alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Broom Hill, Greater Victoria

Broom Hill is a hill and eponymous rural neighbourhood in Sooke, British Columbia. Its residential subdivisions surround Broom Hill proper, which is composed of gabbro which rises to an elevation of 283 metres (928 feet). Above the subdivisions, most of the terrain has a forest cover dominated by Douglas-fir.

Trails
At the top of Broom Hill is a swing looking out over Sooke Harbour and the Juan de Fuca Strait. There are three access points to the trail Blanchard Rd, Mountain Heights Dr and Denfield Rd. Map

Hikers and bikers regularly travel the trails, but they are not marked, and cell phone service is weak.

Where Broom Hill Got Its Name
In the 1850's Captain Walter Colquhoun Grant was scouting for new lumber markets in Hawaii when the wife of a Scottish consul gifted him with a packet of Scotch Broom seeds. Grant brought the seeds to his Sooke homestead and planted them in the fertile ground at the bottom of what is now known as Broom Hill.

Now considered an invasive, Scotch Broom can be found growing all along the pacific coastline from Alaska to California.

References

Populated places in the Capital Regional District
Hills of British Columbia
Julia Petta

Julia Buccola Petta (1892 – March 17, 1921) was a housewife who became known following her death as The Italian Bride.  She was the daughter of Filomena Buccola and the wife of Matthew Petta.  She died at the age of 29 in 1921 while giving birth to a stillborn son, Filippo.

Burial

Following her death, Petta was buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery in the Chicago, Illinois suburb of Hillside. Petta was buried in her wedding dress. According to legend, soon after Petta's death, her mother Filomena began experiencing dreams in which Petta was telling her that she was still alive. No contemporary source has been found to back up the legend; according to her great grandchildren, Filomena's nightmares may have started about five years later, when the family moved to Los Angeles. Filomena moved back and forth between Chicago and Los Angeles until her death in 1945.

Six years after Petta's death, Filomena secured permission to have the grave opened and her daughter exhumed.  The coffin was found to have decomposed somewhat, but when it was opened Petta's body was still mostly intact, her son and the arm holding him had decayed.  Her mother took a picture of Petta in her casket, which was placed on the monument and is still there to this day. The exact means by which Filomena secured permission to exhume the body is not known, but it is known that the costs of disinterment and the new monument were paid for, possibly to his own chagrin, by Henry Buccola, Julia's brother. The new monument featured a photo of Petta in her wedding dress and was placed along with a statue of her based on this photo. The photo of Julia after exhumation also appears on the monument. 

Some suggest friction existed between Mrs. Buccola and Julia's husband, Matthew, who remarried around the time of the disinterment; it's notable that Julia's married name appears nowhere on the monument, nor that of her stillborn child (though the name of her mother, who is buried nearby, appears twice).

Why Petta's body had not decayed much following burial has never been explained.  Some have attributed Petta's condition upon being exhumed to her being incorruptible, while others have attributed the condition of her body to the type of soil found in the cemetery. In 1921 embalming chemicals had already been around for decades, so with a proper embalming and the body placed in an air-sealed coffin the corpse's organs will break down at a very slow pace. Observations of non-decayed bodies that have been deceased for years, even decades, is not uncommon. The exhumations of Abraham Lincoln, Solanus Casey and Eva Perón are a few of many famous examples of this.

Today Petta is among the more well-known people buried at Mount Carmel, along with prior Bishops and Archbishops of the Archdiocese of Chicago, and organized crime figures such as Al Capone.

References

1892 births
1921 deaths
Burials at the Bishop's Mausoleum, Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside)
Deaths in childbirth
Scapegoat Hill

Scapegoat Hill is a small village 5 miles (8 km) west of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It is near to the villages of Slaithwaite and Golcar. The village together with nearby Bolster Moor has a population of 1,246.

This Pennine village is 328 metres above sea level at its highest point (near the millennium stone). It is also nearby the Moorside Edge Radio transmitter. 
The first recorded mention is from 1638 in the records of Huddersfield Parish Church  on the death of a child of a William Aneley. At that date, the place was called 'Slipcoat' (or Slippery Coat) Hill. The first record of the name 'Scapegoat Hill' occurs in an Enclosure notice placed in the Leeds Mercury in 1820. Although the first Ordnance Survey map (of 1843) uses the old name, 'Scapegoat Hill' was in regular use after 1820.

The village grew up around the woollen trade, and, in spite of having no mill, continued to grow in size throughout the nineteenth century. In fact, handloom weavers are recorded here as late as 1935.
Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, the village was a very strong centre of baptism  opening a church  as a daughter of the Pole Moor Church 1871 and moving to its present building in 1900.

See also
Listed buildings in Colne Valley (eastern area)

References

Geography of Kirklees
Huddersfield
Colne Valley
Colditz (disambiguation)

Colditz is a city in Saxony, Germany. It is the site of Colditz Castle, founded in 1158 and used as a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II. The camp, Oflag IV-C, is itself often referred to as Colditz.

Colditz may also refer to:

 Colditz Cock, a glider built by British prisoners of war for an escape attempt from Colditz Castle during World War II
 The Colditz Story, a 1955 film starring John Mills and Eric Portman
 Colditz (1972 TV series), a 1972–74 BBC television series
 Escape from Colditz, a board game manufactured by Parker Bros.
 Colditz (audio drama), a 2001 Doctor Who audio drama
 Colditz (2005 TV series), a 2005 two-part television film starring Damian Lewis
Jimmy Wang

Jimmy Wang may refer to:

Jimmy Wang (actor) (born 1943), Taiwanese actor, director, producer, and scriptwriter
Jimmy Wang (tennis) (born 1985), tennis player, who previously played under the name Wang Yeu-tzuoo
Jimmy Wang (journalist), freelance video and film producer

See also
James Wang (disambiguation)
James Wong (disambiguation)
Jimmy Wong (born 1987), American actor and musician
James Yang (born 1981), wrestler who uses the ring name Jimmy Wang Yang
Visiting Gresham Professor

Visiting Professors at Gresham College, Holborn, London, give free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it appointed seven professors; this has since increased to eight and plus the Visiting Professors.

The first visiting professors were appointed in 2000.

Notes

References
 

Professorships at Gresham College
2000 establishments in England
2000 in London
Mounthill

Mounthill is a small village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, near Larne. In the 2011 Census, it had a population of 114 people. It is situated in the Larne Borough Council area.

References

See also 
 List of villages in Northern Ireland
 List of towns in Northern Ireland

Villages in County Antrim
Benny Sapp

Benjamin Lee Sapp II (born January 20, 1981) is a former American football cornerback. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football at Northern Iowa.

Sapp also played for the Miami Dolphins and the Minnesota Vikings.

Early years
Sapp attended Boyd Anderson High School in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and was a student and a letterman in football, wrestling, volleyball, and track and field. In football, as a senior, he was a first-team All-Broward County selection and an All-State Honorable Mention selection. Benny Sapp graduated from Boyd Anderson High School in 2000.

College career
He appeared in 24 games (15 starts) with the Northern Iowa Panthers and 24 games (20 starts) with the Iowa Hawkeyes.  He was removed from the Iowa Hawkeyes squad in 2002 due to charges of violence.  He racked up 78 tackles, six interceptions, 29 passes deflected and four forced fumbles with the Panthers and 104 tackles and three interceptions in two seasons with the Hawkeyes.

Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs
Sapp was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played for them until 2007.

Minnesota Vikings (first stint)
Sapp signed with the Vikings in 2008. In 2008 he stepped in to the Vikings starting nickel rotation after Charles Gordon went down. In 2008, he had 22 tackles along with 2 interceptions. On March 3, 2009, the Vikings re-signed him to a one-year contract. And re-signed him again for a two-year contract on March 9, 2010.

Miami Dolphins
Sapp was traded from the Vikings on August 25, 2010 to the Miami Dolphins for Greg Camarillo. For the Dolphins Sapp recorded 2 interceptions and had 10 pass deflections in 17 games. On September 12, 2011, during a Monday Night Football game against rival New England Patriots, Sapp was stiff-armed by Patriots WR Wes Welker on a 99-yard touchdown pass. The Dolphins cut Sapp the next day.

Minnesota Vikings (second stint)
After CB Antoine Winfield sustained a season-ending injury, Sapp was signed by the Vikings after a work out.

Personal life
Sapp's high school teammate Asante Samuel also has played in the NFL, most recently for the Atlanta Falcons. His son Benny Sapp III played for the Green Bay Packers. 

Sapp is the cousin of former twin cornerbacks, Brandon Dixon and Brian Dixon who also played in the National Football League.

References

External links
Minnesota Vikings bio

1981 births
Living people
Players of American football from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
American football cornerbacks
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Northern Iowa Panthers football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Minnesota Vikings players
Miami Dolphins players
Boyd H. Anderson High School alumni
Lausanne School

The Lausanne School of economics, sometimes referred to as the Mathematical School, refers to the neoclassical economics school of thought surrounding Léon Walras and Vilfredo Pareto. It is named after the University of Lausanne, at which both Walras and Pareto held professorships. Polish economist Leon Winiarski is also said to have been a member of the Lausanne School.

Background 
The term Lausanne School was first coined by the mathematician Hermann Laurent in his article Petit traite d'economie politique mathematique (Small Treatise on Mathematical Political Economy). The central feature of the Lausanne School was its development of general equilibrium theory. Laurent's article presented a simplified version of this theory.

Lausanne School is also associated with the Italian School and the Paretian School, which were based on the works of Pareto. Italian economic historians have adopted Luigi Einaudi's description that the age of the Lausanne School in Italy should be called "Italian school". The school is distinguished from the work of Alfred Marshall by the way it maintains the necessity of considering the interaction of all parts of the economy simultaneously so that the behavior that occurs within any part of it can be understood. Marshall, on the other hand, preferred to solve economic problems using mathematics as the instrument, with the theorist drawing out conclusions instead of coming up with solutions through the process of verbal reasoning.

The Lausanne School attempted to answer the question of whether the welfare of an economy can be measured. Its theorists such as Walras proposed that it can be done through a notion of justice in exchange called "commutative justice", which required all traders to face the same price, which did not change, for a given product. This free competition is said to produce "maximum welfare", allowing for an effective evaluation of questions of welfare. Hans Mayer argued against Lausanne School, citing that its assumptions are unrealistic and that the utility of a good cannot be measured, infinitely divided, nor indefinitely substituted.

Members of the Lausanne School include Basile Samsonoff, Marie Kolabinska, and Pierre Boven, who were all students of Pareto.

References

Further reading
 Gherity, James A. (1965). Economic Thought: a Historical Anthology (article: The Lausanne School, pg. 352-). Ransom House.

External links 
 The Lausanne School ("Walrasians")

Schools of economic thought
Eric Deacon

Eric Cecil Deacon (born 25 May 1950 in Oxford) is an English actor and writer perhaps best known for his role in the 1985 film A Zed & Two Noughts, directed by Peter Greenaway, in which he acted alongside his brother Brian.

He trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art and in repertory theatre. His other film roles include The Sex Thief (1973), It Could Happen to You (1975), À nous les petites Anglaises (1976), and Yesterday's Hero (1979).

He has been very active on television with credits including: Z-Cars, Survivors, Secret Army, Minder, Doctor Who (in the serial Timelash), C.A.T.S. Eyes, Dempsey and Makepeace, The Bill, Prime Suspect, Lovejoy, Casualty, Doctors and London's Burning.

References

External links
 

Living people
1950 births
English male film actors
English male television actors
English television writers
Male actors from Oxford
Writers from Oxford
Mobile Revelers (soccer)

Mobile Revelers were an American soccer team that played in Mobile, Alabama.

Year-by-year

Defunct soccer clubs in Alabama
USISL teams
1995 establishments in Alabama
1997 disestablishments in Alabama
Soccer clubs in Alabama
Association football clubs established in 1995
Association football clubs disestablished in 1997
Mullaghboy

Mullaghboy () is a small village and townland (of 251 acres) on Islandmagee in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Islandmagee and the historic barony of Belfast Lower. It is within the Larne Borough Council area. It had a population of 364 people (148 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 Census: 294 people).

References 

Villages in County Antrim
Townlands of County Antrim
Civil parish of Island Magee
Greg Wesley

Gregory Lashon Wesley (born March 19, 1978) is a former American football safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff and was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft.

Wesley has also been a member of the Oakland Raiders.

College career
He played in 33 games (22 starts) during his collegiate career at the University of Arkansas-Pine Bluff, totaling 121 tackles, nine tackles for a loss, eight interceptions, a fumble recovery, a forced fumble and 21 passes defensed.  Wesley was drafted in the 2000 NFL Draft by Kansas City in the 3rd round of the draft.

Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs
Wesley played eight seasons for the Kansas City Chiefs after being drafted by the team in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft. During that time, he recorded 497 tackles (430 solo), six sacks, 56 defended passes, 11 forced fumbles and 29 interceptions (for 542 yards). In 2007, he lost his starting job with the Chiefs to safety Bernard Pollard.

On July 17, 2008, Wesley was released by the Chiefs.

Oakland Raiders
On July 22, 2008, Wesley signed with the Oakland Raiders, but was released on August 11, before appearing in any games.

NFL statistics

Personal life
Wesley's younger brother, Broderick Green, was a running back at the University of Southern California.  He transferred in Oct. 2008 and joined the University of Arkansas football team in 2009.

References

External links
Oakland Raiders bio

1978 births
Living people
Players of American football from Little Rock, Arkansas
American football safeties
Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Oakland Raiders players
Myrtle Beach Boyz

The Myrtle Beach Boyz were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They were part of the USISL professional soccer league that was the eventually the foundation for Major League Soccer we see today. In addition The A league and other professional soccer leagues help contribute to Major League Soccer with many players from both USISL and A League going on to play in the MLS

The roster included: 
Jimmy McGeough (SUNY Farmingdale) 
Troy "Chopper" Edwards (Florida International University) *USISL Defender of the Year 
Willie Files (Belmont Abbey)
John Garvey (University of Maryland) 
Shawn Dees (UNC Pembroke) 
Marlow Campbell (NC State) 
David Mallick (UNC Pembroke) 
Carlos Garcia (UNC Charlotte)
Gabe Garcia (UNC Charlotte) 
Henry Gutierrez (NC State) 
Kevin Scott (NC State) 
Chris Diaz (Jamaica)
among others....

The head coach was David Irving, who currently coaches for the Tulsa Roughnecks in the USL PRO league, as of 2014.

The team played their homes games at Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium in Myrtle Beach.

The Boyz advanced to the national playoffs in their first season, advancing to the semi-finals.

1995 USISL Atlantic Division[edit]
 Regulation win = 6 points
 Shootout win (SW) = 4 points
 Shootout loss (SL) = 2 points
 Regulation loss = 0 points
 Bonus points (BP): An additional one-point per goal up to a maximum of three points per game.

ATLANTIC DIVISION PLAYOFFS

First Round

8/12/95 Charleston Battery 0-3 Myrtle Beach Boyz

8/12/95 Charlotte Eagles 0-2 Raleigh Flyers

Finals (Best of Three)

8/17/95 Myrtle Beach Boyz 6-1 Raleigh Flyers

8/19/95 Raleigh Flyers 3-1 Myrtle Beach Boyz

The teams played a mini-game immediately after to decide who advanced after finishing the series tied at one game apiece.

8/19/95 Raleigh Flyers 1-2 Myrtle Beach Boyz (Myrtle Beach advances)

SIZZLIN' NINE CHAMPIONSHIP

8/28/95 Myrtle Beach Boyz 3-5 Tampa Bay Cyclones

8/29/95 Milwaukee Rampage 3-2 Tampa Bay Cyclones

8/30/95 Myrtle Beach Boyz 4-2 Milwaukee Rampage (Myrtle Beach advanced to Semi-Finals on goal differential)

SEMI-FINALS

9/2/95 Minnesota Thunder 3-2(ot) Myrtle Beach Boyz

Year-by-year

External links
 1995 USISL Standings

Defunct soccer clubs in South Carolina
USISL teams
1995 establishments in South Carolina
1995 disestablishments in South Carolina
Soccer clubs in South Carolina
Association football clubs disestablished in 1995
Association football clubs established in 1995
Johann Melchior Dinglinger

Johann Melchior Dinglinger (26 December 1664 –6 March 1731) was one of Europe's greatest goldsmiths, whose major works for the elector of Saxony, Augustus the Strong, survived in the Grünes Gewölbe (the "Green Vaults"), Dresden.<ref>Reopened in September 2004 in the Dresden Residenz, as the Neues Grünes Gewölbe.</ref> 
Dinglinger was the last goldsmith to work on the grand scale of Benvenuto Cellini and Wenzel Jamnitzer, fewer of whose large-scale works in precious materials have survived, however. His work carries on in a Mannerist tradition into the "Age of Rococo".

Biography
Dinglinger was born in  Biberach an der Riß (today in Baden-Württemberg). He served his apprenticeship in Ulm, after which he refined his techniques working as a journeyman in Augsburg, Nuremberg and Vienna, three traditional centers of luxury arts. He went to Dresden in 1692, where he spent the rest of his career in the service of Augustus, by whom he was appointed court jeweller in 1698. In the workshop he established, he was assisted by his younger brothers, the enameller Georg Friedrich Dinglinger (1666–1720) and Georg Christoph Dinglinger (1668–1728), who specialized in cutting and setting jewels. The sculptor Balthasar Permoser collaborated as a modeller in Dinglinger's workshops. Dinglinger's sister Sophie was also an artist.

Dinglinger married five times and had twenty-three children, of whom eleven survived to maturity. The famous house he erected in Dresden was burned in the Seven Years' War.  He died in Dresden.

Works

Dinglinger's major works, all for Augustus:

1697–1701 The Golden Coffee Service, which presents the cups and saucers and sugar bowls on an elaborate pyramidal etagère surmounted by the coffeepot, all in enamelled gold, a kabinettstuck unique in Europe. Augustus took the recently completed ensemble with him to Warsaw at Christmas 1701, to dazzle the nobles of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of which he was the nominal ruler.The Birthday of the Grand Mughal Aurangzeb, now on display in Dresden's Green Vault, with 137 modelled enamelled and jewel-encrusted figures of men and animals, which Dinglinger commenced without a specific commission, and sold to the delighted Elector for a spectacular 55,485 thaler. The invasion of Saxony by Charles XII of Sweden made payments difficult and the greater part of the vast sum was owing until 1713.
1704 Dianabad (The "Bath of Diana"), in which a chalcedony bowl in a filigree is supported between the horns of a stag's head.
1722 Obeliscus AugustalisAltar of Apis, an unusual example, for its generation, of Egyptianizing taste
before 1722 Pair of agate standing cups celebrating the election of Augustus as King of Poland, mounted in gold, enamel, parcel gilt silver, and semi-precious stones

References
E. von Watzdorf, 1962. Johann Melchior Dinglinger'' (Berlin)
Johann Melchior Dinglinger on-line
Walters Art Museum: a cup by Dinglinger
 "Hofjuwelier Dinglinger"

Notes

1664 births
1731 deaths
People from Biberach an der Riss
German artists
German goldsmiths
SS Belgic

Four ships of the White Star Line have been named SS Belgic:

  was a cargo steamship launched in 1873, chartered to the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company in 1875, sold and renamed Goefredo in 1883 and wrecked in 1884.
  was a cargo steamship launched in 1885, sold to Atlantic Transport Line in 1899 and renamed Mohawk. She was scrapped in 1903.
 SS Belgic (1902) was launched as the cargo ship Mississippi in 1902 for Atlantic Transport Line and transferred in 1906 to Red Star Line as SS Samland. In 1911 she was transferred to White Star Line and renamed SS Belgic. In 1913 she returned to Red Star Line as SS Samland. She was scrapped in 1931.
  was a passenger liner launched in 1914. She was transferred to Red Star Line in 1923 and renamed . She was transferred to Atlantic Transport Line in 1935 and renamed Columbia. She was scrapped in 1936.

Ship names
Heaven & Hell (Meat Loaf and Bonnie Tyler album)

Heaven & Hell is a compilation album by American singer Meat Loaf and Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. It was released in 1989 by Telstar Records. The majority of songs included on Heaven & Hell were written by Jim Steinman, who wrote some of Meat Loaf and Tyler's biggest hits.

Though the album was not an immediate commercial success, due to steady sales Heaven & Hell was certified platinum by the BPI in 2013.

Background 
Heaven & Hell was first released in 1989 by Telstar following a deal with Epic. It contains fourteen tracks, with selections from Bat Out of Hell, Dead Ringer, Blind Before I Stop and Bad Attitude by Meat Loaf, and Faster Than the Speed of Night and Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire by Bonnie Tyler. Ten of the compilation's tracks were written by Jim Steinman. The original cover art for Heaven & Hell featured two mirrored photographs of Meat Loaf and Tyler performing on stage. In 1993, Columbia reissued the compilation with a new cover art and altered track listing.

In 2011, Sony released another CD pressing of Heaven & Hell as part of their "Girl's Night In X" reissue campaign.

Critical reception 
Thom Jurek of AllMusic described the compilation as "a rather pointless collection of tunes", only that it was "a good idea at the time". He described Steinman's songs as "brilliantly composed" and Meat Loaf's vocals as "wonderfully sung".

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References 

1989 compilation albums
Meat Loaf albums
Bonnie Tyler compilation albums
Myrtle Beach Seadawgs

Myrtle Beach Seadawgs were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.  Their home field was Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium.

The roster included Eric Schmitt, Jimmy May, Willie Files, Ross Moore, Barry Hope, Miguel Calderón, Jeremy Eason, Neil Payne, Gerard Jones, Scott Schweitzer, Warren Russ, Dave Mallick, Michael Parry, Bradley Bennett, Greg Richards, Ryan Walker, Jeff Johnson, Pablo González, Joe Bowman.

In April 1997, the professional female golfer Laura Davies played six minutes for the club in a league game.

Head coaches
  John Farrelly
  David Irving
 Marcelo Neveleff 1999

Year-by-year

References

Defunct soccer clubs in South Carolina
USL Second Division teams
1997 establishments in South Carolina
1999 disestablishments in South Carolina
Soccer clubs in South Carolina
Association football clubs established in 1997
Association football clubs disestablished in 1999
Local Government Act 2000

The Local Government Act 2000 (c.22) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales.  Its principal purposes are:

 to give powers to local authorities to promote economic, social and environmental well-being within their boundaries
 to require local authorities to shift from their traditional committee-based system of decision-making to an executive model, possibly with a directly elected mayor (subject to approval by referendum), and with a cabinet of ruling party group members
 to create a consequent separation of functions with local authorities, with backbench councillors fulfilling an overview and scrutiny role
 to introduce a revised ethical framework for local authorities, requiring the adoption of codes of conduct for elected members and standards committees to implement the codes of conduct; the introduction of a national Standards Board and Adjudication Panel to deal with complaints and to oversee disciplinary issues
 to require each local authority to produce a publicly available constitution

The introduction of directly elected mayors (leaders) was the most radical innovation in the Act. To 2017, 53 referendums have been held, 16 of which have agreed with so resulted in an elected mayor (directly elected leader) option.  The role of all other mayors is a charitable councillor, somewhat as a figurehead, in ceremonial occasions wearing the civic regalia and sometimes as chairman of events, usually co-opted to serve outside of their duties as councillor for one year only, the most powerful example of which is the Lord Mayor of London.  Directly elected mayors resemble the old borough mayors of Great Britain, before reform by corporations and legislation, and some European equivalent empowered figures.

Options for council executive forms
The act, as amended, stipulates that the executive of a local authority must take one of the following forms:

Leader and cabinet executive
Mayor and cabinet executive
Alternative arrangement (Section 31) (referred to as a Section 31 arrangement, most commonly seen in coalitions of political parties)

A mayor and council manager (fourth) option was repealed by the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007.

Changes made by the Localism Act 2011 made it possible for larger authorities (more than 85,000 population) to adopt a committee system of governance.

External links

The Local Government Act 2000, as originally enacted, from the Office of Public Sector Information.
Explanatory notes to the Local Government Act 2000 from the Office of Public Sector Information.

Local government legislation in England and Wales
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2000
Isru chag

Isru Chag () refers to the day after each of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals in Judaism: Pesach, Shavuot and Sukkot.

The phrase originates from the verse in , which states, “Bind the festival offering with cords to the corners of the altar.” This verse, according to the Sages of the Talmud, should homiletically be understood to mean “Whosoever makes an addition to the Festival by eating and drinking is regarded by Scripture as though he had built an altar and offered thereon a sacrifice.”

In a responsum to a community that had inquired as to the rationale behind the observance of Isru Chag, Rabbi Yosef Hayyim (1832–1909), known as the Ben Ish Chai, cited the famous Kabbalist Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534–1572), known as the ARI, to the effect that we [Jews] connect the day after the holiday to the holiday itself due to the remaining “light” of the holiday – in other words, so that the sanctity of the holiday will be extended.

Rabbinic authorities cite observances

Adding a degree of festivity to the day as a practice has further been codified in Ashkenazic communities, as Rabbi Moses Isserles (1520–1572), known as the Rema, has stated in his glosses on the Shulchan Aruch (code of Jewish law) in the section of Orach Chayim:

Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (1838–1933), known as the Chofetz Chaim, ruled that the minhag (custom) is to generally forbid fasting on Isru Chag, except in instances when as a result of great distress the community synagogue decrees it.

Almost all communities omit Tachanun (additional prayers of supplication) on Isru Chag. However, communities that follow the rulings of Maimonides (1135–1204), such as the Dor Daim (a movement founded in 19th century Yemen), maintain that the only days on which Tachanun is to be omitted are Shabbat, Yom Tov, Rosh HaShanah, Rosh Chodesh, Chanukah, Purim, and the Mincha on the eve of any Shabbat and Yom Tov.

See also
 Chol HaMoed, the intermediate days of Passover and Sukkot.
 Mimouna, a traditional North African Jewish celebration held the day after Passover.
 Pesach Sheni, is exactly one month after 14 Nisan.
 Purim Katan is when during a Jewish leap year Purim is celebrated during Adar II so that the 14th of Adar I is then called Purim Katan.
 Shushan Purim falls on Adar 15 and is the day on which Jews in Jerusalem celebrate Purim.
 Yom Kippur Katan is a practice observed by some Jews on the day preceding each Rosh Chodesh or New-Moon Day.
 Yom tov sheni shel galuyot refers to the observance of an extra day of Jewish holidays outside of the land of Israel.

References

External links
What is Isru Chag? 
"Holiday Wrapping"
Isru Chag
The Morning After 
Understanding Isru Chag and Yemei Tashlumin

Hebrew names of Jewish holy days
Minor Jewish holidays
Nisan observances
Passover
Shavuot
Shemini Atzeret
Sukkot
Tishrei observances
Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
Viola lutea

Viola lutea, the mountain pansy, is a species of flowering plant in the Viola genus of the viola family, Violaceae. This evergreen perennial grows in Europe, from the British Isles to the Balkans.

Description
Viola lutea is a compact plant with bright oval green leaves, growing to a height of around . Its flowers are  in diameter, and are typically golden yellow, although some individuals may have blue, purple or blotched flowers instead.

Taxonomy
Viola lutea was first described by William Hudson in his 1762 Flora Anglica.

The Latin specific epithet lutea means “yellow”.

Infraspecifics
V. lutea subsp. lutea is native to central and north-western Europe, from the British Isles to Austria; another subspecies occurs further east, from Hungary to the Balkans.

Two particular infraspecifics are V. lutea subsp. calaminaria which occurs in the southernmost Netherlands and eastern Belgium, and V. lutea var. westfalica, which only occurs at an  extremely small locality near Blankenrode in East Westphalia, Germany. Both taxa have relatively recently evolved to take advantage of the local pollution left over after centuries of mining for metals in these locations. The subspecies calaminaria grows in areas where the mine tailings for zinc ore have been dumped, and the variety westfalica grows on heaps of lead ore waste. Both taxa have managed to become the dominant plant species in their extremely small habitats.

Distribution
Within Great Britain, Viola lutea is found only in upland areas north of a line drawn between the Severn and Humber estuaries; it ranges in altitude from  in Derbyshire to  in Breadalbane. In Ireland, its distribution is more scattered geographically, and ranges vertically from sea level in County Clare to  in the Wicklow Mountains.

Cultivation
Viola lutea is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for a position in full sun or partial shade with rich soil.

It is the main progenitor for the common cultivated garden pansy, V. × wittrockiana. This hybrid was created by gardeners in Britain in the early 19th century.

References

External links

lutea
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1762
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series

The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast (or Ensemble) in a Drama Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest ensemble acting achievements in drama series.

Winners and nominees

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Multiple awards
2 awards
The Crown (consecutive)
Boardwalk Empire (consecutive)
Mad Men (consecutive)
Six Feet Under (consecutive)
The Sopranos
This Is Us (consecutive)
The West Wing (consecutive)

3 awards
Downton Abbey (2 consecutive)

4 awards
ER (consecutive)

Multiple nominations
2 nominations
House of Cards
Picket Fences
This Is Us

3 nominations
24
Better Call Saul
Boston Legal
Breaking Bad
The Good Wife
Grey's Anatomy
Ozark
The Practice
Stranger Things
The X-Files

4 nominations
Chicago Hope
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Dexter
The Handmaid's Tale
Homeland

5 nominations
Boardwalk Empire
The Closer
The Crown
Downton Abbey
Six Feet Under

6 nominations
Mad Men
NYPD Blue
The West Wing

7 nominations
ER
Game of Thrones
The Sopranos

9 nominations
Law & Order

Nominations by network 

 HBO – 31
 NBC – 24
 ABC – 16
 Netflix – 15
 CBS – 14
 AMC – 12
 Showtime – 8
 Fox – 7
 PBS – 5
 TNT – 5
 Hulu – 3
 Apple TV+ – 2
 FX – 1
 Paramount Network – 1

See also
 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series
 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama
 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series

External links 
 SAG Awards official site

Ensemble Drama Series
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Television awards for best cast
Everton water tower

Everton Water Tower is a water tower situated on Margaret Street in Everton, Liverpool. Now surrounded by a modern housing estate it is a Grade II listed building.  The water tower is a well-known landmark dating from 1857 and can be seen from most of Liverpool standing at the top of Everton brow.

Structure
Designed by the Liverpool's first water engineer, Thomas Duncan, it is all that is visible of the     deep water service reservoir. The masonry hides a cast iron tank  above ground level.

The tower consists of 3 stages. The first stage is made up of an arcade of 12 arches in a rusticated style. The second stage also consists of a 12 arch arcade with each arch having an impost band and keystone and a top bracketed cornice. The final stage is recessed and contains the water tank with iron supporting brackets.

History
The building was placed up for sale by owner, United Utilities, in July 2018 as they maintained the structure no longer had any operational use and had not been used for the storage or distribution of water for "many years." The tower was taken off sale later in the month when it was revealed that United Utilities had been approached by a charity with a proposal for the future use of the site. Despite the proposals, nothing came of them and in February 2019 the building was auctioned and sold for £70,000. Despite putting in planning permission for building apartments and replacing the roof with a glazed structure, no development work was undertaken and the building was put up for auction again in 2023.

See also
Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool-L6

References

External links

Everton Water Tower at Night

Towers completed in 1864
Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool
Water towers in the United Kingdom
Robin Wilson

Robin Wilson may refer to:
R. N. D. Wilson (1899–1953), Irish poet
Robin Wilson (author) (1928–2013), science fiction author
Robin Wilson (mathematician) (born 1943), head of pure mathematics at the Open University, UK
Robin Wilson (field hockey) (born 1957), New Zealand field hockey player
Robin Wilson (musician) (born 1965), American singer and guitarist, lead vocalist of the Gin Blossoms
Robin Wilson (eco-designer) (born 1969), eco-friendly lifestyle expert
Robin Wilson (curler), Canadian curler
Robin Wilson (psychologist), Canadian-American psychologist
Robin Lee Wilson (1933–2019), British civil engineer
Jeff Gralnick

Jeff Gralnick (April 3, 1939, Brooklyn, New York – May 9, 2011, Weston, Connecticut) was a television journalist 47 years, as well as a professor of new media at Columbia University and Fairfield University.

Gralnick served as a news consultant for NBC until his death. His experience includes: reporting on the field in Vietnam for CBS News. He served as a vice president and Executive Producer for ABC's World News Tonight, as an Executive Producer of NBC's Nightly News with Tom Brokaw, and as an Executive overlooking the creation of ABCNews.com. He covered the astronaut Alan Shepard's mission in 1961, produced the coverage for every U.S. space flight through Apollo 11, and also covered man's return to space in 1988 after the space shuttle Challenger's accident.

A graduate of New York University, Jeff was familiar with the NYC Metro as an adjunct professor of New Media at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and the Fairfield University Journalism Program.

External links

Jeffery Charles Gralnick - Oldest son of Mildred (Feinstein) and Abe Gralnick (younger son William); born April 3, 1939; attended NYU and graduated 1960?; married Carol Beckmann October 18, 1963;  resided at 1144 Second Ave. NYC and later New Orleans, LA; one child, Leslie Michel, born November 21, 1965, at Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana; divorced 1969.

Assignment Desk editor at CBS News 1961 (CBS-TV, New York City) - at CBS, worked with/for Mike Wallace, Don Hewitt, Walter Cronkite,  Hughes Rudd, Sandy Sokolow, Harry Reasoner, and in New Orleans after the JFK assassination with Nelson Benton,  Lew Wood and correspondent Bill Stout.
Columbia University Faculty Profile

References

American television news producers
American television journalists
2011 deaths
Fairfield University faculty
1939 births
American male journalists
Cerastium nigrescens

Cerastium nigrescens, commonly known as the  Shetland mouse-ear, Shetland mouse-eared chickweed or Edmondston's chickweed, is an endemic flowering plant found in Shetland, Scotland.

It was first recorded in 1837 by botanist Thomas Edmondston, who was 12 at the time. For a long time it was synonymised with arctic mouse-ear Cerastium arcticum but it is now widely regarded as a separate species. Although reported from two other sites in the 19th century, it currently grows only on two serpentine hills on the island of Unst (see Keen of Hamar).

The numbers of Cerastium nigrescens can vary dramatically from year to year, for reasons that are unclear (probably due to a varying rates of seedling germination and survival), but the underlying trend seems stable, and there has been no change in its distribution.

Mature plants may be not much more than a single shoot with one flower or can be a fist-sized cushion with as many as 40 flowers. Flowers look disproportionately large compared with the size of the plant.

References

Scott, W. & Palmer, R. 1987. The Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Shetland Islands. Shetland Times, Lerwick.
Scott, W. Harvey, P., Riddington, R. & Fisher, M. 2002. Rare Plants of Shetland. Shetland Amenity Trust, Lerwick.

External links

nigrescens
Endemic flora of Scotland
Biota of Shetland
Plants described in 1837
1837 in Scotland
Endemic biota of the Scottish islands
Sophie Irene Loeb

Sophie Irene Loeb (July 4, 1876, Rivne, Volhynia, Russian Empire (now part of Ukraine) – January 18, 1929) was an American journalist and social-welfare advocate.

Biography
She was born Sophie Irene Simon. She was a school teacher in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, at the East End Public School before she married Ansel F. Loeb, in 1896. In 1912, she wrote the book, Epigrams of Eve, with illustrations by Ruby Lind (Ruby Lindsay.)

She was the president of the Board of Child Welfare of New York for seven years, and in 1921 she established the first child welfare building. In 1924, she became president of the Child Welfare Committee of America. In 1927, she was invited to work with the social service section of the League of Nations in Geneva to frame an international code for the care of dependent and afflicted children.

She died on January 18, 1929.

Legacy
The Sophie Irene Loeb Playground is in Chinatown, Manhattan.

References

External links

Sophie Irene Loeb Fountain - Historical Sign at www.nycgovparks.org (biography, English)

1876 births
1929 deaths
American women journalists
Child welfare activism
Deaths from cancer
People from Rivne
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Children's non-fiction literature

Children's non-fiction literature (also called informational) is the meeting of the genres children's literature and non-fiction. Its primary function is to describe, inform, explain, persuade, and instruct about aspects of the real world, but much non-fiction also entertains.

Generally books of this genre feature simpler words and ideas, as well as pictures. It is, however, a very broad genre, involving several of the same topics that can be encountered in normal nonfiction, including biographies, diaries, encyclopedias, handbooks, history and more of the like.

See also

Aventis Prize
Sibert Medal
List of children's non-fiction authors.

References
Crimson Thorn

Crimson Thorn is an American Christian death metal band. According to Allmusic, they are "surely one of the world's most extreme-sounding Christian metal bands". Crimson Thorn has performed at Cornerstone Festival and Sonshine Festival. They have also been featured in HM Magazine.

History
The band was founded in 1991 by members Luke Renno, Dave Quast, Dylan Paul Jenniges, Paul Jongeward and Miles Sunde. They were almost ready to record their first demo when Dylan left, and Luke took his place on the bass. Their demo was entitled Plagued, and was recorded in 1992 at Blue Moon Studios in Minneapolis.

After Quast left, Kevin Sundberg joined as the new drummer, and their style changed from thrash metal to death metal. Crimson Thorn was signed to Atomic Records and released their first full length CD, Unearthed, in 1994. Later, R.E.X. Records re-released Unearthed. Paul Jongeward left the band, and was replaced with Andy Kopesky before the release of Dissection in 1997 on the label Morphine Records. Little Rose Records re-released it in 1999. Purification, was later released after the band built their own studio in the basement of Kevin's home.

Crimson Thorn announced at Cornerstone Festival 2007 that they were working on a new album. They performed unreleased tracks, all of which had a much more melodic feel than their previous works. Despite this, the band assured fans that the rest of the upcoming album would be much heavier, like their previous works.

On July 6, 2019, it was announced that Crimson Thorn would be coming out of their unofficial hiatus to play a week worth of shows in March 2020, on the Hasten Revelation Tour, alongside Broken Flesh, Abated Mass of Flesh, Taking the Head of Goliath, and Cardiac Rupture. Due to health concerns, Broken Flesh dropped off the tour, being replaced by My Place Was Taken.

Discography
Studio albums
 Unearthed (1995)
 Dissection (1997)
 Purification (2002)

Demos
 Plagued (1993)

Compilations
 Unearthed for Dissection (2005)
 Crimson Thorn - Anthology of Brutality: 1992-2002 The Complete Collective Works (3-CD Set) (2017)

Compilation Appearances
 "Anorexia Spiritual" on A Tribute to Living Sacrifice (2001; originally performed by Living Sacrifice)

DVDs
 Live in Minneapolis (2005)

Members

Former
Dylan Paul Jenniges - bass (1991-1992)
Dave Quast - drums (1991-1993)
Jeff Anderson - drums (1993-1994)
Kevin Sundberg - drums, vocals (1994-2003)
Paul Jongeward - guitar (1991-1997)
Andy Kopesky - guitar, keyboards (1997-2005)
Collin Anderson - keyboards (2005-2006)
Brett Wilson - bass, vocals (2005-2007)

Former live members
Billy Frazer - drums

Timeline

References

American black metal musical groups
American blackened death metal musical groups
American Christian metal musical groups
American death metal musical groups
Heavy metal musical groups from Minnesota
Musical groups established in 1991
Unblack metal musical groups
Christian extreme metal groups
American musical quartets
1991 establishments in Minnesota
Ardgarvan

Ardgarvan () is a hamlet and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, 2 km south of Limavady. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 111 people. It is situated within Causeway Coast and Glens district.

The village has developed on the northern side of Ballyavelin Road and is dominated by public housing development. It has limited recreational facilities available to the local community.

See also 
List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland

References 

Villages in County Londonderry
Causeway Coast and Glens district
The Fire Engine That Disappeared

The Fire Engine That Disappeared (Brandbilen som försvann) is a mystery novel by Swedish writers Sjöwall and Wahlöö, published in 1969. It is the fifth book in the Martin Beck detective series.
 
In the novel a house fire, which kills three people, was about to be written off as the result of a tenant's gas suicide when a forensics officer discovers a firebomb in the rubble that would have certainly killed the tenant had he not killed himself. Beck and his team launch a manhunt for the tenant's partner-in-crime, but are perplexed when the partner-in-crime is found dead at the bottom of the sea.

Plot summary 

Just as Gunvald Larsson arrives to replace a colleague, the apartment of a drug dealer in Stockholm, the house he is observing suddenly explodes into flames. Larsson tries to break into the house to rescue the residents, while an anonymous person calls the fire brigade from a payphone. The fire brigade arrives too late and some residents are killed.

The investigation finds that the drug dealer under surveillance has committed suicide by gas poisoning and blocked all the openings of his room. Beck still has doubts about this happening: where did the spark for the explosion come from and why did the fire department take so long to arrive? The doubts are justified, as it turns out according to the findings of the Crime Lab: the gas was lit by a hidden incendiary bomb in the mattress of the deceased.

The suspect, who had placed the incendiary, was, as it turns out, a Lebanese professional killer entering the country specifically to kill the drug dealer. He had himself called the firefighters as he wanted to avoid harming bystanders but accidentally due to lack of local knowledge he said the name of the wrong location.

Character development 
Beck's daughter Ingrid announces that she will leave home and encourages her father in secret to do the same. Benny Skacke is introduced as the ambitious detective to replace Stenström. Regular police officer Zachrisson is introduced.

Film adaptation 

The novel was adopted to film in 1993 with Gösta Ekman as Martin Beck and Rolf Lassgård as Gunvald Larsson.

Novels by Sjöwall and Wahlöö
1969 Swedish novels
Swedish detective novels
Pantheon Books books
Norstedts förlag books
William Rathbone III

William Rathbone III (1726–1789) was a member of the noted Rathbone family of Liverpool.

The eldest son of William Rathbone II, he was a merchant and ship-owner within Liverpool. A devout Quaker, and committed opponent of the slave trade, he married twice, fathering eleven children, including William Rathbone IV.

External links
 University of Liverpool Rathbone Collection

Businesspeople from Liverpool
English abolitionists
English Quakers
1726 births
1789 deaths
William
Quaker abolitionists