alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Guz

A guz or the Mughal yard is a unit of length used in parts of Asia. Historically, it was a regionally variable measurement similar to the English yard both in size and in that it was often used for measuring textiles. Values of the guz ranged from  over time. Today, it is generally used in the Indian subcontinent as the word for a yard. A present day sari is still measured as 7 guz while a traditional one can be as long as 9 guz.

History
Use of the guz in India was first established during the Mughal Empire. The guz in Rajasthan at the end of the 17th century was quoted as being . By 1875, the average value of the guz in Bengal was , but was  in Madras and  in Bombay.

By the 20th century, the guz was uniformly quoted as being equal in length to one yard in the English system, or 0.91 metres in the metric system. But there are some different values still in use, like Bikaner has 1 guz/gaz = 2 ft officially recognized and in use.  

The guz is still commonly used in the Indian subcontinent.  It has become the standard word in Hindi and Urdu for "yard".

Name
The word guz (also spelled guzz, at the time) entered the Oxford English Dictionary in the late 19th century, having been originally submitted by the noted lexicographer William Chester Minor, originally as being equal to  in India (so that "5 guzz = 4 yards"). The word also is reputed to have given the Royal Navy base at HMNB Devonport, in Plymouth, the affectionate nickname of "Guzz", as sailors referring to the Dockyard, used to regularly abbreviate the word to simply "The Yard", leading to the slang use of the Hindi word for the unit of measurement of the same name.

Regional definitions

Arabia
In Arabia, it varied between .

Persia
In Persia, it was reported in the 1880s that 1 guz was  for cloth, but  for silk and carpet.

Nepal
In Nepal, 1 guz was  in the 20th century.

Southeast Asia
1 Malay gaz is around  or 83.82 centimetres.

References

Further reading 

Units of length
Customary units in India
Obsolete units of measurement
Irish McIlveen

Henry Cooke "Irish" McIlveen (July 27, 1880 – October 18, 1960), commonly nicknamed "Irish" because he was born in Belfast, was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1906 and the New York Highlanders in 1908–1909.

Early life
McIlveen was born in Belfast (today in Northern Ireland) on July 27, 1880, and was the son of John J McIlveen and his wife Jemima Lavery. His father was from Dromara in County Down, his mother was from Belfast and they had eleven children. The family emigrated from Ulster to America in the late 1880s and settled in the Pittsburgh area in Pennsylvania. McIlveen attended Penn State University.

Baseball career
On July 10, 1906, McIlveen made his big league debut. He would end up hitting for a .215 batting average in 53 games over a three-year career. McIlveen did not play in the Majors in 1907. In 1906, McIlveen pitched in two games for an ERA of 7.71. In the field, he made four errors for a .951 career fielding percentage. McIlveen played his final game on May 9, 1909.

He was 5 feet, 11.5 inches tall and 180 pounds in weight. He also threw and batted left-handed.

Death
McIlveen died on October 18, 1960, in Lorain, Ohio, aged 80. His body is buried at Ridge Hill Memorial Park in Lorain.

Sources

1880 births
1960 deaths
Irish emigrants to the United States
Major League Baseball players from Ireland
Irish baseball players
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Penn State Nittany Lions baseball players
Sportspeople from Belfast
Baseball players from Pittsburgh 
Sportspeople from Lorain, Ohio
Pittsburgh Pirates players
New York Highlanders players
Major League Baseball right fielders
Steubenville Stubs players
Newark Indians players
Gangland (album)

Gangland is the twenty-first studio album by the band Kool & the Gang, released in 2001 following a five-year gap between albums. The album was a compilation of rappers backed by Kool and the Gang remaking some of the band's songs.

Critical reception 
With a 2.5 out of 4 star rating, Steve Jones of USA Today wrote "Years before Kool rode vocalist James 'J.T.' Taylor's voice to pop success with songs such as Celebration, Cherish and Fresh, they were Hollywood-swinging with such street-oriented anthems as Jungle Boogie and Let the Music Take Your Mind. It's a freshened-up version of the latter funk-fueled jams that propel this new, hard-grooving set. The fusion of rap, jazz and R&B finds the band -- led by founding brothers Robert "Kool" Bell on bass and saxophonist Khalis Bayyan (Ronald Bell) -- joining an engaging pool of young talents."

Track listing

Personnel

Robert "Kool" Bell - Bass guitar
Khalis Bayyan - Tenor sax, background vocals
Curtis Williams - Keyboards
George "Funky" Brown - Drums, background vocals
Dennis "D.T." Thomas - Alto Sax, background vocals
Charles Edward Smith - Guitar
Rick Iantosca - Guitar, keyboards
Jimmy Macon - Guitar
Clifford Adams - Trombone
Larry Gittens - Trumpet
Skip Martin - Trumpet

Devon - Performer
G'Poetic - Performer
Female - Performer
FM - Performer
The Juice - Performer
The Nep-Tunes - Performer
Nova Banda - Performer
R.O.C. - Performer
Rachid - Performer
Reign - Performer
Thunder - Performer
Shawn McQuiller - Background vocals
Felicia Moss - Background vocals
Carla - Background vocals
Kian Smith - Background vocals

Production
Don Tittle - Engineer
Kendal Stubbs - Mixing
Duncan Stanbury - Mastering
Khalis Bayyan - Mixing, Producer
Bill Irving - Programming, Mixing, Producer
Hakim Bell - Programming, Mixing, Producer
George "Funky" Brown - Programming, Producer
Rick Iantosca - Producer
Kool & the Gang - Executive Producer
Ronnie Wright - Photography

References

Kool & the Gang albums
2001 albums
Jacob Schueler

Jacob Schueler (November 20, 1835 - April 15, 1918) was a German-American businessman and confectionary owner, best known for co-founding the Golden Brewery, today known as Coors Brewing Company in 1873.

Early life and education 
Jacob Schueler was born Jakob Schüler on November 20, 1835 in Kiedrich, Hesse, Prussia to Peter and Maria Anna (née Roos) Schüler. He was raised in a Catholic family and emigrated to America aged 15 in 1850 with the trade of baker.

Career 

He arrived in Denver, Colorado as one of the Pikes Peakers in 1861.  He soon went to serve in the American Civil War and returned. In 1862, he partnered with Adolph Schinner, a fellow German immigrant, establishing one of Denver's oldest confectionary/bakery. He continued to run this business until 1875. 

In 1873, he teamed with fellow German immigrant Adolph Coors, investing $18,000 to Coors $2000, to start the Golden Brewery (initially operating as Schueler & Coors), now known as Coors Brewery, at Golden, Colorado. In 1880, Coors had made enough money to repay his partner's interest, and Schueler sold out to him.  In 1889, Schueler went into business with Morris Stackder in Aspen, building the Schueler-Stackder Concentrating mill.  In 1897, Schueler became famous for Rocky Mountain spring water in his own right, running the Ute Chief Mineral Springs bottling works at Manitou Springs, Colorado by the early 20th Century. After a great fire that burnt the bottling plant, the business was never the same. He continued to work for this company until his death.

Family

Schueler married Stephanie Fannie Vinot (1845-1926), who was born in Villafans in the Franche-Comté region of France, and emigrated to the US with her parents as a child, in 1867. They had five children;

 Augustine (1870 - February 10, 1951)
 Rudolph (1872 - December 26, 1952)
 William (1875 - June 23, 1959) 
 Frederick Fred (1886 - August 1960) 

Jacob Schueler died in Colorado Springs in 1918, and is buried at Denver's Riverside Cemetery. Most of the Schueler family was laid to rest in a Denver cemetery, however Fred is buried with his wife Else (Wright) Schueler in Colorado Springs. There is only one descendant from the family, David Haskin (b. 1949), who resides in Denver, Colorado and is the Chief of Rampart Research & Rescue in Adams County, Colorado.

Literature 

 Janet Jewell; Returned From Oblivion - The Story of Jacob Schueler; 2013

See also
 Manitou Mineral Springs

References

1835 births
Emigrants from the German Confederation to the United States
Businesspeople from Denver
1918 deaths
People from Manitou Springs, Colorado
19th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Riverside Cemetery (Denver, Colorado)
Richard Casey

Richard Casey may refer to:

Richard Casey, Baron Casey (1890–1976), Australian governor-general, politician, and diplomat
Richard C. Casey (1933–2007), U.S. district judge for the Southern District of New York
Richard Casey (Queensland politician), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Dick Casey, Australian rules footballer
Rubiataba

Rubiataba is a municipality in northeastern Goiás state, Brazil.

Location and Geography

Rubiataba is located in the north of the state, south of the source of the Crixás River.  It is ~220 kilometres to the state capital of Goiânia.  Other distances are:  
Nova América: 21 km. to the north
Morro Agudo de Goiás: 41 km. to the southwest
Carmo do Rio Verde: 28 km. to the south
Nova Gloria: 24 km. to the east

Neighboring municipalities are:
north:  Nova América and Itapuranga
south:  Morro Agudo de Goiás and São Patrício
east:  Ceres
west:  Araguapaz
Access from Goiânia:  GO-080 / Nerópolis / São Francisco de Goiás / BR-153 / Jaraguá / Rianápolis / Rialma / GO-434 / Nova Glória.  See Seplan for all the distances.

It is a municipality that was planned by the government and is one of the few settlements in the state that was already declared a city in the beginning of its existence.  A curious fact is that the streets of the town have names of fruit trees.  The climate is mild with an average temperature of 25 °C.  The most important rivers are the São Patrício and the Rio Novo.

The municipality included the municipal seat together with the district of Waldelândia, the "povoado" of Cruzeiro, and the "aglomerados" of Bragolândia, Goiataba and Santa Luzia

The Economy

Cattle raising is important with a big production of milk and dairy products.  There were 768 farms in 2006 with a total area of 49,428 hectares.  Pasture land occupied 36,000 hectares.  The size of the cattle herd was 75,000 in 2007.   There are plantations of rice, beans, manioc, sugarcane (6,800 ha. and a production of 476,000 tons in 2007), and corn.

There are several brickworks and lumber mills.  The number of small furniture factories give the town the name "furniture capital" of the state.  There is also a large distillery producing alcohol for fuel from the abundant sugarcane plantations.  There were 03 bank branches in 2007:  Banco do Brasil S.A., BRADESCO S.A., and Banco Itaú S.A.

History

Rubiataba began in 1949 when the government of Getúlio Vargas decided to create an agricultural center in the region.  The place had a good climate, with abundance of water and fertile soils.  The first idea was to plant coffee.  The name, ""Rubiataba" is a hybrid of "rubia", from rubiacea, and "taba", which means village.  Seventy square kilometres were set aside for the future town, which was the first rural planned town in the country.  It became a municipality in 1953.

Health and Education

In 2006 there were 26 schools and 2 hospitals with 57 beds. 
Literacy rate in 2000:  86.7
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 25.48 deaths for every 1,000 live births
Municipal Human Development Index:  0.748
State ranking:  82 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking:  1,947 (out of 5,507 municipalities)

See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás

References

Frigoletto
 Sepin

Municipalities in Goiás
Richard Schaal

Richard Schaal (; May 5, 1928 – November 4, 2014) was an American film and television actor born in Chicago, Illinois.

Career
In 1962, Schaal joined Chicago's famed Second City, becoming skilled in sketch and improvisational comedy. He was featured in a number of episodes of the 1970s sitcoms The Mary Tyler Moore Show (where he played no fewer than four different characters: Howard Arnell, his brother Paul, Chuckles the Clown and Dino), The Bob Newhart Show (as three characters: Don Fezler, Don Livingston and Chuck Brock), Rhoda (as Charlie Burke) and Phyllis (23 episodes as Leo Heatherton). His earliest appearance with Mary Tyler Moore was in the 1966 Dick Van Dyke Show episode "Dear Sally Rogers" (billed as Dick Schaal). In both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rhoda, the actor played alongside his then-wife, actress Valerie Harper. In 1983, he had a recurring role in Just Our Luck.

Personal life
Schaal was born on May 5, 1928, in Chicago, the son of Victor Cornelius Schaal, a machinist, and Margaret Schaal (née Margaret Semple Waddell), a telephone operator.

Schaal was married three times, first to Lois Treacy, second to actress Valerie Harper, and third to Tasha Brittain. With Treacy, he had one child, American actress Wendy Schaal.

Schaal died November 4, 2014, in the Woodland Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California at age 86. No cause of death was provided. He was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles.

Partial filmography

Films

Television

References

External links
 
 
 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Male actors from Chicago
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
American people of Dutch descent
Galilee (church architecture)

A galilee is a chapel or porch at the west end of some churches where penitents waited before admission to the body of the church. It was also where clergy received women who had business with them.

The first reference to this type of narthex is most likely found in the consuetudines cluniacensis of Ulrich, or the consuetudines cenobii cluniacensis of Bernard of Cluny, (See De processione dominicali).  Since the definition of this type of narthex is ambiguous, this ecclesiastical structure can not be uniquely attributed to Cluny with certainty.

Examples of galilees remain at Durham Cathedral, Ely Cathedral, and Lincoln Cathedral.  Ruined versions can be seen at Glastonbury Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey.

An episode from season 17 of British archaeological television series Time Team found possible evidence of the remains of a galilee at Westminster Abbey.

Church architecture

de:Narthex#Galiläa
Haglöfs

Haglöfs AB is an outdoor equipment brand founded in 1914 in Sweden by Wiktor Haglöf.

Business 
Haglöfs is sold in 21 markets via: Wholesale (direct accounts as well as through distributors), has e-commerce in 12 countries, and runs 12 own stores.

Haglöfs has been a wholly owned subsidiary of ASICS Corporation since 2010. ASICS Corporation is headquartered in Kobe, Japan and is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Haglöfs operates through subsidiaries in Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom, while ASICS Corporation manages Haglöfs' operations in Japan.

Haglöfs designs, develops and markets clothing, shoes and hardware for outdoor use from its head office in Alvik, Stockholm, Sweden. Haglöfs does not own any factories, but collaborates with a network of over 80 material suppliers and manufacturers of clothing, shoes and hardware in 17 countries. The majority of Haglöfs' products are sent to their warehouse in Avesta, Sweden, from where they are distributed to various sales channels.

Haglöfs is currently sold in 21 markets via retailers and distributors, has e-commerce in 12 countries and 12 own stores. In 2020, the company sold products for SEK 724.5 million and had 234 employees worldwide, of which 165 in Sweden.

References

External links
 

Asics
Clothing companies of Sweden
Sportswear brands
Outdoor clothing brands
Clothing companies established in 1914
Swedish brands
Dalarna County
Swedish companies established in 1914
Heritage Plaza

Heritage Plaza is a postmodern skyscraper located in the Skyline District of downtown Houston, Texas. Standing at , the tower is the 5th-tallest building in Houston, the 8th-tallest in Texas, and the 60th-tallest in the United States. The building, designed by Houston-based M. Nasr & Partners P.C., was completed in 1987, and has 53 floors.

History
Heritage Plaza completed construction in early 1987. It was the last major office building completed in downtown Houston in the midst of the collapse of the Texas real estate, banking, and oil industries in the 1980s. The building stood as the most recently completed major skyscraper in Houston for nearly 15 years, until the completion of 1500 Louisiana Street in 2002.

The building has  of leaseable space, of which a vast majority sat vacant until Texaco leased  in 1989. The building went on to serve as the US  headquarters of Texaco for 12 years. In 2001, Heritage Plaza became the US headquarters of the ChevronTexaco corporation.

In 2005, Goddard Investment Group acquired the building. During that year, over  in the building was unoccupied. In 2006, EOG Resources announced that it will move from 3 Allen Center to Heritage Plaza. The firm had signed a 15-year lease for  and planned to move around 400 employees. The firm, scheduled to move in early 2007, became the largest tenant in the building at the time.

In early 2007, Deloitte & Touche USA L.L.P. executed a lease to occupy  as part of a 12-year, 10-floor lease with options to increase that space, if needed. The new lease consolidated staff from three Houston sites to one downtown location, making Deloitte the largest tenant in Heritage Plaza.

Design

Heritage Plaza is well known because of its central location in the central business district skyline, and for the stepped granite feature located on the top of the building that resembles a Mayan pyramid. This feature was inspired by the architect's visit to the Mexican Yucatán Peninsula. The crown of the building is also said to resemble an image of a bald eagle spreading its wings.

The interior lobby of Heritage Plaza was also designed with Mexican influences. The lower levels of the building, which contain a large food court, contain a distinctive multi-level marble waterfall that falls from the lobby.

Heritage Plaza is one of the few skyscrapers in downtown Houston that is not directly connected to the extensive Houston tunnel network. It is, however, connected to the DoubleTree Hotel Houston-Allen Center through a skyway.

See also

List of tallest buildings in Houston
List of tallest buildings in Texas
List of tallest buildings in the United States

References

External links

Official site

Skyscraper office buildings in Houston
Office buildings completed in 1987
Oil company headquarters in the United States
Chevron Corporation
Buildings and structures in Houston
Postmodern architecture in Texas
Alard–Baron Knoop Stradivarius

The Alard–Baron Knoop Stradivarius of 1715 is an antique violin made by luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona (1644–1737). It was made during Stradivari's golden period and is regarded as the "finest of the fine," and nec plus ultra by the W.E. Hill & Sons. The Alard has the original neck with the initials "PS" found in the mortise of the head believed to be those of son, Paolo Stradivari. The Hill brothers conclude this violin is one of the instruments that came into Paolo's possession upon the death of his brother Francesco in 1742.

The Alard Stradivarius receives its name from French violinist Jean-Delphin Alard, its most famed owner. Upon the publication of the Hill brothers' work on Stradivari in 1902, The Alard was in the possession of Baron Knoop (1846–1918). The instrument sold at auction in 1981 to a collector in Singapore for US$1.2 million.

In the 19th century leading French violin maker Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume made a close copy of the Alard, which today is played by American virtuoso Hilary Hahn.

See also
List of Stradivarius instruments
Stradivarius

External links
 

1715 musical instruments
Stradivari violins
Stradivari instruments
SM4 (cipher)

ShāngMì 4 (SM4, 商密4) (formerly SMS4) is a block cipher used in the Chinese National Standard for Wireless LAN WAPI (WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure) and also used with Transport Layer Security.

SM4 was a cipher proposed to for the IEEE 802.11i standard, but has so far been rejected. One of the reasons for the rejection has been opposition to the WAPI fast-track proposal by the IEEE.

SM4 was published as  in 2021.

The SM4 algorithm was drafted by Data Assurance & Communication Security Center, CAS, and Commercial Cryptography Testing Center, National Cryptography Administration. It is mainly developed by Lü Shuwang (). The algorithm was declassified in January, 2006, and it became a national standard (GB/T 32907-2016) in August 2016.

Cipher detail
The SM4 cipher has a key size and a block size of 128 bits each. Encryption or decryption of one block of data is composed of 32 rounds. A non-linear key schedule is used to produce the round keys and the decryption uses the same round keys as for encryption, except that they are in reversed order.

Keys and key parameters
The length of encryption keys is 128 bits, represented as , in which  is a 32-bit word. The round keys are represented by , where each  is a word. It is generated by the encryption key and the following parameters:

 
 

 and  are words, used to generate the round keys.

Round
Each round are computed from the four previous round outputs  such that:

Where  is a substitution function composed of  a non-linear transform, the S-box and linear transform

S-box
S-box is fixed for 8-bit input and 8-bit output, noted as Sbox(). As with AES, the S-box is based on the multiplicative inverse over . The affine transforms and polynomial bases are different from that of AES, but due to affine isomorphism it can be calculated efficiently given an AES Rijndael S-box.

Remark
On March 21, 2012, the Chinese government published the industrial standard "GM/T 0002-2012 SM4 Block Cipher Algorithm", officially renaming SMS4 to SM4.

A description of SM4 in English is available as an Internet Draft. It contains a reference implementation in ANSI C.

SM4 is part of the ARMv8.4-A expansion to the ARM architecture.

SM4 support for the RISC-V architecture was ratified in 2021 as the Zksed extension.

References

External links
 Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced SMS4 Block Cipher
 Example of SMS4 implemented as a Spreadsheet
 Page of Lu Shu-wang (吕述望) (in Chinese)
 The GmSSL Project  (OpenSSL fork with GuoMi algorithms)
  (ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010/Amd 1:2021 Information technology — Security techniques — Encryption algorithms — Part 3: Block ciphers — Amendment 1: SM4 )

Block ciphers
Standards of the People's Republic of China
Scintilla (software)

Scintilla is a free, open source library that provides a text editing component function, with an emphasis on advanced features for source code editing.

Features
Scintilla supports many features to make code editing easier in addition to syntax highlighting. The highlighting method allows the use of different fonts, colors, styles and background colors, and is not limited to fixed-width fonts. The control supports error indicators, line numbering in the margin, as well as line markers such as code breakpoints. Other features such as code folding and autocompletion can be added. The basic regular expression search implementation is rudimentary, but if compiled with C++11 support Scintilla can support the runtime's regular expression engine. Scintilla's regular expression library can also be replaced or avoided with direct buffer access.  

Currently, Scintilla has experimental support for right-to-left languages. 

Scinterm is a version of Scintilla for the curses text user interface. It is written by the developer of the Textadept editor. Scinterm uses Unicode characters to support some of Scintilla's graphically oriented features, but some Scintilla features are missing because of the terminal environment's constraints.

Other versions
 ScintillaNET – a wrapper for use on the .NET Framework
 QScintilla – Qt port of Scintilla
 wxScintilla – wxWidgets wrapper for Scintilla
 wxStyledTextCtrl – class acting as a wrapper for Scintilla in the wxWidgets toolkit
 CsScintilla – CopperSpice port of Scintilla
 Delphi wrappers:
 TScintEdit – part of Inno Setup
 TDScintilla – simple wrapper for all methods of Scintilla
 TScintilla – one of the components in the Delphi Scintilla Interface Components (as of 2009-09-02, this project is no longer under active development)

Software based on Scintilla
Notable software based on Scintilla includes:

References

External links

Free computer libraries
 
Software that uses GTK
Geochelone

Geochelone is a genus of tortoises.

Geochelone tortoises, which are also known as typical tortoises or terrestrial turtles, can be found in southern Asia. They primarily eat plants.

Species
The genus consists of two extant species:

A number of tortoise species have been recently removed from the genus. This taxon as formerly defined was "polyphyletic, representing at least five independent clades". Tortoises removed include members of Aldabrachelys (from the Seychelles and Madagascar), Astrochelys (Madagascar), Chelonoidis (South America and the Galápagos Islands), Stigmochelys and Centrochelys (Africa), and the extinct Megalochelys (southern Asia).
These species are also unique for their ability to remember patterns and spatial pathways. Similar to mammals, these tortoises can remember directions and pathways by remembering the correct pathways in their long-term memory.

Fossils
  Geochelone burchardi Tenerife giant tortoise
  Geochelone vulcanica Gran Canaria giant tortoise
  Geochelone robusta Malta giant tortoise

"Self-righting" shell

The form of the shell of the Indian star tortoise resembles a gömböc, allowing it to turn over when lying upside down very easily.

References

Geochelone Report in Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved January 12, 2008.

External links
 
 Care tips

 
Turtle genera
Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
Extant Miocene first appearances
Nantlle Ridge

The Nantlle Ridge () is the name given to a small range of mountains in Snowdonia, north Wales which runs south-west from the village of Rhyd Ddu for a distance of about , ending above Nebo in the Nantlle Valley.

The Nantlle Ridge offers excellent hill walking with fewer crowds than on the more popular parts of Snowdonia. It can be started from either end, but the Rhyd Ddu end tends to be the more popular. There are no great technical difficulties, although a little scrambling may be required on some parts of the ridge.

Summits
Starting from the Rhyd Ddu end, the Nantlle Ridge is composed of the following peaks (see hill lists in the British Isles for an explanation of the terms "Nuttall", "Hewitt" and "Marilyn"):
 Y Garn (); ) — sub-Hewitt, Nuttall
 Mynydd Drws-y-Coed (); ) — Hewitt, Nuttall
 Trum y Ddysgl (); ) — Marilyn, Hewitt, Nuttall
 Mynydd Tal-y-Mignedd (); ) — Hewitt, Nuttall
 Craig Cwm Silyn (); ) — Marilyn, Hewitt, Nuttall
 Garnedd Goch (); ) — sub-Hewitt, Nuttall
 Mynydd Graig Goch (); )— Hewitt, Nuttall

Craig Cwm Silyn is the highest point on the ridge, and can be reached by following the minor road running from Llanllyfni towards Llynnau Cwm Silyn, or as part of a traverse of the Nantlle Ridge from Rhyd Ddu. The crag of Craig yr Ogof is popular with rock climbers.

References 
Terry Marsh (1993) The summits of Snowdonia (Robert Hale)

External links
 Nantlle Ridge Walk on Mud and Routes
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of the Nantlle Ridge and surrounding area

Betws Garmon
Clynnog
Dolbenmaen
Llanllyfni
Mountains and hills of Gwynedd
Mountains and hills of Snowdonia
3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition

The Third Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1957–59) was led by Yevgeny Tolstikov on the continent and included Czech future astronomer Antonín Mrkos; the marine expedition on the Ob was led by I V Maksimov.

Two diesel-electric ships were used to transport the expedition. RV Ob (flagship; captain ) and Kooperatsiya (captain A S Yantselevich), used mainly as a transport vessel. The ships arrived in Antarctica in November – December 1957. Together with the ships crews the expedition consisted of 445 men, of whom 183 were scheduled for wintering.

The tasks of the expedition were:

 Relief of the 1956–1958 continental expedition and continuation of the IGY programme
 Organisation of the Sovetskaya station at the pole of relative inaccessibility
 Continuation of tractor-sledge traverses in central Antarctica
 Oceanographic work on the Ob in the southern oceans, and cartography of the coast from Mirny to the Bellingshausen sea

The programme included 6 stations: (Mirny; Vostok; Sovetskaya; Oasis; Pionerskaya and Komsomol'skaya).

The first tractor-train to the interior left on 26 December, with 32 men. On 2 January 1958 the train arrived at Pionerskaya, and left again on the 8th. On the 17th they reached Komsomol'skaya; conditions of travel were difficult. A portion of the train (7 tractors and sledges) left on the 20th to relieve Vostok, arriving on the 27th, and delivering over 100 tons of cargo. On the 28th the train left for Komsomol'skaya, arriving on the 31st. On 3 February the train, with 27 men, left to found Sovetskaya; they reached 78° 24′ S, 87° 35′ E on the 10th, at an altitude of 3570 m. The station was rapidly constructed, and the train left on the 18th, returning to Mirny on 4 March, having completed a round trip of .

After spending the Antarctic winter at Mirny, the Expedition undertook a second set of tractor traverses starting in September 1958. One team reached the pole of inaccessibility and established The Pole of Inaccessibility station there on 14 December.

Landscape features discovered 
 Gamburtsev Mountain Range
 Golitsyn Mountains
 Schmidt plain

3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition in literature 

Estonian writer Juhan Smuul took part of the expedition as a Soviet journalist and described the interesting details in his 1960  book "Antarctica Ahoy!: The Ice Book" ("Jäine raamat" in Estonian).

References 

 (translated from the Russian by the Israel program for scientific translations, Jerusalem, 1966 for the National Science Foundation).

 03
Antarctic Expedition 03
Antarctic Expedition 03
Antarctic Expedition 03
1957 in Antarctica
1958 in Antarctica
1959 in Antarctica
Manchester North East (UK Parliament constituency)

Manchester North East was one of several Parliamentary constituencies created in 1885 from the former Manchester constituency.  It was abolished in 1918.

C. P. Scott, the editor and then part-owner of the Manchester Guardian stood unsuccessfully in 1886, 1891 and 1892.  John Robert Clynes (1906–1918) later became leader of the Labour Party.

Members of Parliament

Election results

Elections in the 1880s

Elections in the 1890s

 Caused by Ferguson's appointment as Postmaster General

Elections in the 1900s

Elections in the 1910s

References

Sources 
Election Results:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060520143104/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/elections/archive/gen1900.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20060520143047/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/elections/archive/gen1945.htm
Vaudrey:
http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/bookbrowse.php?page=47&book=F920.04273T1&size=292x400

North East
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1918
Grigoris Arnaoutoglou

Grigoris Arnaoutoglou (; born December 17, 1973) is a well-known Greek television host. He is known for hosting morning daily entertaining show, Omorfos Kosmos To Proi as well as Sunday show Pio Poli Tin Kiriaki on Mega Channel. Today he is hosting The 2night Show, a talk show Ekatomyriouhos, on ANT1 .

Career
Arnaoutoglou started his television career in Thessaloniki, where he was for almost a decade the basic host in many local television projects and shows. He became famous through his weekly television programme in Mega Channel, in the end of the 1990s. Its name was Omorfos Kosmos. On this show, Arnaoutoglou was filming his travelling in the Greek mainland and islands and talking to people on the street.

Filmography

Television

Books 
 Makigiarismenoi Fovoi (),  January 2012,

References 

Greek television presenters
1973 births
Living people
Mass media people from Munich
Danny Musser

William Daniel Musser (September 5, 1905 – March 2, 2000) was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played for the Washington Senators in 1932. He played in only one game in his entire career, collecting one hit in two at-bats.

Musser, who was born in Zion, Pennsylvania, played his only game on September 18, 1932, at the age of 27. As a 5'9½", 160-pound athlete who threw right-handed but batted left-handed, Musser didn't get the chance to make a play in the field.

On March 2, 2000, Musser died in Upper Sandusky, Ohio, at the age of 94. He was one of the oldest players to die in 2000, behind only Lou Polli (who was 99) and Clyde Sukeforth (who was 98).

References

Major League Baseball third basemen
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Penn State Nittany Lions baseball players
1905 births
2000 deaths
People from Centre County, Pennsylvania
Albany Senators players
Goldsboro Goldbugs players
Harrisburg Senators players
Richmond Colts players
York White Roses players
Youngstown Buckeyes players
Girl of the Uchter Moor

The Girl of the Uchter Moor, also known as Moora, is the name given to a female Iron Age bog body discovered in 2000 in marshland near Uchte, Germany. The remains include vertebrae, hair and skull pieces. The studies of the body began in 2005. The radiocarbon dating performed at the University of Kiel showed that Moora had died between 764 and 515 BCE. Despite common Iron Age burial practices, the body was not cremated. All of the body parts are estimated to have been found except for one scapula. 

Before DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating, the body was initially believed to be that of a sixteen-year-old girl, Elke Kerll, who had disappeared in 1969 after going to a dance club.

Analysis
Moora was determined to be between 17 and 19 years old at the time of her death. She was left-handed. The analysis of Moora's skeleton revealed she had likely experienced intense physical labour in her lifetime, likely repeatedly carrying heavy loads such as water jugs, while roaming through the marshland. According to Saring Dennis from the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Moora had sustained at least two partial skull fractures in her lifetime, both of which had gradually healed in time. Moora had also suffered long periods of sickness associated with the hardships of long winters. The bone growth lines revealed that, during her childhood and adolescence, Moora suffered from chronic malnutrition. Moora was also diagnosed to have a benign tumor at the base of her skull, which led to the spine curvature and chronic inflammation in the leg bones. However, Moora's cause of death is unknown. It was only determined that Moora was naked at the time she was deposited into the bog.

Facial reconstructions
Moora's face has been reconstructed a number of times. The two that were created in the traditional way were built by molding material over a plastic replica of the skull. The artist had to estimate the shape of the girl's lips, hair color and skin tones, similar to the process of the Yde Girl.

References

External links

Computer-aided reconstruction of the bog body "Moora"

2000 archaeological discoveries
1st-millennium BC births
5th-century BC deaths
1st-millennium BC deaths
1st-millennium BC women
Archaeology of Lower Saxony
Bog bodies
Iron Age Germany
Gymnastics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

The gymnastics competition at the 2006 Commonwealth Games took place from March 16–26 in Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne.

Medal table by country

Artistic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics

Results

Men's artistic gymnastics

Team competition

All-around

Floor exercise

Pommel horse

Still rings

Vault

Parallel bars

High bar

Women's artistic gymnastics

Team competition

All-around

Vault

Uneven bars

Balance beam

Floor exercise

Rhythmic gymnastics

Team competition

All-around

Rope

Ball

Clubs

Ribbon

References

External links
 
 

2006 Commonwealth Games events

2006
Commonwealth Games
International gymnastics competitions hosted by Australia
Otto von Bressensdorf

Ottone Eugeno Camelio Bresselau, who claimed to be Otto von Bressensdorf, was a German-born fraudster in United States. The family name of the Austrian noble von Bressendorfs is Bresselau, Otto is a nickname for Ottone.

In the 1980s, Baron Otto von Bressendorf created an investment house that he named Lyons Capital. Lyons Capital attracted entrepreneurs who were looking for capital to start a business or expand their existing business. The company required a finder's fee of $10,000 - 30,000 and claimed a 70% success rate.

In fact, according to later FBI indictment, none of the customers received any financing. The company earned about $1 million a year. The Bressendorfs used the money to furnish their house. Some of the businesses went bankrupt and unsuccessfully sued Lyons Capital.

In 1993, the Bressendorfs moved to Richmond, Virginia and moved their business there. They also joined the local high society.

On January 21, 1998, the FBI indicted them for 209 counts of fraud, wire fraud and money laundering. At the time, even the citizenship of his wife was in doubt. In October of that same year, von Bressensdorf and his wife were sentenced to 11 years and 3 months in prison.

References

American money launderers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
German fraudsters
German money launderers
German emigrants to the United States
American people convicted of fraud
Race for Life

Race for Life is a series of fundraising events, organised by charity Cancer Research UK. They involve running, jogging or walking a 5-kilometre, 10-kilometre or 'Pretty Muddy' course and raising sponsorship for doing so. The money raises funds for cancer research in all 200 types of cancer. The Race for Life series of events is open to people of all ages, abilities and backgrounds take part in the Race for Life, and with more than 150 Race for Life 5k events across the United Kingdom. The event was previously restricted to women only.

History

The Imperial Cancer Research Fund identifies Jim Cowan as having the original idea for the Race for Life. The Fund then engaged Mr. Cowan to organise and act as race director for the first Race for Life event, which took place in 1994 in Battersea Park, London, where 750 participants raised £48,000.  The following year, the race was extended to 6 venues and had 4,500 participants with £210,000 raised.  It continued to grow year on year to become one of the UK's largest fundraising events, which in 2006 involved 240 races, 750,000 participants and raised £46,000,000.  Since Race for Life began in 1994, 6,000,000 women across the UK have raised over £493,000,000 for the charity. Notable participants include: Jane Tomlinson, whose first fundraising event was a Race for Life in 2001 after being diagnosed with terminal breast cancer. She went on to raise over £1,750,000 for charity before her death in 2007. In 2009, actresses Laila Morse and Lynda Bellingham became a Race for Life ambassadors in memory of Wendy Richard and Jade Goody, both of whom had recently died from cancer. Bellingham later died from cancer in 2014.

The rules were amended in 2012 to allow boys up to the age of 12 to participate following a determined campaign by Claire Parke. In 2019, Cancer Research UK opened Race for Life to anybody regardless of age and gender. Unfortunately, in 2020, the Race for Life events were postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so instead a new and virtual event was created; it was dubbed Race for Life at Home.

Run for Moore

Following complaints from John Taylor claiming that the Race for Life was in breach of Section 29 of the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act (which states it is illegal to discriminate in the provision of goods, facilities and services), the Equal Opportunities Commission wrote to Cancer Research UK which then launched the 5 km Run for Moore.

The proceeds from this event only went towards bowel cancer research and campaigns. The venture was discontinued in 2010.

See also
Race for the Cure
Relay For Life

References

External links

Cancer Research UK website
Race for Life's myspace profile

5K runs
Cancer fundraisers
10K runs
Recurring events established in 1994
Cancer organisations based in the United Kingdom
1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
Charity events in the United Kingdom
Sex segregation
Kennedy Lake (Vancouver Island)

Kennedy Lake is the largest lake on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.  Located north of Ucluelet on the island's central west coast, the lake is formed chiefly by the confluence of the Clayoquot and Kennedy Rivers.  Outflow is via a short stretch of the Kennedy River into Tofino Inlet.  The lake includes an extensive northern arm called Clayoquot Arm.

The lake and surrounding region's natural beauty has led to portions of it being protected from the logging industry.  Parks adjacent to the lake include Clayoquot Plateau Provincial Park, Pacific Rim National Park, Clayoquot Arm Provincial Park, Kennedy Lake Provincial Park, Kennedy River Bog Provincial Park and the Clayoquot Arm Beach recreation site.  The lake is a popular recreation destination for camping, boating and fishing.  It is an important spawning habitat for sockeye and various species of salmon and trout, and lies within the Coastal Western Hemlock Biogeoclimatic Zone.

The lake is part of the ancestral lands of the Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations, and is named for the last governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island, Sir Arthur Kennedy.

Geography  
Kennedy Lake has a surface area of , making it the largest lake on Vancouver Island. It has an irregular shape made up of two basins, referred to as the Main Arm and the Clayoquot Arm, connected by a narrow sill. While the mean depth of the lake is , the sill dividing the two arms is less than  depth, while the deepest part of the lake reaches . The lake is situated at  above sea level.

British Columbia Highway 4 winds along the south-east and southern side of the lake, the only highway accessing the communities of Ucluelet and Tofino.

See also
 Clayoquot Sound

References

External links
 Kennedy Lake Provincial Park.
 Kennedy River Bog Provincial Park.
 Clayoquot Arm Provincial Park.
 Clayoquot Plateau Provincial Park.
 

Barkley Sound region
Clayoquot Sound region
Lakes of Vancouver Island
Clayoquot Land District
Save Me (Remy Zero song)

"Save Me" is a song by American alternative rock band Remy Zero. Taken from their album The Golden Hum, it reached number 27 on the United States Billboard Modern Rock charts, and acted as the theme song for the Superman-based television series Smallville. In a callback to Smallville, the song was later used on The Flash episode "Elseworlds, Part 1", which featured part of the original Smallville set.

The shorter version of this song is from the Smallville compilation CD: Smallville: The Talon Mix (2003). The Season 1 finale, titled "Tempest", features Remy Zero appearing at the Spring Formal and performing the theme version of "Save Me" and "Perfect Memory (I'll Remember You)".

Music video
The music video for "Save Me", directed by Phil Harder, was filmed in Minneapolis, Minnesota and features clips of downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota State Fairgrounds and of the bridges along the Mississippi River, including the I-35W Mississippi River bridge, which collapsed in August 2007.

In the music video, Cinjun Tate is different from everyone else. Everyone around him walks in reverse and cars drive backwards. The band performs inside a giant room with background projections of unrelated images (a lizard for example). In the end, everyone who walked backwards stops. Tate looks around, later shrugs, and walks backwards the same as everyone else before the video fades to black.

Track listing

Smallville single – Intro
 "Save Me" – 0:51

Charts

Notes

 Besant, Janna: "A Super Soundtrack from 'Smallville'" The Buffalo News, April 30, 2003.
 CNET Networks Entertainment: "Smallville: Tempest (1)", TV.com, May 21, 2002.

2000 songs
2001 singles
Remy Zero songs
Geffen Records singles
Television drama theme songs
Smallville
Superman music
Song recordings produced by Jack Joseph Puig
Music videos directed by Phil Harder
Bernhard Plettner

Dr. Ing. e.h. Bernhard Plettner (December 2, 1914 in Oberlahnstein – November 2, 1997 in Erlangen) was a German engineer and manager. From 1971 to 1981 he was CEO of Siemens AG.

Plettner studied electrical engineering in Darmstadt. After an internship in 1937 he returned to Siemens-Schuckertwerke in Berlin in 1940. After World War II Plettner was especially engaged in restoring the export relations of the firm. Plettner became a member of the board of directors of Siemens-Schuckertwerke in 1959 and CEO of this company in 1962. After the merging of Siemens-Schuckertwerke with Siemens & Halske AG he was a member of the board of directors of  Siemens AG. In 1971 he was appointed CEO. When he was succeeded by Karlheinz Kaske in 1981, Plettner became the first chairman of the supervisory board not to be a member of the Siemens family.  He resigned in 1988.

References
Shaping the Future. The Siemens Entrepreneurs 1847–2018. Ed. Siemens Historical Institute, Hamburg 2018, ..

External links 
Presidents and Chief Executive Officers of Siemens AG

Siemens
1914 births
1997 deaths
People from Erlangen
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Prey (Tiamat album)

Prey is the eighth studio album by Swedish gothic metal band Tiamat. It was released on October 27, 2003 through Century Media Records.

The song "Cain" appeared in Troika Games' 2004 PC game Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines.

Track listing

Personnel

Tiamat
 Johan Edlund – vocals, guitars, keyboards
 Thomas Petersson – guitars
 Anders Iwers – bass guitar
 Lars Sköld – drums

Additional personnel
 Johan Edlund – engineering, production, design, layout
 Sonja Brandt – additional vocals 
 Sam Carpenter – engineering
 T. T. Oksala – mixing
 Minerva Pappi – mastering
 Katja Kuhl – photography

References

Tiamat (band) albums
2003 albums
Gothic rock albums by Swedish artists
Huntington Tower

Huntington Tower, earlier known as FirstMerit Tower, First National Bank Building, the First Central Tower and the First Central Trust Building, is a skyscraper in Akron, Ohio.  The centerpiece of downtown Akron, it sits in the Cascade Plaza at the corner of King James Way and East Mill Street. The  tower has been the city's tallest building since its completion in 1931.

The 27-story building is art deco in style and is covered in glazed architectural terra-cotta. Its lobby is built of Tennessee marble, white brick, and terra cotta, and features a large banking hall with arched windows. 

The tower is also noted for its role in local broadcasting. Studios for WAKR radio were originally housed in the ground level from 1940 until 1953. The top of the building also held a television mast originally used by WAKR's TV adjacent, WAKR-TV (now WVPX-TV) and WAKR-FM. Erected in 1953 for WAKR-TV's sign-on and later donated to PBS member station WEAO, the antenna reached a height of  but was removed in 2019.

History
The tower replaced the neo-gothic Hamilton Building, completed on the site in 1900.

Around 2000, the tower was given a $2.5 million facelift, including a $1.8 million restoration of the tower's terra-cotta, brick, and limestone facade. The painstaking process involved the removal of some 450 blocks weighing up to  for cleaning and reassembly. Over 1,100 other pieces of the masonry and tilework were repaired on site. In 2007, the tower underwent another restoration. Completed by Cleveland-based VIP Restorations, it included repointing of all masonry and terra-cotta joints, repairs to the windows, structural restoration, and a restoration of the 13th floor parapet. VIP Restorations also helped to get the building placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The building's name changed after Huntington acquired FirstMerit in 2016.

In 2019, Huntington announced the building was for sale.

References

External links
National Register of Historic Places nomination form for First National Bank Tower

Skyscrapers in Akron, Ohio
Office buildings completed in 1931
Terracotta
Art Deco architecture in Ohio
1931 establishments in Ohio
Skyscraper office buildings in Ohio
Office buildings in Akron, Ohio