alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
James' Journey to Jerusalem

James' Journey to Jerusalem ()  is a 2003 Israeli film directed by Ra'anan Alexandrowicz and produced by Renen Schorr.

Plot 
The film's plot focuses on an African teenager named James (Siyabonga Melongisi Shibe), who goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land on behalf of his village. Upon arriving in Israel, James is suspected to be an illegal foreign worker and, as a result,  is arrested. Shimi (Salim Daw), a contractor of foreign workers, releases him on bail to work with him. After James explains to him that he did not travel to Israel to work, Shimi clarifies to him that since he paid for his release, James now owes him. Therefore, James is forced to interrupt his journey and begin working for Shimi.

Shimi tries to gain a profit at James' expense and makes him work for other people as well. Shimi's wife sees him as a kind of an amusement.

Salah, Shimi's father, soon discovers that James is exceptionally lucky rolling dice and he decides to exploit this in order to win in backgammon games against his friends. James hopes to pay his debt to Shimi so that he can finally reach Jerusalem, but as time passes he learns how to conduct with the locals. Salah keeps telling good-hearted and guileless James "Don't be a frayer (sucker)", and eventually James ceases to be one: he starts managing his foreign worker friends, and soon he becomes a cheap labor contractor himself, just like Shimi. James buys himself nice clothes, a mobile phone and a TV. As a result, he forgets about the pilgrimage.

Eventually James remembers the original reason for which he arrived in Israel, but it is already too late – he is arrested by the immigration police and transferred to an Israeli prison. The prison is located in the Russian Compound in Jerusalem, and so as he is handcuffed, James finally gets to see the city for which his village prays to.

Film history
Alexandrowicz said that the plot was inspired by a true history of a Nigerian man he knew, who came to Israel on a tourist visa and became an illegal worker. He changed the nationality of James to Zulu intending for James to be from the place most remote from Western culture values. Accordingly, he picked the actor, Siyabonga Shibe, from South Africa.

The situation described in the film is quite uncommon, but legally possible: after an arrest for an illegal stay in Israel, a person is either deported or someone may post a bail and give a work permit.

Cast

References

External links

2003 films
2000s Hebrew-language films
Zulu-language films
2003 drama films
Israeli drama films
Films about immigration
2003 multilingual films
Israeli multilingual films
2000s English-language films
Sardar (Sherpa)

A Sardar or Sirdar is a Sherpa mountain guide who manages all the other Sherpas in a climbing expedition or trekking group; Sirdar is the most common spelling used in the majority of English-language mountaineering literature. The Sirdar is typically the most experienced guide and can usually speak English fluently. The Sirdar's responsibilities include:

 assigning responsibilities to the other guides
 hiring and paying local porters
 purchasing local food during the trek/expedition
 making the final decision regarding route choices
 handling other trip logistics such as dealing with government officials or police.

The normal progression to Sirdar usually involves starting as a porter, working their way up to being a kitchen assistant, on to an assistant guide and then finally to Sirdar. Sirdars do not normally carry loads but will do so on occasion such as carrying the pack of a client who is having difficulties from altitude sickness. The appellation is sometimes qualified with expeditions having an overall Sirdar but with other individuals in subsidiary roles such as base-camp sirdar and ice-fall sirdar.

See also
List of Mount Everest guides

References

Mountain guides
Treaty of Buchach

The Treaty of Buchach was signed on 18 October 1672 in Buczacz (now Buchach, Ukraine) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had been unable to raise a suitable army, on the one side  and the Ottoman Empire on the other side, ending the first phase of the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676).
 
Under the treaty Poland:
 ceded territory of Podolian Voivodeship to the Ottomans 
 agreed to pay a yearly tribute of 22,000 Thaler
 ceded territory of Bratslav Voivodeship and southern Kiev Voivodeship to the Cossack Hetmanate (Ottoman Ukraine), which fought alongside the Ottomans under Petro Doroshenko.

The hostilities would resume already in the spring of 1673 as the Sejm never ratified the treaty. In 1676 it was revised with the Treaty of Żurawno (today in Zhuravne, Stryi Raion).

See also
The Ruin (Ukrainian history)#List of treaties

References

Bibliography

External links
 Treaty of Buchach at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine

Buchach
Buczacz
Islam in Poland
1672 treaties
Buchach
1672 in Europe
Buchach
1672 in the Ottoman Empire
1672 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Density gradient

Density gradient is a spatial variation in density over an area. The term is used in the natural sciences to describe varying density of matter, but can apply to any quantity whose density can be measured.

Aerodynamics
In the study of supersonic flight, Schlieren photography observes the density gradient of air as it interacts with aircraft.

Also in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Density gradient is used to observe the acoustic waves, shock waves or expansion waves in the flow field.

Water
A steep density gradient in a body of water can have the effect of trapping energy and preventing convection, such a gradient is employed in solar ponds. In the case of salt water, sharp gradients can lead to stratification of different concentrations of salinity. This is called a Halocline.

Biology
In the life sciences, a special technique called density gradient separation is used for isolating and purifying cells, viruses and subcellular particles. Variations of this include Isopycnic centrifugation, Differential centrifugation, and Sucrose gradient centrifugation. A blood donation technique called Pheresis involves density gradient separation.

Geophysics

The understanding of what is at the centre of the earth, the earth core, requires the framework of density gradients in which elements and compounds then interact. The existence of a fast breeder nuclear reactor system at the core of the earth is one theory by reason of density gradient. 

A popular model for the density gradient of Earth is one given by the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) that is based on the observed oscillations of the planet and the travel times of thousands of seismic waves.

Several models for density gradient have been built on the basis of PREM but they acknowledge that the "distribution of density as a function of position within the Earth is much less well constrained than the seismic velocities. The primary information comes from the mass and moment of inertia of the Earth and this information alone requires that there be a concentration of mass towards the centre of the globe. Additional information is to be found in the frequencies of the graver normal modes of the Earth which are sensitive to density through self-gravitation effects induced in deformation".

Urban Economics
In the study of population, the density gradient can refer to the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.

References

Density
Spatial gradient
40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment

The 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment (40 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army from 1938 until 1956. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps.

It was originally formed by converting the 7th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), a Territorial Army infantry battalion that recruited mainly in the Bootle area, to a tank unit.

Equipped with Vickers Valentine tanks, the regiment served with the 23rd Armoured Brigade in North Africa. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel J.L. Finigan it fought at El Alamein and acquired the nickname "Monty's Foxhounds" during the long pursuit of the Afrika Korps and the Italian Army across Egypt and Libya and into Tunisia. It later served in the Italian Campaign and then in Greece during the Greek Civil War.

The Regiment was placed in suspended animation in mid-1946, and then reconstituted at Liverpool as an armoured regiment of the Territorial Army in 1947. In recognition of its services in North Africa, Vickers Engineering presented Colonel Finigan with a silver model of the Valentine which still serves as a centrepiece when former officers of the Regiment and its successor dine formally together. In 1956, the Regiment amalgamated with the 41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment to form the 40th/41st Royal Tank Regiment.

References

External links
Royal Tank Regiment 1946-2005 (PDF)

4-040 The King's Royal Tank Regiment
King's Regiment (Liverpool)
Military units and formations in Lancashire
Military units and formations in Liverpool
Military units and formations established in 1938
Military units and formations disestablished in 1956
National Organisations of Free Trade Unions

The National Organisations of Free Trade Unions (ONSL) is a trade union centre in Burkina Faso. It was founded in 1960, evolving out of the Confédération africaine des syndicats libres (CASL). It was initially named Union nationale des travailleurs de la Haute-Volta (UNTHV), adopting the name Organisation voltaïque des syndicats libres in 1964.

The ONSL is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

1960 establishments in Upper Volta
International Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions in Burkina Faso
Trade unions established in 1960
Alessandro Moscardi

Alessandro Moscardi (born 26 March 1969) is a former Italian rugby union player. He played as a hooker.

Moscardi was born in Rovigo, Veneto. He played for Rugby Rovigo Delta, from 1988/89 to 1995/96, where he won the Italian Championship, in 1989/90. He moved to Benetton Rugby Treviso, where he played from 1996/97 to 2002/03. He won five Italian Championship titles, in 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99, 2001/01 and 2002/03, and the Cup of Italy, in 1997/98. He spent his final season, as an amateur, at Conigliano, in 2003/04, finishing his player career afterwards.

He had 44 caps for Italy, from 1993 to 2002, including 17 as captain, scoring 6 tries, 30 points on aggregate. He had his first cap at the 33-11 win over Portugal, at 17 April 1993, in Coimbra, for the 1992–93 FIRA Preliminary Tournament. He was called for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games and scoring a try. In the Autumn of 2000 he was made captain by coach Brad Johnstone. He played in three Six Nations Championship competitions, from 2000 to 2002, without scoring. His last cap was at the 2002 Six Nations Championship, in the 45-9 loss to England, at 7 April 2002, in Rome, aged 33 years old.

References

1969 births
Living people
People from Rovigo
Italian rugby union players
Benetton Rugby players
Rugby Rovigo Delta players
Rugby union hookers
Italy international rugby union players
Sportspeople from the Province of Rovigo
1999 Rugby World Cup players
American Line

The American Line was a shipping company founded in 1871 and based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  It began as part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, although the railroad got out of the shipping business soon after founding the company. In 1902, it became part of the International Navigation Co., with the American Line generally handling traffic between the United States ports of Philadelphia and New York City and the British ports of Liverpool and Southampton. Sister company Red Star Line handled traffic between America and the European continent, primarily through Antwerp, Belgium. The company's most prominent president was Clement Griscom, who led the company from 1888 to 1902 and worked as a company executive for its entire existence. During its existence, the company was the largest American shipping company, rivalled only by the smaller, Baltimore-based Atlantic Transport Lines, although this distinction is a marginal one, as all American oceanic shipping concerns were dwarfed by British companies such as the  White Star Line or Cunard Line and German ones such as HAPAG.

The company became much larger when it bought out the Inman Line in 1886. In 1902, Griscom decided to merge his company with several other lines to create the International Mercantile Marine Company. The American name continued to exist under the IMM banner, but it was not until the trust's failure in 1932 that the American pieces of the combine were once again solely under the American flag, this time in the guise of United States Lines.

Ships
, chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1898 for seven voyages

 (also sailed as USS Yale, SS Philadelphia, and USS Harrisburg)
, chartered to the Red Star Line 1901–1902 for four voyages
, Haverford's sister ship, torpedoed and sunk in 1915 while acting as a decoy "battlecruiser"
, chartered to the Red Star Line 1886–1897
, chartered to the Red Star Line 1889
, chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1903
, purchased from the Red Star Line in 1923, then sold to Panama Pacific Line
, chartered from American Line 1887–1897
Pittsburgh,  chartered to the Red Star Line 1925–1926. Sold to the RSL 1926 and renamed Pennland, sold to Bernstein Red Star Line, Hamburg 1935

, chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1903

References

General references

Flayhart, William Henry III (2000).  The American Line 1871-1902 (New York, W.W. Norton & Co.),

External links 

 American Line History and Ephemera GG Archives

Defunct shipping companies of the United States
Companies based in Philadelphia
Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania
41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment

The 41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment (41 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army from 1938 until 1956. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps.

It was originally formed before World War II by the conversion of the 10th Battalion, Manchester Regiment, a Territorial Army infantry battalion, to a tank unit. As part of the 24th Armoured Brigade, it took part in the Second Battle of El Alamein, but then shared the fate of the rest of its brigade, being dispersed to provide replacements for other units. In 1947, the Regiment was re-formed. They were among the troops inspected by Elizabeth II during her visit in 1954. In 1956, it amalgamated with the 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment to form the 40th/41st Royal Tank Regiment.

References

External links
Merseyside RTR (Brian Gill's website)

4-041 Oldham Royal Tank Regiment
History of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Sirdar

The rank of Sirdar () – a variant of Sardar – was assigned to the British Commander-in-Chief of the British-controlled Egyptian Army in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Sirdar resided at the Sirdaria, a three-block-long property in Zamalek which was also the home of British military intelligence in Egypt.

List of officeholders

References

Military ranks of Egypt
Military history of Egypt
Military history of the British Empire
SS Zachary Taylor

SS Zachary Taylor (MC contract 244) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Zachary Taylor, the twelfth President of the United States.

The ship was laid down by Permanente Metals in their Richmond Yard #2 on 6 October 1941, then launched on 28 February 1942. After the war she went on to suffer the same fate as most of the other surviving Liberty ships: she was scrapped in 1961.

After the end of World War II, Zachary Taylor was used to bring displaced European immigrants (mostly Jews) to New York City..  She docked at Brooklyn, New York at the Brooklyn Army Terminal on 19 September 1949.

See also

Convoy UGS-40

References 

Liberty ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
1942 ships
Fortune Head

Fortune Head is a headland located about  from the town of Fortune on the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland.

A  thick section of rock along its cliffs is designated the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (or GSSP) representing the boundary between the Precambrian era and the Cambrian period,  million years ago. Fortune Head was selected in 1992 over similar rock sections in Siberia, Russia, and Meischucum, China. because of its accessibility and abundance of fossils.

Fortune Head Ecological Reserve
Fortune Head was established as a provisional reserve in 1990, and then given full ecological reserve status in 1992 following Fortune Head’s selection as the global stratotype. The reserve is  in size. The Fortune Head lighthouse, which is operated by the Canadian Coast Guard, is also on the reserve and functions as a visitor center.

Geology

The Burin Peninsula is part of the Avalon Zone of the Appalachian Orogen, the geology of which chronicles the late Precambrian Alleghenian Orogeny. The stratigraphy is not uniform throughout the region, however. The southern end of the peninsula includes a series of mafic pillow lavas, volcanigenic sediments, shales and limestones, collectively known as the Burin Group, as well as a 1500 m thick sill of gabbro about 760 million years old. The northern end of the peninsula is defined by the Marystown Group, primarily carbon-lacking Silica-based sediments which span the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. The sediments were probably deposited in shoreline environments along the former Iapetus Ocean.

The global stratotype at Fortune Head is composed of the uppermost part of member 1 and all of member 2 of the Chapel Island Formation of the Marystown Group. The Chapel Island Formation consists primarily of sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Some of these rocks exhibit mud cracks and stromatolites, suggesting that deposition occurred in tidal or, at deepest, continental shelf environments.

Fossils
The boundary between the Precambrian and Cambrian is demarcated by the presence of trace fossils of Treptichnus pedum, one of the earliest animals. Without any hard anatomical features, Treptichnus is known only by its distinctive burrow pattern, which can be seen at Fortune Head.

Fortune Head records the beginning of a period of increasing biological diversity known as the "Cambrian explosion", and it exhibits a number of other Cambrian and Precambrian fossils, including early shell fossils, vendotaenid algae, soft-bodied megafossils, and microfossils. Below Treptichnus, the stratotype at Fortune Head includes traces of the arthropod Monomorphichnus, vertical dwelling burrows from Skolithes and Arenicolites, cnidarian resting burrows from Conichnus and Bergauria, and more intricate feeding burrows from Gyrolithes. More complex fossils appear later.

References

Precambrian paleontological sites of North America
Headlands of Newfoundland and Labrador
Stratigraphy of Canada
Geology of Newfoundland and Labrador
Paleontology in Canada
Paleozoic paleontological sites of North America
Cambrian paleontological sites
Epitheria

Epitherians comprise all the placental mammals except the Xenarthra. They are primarily characterized by having a stirrup-shaped stapes in the middle ear, which allows for passage of a blood vessel. This is in contrast to the column-shaped stapes found in marsupials, monotremes, and xenarthrans. They are also characterized by having a shorter fibula relative to the tibia.

Epitheria like Xenarthra and Afrotheria originated after the K-Pg boundary , with the placental diversification occurring within the first hundred thousand years after the K-Pg event and the first modern placental orders began appearing 2–3 million years later. Epitheres are one of the most successful groups of animals.

The monophyly of Epitheria has been challenged by molecular phylogenetic studies. While preliminary analysis of a set of retroposons shared by both Afrotheria, and Boreoeutheria (presence/absence data) supported the Epitheria clade, more extensive analysis of such transposable element insertions around the time of the divergence of Xenarthra, Afrotheria, and Boreoeutheria strongly support the hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin (trifurcation) of these three superorders of mammals.

Another analysis suggests that the root of this clade lies between the Atlantogenata and Boreoeutheria.

Alternative hypotheses 
Alternative hypotheses place either Atlantogenata and Boreoeutheria, or Afrotheria and Exafroplacentalia (Notolegia) at the base of the tree:

One Bayesian analysis places the root between Atlantogenata and Boreoeutheria.

References

External links 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Obsolete mammal taxa
Pincoya

The Pincoya is, according to local mythology, a female "water spirit" of the Chilotan Seas. The Pincoya is said to have long blond hair, be of incomparable beauty, be cheerful and sensual, and rise from the depths of the sea.

Legends

Naked and pure, she personifies the fertility of marine species. Through her ritual dance she provides the chilote (resident of Chiloé) with an abundance or deficiency of fish and seafood. If she performs her dance facing the sea, it means that these shores will have an abundance of fish.  When she dances facing the mountains, her back to the sea, seafood will be scarce. Chiloean mythology is appreciative of the Pincoya, believed to be good, beautiful and humanitarian. According to other legends, Pincoya is the daughter of Millalobo (king of sea, in chilote mythology) and the human Huenchula. Her sister is the Sirena chilota (a type of Mermaid) and her brother is Pincoy (who also is her husband). The three siblings lead and guide the drowned sailors onto a large phantom ship, the Caleuche, sailing the seas at night around the southern island of Chiloé in southern Chile. The ship appears briefly intact with sounds of a party on board, but quickly vanishes. Myth has it that, once on board, the dead can resume an existence as if they were alive again.

Media
 The Pincoya appears various times in The Luke Coles Book Series by American author Josh Walker. She is first mentioned in Josh Walker's 2014 novel, Luke Coles and the Flower of Chiloe. In Luke Coles and the Forest Assassin she brings the spirits of shipwreck victims to the Caleuche before returning to the ocean. 
 It is also mentioned (along with this article) in Marisha Pessl's Night Film: A Novel.
 The Pincoya is a playable character in the roguelike platform action-adventure game Abyss Odyssey.
 Pincoya is the nickname of Jennifer Galvarini, who is one of the participants of the Chilean version of the reality show "Big Brother" (Gran Hermano, Chilevision, 2023)

Scientific name use
In 2013, the newly discovered Pincoya Storm Petrel (Oceanites pincoyae) was named after Pincoya.

In 2019, star HD 164604 was officially named Pincoya after a poll organized by the NameExoWorlds campaign in Chile, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU.

References

 Martinez Vilches, Oscar, Chiloe Misterioso (in Spanish). Pub. Ediciones de la Voz de Chiloe (circa 1998)

Chilote legendary creatures
Chilote deities
Sea and river goddesses
Water spirits
Female legendary creatures
Confederation of Trade Unions of Burundi

The Confederation of Trade Unions of Burundi (, COSYBU) is the larger of the two national trades union federations active in Burundi. It is distinct from the Trade Union Confederation of Burundi (Confédération syndicale du Burundi, CSB). Both the COSYBU and CSB are affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC).

COSYBU was formed in 1995 when it split from the recently-established CSB. Although separate, the two organisations maintain good relations and frequently collaborate. The COSYBU reformed its structure in 2013 and its confederal governing body includes representatives from its affiliated unions as well as membership from the national provinces.

In total, 31 of the 59 officially recognised trade unions in Burundi are affiliated to the COSYBU. The two largest, representing teachers (STEB) and transport workers (SYPROTAVEBU), together constitute about 75 percent of the confederation's total membership. In total, COSYBU had 53,611 affiliated members in 2014. However, only a minority pay fees to affiliate to the union.

According to ITUC reports, labor rights are frequently violated in Burundi and the right to strike is limited. Most Burundians work in the informal economy and members of certain unions have been harassed for their affiliations. It is estimated that only 1.3 percent of the labour force are members of trade unions. Several collective bargaining agreements are known to be in force for workers within particular sectors covered by the COSYBU.

See also

Federation of Workers of Burundi (FTB), active between 1963–65
Economy of Burundi
Politics of Burundi

References

Bibliography

Trade unions in Burundi
Burundi
Trade unions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Burundi
Jan Commelin

Jan Commelin (23 April 1629 – 19 January 1692), also known as Jan Commelijn, Johannes Commelin or Johannes Commelinus, was a botanist, and was the son of historian Isaac Commelin; his brother Casparus was a bookseller and newspaper publisher. Jan became a professor of botany when many plants were imported from the Cape and Ceylon and a new system had to be developed. As alderman of the city, together with burgomaster Johan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen he led the arrangement of the new botanic garden Hortus Medicus, later becoming Hortus Botanicus. He cultivated exotic plants on his farm 'Zuyderhout' near Haarlem. Commelin amassed a fortune by selling herbs and drugs to apothecaries and hospitals in Amsterdam and other Dutch cities.

Commelin did a great deal of the work in publishing Hortus malabaricus of Rheede, and Nederlandse Flora published in 1683 as well as contributing commentaries to the second and third volumes. He also prepared for publication "Horti Medici Amstelodamensis Rariorum" which appeared in 1697 and dealt mainly with plants from the East and West Indies, and was illustrated mainly by Jan Moninckx and his daughter Maria Moninckx.

His nephew Caspar Commelin (1667-1734) became the director of the Amsterdam botanic garden after Peter Hotton left. Caspar finished the work of his uncle and had it published with the help of Frederik Ruysch.

 In Maarssen there is a Commelinhof. 
 The genus Commelina is named after him.

Works 

 Nederlantze Hesperides (1676) 
 Catalogus plantarum indigenarum Hollandiae (1683)
 Horti medici Amstelodamensis rariorum... (1697-1701)

Sources 
 Wilfrid Blunt: The Art of Botanical Illustration: An Illustrated History. Dover Publications, 1994.  
 Gordon Douglas Rowley: A History of Succulent Plants. Strawberry Press, 1997. 
 D.O. Wijnands (Herausgeber): The Botany of the Commelins. Rotterdam, 1983.

References 

1629 births
1692 deaths
17th-century Dutch botanists
Pre-Linnaean botanists
Scientists from Amsterdam
The International Molinological Society

The International Molinological Society (TIMS) has been active since 1965 and is the only organization dedicated to mills and molinology on a worldwide scale. It brings together more than six hundred members, mostly from Europe and the USA. TIMS is a non-profit organization with cultural and scientific aims. It was founded in 1973 after earlier international meetings (Symposia) in 1965 and 1969. The original initiative for these meetings was taken by the Portuguese Molinologist Dr. João Miguel dos Santos Simões.

External links 
The International Molinological Society (TIMS)

International Molinological
Brad Turner

Brad Turner may refer to:

Brad Turner (director), television director
Brad Turner (ice hockey) (born 1968), former AHL/NHL hockey player
Brad Turner, fictional character in the cartoon series M.A.S.K.
 Brad Turner (musician), Canadian jazz trumpeter
Fara

Fara may refer to:

Places

Italy 

Fara Gera d'Adda, Bergamo, Lombardy
Fara Filiorum Petri, Chieti, Abruzzo
Fara San Martino,  Chieti, Abruzzo
Fara in Sabina, Rieti, Lazio
Fara Novarese, Novara, Piedmont
Fara Olivana con Sola,  Bergamo, Lombardy
Fara Vicentino, Vicenza, Veneto

Rest of Europe 

Fara, Orkney, Scotland
Fara, Bloke, Slovenia
Fara, Kostel, Slovenia
Fara, located in the Municipality of Prevalje, Slovenia

Rest of World 

Fara, Safad, Israel
Fara, Burkina Faso
Shuruppak or Fara, an ancient city in Sumeria
Al Hashimiyya, Jordan; former name of this place

Other
 Fellow of the Archives and Records Association (FARA)
Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft
Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance
 Fara (film), a 1999 Russian film
 Fara Rotuman Christmas festival
 FARA 83, an Argentine assault rifle
Foreign Agents Registration Act
Saint Fara
Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

See also
 Farra (disambiguation)
 Farah (disambiguation)
 Faras (disambiguation)
Soliman

Soliman an alternative to Suleiman may refer to:

People

Given name 
 Soliman Kenawy, Egyptian journalist

Surname 
 Soliman (surname)

Places 
 Soliman, Tunisia, located in the Nabeul Governorate

See also
 Sulaiman Mountains
 Sulaiman (disambiguation), another transliteration of the Arabic name sometimes rendered as Soliman
 Suleiman, another transliteration of the Arabic name sometimes rendered as Soliman
 Suleman (disambiguation), another transliteration of the Arabic name sometimes rendered as Soliman
 Solomon (disambiguation), another transliteration of the Arabic name sometimes rendered as Soliman

Egyptian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Intercavernous sinuses

The intercavernous sinuses are two in number, an anterior  and a posterior,  and connect the two cavernous sinuses across the middle line. 

The anterior passes in front of the hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland), the posterior behind it, and they form with the cavernous sinuses a venous circle (circular sinus) around the hypophysis.

The anterior one is usually the larger of the two, and one or other is occasionally absent.

References

See also
 Dural venous sinuses

Veins of the head and neck
North Carolina Highway 86

North Carolina Highway 86 (NC 86) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina that runs north and south through Orange and Caswell Counties from Chapel Hill to the Virginia state line at Danville, Virginia. The highway primarily links the towns of Chapel Hill, Hillsborough, and Yanceyville, along with providing a route between Chapel Hill and Virginia. Between Chapel Hill and Hillsborough, NC 86 parallels and serves as an alternative to I-40.

Route description

From NC 86's southern terminus at US 15/US 501/NC 54 Bypass (Fordham Boulevard) in Chapel Hill, the highway passes through the town's center and the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Exiting Chapel Hill, the highway intersects I-40 before crossing into rural Orange County. As NC 86 reaches Hillsborough, it meets I-85 and then passes through Hillsborough's downtown. Further north, 86 meets the southern terminus of NC 57. NC 86 briefly joins NC 49 as they cross the Caswell County line.

Entering the small community of Prospect Hill, NC 86 splits from NC 49 and travels north toward Yanceyville. Just outside Yanceyville, NC 86 joins US 158 and crosses NC 62. After passing through central Yanceyville, US 158 splits west while NC 86 continues north to the state line, where the route continues as State Route 86 and travels into Danville, Virginia.

History
Prior to 1940, this was numbered as NC 14. It was renumbered to match up with Virginia's Route 86. Simultaneous with that change, the old NC 65 was renumbered as NC 14.

Old North Carolina Highway 86, (sometimes referred to as Old 86), is a highway that parallels NC 86. Heading from NC 54 near Carrboro, it follows northwest to Homestead/Dairyland Road near the unincorporated community of Calvander, it heads north paralleling I-40 until the intersection at exit 261. Then intersecting I-85, at exit 164, it ends at the intersection with US 70 Business, and NC 86. The highway was moved to the more heavily traveled corridor between Chapel Hill and Hillsborough in the 1950s.

Major intersections

Special routes

Hillsborough truck route

North Carolina Highway 86 Truck (NC 86 Truck) is a bypass route for truck drivers that are traveling through the city of Hillsborough. This  route goes west around the entire city, via I-85 (between exits 165 and 160), I-85 Connector and US 70. The routing is well marked throughout and there are warning signs for truck drivers, including "tolerance ends," for that continue through the city.

References

External links

 NCRoads.com: N.C. 86

086
Transportation in Orange County, North Carolina
Transportation in Caswell County, North Carolina
Solid Geometry (film)

Solid Geometry is a 2002 short TV film directed by Denis Lawson and starring his nephew Ewan McGregor and Ruth Millar. It is based on a short story by Ian McEwan published in collection First Love, Last Rites. It was made for the Scottish Television/Grampian Television New Found Land series, first shown by them on 3 October 2002. Co-financed by Channel 4, it was subsequently shown by them on 28 November 2002. Production on an earlier BBC adaptation was halted at a late stage in 1979.

Plot
Phil (McGregor) is a successful advertising executive and Maisie (Millar) is his young and hedonistic wife, but their lives are thrown into turmoil when Phil inherits his great-great grandfather's secret diaries. He becomes obsessed with research into solid geometry contained in the diaries and is fascinated by the theory of "a plane without a surface."  His pursuit of this mythical geometric concept tears his marriage apart. The film is interspersed with flashbacks showing Phil's great-great grandfather discovering the same mysteries of the supernatural side of geometry as Phil is uncovering by reading the diaries.

Eventually Phil follows the instructions buried in the diaries and begins carefully folding a large sheet of paper in on itself like a lotus flower, then the folded paper emits a bright light, folds over itself and disappears. On seeing this, he dedicates his life to understanding more about the diaries and his great-great grandfather's mysterious disappearance.

He goes on to become obsessed with this transformation and the discussion in the book which links it to 'sexual intercourse positions' of which the diary claims there are only 17. After a love-making session with his wife, he proceeds to place another of the paper lotus flowers in the center of her curled body. As she curls into a foetal position unknowingly around the paper flower, she somehow completes the flower folding as had previously been achieved with just the paper. She spins around the paper flower several times and disappears, emitting tones of shock and fear. The film ends with Phil alone in bed.

References

External links

Channel Four Review

2002 films
2002 television films
2000s British films
2002 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s mystery films
British drama short films
Films based on short fiction
Works by Ian McEwan
British drama television films
Donlon

Donlon may refer to:

People 
Alphonsus J. Donlon (1867–1923), American Jesuit priest
 Billy Donlon (born 1977), American college basketball coach
 Chris Donlon (born 1977), Australian rules football field umpire
 Denise Donlon (born 1956), Canadian executive, television producer, television host
 Dolores Donlon (1920–2012), American model and actress
 J.P. Donlon, Editor-in-Chief of Chief Executive magazine
 Marguerite Donlon (born 1966), Irish dancer, choreographer and ballet director
 Mary H. Donlon (1893–1977), American lawyer and politician
 Peter Donlon (1906–1979), American rower
 Roger Donlon (born 1934), retired United States Army officer
 Connor Donlon (born 2011) , child

Places 
 Mary Donlon Hall,  a residence hall located on Cornell North Campus
Free Trade Union of Workers of the Kingdom of Cambodia

The Free Trade Union of Workers of the Kingdom of Cambodia (FTUWKC) is a trade union in Cambodia. It was founded in December, 1996. ICTUR reports that the largest activities of the FTUWKC are in the garment industry.

Chea Vichea, president of the FTUWKC, was murdered in January, 2004.

References

Trade unions in Cambodia
Trade unions established in 1996
Organisations based in Phnom Penh
1996 establishments in Cambodia
Let Me Come Over

Let Me Come Over is the third album by American alternative rock band Buffalo Tom. It was released on March 10, 1992, by RCA Records, Situation Two and Beggars Banquet Records.
The cover art is taken from an issue of National Geographic and shows an Aboriginal Australian stockman.

Track listing
All songs written by Chris Colbourn, Bill Janovitz, and Tom Maginnis.

 "Staples" – 3:35
 "Taillights Fade" – 3:44
 "Mountains of Your Head" – 3:22
 "Mineral" – 4:32
 "Darl" – 2:50
 "Larry" – 5:32
 "Velvet Roof" – 3:55
 "I'm Not There" – 4:06
 "Stymied" – 4:18
 "Porchlight" – 4:09
 "Frozen Lake" – 3:45
 "Saving Grace" – 3:14
 "Crutch" – 4:03

Personnel
Buffalo Tom
Chris Colbourn – bass, vocals
Bill Janovitz – guitar, vocals
Tom Maginnis – drums

Charts

References

Buffalo Tom albums
1992 albums
Albums produced by Paul Q. Kolderie
Albums produced by Sean Slade
Beggars Banquet Records albums
Situation Two albums
Transverse sinuses

The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within the human head, are two areas beneath the brain which allow blood to drain from the back of the head. They run laterally in a groove along the interior surface of the occipital bone. They drain from the confluence of sinuses (by the internal occipital protuberance) to the sigmoid sinuses, which ultimately connect to the internal jugular vein.  See diagram (at right): labeled under the brain as "" (for Latin: sinus transversus).

Structure

The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus.

Each transverse sinus passes lateral and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and lies, in this part of its course, in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli; it then leaves the tentorium and curves downward and medialward (an area sometimes referred to as the sigmoid sinus) to reach the jugular foramen, where it ends in the internal jugular vein.

In its course it rests upon the squama of the occipital, the mastoid angle of the parietal, the mastoid part of the temporal, and, just before its termination, the jugular process of the occipital; the portion which occupies the groove on the mastoid part of the temporal is sometimes termed the sigmoid sinus.

The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center.

On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form.

They receive the blood from the superior petrosal sinuses at the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; they communicate with the veins of the pericranium by means of the mastoid and condyloid emissary veins; and they receive some of the inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë.

The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus.

Additional images

See also
 Dural venous sinuses

References

External links
 Cerebral Venous Sinuses at neuroangio.org

Veins of the head and neck
VPM

VPM may refer to:

 Varying Permeability Model
 Ventral posteromedial nucleus, a nucleus of the thalamus; part of the brain.
 Virginia Payload Module, a weapon system planned for Block 5 of the US Navy's Virginia-class submarine
 Volcanic passive margin
 VPM Media Corporation
 Vranken Pommery Monopole
 Virtual Public Meeting

Radio stations
 VPM-FM, a radio station in Belize
 Three related public radio stations in Virginia
 WBBT-FM, branded as VPM Music,
 WWLB, branded as VPM Music
 WCVE-FM, branded as VPM News
Petrus Houttuyn

Petrus Houttuyn (18 June 1648, Amsterdam – 10 January 1709, Leiden), often cited as Peter Hotton, was a Dutch botanist and medical professor of medicine and botany at Leiden University. As professor of botany, he was ex officio supervisor of the university's botanic garden and was given an official residence and an allowance for foreign correspondence and the exchange of seeds and plants.

He studied medicine in Leiden, obtaining his doctor's degree in 1672. In 1695 he succeeded Paul Hermann as professor of botany at the University of Leiden. Houttuyn was a member of the Leopoldina and a fellow of the Royal Society of London. He was succeeded in turn by Herman Boerhaave.

The genus Hottonia (family Primulaceae) is named in his honor.

Selected works 
 Positiones quaedam medicae, 1672.
 Sermo academicus quo rei herbariae historia et fata adumbrantur, 1695.
 Letter from Petrus Hotton (1648-1709), 1704.
 Bibliotheca Hottoniana: sive Catalogus Librorum, 1709.

References
Horn, W. & Kahle, I. & Friese, G. & Gaedike, R. (1990)Collectiones entomologicae. Eine Kompendium über den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Berlin: Akadademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.
Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Biographie médicale. Bd. 5 Paris, 1822.

1648 births
1709 deaths
17th-century Dutch botanists
Dutch entomologists
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Physicians from Amsterdam
Scientists from Amsterdam
Fellows of the Royal Society
44th Royal Tank Regiment

The 44th Royal Tank Regiment (44 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army, which was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps that saw active service in World War II.

The 44th RTR was formed before World War II in 1938 from the 6th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment. When war was declared on 3 September 1939 44th RTR was in Bristol, attached to 21st Army Tank Brigade at the time, with the 42nd and 48th RTR. The battalion then went to the Middle East in April 1941 and by the time of Operation Crusader, November 1941, 1st Army Tank Brigade, equipped with Valentine tanks, along with 8th and 42nd RTR, supporting 2nd New Zealand Division, contributing to the Divisions stand against the German and Italian armoured attacks on 30 November 1941. It was still part of 1st Army Tank Brigade when the Germans and Italians attacked at Gazala in May 1942 and also in the Cauldron battles of that campaign. It then supported the Australians during the withdraw during the 'Gazala Gallop' and again during the First Battle of El Alamein.

It was then withdrawn from the line for re-equipping although a small number of it troops used mine sweeping Matilda (Scorpion) tanks during the Second Battle of El Alamein. In June 1943, the battalion became part of 4th Armoured Brigade for the invasion of Sicily and the also for the brigade's part in the Italian Campaign. It, with the rest of 4th Armoured Brigade, withdrew from Italy in January 1944 to return to the United Kingdom ready for the Normandy landings, where it arrived on 9 June 1944.

After the Operation Overlord in Normandy, it took part in the break-out and reached the River Scheldt by 9 September 1944. On 17 September it came under the command of the US 101st Airborne Division as part of Operation Market Garden, before returning to the 4th Armoured Brigade. In April 1945 the regiment helped 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division in the capture of Bremen. It then moved via Hamburg to begin its occupational role to Uetersen on 9 May 1945.

The regiment was amalgamated with 50th RTR to form 44th/50th RTR and on 31 October 1956, the new regiment was further amalgamated with the North Somerset Yeomanry, to form the North Somerset Yeomanry/44th Royal Tank Regiment, which has since become the North Somerset and Bristol Yeomanry.

References

Further reading
 A history of the 44th Royal Tank Regiment in the War of 1939-45, by A. G. Brown, K. C. E. Dodwell, F. E. Honniball & G. C. Hopkinson. Brighton: 44th Royal Tank Regiment Association, 1965.

External links
 Brief history ( 2009-10-22)

Royal Tank Regiment
Gloucestershire Regiment
Rodolfo Herrero

Rodolfo Herrero was a Mexican military officer, noteworthy for his participation in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920.  He is generally believed to be the officer responsible for the death of President Venustiano Carranza.

Biography
In early 1920, Herrero was a rebel commander subordinate to General Manuel Pelaez.  However, in March 1920, he surrendered to Carranza's forces under the promise of amnesty and he was allowed to keep his rank of General.

In May 1920, Carranza's government collapsed under pressure from forces supporting Álvaro Obregón.  Carranza and his supporters attempted to flee Mexico City to Veracruz.  At the Aljibes rail station, they were informed that the rail line had been severed and that Veracruz had fallen.  So Carranza proposed to travel on foot north to San Luis Potosí.  It was near the rural village of La Union that Carranza's small party was joined by the forces of Rodolfo Herrero.  Herrero offered to guide and escort Carranza's party through the rugged rural area of northern Puebla.  He escorted the party to the small settlement of Tlaxcalantongo.  Herrero then excused himself by saying he had to attend to a wounded brother Hermilo Herrero, but promised to return.

In the early morning of May 21, 1920, Carranza's party was attacked by soldiers believed to be under the command of the Herrero brothers.  When the dawn came, Carranza was discovered dead from several bullet wounds.

Rodolfo Herrero was ordered to Mexico City for questioning.  Obregón denounced him for murder and treason.  In the Capital, Herrero was questioned at length but not held.  Seven months later, he was confined for a week in the military prison of Santiago Tlaltelolco.  He was stripped of his military rank and cashiered out of the army, but otherwise allowed to go free.

Herrero was subsequently reinstated as a general during the presidency of Obregón, only to be dismissed again during the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas in 1937. His brother Hermilo Herrero joined forces with Francisco "Pancho" Villa. Slowly moving up the ranks and eventually becoming a general for the Villa army. He died of natural causes in 1964. He always denied that Carranza was murdered. He espoused the alternative theory that Carranza after being wounded in the leg, had committed suicide, as stated by several eyewitnesses, including Paulino Fontes, Manuel Aguirre, Pedro gil Farias and Ignacio Suarez. This theory presumes that general Basave y Piña never intended to kill Carranza but to capture him.

Books
Johnson, William Weber, HEROIC MEXICO: The Violent Emergence of a Modern Nation, 1968, pgs 353-355
 Krauze, Enrique, BIOGRAFIA DEL PODER (1910-1940), pgs 260-267

Mexican generals
People of the Mexican Revolution
Assassins of presidents