alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Laughery Creek Bridge

The Laughery Creek Bridge is a triple Whipple truss bridge on the border of Dearborn County, Indiana, and Ohio County, Indiana. It crosses Laughery Creek. This bridge was built in 1878. The Wrought Iron Bridge Company, a prolific late 19th-century bridge company, constructed the bridge. The bridge is seated on stone abutments. The deck surface is not original and is currently concrete. The bridge, nearly  in length, is a single-span, pin-connected, triple-intersection Whipple through truss, and is the only example in the world of this truss type. The name bridge's nickname, "Triple Whipple Bridge" is a play on words. The double-intersection Pratt, which was called the Whipple truss configuration, was a far more common variation of the standard Pratt configuration. Since the Laughery Creek Bridge's members have three intersections instead of two, this gives rise to the "Triple Whipple" name. This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

After closing in the 1970s, the bridge fell into serious disrepair, landing it on Indiana's 10 Most Endangered places list in 1993. A combination of federal funds and matching funds from Dearborn and Ohio Counties allowed the bridge to be refurbished and converted to pedestrian use in 2009.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Indiana

References

External links
"Celebrating the Triple Whipple" by the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, October 30, 2009.
"Triple Whipple Bridge" by Historic Bridges of Michigan and Elsewhere

Historic American Engineering Record in Indiana
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Bridges completed in 1878
National Register of Historic Places in Dearborn County, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Ohio County, Indiana
Transportation buildings and structures in Dearborn County, Indiana
Buildings and structures in Ohio County, Indiana
Transportation in Ohio County, Indiana
1868 establishments in Indiana
Wrought iron bridges in the United States
Whipple truss bridges in the United States
Noordgouwe

Noordgouwe is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 12 km north of Zierikzee.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1395 or 1396 as Noortgouda. It has been named after De Gouwe river which separated Schouwen from Duiveland. Noord (north) was the location of the polder on the island. In 1374, permission was granted to polder the salt marshes. Noordgouwe is a circular village around a church which is surrounded by a moat. The village used to be a heerlijkheid.

In 1434, the Carthusian monastery Sion was founded near Noordgouwe. In 1568, during the Reformation it was abandoned and later demolished. The Dutch Reformed church was originally dedicated to the Three Kings' Day. The tower was built shortly after 1462 and contains the entrance to the church. The church was rebuilt after it was destroyed by Spanish troops in 1576. It was restored and extensively modified in 1846.

Noordgouwe was home to 625 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged with Brouwershaven. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Macedonia at the 1996 Summer Olympics

The Republic of Macedonia competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. It was the first appearance of the nation at the Olympic Games after it seceded from Yugoslavia in 1991.

Canoeing

Men

Women

Shooting

Men

Swimming

Men

Women

Wrestling

Freestyle

References

External links
Official Olympic Reports
 sports-reference

Nations at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1996
Summer Olympics
Acton, County Armagh

Acton is a hamlet and townland of 22 acres in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, about a half mile north of Poyntzpass. It is situated in the civil parish of Ballymore and the historic barony of Orior Lower and within the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area. It had a population of 72 people (28 households) in the 2011 Census.

History 
The village was founded in the 17th century, during the Plantation of Ulster, by Sir Toby Poyntz. He was the son of Lieutenant Charles Poyntz, who, for his military services, obtained a  grant of land that had been confiscated from the O'Hanlons by the English. The Irish called the area An Chora Uachtarach, meaning "the upper weir". Before it was named Acton, the townland was known as Curryotragh. There he built a bawn  square, a house of brick and lime for himself, and 24 cottages for some English settlers. The Poyntz family were anciently feudal barons of Curry Mallet in Somerset, England, later of Iron Acton in Gloucestershire, after which Acton, County Armagh, was named. By 1837, the village contained about 50 houses "indifferently built".

References

External links
Poyntzpass History

Townlands of County Armagh
Villages in County Armagh
Civil parish of Ballymore, County Armagh
Schuddebeurs, Schouwen-Duiveland

Schuddebeurs is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 3 km north of Zierikzee.

During the 17th and 18th century, the affluent merchants from Zierikzee started to build estates in Schuddebeurs as summer residences. Schuddebeurs was home to 55 people in 1840.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Bruinisse

Bruinisse is a village in the south-west of the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1480 or 1481 as "Brunesse ... noviter erecta", and is a combination of headland and mud. Bruinisse was originally an island. In 1452, Philip the Good gave permission to build dikes and polder the salt marshes. The polder was completed in 1468. Bruinisse is a front street village with half a ring road around the church. The economy was mainly based on mussel fishing. The harbour was extended in 1872 and 1912.

The Reformed Church is a neoclassic aisleless church built in 1904 as a replacement of the 1868 church. In 1962, it was restored and the entrance was moved to the side. Bruinisse was home to 1,430 people in 1840.

Bruinisse was severely damaged during World War II. On 12 February 1944, the land around Bruinisse was inundated by the Germans and bombed by the Allies on 5 January 1945 causing the destroying of many houses including the church from 1467. The village was flooded during the North Sea flood of 1953. In 1964, the Grevelingendam was built connecting Schouwen-Duiveland with Goeree-Overflakkee. A recreational centre with marina was constructed to the north-west of the village.

Bruinisse was a separate municipality until 1997, when it was merged into Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

External links
 www.bru.nu

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1997
Washoe Lake

Washoe Lake (Washo: c'óʔyaʔ dáʔaw) is a lake located near Carson City in the Washoe Valley of Washoe County, Nevada. It is a very shallow lake with a surface area that can vary greatly from year to year. Washoe Lake State Park sits on the lake's southeastern shore.

Washoe Lake is a eutrophic, shallow lake between Reno and Carson City and just east of the much larger Lake Tahoe. The lake reaches a maximum depth of just . The shallowness and the high winds make the lake very turbid. Extensive droughts in the past have caused the lake to dry up entirely, most recently in 1992, 1994, and 2004.

Washoe Lake is a warm water fishery and provides a habitat for non-native Sacramento perch, white bass, channel catfish, brown bullhead and carp. The lake has been stocked by the Nevada Division of Wildlife since 2004 when Washoe Lake last dried up. Two boat launches are on the eastern shore of the lake within Washoe Lake State Park.

The lake provides habitat for a variety of birds. There are hundreds of migratory and resident species in Washoe Lake State Park. Pelicans, night and great blue herons can be found on the waters of the lake.

Watershed
Washoe Lake is fed by several small streams which issue from the Carson Range to the west as well as ephemeral streams which flow from the Virginia Range to the east. At its northern end, Washoe Lake narrows and connects to Little Washoe Lake, at whose northernmost end issues Steamboat Creek, which runs north to the Truckee River.

From the Carson Range, Washoe Lake receives (from south to north) Franktown Creek, Ophir Creek, Davis Creek and Winters Creek. Steamboat Creek receives Browns and Galena Creeks in Pleasant Valley, Nevada, and then runs north to meet the Truckee River on the eastern outskirts of Reno, Nevada.  Much of the water from the Steamboat Creek/Washoe Lake Watershed is diverted for irrigation use.

Washoe Zephyr
Like the rest of the region in the lee of the Sierra Nevada, the area around Washoe Lake is subject to the Washoe Zephyr, a sometimes daily gusty wind that generally occurs during the summer.
Mark Twain wrote:
 "A Washoe wind is by no means a trifling matter. It blows flimsy houses down, lifts shingle roofs occasionally, rolls up tin ones like sheet music, now and then blows a stage-coach over and spills the passengers; and tradition says the reason there are so many bald people there is, that the wind blows the hair off their heads while they are looking skyward after their hats."

The same high wind speeds have remained to this day and are capable of overturning commercial vehicles traveling along Interstate 580/U.S. Highway 395, which runs along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada, and traverses the western shore of Washoe Lake.

Activities
Washoe Lake is popular with windsurfers, kiteboarders and (lake level permitting) small boat sailors.

References

External links 

Washoe Lake Nevada Department of Wildlife
Washoe Lake State Park Nevada State Parks

Lakes of Nevada
Lakes of the Great Basin
Lakes of Washoe County, Nevada
Nieuwerkerk

Nieuwerkerk is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 23 km south of Hellevoetsluis.

Nieuwerkerk was a separate municipality until 1961, when the new municipality of Duiveland was created.

History 
Nieuwerkerk was created in the 12th century. It was a split-off from Ouwerkerk. The fifteenth-century Protestant church, originally dedicated to John (evangelist), has an 6 sided tower. It was rebuilt in 1975 on the foundations of the original tower, which was blown up in 1945 by the Germans.

During the North Sea flood of 1953, approximately 265 of the 1,800 residents drowned or went missing.

Churches 
There are 4 church congregations in Nieuwerkerk:

 Reformed Church, the church is in the Molenstraat.
 Reformed Church in the Netherlands, this church is in the Stationstraat.
 Hersteld Hervormde Kerk, this church is in the Ooststraat.
 Protestantse Kerk, this church is in the  Kerkring.

In the Molenstraat is a small church for the Katholieke Apostolische Gemeente. However, this church is almost never used.

Gallery

References

External links

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Oosterland, Zeeland

Oosterland is a village in the south-west Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, about 22 km south of Hellevoetsluis.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1370 as "den ambochte in Oesterer Nuwelant in Duvelant", and means "eastern (polder) land". In 1353, permission was granted to enclose the area with a dike. Oosterland is a road village which developed after 1354.

The Dutch Reformed church has a detached tower from the 14th century, because the original church burnt down in 1612. The tower burnt down in 1945 and was rebuilt between 1948 and 1950. The grist mill of Oosterland was built in 1752. The windmill went out of service after the North Sea flood of 1953. It was restored between 1957 and 1959, and remained in operation until 1965. Since 2017, the windmill has been back in service.

Oosterland was home to 917 people in 1840. The village was bombed in 1945. A large part of the village was destroyed during the North Sea flood of 1953 and later rebuilt further north.

Oosterland was a separate municipality until 1961, when the new municipality of Duiveland was created. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Sirjansland

Sirjansland is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 19 km south of Hellevoetsluis.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1573 as "Zeer Jans Lant", and means "(polder)land of Sir Jan" which refers to John of Beaumont who owned the land, and built dikes around the area in 1305. Before 1297, Sirjanslans and Dreischor formed a single village. In 1297 a flood resulted in the separation of the two parts.

A church was known to exist around 1500. During the North Sea flood of 1953, it was severely damaged. The church was demolished in 1958.

Sirjansland was home to 295 people in 1840. The village was a separate municipality until 1816, when it was merged with Oosterland. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Scharendijke

Scharendijke is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 24 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

The village was first mentioned in 1487 as Schaerdendijke, and is a combination of dike and trench. Scharendijke is a dike village. It was originally a little hamlet. Between 1901 and 1902, a harbour was built and it developed into a little village around the harbour.

Scharendijke was home to 204 people in 1840. Part of the village was rebuilt after the North Sea flood of 1953. From the 1970s onwards, holiday homes were built around the village.

Scharendijke used to be part of the municipality of Elkerzee. In 1960, the municipality of Middenschouwen  was created and Scharendijk became its capital. In 1997, it was merged into Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Tufahije

Tufahije (singular: tufahija) is a Bosnian dessert made of walnut-stuffed apples poached in sugar water. It is very popular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Croatia.

The Bulgarian pechani yabalki are also stuffed with walnuts, but are usually baked, not poached.

Serving
Tufahije is served in large glasses with their own glazed syrup and whipped cream on top. It's usually accompanied by Bosnian coffee.

Gallery

See also 

 Baked apple
 List of apple dishes
 List of desserts
 List of stuffed dishes

References

Apple dishes
Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine
Coffee culture
Croatian desserts
Desserts
Macedonian cuisine
Serbian cuisine
Stuffed desserts
Walnut dishes
Kerkwerve

Kerkwerve is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 24 km southwest of Hellevoetsluis.

History 
The village was first mentioned in the 11th century as Kiricwereve, and means "artificial height with church". Kerkwerve is a circular village around a church which developed during the Middle Ages. In the 14th century, the manor house Huis Te Werve was built to east of the Kerkwerve and existed until the 18th century. The village was burnt in 1576 by the Spanish Army.

The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church from 1900 with a wooden tower with a slender spire. The church is located on a terp (artificial hill)".

Kerkwerve was home to 233 people in 1840. The village was severely affected by the North Sea flood of 1953.

Kerkwerve was a separate municipality until it was merged with Middenschouwen in 1961. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Ellemeet

Ellemeet is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 26 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1236 as "Henricus de Ellimed", and means "hayland of Ello (person)". Ellemeet is a dike village without a church which developed in the 16th century along the Kuijersdam after the previous village was flooded. The new village was originally called Oudendijke, however in 1961, the name of the original village was adopted.

The grist mill ’t Hert was built in 1748 and remained in operation until 1996. The original village did have a church, however it was destroyed in 1575 during the Siege of Zierikzee.

Ellemeet was home to 467 people in 1840. The village was severely damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953, and was rebuilt further north.

Ellemeet was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged into Middenschouwen. Between 1965 and 1971, the Brouwersdam was built as part of the Delta Works to protect Zeeland. The dam resulted in the creation of the Grevelingenmeer. Recreational facilities and holiday homes were created along the lake. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Haamstede

Haamstede is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland. The village is known for Haamstede Castle.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1229 as Haemstede, and means "place with a house or farm". Haamstede is a circular village around a church. The first church was built in the first half of the 10th century. Until 1229, it was a heerlijkheid of the Lords of Renesse who built a castle. After 1454, Haamstede became a possession of the County of Burgundy. The castle was restored in the 17th century, and Haamstede developed into a castle village.

The keep of Haamstede Castle dates from the 13th century. In 1525, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor organised a party in the castle to celebrate his victory over France. Due to carelessness, the castle burnt down. The castle was confiscated by the States of Zeeland in 1591 and sold. In 1608, it was owned by Jacob van den Eynde who restored and enlarged the castle. In 1853, it became property of the Van der Lek de Clercq family. The castle was restored 1888. In 1981, the castle with forest and dunes became property of Natuurmonumenten to ensure its future and make the castle accessible to the public.

The Dutch Reformed church is a three aisled cruciform church without a tower or choir which was built in the early 16th century as a replacement of the 11th century church which burnt down in 1506. The church was restored in 1956.

Haamstede was home to 819 people in 1840. After World War II, Haamstede developed into a tourist site and started to form a single urban area with Burgh. Haamstede was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged into Westerschouwen. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Buildings 
 Haamstede Castle
 Dutch Reformed church
 Westerlichttoren lighthouse

Gallery

References

External links
Tourist information website

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Burgh, Netherlands

Burgh is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is connected to Haamstede, and therefore generally considered to be part of the village Burgh-Haamstede.

Geography 

Burgh is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 23 km north of Middelburg. The statistical area "Burgh", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1200.

Tourism is very important in Burgh, as it is in nearby Haamstede. Agriculture and fishery are also of some importance.

History 

Burgh was founded as an earthen fortification constructed near the end of the ninth century. It can be called a burh, a circular rampart or a Viking ring fortress. Fact is that it closely resembles a Viking ring fortress. The diameter of the restored fortress is 185 m. Between 2001 and 2007 the fortification of Burgh was partially restored.

Burgh used to be a separate municipality. In 1816 it came to include the smaller village Westenschouwen. In 1961 Burgh was merged with Haamstede, Noordwelle, Renesse and Serooskerke to form the municipality Westerschouwen. In turn this municipality was merged into Schouwen-Duiveland municipality in 1997.

During World War II Burgh was very often bombarded. In 1945 the church of Burgh was hit by a precision bombardment. The North Sea flood of 1953 did heavy damage in Burgh.

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Westenschouwen

Westenschouwen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 21 km north of Middelburg.

Westenschouwen was a separate municipality until 1816, when it was merged into Burgh.

Westenschouwen was home to 88 people in 1840. The hamlet is mainly known its beach.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Nieuw-Haamstede

Nieuw-Haamstede  is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 25 km north of Middelburg.

It was built before 1940 as a holiday neighbourhood in the dunes belonging to Haamstede. The lighthouse Westerlichttoren was built between 1837 and 1840 and is  tall.

References
 

Populated places in Zeeland
Schouwen-Duiveland
Renesse

Renesse () is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 28 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

Renesse is a popular tourist resort with zero-fare bus services in the area (in summer only).

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1244 as Rietnesse, and is a combination of headland and reed. Renesse is a circular church village near the dunes. In 1229, Floris V, Count of Holland donated the land to Costijn van Zierikzee who built a castle near the village.

Moermond Castle was built in 1229, but destroyed in 1297. Before 1339, a new smaller castle was built, but became derelict. The gate house of around 1400 was converted in a summer residence in 1513 which became the basis of the current castle. It was severely damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953. Between 1958 and 1960, it was restored and the walls around the castle were rebuilt with three towers.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single-aisled church. The tower dates from the early 15th century and has never been completed. The choir was rebuilt in 1916 and remnants of the predecessor of around 1300 were discovered. In 1924, a school was attached to the church, but it was demolished in 1976.

At the end of 1944, ten members of the Dutch Resistance stole and destroyed the resident registration of Renesse. They were supposed to be picked up by an English patrol boat, but were arrested on the beach. The ten men were publicly hung. The villages and their family members were forced to witness the hanging. 

Renesse was home to 470 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged with Westerschouwen. After World War II, Renesse develop into a tourist site with many holiday homes and hotels. In 1997, Renesse became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Van Renesse Family
In the 13th century the Van Renesse family built the first version of Moermond Castle.
 John III, Lord of Renesse
 René de Renesse, 1st Count of Warfusée
 The Castle of Renesse is located in the village of Oostmalle (Malle), in the Campine region of the province of Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium)

Gallery

References

External links
Renesse  Official Website

 
Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Seaside resorts in the Netherlands
Zero-fare transport services
Noordwelle

Noordwelle is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 5 km southwest of Scharendijke.

The village was first mentioned in 1109 as Willa, and means well. Noord (north) has been added to distinguish from the former village Zuidwelle. Noordwelle is a circular village around a church which is surrounded by moat. It developed near a 13th century castle which was lost in a flood in the 15th or 16th century. In 1575, Noordwelle was in Spanish hands and liberated by the Dutch States Army on 14 January 1576.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single-aisled church. The tower dates from around 1450. The church was destroyed by war in 1576, and rebuilt slightly bigger in the 17th century. The choir was converted into a school in 1859. In the early 1960s, the school parts were demolished.

Noordwelle was home to 392 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged with Westerschouwen. In 1997, it became part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Serooskerke, Schouwen-Duiveland

Serooskerke is a village in the southwest Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland about 100 km southwest of Rotterdam.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1395 or 1396 as Ecclesia Alardi, and means "(private) church of Lord Alard (person)". Serooskerke is a church village which developed on a ridge around a church. It used to be a heerlijkheid of the Van Tuyll van Serooskerke family.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single-aisled building. The tower dates from the 15th century. The church burnt down in 1576 and was partially rebuilt using material from the old church. In 1958, it was restored and the leaning tower was straightened.

Serooskerke was home to 290 people in 1840. In 1903, a harbour was constructed for the transportation of sugar beet. 

Serooskerke was severely damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953, and 15 people died. The hole in the dike was not big, but started to extend and was 520 metres wide by Augustus 1953. A new ring dike was constructed around the village and the gaps were closed with caissons. The old dike was never restored and the hole is still visible.

On 1 January 1961, the municipality of Serooskerke merged with the neighboring municipalities of Burgh, Haamstede, Noordwelle, and Renesse to form the municipality of Westenschouwen. On Januari 1997 Westenschouwen merged into the newly formed municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland that is identical in name and area to the island on which Serooskerke is located.

Gallery

People from Serooskerke
 Johannes van de Velde Olivier, printer, publisher and bookseller in Zierikzee

References

External links

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Miniconjou

The Miniconjou (Lakota: Mnikowoju, Hokwoju – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a Native American people constituting a subdivision of the Lakota people, who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the Black Hills in to the Platte River.  The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was Touch the Clouds.

Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands 
Together with the Sans Arc (Itázipčho, Itazipcola, Hazipco – ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and Two Kettles (Oóhe Núŋpa, Oóhenuŋpa, Oohenonpa – ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as Central Lakota and divided into several bands or thiyóšpaye:

 Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
 Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
 Shunka Yute Shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the Wanhin Wega)
 Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
 Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
 Inyan ha oin (‘Musselshell Earring’)
 Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
 Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
 Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the Shunka Yute Shni and Oóhenuŋpa split off about 1840)
 Tall Bear

The Oóhenuŋpa or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called Wanhin Wega, split off about 1840 and became a separate oyate or tribe.

Miniconjou leaders 
Joseph White Bull (Ptesan Hunka) explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan. These men were:
 Kiyoukanpi 'Makes Room'
 Wahacanka Sapa 'Black Shield'
 He Isnala 'Lone Horn' of a Minneconjou band called the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream)
 White Hollow Horn
 Magaska 'White Swan'
 Okinyan 'Comes Flying'

These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained, "They wore shirts decorated with scalps." He identified these two leaders as:
 Taachka Ooshta 'Lame Deer'
 Wi Sapa 'Black Moon'

Other notable Miniconjou:

 Ituhu Hanska 'High Forehead'
 Kanku Wakatuya '(old) Hump' or 'High Backbone'
 White Bull, son of Makes Room
 Big Crow, son of Black Shield
 Maphiua Icahtagya 'Touch the Clouds', son of Lone Horn
 Mahto Cikala 'Little Bear', son of White Hollow Horn
 Magaska 'White Swan', son of White Swan
 Kiyoukanpi 'Comes Flying'
 Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
 Hehaka Galeshka 'Spotted Elk', son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
 Hehaka Galeshka 'Chief Spotted Elk', later known as Si Tanka 'Chief Big Foot'
 Dewey Beard
 Mahto Wanahtake 'Kicking Bear'
 Etokeah '(young) Hump'

See also

 Red Horse (Lakota chief)
 Tomi Kay Phillips, president-designate of Sitting Bull College

References

External links
Indian genealogy
Rosebud Sioux

 
Great Sioux War of 1876
RPPS

RPPS may refer to:

 Retropatellar Pain Syndrome, a knee condition
 Rockcliffe Park Public School
 Rose Park Primary School
Brijdorpe

Brijdorpe is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 23 km southwest of Hellevoetsluis.

Brijdorpe is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Scharendijke. It has place name signs. Brijdorpe was home to 79 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of about 20 houses.

It used to be a separate municipality for a while, before it was made part of the municipality of Duivendijke in 1813.

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Gowans

Gowans is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

 Alan Gowans (1923–2001), art historian and academic
 Betty Gowans (born 1947), Canadian sprint canoer
 Brad Gowans (1903–1954), American jazz trombonist and reedist
 Chris Gowans (born 1977), Australian rules football player
 Fred R. Gowans (born 1936), American professor who specializes in the fur trade in the American West
 James Gowans (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
James Gowans (architect) (1821–1890), Scottish architect and quarry owner
James Gowans (rugby union) (1872–1936), Scottish rugby union player
James Learmonth Gowans (born 1924), English immunologist
James Gowans (Australian footballer) (born 1977), Australian footballer
 John Gowans (1934–2012), British General of The Salvation Army
 Peter Gowans (1944–2009), Scottish football winger 
 Tony Gowans, New Zealand football player
 William Gowans (1803–1870), American bookseller

See also
 Gowan (disambiguation)
 McGowan
Uganda National Rescue Front

The Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF), refers to two former armed rebel groups in Uganda's West Nile sub-region that first opposed, then became incorporated into the Ugandan armed forces.

UNRF
The first Uganda National Rescue Front, also known as "National Salvation Front", was formed to oppose Milton Obote during his second term (1980–1985) as president of Uganda. The UNRF was composed of former supporters of Idi Amin, and headed by Brigadier Moses Ali, formerly Amin's Minister of Finance.

After the fall of Obote in July 1984/5, over 1000 of the UNRF joined Yoweri Museveni's government. Luwero Moses Ali held a large number and variety of positions in Museveni's government, including Minister of Tourism and Wildlife , and Minister of Youth, Culture and Sport. In April 1990 he was arrested on treason charges, and incarcerated until June 1992, when he was released and acquitted.  This did not prevent his later being appointed Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister for Disaster Preparedness, and Deputy Prime Minister.

UNRF II

The Uganda National Rescue Front II was a group that broke from the West Nile Bank Front in 1996, and included members of the original UNRF that did not make peace with Museveni. It operated mostly in Aringa County, Arua District, out of bases in southern Sudan, and received support from the Sudanese government (the National Islamic Front), in retaliation for Ugandan government support for the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was led by Major General Ali Bamuze.

On December 24, 2002, the UNRF II signed a formal ceasefire with the government in the town of Yumbe in northwestern Uganda. Terms included a battalion of UNRF II soldiers being incorporated in the Ugandan army, and USh 4.2 billion being distributed to the group. Moses Ali is reported to have participated in the negotiations.

References

 Uganda signs peace deal with rebels 26 December 2002, BBC News.
 Uganda January - December 2002 report from Amnesty International.
  Gen. Moses Ali: A dream come true By Richard M. Kavuma March 23, 2003 Uganda Daily Monitor article
 Rebels divided over Shs 4 bn December 10, 2003 article from the Uganda Daily Monitor
 Inside West Nile, , 2004 book by Mark Leopold.

Works cited 
 

Rebel groups in Uganda
Government of Uganda
Republica (album)

Republica is the debut studio album by English band Republica. It was first released in the United States on 30 July 1996 by RCA Records, and by Deconstruction Records in the United Kingdom. Three singles were released from the album: "Bloke", "Ready to Go" and "Drop Dead Gorgeous", with the last two being hits.

Upon its release, Republica received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. It peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart. In the US, it reached number 153 on the Billboard 200 and was also successful in other countries, such as Germany and New Zealand.

A deluxe edition of the album was released on 28 February 2020 on Cherry Red Records.

Track listing

Deluxe edition
This was released on the 90/9 imprint of Cherry Red Records on 28 February 2020.

Personnel
Republica
Saffron – vocals
Tim Dorney – keyboards
Andy Todd – keyboards
Johnny Male – guitar
David Barbarossa – drums

Additional personnel
Ben Grosse – additional producer, programming
Dave Arch – piano
Paul Cartledge – guitar
Pete Davis – keyboards, programming
Jez Williams – guitar
Randy Jacobs – guitar
Grant Mohrman – guitar
Marlon Young – guitar
Sal Aiello – guitar
Ian Tregoning – mixing
Phil Dane – mixing
Jesus Beats – programming
John Vitale – programming, guitar
Mike Tuller – programming

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

References

External links
[ Republica] at AllMusic

1996 debut albums
RCA Records albums
Republica albums
Elkerzee

Elkerzee is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 1 km south of Scharendijke.

Elkerzee is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Scharendijke. It has its own place name signs. It was home to 489 people in 1840. Nowadays it consists of about 10 houses. A church was built in 1741, but was demolished in 1958, because a new church had been built in neighbouring Scharendijke.

The grist mill De Lelie was built in 1868 and decommissioned in 1960. In 2008, it was bought and turned into a restaurant specialising in pan cakes. The flour for the pancakes is ground by the wind mill.

Elkerzee was a separate municipality until 1961, when it was merged into Middenschouwen.

Gallery

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva

Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva is the most important Antarctic base of Chile. It is located at Fildes Peninsula, an ice-free area, in front of Fildes Bay, at the west end of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Situated alongside the Escudero Station and only  from the Russian Bellingshausen Station, it is at an altitude of  above sea-level. The base is located in the Chilean commune of Antártica, which is the Antarctic territory claimed by Chile (Antártica Chilena Province, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region).

Also nearby are the bases of Great Wall (China), General Artigas Station (Uruguay), King Sejong Station (Republic of Korea), Carlini Base (Argentina), Commandante Ferraz (Brazil), Henryk Arctowski (Poland) and Machu Picchu Base (Peru). Further away is Captain Arturo Prat Base, also Chilean, 50 km to the west.

Description
It has a -long airstrip (Teniente Rodolfo Marsh Martin Aerodrome, ICAO Code SCRM), with 50 intercontinental and 150 intracontinental flights each season, serving as a means of transport to many nearby bases. It also includes the Villa Las Estrellas residential area that has a hospital, a school, a bank, a small supermarket, etc. The maximum population during summer is of 150 people, and the average during winter is of about 80 people.

It began to operate in 1969 as Centro Meteorológico Eduardo Frei. When the installations were expanded, it was renamed as Base Teniente Rodolfo Marsh, with the meteorology center keeping its original name. During the 1990s, all of the installations came to be named Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, with the airstrip retaining the name Teniente Rodolfo Marsh.

Climate
Like the coastal areas of Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic islands south of the 60º parallel, the area has a tundra climate, that could be considerably borderline "maritime-influenced polar climate", thanks to temperatures that rarely drop below  in winter (which is commonplace in most of Antarctica), and temperatures that could soar a few digits above freezing for most parts of the year. The base's area and its vicinity (the entire island, actually) experiences a rather heavy precipitation, with an average precipitation rate of  yearly, which makes it unusual on the Antarctic continent, as the continent is significantly drier than the islands are to the north.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Antarctica
 List of Antarctic research stations
 List of Antarctic field camps

References

External links
 Official website Chilean Antarctic Institute
  Webcam Teniente Martin airport 

Outposts of the South Shetland Islands
Argentine Antarctica
British Antarctic Territory
Chilean Antarctic Territory
Lighthouses in Antarctica
1969 establishments in Antarctica
Looperskapelle

Looperskapelle is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 23 km southwest of Hellevoetsluis.

Looperskapelle is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Scharendijke. Looperskappele used to be home to 156 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of a handful of houses. It used to have a church, but it was demolished in 1590.

Looperskapelle was a separate municipality until 1813, when it was merged with Duivendijke.

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
All Saints Catholic School, West Wickham

All Saints Catholic School was a Catholic secondary school located on Layhams Road, West Wickham, London Borough of Bromley. Formerly known as 'St. John Rigby Catholic College', its name was changed in 2004 as a rebranding because of falling pupil numbers and substantial debts following the departure of former headmistress Colleen McCabe.

The site was originally a teacher training college before opening as a school in 1979. It was an amalgamation of the former St Joseph's School for Boys, Orpington, itself a former Victorian orphanage, now a housing estate opposite Orpington Hospital and a girls' school.

Mr. Tranter was the first Deputy Headmaster.

The site is now being developed for housing .

Fraud and closure
Colleen McCabe was convicted in 2003 of stealing around £500,000 from her school over a period from 1994 to 1999, which she spent lavishly both on herself and on gifts for her friends. The story was the subject of the 2006 BBC docudrama, The Thieving Headmistress Money was diverted away from the school's budget resulting in the children being without books in a dirty, unheated school. The fraud was only detected when the school's grant maintained status was reverted and control was returned to the local education authority. McCabe was sentenced to five years in prison.

After a consultation period, in April 2006 Bromley Council approved the proposal to close the school with effect from August 2007.

Notable former pupils

 Skream, DJ and producer
 Jason Puncheon, professional footballer
 Liam Fontaine, professional footballer
 Michael Carberry, cricketer
 James Dasaolu, athlete, 100m & 4 × 100 m
  Craig (Spider) Richards, professional boxer

References 

 School closure - Bromley Council
 Headteacher's legacy jeopardising school - News Shopper
 Head 'spent £7,000 on shoes' - BBC News

External links 
 Official site

Defunct Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Southwark
Defunct schools in the London Borough of Bromley
Educational institutions disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in England
Moriaanshoofd

Moriaanshoofd is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 26 km southwest of Hellevoetsluis.

Moriaanshoofd is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Kerkwerve. The hamlet consists of about 20 houses.

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Nieuwerkerke

Nieuwerkerke (also: Nieuwerkerke Schutje) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 3 km southwest of Brouwershaven.

Nieuwerkerke is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Kerkwerve. It was home to 140 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of a handful of houses. It used to have a church, but it was destroyed in 1576 by Spanish troops and never rebuilt.

Nieuwerkerke was a separate municipality until 1813, when it was merged with Kerkwerve. 

Nieuwerkerke should not be confused with Nieuwerkerk, a larger village on the same island.

References

Schouwen-Duiveland
History of Schouwen-Duiveland
Populated places in Zeeland
Former municipalities of Zeeland
Wasef Bakhtari

Wasef Bakhtari (; 15 March 1943 – 19 July 2023) was an Afghan poet, literary figure and intellectual.

Personal life

Bakhtari was born in Balkh on 15 March 1943. He spent most of his childhood in Mazar-i-Sharif. He attended Bakhtar School for his primary and for most of his secondary education. After his family moved to Kabul, he finished Habibia High School in 1965. He held a BA degree in Persian literature from Kabul University. He did his graduate studies in the U.S., where he received a master's degree in education from Columbia University in 1976. In 1996 Bakhtari, then a professor of literature at Kabul University, and his wife Noriajan were forced to flee Afghanistan because of the intolerance of the Taliban. They sought refuge in Pakistan. Soon after, Nooria died and he remarried to Soriya Bakhtari, but with a rise in Taliban influence there as well, returned to the United States with the help of World Relief and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, which resettled them in New Port Richey, Florida. They moved to California after three months.

Wasef Bakhtari died in California, on 19 July 2023, at the age of 80.

Professional and political career

For 15 years, Bakhtari worked for the Ministry of Education, writing and translating text books. In 1978, he became the editor-in-chief of Zhwandoon magazine. He had also served as a professor at Kabul University and influenced many other Persian writers and poet in Afghanistan.

Bakhtari was one of the founders and leaders of the leftist and Maoist party, Shalleh-ye Javiyd. In 1978, when the Khalqi government took power in the Saur Revolution, he was thrown into prison for two years. He left politics after he was freed in 1980.

Poetry and literature

Bakhtari was one of the most noted modern Persian poets and writers in Afghanistan. He was regarded as a literary leader to most Persian writers, poets, and linguists in Afghanistan. He was one of the first Persian poets to introduce she’r-e nimaa'i ("Nimaic poetry") and he is regarded in having his own style of Persian poetry. He was under the influence of Rahi Moayeri, Amiri Firoozkouhi, and Ahmad Shamlou.

References

See also

 Persian literature

1943 births
2023 deaths
Tajik poets
Afghan Tajik people
20th-century Afghan poets
Afghan expatriates in the United States
Kabul University alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Academic staff of Kabul University
Afghan expatriates in Pakistan
21st-century Afghan poets
People from Balkh Province
Tovdal

Tovdal (historic: Lille Topdal) is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The  municipality existed from 1908 until its dissolution in 1967.  Tovdal municipality was made up of the valley surrounding the river Tovdalselva and since 1967 it has been a part of the present-day municipality of Åmli which is now in Agder county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Hillestad where the Tovdal Church is located.

History
The parish of Lille Topdal was a part of the municipality of Åmli when civil municipalities were created in Norway on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The municipality of Lille Topdal was established on 1 January 1908 when the municipality of Åmli was split into three separate municipalities: Lille Topdal (population: 389), Gjevedal (population: 590), and Åmli (population: 2,024). In 1922, the name of the municipality was changed from Lille Topdal to Tovdal. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1967, Tovdal (population: 161) was merged back into the municipality of Åmli. At the time of its dissolution, Tovdal was the smallest municipality in Norway by population.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) was first named "Lille Topdal" after the Topdalen valley (). The first element comes from the old name for the local river Tovdalselva. That name is likely derived from the word  which means "mound" or "tuft". The last element is  which means "valley" or "dale". The prefix of the name is  which means "little". In 1922, the name was changed to "Tovdal" to more accurately represent the local pronunciation of the name.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.

Municipal council
The municipal council  of Tovdal was made up of 13 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway

References

External links

Åmli
Former municipalities of Norway
1908 establishments in Norway
1967 disestablishments in Norway