alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Éléazar-François des Achards de la Baume

Éléazar-François des Achards de la Baume, or des Achards de Ferrus (1679–1741), a native of Avignon, France, and a titular bishop of Halicarnassus, Asia Minor, passed many laborious years as a missionary in his own country; but he found many obstacles from the rivalry of different ecclesiastical orders.

His honorable adherence to the offices of piety and humanity that he discharged during the plague at Avignon in 1721, brought the attention of Pope Clement XII, who employed him as an apostolic vicar to settle the disgraceful disputes which had arisen among the missionaries in Cochinchina.

When sent to Cochinchina as a visitor apostolic, he was not more edified there than he had been in France—not only was one order opposed to another, but national rivalry set ecclesiastics of the same order against one another. The dislike of the Italian missionaries to those of France was extreme. As visitor apostolic, Éléazar endeavored to effect peace between the contending parties. "Peace!" replied father Martioli, "I would as soon make peace with the devil as with a Frenchman!" Éléazar died in Cochin before effecting any improvement to the situation, two years after his arrival.

A seminary in Huế was established by Achards. An account of his mission was published by his secretary, M. Faber, in three volumes.

References

18th-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
Clergy from Avignon
People from the Papal States 
Roman Catholic missionaries in Vietnam
Roman Catholic missionaries in France
1679 births
1741 deaths
French Roman Catholic missionaries
French Roman Catholic bishops in Asia
Wolfwood

Wolfwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Theresa Wolfwood, director of the Barnard Boecker Centre Foundation in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Fictional characters
 Nicholas D. Wolfwood, a Trigun character

English-language surnames
Los Frailes Archipelago

The Islas Los Frailes are an archipelago of rock islets with sparse scrub vegetation belonging to the Federal dependencies of Venezuela, part of Venezuela.

The flotilla of Spanish explorer Alonso de Ojeda sighted in 1499 the archipelago composed of ten islands: 
 Chepere 
 Guacaraida 
 Isla Fraile Grande
 Nabobo
 Cominoto 
 Macarare 
 Guairiare 
 Guacaraida 
 La Balandra
 La Peche

The largest island is called Fraile Grande or Puerto Real and is  long and occupies . The southern islet has an elevation of . About  north of Los Failes is Roca del Norte (North Rock), which is  high.

See also
Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
List of Poriferans of Venezuela

References

External links

 Los Frailes; hfdx.org

Los Frailes
Venezuelan islands of the Leeward Antilles
Traverse (surveying)

Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point. Traverse networks have many advantages, including:

 Less reconnaissance and organization needed;
 While in other systems, which may require the survey to be performed along a rigid polygon shape, the traverse can change to any shape and thus can accommodate a great deal of different terrains;
 Only a few observations need to be taken at each station, whereas in other survey networks a great deal of angular and linear observations need to be made and considered;
 Traverse networks are free of the strength of figure considerations that happen in triangular systems;
 Scale error does not add up as the traverse is performed. Azimuth swing errors can also be reduced by increasing the distance between stations.

The traverse is more accurate than triangulateration (a combined function of the triangulation and trilateration practice).

Types
Frequently in surveying engineering and geodetic science, control points (CP) are setting/observing distance and direction (bearings, angles, azimuths, and elevation). The CP throughout the control network may consist of monuments, benchmarks, vertical control, etc. There are mainly two types of traverse:
 Closed traverse: either originates from a station and returns to the same station completing a circuit, or runs between two known stations

 Open traverse: neither returns to its starting station, nor closes on any other known station.                                                                                                                                                 
 Compound traverse: it is where an open traverse is linked at its ends to an existing traverse to form a closed traverse. The closing line may be defined by coordinates at the end points which have been determined by previous survey. The difficulty is, where there is linear misclosure, it is not known whether the error is in the new survey or the previous survey.

Components
 Control point — The primary/base control used for preliminary measurements; it may consist of any known point capable of establishing accurate control of distance and direction (i.e. coordinates, elevation, bearings, etc.).
 Starting – The initial starting control point of the traverse.
 Observation – All known control points that are set or observed within the traverse.
 Terminal – The initial ending control point of the traverse; its coordinates are unknown.tr

See also
 Great Trigonometrical Survey
 Polygonal chain
 Side shot
 Transcontinental Traverse

References

Civil engineering
Earth sciences
Geodesy
Surveying
Interstate 78 Toll Bridge

The Interstate 78 Toll Bridge (I-78 Toll Bridge) carries Interstate 78 across the Delaware River between Williams Township, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey in the United States. The bridge opened on November 21, 1989 and is operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission (DRJTBC). As of 2008, the bridge carried an average of 56,100 vehicles daily.

The span has an overall length of  and is a twin four girder span. A toll is charged only for traffic heading west into Pennsylvania. The toll plaza has four conventional lanes and two Express E-ZPass lanes. Just after the toll plaza is the Pennsylvania Welcome Center. 

The jurisdiction of the DRJTBC for the bridge extends between the first interchange on either side of the bridge, which includes  west along I-78 to just west of exit 75 in Pennsylvania and  east in New Jersey to exit 3.

Tolls
Tolls on the Interstate 78 Toll Bridge are incurred only by motorists leaving New Jersey and entering Pennsylvania. There is no toll for those leaving Pennsylvania and entering New Jersey. On April 11, 2021, tolls on the I-78 Toll Bridge increased to $1.25 for motorists entering Pennsylvania with E-ZPass and $3.00 for motorists entering Pennsylvania without E-ZPass. An additional toll increase is planned in 2024.

See also 
 List of crossings of the Delaware River

References

External links 
 DRJTBC Official page

Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission
1989 establishments in New Jersey
1989 establishments in Pennsylvania
Bridges completed in 1989
Bridges in Northampton County, Pennsylvania
Bridges in Warren County, New Jersey
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Bridges over the Delaware River
Concrete bridges in the United States
Girder bridges in the United States
Interstate 78
Phillipsburg, New Jersey
Road bridges in New Jersey
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Toll bridges in New Jersey
Toll bridges in Pennsylvania
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States
Innermost intercostal muscle

The innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscles. It may also be called the intima of the internal intercostal muscles. It is the deepest muscular layer of the thorax, with muscle fibres running vertically (in parallel with the internal intercostal muscles). It is present only in the middle of each intercostal space, and often not present higher up the rib cage. It lies deep to the plane that contains the intercostal nerves and intercostal vessels, and the internal intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is continuous with the innermost intercostal muscle.

Additional images

References

External links

  - "Thoracic Wall: The Intercostal Nerve and Vessels"
  - "Transverse section of thorax."
 

Muscles of the torso
Richard Devine (disambiguation)

Richard Devine may refer to:

Richard A. Devine, former State's Attorney for Cook County, Illinois 
Richard Devine, Atlanta-based electronic musician

See also
Richard David Vine, U.S. diplomat
Carborundum printmaking

Carborundum mezzotint is a printmaking technique in which the image is created by adding light passages to a dark field. It is a relatively new process invented in the US during the 1930s by Hugh Mesibov, Michael J. Gallagher, and Dox Thrash, an artist working in Philadelphia with the Works Progress Administration (WPA)). "Carborundum Collagraph" collagraph is a different printmaking technique, invented in 1952 by Henri Goetz, an American abstract artist living in Paris. The  carborundum mezzotint uses the grits to create pits below the surface of the metal that then hold ink, like traditional mezzotint. The carborundum collagraph creates the image above the surface of the matrix, which does not have to be metal. In one method, the grits are mixed into a paste using an acrylic base that is painted onto the matrix, creating the image much like painting. Once dried, this holds the ink; the wiping and printing are done the same as etching. The techniques described following and below are alternatives to the paste mixture technique, yet all are creating the image above the surface of the matrix. Carbordundum collagraph allows artists to work on a large scale. Normally, cardboard or wood plates are coated in a layer of carborundum or screen, and the lights are created by filling in the texture with screen filler or glue. Carborundum prints may be printed as intaglio plates.

Carborundum was originally used by printmakers to grind down lithography stones and is now used in collagraph prints to create gradients of tone and a sandy texture. It works because when the carborundum adheres to the plate the ink sits around it. It can be applied in a number of different ways:

Painting onto the plate with a liquid glue and then sprinkling the carborundum onto it
Mixing different amounts of glue with it and then painting them on in sections, the more grit used the darker. Example: one spoon of carborundum to five spoons of glue will be much lighter than five spoons of carborundum to five spoons of glue.
Using stencils to apply the glue and sprinkling different amounts of carborundum through the different stencils.

To print a carborundum print, the surface is covered in ink, and then the surface is wiped clean with tarlatan cloth or newspaper, leaving ink only in the texture of the screen or carborundum.  A damp piece of paper is placed on top, and the plate and paper are run through a printing press that, through pressure, transfers the ink from the recesses of the plate to the paper.  Very large editions are not possible as a small amount of carborundum comes off every time it is wiped down.

Uses
Contrast with relief printing, and with planographic printing techniques such as lithography.

Artists
 Gillian Ayres
 Howard Hodgkin
 Hugh Mesibov
 Joan Miró
 Dox Thrash
 Joe Tilson
 Roswell Weidner

See also
Collograph
Intaglio (printmaking)

References

External links

 Carborundum and other printmaking definitions

Printmaking
Impact printing
Gabriel Cleary

Gabriel Cleary (born 1945) is a former senior engineer in the Provisional IRA. A native of Tallaght, County Dublin, he was arrested in 1987 when the French and Irish governments intercepted a shipment of weapons from Libya. After spending five years in French prison, Cleary was freed in 1992. He was arrested again in a raid on an underground bomb factory in County Laois in 1996; he was released from prison in 1998, as part of the Northern Ireland peace process. He was the Director of Engineering on the General Headquarters Staff (GHQ).

Bibliography
Carolan, Mary (1998). "Libel trial told Adams, Doherty and McGuinness were at IRA meeting", Irish Times, April 30, 1998.
Kirby, Terry (1992). "Irish Police Arrest Freed Gun-Runner", The Independent. January 25, 1992.
Murdoch, Alan (1998). "Four IRA Bomb-makers Released from Prison", The Independent. November 1, 1998.

1945 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Irish republicans
Living people
People from Tallaght
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Republicans imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
Polar-ring galaxy

A polar-ring galaxy is a type of galaxy with an outer ring of gas and stars that rotates over the poles of the galaxy. These polar rings are thought to form when two galaxies gravitationally interact with each other. One possibility is that a material is tidally stripped from a passing galaxy to produce the polar ring. The other possibility is that a smaller galaxy collides orthogonally with the plane of rotation of the larger galaxy, with the smaller galaxy effectively forming the polar-ring structure.

The best-known polar-ring galaxies are S0s (lenticular galaxies), but from the physical point of view they are part of a wider category of galaxies, including several ellipticals.

The first four S0 galaxies that were identified as polar-ring galaxies were NGC 2685, NGC 4650A, A 0136 -0801,  and ESO 415 -G26.  While these galaxies have been extensively studied, many other polar-ring galaxies have since been identified. Polar-ring S0 galaxies may be found around 0.5% of all nearby lenticular galaxies, and it is possible that 5% of lenticular galaxies may have had polar rings at some point during their lifetimes.

The first polar-ring elliptical galaxies were identified in 1978. They were NGC 5128, NGC 5363, NGC 1947 and Cygnus A, while the polar-ring S0 galaxies NGC 2685 and NGC 4650A were at that time indicated as resulting from similar formation processes. Only some years later, when the first observations of the stellar and gas motion of polar-ring elliptical and S0 galaxies were possible with a better spectroscopic technology, the external origin of the gaseous rings was clarified. In addition to the best-known example, NGC 5128 (Cen A), a very regular polar ring elliptical, is NGC 5266

SPRC (Old Version)

The SPRC is the Sloan Polar-Ring Catalogue, an atlas of 157 polar-ring galaxies. It was put together with images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.There are four sections (A,B,C, and D). There are 6 galaxies in section A which are kinematically confirmed galaxies. There are 27 in section B, which are good candidates. In section C, there are 73 galaxies, which are possible candidates. And there are 51 galaxies in section D, which are related objects.

SPRC (New Version)

There is a revised version of the SPRC, with 275 candidates. There are 70 of the best candidates, 115 good candidates, 53 related objects, and 37 face-on rings.

Gallery

See also

References

External links
Astronomy Picture of the Day
 Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A - May 10, 1999
 Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685 - 2007 February 16
 Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660 - 2009 December 3
 Internet Voters Get Two Galaxies in One from Hubble
 X marks the spot in dark matter web - Polar ring galaxies offer first-hand evidence of the existence of the cosmic web, New Scientist, 29 February 2008

Galaxy morphological types
PQCC

The Production Quality Compiler-Compiler Project (or PQCC) was a long-term project led by William Wulf at Carnegie Mellon University to produce an industrial-strength compiler-compiler.  PQCC would produce full, optimizing programming language compilers from descriptions of the programming language and the target machine.  Though the goal of a fully automatic process was not realized, PQCC technology and ideas were the basis of production compilers from Intermetrics, Tartan Laboratories, and others.

Objective 
The focus of the project was on the semantics and machine-dependent phases of compilation, since lexical and syntactic analysis were already well understood. Each phase was formalized in a manner that permits expression in table-driven form. The automatic construction of the compiler then consists of deriving these tables from the semantic definitions of the language and target machine. Though this approach was largely successful for target machine description, it was less so for semantics.

See also
 GNU Bison
 yacc

References 

Compilers
Parsing algorithms
Parsing
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle

The men's 50 m freestyle was held at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC) on the 20th and 21 March 2006.

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Final

Men's 50 m Freestyle - SemiFinals

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Semifinal 01

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Semifinal 02

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heats

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 03

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 04

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 05

Men's 50 m Freestyle - Heat 06

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Mike Friend

Michael Friend (born October 4, 1961) is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He represented an Omaha district in the Nebraska Legislature, and later became and the first Director of Nebraska's Office of Violence Prevention.

Friend was born in Omaha, and graduated from Millard Senior High School in 1980. He then attended Kearney State College from 1980 to 1982 and Creighton University in journalism, graduated in 1985 but studied law for an extra year. In 2002, Friend was elected to represent the 10th Legislative District in the Nebraska Legislature.  He was re-elected in 2006 with over 76% of the vote. He sat on the General Affairs, Revenue, and Legislative Performance Audit Committees, and chaired the Urban Affairs Committee.

In 2006, Nebraska lawmakers passed a bill sponsored by Friend that restricts picketing and protesting at funerals. The law was designed to prohibit picketing a funeral within 300 feet of a cemetery, mortuary or church between one hour before and two hours following an event. The impetus for the legislation was a group of protesters who made a habit of picketing military funerals, as a form of protest against the United States.

In August 2009, Friend resigned from the Legislature after governor Dave Heineman appointed him Director of the Office of Violence Prevention. The office holds the responsibility of overseeing grants to combat community violence. Friend left the Office of Violence Prevention in 2011.

References

Sources

External links
Nebraska Office of Violence Prevention, ncc.ne.gov; accessed May 24, 2017.

1961 births
Living people
Republican Party Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Creighton University alumni
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle



Men's 100 m Freestyle - Final

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Semifinals

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Semifinal 01

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Semifinal 02

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heats

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 03

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 04

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 05

Men's 100 m Freestyle - Heat 06

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Panay River

The Panay River (known as Pan-ay River) is the longest river on Panay Island in the Philippines, with a total length of approximately  and a drainage basin area of . It drains almost the entire province of Capiz and northern portion of Iloilo province.

The source of the Panay River is on the slopes of Mount Igabon–Mount Angas Mountain Range. Starting in Tapaz, it runs southward and changing its direction toward east-northeast to Dumalag and Cuartero, then traversing north through the municipalities of Dao and Panitan. In Panay the river splits, with the primary branch emptying into the Sibuyan Sea at Roxas City.

Tributaries 
The main tributaries of the river are the Tapaz River and Mambusao River on the left and the Badbaran River and Maayon River on the right.

Panay River list of tributaries by length:
Mambusao River (sub-basin area )
Badbaran River (sub-basin area )
Ma-ayon River (sub-basin area )
Tapaz River

References

Rivers of the Philippines
Landforms of Capiz
Banica River

The Banica River is a river on the island of Negros in the Philippines, in the municipality of Valencia and Dumaguete City.

It flows south of the Okoy River in Negros Oriental, but is not a tributary of it. This is a common misunderstanding, but it can be easily verified on Google Maps that the two rivers (Banica and Okoy) are completely separate – the Banica flows wholly south of the Okoy.

The source of the Banica River lies in the mountains above Valencia, and one of its tributaries flows through the famous Casaroro Falls.

The river traverses the municipality of Valencia and the city of Dumaguete where it empties into the Bohol Sea.

References

Rivers of the Philippines
Landforms of Negros Oriental
Dumaguete
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle



Men's 200 m Freestyle - Final

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heats

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 03

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 04

Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 05

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Pedro de Villagra

Pedro de Villagra y Martínez (1513 in Mombeltrán, Ávila Province – September 11, 1577 in Lima)  was a Spanish soldier who participated in the conquest of Chile, being appointed its Royal Governor between 1563 and 1565.

His father was Juan de Villagra, a minor civil official. In 1537 he moved from Spain to Cartagena de Indias, then to Santa Marta and later Peru. He arrived in Chile with the expedition of Pedro de Valdivia.

With the founding of Santiago, Villagra held for 4 years the post of the city's mayor. Valdivia also granted him an encomienda in Tirúa.  After the death of the governor, he moved back to Peru, where he married Beatriz de Figueroa.

He returned to Chile when his nephew (cousin?) Francisco de Villagra was governor for the first time. He fought in the Arauco War and took command of the southern forces when the governor became ill. In 1556 he commanded the forces that drove Lautaro back from Santiago in the Battle of Peteroa.

He again commanded forces under Francisco de Villagra when he became governor again in 1561.  When Francisco de Villagra died on June 22, 1563, he left Pedro de Villagra as interim governor. This was later confirmed by the Viceroy of Peru, Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco. His military strategy led him to concentrate his forces, vacating the fort Arauco in order to reinforce Angol and Concepción. Some of the worst Mapuche defeats would be suffered through the attack on Angol, where the garrisoning forces led by Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado inflicted over a thousand of casualties and killed the toqui Illangulién in the Battle of Angol. Later he headed a new campaign in the south, relieving the Siege of Concepcion and resulting in the victorious battles of Reinohuelen and Tolmillán against the Mapuches north of the Bio-Bio River. This series of defeats resulted in a few years of apparent peace between the Spanish and Mapuche.

With the death of the viceroy López de Zúñiga y Velasco in 1564 the political situation deteriorated for Villagra. In 1565, at the orders of the new viceroy Lope García de Castro, he was replaced by Rodrigo de Quiroga, arrested, and sent to Peru, where he managed to clear his name. After his absolution he petitioned the king for the reparations he believed himself due, but he never received a response.

He died in Lima on September 11, 1577.

References
This article was translated from the Spanish wiki article on March 22-3, 2006.

Royal Governors of Chile
Spanish explorers
Spanish generals
1513 births
1577 deaths
People from the Province of Ávila
1560s in the Captaincy General of Chile
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle



Men's 400 m Freestyle - Final

Men's 400 m Freestyle - Heats

Men's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 02

Men's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 03

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Panay (disambiguation)

Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth-most populous island in the Philippines.

Panay may also refer to

Places

Philippines
Panay, Capiz, a municipality on Panay island
Panay River on Panay island
Panay Gulf in Western Visayas, near Panay island
Panay (Catanduanes), a small island in Bicol Region

Iran
Panay, Iran

Uzbekistan
 Panay, Uzbekistan - populated place in Uzbekistan

People
 Panos Panay, born 1972, Cypriot entrepreneur
 Panos Panay (Microsoft), a Microsoft vice-president

Other
 Panay (film), a 2015 Taiwanese film
 USS Panay (three different ships)
Panay incident

Animals
Panay cloudrunner, mammal
Panay striped babbler, bird
Panay giant fruit bat
Panay forest frog
Panay monitor lizard
Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

The Men's 1500m freestyle event took place on 21 March 2006 at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre in Melbourne, Australia. The event was won by 21 year old Dave Davies of Wales in a time of 14:57.63. In doing so, Davies became the first Welsh swimming champion in 32 years. Andrew Hurd from Canada placed second with a time of 15:09.44, while South Africa's Hercules Prinsloo placed third with a time of 15:11.88.

Men's 1500 m Freestyle - Final

Men's 1500 m Freestyle - Heats

Men's 1500 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Men's 1500 m Freestyle - Heat 02

References 

 "Results and Medalists—2006 Commonwealth Games". Thecgf.com. Commonwealth Games Federation.
 "Official Website". M2006.thecgf.com. Melbourne 2006.

Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games in Australia
Sports competitions in Melbourne
March 2006 sports events in Australia
Gwen Howard

Gwen E. Howard (born 1945) is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. 
She served two terms in the Nebraska Legislature, from 2005 to 2013, representing an Omaha district.

Howard was born Gwen E. Middaugh, on June 24, 1945, in Douglas County, Nebraska.  She graduated from Omaha Benson High School in 1963.  In 1967, she received a degree in sociology and psychology from Midland Lutheran College; in 1974, a master's degree in social work from the University of Nebraska Omaha.  She married David Howard, who was killed in a car accident in 1981; and had two daughters, Carrie Howard and Sara Howard.  She worked as a social worker and adoption specialist.

In 2004, Howard ran for the Nebraska Legislature from the 9th District, consisting of a portion of midtown Omaha.  Incumbent Chip Maxwell, a member of the Republican Party, had decided to run for the Douglas County Board of Commissioners rather than seeking re-election.  In the nonpartisan primary, Democrat Howard received 43% of the vote; Republican Scott Knudsen, a Republican mortgage banker who had unsuccessfully run for the seat in 2000, received 32%; and R. Anthony Metz received 25%.  As the top two vote-getters, Howard and Knudsen moved on to the general election, in which Howard won the seat, with 56.7% of the vote to Knudsen's 43.3%.

In 2008, Howard ran unopposed for re-election to her seat in the Legislature.

During her legislative career, Howard served as vice-chairperson of the Education Committee and the Committee on Committees; she also sat on the Health and Human Services Committee and the Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee, and as one of Nebraska's seven commissioners in the interstate Education Commission of the States.

Nebraska's term-limits law left Howard ineligible to run for a third consecutive term in the Legislature in 2012.  She ran for the 2nd District seat in the U.S. Congress, held by Republican Lee Terry.  In the Democratic primary, she lost to Douglas County treasurer John Ewing, taking 38% of the vote to Ewing's 62%.  Ewing lost the general election, with 49.2% of the vote to incumbent Terry's 50.8%.  Meanwhile, Howard's daughter, Sara Howard, ran for the seat that Howard was vacating.  Sara, a Democrat, came in first in the three-way nonpartisan primary, and defeated Republican Erica Fish in the general election.

In 2014, Howard was elected to an at-large seat on the Metropolitan Utilities District (MUD) board.  MUD is a publicly owned utility that provides water and natural gas to the Omaha metropolitan area.

References

1945 births
Living people
Democratic Party Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Women state legislators in Nebraska
Midland University alumni
21st-century American women
BRTC

BRTC may refer to:

 Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation
 Black River Technical College
 Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation
2000–01 WHL season

The 2000–01 WHL season was the 35th season for the Western Hockey League.  Eighteen teams completed a 72-game season.  The Red Deer Rebels won the President's Cup before going on to win the Memorial Cup.

Regular season

Final standings

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes

Goaltending Leaders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

2001 WHL Playoffs

Conference quarterfinals

Eastern Conference

Western Conference

Conference semifinals

Conference finals

WHL Championship

All-Star game

On January 24, the WHL Eastern All-stars were defeated by  the OHL Western All-stars 5–2 at Guelph, Ontario before a crowd of 5,074.

On January 31, the WHL Western All-stars were defeated by the QMJHL Dilio All-stars 7–5 at Kamloops, British Columbia before a crowd of 4,103.

WHL awards

All-Star Teams

source: Western Hockey League press release

See also
2001 Memorial Cup
2001 NHL Entry Draft
2000 in sports
2001 in sports

References
whl.ca
 2005–06 WHL Guide

Western Hockey League seasons
WHL
WHL
Calogero conjecture

The Calogero conjecture  is a minority interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is a quantization explanation involving quantum mechanics, originally stipulated in 1997 and further republished in 2004 by Francesco Calogero that suggests the classical stochastic background field to which Edward Nelson attributes quantum mechanical behavior in his theory of stochastic quantization is a fluctuating space-time, and that there are further mathematical relations between the involved quantities.

The hypothesis itself suggests that if the angular momentum associated with a stochastic tremor with spatial coherence provides an action purported by that motion within the order of magnitude of Planck's constant then the order of magnitude of the associated angular momentum has the same value. Calogero himself suggests that these findings, originally based on the simplified model of the universe "are affected (and essentially, unaffected) by the possible presence in the mass of the Universe of a large component made up of particles much lighter than nucleons".

Essentially, the relation explained by Calogero can be expressed with the formulas:

Furthermore:
 Const G,m
Where:
 represents the gravitational constant
 represents the mass of a hydrogen atom.
 represents the radius of the universe accessible by gravitational interactions in time, t.
 is a dimensional constant.

Despite its common description, it has been noted that the conjecture is not entirely defined within the realms of Nelson's stochastic mechanics, but can also be thought of as a means of inquiring into the statistical effects of interaction with distant masses in the universe and was expected by Calogero himself to be within the same order of magnitude as quantum mechanical effects.

Analysis

Compatibility with fundamental constants 

After the publication of Calogero's original paper, "[The] [c]osmic origin of quantization" a response was published by Giuseppe Gaeta of the University of Rome in which he discussed the compatibility of the conjecture with present bounds on variation of fundamental constants, but also outlined his focus on the modification of the relation between redshift and distance, and of the estimations attained from observations of elapsed time from the production of cosmic radiation and implications—both being related also, to the observed blackbody distribution of background cosmic radiation.

References 

 

Quantum mechanics
Conjectures
XHFZO-FM

XHFZO-FM is a Spanish & English Adult Contemporary language radio station in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, broadcasting on 92.9 FM. The station broadcasts from Cerro La Bufadora, located northwest of Ensenada.

History 
In March 1994, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation awarded the rights to 92.9 MHz in Francisco Zarco, Baja California, to Rommel Arvizu Rashid. The station then signed on from Ensenada later that year, originally as  with a Regional Mexican format. The station was briefly known as  from 2000 to 2001 and then as XS92.9 from 2001 to 2017.

External links 
Amor Mio Facebook

References 

Radio stations in Ensenada, Baja California
Radio stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in Mexico
Maryhill (disambiguation)

Maryhill is a district of Glasgow, Scotland.

Maryhill may also refer to:

Maryhill (ward), a ward of Glasgow City Council

Places
 Maryhill, Ontario unincorporated community, Canada
 Maryhill, New Zealand, suburb
 Maryhill, Washington census-designated place, United States
 Maryhill Estates, Kentucky city, United States

Organizations and institutions
 Maryhill F.C., a football club in Maryhill, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Maryhill Museum of Art, a registered historic place and museum in Maryhill, Washington, United States
 Maryhill College, in Lucena City, Philippines

See also
Mary Hill (disambiguation)
Carol Hudkins

Carol L. Hudkins (born February 21, 1945)  is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. She served in the Nebraska Legislature for four terms, covering sixteen years.

Early life and career

Hudkins was born in North Platte, Nebraska.   She graduated from high school in Waverly, then attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.  She married Larry Hudkins in 1964; the couple farmed near Malcolm, and Hudkins worked as a medical transcriptionist.  She was elected to the Malcolm school board, and served as its chair.

Legislative elections

In 1992, Hudkins ran for the Nebraska Legislature from District 21, which then consisted of parts of Lancaster, Saunders, and Sarpy Counties.  In the nonpartisan primary election, she placed first of five candidates, with 31.7% of the vote to Bill Sapp's 28.3%.  As the top two vote-getters, she and Sapp moved on to the general election, which Hudkins won with 57% of the vote to Sapp's 43%.

In 1996, Hudkins defended her seat from a challenge by Carol Yoakum and Dale McClure, both of Lincoln.  In the primary, Hudkins took 59.3% of the vote; Yoakum, 27.3%; and McClure, 13.4%.  In the general election, Hudkins received 64.3% of the vote to Yoakum's 35.4%.

Hudkins ran unopposed for re-election to her seat in the legislature in 2000, and again in 2004.

In 2000, Nebraska voters passed a term-limits amendment to the state's constitution, under which state legislators could serve no more than two terms consecutively.  This rendered Hudkins ineligible to run for re-election in 2008, in which year she announced her retirement.

Legislative career

During her tenure in the Legislature, Hudkins served on the Rules Committee, of which she was chairperson; the Natural Resources Committee, of which she was vice-chairperson; the Judiciary Committee, of which she was vice-chairperson; the Agriculture Committee; the General Affairs Committee; the Transportation and Telecommunications Committee; and the Executive Board.

In the Legislature, Hudkins proposed a bill to license and regulate acupuncturists so that they could practice in Nebraska; the measure passed in 2001.

Hudkins also sponsored legislation to lower the legal blood-alcohol level for drivers from 0.10% to 0.08%.  Recently passed federal legislation that withheld highway funds from states that failed to adopt the lower limit played a role in the passage of the measure.

References

1945 births
Living people
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Nebraska state senators
Women state legislators in Nebraska
People from Lancaster County, Nebraska
21st-century American women
Gabriel–Colman rearrangement

The Gabriel–Colman rearrangement is the chemical reaction of a saccharin or phthalimido ester with a strong base, such as an alkoxide, to form substituted isoquinolines. First described in 1900 by chemists Siegmund Gabriel and James Colman, this rearrangement, a ring expansion, is seen to be general if there is an enolizable hydrogen on the group attached to the nitrogen, since it is necessary for the nitrogen to abstract a hydrogen to form the carbanion that will close the ring. As shown in the case of the general example below, X is either CO or SO2.

Mechanism

The reaction mechanism starts with an attack on the carbonyl group by a strong base, such as methoxide ion. The ring is then opened, forming an imide anion. This is then followed by a rapid isomerization of the imide anion to the carbanion. This is facilitated by the electron withdrawing effect of the substituent, which allows for greater stabilization of the adjacent carbanion with respect to the imide anion. The reaction is then completed when the methoxide is displaced by the ring closing, which results in a ring expansion. The rate determining step of this reaction is the attack of the carbanion on the carbomethoxy group.

The displacement of the methoxide is analogous to the displacement seen in the Dieckman condensation, as it is also a result of a ring closure.

Furthermore, tautomerization can occur on both of the carbonyl groups on the ring, with interconversion of the keto form to the enol form and the amide form to the imidic acid form.

Applications
The major application of the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement is in the formation of isoquinolines, due to the relatively high yield of the desired products. Therefore, studies in which either the product or an intermediate is an isoquinoline, the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement can be utilized. This reaction has been utilized in the production of intermediates for the synthesis of potential anti-inflammatory agents. It has also been used in the study of phthalimide and saccharin derivatives as mechanism based inhibitors for three enzymes; the human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3. Phthalimide derivatives were seen to be inactive, while saccharin derivatives were seen to be fair inhibitors of these enzymes.

In a study of the derivatives of 3-Oxo-1,2-benzoisothiazoline-2-acetic acid 1,1-dioxide, the Gabriel–Colman rearrangement was employed in the conversion of Isopropyl (1,1-dioxido-3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2(3H)-yl)acetate to Isopropyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide, as shown above. This reaction has shown a percent yield of 85%.

In another study, N-phthalimidoglycine ethyl ester was used to synthesize 4-hydroxyisoquinoline through use of a Gabriel–Colman rearrangement, as shown above. This reaction has shown a percent yield of 91%. The formation of this product was an important step in the study of the synthesis of 4,4′-functionalized 1,1′-biisoquinolines.

See also
Dieckmann reaction
Claisen condensation
Chan rearrangement

References

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Heterocycle forming reactions
Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions
Zorin

Zorin may refer to:

People
 Andrei Zorin (born 1997), Russian footballer
 Leonid Zorin, (1924–2020), Russian playwright
 Sergey Zorin (1891–1937), Soviet politician
 Simcha Zorin (1902–1974), Soviet Jewish partisan in World War II
 Valentin Zorin (1925–2016), Russian author
 Valerian Zorin (1902–1986), Soviet diplomat
 Yuriy Zorin (born 1947), Russian athlete

Other uses
 Max Zorin, a fictional James Bond character
 Zorin Blitz, a fictional Nazi vampire from Hellsing, a manga by Kouta Hirano
 Zorin OS, a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu

See also
 Vera Zorina (1917–2003), Norwegian ballerina and actress
 Zorino, Astrakhan Oblast
Boone Trail

The Boone Trail is a marked trail between Virginia Beach, Virginia and San Francisco, California, laid to honour the travels of U.S. explorer Daniel Boone.

History
Between 1913 and 1938, Joseph Hampton Rich, a resident of Mocksville, North Carolina, placed 358 metal tablets between Virginia Beach, Virginia and San Francisco, California, in honour of Daniel Boone and his travels. Although many of the tablets are associated with locations visited by Boone, many were simply placed wherever Rich could collect the necessary donations from schools and communities to erect a monument. He established the Boone Trail Highway Association to further his project. From the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s, the Association published a newsletter detailing the efforts to install new monuments.

The tablets were (at least partially) constructed from metal salvaged from the battleship , sunk during the Spanish–American War in 1898. The tablets were typically located near schools, government buildings, or along old highway routes. Over the years, many of the markers have been lost to highway construction and urban sprawl.

In the late-1990s, a group of descendants of Daniel Boone established the Boone Trail Highway & Memorial Re-Association with the intent of locating the markers which remained. Approximately 60 tablets have been located so far. One of the tablets can be found on Franklin Street in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Another can be found in front of historic Old Main on the campus of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke in Pembroke, North Carolina.

References
 Rich Man: Daniel Boone by Everette G. Marshall (Sugar Tree Enterprises, 2003)

External links
   – a search for markers that had its last update in 2006.
 Marker at The University of North Carolina at Pembroke

Historic trails and roads in the United States
Daniel Boone
List of Archibald Prize 2006 finalists

This is a list of finalists for the 2006 Archibald Prize for portraiture (listed is Artist – Title). 

Catherine Abel – Portrait of Julia Leigh
John Beard – Ken Unsworth
Danelle Bergstrom – Back to front – Kevin Connor
Kate Beynon – Year of the dog self-portrait
Tom Carment – Professor Muecke, portrait of Stephen Muecke
Jun Chen – Joe Furlonger
Peter Churcher – Bruce, Linde and me on the road to Guadelupe
Adam Cullen – Edmund, portrait of Edmund Capon
Geoffrey Dyer – The Abstractionist Graham Fransella
McLean Edwards – Cate Blanchett and family
Prudence Flint – Four wheel drive #2, self-portrait 
Robert Hannaford – Tim Flannery
Nicholas Harding – Robert Drewe (in the swell) 2006
Weaver Jack – Weaver Jack in Lungarung, self-portrait 
Paul Jackson – Garry McDonald "All the world's a stage..." (Winner of the 2006 People's Choice Award)
Jasper Knight – Sir Harold Knight KBE DSC
Kerrie Lester – Phillip Noyce – in the picture
Michael Mucci – A working class man portrait of Scott Cam (Winner of the 2006 Packing Room Prize) 
Paul Newton – Portrait of Pat Corrigan
Josonia Palaitis – Justice Michael Kirby
Rodney Pople – Artist and Curator, after Gainsborough
Ben Quilty – Cullen – before and after
Craig Ruddy – Self-portrait – into the box
Paul Ryan – Nicholas in Nowra, portrait of Nicholas Harding
Jenny Sages – Hossein Valamanesh
Gillie and Marc Schattner – John and his black dog, portrait of John Konrads
Jiawei Shen – This is not a photo, portrait of Greg Weight
Peter Smeeth – Clover Moore with Sheba and Bruno
Kathleen Vafiadis – Julia, portrait of Julia Gillard
Craig Waddell – Portrait of JC, portrait of Jessie Cacchillo
John R. Walker – Martin Armiger
Greg Warburton – Jim Conway
Marcus Wills – The Paul Juraszek Monolith (after Marcus Gheeraerts) (Winner of the Archibald Prize)
Bin Xie – Bright smile, portrait of Lindy Lee
Huihai Xie – A groom, portrait of Liu Yang
Michael Zavros – Michael Zavros can't paint / the wind is whistling through the house, self-portrait

See also 
 Previous year: List of Archibald Prize 2005 finalists
 Next year: List of Archibald Prize 2007 finalists
 List of Archibald Prize winners

External links
Archibald Prize 2006 finalists official website

2006
Archibald
Archibald Prize 2006
Archibald Prize 2006
2006 in art
Arch
Archibald
KXXY-FM

KXXY-FM (96.1 MHz, "96.1 KXY") is a commercial radio station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  It airs a classic country radio format.  In its logo, the station omits one of the two Xs in its call sign, calling itself "KXY".

KXXY-FM's studios and offices were located in the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side, in early 2022 iHeartMedia Oklahoma City moved KXXY-FM along with sister stations KGHM, KTOK, KJYO, KTST, KREF-FM, to new state of the art studios located at 6525 N Meridian Ave further up the road on the Northwest side just a few miles west from their former studio home in the 50 Penn Place building. The transmitter is off NE 122nd Street in Oklahoma City, near the John Kilpatrick Turnpike.

History
The station signed on in October 1964 as the second KOCY-FM in Oklahoma City. For its first five years, it simulcast the middle of the road music programming of co-owned KOCY (1340 AM).

In the late 1960s, the Federal Communications Commission began encouraging AM-FM combos to offer separate programming.  In 1969, KOCY-FM switched to progressive rock, styled after stations such as KMPX in San Francisco and WNEW-FM in New York City.

On October 24, 1972, the station changed its call sign to KXXY-FM to give it a separate identity from its AM sister station.  Over time, it moved from free form progressive rock to a more tightly-formatted album-oriented rock format. After 13 years of rock music, management decided to make a change.

On May 27, 1982, KXXY-FM flipped to country music, stunting by playing the song "You're the Reason God Made Oklahoma" for 24 hours.  KXXY-FM became an aggressive country competitor to KEBC, which had been the leading FM country outlet since signing on in 1967.  KXXY-FM edged ahead of KEBC in 1983 and would widen its lead to eight share points by the end of the decade.  In 1992, it peaked at an 18.4 share, and it was the top-billing station in Oklahoma City every year from 1985 to 1998. However, the station slumped in the late 1990s and 2000s.

In 1996, KXXY-FM was acquired by San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications.  Clear Channel later changed its name to the current iHeartMedia, Inc. in September 2014.

KXXY, along with the other iHeart stations in Oklahoma City, simulcasts audio of KFOR-TV if a tornado warning is issued within the Oklahoma City metro area.

References

External links
KXXY official website

XXY-FM
Classic country radio stations in the United States
1964 establishments in Oklahoma
Radio stations established in 1964
IHeartMedia radio stations
Ray Janssen

Ray Janssen (born July 5, 1937 in Hooper, Nebraska) served as a Nebraska state senator from Nickerson, Nebraska in the Nebraska Legislature from 1993 to 2009 and as a grocer. 

Janssen graduated from Hooper Public School. He was also in the U.S. Army. He was formerly the president of both Nickerson and Logan View school boards and is currently a member of the Nickerson volunteer fire department, Lions Club, and Hooper Commercial Club.

State legislature
Janssen was elected in 1992 to represent the 15th Nebraska legislative district. He was reelected in 1996, 2000, and 2004. He sat on the Revenue, Urban Affairs, and Building Maintenance committees and chaired the Revenue committee. In 2009, he was succeeded in the Legislature by his nephew, Charlie Janssen, who was elected to the 15th district seat in 2008.

References

1937 births
Living people
Democratic Party Nebraska state senators
People from Hooper, Nebraska