alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
List of Joseon people

This is a partial list of people who lived during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, 1392–1910.

Rulers
See:  List of Korean monarchs

Royals
Grand Prince Yangnyeong
Queen Munjeong
Queen Inhyeon
Prince Sado
Queen Jeongsun
Heungseon Daewongun
Lady Hyegyeong
Empress Myeongseong
Empress Sunjeong

Scholar-officials
Scholar-officials, or munsin, held much of the power in the Joseon Dynasty bureaucracy.  Many members of the intellectual elite, also remembered for their work as poets or philosophers, served as scholar-officials.  Such service, however, was restricted to members of the hereditary yangban class.

Jeong Dojeon
Ha Ryun
Kwon Geun
Jeong Inji
Hwang Hui
Hwangbo In
Kim Jong-seo
Yu Eung-bu
Yu Seong-won
Pak Paeng-nyeon
Seong Sammun
Ha Wi-ji
Yi Gae
Kim Jil
Shin Suk-ju
Han Myung-hoi
Choi Se-jin
Kim Jong-jik
Yi Eon-jeok
Jo Gwang-jo
Yun Im
Yun Won-hyeong
Yi Hwang
Jo Sik
Seong Hon

Ryu Seong-ryong
Yi San-hae
Yi I
Kim Jang-saeng
Kim Jip
Jeong Cheol
Jo Heon
Kim Yuk
Yi Su-gwang
Song Si-yeol
Chae Je-gong
Shin Gwang-su
Yu Hyeong-won
Yi Ik
Yun Hyu
Bak Jiwon
Song Jun-gil
Hong Dae-yong
Yu Deuk-gong
Jeong Yak-yong
Pak Je-ga
Kim Jeong-hui
Pak Gyu-su
Pak Yeong-hyo
Kim Okgyun
Yi Yu-won

Military officials
Military service was technically open to people outside the yangban class, but in practice most high posts were held by the aristocracy.

Yi Il
Shin Rip
Yi Sun-sin
Kwon Yul
Kim Si-min
Yi Eok-gi
Won Gyun
Gang Hong-rip
Shin Ryu

Others
The common classes of Joseon included the yangmin free farmers, the jungin technical class, and the cheonmin underclass. These constituted the bulk of Joseon society, but only a handful of them are known to us today.

Women
Prominent women of the Joseon period were usually either of the high aristocratic class or kisaeng female entertainers.

Hwang Jin-i
Non Gae
Jang Geum, royal physician
Yi Mae-chang
Seo Yeongsuhap, poet and mathematician

Popular leaders
Choe Je-u
Hong Gyeong-nae
Jeon sang ki

Painters
Danwon
Gyeomjae
Hyewon
Owon

Authors
Many of the best-known writers of the Joseon period were also scholar-officials; they are listed above.

Kim Jeong-ho

Inventors
Some scholar-officials, such as Jeong Yak-yong, also worked as inventors. 

Jang Yeong-sil

See also
List of Silla people
List of Goryeo people
History of Korea

Joseon Dynasty people

Joseon
Gwendoline (opera)

Gwendoline is an opera in two acts and three scenes by the French composer Emmanuel Chabrier, with a libretto by Catulle Mendès. It was first performed at the Théâtre de la Monnaie, Brussels, Belgium, on 10 April 1886. Further performances followed in Karlsruhe in 1889, Leipzig in 1890 and then in Lyons and Paris in 1893. Gwendoline was Chabrier's attempt to write a serious opera in the style of Richard Wagner.

Roles

Synopsis
Place: The Coast of Britain
Time: The eighth century

Act 1

The Saxon village, situated in a valley, not far from the sea
Saxon villagers prepare for the day's work. Gwendoline warns her father, the Saxon chief Armel, about the menace of Danish pirates. After the menfolk leave, Gwendoline recounts her vision of being carried off by a Danish raider. Suddenly the Saxon men return, victims of a surprise Danish raid, led by Harald. He orders Armel to reveal the location of his hoard, and when Armel refuses, Harald prepares to execute him. Gwendoline begs him to spare her father; spellbound by her, Harald commands everyone to leave. Gwendoline sings a spinning song and succeeds in getting him to spin. Harald asks Armel to give his daughter in marriage – to which the Saxon elder consents while assuring his compatriots that revenge will come following the wedding feast. The two lovers take up the spinning song again as the act closes.

Act 2
The coarsely decorated nuptial chamber
A choral wedding procession is heard, while Armel plots with Aella and Erick to take the Danes' weapons and burn their ships. Gwendoline and Harald enter and Armel blesses their union. But Armel slips a dagger to Gwendoline for her to kill Harald that evening. Alone with Harald, Gwendoline urges him to flee, without revealing her father's intentions. They sing of their love but are interrupted by shouts of pirates being killed. Harald leaves to join his companions; Gwendoline gives him the dagger, swearing to join him in death.

A rocky ravine by the sea, Danish vessels in the background
As the Danes are being slaughtered, Harald staggers on and is trapped against a tree but laughs defiantly. The old man stabs him. Seeing her beloved dying, Gwendoline seizes the dagger and stabs herself to death. The two lovers stand together embracing as a ray of light illuminates them, with the Danish ships alight in a ball of fire.

Recordings
Gwendoline Adriana Kohútková, Didier Henry, Gérard Garino, Brno Czech National Philharmonic Male Choir, Slovak National Philharmonic Choir, Slovak National Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Jean-Paul Penin (L'Empreinte Digitale, 1999)

References

Further reading
Delage, Roger, Emmanuel Chabrier. Paris: Fayard, 1999. 
Holden, Amanda (ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.

External links

Del Teatro (in Italian)

French-language operas
Operas by Emmanuel Chabrier
1886 operas
Operas
Operas set in England
Operas set in the 8th century
Opera world premieres at La Monnaie
Brilliant Green

Brilliant Green may refer to:

 The Brilliant Green, Japanese rock band
 The Brilliant Green (album), the band's eponymous debut album
 Brilliant green (dye), a dye and antiseptic

See also
 Emerald (color)
United States Barista Championship

The United States Barista Championship (USBC), is an annual American coffee-brewing competition designed to evaluate baristas on their skills in espresso-based drink preparation and service. Competitors prepare and serve three courses of espresso-based beverages consisting of straight espressos, milk beverages, and signature drinks. They are then scored on taste, presentation, and technical proficiency. The winner represents the United States in the World Barista Championship.

Format

Qualifying
All USBC competitors must first qualify at a CoffeeChamps Qualifying Competition, which is an abbreviated version of the USBC. Two Qualifying Competitions are held each year, the top eighteen competitors from each Qualifying Competition move on to USBC. Places 7-18 move into Round One of USBC. The top six from each qualifying competition receive a bye into the semifinal round.

USBC consists of three rounds: Round One, Semi-Finals, and Finals. At the end of the first round, the competitors with the six highest scores advance to the semifinals round and join the twelve competitors who earned a bye from CoffeeChamps. Six competitors qualify for the finals and the champion is determined from this pool. The winner represents the United States in the World Barista Championship.

Presentation rules

At the Qualifying Competitions, baristas serve two courses of espresso-based beverages consisting of espressos and signature drinks for two scoring sensory judges, two non-scoring guest judges or judges-in-training, two technical judges, and a head judge. There is a ten-minute time limit.

At the USBC, competitors must make three courses of beverages within a fifteen-minute time limit and are judged by seven different judges. The judging team consists of four sensory judges, two technical judges, and a head judge. The role of the sensory judge is to score the competitor solely on the quality of the beverage served and customer service. The technical judges are not served drinks, but score the competitor on items ranging from cleanliness to consistency of shot times. Judges undergo a certification process before the competition.

History
The competition started in 2002 and was initially referred to as the North American Barista Competition. The 2021 edition of the competition was cancelled due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2015, the competition was the subject of the documentary Barista, which followed competitors in the 2013 USBC.

Winners

References

External links 
Official website

Coffee preparation
Competitions
Baristas
Eozoon canadense

Eozoön canadense (literally, "dawn animal of Canada") is a pseudofossil.

John William Dawson described the banded structures of coarsely crystalline calcite and serpentine as a gigantic Foraminifera, making it the oldest known fossil . It was found in Precambrian metamorphosed limestone of Canada, at Côte St. Pierre near Grenville (Quebec) in 1863. It was later found in several other localities. Dawson called it "one of the brightest gems in the scientific crown of the Geological Survey of Canada". In 1894, it was shown that the place where it was found was associated with metamorphism (; ).

Similar Eozoön structures were subsequently found in metamorphosed limestone blocks erupted from Mount Vesuvius, where high-temperature physical and chemical processes were responsible for their formation .

References
 
 
 
 

Pseudofossils
Precambrian fossils
Fossils of Canada
Fossils of Italy
Precambrian Canada
Precambrian Europe
Paleontology in Quebec
Metamorphic rocks
Mosa Zi Zemmori

Mosa Zi Zemmori is a Belgian citizen who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
His Guantanamo detainee ID number was 270. The Department of Defense reports that his date of birth is 3 July 1978, in Wilrijk, Belgium.
He was repatriated to Belgium on 25 April 2005.
When he was arrested he was characterized as a Moroccan, or a Belgian, from Morocco, although the DoD says he was born in Belgium.

Life

Press reports routinely assert Zemmori was detained while in Kandahar, in the south of Afghanistan.
But the official DoD allegations against Zemmori acknowledge he was detained in Pakistan, after turning himself in to Pakistani officials.
Those documents say he was transferred to a detention facility in Kandahar.

Administrative Review Board 

Detainees whose Combatant Status Review Tribunal labeled them "enemy combatants" were scheduled for annual Administrative Review Board hearings.  These hearings were designed to assess the threat a detainee might pose if released or transferred, and whether there were other factors that warranted his continued detention.

Repatriation
Zemmori was repatriated to Belgium on 25 April 2005, along with Mesut Sen.

Reuters reports he was held, for a time, by Belgian authorities.

July 2015 arrest

Police in Belgium reported that in July 2015, five men were arrested accused of conspiracy in an armed robbery that was intended to raise funds to support recruitment of fighters in Syria, the five included Zemmori and a second former Guantanamo prisoner.
The arrests occurred on 22 July 2015 but were not reported in the English-speaking press until 24 July. The Guardian and Reuters both described Zemmori as a "37-year-old Belgian of Moroccan origin". CNN described him as "a Moroccan national born in Antwerp.".

In May 2009, Zemmori and the other former Guantanamo prisoner were both cleared of the criminal conspiracy charges.

Open letter to President Biden

On 29 January 2021 the New York Review of Books published an open letter from Zemmori, and six other individuals who were formerly held in Guantanamo, to newly inaugurated President Biden, appealing to him to close the detention camp.

See also
 Seton Hall reports

References

Belgian extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
Belgian Muslims
Living people
1978 births
People from Wilrijk
Guantanamo detainees known to have been released
Timothy Kitson

Sir Timothy Peter Geoffrey Kitson (28 January 1931 – 18 May 2019) was a British Conservative politician who was Member of Parliament for Richmond, North Yorkshire.  He was first elected at the 1959 general election, and stood down at the 1983 general election.

Kitson was the son of Geoffrey H. and Kathleen Kitson. He was educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. He farmed in Australia from 1949 to 1951. From 1954 to 1957, he served as a councillor on Thirsk Rural District Council, and from 1957 to 1961 on North Riding County Council. In Parliament, he acted as joint honorary secretary of the Conservative parliamentary committee on agriculture, fisheries and food from 1965 to 1966 and a Parliamentary Private Secretary to the then Prime Minister Edward Heath from 1970 to 1974.

In 1964 and 1965, Kitson supported the Labour MP Sydney Silverman's successful 'Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Bill'. He opposed abolition in the form finalised in 1969, however. Kitson received a knighthood in Heath's resignation honours list in 1974.

The droll side of his personality was caught in an anecdote told by Heath in his autobiography. Heath had friendly relations with the Singapore politician, Lee Kuan Yew ['Harry' Lee]: "Whenever I have visited Singapore, except for the 1971 Commonwealth Conference, Harry Lee has generously settled me in his personal guest-house, and extended his hospitality to me. His dinners are marked by an invitation card and a menu with 'Smoking is not permitted' heavily printed at the top. Dining with the Lee family one time outside in his garden, I was alarmed when the butler came up to Sir Timothy Kitson, my parliamentary private secretary, and handed him a note. After reading it, Tim apologised to the Prime Minister [Lee Kuan Yew] and asked to be excused while he made a telephone call to London. He returned after some twenty minutes, but half an hour later the same thing happened. Again Tim came back without a word of explanation. When we got up after dinner, I quietly went up to him and said, 'Tim, what was all that about ? Is something wrong ? What is happening in London?' 'I didn't worry you because everything is perfectly all right,' he replied. 'I just had to have a smoke.'"

Personal life
Kitson married Diana Mary Fattorini in 1959; the couple had two daughters and one son. He died on 18 May 2019, aged 88.

References

External links 
 

1931 births
2019 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of North Riding County Council
Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
Alumni of the Royal Agricultural University
Knights Bachelor
List of Fiji Airways destinations

As of July 2023, Fiji Airways operates scheduled services to 27 international destinations in 15 countries, including charter destinations. This list does not include destinations served by subsidiary Fiji Link.

List

References

Lists of airline destinations
Aliou Mahamidou

Aliou Mahamidou (7 June 1947 – 13 January 1996) was a Nigerien businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Niger from 2 March 1990 to 1 November 1991.

References 

  

1947 births
1996 deaths
Prime Ministers of Niger
20th-century Nigerien politicians
T-board

A T-board is a longboard skateboard with only two wheels, designed to mimic the sensation of carving on a snowboard. The design differs from a traditional skateboard in a way similar to how rollerblades differ from traditional roller skates. The two wheels simulate a carving edge on pavement. The innovative design allows the board to tilt at a 60-degree angle, like a surf/snowboard, rather than the standard 25 degrees on a skateboard. 

T-boards are popular with surfers and snowboarders who use it to stay in good form when the weather conditions are not ideal. Surfers like that the design allows big turns or quick short carves similar to a surfboard. Snowboarders appreciate the T-boards pure carve feeling, often comparing it to snowboarding in powder.

History
In June 2006, there was a T-Board tour in Canada and on the North East-Coast of the US. The goal was to find new places to ride in different cities. Since the first tour was a success there was a second one in 2007 who covered the South East-Coast of the US.

A charity speed record event is planned by Greg Kett, UK using a T-Board. 

Based out of Chicago\Palatine Illinois Tyler Tierney and his brother designed the Tierney board over 3.5 years to its final shape.   

The Tierneyrides.com website is currently offline.

References
Cave, Steve. "T-Board by Tierney Rides". About.com. Online copy
Dodson, David A. "T-rrific". ViewOnlineMagazine.com Online copy
Wakeboarding News. Wakeboarder.com. Tierney T-board Review copy
Snowboarding.com. T-board Review. Online copy
Walters, Rod. "Riding the T-Board". Snow Japan.com Online copy
Williams, David. "Tierney Review". Wakeworld.com 02.21.05 Online copy
Dodson, David A. "T-time". ViewOnlineMagazine.com Online copy
Foley, Peter. Head Coach US Snowboard Team. Testimonials. Online copy
Snowboard-life.com / Skate and Snowboard / Online copy

External links
 Tierney Rides Japanese site

Individual sports
Racing
Skateboards
Finniss

Finniss may refer to:

People
 B. T. Finniss (1807–1893), Premier of South Australia

Places
 Electoral district of Finniss, an electoral district in South Australia
 Finniss, South Australia, a small town 
 Finniss Conservation Park, a protected area in South Australia
 Hundred of Finniss (Northern Territory), a cadastral unit
 Hundred of Finniss (South Australia), a cadastral unit

See also
 Finnis, a related surname
 Finniss River (disambiguation)
St. Albans School


St. Albans School may refer to:

Australia
 St Albans Secondary College, a 7-12 secondary school located at St Albans, Victoria, Australia

South Africa
 St. Alban's College, a private boarding and day school for boys in Lynnwood Glen, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

United Kingdom
 St Alban's Catholic High School, Ipswich, a secondary school and sixth form with academy status located in Ipswich, Suffolk
 St Alban's Roman Catholic High School, Pontypool, a Roman Catholic secondary school in Pontypool, Torfaen, Wales

St Albans, Hertfordshire
 St Albans Girls' School, a girls secondary school
 St Albans High School for Girls, a selective, independent day school for girls aged 4–18 years
 St Albans School, Hertfordshire, an independent school

United States
 Saint Albans High School (West Virginia), a public high school in Kanawha County
 St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.), an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in grades 4–12
Merozygote

Merozygote is a state when a cell, usually bacterial, is temporarily partial diploid as result of DNA transfer processes like conjugation.

One example of how merozygotes can be formed is the transfer of genetic material
of an Hfr cell to an F- cell through conjugation. When an Hfr cell mates with an F- cell, the chromosome acts as a rolling circle transferring a part of its genomic chromosome across a conjugation bridge. The origin is the first bit of the DNA to be injected, while the F-factor is the last. Very rarely the whole portion of the DNA (from the origin through the F-factor) will be transferred, resulting in a very low chance of passing on the F factor to the F- cell. After conjugation, the F- cell will contain a part of the Hfr chromosome, the exogenote, as well as its own genomic chromosome, the endogenote. At this stage the cell is called a merozygote. This temporary partial diploid state may lead to recombination between the corresponding portions of the DNA, so that the genetic material of the donor may be incorporated into the chromosome of the recipient, thereby altering the genotype of the recipient. However, if no recombination occurs, the linear fragment of donor DNA in the recipient cytoplasm will be lost after one cycle. These merozygotes help to study dominance variation and mutation can be known.

References 

Cells
Boukary Adji

Boukary Adji (1939– 4 July 2018) was a Nigerien politician. He served as Niger's Prime Minister from 30 January 1996 to 21 December 1996.

Adji was born in Tanout in Zinder Department. He studied in Poland on a scholarship he received in 1963, then at the University of Abidjan and at the Center for Financial and Banking Studies in Paris. He was appointed as Director in the Ministry of Planning in the early 1970s and became the Director of the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) for Niger. In the government named on 14 November 1983, he was appointed Minister of Finance, in which position he remained until after the 1987 death of Seyni Kountché. Later he served as Vice-Governor of the BCEAO.

He was named Prime Minister after Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara seized power in a January 1996 military coup.

He died in Niamey on July 4, 2018.

References

  

1939 births
2018 deaths
Ministers of council of Niger
Prime Ministers of Niger
Finance ministers of Niger
People from Zinder Region
20th-century Nigerien politicians
Bertrada of Prüm

Bertrada (born c. 670; died after 721), also called Berthe or Bertree, is known to be the mother of Charibert of Laon, with whom she is co-founder and benefactor of the Prüm Abbey. They founded the abbey in 721.

History
Bertrada came from a wealthy Austrasian noble family. Several alternative solutions to the question of her parentage have been suggested, among them:

 She was daughter of the seneschal and Pfalzgraf Hugobert and Irmina of Oeren
 She was the daughter-in-law of Irmina (died c. 704), daughter of Hugobert and Irmina, and her husband Charveus, Count of Laon, brother of Lambert, Count of Hesbaye 
 She was daughter of Theuderic III, king of Neustria and Austrasia, and Clotilda of Herstal.
The last two possibilities are not mutually exclusive.

Bertrada the Elder was married, but the identity of her husband is unknown. Bertrada and her husband had one known child:
 
 Charibert of Laon
 

Through Charibert's daughter Bertrada of Laon, wife of Pippin the Short, Bertrada of Prüm is the great-grandmother of Charlemagne.

References

Sources
 Maurice Chaume, "Études carolingiennes I: La famille de saint Guillaume de Gellone", in _Annales de Bourgogne_, vol. I (1929), 27-56 who presents the hypothesis that she was daughter of Theuderic (Thierry).
 Settipani, Christian. "The Ancestors of Charlemagne: Addendum to Addena, 31 January 2000" (PDF).

670 births
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
Merovingian dynasty
8th-century Frankish women
8th-century Frankish nobility
Plesiosiro

Plesiosiro is an extinct arachnid genus known exclusively from nine specimens from the Upper Carboniferous of Coseley, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. The genus is monotypic, represented only by the species Plesiosiro madeleyi described by Reginald Innes Pocock in his important 1911 monograph on British Carboniferous arachnids. It is the only known member of the order Haptopoda.

The original fossils have been redescribed in detail by Alexander Petrunkevitch in 1949 and Dunlop in 1999. A supposed example from the Coal Measures of Lancashire is a misidentification.

Relationships
Plesiosiro means "close to Siro", which is a genus of cyphophthalmid (Cyphophthalmi); the most primitive group of the living harvestmen (Opiliones). These harvestmen do, in some ways, resemble the reconstructed body plan of the haptopods.

Revisions have confirmed that Haptopoda should be treated as a separate and independent order. A 2007 study tentatively recognised a group named Schizotarsata Shultz, 2007 comprising Haptopoda, Amblypygi (whip spiders), Uropygi (whip scorpions) and Schizomida (schizomids), which has been recovered subsequently in a number of other phylogenies to include fossils. All share the character of a subdivided tarsus (or foot) which gives the group its name. A 2014 analysis found that Plesisiro had chelicerae consisting of two elements, a basal paturon and a fang, which suggests a position within Tetrapulmonata. Under both equal and implied weights, Plesisiro was found to be the most basal member of a clade containing Amblypygi, Schizomida, and Uropygi (Thelyphonida s.s.), which was sister to the clade containing Araneae and Uraraneida.

Names

The order has also been called Haptopodida; the ending -ida originated when Petrunkevitch (1955) tried to standardize the endings of the arachnid orders.

Haptopoda originates from Greek "haptos" (= tangible, subject to the sense of touch) + "pous, podos" (= foot) and refers to its quite long front pair of legs with their subdivided tips which look as though they might have been used to 'feel' their way around in front of the animal.

References

Carboniferous arachnids
Prehistoric arachnid genera
Carboniferous arthropods of Europe
Carboniferous England
Pennsylvanian first appearances
Pennsylvanian extinctions
Fossil taxa described in 1911
Jim Power

Jim Power may refer to:

Games
 Jim Power in Mutant Planet, a 1992 platform game for the Amiga, Atari ST and Amstrad CPC
 Jim Power: The Lost Dimension in 3-D, a 1993 platform game

People
 Jim Power (economist), Chief Economist at Friends First and commentator in Ireland's media
 Jim Power (hurler) (1895–1998), Irish hurler for Galway
 Jim Power (Gaelic footballer), Irish Gaelic footballer
Henry Ferne

Henry Ferne (1602 – 16 March 1662) was an English bishop.

Life

Ferne was born in York.  He was educated at Uppingham School to which he was sent by Sir Thomas Nevill of Holt who had married his mother. He was admitted to St Mary Hall, Oxford, in 1618, and to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1620. He graduated B.A. in 1623 and was elected fellow in 1624. He was awarded a D.D. at Cambridge in 1642. He became Chaplain Extraordinary to Charles I; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1660 to 1662; Dean of Ely, about 1662; Bishop of Chester, February 1662, and died in Chester five weeks after his consecration, on 16 March.

Works

He wrote many controversial pamphlets and was one of those who attacked James Harrington's book The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656).

References

The Master of Trinity at Trinity College, Cambridge
Samuel Pepys diary - 2 September 1660

1602 births
1662 deaths
Alumni of St Mary Hall, Oxford
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Leicester
Bishops of Chester
Deans of Ely
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
Clergy from York
Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct

Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct or Terusan Wan Mat Saman is the longest aqueduct in Malaysia. The total length is 36 km, connecting Sungai Kedah at Alor Setar to Gurun in the south of Kedah. It was built between 1885 and 1896 at the order of Menteri Besar of Kedah at the time, Wan Mat Saman. The structure enables Kedah to boost its rice production and through it, enables Kedah to earn the nickname "Malaysia's rice bowl".

The canal was a renaissance to the agriculture of the state. It symbolised the transition from the conventional way of life to the modern system. The construction of the structure used only the simplest tools. To ensure that the canal ran straight, the initial diggings were done at nighttime, in which rows of jamung or traditional torches were lit in a straight line.

Today the canal remains part of the state's landscape, running along the Route 1 of the Federal Road, which is sandwiched by a smaller canal built later. Traditional Malay & Chinese houses, as well as new schools, shops, mosques, and cemeteries dotted the canal but the remaining part in Tandop, in the outskirts of Alor Setar have been covered by the municipal council in the road-widening project. Sometimes road users can spot traditional nets hanging from a bamboo poles (tangkui), ducks swimming around, schools of freshwater fish and even small rafts built by kids. In recent years however, the canal has fallen into disrepair & neglect. The canal is not a registered heritage site and the management of the canal is overlapped between various state & federal government agencies.

A few artifacts have been discovered along the aqueduct including keris daggers. The artifacts are now displayed in the State Museum in Alor Setar.

 
Buildings and structures in Kedah
Aqueducts
Two by Two

Two by Two, two by two, 2×2 or 2by2 may refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media

Film and television
 2×2 (TV channel), a TV channel in Russia
 Two by Two, or Ooops! Noah Is Gone..., a 2015 animated film
 "Two By Two", a Rugrats TV episode

Music and musicals
 Two by Two (musical), a 1970 Broadway show with music by Richard Rodgers

Albums 
 Two by Two (album), by Blue Zoo, 1983 
 2×2, a box set of the albums All or Nothing and The U.S.-Remix Album: All or Nothing by Milli Vanilli released in the UK and France in 1989
 2 X 2, a 1997 album by Gigi
 II x II, a 1970 album by The Cowsills

Songs
 "Two by Two", from the musical The Book of Mormon
 "Two By Two", a song by Quasi from the 1999 album Field Studies
 "2 X 2", a song by Bob Dylan from the 1990 album Under the Red Sky
 Two by Two, a 1988 song by Cristiana Cucchi

Other uses
 2x2, a two-wheeled two-wheel drive vehicle
 2by2, an American lottery game 
 2x2 Project, a public health journalism initiative
 Two-by-two matrix, a square matrix of order 2

See also
 Two (disambiguation)
 2+2 (disambiguation)
 Two two (disambiguation)
 Pocket Cube, a puzzle device also known as a 2×2×2 Rubik's Cube
 Two by Twos, a religious movement
Charles Shaw

Charles Shaw may refer to:
Charles F. Shaw, founder of the Charles Shaw wine brand
Charles Green Shaw (1892–1974), American painter and writer
Charles Shaw (writer) (1900–1955), Australian novelist whose book Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison was adapted for film
Charles Alexander Shaw (1944–2020), United States federal judge 
Charles Shaw (singer) (born 1960), rapper who sang vocals credited to Milli Vanilli
Charles Shaw (British Army officer) (1795–1871), British soldier active in Portuguese campaigns
Charles Shaw (journalist) (1911–1987), American journalist
Charles "Bobo" Shaw (1947–2017), American jazz drummer
Charlie Shaw (footballer, born 1862) (1862–?), English footballer
Charlie Shaw (footballer, born 1885) (1885–1938), Scottish football goalkeeper (Celtic FC)
Charles Shaw (potter) (1832–1906), English potter
Charles Thurstan Shaw (1914–2013), English archaeologist
Charles A. Shaw (1831–1909), New England politician, inventor, and showman
Allan Shaw (priest) (Charles Allan Shaw, 1927–1989), Anglican priest
Barry Shaw (barrister) (Charles Barry Shaw, 1923–2010), Northern Irish barrister
C. Montague Shaw (Charles Montague Shaw, 1882–1968), Australian actor
Sir Charles Shaw, 1st Baronet (1859–1942), British Liberal Party politician

See also
Charles Shaw wine, a brand of "extreme value" wine
Wahgunyah

Wahgunyah  is a town in northeastern Victoria, Australia. The town is on the southern bank of the Murray River, opposite Corowa, New South Wales, in the Shire of Indigo. Wahgunyah is  north east of the state capital, Melbourne and  west of Albury/Wodonga. At the , Wahgunyah had a population of 1,098.

The name is believed to be an aboriginal phrase meaning the resting place of crows.

History 
The Wahgunyah cattle run was leased by John Foord and John Crisp in 1841. The township was established by Foord in 1856 and became important before the arrival of the railway in 1879 as the furthest upstream port on the Murray. The Post Office opened on 1 July 1858   and a school opened the same year.

All Saints Estate winery to the north of town was established in 1864 by Scottish emigrants George Sutherland Smith and John Banks and its extensive cellar building was, at least in part, modelled on the Castle of Mey near Smith and Banks's home town Caithness.

The town today 
The main factory of Nestlé’s breakfast cereal arm Uncle Tobys is on the outskirts of Wahgunyah.

Sports and Recreation

The town has had an Australian rules football team since 1877 and Wahgunyah's first recorded match was against Corowa and was a return match against Corowa Football Club on Saturday, 16 June 1877, played "on the hill" in Corowa, with Wahgunyah winning the first encounter. Throughout 1877, there was talk of the Wahgunyah and Corowa Football Club's merging to form one stronger club and be called Border United Football Club. This merger actually took place and their first match as Border United was played against the Rutherglen Football Club in August 1877 and was captained by Jacob Levin. The Border United team wore pink and white colours. Border United FC remained in place until 1905, when they both entered stand alone teams in the Corowa District Football Association  in 1906.

Wahgunyah have won the following seven senior football premierships in the Coreen & District Football League - 1948, 1949, 1968, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004.

Wahgunyah played in the Chiltern & District Football Association between 1920 & 1921, 1923 - 1929, 1931 - 1937, 1950, 1953 - 1956, winning senior football premierships in 1955 and 1956.

At present (2021) compete in the Tallangatta & District Football League after having been in the Coreen & District Football League until 2007.

References

External links

Wahgunyah Football / Netball Club

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Indigo
Populated places on the Murray River
Aurora (pen manufacturer)

Aurora is an Italian manufacturer of fine writing instruments, fountain pens, paper and leather goods, founded in 1919 by wealthy textile merchant Isaia Levi. The company's products represent the first true Italian fountain pens and are still currently manufactured in their original factory in Turin, northern Italy. Aurora makes a number of small batch production pens, including the Aurora diamanté limited edition diamond embedded pen priced at around 1.46 million US Dollars. It is embedded with 2000 diamonds.

History 
In 1919 immediately after the World War I, the company was founded as the "Fabbrica Italiana di Penne a Serbatoio - Aurora", with the financial support of Isaia Levi, in Turin, in 1919.

Aurora began to produce fountain pens, first in black only, then adding several colors to its models. In 1929, Aurora started its expansion to other European countries, which led the company to increase its production and introduce new series. Due to the scarcity of gold during the World War II, the company replaced the material with a special alloy named "platiridio", produced and used in some economic models for students.

In 1943, the Aurora factory was completely destroyed by a bomb attack. It forced the company to move to the North of the city. Four years later, the most well-known Aurora model, the "88", was launched. It was designed by Marcello Nizzolli with the aim to compete with the Parker 51. The Aurora 88 sold more than 5 million units all over the world, being in production until the 1970s. Moreover, it is considered the most successful Italian fountain pen. A new 88 model would be produced in the 1990s, but its materials and characteristics were different, appearing like a more conventional fountain pen and breaking with the Parker 51 resemblance showed in the original model of 1947.

In 1954, the "Duo Cart" Aurora was launched. This pen, designed by Albe Steiner, was the first to introduce an ink cartridge to an Aurora model. The cartridge had the particularity of allowing a second cartridge to be linked to the first one by a metal tube, in which a ball was introduced. When the cartridge was empty, the ball moved making a clinking that allowed the student to know that one cartridge was already empty.

Aurora was acquired by the Verona family. From then on, new models were launched, with the "Hastil" – designed by architect Marco Zanuso in 1969 – as the most relevant. This model achieved a huge success, with a copy permanently exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art of New York. It was made of steel, plastic and white gold.

References

External links 
 Official website

Manufacturing companies established in 1919
Manufacturing companies based in Turin
Fountain pen and ink manufacturers
Italian companies established in 1919
Italian brands
Upper Navarrese dialect

Upper Navarrese (sometimes called High Navarrese) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken in the Navarre ( or Nafarroa Garaia) community of Spain, as established by linguist Louis Lucien Bonaparte in his famous 1869 map. He actually distinguished two dialects: Meridional (area of Pamplona and south) and Septentrional. However, the southern varieties became extinct early in the 20th century mainly after becoming absorbed by Northern Spanish or Aragonese. So documentation of the Meridional subgroup is rendered impossible. It is unknown whether the extinction was due to Francisco Franco's fierce suppression of Basque culture.

Upper Navarrese and Eastern Navarrese are no closer to each other than they are to Gipuzkoan.

See also
 Basque dialects

References

Basque dialects
Navarre culture
The Weather Underground (film)

{{Infobox film
| name        = The Weather Underground
| image       = Theweatherunderground.jpg
| caption     = U.S. DVD cover
| writer      = 
| starring    = Bill AyersBernardine DohrnMark RuddBrian FlanaganNaomi JaffeLaura WhitehornDavid GilbertKathleen Neal CleaverTodd Gitlin
| director    = Sam GreenBill Siegel
| producer    = 
| music       = 
| distributor = 
| released    = 
| runtime     = 95 minutes
| country     = United States
| language    = English
| budget      = 
| gross       = $564,632<ref>The Weather Underground Box Office Mojo</ref>
}}The Weather Underground is a 2002 documentary film based on the rise and fall of the American radical far-left Communist terrorist organization Weather Underground.

Summary
Using archive footage from the time as well as interviews with the Weathermen in the modern day, the film constructs a linear narrative of the organization and serves as a cautionary tale.

Reception
Critical responseThe Weather Underground has an approval rating of 91% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 58 reviews, and an average rating of 7.79/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Fascinating documentary about the militant Weathermen".  Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 77 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Accolades
The film, directed by Sam Green and Bill Siegel, won the audience choice award at the Chicago Underground Film Festival and went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2004.

See alsoUndergroundThe Company You KeepAmerican Pastoral, the 2016 film adaptation of Philip Roth's novel about American left-wing terrorism

References

External links
The Weather Underground site for Independent Lens'' on PBS

The Weather Underground on Sam Green's website
The Weather Underground Official Site
The Weather Underground on Vimeo

2002 documentary films
2002 films
American documentary films
Documentary films about American politics
Weather Underground
Documentary films about revolutionaries
Films directed by Sam Green
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Documentary films about terrorism

fr:The Weather Underground
John Arrowsmith (scholar)

John Arrowsmith (29 March 1602 – 15 February 1659) was an English theologian and academic.

Life
Arrowsmith was born near Gateshead and entered St John's College, Cambridge, in 1616.  In 1623 he entered the fellowship of St Catherine Hall, Cambridge.

In 1631 he became a preacher at King's Lynn, Norfolk. He was a member of the Westminster Assembly and preached to the Long Parliament on a number of occasions. He was elected as Master of St Johns, Cambridge, on 11 April 1644. In 1645 he became rector of St Martin Pomary, London. He served as Vice-Chancellor of the University in 1647–1648.

In 1651, he was elected Regius Professor of Divinity, and, in 1653, Master of Trinity College. He resigned his professorship in 1655 and died on 15 February 1659 in Cambridge.

Works
The Covenant-avenging Sword Brandished (1643)
Englands Eben-ezer (1645)A Great Wonder in Heaven (1647)Armilla Catechetica (Cambridge, 1659)Tactica Sacra'' (Amsterdam, 1657)

References

Links
 
The Master of Trinity at Trinity College, Cambridge

External links
Biography

 

1602 births
1659 deaths
Masters of St John's College, Cambridge
Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge
Westminster Divines
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
People from Gateshead
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Regius Professors of Divinity (University of Cambridge)
17th-century English theologians
English Calvinist and Reformed theologians
17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
English male non-fiction writers
Florida State Road 849

State Road 849 (SR 849) is a  state highway from the Florida's Turnpike access road connecting Martin Luther King Boulevard/Hammondville Road and Coconut Creek Parkway (Broward County Route 912) to the north and Atlantic Boulevard (SR 814) to the south. State Road 849 lies entirely within the city limits of Pompano Beach, Florida. In addition, a campus of Broward Community College is situated  to the west of the northern terminus of SR 849; and motorists can also use the Turnpike, SR 849, and SR 814 eastward to go to Pompano Beach Airpark.

Route description 
State Road 849 begins at an intersection with State Road 814 (Atlantic Boulevard) in Pompano Beach, Florida. The route progresses northward along Atlantic Boulevard Extension as a four-lane arterial boulevard. The road makes a curve to the northeast after passing over a bridge, but soon turns northward once again, passing a short stretch of commercial businesses. The highway then intersects with Dr. Martin Luther King Boulevard (County Road 912), where the designation terminates. The right-of-way for State Road 849 continues as the access ramp to the Florida's Turnpike (State Road 91) Exit 67.

History 

Although it passes through a residential development, SR 849 was originally built to be an access road between the Turnpike and Atlantic Boulevard, a major east–west highway that provides access to Pompano Park Race Track. About 1970, a section of SR 912 (which was originally on Hammondville Road between US 441-SR 7 and SR 811) was rerouted along the Atlantic Boulevard Extension and eastward along Atlantic Boulevard.  About 1983, as part of a statewide renumbering, Coconut Creek Parkway received an SR 912 designation and the Atlantic Boulevard Extension received SR 849 (afterwards SR 814 was - and is - entirely on Atlantic Boulevard).

Major intersections

References

External links 

Florida's Great Renumbering

849
849
State highways in the United States shorter than one mile
Pompano Beach, Florida
Christ at the Column (Antonello da Messina)

Christ at the Column is a small painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Antonello da Messina, executed c. 1476–1478, showing the Flagellation of Christ. It is in the Louvre in Paris.

Painted in his final years, the pictures shows Antonello's assimilation of the Early Netherlandish and Venetian influences into a mature art. For long time the unusual small size and close-up view of the subject led scholars to think that the work had been cut down and originally extended lower, and that originally a parapet separated Christ from the watchers. This theory has been proved to be wrong.

The face of Christ was a common theme in Antonello's art: however, portraying Christ in the middle of his pain, in the moment in which the tortures have just begun, Antonello managed to obtain an emotive impact sometimes lacking in his similar works.

As usual, Antonello devoted high attention to the rendering of details: the sweaty hair, the beard (each hair of which can be distinguished), the half open mouth, in which teeth and tongue can be seen, the first stripes of blood marking the face, the perfectly transparent drops.

See also
Crucifixion (Antonello da Messina)
Ecce Homo (Antonello da Messina)

Further reading

External links
 Description on the site of the Louvre
 Description 

1470s paintings
Paintings by Antonello da Messina
Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists
Antonello
Dinon

Dinon or Deinon (Greek  or ) of Colophon (c. 360–340 BC) was a Greek historian and chronicler, the author of a history of Persia, many fragments of which survive. The Suda mistakenly attributes this work to Dio Cassius. He is the father of Cleitarchus.

He takes the history of the near East from where Ctesias leaves off, and, while indulging in the taste for the low, was held in considerably more regard than that author's Persica.

External links
Article at the Enciclopedia Iranica

Editions
 Lenfant, Dominique (ed., trans. comm.), Les histoires perses de Dinon et d'Héraclide (Paris: De Boccard, 2009) (Persika, 13).

Ancient Colophonians
Classical-era Greek historians
Historians from ancient Anatolia
Achaemenid Empire
List of Finnish architects

The following is a list of notable architects from Finland.

A–M

 Aino Aalto
 Alvar Aalto
 Waldemar Aspelin
 Pauli E. Blomstedt
 Erik Bryggman
 Marco Casagrande
 Hilding Ekelund
 Aarne Ervi
 Kristian Gullichsen
 Mikko Heikkinen
 Vilhelm Helander
 Signe Hornborg 
 Aarne Hytönen
 Markku Komonen
 Juha Leiviskä
 Risto-Veikko Luukkonen
 Rainer Mahlamäki

N–Z

 Usko Nyström
 Simo Paavilainen
 Juhani Pallasmaa
 Timo Penttilä
 Raili Pietilä
 Reima Pietilä
 Viljo Revell
 Aarno Ruusuvuori
 Eero Saarinen
 Eliel Saarinen
 Ebba-Stina Schalin-Hult
 Heikki Siren
 J. S. Sirén
 Kaija Siren
 Lars Sonck
 Matti Suuronen
 Jaakko Tähtinen
 Einari Teräsvirta
 Martti Välikangas
 Waldemar Wilenius

See also

 List of architects
 List of Finns

Finnish
Architects
Navarro-Lapurdian dialect

Navarro-Labourdin or Navarro-Lapurdian () is a Basque dialect spoken in the Lower Navarre and Labourd (Lapurdi) former provinces of the French Basque Country (in the Pyrénées Atlantiques département). It consists of two dialects in older classifications, Lower Navarrese and Labourdin.  It differs somewhat from Upper Navarrese spoken in the Peninsular Basque Country. 

Lower Navarrese or Low Navarrese (Standard Basque: behe-nafarrera) is actually two subdialects, eastern and western; the western dialect continues into eastern Labourd. Labourdin (French labourdin; Standard Basque lapurtera, locally lapurtara) is spoken in western Lapurdi.

Labourdin is felt by speakers of other dialect to be clear-cut and elegant, retaining like other northern Basque dialects the consonant , and it was used along with Gipuzkoan and High Navarrese in the creation of the Batua, a standardised form of Basque intended for teaching and the media.

Classic Labourdin was a literary language of the 17th century, used by authors such as Axular. The type of syllable stress in Hondarribian Basque is considered to be a remainder of the one that may have been used in Classic Lapurdian. 

Salazarese, spoken in Spain, was once thought to be a subdialect of Navarro-Lapurdian, but it is now classified as Eastern Navarrese.

References

Basque dialects
Labourd
Callanish VIII

The Callanish VIII stone setting is one of many megalithic structures around the better-known (and larger) Calanais I on the west coast of the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland. It is also known locally as Tursachan.

This is a very unusual (and possibly unique) setting, with a semicircle of four large stones on the edge of a cliff on the south of the island of Great Bernera and looking across a narrow strait to Lewis.  There is no evidence that the cliff has collapsed here and destroyed half of a complete circle – it would appear that a semicircle was the original intention.  The tallest stone is nearly three metres high and the cliff-edge axis of the circle gives a diameter of about 20 metres.

Footnotes

External links

 Photos of Callanish VIII on the Ancient Scotland site

Archaeological sites in the Outer Hebrides
Isle of Lewis
Scheduled monuments in Scotland
Elisabeth Kværne

Elisabeth Kværne (born  August 31, 1953) is a Norwegian musician.  She plays the langeleik, a string instrument similar to the Appalachian dulcimer. She won the 1985 Spellemannprisen in the category folk music and old dance for På langeleik.

References

See also
Music of Norway

1953 births
Norwegian folk musicians
Spellemannprisen winners
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)