (1998)
Release Date: February 24, 1998
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 45397

Christmas Moods (1998)
Release Date: October 20, 1998
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46753

Pure Moods II (1998)
Release Date: November 17, 1998
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46796

Scottish Moods (1999)
Release Date: February 23, 1999
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46986

Pure Moods III (2001)
Release Date: February 6, 2001
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 50935

Pure Moods IV (2002)
Release Date: October 1, 2002
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 12082

Romantic Moods (2002)
Release Date: 2002

Pure Moods: Celestial Celebration (2004)
Release Date: February 24, 2004
Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 96797

References

External links
Pure Moods collection promo on YouTube
Pure Moods, Vol.2 on AllMusic

Compilation album series
New-age compilation albums
1994 albums
Reventazón River

The Reventazón River, , (), is a river in Costa Rica.

Geography 

Reventazón River forms part of the Reventazón-Parismina drainage basin, it is  long and flows into the Caribbean sea. It starts at the base of the Irazú Volcano, passing through the east side of the Central Valley, and flows through the Orosí and Turrialba Valleys. After reaching the Caribbean coastal plains it joins the Parismina River and forms what is called the Reventazón-Parismina.

Economy

Water supply 

In its upper segments, the Reventazón River is the source of 25% of the drinking water of Costa Rica's largest metropolitan area centered on San Jose.

Hydropower generation 

The river is very important for power generation. Three reservoirs in the river, Lake Cachí (100.8 MW), Angostura (177MW) and Reventazón Dam (305.5MW) are used for generating a significant share of Costa Rica's electricity.  The dam for the third reservoir, Reventazón (305MW), was completed and opened in 2016.  The river is also important for tourism, specially for whitewater rafting.

Tourism 

Rafting is practiced in the river, which has Class 2-3 rapids in its Florida section.

Ecosystem 

The bobo mullet (Joturus pichardi) is native to the Parismina River and is fished here for subsistence consumption and sometimes commercially.

See also
 Codo del Diablo murders

References

Rivers of Costa Rica
Nudie

Nudie may refer to:

Nudie Jeans
Nudie Juice, Australian juice producer
Helen Barbara Kruger, fashion designer also known as Bobbie Nudie
Nudie Cohn, fashion designer born as Nuta Kotlyarenko

See also
Nude (disambiguation)
Ali Murad Talpur

Mir Ali Murad Talpur, known as the Aadil-i-Jang, was the second ruler of the Mankani Talpur state of Mirpurkhas. He founded Mirpurkhas town in 1806 and made it the capital of his state which was founded by his father, Mir Tharo Khan Talpur at Keti Mir Tharo. His state included territories of the present day southeastern Sindh. His son, Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur waged a guerrilla campaign in Sindh against the East India Company after the British victory at the Battle of Hyderabad on February 1843, which resulted in Hyderabad falling under British control. 

Mirpur Khas District
Sindhi people
History of Sindh
Talpur dynasty
Nawabs of Pakistan
Tadashi Abe

(1926 – November 23, 1984) was the first aikido master to live and teach in the west. He began training in Aikido in Osaka in 1942 and went on to train directly under the founder of the art Morihei Ueshiba at Iwama as an uchideshi during World War II. In 1952, after graduating in law from Waseda University, he moved to France where he studied law at the Sorbonne and  taught aikido as a 6th Dan representative of Aikikai Honbu.  After seven years he returned to Japan.  By 1964 he was a 7th dan black belt in aikido.

Aikido had been introduced into France a year earlier by Minoru Mochizuki during a visit, but it was Tadashi Abe's teaching at the judo dojo of Mikonosuke Kawaishi where aikido was first taught on a regular basis in the west.  

In his beginning years in aikido, Abe had been very keen on ascertaining the martial effectiveness of the art. He wrote two books on aikido in French language, and a scathing letter in critique of Koichi Tohei´s decision to break from the Aikikai and start his own Ki Society.  He was the cousin of Yoshimitsu Yamada.

References

External links
The Principle Disciples of Ueshiba Morihei
 Tadashi Abe Memorial site 

Japanese aikidoka
University of Paris alumni
Waseda University alumni
1926 births
1984 deaths
Japanese expatriates in France
Chontal language

Chontal language may refer to:

in Oaxaca,
one of the Tequistlatecan languages
in Tabasco,
the Chontal Maya language
List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft

List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft include all types of accident and incident, including mechanical failures, pilot error and military action. They include chronological lists, lists by conflict, lists by aircraft model and other lists. Losses due to military action during World War I and World War II are not included.

Chronological lists

 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft before 1925
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1925–1934)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1935–1939)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1940–1942)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1943–1944)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1945–1949)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1950–1954)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1960–1969)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1970–1974)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1975–1979)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1980–1989)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1990–1999)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (2000–2009)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (2010–2019)
 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (2020–present)

By conflict

List of aviation accidents and incidents in the war in Afghanistan
List of Soviet aircraft losses during the Soviet–Afghan War
List of Russian aircraft losses in the Second Chechen War
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Libyan Civil War (2011)
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Syrian Civil War
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War

By model

List of accidents and incidents involving the English Electric Lightning
List of F-15 losses
List of accidents and incidents involving the Grumman A-6 Intruder
List of Harrier family losses
Accidents and incidents involving the JAS 39 Gripen

Other
List of UAV-related incidents
List of fatal accidents and incidents involving Royal Air Force aircraft from 1945

Lists of aviation accidents and incidents
Miwa Yasuda

is a Japanese voice actress. She was born in Hyōgo, and works for Aoni Production.

Notable voice roles

Anime

Blue Gender (Alicia Whistle)
Boogiepop Phantom (Akane Kojima)
Gakuen Alice (Ruka Nogi)
Hand Maid May (Ikariya, Masato Zin)
Kanon (Yuichi Aizawa (child))
Kidou Shinsengumi Moeyo Ken (Seiryu)

Game

Kidou Shinsengumi Moeyo Ken (Seiryu)
King of Fighters: Maximum Impact (Mignon Beart)
Rune Factory 2 (Alicia)

References

External links
Miwa Yasuda  at Aoni Production
 
Miwa Yasuda at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos

1977 births
Living people
Voice actresses from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
Aoni Production voice actors
Neural Audio Corporation

Neural Audio Corporation was an audio research company based in Kirkland, Washington. 

The company specialized in high-end audio research. It helped XM Satellite Radio launch their service using the Neural Codec Pre-Conditioner, which was designed to provide higher quality audio at lower bitrates.

History
The company was co-founded by two audio engineers, Paul Hubert and Robert Reams in 2000. 

In 2009 the company was acquired by DTS Inc. for $15 million in cash.

Products 
Neural was mostly known for its work in the field of audio processing and its "Neural Surround" sound format. ESPN, FOX, NBC, CBS, Sony, Universal, Warner Bros, THX, Yamaha, Pioneer Electronics, Ford, Honda, Nissan, Vivendi and SiriusXM were partners and customers in connection with sound for movies, broadcasting applications, music reproduction and video games.

"Neural Surround" is a technology similar to MPEG Surround, where a 5.1 stream is downmixed into stereo than recovered using cues – encoded into the downmixed stereo. NPR participated in a trial of the "Neural Surround" technology in 2004, using the Harris NeuStar 5225. XM HD Surround was based on the same technology.

Neural provides its "Codec Pre-Conditioner" in at least two types of devices, a "NeuStar UltraLink digital radio audio conditioner" built as a physical device and a "Neustar SW4.0" built as a piece of software on Windows XP. Manual of the software indicates that the pre-conditioner works by analyzing noise in each frequency bin and masking them to not exceed predefined limits, so that they would not overwhelm a codec.

Harris Broadcast acted as a redistributor of Neural technology.

References

External links
Celebrity Voice Changer
Mixing & Mastering Services

Audio engineering
Benavente

Benavente may refer to:

Places
 Benavente, Portugal, a municipality in Portugal
 Benavente, Zamora, a municipality in Zamora province, Spain
 Benavente (Hormigueros), a district of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico
 Benavente, Guam, a municipality in Guam

Other uses
 Benavente (surname), a Spanish surname
Australian one-dollar coin

The Australian one-dollar coin is the second most valuable circulation denomination coin of the Australian dollar after the two-dollar coin; there are also non-circulating legal-tender coins of higher denominations (five-, ten-, two-hundred-dollar coins and the one-million-dollar coin).

It was first issued on 14 May 1984 to replace the one-dollar note which was then in circulation, although plans to introduce a dollar coin had existed since the mid-1970s. The first year of minting saw 186.3 million of the coins produced at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra.

Four portraits of Queen Elizabeth II have featured on the obverse, the 1984 head of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin; between 1985 and 1998, the head by Raphael Maklouf; between 1999 and 2009, the head by Ian Rank-Broadley; and since 2019, the effigy of Elizabeth II by artist Jody Clark has been released into circulation. The coin features an inscription on its obverse of AUSTRALIA on the right-hand side and ELIZABETH II on the left-hand side.

The reverse features five kangaroos. The image was designed by Stuart Devlin, who designed Australia's first decimal coins in 1966.

The one-dollar denomination was only issued in coin sets in 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, and finally 2012. No one-dollar coin with any mint mark was ever released for circulation; any dollars found with such mark comes for a card.

$1 coins are legal tender for amounts not exceeding 10 times the face value of the coin for any payment of a debt.

Commemorative issue

The Royal Australian Mint has released a number of commemorative issued coins since the Australian $1 was released in 1984, some of which were not released into circulation.

See also

 Coins of the Australian dollar

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 Australian Decimal Currency
 The Australian Dollar Coin
 Australian Coins: Type Collecting 
 Pictures of Australian Coins
 Coins from Australia / Coin Type: One Dollar - Online Coin Club

Currencies introduced in 1984
Decimal coins of Australia
One-base-unit coins
Pacific Basin Development Council

The Pacific Basin Development Council is a non-profit organization that was established in early 1980s by the governors of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and Hawaii.  The Council is concerned with the  economic and social development of the Pacific Islands, and conducts research and implements projects to that end.  The Pacific Basin Development Council is managed by a board of directors.

Withdrawal of Hawaii
In 1996, Governor Ben Cayetano withdrew Hawaii from the Pacific Basin Development Council as part of state budget cuts.  At that time, each of the four members of the Council paid annual dues of $63,000.

Sources
 Pacific Islands Institutions
 "Hawaii pulls out of Pacific Basin Council"

Non-profit organizations based in the United States
Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands
Economy of American Samoa
Economy of Guam
Business in Hawaii
1980s establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Oceania