alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Malaysia Derivatives Exchange

The Malaysia Derivatives Exchange (MDEX), also known as Malaysian Distribution Exchange, is a limited share company formed during June 2001 in Malaysia through the merger of the Kuala Lumpur Options and Financial Futures Exchange (KLOFFE) and the Commodity and Monetary Exchange of Malaysia (COMMEX Malaysia). It is a subsidiary of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE).

MDEX is fully electronic, using the KLOFFE Automated Trading System (KATS). The exchange's most active contract is crude palm oil futures. It also trades futures and options on the KLSE Composite Index, three-month KLIBOR (Kuala Lumpur Interbank Offered Rate) futures, and five-year Malaysian Government securities futures. All derivatives except crude palm oil are cash settled. The KATS system has two trading sessions, separated by a lunch break. Trading is done Monday through Friday, from 8:45 a.m. to 6 p.m.

History
The Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (KLCE) was the first futures exchange in Malaysia and all of Southeast Asia, established in 1980. In 1996, the Malaysian Monetary Exchange was incorporated to assist in the exchange's expansion to financial futures. The Commodity and Monetary Exchange of Malaysia (COMEX) succeeded the KLCE and the Malaysia Commodity Exchange, a subsidiary of the former KLCE. It merged with the Kuala Lumpur Options and Financial Futures Exchange (KLOFFE) in December 2000 and formed the Malaysia Derivatives Exchange (MDEX).

Strategic Partnership
The MDEX entered a partnership with Chicago Mercantile Exchange to improve accessibility to its global offerings. This partnership includes licensing of the settlement prices of the crude palm oil futures (FCPO) to establish Malaysia as the global benchmark for the commodity.

The partnership involves swap of ownership. Chicago Mercantile Exchange holds 25% of the equity stake, while the remaining is held by Bursa Malaysia Berhad.

See also 
 List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations

External links 
 Official Website of Malaysia Derivatives Exchange
 Official Website of Malaysia KLIBOR

2001 establishments in Malaysia
Finance in Malaysia
Palm oil production in Malaysia
Bursa Malaysia
South African National Academy of Intelligence

The Intelligence Academy formerly known as the South African National Academy of Intelligence (SANAI) is responsible for training the members of the South African intelligence services and agencies. The South African National Academy of Intelligence is a part of the State Security Agency.

History
Prior to the creation of the National Intelligence Agency and South African Secret Service in 1995, the old National Intelligence Service (NIS) created in 1980, had established an Intelligence Academy at its Farm, the NIS facility south-east of Pretoria. This would be where the intelligence officers of the two new organisations created in 1995, were trained prior to the establishment of a new academy.

SANAI was established in February 2003, and officially opened by Jacob Zuma on 28 February and comprises an academic faculty, an intelligence research institute as well as an education, training and development support component. The campus of SANAI is located in the town of Mafikeng and is known as the Mzwandile Piliso Campus. Mzwandile Piliso was a previous head of the exiled ANC's Department of National Intelligence and Security. This campus used to be owned by the Bophuthatswana Intelligence Service, which was one of the then statutory services amalgamated into the National Intelligence Agency and the South African Secret Service in 1995. In 2006, the principal of the academy was Mr. Mphakama Mbete.

Organisational branches
The South African National Academy of Intelligence is organized into three branches:
 Academic Faculty
 Intelligence Research Institute
 Education, Training and Development Support.

Legislation
The National Academy of Intelligence is governed by the following legislation:
 Intelligence Services Act 65 of 2002,
 Public Service Act, 103 of 1994,
 Public Finance Management Act, 1 of 1999,
 South African Qualifications Act of 1995.

References

South African intelligence agencies
Az Zubayr

Az Zubayr () is a city in and the capital of Al-Zubair District, part of the Basra Governorate of Iraq. The city is just south of Basra. The name can also refer to the old Emirate of Zubair.

The name is also sometimes written  Al Zubayr, Al Zubair, Az Zubair, Zubair, Zoubair, El Zubair, or Zobier.

History of Zubair

Early history

The city was named al-Zubair because one of the Sahaba (companions) of the Prophet Muhammad, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, was buried there.

Recent history
During the Ottoman times, the city was a self-ruling Sheikhdom ruled by a Sheikh from Najdi families, such as Al Zuhair, Al Meshry, Al Rashed, and Al ibrahim families. Like other Sheikdoms under the Ottoman Empire, the Sheikdom of Zubair used to pay dues and receive protection from the Ottomans. In the 19th century, the city of Zubair witnessed relatively large migrations from Najd. Up until the 1970s and 1980s, the town was predominantly populated by people who moved from Najed. Now only a few families remain of the old inhabitants. Most of them moved back to Najd and other regions of Saudi Arabia. In the period of Najdi is inhabitance the city it was dominated by the Sunni denomination of Islam, unlike the Shia Basra nearby.

21st century
By 2008, the city of Zubair had a population of around 240,000 people and had grown to merge into the Basra metropolitan area with nearly 3 million inhabitants in total. As in Basra, the municipality of Zubair currently has a Shia majority and is barely distinguishable from Basra itself. But, contrary to Basra, Zubair is still home to a large Sunni minority. However, they have faced violence from Shia militants during the Iraqi Civil War, and many have fled to Gulf countries and Sunni areas of Iraq.

Climate
Az Zubayr has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Az Zubayr is . About  of precipitation falls annually.

References

External links
Iraq Image - Az Zubayr Satellite Observation

District capitals of Iraq
Former emirates
Zubayr
Koshino

Koshino may refer to:

 Koshino, Fukui, a village in Japan
 Michiko Koshino, a Japanese fashion designer
Baldred Bisset

Baldred Bisset ( 1260 – 1311?) was a medieval Scottish lawyer.

Life
During the Scottish Wars of Independence, he was responsible for the Scottish submissions to the papal curia of 1301. 
Along with his colleagues William Frere and William of Eaglesham he prepared the Scottish case for sovereignty in the face of English claims and aggression by drawing upon and modifying the existing literature dealing with the foundation myths of the Scottish people, as well as those of the other inhabitants of what would later be called Great Britain, and with a lawyer's eye appraising the historical treaties between the two nations such as the Treaty of Falaise of 1174–1189 and their evolution or repudiation.

He was deprived of the parsonage of Kinghorn by King Edward I of England.

Notes

References
Ferguson, William. The Identity of the Scottish Nation: A Historic Quest, (Edinburgh, 1998), 

Medieval Scottish diplomats
Medieval Scottish jurists
14th-century jurists
Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
1260s births
1310s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
Clan Bissett
People from Fife
Kochanski

Kochanski or Kochański (Polish feminine: Kochańska) is a surname. It may refer to:

 Adam Adamandy Kochański (1631–1700), Polish mathematician
 Grazyna Kochanska, Polish-American developmental psychologist
 Halik Kochanski (born 1962), British historian of Poland
 Kristine Kochanski, fictional character from the Red Dwarf TV series
 Mors Kochanski (1940–2019), Canadian bushman and wilderness survival expert
 Paul Kochanski (1887–1934), Polish violinist (born Paweł Kochański)
 Prakseda Marcelina Kochańska or Marcella Sembrich (1858–1935), Polish soprano
 Władysław Kochański (1918–1980), Polish army officer

See also
 
 

Polish-language surnames
Outlaw Posse

Outlaw Posse was a British hip hop group formed by Bello B (real name Isaac Bello) and K-Gee (real name Karl Gordon). They also recorded together as Outlaw and Brothers Like Outlaw, before the group finally split in 1992.

Biography
K-Gee started out as a drummer in the school band, but soon had a residency as a DJ in the Fringe in London. Together with his school friend Bello B, K-Gee used to rap over beats and basslines and record their efforts onto tape. The duo called themselves the Outlaw Posse, and the tapes they recorded came to the attention of DJ Richie Rich, who was making his name as both a club DJ and a recording artist in his own right. He was also the owner of Gee Street Records, and was impressed enough with the group to offer them some time in a recording studio. The tunes the group put together became their successful debut album, My Afro's On Fire (Gee Street, 1990), an album that was dedicated to Bello B's late brother, Bentil Bello.

Tours with Arrested Development and the Brand New Heavies followed, as the group went through their first change of name, releasing the singles "Party Time" and "Good Vibrations", both featuring the singer and songwriter Alison Evelyn (Gee Street, 1992) as Outlaw. The name did not last until the end of the year, and by the release of their final album the name had changed again to Brothers Like Outlaw. The album was well received amongst the fans and the music press, but the dissatisfaction with their name echoed the group's growing dissatisfaction with each other - their final album's title The Oneness of Two Minds In Unison (Gee Street, 1992) clearly intended to be ironic. Citing musical differences, the group split and went their separate ways in 1992 - although more recently K-Gee has stated that the group were actually recording a third album and split because of Gee Street's delays in putting out new material.

K-Gee went on to gain respect as a bootleg remixer, which eventually led to more official work coming his way. He is now most well known as the co-producer of several of the pop group All Saints' biggest hits, including their debut single, "I Know Where It's At" (London Records, 1997). Bello B went on to have a career as a solo artist, guesting on tracks by artists such as Dodge City Productions and rapping on The KLF's hit single "America: What Time Is Love?" (KLF Communications, 1992). He also released the single "Daddy on the Run"  (Amber Records, 1994) as Mistah Bello, which featured remixes by his old colleague K-Gee. Nowadays, the duo have put their differences behind them and remain good friends.

Discography
 My Afro's on Fire (1990), Gee Street
 The Oneness of Two Minds in Unison (1992), Gee Street

References

External links
 Discog's Outlaw Posse page
 Discog's K-Gee page
 Discog's Bello B page
 Heroes of UK Hip Hop's Outlaw Posse page
 Biography of K-Gee
 K-Gee's website

English hip hop groups
Gee Street Records artists
Kvikk Lunsj

Kvikk Lunsj (Norwegian: Quick Lunch) is the name of a chocolate bar that was launched by the Norwegian chocolate sweets manufacturing company, Freia, in 1937 and has been sold ever since — with the exception of a period during and after WWII. Between 1941 and 1949, production was halted due to a shortage of sugar and the lack of quality flour. The chocolate consists of four rectangular wafers covered in milk chocolate, with thinner layers of filler made from ground up discarded wafers and bars mixed with chocolate that is put between wafers in order to break the chocolate into pieces easier. The chocolate has been advertised as a "hiking chocolate", and it is often associated with skiing trips in Norwegian culture, especially during Easter vacation, where chocolate is often used to provide extra energy in packed lunches. Kvikk Lunsj is today owned and produced by Mondelez International and sold in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

In the course of one year, the average Norwegian eats nine Kvikk Lunsj chocolates. Three of these are on average consumed during Easter. 50 million bars are produced each year, of which between 400 and 500 tons are sold during Easter. A sizable proportion of sales are made in duty-free shops in Sweden and Denmark.

For many, Kvikk Lunsj has become a symbol of Norwegian culture, and there were therefore strong reactions when Freia replaced the packaging foil with an airtight packaging in 2005, in line with Freia's other chocolates. The packaging had been largely unchanged since 1938, and when the packaging was replaced, Facebook groups were created to show opposition. In the 1960s, Freia began printing the well-known  (Norwegian: the mountain code) on the back of the packaging.

Variants
The chocolate is also sold as larger chocolate bars under the name Kvikk Lunsj XXL. Kvikk Lunsj has also been sold in blueberry and orange flavors. The chocolate has otherwise remained unchanged from the original. The first chocolates that were produced were covered in dark chocolate, which performed poorly in the market. The product was almost entirely removed from the market until it was reintroduced with milk chocolate.

Kit Kat
Kit Kat is similar to Kvikk Lunsj. Kit Kat is a chocolate product that is sold internationally and was introduced in English markets by Rowntree Limited as "Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp" as early as 1935. This company was bought by Nestle in 1988. In 2006, Nestle was granted a trademark on the "four-fingered wafer shape" by the European Union Intellectual Property Office. However, in July 2018, the trademark was determined inadmissible by the Court of Justice of the European Union.

See also
 Mondelēz International
 Nestlé

References

External links
 Kvikk Lunsj official webpage 

Chocolate bars
Mondelez International brands
Norwegian confectionery
Norwegian cuisine
Norwegian brands
Osadeni Dushi

Osadeni Dushi () is a 1975 Bulgarian  epic film, written and directed by Vulo Radev based on the 1945 novel by Dimitar Dimov, and starring Jan Englert, Rousy Chanev, Mariana Dimitrova, and Edit Szalay.

Plot outline
The film tells the tragic story of British noblewoman Fanny Horn (Edit Szalay) and Jesuit priest Heredia (Jan Englert) against the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War. A rich young aristocrat who has spent her preceding years in a decadent lifestyle, Fanny falls in love with Heredia; however, although the priest feels the same, he places his fanatical devotion to his faith above their attraction. Fanny follows Heredia to a typhus outbreak at a camp near Pena Ronda and volunteers to work as a nurse under his command and to finance the camp. Nevertheless, the conditions at the camp are appalling and deteriorate sharply as the civil war begins. Fanny gradually becomes increasingly desperate with the fanatic and inhumane behaviour of Heredia, who turns out to be deeply involved in the plotting of the anti-republican side in the civil war. As Heredia continues to reject her love, and as she eventually witnesses his fanaticism take several human victims, Fanny shoots him. Her psychological breakdown has led her to begin taking morphine, which will eventually lead to her own demise.

Cast
 Jan Englert as Father Heredia
 Rousy Chanev as Jacques Muriet
 Mariana Dimitrova as Carmen
 Edit Szalay as Fanny Horn
 Valcho Kamarashev as Father Olivares
 Silvija Rangelova as Clara

Reception
Speaking toward Minister Vezhdi Rashidov's visit to Poland to present actor Jan Englert with a lifetime achievement award, Fakti called the film a "Bulgarian classic", and Dnevnik marked the film as among the top 10 most beloved films of Bulgaria.

References

External links

 A fan site with some pictures from the movie (in Bulgarian language). 

1970s Bulgarian-language films
Bulgarian war films
1975 films
Films based on Bulgarian novels
Spanish Civil War
1975 drama films
1970s war drama films
Bulgarian drama films
Elizabeth Peacock

Elizabeth Joan Peacock (née Gates; born 4 September 1937) is a British Conservative politician and former Member of Parliament for the West Yorkshire constituency of Batley and Spen.

Peacock served as a North Yorkshire County Councillor from 1981 to 1984, and represented Batley and Spen from 1983 to 1997, during which time she was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Nicholas Scott as Minister for Social Security and Disabled People Unit (1992). Peacock was opposed to abortion, and sometimes advocated direct action. In the debate on the Abortion Amendment Law in January 1988, she was a supporter of the Bill, speaking out for lowering the time-frame in which a legal abortion is permitted, originally standing at 28 weeks, in the Abortion (Amendment) Bill. Peacock stood again in the 2001 election, unsuccessfully, and declined to stand in the 2005 election.

She was interviewed in 2012 as part of The History of Parliament's oral history project.

Peacock continues to be interviewed occasionally on political issues; for example, in April 2019 she appeared on the BBC's regional politics programme, Sunday Politics, supporting Brexit.

In reference to the 2021 Batley and Spen by-election, Peacock said that the respect must be earned in the Red wall.

References

External links 
 

1937 births
Living people
Members of North Yorkshire County Council
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
20th-century British women politicians
20th-century English women
20th-century English people
Women councillors in England
Chilkat Inlet

Chilkat Inlet is an inlet in Lynn Canal in the Southeast region of the U.S. state of Alaska that includes the delta for the Chilkat River and borders Haines and the Chilkat Peninsula. It was first charted in 1794 by Joseph Whidbey, master of  during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition.

Chilkat Inlet was frequently visited by maritime fur traders from at least 1800. The Atahualpa visited in 1801 and its log mentions an earlier trading visit by an unidentified ship. These traders spelled Chilkat variously, such as Chilcart and Chilkark.

In April 1811 the American maritime fur trader Samuel Hill, captain of Otter, battled the Chilkat Tlingit in Chilkat Inlet. Two of Hill's crew were killed, including his second mate and journal keeper Richard Kemp, and his boatswain. Six more were wounded. According to Captain Hill, the Tlingit suffered 40 killed, including 13 chiefs. Hill blamed both his first mate and the Tlingit, but he was notoriously violent and frequently attacked indigenous people unprovoked.

For several years after the 1811 battle fewer trade ships visited. By 1821 it was again a regular trading site, with visits by ships such as the Mentor in 1821.

References

Inlets of Alaska
Bodies of water of Haines Borough, Alaska
Tlingit
Chilkat Peninsula

The Chilkat Peninsula is a peninsula in Lynn Canal, Southeast Alaska that divides the Chilkoot and Chilkat Inlets and divides the Chilkat and Chilkoot watersheds. The peninsula extends into Lynn Canal as well. It was first charted in 1794 by Joseph Whidbey, master of  during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition.

The town of Haines sits on the northern end of the peninsula, while the neighborhood of Mud Bay is located closer towards the center of the peninsula.

Gallery

References

Peninsulas of Alaska
Landforms of Haines Borough, Alaska
Tlingit
Walaric

Saint Walaric, modern French Valery (died 620), was a Frankish monk turned hermit who founded the . His cult was recognized in Normandy and England.

Life
Walaric was born in the Auvergne to a peasant family. Taught to read at a young age, he abandoned the occupation of tending sheep to join the abbey of Autumo. He later moved on to the abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre and finally the abbey of Luxeuil under the famous abbot Columbanus. At Luxeuil he was renowned for his horticultural skills. His ability to protect his vegetables from insects was regarded as miraculous.

When Theuderic II, king of Burgundy (), expelled Columbanus from his domains, Walaric and a fellow monk named Waldolanus left the kingdom to preach the gospel in Neustria and, according to tradition, the Pas-de-Calais. He eventually settled down as a hermit at a place called Leuconay near the mouth of the Somme River. A community of disciples grew up around him. After his death, his successor Blitmund (Blimont) built a monastery for the community, which came to bear Walaric's name. The village that developed around the monastery still does: Saint-Valery-sur-Somme.

Memory

A biography (saint's life) of Walaric was composed in the 11th century. It was wrongly attributed to a certain Raginbertus.

The so-called "Valerian prophecy" was a legend originating in Walaric's abbey and the abbey of Saint-Riquier intended to refute the claims of the early 11th-century Historia Francorum Senonensis that the Capetian dynasty were illegitimate usurpers. According to the legend, Walaric appeared in a vision to Hugh Capet (), the first Capetian, and thanked him for rescuing his body from the Carolingians. He prophesied that the kingdom of France would belong to Hugh's heirs "until the seventh generation". Interpreted figuratively, the number seven signified perfection and thus eternity; interpreted literally, it meant that the Philip Augustus () would be the last Capetian.

Cures were claimed from an early date at Walaric's tomb. Duke William II of Normandy had Walaric's relics put on public display and invoked his name in a prayer for a favourable wind for his invasion of England. The invasion fleet sailed from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in 1066.

Walaric's cult thus spread to England, where a chapel in Alnmouth was dedicated to him in the 12th century. His feast day was celebrated on 1 April in Chester Abbey and Croyland Abbey. King Richard I of England () transferred his relics from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme to Saint-Valery-en-Caux. His translation (transfer of relics) was celebrated in Chester and Croyland on 12 December. His abbey in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, however, later recovered his relics.

The English village of Hinton Waldrist is named after its 12th-century lord, Thomas de Saint-Valery.

Notes

References

External links
Walric at Catholic Online

620 deaths
7th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Colombanian saints
Emilio Ferrera

Emilio Ferrera (born 19 June 1967) is a Belgian football manager and former player, who manages the U21 squad of Gent.

His last former club was OH Leuven in the Belgian First Division B. Before he also worked at Genk, where he was fired after coaching only one match, following a 1–3 season-opening defeat to KV Mechelen. Ferrera has managed a number of clubs across various countries and continents (mostly in Belgium, but also including Greece, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia and a short stint in Mexico), having started his coaching career in his twenties. For example, he led Club América ad interim in the 1995 Mexican football season aged only 27 at the time.

Personal life
Emilio Ferrera was born in Schaerbeek, Belgium. His family emigrated from the Spanish village El Cerro de Andévalo in 1962. His brothers, Manu and Francisco, and his nephew Yannick, are all football coaches.

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
People from Schaerbeek
Belgian men's footballers
Belgian people of Spanish descent
Belgian football managers
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Club América managers
K.S.K. Beveren managers
R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909) managers
Lierse S.K. managers
R.W.D.M. Brussels F.C. managers
R.A.A. Louviéroise managers
Club Brugge KV managers
Panionios F.C. managers
Xanthi F.C. managers
K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen managers
K.R.C. Genk managers
S.C. Eendracht Aalst players
Wavre Sports FC managers
K.V.V. Crossing Elewijt players
F.C.V. Dender E.H. managers
Oud-Heverlee Leuven managers
F91 Dudelange managers
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Brussels
Darkroom (TV series)

Darkroom is an American thriller anthology television series produced by Universal Television that aired on  ABC from November 27, 1981, to July 8, 1982. Each 60-minute episode featured two or more stories of varying length with a new story and a new cast, but each of the episode wraparound segments was hosted by James Coburn. Among the performers who appeared on the series were Esther Rolle, Helen Hunt, Claude Akins, Richard Anderson, Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs, Carole Cook, David Carradine, Billy Crystal, Pat Buttram, Brian Dennehy, Lawrence Pressman, Dub Taylor, Rue McClanahan, Lloyd Bochner, Ronny Cox, R. G. Armstrong, Jack Carter, and June Lockhart.

Opening narration
The title sequence featured a dolly-in through the corridors of a house to a safe-lighted darkroom in a crawlspace under the stairs. James Coburn's voice could be heard over this dolly-in, narrating it as follows:

As Coburn's voiceover reached the point with "no escape... nowhere to turn," the camera turned toward various walls and closed doors.

Syndication
The Sci Fi Channel aired the show in the mid-1990s, including the pilot episode. USA Network also reran the show at one point in the 1980s. It was also available for streaming on NBC's official website.

Episodes

References

External links
 Darkroom on NBC.com
 

1980s American horror television series
1981 American television series debuts
1982 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1980s American anthology television series
English-language television shows
Television series by Universal Television
Television shows set in New Jersey
Harini (singer)

Harini (born 30 April 1979) is an Indian film playback singer and classical singer who sings in Tamil,  Hindi, Telugu and Kannada films, working with many leading film composers. She is married to another playback singer, Tippu.

Harini learnt Carnatic music from Gowri and Radha Viswanathan from the age of four. She used to participate in school competitions and in one such competition which she won, A. R. Rahman who distributed the prizes invited the winners to his studio to record their voices. Subsequently, she was called by Suhasini Maniratnam to sing "Nila Kaigirathu" for her first film Indira. Her first song, "Nila Kaigirathu", was recorded at the age of 15. Since then, she has received offers from various music directors across South India. Within a career spanning a decade, she sang over 3500 songs four south Indian languages in which 35 devotional albums in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam.

Discography

Tamil/Hindi/Malayalam/Kannada

Telugu 

Harini rendered a series of devotional songs in 2012 on Lord Amman, Ganesha, Perumal among others, titled Om Nava Sakthi Jaya Jaya Sakthi, Vindhaigal Purindhai Nee En Vazhville, and Uchi Pillaiyare Charanam along with ace singer P. Unni Krishnan. The music was composed and produced by Manachanallur Giridharan.

Television songs
Kolangal - 2003
Hello Shyamala- 2018

Awards and recognitions
Harini has been the recipient of several popular awards in the singing category. Some of her awards are as listed below:
 2003 – Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback for Aalanguyil (Parthiban Kanavu)
 1997 – Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback for Manam Virumbuthe (Nerukku Ner)
 2004 – ITFA Best Female Playback Award
 2000 – Silver Screen MGR Award (in Singapore)
 1999 – Pace Award
 1998 – Roja Award
 1997 – Madras Cultural Academy Awards

References

External links 
 

Indian women playback singers
Tamil playback singers
Kannada playback singers
Living people
1979 births
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Telugu playback singers
Singers from Chennai
Women musicians from Tamil Nadu
21st-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian singers
Bernhard Landauer

Bernhard Landauer (born 20 July 1970) is an Austrian countertenor in opera and concert, who is active internationally in both historically informed performance and contemporary music.

Life and career 
Bernhard Landauer was born in Innsbruck. He was a soprano soloist with the Wilten Boys' Choir in his hometown, and then studied voice at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna, with Helene Karusso and Kurt Equiluz. He studied further with Karl-Heinz Jarius in Frankfurt.

Landauer took part in the project of Ton Koopman and the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir to record the complete vocal works of J. S. Bach. He performed two roles in Der verlorene Sohn by Leopold I of Austria at the Vienna State Opera in 1997. In 2000, he performed the role of Mercury in the first modern revival of Giovanni Legrenzi's La divisione del mondo at the Schwetzingen Festival.

Besides Early music and Baroque music, he performed literature that unusual for a countertenor. He has performed song cycles such as Schubert's Winterreise and Krämerspiegel by Richard Strauss. He appeared as Fyodor in Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, and in Kassandra by Iannis Xenakis, originally written for falsetting baritone. He performed in world premieres of compositions by Alfred Schnittke and Giorgio Battistelli, among others. He performed in the world premiere of Schnittke's Gesualdo at the Vienna State Opera in 1995.

Landauer has performed on many stages worldwide with renowned orchestras, conductors and stage directors such as Philippe Arlaud, Brigitte Fassbaender, Achim Freyer, Thomas Hengelbrock, René Jacobs, The King's Consort, Harry Kupfer, David Pountney, Nicola Raab or Mstislav Rostropovich. He has recorded more than 70 CDs and has been well received by critics.

From 1998 to 2004, Bernhard Landauer taught at the department of early music at the Conservatory of Vienna, and since 2005 has been lecturer at the Austrian Master Classes. He has lived in Salzburg.

References

External links 
 
 
 
 Bernhard Landauer (Counter-tenor) Bach Cantatas Website 2001

1970 births
Living people
University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna alumni
20th-century Austrian male opera singers
21st-century Austrian male opera singers
Operatic countertenors
Musicians from Innsbruck
Centro Cultural Recoleta

The Centro Cultural Recoleta () is an exhibition and cultural events centre located in the barrio of Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
It holds sculptures and exhibitions, as well as concerts and artistic presentations and workshops of diverse types.
in September/October 2006 it held the wildly successful onedotzero festival attracting over 20,000 people in 3 days for installations, live performances, screenings and music.

History

The building where the cultural centre is located was originally donated to the Franciscans in  1716. The blueprints of the construction were drawn by Jesuit architects Juan Krauss and Juan Wolf, while the design of the façade and interiors are attributed to Andrés Blanqui.

The building, finished in 1732, is one of the oldest in the city. With the arrival of the May Revolution and the declaration of independence during the first part of the 19th century, the building changed purposes. Manuel Belgrano founded a drawing school there, and since the 1870s it served as a shelter for the destitute. Torcuato de Alvear, first mayor of Buenos Aires, beautified Recoleta as well as the cultural centre; Juan Antonio Buschiazzo gave it an Italian style and created the chapel currently used as an auditorium.

The second important renovation took place around 1980 by Clorindo Testa, Jacques Bedel and Luis Benedit, when the building was planned as a cultural centre.

Gallery

External links

 Centro Cultural Recoleta's official site

Recoleta, Centro Cultural
Recoleta, Centro Cultural
Tourist attractions in Buenos Aires
Arts centres in Argentina
Jamawar

Jamawar, or grown piece, is a special type of shawl made in Kashmir, India. "Jama" means robe and "war/var" is chest and metaphorically body. The best quality of Jamawar is built with Pashmina. The brocaded parts are woven in similar threads of silk or polyester. Most of the designs seen today are floral, with the kairy as the predominant motif. Historically handmade items, some shawls took a couple of decades to complete; consequently, original Jamawar shawls are highly valued. Modern, machine-made Jamawar prints, produced in cities such as Kashmir and other parts of Himachal Pradesh cost less to buy but handmade Jamawar are very expensive.

Traders introduced this Chinese silk cloth to India, mainly from Samarkand and Bukhara and it gained immense popularity among the royalty and the aristocracy. Kings and nobles bought the woven fabric by the yard, wearing it as a gown or using it as a wrap or shawl. Jamawar weaving centres in India developed in the holy cities and the trade centres. The most well known Jamawar weaving centre is Kashmir and Punjab in India.

Due to its rich and fine raw materials, the rich and powerful merchants used Jamawar and noblemen of the time, who could not only afford it but could even commission the weavers to make the fabric for them, as in the case of the Mughals. Emperor Akbar was one of its greatest patrons. He brought many weavers from East Turkestan to Kashmir.

References

Indian clothing
Culture of Jammu and Kashmir
Shawls and wraps
Indian shawls and wraps
Apomys

Apomys, commonly known as earthworm mice, is a genus of rodent endemic to the Philippines.  Mice belonging to this genus are generally called Philippine forest mice and can be found on most islands of the Philippines except in Palawan, the Sulu Archipelago, and the Batanes and Babuyan group of islands.

Apomys mice weigh from 18g to 128g. The tail is longer or nearly equal the length of the head and body.  The soft and thick fur of these mice is darker on the back while the front fur is paler, often nearly white with a moderate orange yellow wash. The hind feet are moderately long and narrow, have six plantar pads, and have digits 2–4 notably longer than digit 5 and the hallux. All species have two pairs of inguinal mammae.

Species

Nineteen species are known in two subgenera:
Subgenus Apomys - smaller, arboreal species
Camiguin forest mouse, A. camiguinensis Heaney & Tabaranza, 2006
Mount Apo forest mouse, A. hylocoetes Mearns, 1905
Mindanao montane forest mouse, A. insignis Mearns, 1905
Mindanao lowland forest mouse, A. littoralis Sanborn, 1952
Small Luzon forest mouse, A. microdon Hollister, 1913
Least forest mouse, A. musculus Miller, 1911
Subgenus Megapomys - larger, ground-living species
Luzon Cordillera forest mouse, A. abrae Sanborn, 1952
Luzon Aurora forest mouse, A. aurorae Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Mount Banahaw forest mouse, A. banahao Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Mount Tapulao forest mouse, A. brownorum Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Luzon montane forest mouse, A. datae Meyer, 1899
Large Mindoro forest mouse, A. gracilirostris Ruedas, 1995
Mount Irid forest mouse, A. iridensis Heaney, Balete, Veluz, Steppan, Esseltyn, Pfeiffer & Rickart, 2014
Lubang forest mouse, A. lubangensis Heaney, Balete, Veluz, Steppan, Esseltyn, Pfeiffer & Rickart, 2014
Luzon giant forest mouse, A. magnus Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Mount Mingan forest mouse, A. minganensis Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Long-nosed Luzon forest mouse, A. sacobianus Johnson, 1962
Sierra Madre forest mouse, A. sierrae Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011
Luzon Zambales forest mouse, A. zambalensis Heaney, Balete, Alviola, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011

Several species also awaits formal description.

The species generally inhabit narrow ecological niches with small endemic ranges.

See also
Cloud rat

References

 
 
Rodents of the Philippines
Rodent genera
Taxa named by Edgar Alexander Mearns
Stratheden, New South Wales

Stratheden is a locality in the Richmond Valley, New South Wales, Australia. It is west of the Richmond River, approximately midway between Casino and Kyogle.

Towns in New South Wales
Northern Rivers
Richmond Valley Council
Guan Jing

Guan Jing (died 199), courtesy name Shiqi, was an official serving under the warlord Gongsun Zan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In 198, during Yuan Shao's invasion in the Battle of Yijing, Gongsun Zan wished to ride out and cut off Yuan Shao's rear, but Guan Jing recommended against this action, and for Gongsun Zan to stay within the city of Yijing. In 199, Yuan Shao tricked and ambushed Gongsun Zan as the latter rode out, expecting to meet reinforcements from Gongsun Zan's son Gongsun Xu and Zhang Yan. After this defeat, Gongsun Zan committed suicide by self-immolation. Guan Jing expressed regret that he could not convince Gongsun Zan to stay in the end, and rode into the army of Yuan Shao and died.

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Fan, Ye (5th century). Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).

2nd-century births
199 deaths
Generals during the end of the Han dynasty
Generals from Shanxi
Han dynasty people killed in battle
Centro Cultural General San Martín

The General San Martín Cultural Centre () is a cultural centre located in Buenos Aires, Argentina near the major thoroughfare Corrientes Avenue.

It is run by the city government, and hosts diverse cultural and artistic events. Adjacent to the theatre of the same name inaugurated in 1960 on Corrientes Avenue, the cultural center was designed by local architect Mario Roberto Álvarez, and was built between 1962 and 1970.

The center hosted the National Commission on the Disappeared (CONADEP) in 1984, as well as the first session of the Buenos Aires City Legislature following the devolution of autonomy to the city in 1996, and an extensive renovation began in 2007. Its annual theatre audiences of nearly 350,000 make it the largest public cultural center nationally, and with similar numbers at the privately operated Paseo La Plaza one block west, the 1500 block of Corrientes Avenue is arguably the leading center for the theatre in Latin America.

The cultural centre is named after General José de San Martín, leader of the Argentine War of Independence.

The  building is spread over 12 floors and has different rooms for workshops and courses, including the Buenos Aires Audiovisual Nucleus with over 7,000 documentary works. The principal halls are: 
Sala Ernesto Bianco - 70 persons, dances
Sala Enrique Muino - 254 persons, scenic arts
Sala A/B - 750 persons
Sala C - 200 persons
Sala D - 200 persons
Sala E - 200 persons
Sala F - 200 persons
Salón Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 150 persons, for use of Madres de Plaza de Mayo, and others.

At the eastern end of the building there are two small parks– the Plaza de las Américas and the Patio de Esculturas.

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in Argentina
Theatres in Buenos Aires
Culture in Buenos Aires
Buildings and structures in Buenos Aires
Tourist attractions in Buenos Aires
Buildings and structures completed in 1970
Majdanpek

Majdanpek (; ) is a town and municipality located in the Bor District of the eastern Serbia, and is not far from the border of Romania. According to 2022 census, the municipality of Majdanpek had a population of 14,559 people, while the town of Majdanpek had a population of 8,310.

Name
The name "Majdanpek" is derived from the words majdan meaning "quarry" (from Arabic maydān) and pek meaning "much, big, very" in Turkish. In Romanian, the town is known as .

History

There is an archaeological site in Majdanpek, from the time of the Vinča culture, which provides one of the earliest known examples of copper metallurgy, dated to 5th millennium BC. Chalcolithic excavations exist in Kapetanova Pecina, Praurija, Kameni Rog and Roman site of Kamenjar.

The town is famous as a copper mine district, since the early 17th century. The origin of the name is based on words majdan (related to Turkish madän, mine) and river Pek - mine on river Pek. Throughout its history, mining development was held by many foreign owners (Czechs, Belgians, Austrians), and was extensively exploited. The town was industrialized in the mid-20th century, by the industrial program supported by SFR Yugoslavia's Government of that time, and the personal influence of J.B.Tito (marshal, prime minister, and later lifetime president from the end of World War II until 1980). Through the late 20th century, the town was in a period of industrial progress and one of the most developed areas in copper mining and metallurgy.

Geography

Climate
Majdanpek has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb).

Settlements
The municipality includes the following settlements:
Towns

 Majdanpek
 Donji Milanovac

Villages

 Boljetin
 Vlaole
 Golubinje
 Debeli Lug
 Jasikovo
 Klokočevac
 Leskovo
 Miroč
 Mosna
 Rudna Glava
 Topolnica
 Crnajka

Demographics

According to the 2022 census results, the municipality of Majdanpek has a population of 14,559 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
Most of the settlements in the Majdanpek municipality have Serb ethnic majority. The settlement with a Romanian ethnic majority is Vlaole. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Romanian majority is Jasikovo. The ethnic composition of the municipality:

Tourism
One of the most notable tourist attractions in Majdanpek is Rajkova Pećina (Rajko's Cave).

Economy
Majdanpek mine, owned by RTB Bor, dominates the industrial landscape of the city. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Gallery

Notable people
 Dejan Petkovic (born 1972), Serbian football player

See also
 Subdivisions of Serbia

References

External links

 Radio television Bor

Populated places in Bor District
Timok Valley
Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia
Socialist planned cities
Herskowitz

Herskowitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Ira Herskowitz (1946–2003), American geneticist
 Mickey Herskowitz (born 1933), American journalist and biographer

Surnames of Jewish origin
Chilkoot Inlet

Chilkoot Inlet is an inlet in the Southeast region of the U.S. state of Alaska, located on the eastern side of the Chilkat Peninsula in Lynn Canal. Chilkoot Inlet is the terminus of the Chilkoot River and its watershed, and also home to Lutak, Alaska. It was first charted in 1794 by Joseph Whidbey, master of  during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition.

References

Inlets of Alaska
Bodies of water of Haines Borough, Alaska
Shamrock (car)

The Shamrock was a car produced in Ireland for a brief period during the late 1950s.

The business was established by American businessmen James F. Conway and William K Curtis in Castleblaney, Co. Monaghan. The aim was to produce a large luxury car model for export to the US market. Alvin 'Spike' Rhino, a Canadian ex 500-cc Formula 3 racer, designed the Shamrock.

Shortly after production began, however, design flaws became apparent.  Although the car was big and heavy, it used a relatively small Austin A55 1.5 litre engine, which limited performance. The A55 also provided the transmission and suspension. Another problem was that the rear wheels were shrouded by body panels and a rear wheel could not be removed (for puncture repair for example) without dropping its axle. The car used fibreglass body panels and was styled as a four seat, two door coupé with removable hardtop. The wheelbase was 98 inches (2487 mm). All cars were painted white, although one in the USA has been repainted candy green.

Production of up to 10,000 cars a year was discussed but as few as ten complete cars were produced during the six months before production ceased. After the factory closed, the unused parts were dumped into the local lake, Lough Muckno.

The car is now very rare, and only nine are believed to still exist: five in Ireland—one each in Killarney, Castleblayney, and Wexford, two in Drogheda, and one in Carlow—and three in the USA, one in Seattle and two in California.

References

External links
 Irish Wheels of Misfortune Provide a Lift for Restorer Los Angeles Times June 2002
 The Shamrock: The flash and sleek Irish car that never got out of first gear Irish Independent September 2014

1950s cars
Cars of Ireland
Hardbat

Hardbat table tennis is the classical table tennis playing style that existed prior to the advent of sponge rubber in the 1950s. The main difference between hardbat and modern table tennis lies in the racket used, which greatly affects the dynamics and strategy of the game. Hardbat rackets use short outward "pips" with no sponge, resulting in decreased speeds and reduced spin compared to rackets using sponge rubber. This results in slower shots, and a more strategic game rather than the fast-paced, heavy topspin attacking style that dominates regular table tennis. Although the older term 'ping-pong' is often used as a synonym for table tennis generally, hardbat is sometimes referred to specifically as 'ping-pong' in contradistinction to  modern 'soft-bat' (i.e sponge bat) table tennis.

There has recently been a resurgence of hardbat play, with national championships contested yearly in the United States. A "World Championship of Ping Pong", a table tennis tournament using standardised hardbats, was promoted by Matchroom Sports at Alexandra Palace in January 2013. It was won by Maxim Shmyrev.

The American Marty Reisman became the oldest person ever to win an open national competition in a racquet sport when he won the 1997 United States National Hardbat championship at age 67.

See also
 Table tennis terminology

Notes

External links
 $100,000 Bud Light Hardbat Classic Photos & Video Gallery (link dead)

Table tennis
XML-binary Optimized Packaging

XML-binary Optimized Packaging (XOP) is a mechanism defined for the serialization of XML Information Sets (infosets) that contain binary data, as well as deserialization back into the XML Information Set.

Benefits

XOP allows the binary data part of an XML Infoset to be serialized without going through the XML serializer. The XML serialization of an XML Infoset is text based, so any binary data will need to be encoded using base64. Using XOP avoids this by extracting the binary data out of the XML Infoset so that the XML Infoset does not contain binary data and the binary data can be serialized differently.

Therefore, XOP can reduce the size of the serialization (since base64 encoding has approximately a 33% size overhead) and (depending on how it is implemented) might allow processing efficiencies.  This size increase results in extra resources needed to transmit or store the data.

Costs

XOP introduces another level of processing. Therefore, it introduces extra complexity and processing overheads.

The representation of the XOP packages introduces some overhead. These are negligible when the binary data is large, but could be significant if the binary data is small.

Operation

XOP operates on a single XML Infoset.

The binary parts of the original XML infoset are extracted out, leaving an "XOP Infoset" (which is essentially the original XML Infoset with the binary parts replaced by external references). The references in the XOP Infoset are represented using the "xop:Include" element. The XOP Infoset plus the extracted content can be serialized into a representation called the "XOP Package". The XOP Package can be sent or stored.

To reconstitute the XML Infoset, the XOP Package is deserialized into the XOP Infoset plus the extracted content, and then the extracted content is put back into the XML Infoset.

XOP Packages

XOP can be used with a number of different packaging mechanisms. A packaging mechanism defines how the XOP Infoset and the binary chunks are represented.

The XOP specification defines how MIME can be used as a packaging mechanism. When used with MIME, the XOP Infoset is represented as XML in the root MIME part, and the binary chunks are represented in the other MIME parts.  Those other MIME parts can be serialized as binary data, avoiding the need to base64 encode them if they were left inside the XML Infoset.

XOP does not mandate the use of the MIME packaging mechanism, so other packaging mechanisms could be used.

Usage in SOAP Web services

The MIME packaging mechanism is the most widely used, since XOP is usually used to represent SOAP messages with MTOM.

For example:

See also

MTOM (Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism)

References

XML-Binary Optimized Packaging (article from Dr Dobbs)

External links
W3C's XML-binary Optimized Packaging W3C Recommendation

XML-based standards
M181

M181 or M-181 may refer to:

M181 motorway, a motorway in England
M-181 (Michigan highway), a former state highway in Michigan