alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Adrian Knatchbull-Hugessen

Adrian Norton Knatchbull-Hugessen,  (5 July 1891 – 30 March 1976) was a British-born Canadian lawyer and senator.

Biography 
Knatchbull-Hugessen was born in Ashford, Kent, England on 5 July 1891, the son of Edward Hugessen Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne, and Ethel Mary Walker, daughter of Sir George Gustavus Walker.

He was educated at Eton College, but emigrated to Canada to study law at McGill University in Montreal. He was called to the Canadian Bar in 1914.  During the First World War, he served as a captain in the Canadian Artillery.  After the war, he became a successful lawyer and organiser for the Liberal Party of Canada.  In the 1935 federal election, he ran unsuccessfully for election to the House of Commons of Canada as the Liberal candidate in the Montreal riding of St. Lawrence—St. George. He became King's Counsel (KC) in 1932. In 1937, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada. He served as the President of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1940 to 1943 and Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate from 1950 to 1952. He retired from the Senate in 1967.

Family 
He married Margaret Cecilia Duggan on 7 September 1922. Margaret (Peggy) was the only daughter of George Herrick Duggan (1862–1946) and Mildred Scarth Stevenson.

They had the following children:

Edward Herrick Knatchbull-Hugessen (4 June 1923 – 1955)
Kenneth Wyndham Knatchbull-Hugessen (18 February 1925 – 19 December 1942)
Andrew John Knatchbull-Hugessen (born 30 June 1926), who represented Canada in sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics 
Mary Cecilia Knatchbull-Hugessen (born 30 November 1929), married Stephen Keynes.
James Cornelius Knatchbull-Hugessen (born 26 Jul 1933), judge

He took his two sons Edward and James into his law business, but Edward died young. James K. Hugessen became an important Canadian judge.

Archives 
There is an Adrian Knatchbull Hugessen and family fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

References

External links

1891 births
1976 deaths
Lawyers in Quebec
Canadian senators from Quebec
Liberal Party of Canada senators
People from Ashford, Kent
People educated at Eton College
Younger sons of barons
Canadian King's Counsel
McGill University Faculty of Law alumni
Anglophone Quebec people
English emigrants to Canada
English barristers
Adrian
Caledonian Club

The Caledonian Club is a private club founded in 1891. It is located at 9 Halkin Street SW1, near Belgrave Square, Belgravia, London.

History 
Founded in 1892 as a proprietary club, the Caledonian Club as it is today was formed in 1917 under the leadership of the Marquis Tullibardine. He appealed to Members to make it "the representative national club and headquarters for Scotsmen in London" as well as to those having 'close association' with Scotland, for example, by being born in Scotland, educated in Scotland or having direct Scottish descent. Full membership has been open to women since 2011.

One of the more famous members was John Logie Baird who used the Club to give a private demonstration of his new television system to the Prince of Wales, later briefly King Edward VIII. Baird installed a receiver at the Club and arranged for a special television programme to be sent over from his studio on Long Acre. Other famous members have included Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Viscount Younger, Sean Connery, Sir Alex Ferguson and William Purves, former Chairman of HSBC.

The Club was located at 33 St James's Square until World War II when it suffered a direct hit during the Blitz.  It then moved from St James's, eventually settling across Green Park into the current clubhouse on Halkin Street, which opened in October 1946 and is named after Halkin Castle, the Duke of Westminster's seat in Flintshire. It was built in 1907 as a private residence of Hugh Morrison to the design of Detmar Blow. A new five-storey wing with a terrace garden was officially opened on St Andrew's Day in 2006 by Queen Elizabeth II.

Societies 

The Club has established various societies:
Members of the Golfing Society play regularly at courses throughout the UK, including Loch Lomond, The Berkshire, Woking, and Archerfield, and on an annual visit to France, usually Le Touquet. A putting contest takes place within the clubhouse at the annual social evening, and guests are tested on their golf knowledge thereafter.
The Racing Society has currently one horse in training, "Fruit Pastille". Members may buy shares in a syndicate or become supporters: they are informed when the horse is racing and have the opportunity to attend races using owners’ and trainers’ facilities.
After lunch at the Club on the first Tuesday of each month, a speaker is invited to talk to The Number 9 Society.
Bridge Society
Snooker Society
The Shooting and Fishing Society hosts numerous events throughout the country, including a highly sociable competition against the New Club, Edinburgh.
The Musical Society organises a series of performances by world-class young musicians in spring and autumn.

See also
List of London's gentlemen's clubs

References

External links
Official website

Gentlemen's clubs in London
1891 establishments in England
Scottish diaspora in Europe
Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster
Organizations established in 1891
Belgravia
Celtic, Gaelic, and Highland societies
Farid Stino

Dr. Farid Kamal Ramzi Stino is an Egyptian scientist, scholar, and entrepreneur who was born in Cairo, Egypt on September 1, 1943. He is the son of Dr. Kamal Ramzi Stino, the late Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt under Nasser's regime, and Lady Farida Shawky Shenouda, the daughter of Shawkey BEK Shenouda of Egypt. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Cairo University, Egypt,in 1964. He then travelled to the United States and earned his Master of Science degree in 1968 and his Ph.D. degree in 1971, from The University of Georgia, in Athens, Georgia, USA. It was there that he met and married his wife of 33 years, Dr. Zandra Hargrove Stino. He has five living children: Ramzi, Farida, Karim, Magdi and Farrah. He is the beloved grandfather of Jadon Stino Gibson, Martino Ramzi Stino, Natalia Stino Gibson, Mario Ramzi Stino, and Austen Karim Stino.

Dr. Stino was the President and CEO of Ismailia-Misr Poultry Company, one of the largest poultry companies in the Middle East.
He is also the owner and founder of Stino Farms, based in Cairo.  
He founded Stino Agriconsults, an Agricultural Consulting Firm that had more than 25 consultants, including Dr. Nageeb Goher, the former President of Cairo University and Dr. Gamal Kamar the former Professor of Poultry Physiology and Dr. Hamdy Mourad, the late Animal Physiologist. Dr. Stino taught Poultry Breeding and Genetics at Cairo University. He also taught Biostatistics and Computer Methodology, as a visiting professor, at Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University (FAMU) in Tallahassee Florida, USA for twelve years starting 1988. He returned to Cairo University in 2000 to head the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. Twelve Ph.D. students and twenty six M.S. students graduated under his supervision. He has more than 65 published articles in peer-review journals. 
His passion for genetics and poultry led him to engineer and create the worlds only white meat quail, which is at least double the size of wild quail. Stino quail is coveted all over the region and is sold at five star restaurants, hotels and markets. He spends his retirement years still teaching Biostatistics at Cairo University.

References

External links
Stino Farms official website
"Swine and the Flu," editorial by Dr. Stino

Year of birth missing (living people)
Egyptian Copts
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)

nl:Kamal Stino#Familie
M39 lens mount

The M39 lens mount is a screw thread mounting system for attaching lenses to 35 mm cameras, primarily rangefinder (RF) Leicas.  It is also the most common mount for Photographic enlarger lenses.

True Leica Thread-Mount (LTM) is 39 mm in diameter and has a thread of 26 turns-per-inch or threads-per-inch (tpi) (approximately 0.977 mm pitch) of Whitworth thread form. Whitworth threads were then the norm in microscope manufacture. The Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) thread, also known as society thread, is a special 0.8" diameter x 36 tpi Whitworth thread used for microscope objective lenses and Leitz was a major manufacturer of microscopes, so the tooling at the plant was already set up to produce the Whitworth thread form. The Soviets in the 1930s produced their early FED cameras in M39×1 (39 mm by 1 mm DIN thread). Early Canon cameras also used a different M39 × 24 tpi thread mount, called "J-mount".

True LTM lenses have a flange focal distance of 28.8 mm, though this is of little importance for lenses used on bellows enlargers.

The Soviets later adopted the LTM mount for their Zenit single-lens-reflex (SLR) cameras, though with the longer optical registration of 45.2 mm, required to allow the mirror room to flip out of the focal path when a picture was taken.

The mount was developed by Oskar Barnack at Leica to provide a system that would allow for the exchange of lenses on their new small film cameras (Leica Type 1 and Leica Type 2), as Zeiss Ikon had indicated that their forthcoming Contax rangefinder cameras would have interchangeable lenses.  The LTM system was tested at the request of Leitz on lenses manufactured in small batches by Hugo Meyer in Germany and marketed with a run of Leitz cameras by A. O. Roth in London.  The test marketing program was a success, so regular production with Leitz camera bodies and lenses was introduced on the Leica II, and featured on the Leica Standard and Leica III.

Until the 1950s the 39 mm mount was the norm for exchangeable lenses in rangefinder cameras. The high cost of quality lenses led to the dual use camera/enlarger of the lenses, hence the fact that enlargers also accept 39 mm lenses.

Currently, Cosina in Japan — many of whose recent products are marketed under the Voigtländer brand — and FED in Ukraine continue to produce camera bodies using a true Leica thread-mount. These give amateurs the rare chance of having a very professional camera by combining a used Leica lens with an M39 body at a price well below a real Leica combination. On the other hand, one has to be careful as there are some issues with some bodies not using the same focusing system. Adaptors are available to use M39 lenses with modern digital cameras, such as the Canon EF-M, Sony E or Nikon Z mounts.

See also
 Leica M mount
 M42 lens mount

References

Sources
 Leica vs. Soviet mounts & focus
  Standard: GOST 10332-63
  Standard: GOST 10332-72
 Marc James Small. Non-Leitz Leica Thread-Mount Lenses: a 39mm Diversity. Rita Wittig, 1995.

Lens mounts
Leica thread-mount lenses
Submandibular duct

The submandibular duct  (also Wharton's duct or historically submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary excretory ducts. It is about 5 cm long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular gland and sublingual gland to the sublingual caruncle in the floor of the mouth.

Structure 

The submandibular duct arises from deep part of submandibular gland, a salivary gland. It begins by numerous branches from the superficial surface of the gland, and runs forward between the mylohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus muscles. It then passes between the sublingual gland and the genioglossus and opens by a narrow opening on the summit of a small papilla (the "sublingual caruncle") at the side of the frenulum of the tongue. It lies superior to lingual and hypoglossal nerves.

Variation 
The submandibular duct may be duplicated on one side or both sides, creating an accessory submandibular duct. Rarely, it may not perforate into the mouth.

Function 
The submandibular ducts drain saliva from the submandibular gland, and the sublingual glands to the sublingual caruncles in the floor of the mouth

Clinical significance

Sialolithiasis 
The submandibular duct may be affected by stones, known as sialolithiasis. These may grow large, requiring surgery to remove. Simple palpation may be used to identify the location of any stones before surgery.

Imperforate 
Rarely, the submandibular duct may not perforate into the mouth. Surgery may be used to repair this birth defect.

Drooling 
The exit of the submandibular gland into the mouth may be realigned in patients who drool. This redirects the exiting saliva away from the vestibule and the lips. This surgery has a fairly high success rate. Rarely, the submandibular gland may need to be removed on one or both sides.

History 
The submandibular duct was initially described by the English anatomist Thomas Wharton ( 1614-73) and is sometimes referred to by his name.

References

External links 
 
 

Glands of mouth
Saliva
Music of Molise

While it is one of the smallest regions of Italy, the Music of Molise is active.

Musical venues and activities
The Teatro Savoia was built and opened in 1926 in Campobasso and then reopened in 2002. Campobasso has a friends of music association and, despite the region's small area, a symphony orchestra. The city is also the home of the Lorenzo Perosi music conservatory.

Isernia is known for its folk traditions and open-air festivals. The annual festival Mostra Mercato della Zampogna in Scapoli is held each July with exhibitions and markets for the zampogna, a folk version of bagpipes.

The Museum of the Zampogna in Scapoli has a permanent exhibit of local traditional as well as foreign instruments.

References

Further reading
Guide Cultura, i luoghi della music (2003) ed. Touring Club Italiano.

External links
 Concerts today in Molise
Campobasso music conservatory
 Bagpipe Museum
Molise Symphony Orchestra

Molise
Molise
Plants for a Future

Plants For A Future (PFAF) is an online not for profit resource for those interested in edible and useful plants, with a focus on temperate regions. Named after the phrase "plans for a future" as wordplay, the organization's emphasis is on perennial plants.

PFAF is a registered educational charity with the following objectives:

The website contains an online database of over 8000 plants: 7000 that can be grown in temperate regions including in the UK, and 1000 plants for tropical situations.

The database was originally set up by Ken Fern to include 1,500 plants which he had grown on his 28 acre research site in the South West of England.

Since 2008, the database  has been maintained by the database administrator employed by the Plants For A Future Charity.

The organization participates in public discussion by publishing books. Members have participated in various conferences and are also participants in the International Permaculture Research Project.

Publications
Fern, Ken. Plants for a Future: Edible and Useful Plants for a Healthier World. Hampshire: Permanent Publications, 1997. .
Edible Plants: An inspirational guide to choosing and growing unusual edible plants. 2012 
Woodland Gardening: Designing a low-maintenance, sustainable edible woodland garden. 2013. 
Edible Trees: A practical and inspirational guide from Plants For A Future on how to grow and harvest trees with edible and other useful produce. 2013. 
Plantes Comestibles: Le guide pour vous inspirer à choisir et cultiver des plantes comestibles hors du commun. 2014. 
Edible Perennials: 50 Top perennial plants from Plants For A Future. 2015.
Edible Shrubs: 70+ Top Shrubs from Plants For A Future 
Plants for Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens.  2021.

See also
 Forest gardening
 Postcode Plants Database

References

Further reading

External links

 

Online botany databases
Charities based in Devon
Vegan organic gardening
Permaculture organizations
Databases in England
Horticultural organisations based in the United Kingdom
Blackness

Blackness may refer to:

the property of being of black colour in general
Blackness (typography), the amount of ink on a page
Black studies, an interdisciplinary academic field, exploring the identity of blackness

Race
African-American culture, also known as black culture, in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture
 Black nationalism, advocates a racial definition (or redefinition) of national identity, as opposed to multiculturalism
 Black pride, a slogan indicating pride in being black. Related movements include black nationalism, Black Panther, and Afrocentrism
 Négritude, a literary and ideological movement, developed by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians in France in the 1930s by a group that included the future Senegalese President Léopold Sédar Senghor, Martinican poet Aimé Césaire, and the Guianan Léon Damas
 Black is beautiful, a cultural movement that began in the United States of America in the 1960s by African Americans
Among Indigenous Australians, a variation, Blackness, has emerged as a term and concept to refer to local issues of black identity that don't necessarily borrow from North American culture.
The Masque of Blackness, English masque of January 1605, featuring courtier actors disguised in the person of African rivers

Location
 Blackness Point, River Dart, Devon, United Kingdom
 Blackness, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Blackness, Falkirk, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Blackness Castle, a 15th-century fortress, near the village of Blackness, Scotland, on the south shore of the Firth of Forth
Music of Umbria

There are 70 community bands, 110 community choirs, and about 20 secondary music schools. The region is famous for its music festivals, including the Festival dei Due Mondi (Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto and the Umbria Jazz Festival.

Musical venues and activities
The city of Perugia has the Oreste Trotta Phonoteque, a collection of autographed recordings donated by many of the musicians who have performed in Perugia over the last 50 years. Perugia also hosts the autumnal Sagra Musicale Umbra, an annual music festival. Auditoriums include the Sala dei Notari, the Teatro della Sapienza, the Oratorio di Santa Cecilia and the Teatro Moriacchi. The town of Città di Castello, in the province, is the site of the Francesco Morlacchi music conservatory. Spoleto, is the home of the Two Worlds Festival. Other towns in the province—Foligno, Gubbio, Marsciano, Narni, Norcia, Panicale, Spello—all have theaters as venues for music. The town of Todi also sponsors a new annual music festival, TodiMusicFest. The Umbria Jazz Festival takes place at various sites throughout the region.

Since 1999 in Foligno there is a small concert hall, called "Feedback" (now closed), which every year brought from 50 to 100 live music events (most of them with free admittance). Many important artists had a gig, such as Fennesz, Verdena, Explosions in the Sky, Liars, and most of the Italian artists of the alternative scene.

Terni's original Teatro Verdi was destroyed in World War II but was rebuilt and reopened in 1948. It is the main "music place" in the province of Terni and hosts its own provincial jazz festival as well as symphony concerts and opera. It is also the site for the annual Casagrande International Piano Competition. Also, a Roman amphitheater, in Terni, is the site of outdoor concerts.

References

Guide Cultura, i luoghi della musica (2003) ed. Touring Club Italiano.

External links
Perugia music conservatory
 Umbria Jazz Festival
Festival of Two Worlds, Spoleto
Music Fest Perugia

Umbria
Umbria
Sympathetic trunk

The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. They are a major component of the sympathetic nervous system.

Structure
The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the vertebral bodies for the entire length of the vertebral column.  It interacts with the anterior rami of  spinal nerves by way of rami communicantes. The sympathetic trunk permits preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system to ascend to spinal levels superior to T1 and descend to spinal levels inferior to L2/3.
 
The superior end of it is continued upward through the carotid canal into the skull, and forms a plexus on the internal carotid artery; the inferior part travels in front of the coccyx, where it converges with the other trunk at a structure known as the ganglion impar.

Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are sympathetic ganglia known as paravertebral ganglia.

Relations 
In the cervical region, the sympathetic trunk is situated upon the prevertebral fascia posterior to the carotid sheath.

Function
The sympathetic trunk is a fundamental part of the sympathetic nervous system, and part of the autonomic nervous system.  It allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior and inferior to the one in which they originated.  Also, a number of nerves, such as most of the splanchnic nerves, arise directly from the trunks.

Additional images

See also
 Horner's syndrome

References

External links
  - "The position of the right and left vagus nerves, and sympathetic trunks in the mediastinum."
  - "The Female Pelvis: The Posterolateral Pelvic Wall"
  - "Autonomic Connections of the Spinal Cord"
 Diagram at umm.edu

Sympathetic nervous system
Cybertron Mission

Cybertron Mission is a multidirectional shooter released by Micro Power in 1983 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron and ported to the Commodore 64 in the same year. The game is heavily influenced by the 1982 Atari 8-bit family game Shamus, which was itself inspired by the 1980 arcade game Berzerk.

Gameplay
The player controls a man who has penetrated the electrified Cybertron Fortress, in order to retrieve the priceless treasures within: golden keys, rings and bars.

The player character has 8-directional movement, and may shoot in the direction he is facing. The objective of each level was to find all the listed treasure, and then touch the safe, located at a random position on the level. The amount of treasure required increased by one item every level, up to the maximum of six. Cybertron Mission had four maze-like levels, repeating the series every four levels, with palette shifts in order to make them appear different.

There are four enemy types. Spinners (appearing on all levels) move blindly towards the player, but cannot harm him even when touching, unless he walks into them. Clones (appearing from level 2 onwards) move pseudo-randomly, and shoot in the direction they were moving/facing. Cyberdroids (appearing from level 3 onwards) move in straight lines for a period. They change direction when they hit a wall, see the player, or after a certain period of time. They will fire towards the player. The fourth enemy type is Spook, the ghost of a previous entrant to the fortress. He appears if you spend too long on any one screen, moving towards you and ignoring walls. He cannot be destroyed, but may be paralysed if shot. Touching the electrified walls of the maze kills the player.

Cybertron Mission does not end, each level simply brings a greater number of enemies to fight, which fire more frequently and with greater accuracy.

Reception
Electron User (#1.07, April 1984) concluded, "It's exciting with plenty of variety, excellent graphics and interesting sound effects. You'll be a-mazed. And if you are anything like me, you won't be able to put your Electron down. A winner."

References

External links
Origin of the packaging artwork

1984 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 64 games
Maze games
Micro Power games
Single-player video games
Multidirectional shooters
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Music of Marche

The music of the Marche, a region of Italy, has been shaped by the fact that the entire region is a collection of small centers of population. There is no cultural giant to be found—no Florence or Naples—that might have shaped the cultural and musical expressions of the entire region. There is not a town in the region with more than 100,000 population, but there are 246 total towns, and they support no fewer than 113 theaters, a cultural building boom that started in the late 18th century.  Historically, the entire area was home to a great number of monasteries and abbeys in the Middle Ages, institutions that had choirs and were active in the musical lives of the inhabitants. That period is still obscure and is currently the subject of musicological research. In the modern age, the region has a vibrant musical life.

Musical venues and activities

Historically, the city of Ancona was known as a small center for music agencies, music printers and makers of stringed instrument. The main theater is the Teatro delle Muse ("Theater of the muses"), now reopened after reconstruction in the wake of a World War II bombing. It is the home of the Marche Philharmonic Orchestra. The town of Jesi has the Teatro Pergolesi and supports the Pergolesi Foundation, both named for this "favorite son" composer and one of the great names in the music of the 18th century in Italy.

Ascoli Piceno is the site of the historic Teatro Ventidio Basso whereas Fermo is home to Teatro dell'Aquila and a new music conservatory. The town of Fermo is home to the International Orchestra of Italy, a fine private orchestra with a 20-year history of concerts in Italy and abroad. Macerata is the site of the remarkable Arena Sferisterio. Flanked by neo-classical columns, it is an outdoor venue for music, or almost anything else, having been built in the 1820s as a sports field. The town of Civitanova Marche has the S. Giacomo Auditorium, which hosts an annual festival of contemporary music.

The town of Pesaro is the birthplace of Rossini, one of the giants of Italian music. As one might expect, many things are named for him, including the Teatro Rossini and the Rossini Conservatory. His birthplace is marked, as well, and the Rossini Foundation sponsors an annual festival dedicated to his music. The town of Urbino has the Teatro Sanzio, built in the 1840s, and the town of Fano has an important Jazz Festival each year.

References

Guide Cultura, i luoghi della musica (2003) ed. Touring Club Italiano.

External links
 Pesaro music conservatory
 Concerts today in Marche
Fondazione Pergolesi Spontini of Jesi
 International Orchestra of Italy
 Rossini Opera Festival
 Sferisterio Opera Festival
Concorso Internazionale di Interpretazione di Musica Contemporanea “Fernando Mencherini”

Marche
Culture in le Marche
1919 in Southern Rhodesia

The following lists events that happened during 1919 in the Colony of Southern Rhodesia.

Events
 The Privy Council of the United Kingdom rejects African or British South Africa Company rule of the Colony of Southern Rhodesia stating that it belongs to the crown.

Births
 8 April - Ian Douglas Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 1965–1979, is born in Selukwe (died 2007)

References 

 
Years of the 20th century in Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
1910s in Southern Rhodesia
Hamulus

A hamus or hamulus is a structure functioning as, or in the form of, hooks or hooklets.

Etymology
The terms are directly from Latin, in which hamus means "hook". The plural is hami.

Hamulus is the diminutive – hooklet or little hook. The plural is hamuli.

Adjectives are hamate and hamulate, as in "a hamulate wing-coupling", in which the wings of certain insects in flight are joined by hooking hamuli on one wing into folds on a matching wing. Hamulate can also mean "having hamuli". The terms hamose, hamular, hamous and hamiform also have been used to mean "hooked", or "hook-shaped". Terms such as hamate that do not indicate a diminutive usually refer particularly to a hook at the tip, whereas diminutive terms such as hamulose tend to imply that something is beset with small hooks.

Anatomy

In vertebrate anatomy, a hamulus is a small, hook-shaped portion of a bone, or possibly of other hard tissue.

In human anatomy, examples include:
 pterygoid hamulus
 hamulus of hamate bone
 lacrimal hamulus

Arthropoda

In arthropod morphology hamuli are hooklets, usually in the form of projections of the surface of the exoskeleton. Hami might be actual evaginations of the whole thickness of the exoskeleton. The best-known examples are probably the row of hamuli on the anterior edge of the metathoracic (rear) wings of Hymenoptera such as the honeybee. The hooks attach to a fold on the posterior edge of the mesothoracic (front) wings.

It is less widely realised that similar hamuli, though usually fewer, are used in wing coupling in the Sternorrhyncha, the suborder of aphids and scale insects. In the Sternorrhyncha such wing coupling occurs particularly in the males of some species. The rear wings of that suborder frequently are reduced or absent, and in many species the last vestige of the rear wing to persist is a futile little strap holding the hamuli, still hooking into the fold of the large front wings.

In those Springtails (Collembola) that have a functional furcula, the underside of the third abdominal segment bears a hooked structure, variously called the retinaculum or hamula. It holds the furcula ready for release in times of emergency.

The terms also are used in descriptive anatomy of some insect genitalia, such as hamuli in various Odonata and "hamus" for the hooked part of the uncus in male Lepidoptera.

Botany

In botany such words largely refer to hooked bristles such as the hooks on the rachilla of Uncinia, which attach the fruit to passing animals, or the similarly functioning hooks on Burdocks, well known as the alleged inspiration for Velcro.

References

Insect anatomy
Botany
Skeletal system
Kulwinder Dhillon

Kulwinder Dhillon (6 June 1975 – 19 March 2006) was an Indian Punjabi singer, who had the hit songs like "Kacherian Ch Mele Lagday" and "Boliyan".

Career
Kulwinder Dhillon started his career with his debut album Kacheriyan Ch Mele Lagde that had the hit song "Boliyan", which got a lot of airplay on the radio. In 2002, he released his album, Glassi Khadke; it was a hit and the popular song on this album was Mashooq. Dhillon made his career with his third album, College, in 2003. The most popular song on the album was "Kalli Kite Mil". Though this was not a fast-paced tune, the album was redone later for an international release and the song was converted to a hardcore Bhangra, fast-paced song.

"Kalli Kite Mil Kujh Kahengi Ta Nahi" made Dhillon widely popular. He later released Velli in 2005. The album was enjoyed internationally and nothing had to be changed to appeal to the international crowd. The album Velli is also believed to be his most successful album, which is believed to have sold over four hundred thousand copies worldwide. Most of the lyrics he sang for the albums were by Balvir Boparai, who is famous for his album Hostel. He also released another album, Jatt Driver Fauji, which contained some of his new and some popular tracks.

Death
He died in a road accident on the Phagwara-Banga road, near Behram village, on 19 March 2006. According to sources, the accident occurred when the Honda City by which Dhillon and his friend Baljinder Billa were travelling, went out of control and collided against a roadside tree.

Kulwinder Dhillon had just released an album titled Akhara. His other albums are "Gareeba Ne Ki Pyar Karna," "Teri Tasveer," "Viah De Vajey" and several Dharmik albums. He has left behind a wife Gurpreet Kaur and son Armaan Dhillon.

Discography
Teri Tasveer (1998)
Viah De Vajey
Kacheriyan Ch Mele Lagde (2001)
Glassi Khadke (2002)
Akhara (2002)
College (2003)
Velli (2005)
Glassy (The Triple Trencer 5000) (2011)

References

1975 births
2006 deaths
20th-century Indian singers
20th-century Indian male singers
21st-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian male singers
Bhangra (music) musicians
Indian male pop singers
Indian male singer-songwriters
Indian singer-songwriters
Punjabi-language singers
Road incident deaths in India
Singers from Punjab, India
Cuthbert Goes Digging

Cuthbert Goes Digging is a 1983 video game for the Dragon 32 home computer. Written by Steve Bak at Microdeal, the game features the hero Cuthbert, who also appears in Cuthbert Goes Walkabout and Cuthbert in the Mines. In the game, the player guides Cuthbert through levels of girders, avoiding 'moronians' fatal to the touch.

The gameplay is basically that of Space Panic: Cuthbert kills moronians by digging holes and causing them to fall down. On later levels, different-colored moronians are harder to kill and must be knocked through two platforms. Cuthbert also faces a time limit on each level, represented by the amount of oxygen remaining. Cuthbert's ability to dig holes can also be used to quickly drop to a lower platform without the use of a ladder.

References

External links 
 Cuthbert Goes Digging at Tandy Color Computer Games
 Cuthbert Goes Digging at MobyGames

1983 video games
Dragon 32 games
Platformers
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Microdeal games
William Averell (disambiguation)

William Averell (1556–1605) was an English pamphleteer.

William Averell may also refer to:
William D. Averell (1853–1928), conchologist and editor of The Nautilus
William W. Averell (1832–1900), Union general in the American Civil War

See also
William Averell Harriman (1891–1986), American politician, businessman, and diplomat
1922 in Southern Rhodesia

The following lists events that happened during 1922 in Southern Rhodesia.

Events

October
 27 October - Whites and only 60 of Southern Rhodesia's Africans vote at the  Southern Rhodesia government referendum and reject a union with South Africa

Births

Deaths

References 

 
Years of the 20th century in Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, 1922 In
CUTC

CUTC may refer to:

 Canterbury University Tramping Club, the Canterbury University tramping club based in Christchurch, New Zealand
 Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference
 Charles Urban Trading Company
 Copper(I)-thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC), a reagent used in organic chemistry
 CUTC (gene), a gene that encodes copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog
1923 in Southern Rhodesia

The following lists events that happened during 1923 in Southern Rhodesia.

Incumbents
 Prime Minister: Charles Coghlan

Events
 Abraham Twala forms the Rhodesian Bantu Voters' Association

September
 21 September - The British South Africa Company's rule is terminated. Southern Rhodesia becomes a full self-governing colony, effective from the 1 October.

Births

Deaths

References 

 
Years of the 20th century in Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, 1923 In
Postcode Plants Database

The Postcode Plants Database was a UK resource for identifying locally native plants and species based on postcode, hosted by the Natural History Museum in London.

This resource has been replaced by the analysis pages on the NBN Atlas website. There you can choose to display any groups of UK wildlife within a radius of any given post-code.

See also
 Plants for a Future – online plant database

References

Online botany databases
Natural history of the United Kingdom
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Databases in the United Kingdom
Biology websites
Flora of Great Britain
Mylohyoid nerve

The mylohyoid nerve (or nerve to mylohyoid) is a mixed nerve of the head. It is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. It provides motor innervation the mylohyoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It provides sensory innervation to part of the submental area, and sometimes also the mandibular (lower) molar teeth, requiring local anaesthesia for some oral procedures.

Structure

Origin 
The mylohyoid nerve is a mixed (motor-sensory) branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) that is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It arises just before it enters the mandibular foramen.

Course 
It pierces the sphenomandibular ligament. It descends in a groove on the deep surface of the ramus of the mandible. When it reaches the under surface of the mylohyoid muscle, it gives branches to the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Distribution

Motor 
The mylohyoid nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Sensory 
It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the centre of the submental area. It may also provide some sensory innervation to the mandibular (lower) molar teeth.

Clinical significance 
The mylohyoid nerve needs to be blocked during local anaesthesia of the mandibular (lower) teeth to prevent pain during oral procedures. It may not be anaesthetised during a block of the inferior alveolar nerve, causing pain.

Additional images

References

External links 
  - "Infratemporal Fossa: The Inferior Alveolar Nerve and the Vessels"
 
  ()
  ()

Nerves of the head and neck
Daisuke Higuchi

is a Japanese manga artist best known for her work on Whistle!. Often she is mistaken for a man, namely because Daisuke is a name usually attributed to men.

Her self-portrait in Whistle! took the form of a crow.

History

Born in Gunma prefecture, she was recognized in the world of manga by being honored at the 43rd Osamu Tezuka awards in 1992 with third prize. In the same year, she became the author of a romance/action story called Itaru. In 1998, she became known in Japan for her soccer manga Whistle! and was said to be influenced after she went to France to attend the 1998 World Cup tournament.

With the success of Whistle!, she went to personally direct the creation of the animated series. She currently lives in Tokyo.

Works

Manga
 1992 - Itaru - short story
 1992 - Singing Flame - short story
 1994 - X-Connection - short story
 1997 - Break Free! - short story
 1998~2002 - Whistle! - series of 24 books
 2001 - X-Connection 2001 - short story
 2004 - NOIZ - short story
 2005~2006 - Go Ahead - series of 4 books
 2008 - Seirei Gakusha Kidan Reikyou Kaden (精霊学者綺談 黎鏡花伝), serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Beans Ace - 2 vol.
 2009–present - Dokushi (ドクシ -読師-), serialized in Comic Birz - 3 vol.
 2012 - Sengoku Basara 3 - Kishin no Gotoku 
 2013 - Akashiya Ginga Shoutengai
 2016 - Whistle! W - sequel to Whistle! - 2 volumes ongoing

Anime
 2002 - Whistle! (As Original Creator)
 The short stories collection Break Free! includes a story starring characters from Whistle!  Two of the other stories are alternate versions of the one plot with the same characters.

References

External links
STELLA MIRA (Official Japanese Website of Daisuke Higuchi)

Manga artists from Gunma Prefecture
1966 births
Living people
Retropharyngeal space

The retropharyngeal space (abbreviated as "RPS") is a potential space and deep compartment of the head and neck situated posterior to the pharynx. The RPS is bounded anteriorly by the buccopharyngeal fascia, posteriorly by the alar fascia, and laterally by the carotid sheath. It extends between the base of the skull superiorly, and the mediastinum inferiorly. It contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Its function is to facilitate movements in the superoinferior axis of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus in relation to the cervical spine. 

Sources consider the retropharyngeal space to be in principle subdivided into the so-called "true retropharyngeal space" or "retropharyngeal space proper" (part of the RSP situated anterior to the alar fascia), and the danger space (part of the RSP situated posterior to the alar fascia). The danger space is sometimes also lumped together with the true RPS and the whole referred to as the RPS because the alar fascia is an ineffective barrier. Infections from the head and neck can spread down through the danger space into the posterior mediastinum.

Anatomy
Superiorly, the retropharingeal space terminates at the base of the skull (more specifically, at the clivus). Inferiorly, the true RPS terminates at a variable level along the upper thoracic spine with the fusion of alar fascia and visceral fascia; sources either give the inferior termination of the true RPS as occurring at approximately the vertebral level of T4 or at a variable level anywhere between the T1-T6. The danger space component of the RPS meanwhile extends further inferior-ward, entering the posterior mediastinum to reach the level of the diaphragm.

Contents 
The retropharnygeal space contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, adipose tissue, and loose connective tissue. The suprahyoid portion of the RPS contains the lymph nodes as well as adipose tissue, while the infrahyoid portion contains adipose tissue only.

A midline raphe is sometimes present in the RPS, subdividing it into a left half and a right half.

Anatomical relations 
Positions of adjacent anatomical structures in relation to the retropharyngeal space are as follows:
 Superior: Base of the skull
 Inferior: Posterior mediastinum
 Lateral: Carotid sheath
 Anterior: Buccopharyngeal fascia
 Posterior: Prevertebral fascia (alar fascia true RPS)

Clinical significance
A midline raphe may be present in this the RPS, making some infections appear unilateral. However without treatment infections can easily spread from one space to the adjacent space.

If more than half of the size of the C2 vertebra, it may indicate retropharyngeal abscess.

Additional images

See also 
Parapharyngeal space

References

External links 
 
 

Fascial spaces of the head and neck
Bitan

Bitan (), historically called Shi-Bitan (), is a tourist spot in Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan. "Bitan" literally means "green lake", referring to where the Xindian River widens to form the lake. There is a well-known suspension bridge that is used only by pedestrians. The bridge can be seen on the crest of Xindian. It is both famous and infamous for its hight and beauty. There are many restaurants, carnival activities, and pedal boats in the area.

Transportation
Bitan can easily be reached via Taipei's metro system. The lake is walking distance southwest of the Xindian Station (south terminal station of the green line).

See also
 New Taipei

References

Landforms of New Taipei
Tourist attractions in New Taipei
Udawalawe

Udawalawe (also known as Udawalawa) is a small town located in the southern part of the Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka. It is situated in close to the district's boundary with the Hambantota District and Monaragala District. 

The town is the main entry point into the Udawalawe National Park which is a major National Park in Sri Lanka which is renowned for its high population of wild Asian elephants. The Udawalawe National Park located approximately  away from Colombo, is the closest national park to Colombo.

The town is also notable, because of the Udawalawe Reservoir, which was created in 1969, following the construction of a  dam and a  hydro-electric plant on the Walawe river. The reservoir is the third largest reservoir in Sri Lanka.

See also
 Udawalawe National Park
 Udawalawe Dam

References

Populated places in Sabaragamuwa Province
One Prudential Plaza

One Prudential Plaza (formerly known as the Prudential Building) is a 41-story structure in Chicago completed in 1955 as the headquarters for Prudential's Mid-America company.  It was the first skyscraper built in Chicago since the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War. The plaza, including a second building erected in 1990, is owned by BentleyForbes and a consortium of New York investors, since the Great Recession of the early 21st century.

History of construction

The structure was significant as the first new downtown skyscraper constructed in Chicago since the Field Building, 21 years earlier and was built on air rights over the Illinois Central Railroad. It was the last building ever connected to the Chicago Tunnel Company's tunnel network. When the Prudential was finished it had the highest roof in Chicago with only the statue of Ceres on the Chicago Board of Trade higher.  Its mast served as a broadcasting antenna for Chicago's WGN-TV. The architect was Naess & Murphy, a precursor to C.F. Murphy & Associates and later Murphy/Jahn Architects.

Later purchase
In May 2006, BentleyForbes, a Los Angeles-based real estate investment firm run by Frederick Wehba and his family, purchased One Prudential Plaza, along with its sister property, Two Prudential Plaza for $470 million.

After a default on the mortgage encumbering the towers during the Great Recession of the early 21st century, New York-based investors 601W Companies and Berkley Properties took control of the towers after investing more than $100 million in equity to recapitalize.   BentleyForbes, the prior controlling owner of the towers, continues to have an interest in the owning partnership.

Tenants

 Hillrom Corporate Headquarters
 Society of Women Engineers — Global Headquarters, 35th Floor
 American Institute of Steel Construction
 Wilson Sporting Goods
 Marketing Werks
 Cision
 Conversion Alliance
 No Limit Agency
 Chicago Federation of Labor
 McGraw Hill (Education And Test Prep Editorial)
 Vanderbilt Office Properties
 Envisionit Agency
 S&P Global Ratings
 Bowman, Barrett & Associates Inc.
 OppLoans
 Hubbard Chicago
 Office Revoution
 Painters District Council 14
 Optiver
 American Marketing Association

See also
List of buildings and structures
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
List of tallest buildings in the United States
List of tallest buildings in the world
World's tallest structures

Position in Chicago's skyline

References

External links

The Real Deal

Emporis entry for One Prudential Plaza
Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP

Office buildings completed in 1955
Prudential Financial buildings
Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago
Insurance company headquarters in the United States
1955 establishments in Illinois
Cinemasonic

Cinemasonic is a live album by All About Eve.  It was released both as a CD and as a DVD and is a recording of the band's gig on 31 May 2002 at the Shepherd's Bush Empire.

Track listing (CD)
 "Let Me Go Home" (Andy Cousin, Julianne Regan) – 3:56
 "The Dreamer" (Cousin, Rod Price, Regan, Marty Willson-Piper) – 3:45
 "Somebody Said" (Rik Carter, Cousin, Regan) – 4:27
 "Blue Sonic Boy" (Tim McTighe, Regan) – 6:09
 "Daisychains" (Carter, Cousin, Regan) – 6:01
 "I Don't Know" (Cousin, Regan) – 4:25
 "Phased" (Cousin, Price, Regan, Willson-Piper) – 4:32
 "Ctrl-Alt-Delete" (Carter, Cousin, Regan) – 4:06
 "Sodium" (Cousin, Regan) – 4:43
 "Touched by Jesus" (Cousin, Price, Regan, Willson-Piper) – 10:16
 "Life on Mars?" (David Bowie) – 5:03

Track listing (DVD)

As well as a video recording of the concert, the DVD also contains a mini-feature called "Access all Areas", which is a fifteen-minute backstage look at the concert and the tour as a whole.

  "Let Me Go Home"
  "The Dreamer"
  "Flowers in Our Hair"
  "In the Clouds"
  "Somebody Said"
  "Blue Sonic Boy"
  "Daisychains"
  "I Don't Know"
  "Phased"
 "Ctrl-Alt-Delete"
 "Sodium"
 "Wishing the Hours Away"
 "Make it Bleed"
 "Outshine the Sun"
 "Every Angel"
 "Life on Mars?"
 "Our Summer"
 "Touched by Jesus"

Personnel 

Julianne Regan - vocals
Andy Cousin - bass guitar
Toni Haimi - lead guitar
Rik Carter - keyboards and guitars
Del Hood - drums

All About Eve (band) live albums
2003 live albums
2003 video albums
Live video albums
St Gregory's School

St Gregory's School may refer to:

 St Gregory's High School, a Catholic High School in Dhaka, Bangladesh
 St Gregory's Catholic School, Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England
 St Gregory's School in Northwood, England, a predecessor of the All Saints Catholic High School, Kirkby
 St Gregory's School in Lagos, Nigeria, founded in 1884 by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos
 St Gregory's School in Manhattan, New York, founded in 1913 by St. Gregory the Great Church (Manhattan)
 Saint Gregory's School in Loudonville, New York, a private boys elementary school in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany
 St Gregory's School in St. Nazianz, Wisconsin, founded in 1884 by St. Gregory's Church (St. Nazianz, Wisconsin)

See also
 St. Gregory's College (disambiguation)
 St. Gregory's Academy, Elmhurst, Pennsylvania, United States
1924 in Southern Rhodesia

The following lists events that happened during 1924 in the Colony of Southern Rhodesia.

Incumbents
 Prime Minister: Charles Coghlan

Events

April
 29 April - The Southern Rhodesia general election takes place and Charles Coghlan of the Rhodesia Party becomes the first Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia.

References 

 
Years of the 20th century in Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
1920s in Southern Rhodesia