alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Barry Jackson (actor)

Barry Jackson (29 March 1938 – 5 December 2013) was an English stage, film and television actor.

Career

His film career included roles in Ryan's Daughter, Barry Lyndon, Aces High, The Raging Moon, Mr. Love, and Wimbledon.

His television credits included: A for Andromeda, The Mask of Janus, Adam Adamant Lives!, Doctor Who, Z-Cars, Dixon of Dock Green, Special Branch, The Troubleshooters, Man at the Top, Doomwatch, Public Eye, Poldark, Oil Strike North, The New Avengers, Blake's 7, The Professionals, Coronation Street, Enemy at the Door, All Creatures Great and Small, Minder, Bergerac, Lovejoy, Casualty, Peak Practice, Silent Witness, Kavanagh QC, The Bill, A Touch of Frost, Holby City, Heartbeat and Midsomer Murders.

Jackson appeared in Doctor Who in the show's original run, including the stories The Romans and in the episode Mission to the Unknown. Jackson also returned to the show and played "Drax," a school chum of the Doctor, in the Fourth Doctor story The Armageddon Factor. In 1977 he appeared as a Lock-Keeper in the Secret Army episode Identity in Doubt. This was followed in 1980 by his appearance as farmer Ken Billings in the All Creatures Great and Small episode, Matters of Life and Death. Jackson later played another Yorkshire farmer, Jim Hobson, in the Heartbeat episode, Risky Business.

He also starred in Horace, a drama about a middle-aged man with the mind of a 10-year-old.  Written by Roy Minton and directed by Alan Clarke, it was a one-off television play broadcast as part of a BBC1 new play series on 21 March 1972.  It was later revived as a TV series in 1982.  It was arguably the first mainstream UK TV serial that had a person with a learning disability as the protagonist. All episodes are thought to be in existence but have yet to be released.

He appeared in the first fourteen series of Midsomer Murders as Dr George Bullard, the pathologist, although he did not appear in series two. The character outlasted the show's original lead, DCI Tom Barnaby, by one season.

Death
He died in London on 5 December 2013, aged 75, from cancer.

Partial Filmography

References

External links
 
Obituary at The Guardian

1938 births
2013 deaths
English male film actors
English male television actors
Deaths from cancer in England
Male actors from Birmingham, West Midlands
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Truman Bodden

Truman Murray Bodden, OBE (born 22 April 1945) is a former Caymanian politician. An attorney at law by profession, he served as Leader of Government Business from April 1995 to November 2000. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly for George Town. When in government he served in the Ministries of Education, Youth, Finance, Civil Aviation, Employment, Tourism, Environment, Investment and Commerce.

He is a founding member and director of Truman Bodden and Company Attorneys-at-Law, Cayman Islands.

Bodden is the father of two children.

References

1945 births
Living people
Leaders of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
Caymanian lawyers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Aviation ministers of the Cayman Islands
Education ministers of the Cayman Islands
Environment ministers of the Cayman Islands
Finance ministers of the Cayman Islands
Tourism ministers of the Cayman Islands
Trade ministers of the Cayman Islands
Youth ministers of the Cayman Islands
Thomas Jefferson (Caymanian politician)

Thomas Carrol Jefferson, OBE (April 13, 1941 – October 29, 2006) was a Caymanian politician. He was the first Leader of Government Business in the Cayman Islands, serving from 1992 to 1995.

Jefferson whose public positions included Minister, the first Elected Member to be Leader of Government Business, ExCo Member, MLA (West Bay) and Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands.

In December 1997, an Atlantis Events cruise on Norwegian Cruise Line's MS Leeward was denied permission make a planned February 1998 stop at Grand Cayman. Thomas C. Jefferson wrote to the cruise line that the cruise's passengers would not "uphold the standards of appropriate behavior expected of visitors". The ship docked in Belize instead.

Jefferson received a Master of Arts degree from Vanderbilt University in 1975.

References

1941 births
2006 deaths
Leaders of Government Business of the Cayman Islands
People from Grand Cayman
Vanderbilt University alumni
Carl Kellner

Carl Kellner may refer to:

Carl Kellner (optician) (1826–1855), German inventor of the "Kellner eyepiece"
Carl Kellner (mystic) (1851–1905), Austrian chemist and mystic
South African Council for the Architectural Profession

The South African Council for the Architectural Profession (SACAP) is a professional organisation for the architectural community in South Africa. It was established 
"To guide, facilitate and promote a high standard of competency and responsibility in the architectural profession and to increase public awareness of the range of architectural services offered. To ensure the profession fulfils its total role in the development of South Africa."
Its aim is to maintain the standard of education given to architects at technikons and universities through the granting of professional certification. These functions were taken over from the South African Council for Architects in 2001 due to the Architectural Profession Act 2000, Act 44 of 2000.

See also
Professional requirements for architects# South Africa
List of architecture schools in South Africa
South African Institute of Architects

References

External links
http://www.sacapsa.com/

Professional associations based in South Africa
Research institutes in South Africa
Architecture in South Africa
Niuafoʻou language

Niuafoou, or Niuafoʻouan, is the language spoken on Tonga's northernmost island, Niuafoou.

Niuafoʻouan has traditionally been classified as closest to Uvean and Tokelauan, in an East Uvean–Niuafoʻou branch. However, recent research suggests that it is closest to its neighbour, Tongan, as one of the Tongic languages.

In September 2022 language campaigners called for it to be taught in primary schools on Niuafo’ou.

Phonology
The phonology of Niuafoʻou is similar to that of Tongan, with twelve consonants and five vowel phonemes.

Vowels are more centralized when unstressed.  and  are de-voiced under some conditions.

Sometimes the phoneme  is realized as a apico-alveolar flap ().  is only realized as  at the beginning of words. In the middle of words, it is either  or .

Syllable structure
Niuafoʻou has a very simple syllable structure, (C)V. However, it is apparently transitioning towards allowing consonant clusters, due to the influence of foreign languages and the de-voicing of vowels.

References

Languages of Tonga
Tongic languages
Endangered Austronesian languages
Alberta Association of Architects

The Alberta Association of Architects (AAA) is the regulatory body responsible for registering and licensing all architects and interior designers legally entitled to practice in the Province of Alberta in Canada. They are sometimes involved in legal discussion between Alberta and individual architects regarding their conduct.

History
Alberta's Architects Act, which established AAA, was among the first passed when the Alberta legislature met in 1906. Since 1978, AAA have been based in the Duggan House. AAA are members of Regulatory Organizations of Architecture in Canada, a body made up of each provincial architectural licensing organisation.

AAA opened to women in 1925 when Esther Hill, Canada's first female architect was admitted after being denied in 1921. Nearly fifty years later, Freda O’Conner became AAA's first female president and the first among any Canadian architects' association.

In 2020, AAA expanded their remit with the Experienced Interior Designers Pathway, a temporary program meant to expedite licensure for interior designers, which built on their 1982 inclusion.

Awards
They issue the Tom Sutherland award annually in memorial to an Edmonton architect and collaborate with neighboring provinces on the Prairie Design Awards.

References

External links 

Architecture associations based in Canada
Professional associations based in Alberta
Union of Communists of Kurdistan

Union of Communists of Kurdistan (in Kurdish: Yekîtîya Komunîstên Kurdistan) was an illegal Kurdish communist organization in Turkey. YKK was formed in 1986 through a split from the Communist Party of Turkey/Unity (TKP/B).

YKK existed until the early 1990s., 
Communist organizations in Turkey
Guo Xun

Guo Xun (, d. 75) was a military officer under the Han Dynasty of China. He was an associate general of Ban Chao, as he and Ban Chao were sent to the Western Regions for a diplomatic expedition by Dou Gu. In 75, he was killed along with Chen Mu by the rebels from the state of Yanqi and Qiuci.

75 deaths
Han dynasty generals
Year of birth unknown
Dou Gu

Dou Gu (; died 88 AD), born in Xianyang, was a Chinese military general during the Eastern Han dynasty who fought in the Battle of Yiwulu in 73. Shortly after the battle, Dou Gu sent two of his generals, Ban Chao and Guo Xun, on a diplomatic expedition to the Western Regions.

References
Fan Ye et al., Hou Hanshu. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1965. 
Sima Guang, comp. Zizhi Tongjian. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1956.

88 deaths
Han dynasty generals
People from Northwest China
Year of birth unknown
Patsy Smart

Patsy Smart (14 August 1918 – 6 February 1996) was an English actress, best remembered for her performance as Miss Roberts in the 1970s ITV television drama Upstairs, Downstairs.

She also appeared in: Danger Man, Only When I Laugh, Dixon of Dock Green, Z-Cars, The Prisoner, The Avengers, The Sweeney, Doctor Who (The Talons of Weng-Chiang), Blake's 7, Danger UXB, The Chinese Detective, Minder, Rentaghost, Terry and June, Farrington of the F.O., Casualty, Hallelujah!, and The Bill.

In her later roles, she was expert at playing dotty old ladies, her Mrs Sibley and Miss Dingle characters in Terry and June being examples. Another example was as the wife of the gardener in the Miss Marple episode "The Moving Finger" which starred Joan Hickson.

Her films included Sons and Lovers (1960), The Tell Tale Heart (1960), Return of a Stranger (1961), What Every Woman Wants (1962), Arthur? Arthur! (1969), Leo the Last (1970), The Raging Moon (1971), Great Expectations (1974), Exposé (1976), The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), Tess (1979), The Elephant Man (1980) and The Fourth Protocol (1987).

Patsy Smart died of barbiturate poisoning on 6 February 1996, aged 77.

Partial filmography

The Flying Scot (1957) - Mother (uncredited)
Sons and Lovers (1960) - Emma
The Tell Tale Heart (1960) - Mrs. Marlow
Return of a Stranger (1961) - Mrs. Rayner
Design for Loving (1962) - Landlady
What Every Woman Wants (1962) - Hilda
Arthur? Arthur! (1969) - Miss Bonnamie
Leo the Last (1970) - Mrs. Kowalski
The Raging Moon (1971) - Bruce's Mother
Steptoe and Son (1972) - Mrs. Hobbs
O Lucky Man! (1973)
Great Expectations (1974) - Mrs. Wopsle
One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing (1975) - Old Maid (uncredited)
Exposé (1976) - Mrs. Aston
The Bawdy Adventures of Tom Jones (1976) - Village Gossip (uncredited)
The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976) - Mrs. Japonica
The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978) - Masseuse (uncredited)
The Legacy (1978) - Cook
Tess (1979) - Housekeeper
The Wildcats of St. Trinian's (1980) - Miss Warmold
The Elephant Man (1980) - Distraught Woman
Electric Dreams (1984) - Lady in Ticket Line
The Chain (1984) - Old Lady
The Fourth Protocol (1987) - Preston's Housekeeper

References

External links
 

1918 births
1996 deaths
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
English people of Australian descent
English television actresses
20th-century British actresses
People from Chingford
20th-century English women
20th-century English people
Zoran Bečić

Zoran Bečić (April 2, 1939 – March 29, 2006) was one of the most prominent artists of the Bosnian theatrical community in the 20th century.

One of the founding actors of Sarajevo War Theatre, he studied acting at the Belgrade Academy of Dramatic Arts, graduating in 1966. Bečić's professional acting career began in Dubrovnik, but after two years, he joined Sarajevo's Malo pozorište (Little Theatre), the predecessor of today's Kamerni teatar 55 (Chamber Theatre 55). He made his debut in Radoslav Dorić's Noć ubica (The night of murderers).

Following several notable roles, in 1971 he decides to try his luck in Belgrade, but returns to Sarajevo's National Theatre, two years later. For the next two decades, he continues his collaboration with Kamerni teatar 55, earning three Zlatni lovorov vijenac (Golden Wreath of Laurel) Awards at the international theatre festival MESS. The last one, in 2004, was given to him for Life Achievement and Contribution to Performing Arts.

During the 1991-1995 Sarajevo siege, Bečić participates in the first theatrical project that was to jump-start Sarajevo's war production scene, the famous Sklonište (The Shelter), and directs another - Memoari Mine Hauzen (The Memoirs of Mina Hauzen).

Asked about his decision to stay in Sarajevo during the war, he said: "Many have asked me if I, a Serb from Čačak, ever regretted staying in Sarajevo for the duration of the war. Never. God forbid that it ever happens again, but I would do it all over again. With all the sadness, tragedy and horror that this city had been through, there was equally as much warmth, love, understanding and tender words."

Bečić's film and TV credits include appearances in TV series Viza za budućnost (2002), and Aleksa Santic (1990).

In March 2006, he made his first and last appearance alongside his daughter, actress Zorana Bečić, in Safet Plakalo's Lutkino bespuće (A Doll's Wasteland). He died two weeks later on the eve of the premiere of Rodoljupci at Sarajevo's National Theatre, where he was the Director of Drama. Bečić was buried at Sarajevo's Lav cemetery.

Filmography

References

Sources
 A Word About Dr Kukrić, Lutkino bespuće, Sarajevo War Theatre (SARTR), 2005

External links

1939 births
2006 deaths
People from Čačak
Theatre people from Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina male actors
Chen Mu

Chen Mu (, d. 75) was a governor and general during the Han Dynasty who served the first Protector General of the Western Regions under Eastern Han between 74–75. During his service, he was killed by the rebels in Karasahr in A.D. 75, during the Han-Xiongnu War.

See also
Battle of Yiwulu

References

Fan Ye et al., Hou Hanshu. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1965. 
Sima Guang, comp. Zizhi Tongjian. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1956.

75 deaths
Han dynasty generals
Year of birth unknown
E46

E46 may refer to:
 BMW 3 Series (E46)
 European route E46
 Kamaishi Expressway and Akita Expressway (between Kitakami JCT and Kawabe JCT), route E46 in Japan
E90

E90 can refer to:

Transportation
 BMW 3 Series (E90), an automobile platform
 Embraer 190, an aircraft
 European route E90
 Toyota Corolla (E90), an automobile platform
 Sakai Senboku Road, route E90 in Japan

Other uses
 Nokia E90 Communicator, a 3G smartphone
 King's Indian Defense (ECHO code: E90), a chess opening
 E-90 Super Sweeper, a robot that appears in Sonic X remebeleses Thunderbird 2
John Hayes (Gaelic footballer)

John 'The Footballer' Hayes is an Irish Gaelic football player.  He is viewed as being instrumental in his club, Carbery Rangers, winning county championships at junior, intermediate and senior level, Munsters, and an All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship in 2005. In the meantime, he established himself at left corner forward on the Cork senior football team winning an All Ireland Football Championship in 2010.

Honours 

Carbery Rangers

 Cork Senior Football Championship: (1) 2016
 Kelleher Shield (Senior Football League) (3) 2009, 2011, 2014
 Cork Intermediate Football Championship: (1) 2005
 Munster Intermediate Club Football Championship (2) 2004, 2005
 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship (1) 2005
 Cork Junior Football Championship: (1) 2003
 Munster Junior Club Football Championship (1) 2004

Cork

 Munster Senior Football Championship (4) 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012
 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1) 2010
 National Football League (1) 2010
 Munster Under-21 Football Championship (3) 2004, 2005, 2006

Career statistics

Club

References

Club Championship Intermediate Football - Munster Final Winning Teams (2003-2006) at Munster GAA

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Carbery Rangers Gaelic footballers
Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)
Harriet Philpin

Harriet Philpin is a British actress. She played Bettan in the 1975 Doctor Who serial Genesis of the Daleks.

She also appeared in other series such as Blake's 7 and The Sweeney.

She famously appeared in the 1970s and 1980s as the wife of the Secret Lemonade Drinker (Julian Chagrin) in the well-known and often-repeated R. White's Lemonade advert in the UK.

External links
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British television actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
Lewes Crown Court

Lewes Crown Court is a Crown Court venue in Lewes High Street, Lewes, East Sussex, England. It forms part of the Lewes Combined Court Centre which it shares with Lewes County Court. The building, which was known as the "County Hall" from an early stage, was also the headquarters of East Sussex County Council from 1889 to 1938: it is a Grade II* listed building.

History
The building, which was designed by John Johnson in the classical style, was built in Portland stone between 1808 and 1812. The design for the building involved a symmetrical main frontage of five bays facing the High Street; the central section of three bays featured a recess with six Doric order columns supporting the upper floors; there were casement windows on the first floor and flanking wings which slightly projected forwards. Above the first floor windows were reliefs which depicted Wisdom, Justice and Mercy. The building was extended by two bays to the east in a similar style later in the 19th century. The building was known as "County Hall" from an early stage.

The structure was originally used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1888, which established county councils in every county, it also became the meeting place of East Sussex County Council. The county council moved Pelham House in 1938, from when the building in Lewes High Street was used solely for accommodating the assize courts. The county council then moved on from Pelham House to St Anne's Crescent in Lewes in 1968. Following the implementation of the Courts Act 1971, the former assizes court was re-designated Lewes Crown Court.

Cases
Notable cases held at Lewes Assizes, later Lewes Crown Court, include:
 1920: The "Crumbles Murder case" in which Jack Field and William Thomas were convicted of the murder of Irene Munro
 1930: The trial of Sidney Harry Fox for the murder of his mother for insurance money
 1934: The acquittal of Tony Mancini for the "Brighton Trunk Murder" of Violet Kaye, to which he later confessed
 1949: John Haigh, the "acid bath murderer"
 1956: John Bodkin Adams, previously acquitted of murder at the Old Bailey, was tried at Lewes for collateral offences
 1998: Trial of Sion Jenkins for the murder of Billie-Jo Jenkins (later acquitted)
 2001: Roy Whiting was tried and convicted of the murder of Sarah Payne
 2004: Graham Coutts was tried and convicted of the murder of schoolteacher Jane Longhurst
 2004: Andrew Wragg was acquitted of murdering his son and sentenced to two years for manslaughter
 2009: Martin and Nathan Winter, and their company Alpha Fireworks Ltd, were found guilty of the manslaughter of two East Sussex Fire & Rescue Service firefighters in the 2006 Marlie Farm Fireworks Explosion
 2010: Bridget Kathleen Gilderdale was acquitted of the attempted murder of her daughter, Lynn Gilderdale (an ME sufferer)

References

External links
Court information

Crown Court buildings
Buildings and structures in East Sussex
Buildings and structures in Lewes
Court buildings in England
Government buildings completed in 1812
L
Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth

Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, was a case decided in the High Court of Australia regarding the scope of the trade and commerce power in section 51(i) of the Constitution.

Background

Section 112 of the Customs Act 1901, prohibited the exportation of mineral sands unless authorised by the Minister. Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd, which held leases from the state of Queensland to mine mineral sands on Fraser Island, sought permission from the Minister to export mineral sands. Such authorisation was withheld pending the outcome of an environmental inquiry. Murphyores challenged the constitutional validity of prohibition and sought an injunction to the study, and a declaration that the Minister cannot make a prohibition for environmental purposes.

Decision

In a unanimous decision, the court held the legislation was a valid exercise of the trade and commerce power. Section 51(i) was a non-purposive power, and the only relevant factor was the subject matter of trade and commerce. The motive and purpose behind the legislation was irrelevant.

See also 

 Section 51(i) of the Australian Constitution
 Australian constitutional law

References 

 Winterton, G. et al. Australian federal constitutional law: commentary and materials, 1999. LBC Information Services, Sydney.

High Court of Australia cases
1976 in Australian law
Australian constitutional law
Trade and commerce power in the Australian Constitution cases
1976 in case law
Scott Fredericks

Scott Fredericks (born Frederick Wehrly; 15 March 1943 – 6 November 2017) was an Irish actor best known for his roles on British television.

Early life
Fredericks was born in Strandhill, County Sligo to Edward Wehrly (d. 2001), a jewellery businessman (Wehrly Bros Limited) of German descent, and Ann (née Shaw).

He left Sligo when he won a scholarship to train at RADA in London, and later adopted the name Scott Fredericks.

Career
Scott Fredericks began his acting career with stage roles at the Chesterfield Repertory. He later worked with director Peter Brook and appeared in West End theatre productions of Antony and Cleopatra (as Mark Antony) and in Becket (as Henry II of England).

After appearing in the television soap opera Crossroads, Scott Fredericks went on to appear in a number of British television programmes in the 1960s, 70s and  1980s, including Z-Cars, Sutherland's Law, Dixon of Dock Green, Blake's 7 (episode "Weapon"), and Triangle. He made two appearances in the Doctor Who, in the serials Day of the Daleks (as Boaz) and Image of the Fendahl (as Max Stael). He also appeared in a 1981 episode of the ITV television police drama, Cribb ("The Hand That Rocks the Cradle") playing Prince Henry of Battenberg.

Fredericks also appeared in such feature films as Dad's Army (1971), See No Evil (1971) and Cal (1984). Whilst working in cinema productions, he once played a game of billiards with Fred Astaire. More recently, he appeared as a regular character in the Irish soap Fair City, as well as spending his time as a radio producer and director in his native Ireland.

Fredericks's stage career included leading roles in the Gate Theatre, Dublin, a long run of Peg o’ My Heart by J. Hartley Manners, and in stage adaptations of Cal and Caught in a Free State with the newly created Irish Theatre Company. For his solo stage show Yeats Remembers Fredericks was awarded the J.J. Finnegan Evening Herald Award in 1980.

Filmography

Death
Fredericks suffered from smoking-related illnesses and toward the end of his life had undergone a lung lobectomy and suffered from an aneurysm. Fredericks died in 2017 at Sligo University Hospital in Ireland. His funeral was held at Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo and he was buried in Sligo Cemetery. Fredericks was survived by his two sons.

References

External links

1943 births
2017 deaths
Irish people of German descent
Irish male film actors
Irish male television actors
Actors from County Sligo
Chowringhee

Chowringhee (also Chourangi) is a neighbourhood of Central Kolkata, in Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Chowringhee Road (officially Jawaharlal Nehru Road) runs on its western side. A neighbourhood steeped in history, it is a business district, as well as a shopper's destination and entertainment-hotel centre. The area lies exactly at the centre of the city.

Etymology
The name 'Chowringhee' has defied etymologists. There is, however, the legend of a Nath yogi, Chouranginath, who discovered an image of the goddess Kali's face and built the first Kalighat temple.

History

The village

In the seventeenth century or prior to it, the area now occupied by the Maidan and Esplanade  was a tiger-infested jungle. At the eastern end of it was an old road, which had once been built by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family from Barisha to Halisahar. In that region were three small hamlets – Chowringhee, Birjee and Colimba.

Urbanisation
The strengthening of British power, subsequent to their victory in the Battle of Plassey was followed by the construction of the new Fort William, in 1758. The European inhabitants of Kalikata gradually forsook the narrow limits of the old palisades and moved to around the Maidan.

The neighbourhood

Camac Street (renamed Abanindranath Tagore Sarani) running from Park Street to Circular Road was named after William Camac, a senior merchant in the days of Cornwallis and Wellesley. Wood Street was named after Henry Wood. Free School Street (renamed Mirza Ghalib Street), named after a Free School established there in 1786, was a bamboo jungle in 1780.

New names

Indian independence saw a rush to rename streets. The process has slowed as few streets are left to be renamed. Chowringhee Road was renamed after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. Park Street was renamed after Mother Teresa. Theatre Road was renamed after William Shakespeare. Harrington Street was renamed after the leader of the Vietnam independence movement, Ho Chi Minh. Camac Street has been renamed after the great artist Abanindranath Tagore. Russel Street was renamed after industrialist Anandi Lal Poddar. Free School Street was renamed  after the Urdu/Persian poet Mirza Ghalib. Kyd Street was renamed Dr. Md. Ishaque Road. Lindsay Street was renamed after Nellie Sengupta.

Geography
Park Street Flyover was inaugurated on 19 February 2005. The  long flyover above Chowringhee Road helps in reduce the traffic jam between Lindsay Street and Middleton Street.

Creative inspiration
In 1981, Aparna Sen wrote and directed a film, 36 Chowringhee Lane, about an aged Anglo-Indian school teacher who lives a lonely life in a single-room flat in the neighbourhood.

Gallery

External links

References

Neighbourhoods in Kolkata
Shopping districts and streets in India
Darrett B. Rutman

Darrett B. Rutman (4 March 1929 – 11 April 1997) was a historian of early America. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1959.  He was a distinguished scholar and served on the History faculties of the University of Minnesota, 1959–1968, the University of New Hampshire, 1968–1984, and the University of Florida in Gainesville, 1984-1996.  He died of an aortic aneurysm on April 11, 1997.

Several of his books were co-authored by his wife, Anita H. Rutman.

Bibliography
 American Puritanism: faith and practice, Darrett B. Rutman (1970, reprinted 1977) 
The Great Awakening: event and exegesis, edited by Darrett B. Rutman (1970)  (Paperback: )
Husbandmen of Plymouth: farms and villages in the Old Colony, 1620-1692, Darrett B. Rutman (1967)
The morning of America, 1603-1789, Darrett B. Rutman (1971) 
The Old Dominion: essays for Thomas Perkins Abernethy, Rutman, Darrett B. (1964)
 A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia 1650-1750, by Darrett B. Rutman, Anita H. Rutman (1984) 
 A Place in Time: Explicatus, by Darrett B. Rutman, Anita H. Rutman (1984) 
Small worlds, large questions: explorations in early American social history, 1600-1850, Darrett B. Rutman with Anita H. Rutman (1994)  (Paperback: )
 Rutman, Darrett B. Winthrop's Boston: Portrait of a Puritan Town, 1630-1649, (1965) 

1929 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
University of Florida faculty
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
Klintsy

Klintsy () is a town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Turosna River,  southwest of Bryansk. Population:     60,000 (1972).

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Klintsy serves as the administrative center of Klintsovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated separately as Klintsovsky Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Klintsovsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Klintsy Urban Okrug.

History
Klintsy Sloboda was founded in 1707 by peasants-Old Believers, and is named after the last names of the first settlers (Klinets) in the plural.

In 1782 Klintsy was founded in a part of Surazh district. There were companies printing predominantly Old Believers liturgical books. The development of the printing industry contributed to higher literacy Klintsov population.

In 1782–1796 was Klintsy part of the Novgorod-Seversky governorship, and in 1796–1802 part of the Little Russia province. On February 27, 1802 posad Klintsy became part of Chernigov province, Surazh district.

Since the 1830s textile industries were developed  which gradually became the most important industry of the city. By the end of the 19th century there was concentrated more than 90% of the textile industry of Chernigov. The city became known as the "Manchester of Chernigov province".

In 1918 in accordance with Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the city was a part of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Chernigov province, Surazh district. On July 11, 1919, as part of the Gomel province of the RSFSR, Surazh district. Since 1921 Klintsy became a district center in a part of the Gomel Voblast.

On 19 October 1937 the city of Klintsy became part of Oryol Oblast, and since July 5, 1944 is  part of the Bryansk Oblast.

During World War II the city was occupied by German troops August 20, 1941 to September 25, 1943. Consequently, the Jewish population, which constituted about one-fifth of the population at the start of the 20th century, was massacred. More than 3000 Jews were murdered by a mobile squad of Einsatzgruppen in the outskirts of the village.

The city was moderately affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986.

Culture
A famous native of Klintsy is Evgeny Belyaev (1926–1994) of the Alexandrov Ensemble. A children's music school in Klintsy is named after him, and a bust of him has been placed in the town. It is also the birthplace of the artist Jacob Kramer, who later emigrated to England to escape anti-semitic persecution.

Twin towns and sister cities

Klintsy is twinned with:
 Kyustendil, Bulgaria

Notes

References

External links
 The murder of the Jews of Klintsy during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast
Surazhsky Uyezd
Holocaust locations in Russia
Weitzmann

Weitzmann or Weitzman is a surname, a variant of Weizmann. Notable people with the surname include:

Weitzmann 
Carl Borromäus Weitzmann (1767–1828), German jurist, and Swabian dialect poet
Carl Friedrich Weitzmann (1808–1880), German music theorist
Moisés Teitelboim, from Ukraine ∞ Sara Volosky, from Bessarabia
Volodia (Valentín) Teitelboim (Volosky) ∞  Raquel Weitzmann
Claudio Bunster, born: Claudio Bunster Teitelboim Weitzman(n), Chilean scientist
Jacques Julien Weitzmann
Kurt Weitzmann (1904–1993), German-American art historian, studied Byzantine and medieval art
Marc Weitzmann

Weitzman 
Daniel Maddy-Weitzman (born 1986), Israeli baseball pitcher
David Weitzman (1898–1987), Jewish British politician
Howard Weitzman,  American trial lawyer
Idan Weitzman (born 1985), Israeli footballer
Martin Weitzman (1942–2019) Professor of Economics at Harvard University
Matt Weitzman, American producer and write, one of the creators of American Dad!
Michael Weitzman, American pediatrician
Rick Weitzman (Richard L. Weitzman) (born 1946), American basketball player
Stanley Howard Weitzman (1927-2017), American ichthyologist, Smithsonian Institution
Stuart Weitzman (born 1942), American fashion designer
Yehoshua Weitzman (born 1949, Tel-Aviv)

Wajcman 
Judy Wajcman, sociologist

See also 
Vaytsman
Veitsman
Waitsman
Weissmann
Weitsman
Weizmann

References 

German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Fumarase deficiency

Fumarase deficiency (or fumaric aciduria) is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in the Krebs cycle, characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarate hydratase, which causes a buildup of fumaric acid in the urine and a deficiency of malate.  Only 13 cases were known worldwide in 1990, after which a cluster of 20 cases was documented in a community in Arizona that has practiced successive endogamy.

Presentation
Fumarase deficiency causes encephalopathy, severe intellectual disabilities, unusual facial features, brain malformation, and epileptic seizures due to an abnormally low amount of fumarase in cells. It can initially present with polyhydramnios on prenatal ultrasound. Affected neonates may demonstrate nonspecific signs of poor feeding and hypotonia. Laboratory findings in neonates may indicate polycythemia, leukopenia, or neutropenia. As they age, neurological deficits begin to manifest with seizures, dystonias, and severe developmental delay.

Pathophysiology
Fumarase deficiency is caused by a mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene in humans, which encodes the enzyme that converts fumarate to malate in the mitochondria.  Other mutant alleles of the FH gene, located on human Chromosome 1 at position 1q42.1, cause multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer. Fumarase deficiency is one of the few known deficiencies of the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, the main enzymatic pathway of cellular aerobic respiration.

The condition is an autosomal recessive disorder, and it is therefore usually necessary for an affected individual to receive the mutant allele from both parents.   A number of children diagnosed with the disorder have been born to parents who were first cousins. It can also be associated with uniparental isodisomy.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Epidemiology
Fumarase deficiency is extremely rare – until around 1990 there had only been 13 diagnosed and identified cases worldwide.

A cluster of 20 cases has since been documented in the twin towns of Colorado City, Arizona and Hildale, Utah, both of which were formerly known as "Short Creek" (or the Short Creek Community). The two towns combine to form a community of 10,000 members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS) who have a history of practicing successive endogamy, or marriage within their own communities.  Nicknamed "Polygamist's Down's", the syndrome has been blamed on cousin marriage, but in a larger sense is related to the reproductive isolation of a community among whom 85% are blood relatives of John Y. Barlow and/or Joseph Smith Jessop (the cofounders of the Short Creek Community).

Since the initial cluster from FLDS communities were reported, it is now estimated that there are 100 documented cases worldwide.

See also
 Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer
 Founder effect

References

Further reading

External links 

Amino acid metabolism disorders
Autosomal recessive disorders
Rare diseases
TCA and ETC metabolism disorders
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Disorders causing seizures
Richilde

Richilde or Richilda may refer to:

 Richilde of Provence (ca. 845–910)
 Richilde, Countess of Hainaut (ca. 1031–1086)
 Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile (ca. 1140 – 1185)
 Richilde (fairy tale), an 18th-century short story by Johann Karl August Musäus
 Richardis (ca. 840–896), Holy Roman Empress
Mantra Films

Mantra Films Inc., or Mantra Entertainment, was an American softcore pornography production company created by Joe Francis, chiefly for the production and distribution of the United States-based Girls Gone Wild and Guys Gone Wild media franchises.

History and organization

The company was previously known as Fall Line Entertainment. In addition to Girls Gone Wild, the company also produced the Banned from Television series in 1998, featuring raw, uncensored and graphic scenes of violence caught on camera. The company also produces "Uncensored" versions of reality dating shows such as Blind Date and The Fifth Wheel, which feature extensive (mostly female) nudity and sexual content that cannot be shown on mainstream television.

The company is based on a business model of getting young women to bare their breasts on camera in exchange for a t-shirt, then selling the resulting videos directly to the consumer. In the early days of his company, Francis obtained this footage third-party, and some cameramen who sold Francis footage did not obtain releases from those being filmed. This resulted in lawsuits, one of which was settled for $10,000. Today the videos, which sell for as little as $9.99 apiece, contribute to a total sales figure of $40 million a year for Mantra Films, Inc.

Legal issues

In January 2001, Francis was found liable by a Los Angeles jury for misappropriating the idea for Banned from Television, a series of extreme videotapes that preceded Girls Gone Wild and were distributed by Mantra.  The jury awarded producer Les Haber a total of $3.5 million on his claims against Francis.

A 2003 complaint against Mantra Films, Inc. resulted in a $1.1 million payout by the company. The complaint stemmed from Mantra's practice of enrolling customers in continuity programs without their consent. The penalty was partially to redress the customers who were harmed and also a civil penalty.

On September 12, 2006 Francis entered a plea agreement in a Florida court for failing to properly document the ages of models depicted in certain episodes, and for failing to label the DVDs with information regarding where such records are kept, as required by federal law. Following prosecution by the Obscenity Prosecution Task Force and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, Francis agreed to pay $2.1 million in fines.  The law in question is designed to protect minors from sexual exploitation.

In 2009 Mantra Films was reported to be delinquent in paying over $651,000 to the California Franchise Tax Board.

References

External links

Mass media companies established in 1998
American pornographic film studios
Film production companies of the United States
Pornography in California
Paul Daneman

Paul Frederick Daneman (29 October 1925 – 28 April 2001) was an English film, television, and theatre actor. He was successful for more than 40 years on stage, film and television.

Early life
Paul Daneman was born in Islington, London. He attended the Haberdashers' Aske's School in Elstree, Hertfordshire, and Sir William Borlase's Grammar School in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, and studied stage design at Reading University where he joined the dramatic society. His passion for the stage ignited during World War II when entertaining troops in the RAF, in which he served with Bomber Command from 1943 until 1947. After the war he abandoned a career as a painter in order to go to RADA.

Career
After training at RADA he joined Bristol Old Vic, Birmingham Rep, and the Old Vic for four years. At the British premiere in August 1955 he created the role of Vladimir in Waiting For Godot, at the Arts Theatre in Westminster. 
 
His film credits included Time Without Pity (1957), Zulu (1964), How I Won the War (1967) and Oh! What a Lovely War (1969).

Daneman's TV credits include: The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Four Just Men, Persuasion, Danger Man, Out of the Unknown, The Saint, Spy Trap, Blake's 7, The Professionals and Rumpole of the Bailey. The BBC's 1960 landmark production An Age of Kings, a fifteen-part drama that combined Shakespeare's histories of the kings of England and presented them in chronological order, featured Daneman as Richard III. In the early 60s he toured West Africa and Australia.

Daneman played the husband of Wendy Craig in the original series of the popular BBC sitcom
Not in Front of the Children before being replaced by Ronald Hines. He also played Bilbo Baggins in the 1968 BBC Radio dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. In that same year he appeared in the Sherlock Holmes detective series episode "The Sign of Four" as two brothers with Peter Cushing as Sherlock.

While recovering from a heart attack, he wrote the sitcom Affairs of the Heart. In 1995 Daneman published If I Only Had Wings, a novel inspired by his experiences in the Royal Air Force during World War II.

Personal life
Daneman was married twice. He married his first wife Susan Courtney in 1952, and they adopted a daughter, but divorced. He and his second wife, Meredith Kinmont (whom he married in 1965), had two daughters. Meredith, a former student of the Royal Ballet School, was an author and biographer of Dame Margot Fonteyn.

Death
Aged 75, Daneman died in 2001. His body was buried at East Sheen Cemetery in South-West London.

Filmography

See also
Tale Spinners for Children

Notes

References

External links
 

1925 births
2001 deaths
20th-century English male actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
English television writers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Actors from Islington (district)
People educated at Haberdashers' Boys' School
People educated at Sir William Borlase's Grammar School
Alumni of the University of Reading
Alumni of RADA
Male actors from London
20th-century English screenwriters
Rabbit (cipher)

Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software.

History 
Rabbit was first presented in February 2003 at the 10th FSE workshop. In May 2005, it was submitted to the eSTREAM project of the ECRYPT network.

Rabbit was designed by Martin Boesgaard, Mette Vesterager, Thomas Pedersen, Jesper Christiansen and Ove Scavenius.

The authors of the cipher have provided a full set of cryptanalytic white papers on the Cryptico home page. It is also described in RFC 4503. Cryptico had patents pending for the algorithm and for many years required a license fee for commercial use of the cipher which was waived for non-commercial uses. However, the algorithm was made free for any use on October 6, 2008. Also the website states that the algorithm and implementation is public domain software and offers the source code free for download.

Functionality 
Rabbit uses a 128-bit key and a 64-bit initialization vector. The cipher was designed with high performance in software in mind, where fully optimized implementations achieve an encryption cost of up to 3.7 cpb on a Pentium 3, and of 9.7 cpb on an ARM7. However, the cipher also turns out to be very fast and compact in hardware.

The core component of the cipher is a bitstream generator which encrypts 128 message bits per iteration. The cipher's strength rests on a strong mixing of its inner state between two consecutive iterations. The mixing function is entirely based on arithmetical operations that are available on a modern processor, i.e., no S-boxes or lookup tables are required to implement the cipher. The mixing function uses a g-function based on arithmetical squaring, and the ARX operations – logical XOR, bit-wise rotation with fixed rotation amounts, and addition modulo 232.

The g-function used in Rabbit – squaring a 32-bit number to produce a 64-bit number, and then combining the left half and the right half of that square number with xor, to produce a 32-bit result – provides much better results than using the 32 middle bits of that squared number (the middle-square method).

Security 
Rabbit claims 128-bit security against attackers whose target is one specific key. If, however, the attacker targets a large number of keys at once and does not really care which one he breaks, then the small IV size results in a reduced security level of 96 bit. This is due to generic TMD trade-off attacks. 

A small bias in the output of Rabbit exists, resulting in a distinguisher with 2247 complexity discovered by Jean-Philippe Aumasson in December 2006. Even though this distinguisher was improved to 2158 in 2008, it is not a threat to Rabbit's security because its complexity is significantly higher than the brute-force of the key space (2128).

References

External links 
 Rabbit RFC
 eSTREAM page on Rabbit

Stream ciphers
Public-domain software with source code
1872 in association football

The following are events in 1872 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.

Events
 24 February – England defeat Scotland 1–0 in the fifth and final representative match between the two teams.
 16 March – Wanderers defeat Royal Engineers 1–0 in the inaugural FA Cup Final  at the Kennington Oval. Morton Betts scores the winning goal in the 15th minute after a successful dribble by Walpole Vidal.
 30 November – The first FIFA-recognised international match is played in front of a crowd of 4,000 between Scotland and England at Hamilton Crescent, Partick. It ends as a 0–0 draw.

Clubs founded

England
 Kettering Town
 Telford United

France
 Le Havre becomes the first French football and rugby club, playing football on a regular basis from 1894.

Scotland
 Rangers
 Vale of Leven
 Dumbarton
 Renton
 Third Lanark

Wales
 Wrexham is founded on 28 September at the local Turf Hotel by two members of the Wrexham Cricket Club, who want to play sport during the winter months. It is the first Welsh football club.

Domestic cups

Births
 27 January – Jack Taylor (d. 1949), Scotland international forward in four matches (1892–1895); made 400 appearances for Everton (1896–1910), scoring 80 goals.
 27 April – Kelly Houlker (d. 1962), England international half-back in five matches (1902–1906).
 10 May – Charlie Athersmith (d. 1910), England international forward in twelve matches, scoring three goals (1892–1900); won five league titles with Aston Villa.
 25 November – G. O. Smith (d. 1943), England international forward in twenty matches (1893–1901), scoring eleven goals; captained the England team in at least thirteen matches from 1896 to 1901.
 21 December – Lewis Vaughan Lodge (d. 1916), England international full-back in five matches (1894–1896).
 27 December – Tommy Crawshaw (d. 1960), England international centre-half in ten matches (1895–1904).
 Full date unknown:
 Harry Davy (d. 1896), English professional footballer.

References

 
Association football by year
Andrew Robertson (actor)

Andrew Robertson (born 1941) is a British actor. He appeared in more than forty films since 1962.

Selected filmography

External links
 

1941 births
Living people
British male television actors
British male film actors
Sycosis

Sycosis is an inflammation of hair follicles, especially of the beard area, and generally classified as papulopustular and chronic.

Types
Types include:
 Sycosis barbae
 Lupoid sycosis
 Tinea sycosis
 Herpetic sycosis

References

Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
Lorna Heilbron

Lorna Heilbron (born 8 June 1948) is a Glasgow-born Scottish actress.

She appeared in television series such as Ace of Wands, Van der Valk, Blake's 7, Taggart, Lovejoy and Hazell.

She also starred in the horror films The Creeping Flesh (1973) and Symptoms (1974).

In the 1985 BBC TV play Queen of Hearts, she starred as a bored housewife who wore black underwear belonging to her teenaged daughter and then, fleetingly, experimented with prostitution. She also appeared in the 1988 supernatural thriller The Girl in a Swing, and the 1994 comedy drama Don't Get Me Started.

Personal life
In 1980 she married actor Nicholas Clay, remaining together until his death in 2000. They had two daughters in 1983 and 1986.

She is now a therapist under the name Lorna Clay. Her elder sister is actress Vivien Heilbron.

References

External links
 
 

1948 births
Living people
Scottish stage actresses
Scottish film actresses
Scottish television actresses
20th-century Scottish actresses
Actresses from Glasgow