alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Eagle River Stadium

The Eagle River Stadium is an ice rink and arena located in Eagle River, Wisconsin.

History
The Eagle River Stadium, which seats roughly 2,000 people, was designed by German immigrant architect and engineer Max Hanisch, Sr. and constructed by local volunteers and community residents. Constructed mainly of wood in 1925, it is the first indoor hockey arena built in the state of Wisconsin. The roof framing is a wooden lamella design, using solid-sawn timbers interconnected in a unique honeycomb pattern. The facility is affectionately referred to as "The Dome" because of its dome-like shape. It has received major renovations once, in 1963–1964, when new locker rooms, indoor plumbing, and a concession stand were added.

The arena is home to the local high school hockey team, the Northland Pines Eagles; the ERRA Youth Hockey Association; a semi-pro hockey team, the Eagle River Falcons; a tier II junior ice hockey team, the Wisconsin Windigo; and the Wisconsin Hockey Hall of Fame.

References

External links
Wisconsin Hockey Hall of Fame

Sports venues in Wisconsin
Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Buildings and structures in Vilas County, Wisconsin
Indoor ice hockey venues in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Vilas County, Wisconsin
Centenary College

Centenary College can refer to:

 Centenary College of New Jersey, (now Centenary University) a private college located in Hackettstown, New Jersey, USA
 Centenary College of Louisiana, a private college in Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
 Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson, a historic campus known as Centenary State Historic Site, in Jackson, Louisiana, USA
 Centenary College (Tennessee), a dormant institution formed by the Methodist Church which closed in 1929, located in Cleveland, Tennessee. Noted at Lee_University#Campus
Hunts Pond State Park

Hunts Pond State Park is a former state park in Chenango County, New York, United States. The former park is located in the town of New Berlin, west of Route 8 and southwest of the village of New Berlin. It has been managed since 2011 as part of Hunts Pond State Forest.

History
The  park was managed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation prior to 2011, when ownership and management was transferred to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The former park has since been managed as part of Hunts Pond State Forest, a  state-managed conservation area.

Facilities and recreation
The former park is dominated by  Hunts Pond in its center. The land remains accessible by the public, and offers space for hiking, fishing, seasonal deer hunting, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling. A boat launch is available; as a pollution control measure, only non-motorized watercraft are permitted in the lake.

Beginning in 2013, 12 primitive campsites along Hunts Pond's perimeter were once again made available for public use. The campsites are available between May 1 and September 30, and campers are required to obtain a free permit issued by the NYS-DEC's office in Sherburne. Outside of the former Hunts Pond State Park area, primitive camping is permitted throughout Hunts Pond State Forest, pursuant to general state forest regulations.

See also
 List of New York state parks
 List of New York state forests

References

External links
 NYS Department of Environmental Conservation: Hunts Pond State Forest

State parks of New York (state)
Parks in Chenango County, New York
Menachem Birnbaum

Menachem Birnbaum (born 1893 in Vienna, died probably 1944), was an Austrian Jewish book illustrator and portrait painter.

Life 

Birnbaum was the second son of the Jewish philosopher Nathan Birnbaum and his wife Rosa Korngut. Birnbaum married Ernestine (Tina) Esther Helfmann, with whom he had two children: Rafael Zwi and Hana. Birnbaum lived in Berlin from 1911 until 1914 and again from 1919 until 1933. He then emigrated to the Netherlands. In the spring of 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo and with his relatives transported on 10 March 1943 to a Nazi concentration camp - presumably Auschwitz. Menachem was seen alive and spoken to in Auschwitz in October 1944 by a Dutch Jewish survivor, who told this to his brother Uriel Birnbaum in Holland after WW2. His family Tina, Rafael Zwi, and Hana Birnbaum were killed earlier (probably in Auschwitz also). Therefore, he must have died between October 1944 and January 27, 1945 - when Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviets. It is likely that he died during or just before the Death March from Auschwitz in mid-January, 1945. Therefore, the information that he died in the Sobibor extermination camp is incorrect. It is based solely on an unconfirmed assumption by the Red Cross that the trains from the German holding camp at Westerbork, Holland went to Sobibor on that day.

Works 
 Das Hohe Lied (The High Song), Berlin 1912
 Der Aschmedaj (Humorous periodical), Berlin-Warsaw 1912
 Schlemiel (Humorous periodical), Berlin 1919-1920 (Schriftleitung des künstlerischen Teils)
 Chad Gadjo, Berlin 1920
 Chad Gadjo, Scheveningen 1935
 Menachem Birnbaum Zeigt, Den Haag 1937
   Numerous book cover/jacket designs, portrait drawings.

Literature 
 Kitty Zijlmans, Jüdische Künstler im Exil: Uriel und Menachem Birnbaum; in: Hans Wuerzner (Hg.), Österreichische Exilliteratur in den Niederlanden 1934-1940, Amsterdam 1986

References

External links 
 
 Das jüdische Jugendbuch a digitized children's book illustrated by Birnbaum at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York

1893 births
1944 deaths
Artists from Vienna
Austrian Jews who died in the Holocaust
Austrian artists
Austrian people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
Austrian illustrators
Jewish artists
Throw bag

A throw bag or throw line is a rescue device with a length of rope stuffed loosely into a bag so it can pay out through the top when the bag is thrown to a swimmer.

A throw bag is standard rescue equipment for kayaking and other outdoor river recreational activities.

A throw bag is used to rescue someone who is swimming down a river after capsizing their kayak or canoe, but can also be used for gear retrieval and for climbing during portages.

Swimmer rescue 

 Recognition – The party with the throw bag needs to see the swimmer and retrieve the throw bag.
 Preparation – Quickly the 'bagger' needs to play out about a meter of rope from the mouth of the bag, and try to get a partner to stand behind them holding onto them, preferably by the life jacket. The bagger, if they have time, should take the meter of revealed rope and take it around their back so they can hold the tail of the rope, and the line feeding into the bag with their body in the loop, resting the rope on their back.
 Communication – The 'bagger' needs to communicate to the swimmer that they are going to throw a rope, as the rope is best visible in the air, and can be lost by the swimmer when it is in the water. Shouting "rope rope rope" is a common industry standard by rafting companies.
 The Throw – The 'bagger' will grasp the meter of played out line in their off hand, and throw the bag either in an underhand or overhand fashion aiming to land the bag past the head of the swimmer, taking care to lead them as they will be moving downstream during the throw.
 Anchoring – If the rope is caught by the swimmer the thrower should never anchor themselves or you run the risk of ripping the rope out of the swimmers hands.  The thrower should move down the gravel bar or river bank to allow a controlled tensioning of the rope and pendulum motion for the swimmer to swing to shore. The thrower should always choose a safe location to make the throw, but avoid creating an anchor other than what is needed for the safety of the thrower. The bagger or the swimmer should NOT wrap the rope around their hand, neck, or body.
 Swimmer position – The swimmer upon handling the rope needs to turn onto their back with their head pointed upstream and the rope going over their shoulder as they hold it unwrapped in both hands.
 The pendulum effect – On a straight river the swimmer will be naturally pushed by the current to the shore they have been bagged from. When they get to shore the bagger can start to pull them in, hand over hand.

Gear Rescue – V Drag 

Applications of the throw bag to rescue gear in a river. Have parties on both sides of a river that is smaller than the length of the line. Throw a bag from one side of the river to the other with both parties holding an end. Attach a person who has a lifejacket with a strong swimmer harness and attach them to the line. Using angles, position them, the gear, and lower them down for rescue with either a pin kit or basic retrieval.

References

External links 

 Instructions for making a throw bag – CanyonWiki.com

Rescue equipment
Canoeing and kayaking equipment
Alabama State Route 261

State Route 261 (SR 261) is a  state highway that connects Helena with Pelham in northern Shelby County, as part of the Birmingham/Hoover metropolitan area. SR 261 is two lanes wide for the entirety of its route. It serves as a feeder route to numerous subdivisions in Helena and Pelham.

Route description

The southern terminus of the route is at the intersection with Shelby County Road 17 (CR 17), CR 52, and CR 91 in Helena.  The northern terminus is at the intersection with U.S. Route 31 (US 31) in Pelham.  North of US 31, the route is designated as CR 17 and continues to US 280 in the Inverness area of Hoover. Mileage is measured from Helena; miles are marked by roadside green metal mile markers. Throughout its length SR 261 is also known as and commonly appears on maps and street signs as Helena Road. The majority of the route is relatively level through suburban housing and commercial businesses, the steepest grades occur approaching and departing the Buck Creek floodplain.

It is expected that as work will begin to widen the highway to five lanes between US 31 and CR 105 (Bearden Road) as soon as 2012.  Long range plans call for routing SR 261 around historic Old Town Helena via a new bypass that will intersect with CR 52 west of the current terminus.

SR 261 crosses the Vulcan Materials Helena quarry on a concrete deck bridge (MP 2.2) east of Old Town Helena. The route crosses Buck Creek on a concrete pier supported steel W-shape girder bridge with a concrete deck (MP 1.3). Steel railings provide vehicle protection, a narrow sidewalk is present on the downstream side of the bridge. SR 261 crosses three railroad tracks at grade consisting of the CSX Transportation Lineville Subdivision east of Buck Creek (MP 1.4) and the CSX Transportation S&NA Subdivision (and connected siding) west of Buck Creek (MP 1.2). The Lineville Subdivision crossing is equipped with flashing lights, the S&NA South Subdivision crossing is equipped with flashing lights and crossing arms.

A historic marker for the Central Iron Works rolling mill, built in 1865 and since destroyed, is at the intersection of Lake Davidson Road and SR 261 in Helena at milepost 1.2.

On March 27, 1994, a F2 tornado touched down on the northern edge of Helena at the Bearden Farm on the west side of the route, then moved across the road near Pelham High School and continued into Pelham and other communities to the east causing damage to many business buildings.

Major intersections

References

261
261
Mike Foley (Nebraska politician)

Mike Foley (born April 5, 1954) is an American politician who formerly served as the 41st lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 2015 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously elected to the Nebraska Legislature from 2001 to 2007 and served as the Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts from 2007 until 2015. Following the Nebraska 2022 elections he was elected and won to serve as auditor of Nebraska serving since 2023.

Personal life
Foley was born in Rochester, New York and graduated from Bishop Kearney High School in 1972, the State University of New York at Brockport in 1976, and Michigan State University with an M.B.A. He held summer positions in the offices of the United States Department of Transportation and the United States International Trade Commission.  For 18 years, he was the director of financial analysis for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners in Washington, DC.  Prior to that position he was a consultant with Kirschner Associates.

He is married to Nebraska native Susan (Seiker) Foley. They have six children and are members of St. Peter's Catholic Church in Lincoln, Nebraska.

Nebraska Legislature
Foley was elected in 2000 to represent the 29th Nebraska legislative district, and reelected in 2004 with 70% of the vote. He sat on the Judiciary and the Transportation and Telecommunications committees. He resigned in January, 2007 to become state auditor after winning a statewide election for that position in the 2006 election cycle.

In 2005, senator Foley opposed two bills prohibiting the state government's discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation; regarding the measures, he stated, "[H]omosexual conduct is wrong.  And it's OK to think that it is wrong. And it is OK to say that it is wrong."

Auditor of Public Accounts
On November 7, 2006, Foley defeated incumbent Democrat Kate Witek to become the Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts. In 2010 he was re-elected to a second term with 80% of the statewide vote.

Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska
Pete Ricketts selected Foley to replace Lavon Heidemann as his running mate in the 2014 Nebraska governor's race. The ticket ran successfully again in 2018.

References

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1954 births
21st-century American politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Nebraska
Living people
Nebraska Auditors of Public Accounts
Republican Party Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Lincoln, Nebraska
Ramada (shelter)

In the southwestern United States, a ramada () is a temporary or permanent shelter equipped with a roof but no walls, or only partially enclosed.

Ramadas have traditionally been constructed with branches or bushes by aboriginal Americans living in the region.  However, the term today is also applied to permanent concrete, wooden, or steel structures used to shelter objects or people from the sun.  For example, public parks in desert areas of the United States may contain ramadas with picnic tables, restrooms, water sources, etc.  Since sunlight is more of an environmental hazard than wind or snow or rain in this part of the world, a roof alone provides substantial shelter.  And because there are no walls in the structure, airflow is unrestricted, helping to keep the temperature below the roof substantially cooler than ambient.

An example of a large modern-day ramada can be seen at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument in Arizona, where it is used to protect ancient ruins.

External links
 Hohokam Indians of the Tucson Basin

Huts

Traditional Native American dwellings
Treble reel

The Treble reel is a dance done in hard shoes to a reel (4/4) timing. Treble reels are more to be found in the show dancing world rather than in the competition world. Dance schools who organize competitions ("feiseanna" <fesh-ah-na>) can decide whether to have a treble reel competition or not. Usually they occur under a Special Trophy competition.

Irish dances
Tarion

Tarion, formerly known as the Ontario New Home Warranty Program, is a not-for-profit consumer protection organization established by the Government of Ontario in 1976 to administer the province’s new home warranty program. It is financed entirely by new home enrolment fees.

Mission
By law, all new homes built in Ontario are provided with a warranty by the builder. Tarion’s role is to ensure that buyers of newly built homes in Ontario receive the coverage they are entitled to under their builder’s warranty. 

Tarion’s responsibilities include:

 Educating new home buyers and new home owners about their warranty rights and responsibilities;
 Facilitating the fair resolution of disputes between homeowners and builders over warranty coverage, repairs or customer service;
 Assessing warranty claims to determine if they are valid either through an on-site inspection or alternative method of investigation;
 In cases where a builder fails to address a valid warranty claim, resolving the claim directly with the homeowner either through compensation or repairs by a third party; and,
 Managing a guarantee fund to protect new home buyers, out of which compensation for warranty claims is paid.

Effective February 1, 2021, Tarion's previous licensing responsibilities have been transitioned to the Home Construction Regulatory Authority. The HCRA is now responsible for regulating new home builders and vendors in the province.

References

External links
Tarion
Tarion steps in to help Wasaga Beach condo owners
Beware of illegal builders, Tarion CEO warns

Ontario law
Il Messaggero

Il Messaggero (Italian : "The Messenger") is an Italian newspaper based in Rome, Italy. It has been in circulation since 1878.

History and profile

Il Messaggero was founded in December 1878. On 1 January 1879, the first issue of Il Messaggero was published, under the management of Luigi Cesana. The paper aimed at being the newspaper of newspapers and at providing its readers with all opinions and all events. The first four copies of the paper were delivered as free samples to the subscribers of the newspaper, Il Fanfulla. One of the early editors-in-chief of Il Messaggero was Alberto Cianca who resigned from the post due to political reasons.

Since its inception, Il Messaggero has been owned by different companies. One of the former owners is Montedison through the Ferruzzi Group. In 1996 the paper was acquired by Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone. He founded the Caltagirone Editore in 1999. The company is the majority owner of the paper which has its 90%. Its leaders include Azzurra Caltagirone, the partner of the political leader Pierferdinando Casini, on its board. The company also owns Corriere Adriatico and Il Mattino. The publisher of the daily is Il Messaggero S.p.A.

Il Messaggero is published in broadsheet format and is based in Rome. In addition to its national edition the paper has 12 local editions, including those for the regions of Lazio, Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo and Tuscany.

Circulation
The 1988 circulation of Il Messaggero was 370,000 copies. It was the sixth best-selling Italian newspaper in 1997 with a circulation of 256,400 copies. The paper had a circulation of 288,000 copies in 1999.

In 2000 the circulation of the paper was 292,000 copies. Its circulation was 293,000 copies in 2001 and 258,538 copies in 2002. The circulation of the paper was 252,000 copies in 2003 and 240,778 copies in 2004. The paper had a circulation of 230,697 copies in 2005. Its circulation was 216,000 copies in 2007.

In 2012 Il Messaggero sold 91,012,767 copies.

References

External links
 Official website

1878 establishments in Italy
Italian-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Rome
Newspapers established in 1878
Daily newspapers published in Italy
Porlamar

Porlamar () is a city and major seaport in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. It is situated on the southern coast of Margarita Island, one of three islands in the Caribbean Sea off the South American mainland which make up the state of Nueva Esparta, at a distance of  from the state capital of La Asunción. Porlamar is the capital of Mariño, the most populous of the eleven municipalities into which the state of Nueva Esparta is divided.

History

The city was founded as Puerto de la Mar (now Porlamar) on the southeast coast in 1536, less than 40 years after Christopher Columbus first sailed through. In 1561 it was briefly captured by the Latin American conquistador and rebel Lope de Aguirre. Aguirre and his men executed several of the town's residents, including its governor, and looted the royal treasury. Even after Aguirre's demise on the mainland, the beach in which he first landed on the island is still referred to as playa del Tirano (Tyrant's beach)

In 1680 the Council of the Indies ordered Juan Fermín de Huidobro to build a fortress with four bastions and a watchtower known as San Carlos Borromeo. Porlamar was a quiet fishing village until the arrival of air travel. Since then it has become the central hub of the island with shops, restaurants and nightlife supported mostly by European and Venezuelan tourism.

Demographics
Porlamar is home to about one-third of Margarita Island's population.

Economy
Porlamar is Margarita Island's center of commerce. Since it was granted free-port status in 1973, its boutique-lined avenues have been crowded with tourists. In the late 1990s, the economic downfall hit Porlamar.

Transportation
Del Caribe International General Santiago Marino Airport (PMV) in Porlamar has charter services to Europe and Colombia as well as scheduled passenger flights to destinations in Venezuela. It is located  southwest of the city center.

Geography
Porlamar is situated on the southeast coast of Margarita Island on the bay of Guaraguao, which is shielded from northeast winds by Cabo El Morro. The city is bisected by the seasonal El Valle river.

Climate
Porlamar has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with hot day time temperatures and warm night time temperatures year round. Rainfall peaks from June to August and from November to February. Average sunshine hours are very consistent year round.

Twin cities
 Cancún, Mexico
 Cartagena, Colombia
 Miami, USA

References

External links 
San Francisco Chronicle article

 
Margarita Island
Cities in Nueva Esparta
Populated places established in 1536
Populated coastal places in Venezuela
1536 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Ian Smith (Australian politician)

Ian Winton Smith (born 25 November 1939) is a former Australian Liberal Party politician. He represented the Electoral district of Warrnambool in the State of Victoria as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from 1967 until 1983. He resigned to contest Liberal Party pre-selection unsuccessfully for the Federal Division of Wannon, even though he would have been required to resign from the State Parliament only if he had been successful in the pre-selection. He later re-entered the Victorian Parliament as an MLA for the Electoral district of Polwarth from 1985 to 1999.

Biography
Smith was born at Terang, Victoria, and educated at Terang Primary and Secondary Schools and Geelong Grammar School. He has a farming background, living at the "Gwinganna" family farm near Terang until his first marriage in 1967, when he purchased and moved to another farm, "Jingella", near Camperdown. He sold that farm in 1988 and moved, living in both Lorne and Melbourne. He joined the Liberal Party in 1957. He has been married twice, first to Jennifer Louise Bartlam with whom he has two sons, Edward and James. His second marriage to Anne Michelle Renshaw produced two daughters, Victoria and Jacqueline. He later produced a son with Cheryl Harris.

Political career
His political career includes: Minister of Water Supply, 1970; Minister for Social Welfare, which he established and reformed child care 1970–1973; Minister for Youth, Sport and Recreation, which he established 1972–1973; Minister for Agriculture, 1973–1980, where he undertook many market reforms; Minister for Economic Development, which he established, 1980–1981; Minister for State Development, Decentralization and Tourism, 1980; Minister for Finance, 1992–1995, where he undertook many reforms to privatize public sector assets, reduce the public sector workforce by 23% and reduce state debt and liabilities.

Always a controversial MP, Smith was once seen as a future leader of the Liberal Party. He was sacked from Rupert Hamer's Cabinet, then reinstated three days later. In June 1981 Smith played a major role in forcing Hamer to leave the premiership. When Jeff Kennett became premier in a 1992 landslide, Smith was appointed Minister for Finance, but resigned from the Kennett cabinet because of legal action brought against him by Cheryl Harris who was pregnant with his child. He later won that legal action but retired from politics in 1999.

Post-politics

Since politics, Smith has built a successful business career with company directorships and an agribusiness consultancy. In 2009, he was elected to the voluntary position of Chairman of the Corangamite Federal Electorate Council of the Liberal Party of Australia, Victorian Division.

References

1939 births
Living people
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
People educated at Geelong Grammar School
Ministers for Agriculture (Victoria)
Ministers for Finance (Victoria)
Ministers for Water (Victoria)
Ministers for Youth (Victoria)
Saint Paul School

Saint Paul School is a Catholic, co-educational, elementary school in Cranston, Rhode Island, United States. It serves students from the cities of Cranston, Warwick and Providence in Rhode Island, USA.

Originally staffed by the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, it is now led by a community of lay teachers, staff, parents, alumni, and parishioners of Saint Paul Church. The school is guided by the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and the Diocese of Providence, Rhode Island.

In 2006, the school renamed its renovated auditorium for Jean Patterson, the principal of St. Paul School from 1994–2005. Under Patterson's leadership, enrollment increased, curricula were updated, sports teams were established, and major renovations to the school were completed.

Information
Saint Paul School, under the direction of Principal John Corey and St. Paul Church Pastor Father Francis Santilli, serves students in grades pre-kindergarten through 8. The school has athletic teams, a computer lab and an after-school program. The oldest Catholic school in Cranston, it opened its doors in 1922.

References

External links
St. Paul School website

1922 establishments in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Cranston, Rhode Island
Schools in Providence County, Rhode Island
Educational institutions established in 1922
Gurk Abbey

Gurk Abbey () was a short-lived nunnery in Gurk, Carinthia (in present-day Austria), founded in 1043 by Saint Hemma of Gurk.

The monastery arose at the site of a former Celtic temple, dedicated to the Gallo-Roman goddess Epona. In 898 the Carolingian emperor Arnulf granted the Gurk valley to his son Zwentibold, one of Saint Hemma's ancestors. A widow since the killing of her husband William, margrave on the Sann in 1036, she founded a convent of noble ladies on the Gurk manor, apparently without implying a strict order rule. She had a church erected, dedicated to Saint Mary, which was consecrated on 15 August 1043. Her endowment comprised extended estates in the Duchy of Carinthia and its Styrian and Carniolan marches. She also ceded large properties in the Enns valley to the Salzburg archbishop, the basis for the foundation of Admont Abbey in 1074.

Saint Hemma possibly joined the Gurk convent herself. She died about two years later and was buried in the monastery church. The nunnery was dissolved in 1070 by Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg, who used the assets so realised to establish the suffragan Diocese of Gurk centered at Gurk Cathedral. Hemma's mortal remains were transferred to the newly erected cathedral in 1174; the former abbey church decayed and was finally demolished in the 19th century.

References 

Benedictine monasteries in Austria
Monasteries in Carinthia (state)
1043 establishments in Europe
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
1072 disestablishments in Europe
Benedictine nunneries in Austria
11th-century establishments in Austria
Establishments in the Duchy of Carinthia

de:Stift Gurk
List of ISO romanizations

List of ISO standards for transliterations and romanizations:

Romanizations 
ISO 3602:1989 (Romanization of Japanese (kana script))
ISO 7098:2015 (Romanization of Chinese)

Transliterations 
 ISO 9:1995 (Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters — Slavic and non-Slavic languages)
 ISO 233-2:1993 (Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters — Part 2: Arabic language — Simplified transliteration)
 ISO 233-3:1999 (Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters — Part 3: Persian language — Simplified transliteration)
 ISO 259:1984 (Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters)
 ISO 259-2:1994 (Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters — Part 2: Simplified transliteration)
 ISO 843:1997 (Conversion of Greek characters into Latin characters)
 ISO 9984:1996 (Transliteration of Georgian characters into Latin characters)
 ISO 9985:1996 (Transliteration of Armenian characters into Latin characters)
 ISO 11940:1998 (Transliteration of Thai)
 ISO 11940-2:2007 (Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin characters — Part 2: Simplified transcription of Thai language)
 ISO/TR 11941:1996 (Transliteration of Korean script into Latin characters, withdrawn in 2013)
 ISO 15919:2001 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters)
 ISO 20674-1:2019 (Transliteration of scripts in use in Thailand — Part 1: Transliteration of Akson-Thai-Noi)

See also
List of ISO standards

External links
ISO field 01.140.10 — Writing and transliteration

Romanization
 
ISO romanizations
Philadelphia Film Festival

The Philadelphia Film Festival is a film festival founded by the Philadelphia Film Society held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The annual festival is held at various theater venues throughout the Greater Philadelphia Area.

Overview 
The annual festival lasts for two weeks in October. The festival also holds a three day "springfest" in June.

Venues have included the Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts, the PFS Roxy Theater, the Prince Theater (now known as the Philadelphia Film Center),  the Landmark Ritz Theatres, the PFS Bourse Theater, the PFS East Theater, and the PFS Drive-In at the Navy Yard. 

Screening categories hosted by the festival include Centerpieces, Spotlights, Special Events, Masters of Cinema, World View, Non/Fiction, After Hours, From the Vaults,  Made in USA, Cinema de France, Green Screen (Environmental films), Visions of Iran, "Sights and Soundtrack" and short films. Its Filmadelphia category, previously known as "Festival of the Independents,"  promotes local filmmakers. 

Notable members of the Festival Advisory Board include Aubrey Plaza and Adam McKay.

History
Until 2009, it was held during the first weeks of April; after which, the Film Festival shifted its dates from the spring to the fall in October. About 35,000 tickets sold in the 20th annual Film Festival to over 250 screenings.

Notable films at the festival have included Silver Linings Playbook (set in Philadelphia), Border, Burning, Green Book, The Guilty, Happy as Lazzaro, Roma, Shoplifters, Parasite, JoJo Rabbit, Portrait of a Lady on Fire, Beanpole, Knives Out, Blue Velvet (1986), Magnolia (1999), Nomadland, Ammonite, Black Bear, Minari, Sound of Metal, Philly native  Questlove's directorial debut Summer of Soul, The Sparks Brothers and Werewolves Within.

In 2017, M. Night Shyamalan and David Plaza (father of Aubrey) joined the Philadelphia Film Society's board of directors. 

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the PFF screened most of their films virtually in October 2020. Other films were shown via a drive-in format at the Philadelphia Navy Yard.

In October 2021, the 30th Anniversary Film Festival screened such notable films as Belfast, The Electrical Life of Louis Wain, King Richard, The French Dispatch, Encounter and Spencer.

See also

 Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
 Philadelphia Asian American Film Festival
 Philadelphia Independent Film Festival

References

External links
 Philadelphia Film Society 
 Greater Philadelphia Student Film Festival 

Film festivals in Philadelphia
Film festivals established in 1991
1991 establishments in Pennsylvania
Twentysomething (album)

Twentysomething is the third studio album by English singer Jamie Cullum. It was released on 20 October 2003 in Europe, and in May 2004 in the United States. The album has sold 2.5 million copies worldwide, and achieved eleven platinum, eleven gold and two silver certifications. It is the fastest-selling jazz album in chart history and its sales led to Cullum ending 2003 as the UK's highest-selling jazz artist in history.

On this release, Cullum performs original material as well as covers and standards. The lead single from the album was "All at Sea" and "These Are The Days/Frontin'" was the highest-charting single at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.

Critical reception

In a review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau wrote: "This Brit is good enough at what he does to make you wonder why he bothers. With Norah Jones putting young-person-with-old-ideas shtick in the bank, the commercial logic we get. But beyond a cross-generational reach achievable in any genre and a swinging musicality he negotiates with too much heavy breathing, what's the artistic payoff?" John Fordham wrote: "The point of the disc is the songs, and in both the choice of the material and the range of interpretation, Jamie Cullum's ability to learn fast and listen hard has undoubtedly made this set a leap forward from his self-generated Pointless Nostalgic debut".

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2003 albums
Albums produced by Stewart Levine
Candid Records albums
Jamie Cullum albums
Universal Classics and Jazz albums
Verve Records albums
DisciplesWorld

DisciplesWorld was an independent news journal for the Disciples of Christ based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Incorporated in 2002, it was managed by a 12-member board of directors. The founders were James Suggs and Robert Friedly. The journal was circulated across the United States and Canada to both churches and private homes. DisciplesWorld ceased publication at the end of 2009.

DisciplesWorld was a successor to The Disciple, the Church's official magazine published by the Christian Board of Publication until it was discontinued in March 2002 for financial reasons. An archive of DisciplesWorld online articles is maintained by Disciples of Christ Historical Society.

The role of journals in the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 

Beginning with the publication of The Christian Baptist by Alexander Campbell in 1823, journals have played a major role in shaping the thought and dialog of the movement from which the Disciples emerged.

DisciplesWorld tried to keep that publishing tradition alive. Publishing articles on a wide variety of issues for the church, the journal prompted some lively discussions among members across the entire church. As an independent journal, it was free to explore many points of view.

References

External links
DisciplesWorld.com
Official blog

2002 establishments in Indiana
2009 disestablishments in Indiana
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines disestablished in 2009
Magazines published in Indianapolis
Religion in Indianapolis
News magazines published in the United States
Vaccinium reticulatum

Vaccinium reticulatum, known as  in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It grows at altitudes of  on lava flows and freshly disturbed volcanic ash on Maui and Hawaii, and less commonly on Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai. Adaptations to volcanic activity include the ability to survive ash falls of over  depth.

Description
 is a shrub usually  tall, rarely up to . The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, leathery, oval,  long, red when freshly emerging, then green or green with reddish patches. The flowers are bell-shaped,  long, variable in color, red to yellow or pink.

Fruit
The fruit is an edible berry  diameter, ranging in color from blue to purple to red to orange to yellow. The color does not necessarily indicate the ripeness of the berries. The berries taste somewhat similar to the related cranberries, less ripe ones being tart, while ripe berries are quite sweet but bland. They are an important food source for the nēnē (Branta sandvicensis); the seeds are dispersed in the birds' droppings (endozoochory).

Uses
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) can be obtained by the means of V. pahalae in vitro cell culture.

See also
Hawaiian Vaccinium

References

 Plants of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Vaccinium reticulatum

External links

 
 
 

Alpine flora
Endemic flora of Hawaii
reticulatum
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Broca's Brain

Broca's Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science is a 1979 book by the astrophysicist Carl Sagan. Its chapters were originally articles published between 1974 and 1979 in various magazines, including The Atlantic Monthly, The New Republic, Physics Today, Playboy, and Scientific American.  In the introduction, Sagan wrote:

Title
The title essay is named in honor of the French physician, anatomist and anthropologist Paul Broca (1824–1880). He is best known for his discovery that different functions are assigned to different parts of the brain. He believed that by studying the brains of cadavers and correlating the known experiences of the former owners of the organs, human behavior could eventually be discovered and understood. To that end, he saved hundreds of human brains in jars of formalin; among the collection is his own brain. When Sagan finds it in the Musée de l'Homme, he poses questions that challenge some core ideas of human existence such as "How much of that man known as Paul Broca can still be found in this jar?"—a question that evokes both religious and scientific argument.

Contents
A major part of the book is devoted to debunking "paradoxers" who either live at the edge of science or are outright charlatans. An example of this is the controversy surrounding Immanuel Velikovsky's ideas presented in the book Worlds in Collision. Another large part of the book discusses naming conventions for the members of our solar system and their physical features. Sagan also discusses science fiction at some length. Here, he mentions Robert A. Heinlein as being one of his favorite science fiction authors in his childhood. Near death experiences and their cultural ambiguity is another topic of the essays. Sagan also criticizes ideas developed in Robert K. G. Temple's book The Sirius Mystery, published three years earlier in 1975.

In the final section of the book, "Ultimate Questions", Sagan writes:

Reception
Kirkus Reviews stated that, as an essayist, Sagan was "no Bronowski", and overall judged the collection to be "a mixed, often surprising bag of treats".

People considered that—aside from the "strangely touching" chapter about Broca's preserved brain—the book as a whole "rambles", with "plenty of science ... but little romance."

“Magnificent . . . Delightful . . . A masterpiece. A message of tremendous hope for humanity . . . While ever conscious that human folly can terminate man’s march into the future, Sagan nonetheless paints for us a mind-boggling future: intelligent robots, the discovery of extraterrestrial life and its consequences, and above all the challenge and pursuit of the mystery of the universe.”—Chicago Tribune

References

1979 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
English-language books
Random House books
Science books
Scientific skepticism mass media
Works by Carl Sagan
Books about Dogon religion
Brian Gillen

Brian "Ginger" Gillen (born 1956/1957) was alleged to be a volunteer in the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and, later, named to the IRA Army Council. His solicitor was Patrick Finucane, who was shot dead by loyalists in 1989.

In 1995 Gillen, as Officer Commanding of the IRA's Belfast Brigade, was a member of the IRA Executive and was critical of the strategy employed by Gerry Adams. In 1997, he was elected to the Army Council with the backing of Adams, after he backed the leadership over dissident republicans who wished to steer the IRA in a more hardline direction.

In 2000, Gillen, along with Adams, Martin McGuinness, Pat Doherty and Brian Keenan were issued with a subpoena, in order to appear at Northern Ireland High Court as part of a civil action which was taken by relatives of the 29 Omagh bombing victims.

References

External links
Brian Gillen, ex-Belfast Brigade boss, sued police over assault, belfasttelegraph.co.uk; accessed 24 September 2015.

1950s births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Paramilitaries from Belfast
Living people
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Bob Van Dillen

Robert S. Van Dillen (born October 6, 1972), occasionally known as Bobby Van Dillen, is an American meteorologist currently working at Fox Weather as on-air host.

He was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He moved to the Shongum Lake section of Randolph, New Jersey in 1977 and graduated in 1991 from Randolph High School.

Van Dillen earned a Bachelor of Science degree in meteorology from Millersville University of Pennsylvania.  He began his career in Long Island, New York, as a forecaster for the Metro Weather Service.  He subsequently worked for ABC affiliate WUTR in Utica, New York, CBS affiliate WTVH in Syracuse, New York, and NBC affiliate WCNC-TV in Charlotte, North Carolina. He began working at CNN world headquarters in Atlanta in September 2002.

Van Dillen was awarded the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Seal of Approval in March 1997 and is a full member of the AMS.

References

External links
Bob Van Dillen's CNN bio page.

American television journalists
American television meteorologists
1972 births
Living people
CNN people
Millersville University of Pennsylvania alumni
Mass media people from Montclair, New Jersey
People from Randolph, New Jersey
Randolph High School (New Jersey) alumni
American male journalists
Kansas City Times

The Kansas City Times was a morning newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri, published from 1867 to 1990. The morning Kansas City Times, under ownership of the afternoon Kansas City Star, won two Pulitzer Prizes and was bigger than its parent when its name was changed to The Star.

History
John C. Moore and John Newman Edwards founded The Times in 1867 to support the Democratic Party's anti-Reconstruction policies. Edwards had been adjutant of Confederate general Joseph O. Shelby's division during the American Civil War. Moore was a colonel under Shelby, and before that chief of staff to General John S. Marmaduke, judge adjutant general, and second in the Marmaduke-Walker duel.

William Rockhill Nelson bought The Times on October 19, 1901, mainly because he wanted The Times''' Associated Press wire. Nelson applied a subheading to the newspaper The Morning Kansas City Star and declared that The Kansas City Star empire was a 24-hour-a-day newspaper. In accordance with Nelson's will, employees took over the newspaper in 1926 upon the death of Nelson's daughter.

The Star and Times were locally owned by employees until 1977, when they were sold to Capital Cities. Under corporate ownership, The Times had higher circulation than its evening sister paper. Capital Cities made attempts to make the newsrooms appear to compete (though Kansas City did not have competing dailies after The Kansas City Journal folded in 1942). The Times won its only Pulitzer Prizes in 1982. Rick Atkinson won an award for "National Reporting", and The Times shared an award with The Star for "Local General or Spot New Reporting" for its coverage of the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse.

On March 1, 1990, The Star (then under ownership of Capital Cities/ABC) applied its name to the morning paper and The Times'' name disappeared, meaning that Kansas City no longer had an afternoon daily.

References

External links

 PBS American Experience Article on John Newman Edwards

Kansas City Times
Defunct newspapers published in Missouri
Newspapers established in 1867
1867 establishments in Missouri
1990 disestablishments in Missouri
Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers
Pain de campagne

Pain de campagne ("country bread" in French), also called "French sourdough", is typically a large round loaf ("miche") made from either natural leavening or baker's yeast. Most traditional versions of this bread are made with a combination of white flour with whole wheat flour and/or rye flour, water, leavening and salt. For centuries, French villages had communal ovens where the townsfolk would bring their dough to be baked, and the loaves weighed from . Such large loaves would feed a family for days or weeks, until the next baking day.

Before the advent of roller milling, virtually all wheat was milled by stone grinding. In order to produce a lighter, less chewy bread, the whole wheat flour was sifted or bolted using mesh or cloth. This resulted in a whiter flour that still retained some of the bran and germ. The addition of rye flour in some recipes probably originates from the presence of rye growing among the wheat. All the grain was harvested together, and as much as 10 percent of it would be rye. Rye flour ferments more quickly than wheat flour, and it imparts a distinctive flavor to traditional pains de campagne.

With the rise of commercial yeast at the turn of the 20th century, pain de campagne fell out of favor in French cities, where it was replaced by the baguette. However, with the rise of artisan breads in the 1970s, pain de campagne has been growing in popularity, both in Europe and the US.

Today pain de campagne is still made in France, and is enjoying a growing appreciation in the United States and  the UK. When made traditionally, the dough is allowed to ferment for several hours, allowing the yeasts to grow and develop the flavors. The dough is then rounded and placed in linen-lined baskets called "bannetons". After the dough has risen, it is dumped out of the basket and onto peel, and slid into the oven where it bakes at around 240 °C (450 °F) for about one hour.

References

External links

 Pain de Campagne video
 Pain de Campagne sourdough recipe

Yeast breads
French breads
Eddie Copeland

Eddie Copeland is a prominent Irish republican from Belfast, Northern Ireland.

He joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army after the fatal shooting of his father by the British Army. John Copeland died on 31 October 1971, two days after being shot near his home in Strathroy Park in Ardoyne. John Copeland was not known to be affiliated with any paramilitary group.

Copeland has been the target of loyalist paramilitaries. In December 1996 he was seriously injured in an Ulster Defence Association car bomb attack at his home. He suffered leg and arm injuries but escaped with his life when loyalist paramilitaries planted a booby-trap beneath his car. The bomb had been made by Frankie Curry, who had been a leading figure in the Red Hand Commandos before becoming an independent dissident. Copeland later received £60,000 in compensation for the injuries he received.

On 8 February 1995, Andrew Clarke (27), a private in the British Army, was sentenced at Belfast Crown Court to ten years' imprisonment for the attempted murder of Copeland when he opened fire on mourners outside the home of deceased IRA Volunteer Thomas Begley in Belfast in October 1993.

On 19 May 1999, the Ministry of Defence was found guilty of negligence at Belfast High Court and Copeland was awarded £27,500 compensation for the injuries he received.

In 2001, Copeland was refused bail at Belfast High Court on charges of kidnapping, false imprisonment, assault and threatening to kill another person. The charges arose from the abduction of a man from a betting shop in Ardoyne. Copeland denied all charges. The charges were withdrawn in August 2002.

References

Living people
Paramilitaries from Belfast
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Year of birth missing (living people)