alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Ngurlun languages

The Ngurlun languages, also known as Eastern Mirndi, are a branch of the Mirndi languages spoken around in the Barkly Tableland of Northern Territory, Australia. The branch consists of two to four languages, depending on what is considered a dialect: Ngarnka, Wambaya, and often  Binbinka and Gurdanji.

The group was formerly thought to be most closely related to the Jingulu language, with this larger group called West Barkly or simply Barkly, but the connection is no longer thought to be genealogical.

References

 
Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory
Christian Democratic Front

The Christian Democratic Front () is a small political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It failed to win any seats in the National Assembly following elections held on 26 March 2006.

The party supported Fradique de Menezes in the 30 July 2006 presidential election. He was re-elected with 60.58% of the vote.

The discovery of a coup plot against Menezes, allegedly involving Christian Democratic Front leader Arlecio Costa, was announced on 12 February 2009. Costa and more than 30 others were arrested.

References

Christian democratic parties in Africa
Political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe
NCAA Season 82

NCAA Season 82 is the 2006–07 season of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines).

The start of the basketball competition is scheduled at June 24 at the Araneta Coliseum.

De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde is the host of the 2006–07 season, with this year's theme “Proud and True at 82: Blazing Beyond Limits.”

Basketball

Seniors' tournament

Elimination round

NBI agents were present in the Ninoy Aquino Stadium, monitoring the basketball games. Rumours still persist that there were still efforts of game fixing in the games. The suspects "resurfaced" during the first round game between the Blazers and the Heavy Bombers, the day where the agents were supposedly absent.

Bracket

Awards

Samuel Ekwe got four out of five awards given by the NCAA Press Corps:
 Most Valuable Player:  Samuel Ekwe (San Beda)
 Most Valuable Player (Finals):  Yousif Aljamal (San Beda)
 Rookie of the Year:  Samuel Ekwe (San Beda)

Juniors' tournament

Elimination round

Bracket

Awards

Elvin Jake Pascual won the MVP award in the Juniors' division, although it was later returned after the conclusion of PCU High School's eligibility scandal.
 Most Valuable Player:  Elvin Pascual (PCU) (returned)
 Rookie of the Year:  Elvin Pascual (PCU) (returned)

Volleyball tournaments
Seniors' Division:
Men's tournament: PCU Dolphins def. Letran Knights
Most Outstanding Player: Eric John O. Genil (PCU)
Coach of the Year: Gilbert L. Ordon (PCU)
Women's tournament: San Sebastian Lady Stags def. Letran Lady Knights
Most Outstanding Player: Joy H. Pulido (SSC-R)
Coach of the Year: Rogelio G. Gorayeb (SSC-R)
Juniors' Division: San Sebastian Staglets def. UPHSD Altalettes
Most Outstanding Player: Nelson P. Rivera, Jr. (SSC-R)
Coach of the Year: Rogelio G. Gorayeb (SSC-R)

Swimming tournaments

Seniors' division

Juniors' division

Chess tournaments

Seniors' division

Juniors' division

Individual awards
Most outstanding players:
Juniors': Haridas Pascua (PCU)
Seniors': Deniel Causo (PCU)
Coach of the year: Raymond Salcedo (PCU)

Cheerdance competition
The NCAA Cheerdance Competition was held on September 8, 2006 at the Araneta Coliseum. The UPHSD PerpSquad successfully defended their championship, while the Letran Cheering Squad and the Mapúa Cheerping Cardinals all improved their places as compared from last year.

The Cheerdance Competition is not counted on the tabulation of the General Championship.

General Championship

Seniors division

Broadcast notes
ABS-CBN affiliates Studio 23 and The Filipino Channel broadcast the Playoffs series and selected elimination round games. The broadcast crew included Butch Maniego and Bill Velasco, among others.  The broadcast crew included the courtside reporters from all schools.

See also
 UAAP Season 69

References

External links
 Official NCAA website

2006 in Philippine sport
2007 in Philippine sport
2006 in multi-sport events
2007 in multi-sport events
82
Osphradium

The osphradium is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs (it is absent in the scaphopoda and monoplacophora; among cephalopoda, only the nautilus has what appears to be a set of osphradia), on or adjacent to the ctenidia (gills). The main function of this organ is disputed but it is believed to be used to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles or, in some species, for sensing the presence of light.

It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy. However, an osphradium is absent in monoplacophorans and scaphopods.  Moreover, the differences in enervation of these patches suggest that the osphradium (as a patch enervated from the ctenidial nerve) may be different from another organ sometimes called the posterior sensory organ (PSO) with separate enervation from the  lateral nerve cords.  Both types of sensory organs are found in the nautilus.

References

External links 
 Hulbert G. C. E. B. & Yonge C. M. (1937). "A Possible Function of the Osphradium in the Gastropoda". Nature 139: 840-841. .
 Brown A. C. & Noble R. G. (1960). "Function of the Osphradium in Bullia (Gastropoda)". Nature 188: 1045-1045. .

Cephalopod zootomy
Gastropod anatomy
Pujari

Pūjari is a designation given to a Hindu temple priest who performs pūja. The word comes from the Sanskrit word "पूजा" meaning worship. They are responsible for performing temple rituals, including pūjā and aarti. Pujari are mainly drawn from the Hindu Brahmin and Billava

History

See also
Goswami
Pandit
Purohit
Yogi
''Bairagi

References

External links

Surnames of Indian origin

Hindu priests
Titles and occupations in Hinduism
Colorado State Highway 5

Colorado State Highway 5 (SH 5) is a  state highway in the U.S. state of Colorado that is the highest paved road in North America with its upper terminus at  elevation near the summit of Mount Blue Sky and its lower terminus at  elevation at  near Echo Lake.

Route description
SH 5 is short, slightly less than . It passes through the Mount Evans Wilderness. This particular state highway is quite unusual in that it does not pass through any cities, towns, or unincorporated communities.

The route is entirely contained within Clear Creek County. This highway forms half of the Mount Evans Scenic Byway, running from the summit of Mount Blue Sky to the junction with SH 103 at Echo Lake Park, about  south of Idaho Springs, the nearest municipality to SH 5.

Because of its mountainous route, SH 5 is closed seasonally when snow clearance becomes excessively difficult, usually from Labor Day to Memorial Day. During the warmer months the road is open 24 hours a day. A toll (or "park fee") is charged, though technically the toll is only necessary for the use of the parking lot at the summit between 8 A.M. and 6:30 P.M. As a state highway, the road is open to the public and free to traverse out and back.

History
SH 5's current routing up to Mount Blue Sky was originally a part of SH 103; however, it was renumbered as SH 5 by year 1955.

Major intersections

References

External links

005
Transportation in Clear Creek County, Colorado
Tweedsmuir

Tweedsmuir () is a village and civil parish in Tweeddale, the Scottish Borders Council district, southeastern Scotland.

Geography
The village is set in a valley, with the rolling hills and burns on both sides, covering some fifty square miles. It incorporates settlements at Hearthstane, Cockiland, Menzion, and Oliver.

Tweedsmuir was in the historic former county of Peeblesshire. It is situated  from the source of the River Tweed.

History
James Hogg recorded that in 1620 a severe storm remembered as 'the thirteen drifty days' caused such severe sheep losses that a glen in Tweedsmuir owned by Sir James Montgomery was converted to a common grazing and remained as such for almost a century.

Landmarks and features
Oliver Castle was one of the local strongholds, and later country estates, of the Clan Tweedie family.

The Parish Church of Tweedsmuir was built with Scottish red sandstone in 1874 on site of earlier 1643 structure. It is a Category B listed building. There are notable Tweedie gravestones in the parish churchyard.

The Crook Inn is in the village, on the A701. It is one of many claimants to be the oldest inn in Scotland. It is where Robert Burns wrote "Willie Wastle's Wife".

The  22 MW Glenkerie wind farm of Infinis is located  northwest of the village.

Talla Reservoir
The Talla Reservoir is nearby. In 1894 the Edinburgh and District Water Trustees decided to build Talla as the new source of water for Edinburgh. The surface and the gradient of the main road were unsuitable for carting the quantities of material that would be needed for the new reservoir, so the Talla Railway was built from Broughton to Talla. While work on the railway and the reservoir was in progress, a large number of workmen lived in Tweedsmuir, dramatically increasing the population.

The valve-closing ceremony was held at Talla on 20 May 1905, and on 28 September, when the reservoir was about two-fifths full, there was an inaugural ceremony.  The large company was brought from Edinburgh in two special trains, which were hauled for the last stage of the journey, from Broughton Station, by small service engines on the Talla railway.

Fruid Reservoir is also nearby.

See also
Baron Tweedsmuir
List of places in the Scottish Borders

References
  
 Scott, Sheila: Tales of Tweedsmuir: glimpses of an Upland Parish in the Past; Biggar, 1995.
Borders Family History Society: article on Tweedsmuir

Villages in the Scottish Borders
Peeblesshire
Tweeddale
Parishes in Peeblesshire
Talla Reservoir

Talla Reservoir, located a mile from Tweedsmuir, Scottish Borders, Scotland, is an earth-work dam fed by Talla Water.  The reservoir is supplemented by water from the nearby Fruid Reservoir.  It was opened in 1905. To assist in bringing the materials for its construction, the Talla Railway was built.

History
In the late 19th century engineers surveying for the Edinburgh and District Water Trust (EDWT) identified the area around the loch at Talla in the hills above Tweedsmuir in the Scottish Borders as an ideal site for a new reservoir to supply the increasing water demands of the expanding city of Edinburgh, 28 miles to the north. In the mid-1890s the land was secured from the Trustees of the Earl of Wemyss and March Estates for £20,000. Construction was by James Young & Sons.

On 29 September 1897 a stone-laying ceremony marked the start of construction of Victoria Lodge, at the southern terminus. The Lodge was built as the headquarters for the Trustees of the Edinburgh Water Company. A category B listed house in the Scots Renaissance style, it sits in its own private grounds overlooking the reservoir.

All materials for construction were lifted from there to the construction site by a ropeway, called a 'Blondin' after the famous tightrope walker Charles Blondin. These included stone and aggregates from quarries in North Queensferry and Craigleith, pipes, valve gear and pumping equipment from central Scotland, as well as the  clay, gravel and sand used in the dam embankment.  Puddle clay, for the watertight barrier within the dam came from the Carluke area; this material was initially developed by James Brindley for canal lining.  In total, over 100,000 tons of material were transported for the building of the reservoir, and at least 30 of the workmen (who were mostly Irish) died during construction and are buried at Tweedsmuir churchyard.

Construction work was virtually complete by late 1904 and Talla Water was diverted into the bed of the reservoir on 20 May 1905. The official opening ceremony on 28 September was carried out by Lady Cranston, wife of the Lord Provost.

The total cost was £1.25 million (the equivalent of £156 million in 2020).

External link

 Talla Reservoir – A man made beauty

Sources

John Furneval's article on Railscot

See also
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
List of reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom

Reservoirs in the Scottish Borders
John Woodcock (American football)

John Maurer Woodcock (March 19, 1954August 23, 1998) was an American football defensive lineman who played professionally in the National Football League (NFL).

Early years
He attended Washington High School in Fremont, California.

Career
Woodcock was a standout defensive tackle under Coach Larry Price at the University of Hawaii (1974–1975).  He was a third-round selection in the 1976 NFL Draft of the Detroit Lions and went on to play for the Lions (1976–1980) and the San Diego Chargers (1981–1982).

Death
He died from a heart attack at his home in Fremont at the age of 44. The song "In Every Age" was dedicated to his memory by sacred music composer Janèt Sullivan Whitaker.

External links
 John Woodcock statistics

References 

1954 births
1998 deaths
Sportspeople from Eureka, California
Sportspeople from Fremont, California
Players of American football from Alameda County, California
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football players
Detroit Lions players
San Diego Chargers players
Players of American football from Humboldt County, California
Barium iodide

Barium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula BaI2.  The compound exists as an anhydrous and a hydrate (BaI2(H2O)2), both of which are white solids. When heated, hydrated barium iodide converts to the anhydrous salt. The hydrated form is freely soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.

Structure
The structure of the anhydrous form resembles that of lead(II) chloride with each Ba center bound to nine iodide ligands and has a crystalline packing structure that is quite similar to BaCl2.

Reactions
Anhydrous BaI2 can be prepared by treating Ba metal with 1,2-diiodoethane in ether.

BaI2 reacts with alkyl potassium compounds to form organobarium compounds.

BaI2 can be reduced with lithium biphenyl, to give a highly active form of barium metal.

Safety
Like other soluble salts of barium, barium iodide is toxic.

References

Iodides
Barium compounds
Alkaline earth metal halides
White Willow (band)

White Willow is a Norwegian art rock band, mixing elements of orchestral pop, 1970s progressive rock, jazz-rock and even electronic elements.

White Willow's influences range from 10cc, The Beach Boys, Big Star and Steely Dan to King Crimson, Magma, Weather Report and even Nick Drake and Joni Mitchell. Typical of their sound is the prominence of female vocals, flute and mellotrons and analog synthesizers.

Many guest artists have appeared on White Willow's albums. They include Norwegian singer/songwriter Finn Coren, British art-pop vocalist Tim Bowness, and US avant-rock guitarist Michael S. Judge.

Band members

Current band members
Venke Knutson - vocals
Lars Fredrik Frøislie - keyboards
Ketil Einarsen - flutes
Jacob Holm-Lupo - guitars
Ellen Andrea Wang - bass
Mattias Olsson - drums

Former band members

Sylvia Erichsen - vocals
Trude Eidtang - vocals
Marthe Berger Walthinsen - bass
Aage Moltke Schou - drums
Erik Holm - drums
Danny Young - drums
Alexander Engebretsen - bass
Per Christian Stenberg - bass
Eldrid Johansen - vocals
Sara Trondal - vocals
Tirill Mohn - violin
Audun Kjus - flute and vocals
Jan Tariq Rahman - keyboards, bass, woodwinds and vocals (founding member)

Discography 
 Ignis Fatuus (1995, The Laser's Edge)
 Ex Tenebris (1998, The Laser's Edge)
 Sacrament (2000, The Laser's Edge)
 Storm Season (2004, The Laser's Edge; Japanese version released through Avalon/Marquee)
 Signal to Noise (2006, The Laser's Edge)
 Terminal Twilight (2011, Termo Records)
 Occultations: An Introduction to White Willow (2015, White Willow) 
 Future Hopes (2017, The Laser's Edge)

References

External links 
 White Willow on Facebook

Norwegian progressive rock groups

Musical groups from Norway with local place of origin missing 
Musical groups with year of establishment missing
Santiago Stock Exchange

The Santiago Stock Exchange (SSE) (), founded on November 27, 1893, is Chile's dominant stock exchange, and the third largest stock exchange in Latin America, behind Brazil's BM&F Bovespa, and the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores in Mexico. On December 5, 2014, the Santiago Stock Exchange announced it was joining the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative, becoming the 17th Partner Exchange of the initiative.

Operations and indices
The exchange trades in stocks, bonds, investment funds, stock options, futures, gold and silver coins minted by the Banco Central de Chile, and US dollars on Telepregón, its electronic platform. The only floor trading conducted is the share market, concurrent with screen trading. Settlement for shares is T+2. The stock exchange works every day of the week, except weekends and financial holidays. The Board of Directors determines the schedule, and it generally is from 09:30 am to 04:00 pm in winter and 05:00 in summer.

Indices
Three Stock enhanced stock market indices are published.

The General Stock Price Index (Indice General de Precios de Acciones, or IGPA) is a market capitalization-weighted index that measures price variations of the majority of the exchange's listed stocks, classified by sectors according to its activity and revised annually. The index was developed with a base level of 100 as of December 30, 1980.

The Selective Stock Price Index (Indice de Precios Selectivo de Acciones, or IPSA) is composed of the 40 most heavily traded stocks and revised quarterly.

The Inter-10 Index is a volume weighted index of the 10 main Chilean stocks listed in foreign markets through ADRs; its stocks are selected from the IPSA and is revised quarterly. Futures are traded on the IPSA and the U.S. dollar.

Building 
Like the Club de la Unión, the Edificio Ariztía and the Edificio Ex Hotel Mundial, the building housing the stock exchange was built on land originally owned by the Augustinian nuns. The Iglesia de las Agustinas attests their former presence. The building was completed in 1917.

See also
Bolsa Electrónica de Chile (Santiago Electronic Stock Exchange)
List of stock exchanges
List of American stock exchanges

References

External links

Santiago Stock Exchange
Inter-10 Index Quote at Bloomberg
IPSA Quote at Bloomberg
Market Capitalization Santiago Stock Exchange according to FIAB

Financial services companies established in 1893
1893 establishments in Chile
Economy of Chile
Financial services companies of Chile
National Monuments of Chile
Stock exchanges in South America
Monuments and memorials in Santiago
Economy of Santiago, Chile
Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge Complex

Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge Complex consists of the Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge, the Lake Andes Wetland Management District and the Karl E. Mundt National Wildlife Refuge. Altogether, 89,454 acres (362.01 km2) of U.S. Government and easement lands are managed by the complex. The complex is headquartered at Lake Andes, South Dakota and is a part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

References

External links
 

National Wildlife Refuges in South Dakota
Nature centers in South Dakota
Robert Kerr Chisholm

Robert Kerr Chisholm (May 26, 1819 – February 27, 1899) was a political figure in Oakville, Ontario, serving as mayor in 1866.

He was born in Nelson Township in Upper Canada in 1819, the son of William Chisholm, and was educated in Hamilton. Chisholm served as reeve of Trafalgar Township in 1854 and 1856 and served on the Oakville town council from 1857 to 1871 and 1879 to 1880. He also served as customs collector and postmaster in Oakville after his father's death in 1842; until that time, he had assisted his father with both of these functions.

He died in Oakville in 1899.

His brother George King served in the Legislative Assembly of the province and was the first mayor of Oakville.

See also
List of mayors of Oakville, Ontario

References

1819 births
1899 deaths
Mayors of Oakville, Ontario
Channel One (band)

Channel One are an Irish electronic rock band.

Formation and history 
The band formed in 2002 and launched on the live circuit in 2004.

Channel One followed on from their two previous vinyl-only releases of "Not for the Last Time" and "Accelerate:Brake/Fun Radio" with their debut EP, Permissions in February 2007. The self-financed release was written, recorded and produced by the band in the Autumn 2006. It was due to be distributed through Sound Foundation Recordings.

Channel One played support to Hard-Fi at The Olympia on 9 April 2008 as part of the Bud Rising series of concerts in Dublin.

Discography

References 

Irish electronic music groups
Irish rock music groups
Irish electronic rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Calcium hydride

Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula , and is therefore an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water liberating hydrogen gas.  is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant.

 is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals heavier than beryllium all form saline hydrides. A well-known example is sodium hydride, which crystallizes in the NaCl motif. These species are insoluble in all solvents with which they do not react.  crystallizes in the  (cotunnite) structure.

Preparation
Calcium hydride is prepared from its elements by direct combination of calcium and hydrogen at 300 to 400 °C.

Uses

Reduction of metal oxides
 is a reducing agent for the production of metal from the metal oxides of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, and U. It is proposed to operate via its decomposition to Ca metal:

Hydrogen source
 has been used for hydrogen production. In the 1940s, it was available under the trade name "Hydrolith" as a source of hydrogen:'The trade name for this compound is "hydrolith"; in cases of emergency, it can be used as a portable source of hydrogen, for filling airships. It is rather expensive for this use.'The reference to "emergency" probably refers to wartime use. The compound has, however, been widely used for decades as a safe and convenient means to inflate weather balloons. Likewise, it is regularly used in laboratories to produce small quantities of highly pure hydrogen for experiments. The moisture content of diesel fuel is estimated by the hydrogen evolved upon treatment with CaH2.

Desiccant
The reaction of  with water can be represented as follows:

The two hydrolysis products, gaseous  and , are readily separated from the dried solvent.

Calcium hydride is a relatively mild desiccant and, compared to molecular sieves, probably inefficient. Its use is safer than more reactive agents such as sodium metal or sodium-potassium alloy. Calcium hydride is widely used as a desiccant for basic solvents such as amines and pyridine. It is also used to dry alcohols.

Despite its convenience,  has a few drawbacks:
It is insoluble in all solvents with which it does not react vigorously, in contrast to , thus the speed of its drying action can be slow.
Because  and  are almost indistinguishable in appearance, the quality of a sample of  is not obvious visually.

History
During the Battle of the Atlantic, German submarines used calcium hydride as a sonar decoy called bold.

Other calcium hydrides
Although the term calcium hydride almost always refers to CaH2, a number of molecular hydrides of calcium are known.  One example is (Ca(μ-H)(thf)(nacnac)2.

See also
 Calcium monohydride

References

Metal hydrides
Calcium compounds
Desiccants
Hydrogen storage
Road warrior

Road warrior may refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media
Road Warrior (Black Tide EP)
 "The Road Warrior" (The O.C.), an episode of The O.C.
 Mad Max 2 or The Road Warrior, a 1981 Australian film

Sports
 Greenville Road Warriors, an ice hockey team
 Road Warriors (Atlantic League), a baseball team 
 The Road Warriors, a professional wrestling team comprising:
 Road Warrior Animal, the ring name of the American wrestler Joseph Michael Laurinaitis
 Road Warrior Hawk, the ring name of Michael Hegstrand

Other uses
 Road warrior (computing), a mobile worker who is constantly on the road
Throughfall

In hydrology, throughfall is the process which describes how wet leaves shed excess water onto the ground surface. These drops have greater erosive power because they are heavier than rain drops. Furthermore, where there is a high canopy, falling drops may reach terminal velocity, about , thus maximizing the drop's erosive potential.

Rates of throughfall are higher in areas of forest where the leaves are broad-leaved. This is because the flat leaves allow water to collect. Drip-tips also facilitate throughfall. Rates of throughfall are lower in coniferous forests as conifers can only hold individual droplets of water on their needles.

Throughfall is a crucial process when designing pesticides for foliar application since it will condition their washing and the fate of potential pollutants in the environment.

See also

 Stemflow
 Canopy interception
 Forest floor interception
 Tree shape

Notes

Hydrology
Forest ecology
Simon I (High Priest)

Simon I, son of Onias I, (310–291 or 300–270 BCE) was High Priest in the Temple in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period.

Some writers identify him with Simeon the Just: the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) names Fränkel and Grätz as examples.

Patrilineal ancestry

References

4th-century BC births
3rd-century BC deaths
3rd-century BCE High Priests of Israel
List of World Rally Championship Manufacturers' champions

The World Rally Championship for Manufacturers (or WRC Manufacturers' Championship) is a title awarded by the FIA to the most successful manufacturer over a World Rally Championship season, as determined by a points system based on rally results. The WRC was formed from well-known and popular international rallies, most of which had previously been part of the European Rally Championship and/or the International Championship for Manufacturers; the series was first contested in 1973. The first official rallying Manufacturers' Champion was Alpine-Renault. On seventeen occasions the Manufacturers' Champion team has not contained the World Drivers' Champion for a given season.

In the 45 seasons the Championship has been awarded, only 13 different manufacturers have won it; Lancia being the most successful, with 10 titles including 6 consecutive from 1987 to 1992. Only seven countries have produced winning manufacturers: France (3), Japan (3), Italy (2), the United Kingdom (2), Germany (2), South Korea (1), and United States (1).

Key

By season
Manufacturers who also facilitated the WRC Drivers' champion in the same season are shown in bold.

 Season still in progress.

By manufacturer

By nationality

See also
List of World Rally Championship Drivers' champions
List of World Rally Championship Co-Drivers' champions
List of World Rally Championship records

Notes

References

General:
WRC History
RallyBase.nl
eWRC-results.com
juwra.com – Jonkka's World Rally Archive

External links
 World Rally Championship official site
 FIA official site

Constructors' champions
rally
Rally
Kohas

Kohas AG was a Swiss metal fabrication company established in the late 1980s.

On 30 March 2006, the company and the company president were added to the list of designees supporting the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by the United States.
According to the US, nearly half of the company's shares are held by Korea Ryongwang Trading Corporation(조선영광무역회사), a subsidiary of the Korea Ryonbong General Corporation.

Kohas was declared bankrupt on 12 January 2021 by the civil court of Sarine, in Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

See also
Foreign relations of North Korea
List of Swiss companies

Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Economy of North Korea
Mizizios

Mizizios or Mezezius (; , Mžēž or Mzhezh) was an Armenian noble who served as a general of Byzantium, later usurping the Byzantine throne in Sicily from 668 to 669.

Origin and early career 
According to the Byzantine chroniclers, Mizizios was an Armenian, and "exceedingly handsome and beautiful". According to Cyril Toumanoff, he descended from the princely Gnuni family. In a letter supposedly written by Pope Gregory II to the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–741 A.D), he is referred to as komes of the Opsikion ()—at that time not yet a province, but rather the emperor's personal military retinue and field army. The 12th-century Syriac chronicle of Michael the Syrian, and the so-called Chronicle of 1234, also accord him the rank of patrikios.

Usurpation and death 
Mizizios accompanied Emperor Constans II (r. 641–668 A.D) in his Italian and Sicilian expedition. When Constans was murdered in Syracuse, Sicily, in 668 A.D, Mizizios was proclaimed emperor against his will. However, according to the supposed letter of Pope Gregory II, the Sicilian bishops had pushed him to rebellion, because Constans had been a heretic for his support of Monothelitism. Michael the Syrian implies that the rebellion lasted about seven months before it was suppressed, but the sources, and modern scholars, are divided in how that came about: Theophanes the Confessor reports that Constans' son, Constantine IV (r. 668–685 A.D), personally led an expedition to Sicily, where he had Mizizios and his father's murderers executed, while the Liber pontificalis reports that loyalist troops from Italy and the Exarchate of Africa suppressed the revolt, executed Mizizios, and sent his severed head to Constantinople.

Mizizios had one son, John, who remained on Sicily after his father's execution. According to Michael the Syrian, in ca. 678 A.D, he too rebelled against Constantine IV, and also lasted for seven months before the emperor arrived in Sicily and defeated and killed him.

Footnotes

References

Sources

External links 
 

669 deaths
7th-century Armenian people
7th-century Byzantine people
Byzantine generals
Byzantine usurpers
Byzantine Sicily
7th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire
Patricii
Barbara Janke

Barbara Lilian Janke, Baroness Janke (born 5 June 1947) is a British former teacher and politician. She was the Liberal Democrat leader of Bristol City Council from 2005 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2012. She was first elected councillor for Clifton ward in 1995. She became leader of the Liberal Democrat group in 1997, with a break from 2007 to 2008. In August 2014 Cllr Janke was named as one of six new Liberal Democrat working peers.

Early life
Janke was born in Liverpool on 5 June 1947.

Career
Janke formerly taught economics and modern languages in London.

Political career
She first became active in politics while in Scotland, before becoming a councillor and then deputy Leader in Kingston upon Thames Council in the early '90s.

Janke stood unsuccessfully as the Liberal Democrat candidate for the Surbiton Constituency at the 1992 General Election, losing to the Conservative Party candidate Richard Tracey.

In 1995, she was elected councillor for Clifton ward in Bristol City Council. She succeeded Stephen Williams as leader of the Liberal Democrat group in 1997. In 2007, she was replaced by Steve Comer. However, she replaced him as leader in 2008.

Janke became the first non-Labour leader of Bristol City Council for many decades after the 2003 elections when she led an all-party administration after the Council went into no overall control. This arrangement collapsed in late 2004 when the Labour group withdrew and took minority control as the largest party. At the 2005 elections the Liberal Democrat party became the largest party and took minority control of the Council under Janke as Leader until 2007, when a combined vote of Labour and Conservatives voted them out. In February 2009, she returned to the position of leader of Bristol City Council, following the resignation of the Labour cabinet. She stood down as leader in May 2012 as she approached her 65th birthday, but remained a member of the council.

On 24 September 2014 Janke was created a life peeress taking the title Baroness Janke, of Clifton in the City and County of Bristol.

References

External links
Bristol City Council
Bristol Liberal Democrats

1947 births
Living people
Liberal Democrats (UK) councillors
Councillors in Bristol
Councillors in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames
Politicians from Liverpool
Liberal Democrats (UK) life peers
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
Liberal Democrats (UK) parliamentary candidates
Leaders of local authorities of England
Women councillors in England
Worrorran languages

The Worrorran (Wororan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Western Australia.

The Worrorran languages fall into three dialect clusters:
the Northern Worrorran group, known as Wunambal and related dialects
the Eastern Worrorran group, known as Ngarinyin,  Ungarinyin, and related dialects
the Western Worrorran group, known as Worrorra, and related dialects

In addition, Gulunggulu is unattested but presumably a Worrorran lect.

Validity

There has been debate over whether the Worrorran languages are demonstrably related to one another, or constitute a geographical language group.

Dixon (2002) considers them to be language isolates with no demonstrable relationship other than that of a Sprachbund.

However, more recent literature differs from Dixon:
 Rumsey and McGregor (2009) demonstrate the cohesiveness of the family and its reconstructibility, and;
 Bowern (2011) accepts the Worroorran languages as a family.

Vocabulary
Capell (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Worrorran languages:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! English
! Ungarinyin !! Munumburu !! Woljamidi !! Unggumi !! Worora !! Wunambal (1) !! Wunambal (2) !! Gambre !! Bargu !! Gwiːni
|-
! man
| ,  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! woman
| ,  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! head
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! eye
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! nose
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! mouth
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! tongue
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! stomach
| ,  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ,  ||  || ,  ||  || 
|-
! bone
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! blood
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! kangaroo
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! opossum
| ,  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ,  || ,  || ,  ||  || 
|-
! emu
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! crow
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! fly
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! sun
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! moon
| ,  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ,  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! fire
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! smoke
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
! water
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ,  ||  || 
|}

References

Further reading
  Text may be copied from this source, which is available under an Attribution 4.0 International  (CC BY 4.0) licence.

 
Language families
Non-Pama-Nyungan languages
Indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia
Fanfin

Fanfins or hairy anglerfish are a family, Caulophrynidae, of anglerfishes. They are found in deep, lightless waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.

They are distinguished from other anglerfishes by the lack of the expanded escal bulb — the bioluminescent lure at the end of the illicium — and by their very long dorsal and anal fin rays.

As in other anglerfishes, males are one-tenth the size of females and, after larval and adolescent free-living stages, spend the rest of their lives parasitically attached to a female. The fanfin has a small, spherical body with long protuberances.

References 

Caulophrynidae
Deep sea fish
Giuseppe Castiglione

Giuseppe Castiglione may refer to:

 Giuseppe Castiglione (Jesuit painter) (1688–1766), Italian Jesuit Brother, missionary and court painter in China
 Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908), Italian painter
 Giuseppe Castiglione (politician) (born 1963), Italian politician
Throughflow

In hydrology, throughflow, a subtype of interflow (percolation), is the lateral unsaturated flow of water in the soil zone, typically through a highly permeable geologic unit overlying a less permeable one. Water thus returns to the surface, as return flow, before or on entering a stream or groundwater. Once water infiltrates into the soil, it is still affected by gravity and infiltrates to the water table or if permeability varies laterally travels downslope. Throughflow usually occurs during peak hydrologic events (such as high precipitation). Flow rates are dependent on the hydraulic conductivity of the geologic medium.

References

Hydrology
Physical geography
Soil science
Hydrogeology
Lakka

Lakka or  is a liqueur produced in Finland which derives its flavor from the cloudberry fruit.  The word  means cloudberry in Finnish.

The beverage is produced by soaking the berries in alcohol anywhere between two and six months until sweetened, and is branded by Chymos and Lapponia, both of which are distributed by the Sweden-based V&S Group, best known for its Absolut Vodka product.

External links
 Lapponia official website (Finnish/English)
 Chymos Lakkalikööri webpage (Finnish)

Finnish liqueurs
Darwin Region languages

The Darwin Region languages are a small family of poorly attested Australian Aboriginal languages of northern Australia proposed by linguist Mark Harvey. It unites the pair of Limilngan languages with two language isolates:

Laragiya (nearly extinct)
Limilngan: 
Limilngan †
Wulna †
Umbugarlic: 
Umbugarla †
Ngurmbur?
Bugurnidja?

Ngurmbur and Bugurnidja are poorly attested extinct languages, which are joined with Umbugarla to form the Umbugarlic branch.

Tryon (2007) lists the following varieties of Umbugarla–Ngumbur:
Ngunbudj (Gonbudj), Umbugarla, Bugunidja, Ngarduk, Ngumbur.
However, nothing is known of Ngunbudj or Ngarduk, which were extinct by World War II.

References 

 
Proposed language families
Non-Pama-Nyungan languages
Extinct languages of the Northern Territory
Chenggong Ying

Chenggong Ying ( 180s–220s) was an official serving under the warlord Han Sui during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. After Han Sui's death, Chenggong Ying served under the warlord Cao Cao and later in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

Life
Chenggong Ying was from Jincheng Commandery (), which is around present-day Yuzhong County, Gansu. He became a subordinate and trusted aide of the warlord Han Sui sometime during the reign of Emperor Ling ( 168–189) in the Eastern Han dynasty.

In 211, Han Sui joined Ma Chao and a coalition of warlords in the Guanzhong region to attack Cao Cao, the warlord who controlled the Han central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian. Both sides clashed at the Battle of Tong Pass, which resulted in a victory for Cao Cao. As Han Sui fled after the defeat, many of his men abandoned him but Chenggong Ying remained loyal and stayed with him. After Yan Xing, Han Sui's son-in-law, attempted to murder him, Han Sui felt so disillusioned that he wanted to retreat to Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) and take shelter under the warlord Liu Bei, a rival of Cao Cao. However, Chenggong Ying strongly objected as he felt that Han Sui should not simply abandon the power base he had built up over the years and become a vassal of another warlord. He urged Han Sui to take shelter under the Qiang tribes and wait for an opportunity to rise up again.

After Han Sui's death in 215, Chenggong Ying pledged allegiance to Cao Cao, who appointed him as a Military Adviser () and awarded him the title of a marquis. One day, when Chenggong Ying accompanied Cao Cao on a hunting excursion, he fired three consecutive arrows and shot down three deers. Cao Cao then asked him, "You were able to fulfil your loyalty towards Han Sui, so can you do the same with me?" Chenggong Ying knelt down and replied, "In all honesty, if Han Sui were still alive today, I wouldn't be here with you." He then shed tears. Cao Cao admired him for his loyalty towards his previous lord and treated him respectfully.

Chenggong Ying continued serving in the state of Cao Wei, established by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period after the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. During this time, he served as an Army Adviser () under Zhang Ji, the Inspector of Liang Province, and accompanied him on a campaign against the Lushuihu (盧水胡; Lushui barbarians) in Liang Province. He died of illness in an unknown year.

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

General references

 

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Government officials under Cao Cao
People from Lanzhou
Virtual console

A virtual console (VC) – also known as a virtual terminal (VT) – is a conceptual combination of the keyboard and display for a computer user interface. It is a feature of some Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, BSD, illumos, UnixWare, and macOS in which the system console of the computer can be used to switch between multiple virtual consoles to access unrelated user interfaces. Virtual consoles date back at least to Xenix and Concurrent CP/M in the 1980s.

In the Linux console and other platforms, usually the first six virtual consoles provide a text terminal with a login prompt to a Unix shell. The graphical X Window System traditionally starts in the seventh virtual console (tty7), although this is configuration dependent.
In Linux, the user switches between them by pressing the Alt key combined with a function key – for example  +  to access the virtual console number 1.  +  changes to the previous virtual console and  +  to the next virtual console. To switch from the X Window System or a Wayland compositor,  +  +  works. (Note that users can redefine these default key combinations.)

If several sessions of the X Window System are required to run in parallel, such as in the case of fast user switching or when debugging X programs on a separate X server, each X session usually runs in a separate virtual console.

Implementation details

Unix systems
Unix workstations, such as those manufactured by Sun or Silicon Graphics, did not include virtual consoles. The only purpose of a console would be to fix the system so that the graphical environment could start.

Sun Niagara-based servers running virtualization with Logical Domains get virtual console services from the Control domain.

See also
 Virtual desktop, works similar to a virtual console, but operates on graphical desktops instead of a command prompt
 System console for the non-virtual console
 Text terminal for the textual interface in general
 Pseudo terminal for even more virtual consoles
 Terminal emulator for an application program that has the same function as a textual virtual console

Notes

References
 FreeBSD Handbook, chapter 3.2 Virtual Consoles and Terminals

External links
 The Linux keyboard and console HOWTO
 Linux command chvt to switch vt from cmdline 
 XENIX -- Microsoft's Short-lived Love Affair with Unix

Computer terminals
Terminal multiplexers
User interfaces
Jarrakan languages

The Jarrakan (formerly Djeragan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. The name is derived from the word , which means "language" in Kija.

The three main Jarrakan languages are:
Kija (about 160 speakers)
Miriwoongic
Miriwoong (about 150 speakers)
Gajirrawoong (three or four speakers)

These are divided into two groups: Kijic, consisting of only Kija, and Miriwoongic, consisting of Miriwoong and Gajirrawoong; Dixon (2002) considers the latter to be a single language.

Doolboong may also have been a Jarrakan language, but this uncertain as it is extinct and essentially unattested.

Vocabulary
Capell (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! English
! Gidja !! Guluwarin !! Miriwun !! Gadjerong
|-
! man
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! woman
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! head
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! eye
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! nose
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! mouth
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! tongue
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! stomach
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! bone
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! blood
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! kangaroo
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! opossum
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! emu
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! crow
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! fly
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! sun
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! moon
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! fire
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! smoke
|  ||  ||  || 
|-
! water
|  ||  ||  || 
|}

References

 
Language families

Non-Pama-Nyungan languages
Indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia
Dominique Perben

Dominique Perben (born 11 August 1945) is a French politician. Born in Lyon, he was French Minister of Transportation from 2005 to 2007. He was previously Minister of Justice (2002–05), Minister of Civil Service and Administration (1995–1997) and Minister of Overseas France (1993–1995).

Perben has been a Deputy (or MP) in the National Assembly for the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire from 1986 to 2003. He has been Mayor of Chalon-sur-Saône from 1989 to 2003.

He was a candidate for mayor in Lyon in 2008. Following his defeat against the incumbent socialist mayor Gerard Collomb, he announced in 2010 that he would remove himself from politics and rejoin his previous career as a lawyer.

Political career

Governmental functions

Minister of Departments and Overseas territories : 1993–1995.

Minister of Public Service, Reform of the State and Decentralization : 1995–1997.

Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice : 2002–2005.

Minister of Transport, Infrastructure, Tourism and Sea : 2005–2007.

Electoral mandates

National Assembly of France

Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône (departement) : 2007–2012.

Member of the National Assembly of France for Saône-et-Loire : 1986–1993 (Became minister in 1993) / 1997–2002 (Became minister in 2002). Elected in 1986, reelected in 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002.

Regional Council

Regional councillor of Bourgogne : 1992–1993 (Resignation).

General Council

Vice-president of the General Council of Rhône (departement) : Since 2004.

General councillor of Rhône (departement) : Since 2004.

Vice-president of the General Council of Saône-et-Loire : 1985–1988 (Resignation).

General councillor of Saône-et-Loire : 1985–1988 (Resignation).

Municipal Council

Mayor of Chalon-sur-Saône : 1983–2002 (Resignation).

Deputy-mayor of Chalon-sur-Saône : 2002–2003 (Resignation).

Municipal councillor of Chalon-sur-Saône : 1983–2003 (Resignation).

External links
Personal website

1945 births
Living people
Politicians from Lyon
French Ministers of Justice
Transport ministers of France
French Ministers of Civil Service
Sciences Po alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire