alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Moriah Shock Incarceration Correctional Facility

Moriah Shock Incarceration Correctional Facility was a minimum security New York State prison, located in Mineville, Town of Moriah, Essex County, New York, in a remote part of the Adirondack Mountains. The facility — established in former mine buildings —was home to SHOCK and intensive ASAT programs. It usually housed about 300 inmates.

References

External links  
  NY prison information 

Prisons in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Essex County, New York
Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke

Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke (December 17, 1814 – 1897) was a German entomologist who worked on Diptera and Hymenoptera, mainly the Ichneumonidae and Braconidae.

Briscke was from Danzig, West Prussia.

He was the author of Die Hymenopteren des Bernsteins; Schriften der Naturforschenden Geselschaft in Danzig, (N.F.), 6(3), 278-279 (1886), and of the four part Die Ichneumoniden der Provinzen West- und Ost-Preussen (Band 1, 1878; Band 2, 1879; Band 3, 1880; Band 4, 1881).

His collections are located in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Gdańsk, Poland;  Zoologisches Museum Königsberg, Russia and in the Zoological museum in the State University of Kharkiv, Ukraine.

References 

1814 births
1897 deaths
German entomologists
Hymenopterists
Dipterists
Scientists from Gdańsk
People from West Prussia
Ortaköy (disambiguation)

Ortaköy is a neighbourhood in Istanbul.

Ortaköy may also refer to:

Places
 The former Ottoman name of Ivaylovgrad, a town in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria
 Ortaköy, Nicosia, Cyprus

Turkey
 Ortaköy, Aksaray
 Ortaköy, Amasya
 Ortaköy, Artvin
 Ortaköy, Çal
 Ortaköy, Çorum
 Ortaköy, Feke, village in Adana Province
 Ortaköy, Hınıs
 Ortaköy, İnegöl
 Ortaköy, İspir
 Ortaköy, Kale
 Ortaköy, Mardin
 Ortaköy, Mudurnu
 Ortaköy, Sungurlu
 Ortaköy, Orhaneli
 Ortaköy, Taşköprü
 Ortaköy, Tercan
 Ortaköy, Tufanbeyli, village in Adana Province
 Ortaköy, Uludere, a village in Şırnak province

Other uses
 Ortaköy Mosque, a mosque in Ortaköy, Istanbul
 Ortaköy Spor Kulübü, a football club in Ortaköy, Istanbul
ISPA

ISPA may refer to:

 Indian Space Association (ISpA)
 Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics
 Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession, part of the European Union Regional policy
 International Sleep Products Association
 Internet Service Providers Association (disambiguation)
 Internet Service Providers Association (United Kingdom)
 Internet Service Providers Association (South Africa)
 Iranian Students Polling Agency
Immunization of School Pupils Act, vaccination law in Ontario, Canada
Santa suit

A Santa suit is a suit worn by a person portraying the legendary character Santa Claus. The modern American version of the suit can be attributed to the work of Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly magazine, although it is often incorrectly thought that Haddon Sundblom designed the suit in his advertising work for The Coca-Cola Company. Sundblom's work did standardize the western image of Santa, and popularized the image of the red suit with white fur trim. This has become the image of the American Santa, while in some European countries where Saint Nicholas remains popular, the outfit worn is closer to religious clothing, including a Bishop's mitre.

History

The first appearance of a modern Santa Claus, complete with what we consider to be the Santa suit was in drawings by Thomas Nast. Nast's original drawings were of a small Santa who could slide down chimneys, but his later works made him full size. He was also the first to draw Santa wearing a red suit with fur lining, a nightcap, and a black belt with a large buckle.

Prior to Nast's work, Santa's outfit was tan in color, and it was he that changed it to red, although he also drew Santa in a green suit. This change is often mistakenly attributed to the work of Haddon Sundblom, who drew images of Santa in advertising for the Coca-Cola Company since 1931. Although Sundblom's work certainly changed the perception of Santa Claus, the red suit was shown on the covers of Harper's Weekly at least forty years before his work for the soda company was published. The Coca-Cola Company itself has attributed the red color of the suit to Nast's earlier work. Prior to the Coca-Cola advertising, the image of Santa was in a state of flux. He was portrayed in a variety of forms, including both the modern forms and in some cases as a gnome. It was Sundblom's work which standardised the form of Santa to the earlier Nast work, including the red suit outfit.

Design
There are regional differences in the type of suit that Santa Claus wears. Typically in the United States and United Kingdom, he wears a white fur trimmed red jacket and pants with a broad buckled belt, a matching hat, and black boots.  In Continental European countries such as the Low Countries or Austria, with Saint Nicholas still remaining popular, the outfit is closer to that of the saint, being a long robe and a Bishop's mitre.

References

External links

Costume design
Suits (clothing)
Santa Claus
Garnett Adrain

Garnett Bowditch Adrain (December 15, 1815 in New York City – August 17, 1878 in New Brunswick, New Jersey) was an American Democratic Party politician, who was a two-term member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey from 1857 to 1861.

Early life and education
Adrain was born to Robert Adrain and Ann Pollock in a family of seven children. He moved with his parents to New Brunswick, New Jersey where he attended public schools before he graduated from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1833. He went on to study law in his brother's office. Adrain was licensed as an attorney in 1836 and as a counselor in 1839. 

He married Mary Smith Griggs (1817–1886).

U.S. House of Representatives
He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress and as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving in Congress from March 4, 1857 to March 3, 1861, where he represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. He was chairman of the Engraving Committee in both congresses.

He was not a candidate for reelection in 1860 and went back to his profession as an attorney.

Death
He died in New Brunswick on August 17, 1878, and was buried in Van Liew Cemetery, North Brunswick, New Jersey.

Quotes
Secession—peaceable secession, as it is called ... in fact rebellion.
Nothing but a rope of sand, of no strength whatever to hold the States together, and which may be broken at any moment.

Name
The name Bowditch in his name originates from Nathaniel Bowditch, a prominent author who worked with his father.

References

External links

State of the Union Address

1815 births
1878 deaths
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey
19th-century American politicians
Bauknecht

Bauknecht may refer to:

Surnames 
 Philipp Bauknecht (1884-1933), German Expressionist painter
 Gottlob Bauknecht (1892-1976), German engineer

Companies 
 Bauknecht (company)
Jacques Peyrat

Jacques Peyrat (born 18 October 1931 in Belfort) is a French politician and lawyer who was mayor of Nice from 1995 to 2008 and has been senator from the Alpes-Maritimes from 1998 to 2008.

Jacques Peyrat came from a military family that settled in Nice in 1946 where he studied law and letters. In 1947 at the age of 16 he joined the Rally of the French People (Rassemblement du Peuple Français, RPF), the political party that General Charles de Gaulle created that year.

In 1953 Peyrat enlisted in the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion of the French Foreign Legion. It was in French Indochina that he met and became friends with the French politician Jean-Marie Le Pen.

Upon his return to civilian life, Peyrat united his social and professional interests. His presidency of parachute and aeronautical groups won him a silver medal for youth and sports.

In 1962 Peyrat began his political career, at first as a member of the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP), and then in the breakaway Independent Republicans party of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, as a Nice municipal councillor. At the same time, he practiced law with a specialty in penal law.

In 1973 Peyrat rejoined the Front National, Jean-Marie Le Pen's far-right party, and was a Front National deputy from 1986 to 1988, general counsel of the Canton of Nice 14 from 1992 to 1998 and regional councillor.

In 1995 Jacques Peyrat left the Front National and was elected Mayor of Nice with the slogan "Divers droite" (figuratively, An Alternative Right). He was reelected in 2001.

In 1996 he rejoined the RPR. Since September 27, 1998 he has been senator first with then RPR, then with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire, UMP) from the Alpes-Maritimes. In 2002, Peyrat founded la Communauté d'agglomération de Nice-Côte d'Azur and became president of it.

He is also a member of the Superior Council of the Military Reserve (Conseil supérieur de la réserve militaire) and a member of the High Court of Justice (Haute Cour de Justice).

Sources

Entry to Jacques Peyrat in the French Wikipedia, translated from the French
City of Nice official biographical sketch

1931 births
Living people
Politicians from Belfort
Rally of the French People politicians
National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians
Independent Republicans politicians
National Rally (France) politicians
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Mayors of Nice
Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion
French military personnel of the First Indochina War
Members of the Organisation armée secrète
Senators of Alpes-Maritimes
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
New Palace

New Palace can refer to:

 The former name of Topkapı Palace in Istanbul after its completion (in Turkish: Yeni Sarayı)
 New Palace, Potsdam (in German: Neues Palais)
 New Palace, Stuttgart (German: Neues Schloss)
 New Palace, Murshidabad in West Bengal, India
 New Palace, another name for Shree Chhatrapati Shahu Museum, Kolhapur, India
one of the buildings in the Lazzaretto of Manoel Island, Gżira, Malta
Brîndușa Armanca

Brînduşa Armanca (born 1954)  is a Romanian academic and journalist. Holding a PhD in Philology, she has taught journalism at the Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, West University of Timișoara and Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu and is the author of six books on journalism.

A former manager of TVR Timișoara (1997–2004), a regional studio of the public television, she was the editorial director of the Ziua daily in Bucharest, the president of Videovest Association, and board member of Transparency International Romania. Armanca holds many awards for TV documentaries and journalism. From October 2006 she is the director of the Romanian Cultural Institute in Budapest, and from 2010 to 2011 held the presidency of the European Union National Institutes for Culture.

Law suit against TVR 
In August 2007, after a two-year legal battle Armanca won her lawsuit against TVR. Armanca had been fired from TVR after publicly arguing that TVR's terms of employment violated the constitution and European Convention on Human Rights. After this incident the US State Department reported that media watchdog groups had called for a reconsideration of state TV's policies which had been found to be restricting the right of its employees to freely  express themselves and interfering with the public nature of the TVR as an institution.

References

External links
Author's website
Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad:Department of Modern Languages and Social and Human Sciences - Faculty -Brînduşa Armanca's CV (Accessed April 2012)

1954 births
Living people
Romanian journalists
Romanian women journalists
Academic staff of the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Academic staff of the Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad
Academic staff of the West University of Timișoara
Weston Bay

Weston Bay is an inlet of the Bristol Channel in North Somerset, England.

It lies between Brean Down, which is now owned by the National Trust, is rich in wildlife, history and archaeology, and has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest to the south, and Worlebury Hill to the north. Quarrying took place at various places on Worlebury Hill from the late 18th century until the town quarry was abandoned in 1953. Weston Woods, which cover a large part of the hill top, were awarded a Planting Places Award in a  scheme run by Sustainability South West to celebrate "brilliant examples of urban greenspaces" on 6 March 2008.

Much of the bay forms the seafront for Weston-super-Mare. Two piers stick out into the bay. The grade II* listed Birnbeck Pier was designed by Eugenius Birch and opened in 1867. The early 20th century Grand Pier, is supported by 600 iron piles, and is  long. It has been damaged by fire on two occasions, once in 1930 and again in 2008.

Owing to the large rise and fall of the tides in the Bristol Channel, the low tide mark is about a mile from the seafront. Although the beach itself is sandy, further seawards the shore is thick mud, which is very dangerous to walk in and is crossed by the mouth of the River Axe. From the bay, views of the islands of Flat Holm and Steep Holm are visible.

References

Bays of Somerset
Weston-super-Mare
WSPN

WSPN (Skidmore College) is a non-commercial college radio station located at 91.1 MHz and broadcasts from Saratoga Springs, New York, United States.

External links
 WSPN website

SPN
Radio stations established in 1955
1955 establishments in New York (state)
Fisherman's Wharf (Monterey, California)

Fisherman's Wharf is a historic wharf in Monterey, California, United States. Used as an active wholesale fish market into the 1960s, the wharf eventually became a tourist attraction as commercial fishing tapered off in the area.

Fisherman's Wharf is technically known as The Old Fisherman's Wharf, to distinguish it from the current commercial wharf (known as Municipal Wharf #2).

History

Fisherman's Wharf was built by the Pacific Coast Steamship Company in 1870 for the loading and unloading of passengers and goods. The wharf was also used by other commercial operations, and the city of Monterey took ownership in 1913. The wharf was expanded through 1920.

In 1923, while an unusually large shipment of sardines was being loaded onto the S.S. San Antonio, bad weather caused the ship to lean on the wharf, and 132 feet of the wharf collapsed. When the wharf was reconstructed, it was extended by 750 feet.

Municipal Wharf II was constructed in 1926. After World War II, the sardine population in Monterey Bay collapsed. With the contraction of the fishing industry, Old Fisherman's Wharf reoriented its business focus toward tourism.

Current use

Fisherman's Wharf is lined with seafood restaurants ranging from casual, open-air clam bars, to formal indoor dining with views of the bay. Along with Cannery Row, Fisherman's Wharf is one of the few areas in Monterey that sells souvenirs, so the restaurants are interspersed with gift shops, jewelry stores, art galleries, and candy shops. Whale watching tours and fishing trips leave from the wharf, and sea lions often sleep on the pilings, buoys, and moored boats in the bay.

At the entrance to the wharf is Custom House Plaza, the historical center of Monterey. Here you will find the Custom House, the first government building in California and the location where the United States took Monterey from Mexico in 1846. The Monterey Maritime Museum is also located in Custom House Plaza, detailing both the maritime and cultural history of Monterey and the surrounding area. Many other historic buildings are located in this plaza. It is also the location of the last whalebone sidewalk in the United States.

Accessible almost exclusively to pedestrians, Fisherman's Wharf is located at the end of the Alvarado Mall, just west of the municipal wharf on Lighthouse Avenue. It is also on the Coastal Recreation Trail, providing pedestrian access to Cannery Row and Pacific Grove From Memorial Day to Labor Day the city of Monterey provides a free trolley service to Cannery Row and the Monterey Bay Aquarium. A favorite activity on the wharf, for both tourists and locals, is sailing on the Monterey Bay along Cannery Row.

See also
Old Fisherman's Grotto

References

External links
Official Monterey Fisherman's Wharf website

Buildings and structures in Monterey, California
Monterey Bay
Wharves in the United States
Landmarks in California
Tourist attractions in Monterey, California
STU-I

The STU-I, like its successors sometimes known as a "stew phone", was a secure telephone developed by the U.S. National Security Agency for use by senior U.S. government officials in the 1970s.

See also
KY-3
Navajo I
STU-II
STU-III
SCIP

References

External links
Crypto Museum - STU I
Delusion.org - National Cryptologic Museum pictures

National Security Agency encryption devices
Secure communication
Pedocal

Pedocal is a subdivision of the zonal soil order.  It is a class of soil which forms in semiarid and arid regions. It is rich in calcium carbonate and has low soil organic matter. With only a thin A horizon (topsoil), and intermittent precipitation calcite, other soluble minerals ordinarily removed by water may build up in the B horizon (subsoil) forming a cemented layer known as caliche. It is not used in the current United States system of soil classification but the term commonly shows up in college geology texts.

See also 
 Pedalfer
 USDA soil taxonomy

References 

Pedology
Types of soil
Alkaline soils
Rip It Up (Dead or Alive album)

Rip It Up is a greatest hits album released by Dead or Alive in 1987 on Epic Records.  It contains eight singles from their two prior albums, Youthquake (1985) and Mad, Bad, and Dangerous to Know (1986), segued together much like a DJ-mix.  No new songs were included on this album, although the versions present here are alternate versions that were created by editing different 12-inch mixes together, creating unique track lengths and sounds.

A new Japanese version entitled Rip It Up +1 was released in 2004 that included one bonus track.

Track listing

References

External links
 

1987 greatest hits albums
Dead or Alive (band) compilation albums
Albums produced by Stock Aitken Waterman
Epic Records compilation albums
Shaunavon

Shaunavon can refer to:

 Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada
Shaunavon (electoral district), a former provincial electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada
Shaunavon Airport, an airport near Shaunavon, Saskatchewan
 Shaunavon Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Audio post production

Audio post-production is all stages of audio production relating to sound produced and synchronized with moving picture (film, television, or video). It involves sound design, sound effects, Foley, ADR, sound editing, audio mixing, mastering etc.

Film
In filmmaking, audio post-production is the creation and manipulation of audio that is synchronized with a moving picture. This includes, but is often distinguished from production audio, which is the audio recorded as filming occurs. Most other aspects of audio for moving pictures occur during the post-production phase, everything is done after filming. This also may include sound design or the creation of sound effects, which can occur during pre-production, production, or post-production. This applies to television, cinema and commercials. One major aspect of audio post-production is the use of automatic dialogue replacement (ADR).

Sometimes the original production audio lacks in performance or quality, and one or more actors work in a sound studio to record some or all of their dialogue from the project.  Other elements such as Foley, music and voiceover are also added during post-production.

Music
In music, audio post-production includes processes such as mixing and mastering. The audio engineering community more commonly refers to these processes as music production.

Vocal media
Reworking and enhancing voice-based media is prevalent in the form of noise reduction and volume normalization. With the emergence of podcasts, audio post-production with a focus on vocals has become more common. Sound recording devices with different characteristics and capabilities such as dynamic range have led to increased demand for consistent sound. With many techniques being adjusted specifically for vocal audio, the field is becoming more understood as unique to music production.

References

Further reading 
Rose, Jay, Producing Great Sound for Film and Video. Focal Press, fourth edition 2014 Book info. 

Music production
California State Route 219

State Route 219 (SR 219) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs north of Modesto in Stanislaus County. It serves as a connector along Kiernan Avenue between State Route 99 and State Route 108.

Route description
The route begins at an interchange with SR 99 in Salida. It then heads east, out of the city, as Kiernan Avenue. The east end of SR 219 is at State Route 108 in Stanislaus County, due north of Modesto. Other than Salida, the route runs through rural farmland and does not connect between any population centers.

SR 219 is not part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History
In 2009,  of SR 219 were expanded to 4 lanes with a center median.  As of November 2010, a study was underway to determine the feasibility of reconstructing the State Route 99/State Route 219 interchange to handle projected future demand.

In January 2015 the old Kiernan Avenue overpass for the SR 99 interchange was demolished, to make way for the new SR 99 interchange. Traffic was shifted over to a small portion of the new interchange that had been completed during the demolition, so that traffic would still be able to pass over SR 99.

June 20, 2016, marked the completion of a $42 million, three-year project to build an interchange with SR 99 in Salida. $33.4 million was paid for by the state through a bond measure while the remainder came from fees charged by Stanislaus County to developers. The new interchange provided a wider overpass, more room for entering traffic and a new bike lane.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

California @ AARoads.com - State Route 219
California Highways: SR 219

219
State Route 219
Real Simple

Real Simple (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly magazine published by Dotdash Meredith. The magazine features articles and information related to homemaking, childcare, cooking, and emotional well-being. The magazine is distinguished by its clean, uncluttered style of layout and photos. In 2013 it had approximately 7.6 million readers, 90% of whom were women. Headquartered in New York City, the magazine is currently edited by Sarah Collins, who began serving as interim editor-in-chief in September 2016 after the departure of previous editor Kristin van Ogtrop.

Real Simple expanded to include a TV show of the same name, with two seasons of a half-hour program airing on PBS in 2006–2007. A TLC show entitled Real Simple Real Life aired over two seasons in 2008–2009.

Real Simple in other media

Applications 
In December 2010, Real Simple launched its first application, "No Time to Cook?", on the iTunes Store sponsored by Sara Lee's Hillshire Farms. It targets iPhone, Android, and iPad users and features over 850 step-by-step recipes.

In 2010, Real Simple added another app titled Real Simple To-Do Lists to its array of apps. To-Do Lists helps users organize their lives into lists.

Additionally, on Mother's Day 2012, Real Simple created a Gift Guide app available on the Apple App Store that had a selection of items for people to buy. Users also had the option to donate to the launch partner, March of Dimes.

Editor 
 Sarah Collins

Directors 
 Heather Muir—Beauty Director
 Victoria Sanchez-Lincoln—Fashion Director
 Dawn Perry—Food Director
 Betsy Goldberg—Home Director

References

External links
 Official Site
 PBS Web Site

2000s American television news shows
2006 American television series debuts
Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
IAC (company)
Magazines established in 2000
Magazines published in New York City
PBS original programming
Television series by WGBH
Nude (Dead or Alive album)

Nude is the fourth studio album by British pop group Dead or Alive, released in Japan, December 1988 and in Europe and U.S.A. July 1989 on Epic Records. The band lost their foothold in the UK and U.S. charts with this album, but it proved to be a massive success in Japan, where the single "Turn Around and Count 2 Ten" spent 147 days at number one.  "Come Home (With Me Baby)" also topped the U.S. Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.  Much like their greatest hits package Rip It Up, the songs on Nude run together with no spaces in between to create a non-stop DJ-mix type presentation.

A companion remix album was released in Japan shortly after with the title Nude – Remade Remodelled.

Track listing
All tracks written by Pete Burns and Steve Coy.

Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes.

Dead or Alive
Pete Burns – vocals
Mike Percy – bass guitar, guitars
Tim Lever – keyboards
Steve Coy – drums

Additional personnel
Andy Stennet – additional keyboards
Tracy Ackerman, Laura Pallas, Jackie Raw – backing vocals

Production
All tracks produced, arranged and mixed by Pete Burns and Steve Coy
Tracks 1, 3 & 5 engineered and mixed by Bruce Robins, re-recorded and mixed by Phil Bodger
House engineers: Paul Cartledge, Simon Clay
Assistant engineers: Benjamin Hallowell, Garrison III
Recorded and mixed at Good Earth Studios, London
Digitally edited by Simon Everett at Mayfair
Photography: Paul Cox, Peter Brown, Marti & Pierre Chan

Chart performance

References

External links

1988 albums
Dead or Alive (band) albums
Epic Records albums
TorilMUD

TorilMUD is a MUD, a text-based online role-playing game, and is one of the oldest and largest of its kind.

Game characteristics

TorilMUD is set in the Forgotten Realms Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting.  (Toril is the name of the planet where the continent Faerûn, which "Forgotten Realms" refers to, is located.)  Its technical infrastructure is based on the Sequent derivative of the DikuMUD codebase.

History

Kris Kortright, a developer from the MUD Black Knights Realm, founded Sojourn, set in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, in 1993, along with Tim Devlin and John Bashaw. Sojourn was based on the Sequent codebase, the Epic spell system, and areas from Black Knights Realm.  The City of Waterdeep was the first zone built entirely for Sojourn. Brad McQuaid was an avid player of Sojourn. Seeing the commercial potential of virtual worlds in the course of his MUD career, he went on to create EverQuest. With Kris’ permission, used it as the model for the city of Freeport in EverQuest. In 1996, due to creative differences between developers, Sojourn was forked into two projects, TorilMUD and Duris: Land of Bloodlust.

The developers had also previously worked on Copper II, Copper III and Black Knights Realm.  The oldest zone on TorilMUD, the Lava Tubes, comes from Copper II, and the Underworld and Alterian Wilderness zones are from Black Knights Realm.

Sojourn was based on the Sequent codebase, the Epic spell system, and areas from Black Knights Realm.  The City of Waterdeep was the first zone built entirely for Sojourn, and remains TorilMUDs most heavily populated hometown. Brad McQuaid, with Kris’ permission, used it as the model for the city of Freeport in EverQuest.

Sojourn continued until 1996, when a difference in creative vision among the staff led to the project being forked into TorilMUD and Duris: Land of Bloodlust.  Of the two, TorilMUD is regarded as the more direct inheritor of Sojourns legacy.  Toril continued until 1998, when it became Sojourn 2, and underwent another rebirth in 2001 as Sojourn 3.  Kris retired in 2003, and Sojourn 3 was reborn as TorilMUD. (Or, as the old-time players refer to it, Toril 2.) Throughout these rebirths, the areas and code continued to grow: there are currently 300 zones (with several more nearing completion), 16277 types of monsters/mobs, and 13753 different items.

Many TorilMUD staff members were staff on Sojourn 3, Sojourn 2, and some are even from Toril 1, providing a degree of continuity.  All Toril staff started as players on the MUD, giving them a great deal of personal experience with the game.

Brad McQuaid was an avid player of Sojourn and, after its demise, TorilMUD.  Seeing the commercial potential of virtual worlds in the course of his MUD career, he went on to create EverQuest.

Reception and impact 
An Engadget article from 2011 noted TorilMUD for its direct influence on the MMO industry.

References

External links
 

1996 video games
Fan fiction
Fantasy video games
Forgotten Realms video games
MUD games
Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren-Pristina

The Diocese of Prizren and Pristina (, , ) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Kosovo. It is centred in the city of Prizren. It was erected as an apostolic administration in 2000, after being split from the Diocese of Skopje and Prizren, and elevated to the rank of diocese in 2018.

The first apostolic administrator of Prizren was titular bishop Marko Sopi of Celerina, who served from 2000 to 2006. He was succeeded by former bishop Dodë Gjergji of Sapë, who served as apostolic administrator of Prizren and currently serves as the first diocesan bishop.

History
The modern Apostolic Administration of Prizren covers the approximate territory of the former Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren that was a titular see known as Prisriana. During the later period of Ottoman rule in the 19th century, there were several initiatives for organization of a regular diocese. In 1912, the region of Prizren came under the rule of the Kingdom of Serbia. To regulate the status of the Catholic Church, the government of Serbia concluded an official agreement (concordat) with the Holy See on 24 June 1914. By the second article of the Concordat, it was decided that the Diocese of Skopje should be created as a regular diocese for all newly annexed regions (including Prizren), and it was also agreed that it would be placed under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belgrade that was about to be created. Because of the breakout of the First World War, those provisions could not be fully implemented, and only after 1918 new arrangements were made.
 
During the time of the first Yugoslavia (1918–1941), there were some new initiatives towards the creation of a local diocese in Prizren. During the Second World War, the last titular bishop of Prisriana was appointed in 1942 (Ivan Romanoff), but he never came to Prizren. Only in 1969 was the name Prizren Diocese joined with the name Skopje Diocese, thus creating Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje and Prizren. In 2000, jurisdictions were split, and the portion in Kosovo became the Apostolic Administration of Prizren, while the Diocese of Skopje returned to its former name.

On September 5, 2018, the apostolic administration was elevated to the rank of diocese but remained as an immediately subject to the Holy See.

See also
 Catholic Church in Serbia
 Catholic Church in Kosovo
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje

References

External links
 Catholic Hierarchy: Apostolic Administration of Prizren
 GCatholic.org: Apostolic Administration of Prizren

Catholic Church in Kosovo
Catholic Church in Serbia
Culture in Prizren
Roman Catholic dioceses in Serbia
Benjamin Bosse High School

Benjamin Bosse High School, referred to as Evansville Bosse High School by the IHSAA, is a public high school of the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation in Evansville, Indiana, United States. Bosse is the third smallest high school by enrollment of Vanderburgh County's nine high schools. The school is a contributing property to the Lincolnshire Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

The school was initially financed by Benjamin Bosse, who was the mayor of Evansville from 1914 to 1922. Construction began on the school in 1922 and opened for its first pupils in 1924, serving what was then the east side of Evansville.

Bosse's boys basketball team won the state championship in 1944 the first area team to do so. The school won again in 1945 and 1962. Bosse's band marched in the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida on New Year's Eve in 1970-1971 and also played in the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Munich, Germany.

Sports

Also see: Sports in Evansville

State Titles

 Boys Basketball (1943–44), (1944–45), (1961–62)

Notable alumni
 Marty Amsler, former National Football League defensive end
 Pete Fox, Major League Baseball player from 1933 to 1945.
 Roy Halston Frowick, fashion designer
 Arad McCutchan, Hall of Fame basketball coach, University of Evansville
 Michael Michele, actress, best known for ER
 Talitha Washington, mathematician and STEM education activist at Howard University
 Roger H. Zion, U.S. congressman for Indiana (1967–1975)

See also
 List of high schools in Indiana

References

External links
Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation
Bosse High School web page
Digitized yearbooks, Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library

High schools in Southwestern Indiana
Schools in Evansville, Indiana
Public high schools in Indiana
Southern Indiana Athletic Conference
1924 establishments in Indiana
Educational institutions established in 1924
Centered tree

In the mathematical subfield of graph theory, a centered tree is a tree with only one center, and a bicentered tree is a tree with two centers.

Given a graph, the eccentricity of a vertex  is defined as the greatest distance from  to any other vertex. A center of a graph is a vertex with minimal eccentricity. A graph can have an arbitrary number of centers. However,  has proved that for trees, there are only two possibilities:
 The tree has precisely one center (centered trees).
 The tree has precisely two centers (bicentered trees). In this case, the two centers are adjacent.
A proof of this fact is given, for example, by Harary.

Notes

References

External links
 
 

Trees (graph theory)
Freedom Foundation

Freedom Foundation may refer to:

 The Freedom Foundation (Washington) located in Olympia, Washington, formerly known as the Evergreen Freedom Foundation
 The Freedoms Foundation located in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

See also
Freedoms Foundation

The Freedoms Foundation is an American non-profit, non-partisan, non-sectarian educational organization, founded in 1949. The foundation is located adjacent to the Valley Forge National Historical Park, near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

Bill of Responsibilities
In 1985, the foundation developed a "Bill of Responsibilities" as part of its worldwide educational efforts. It was meant to be a corollary to the Bill of Rights.

Medal of Honor Grove
As part of its mission to promote responsible citizenship, character and freedom, the foundation maintains a grove dedicated to recipients of the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor. The Medal of Honor Grove consists of forty-two acres of woodland. Within the grove, each area is dedicated to one of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Each acre contains an obelisk that features a dedication plaque, plus the seal of that state, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico, plus a list of Medal of Honor recipients from that state, D.C., or Puerto Rico. In most cases, a tree has been planted for each recipient, along with a tree marker that contains the name, rank, unit, and date and place of action for the recipient. "America's Walk of Honor" was dedicated in April 1997, to allow visitors an opportunity to walk the grounds of the Medal of Honor Grove. American artist Peter Max designed the first stone on the Walk of Honor.

At the foundation are ninety volumes of research on Medal of Honor recipients, including photographs, sketches, biographies, and handwritten citations.

The grove is supported by the Friends of the Medal of Honor Grove, a nonprofit organization which seeks to maintain and upgrade the fifty-two acres of the woodland park, in honor of Medal of Honor recipients.

Gallery

Involvement with the Boy Scouts of America

Since 1949, Freedoms Foundation and the Boy Scouts of America have worked together, including with the creation of the "Price of Freedom" conference, a four-day residential program where participants interact with experts on current issues of citizenship, patriotism, leadership, and heroism.

References

External links 
Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge

Valley Forge
Non-profit organizations based in Pennsylvania
Organizations established in 1949
1949 establishments in Pennsylvania
Brotherus

Brotherus is a surname used first around 1600 by Stephan Sigfridi Brotherus, who was a priest in the town of Vantaa in Finland. There are currently about 100 people alive with this surname, most of whom are living in Finland.

Notable people
The botanist Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus was a well-known bearer of the name. Many living and deceased members of the family can be found from the Brotherus family database maintained by Robert Johannes Brotherus.

Elina Brotherus is a photographer who attended the Helsinki School.

Robert Brotherus is an American rally driver of Finnish origin, who helped bring back the Mount Washington Hillclimb Auto Race.

References
Illinois Route 61

Illinois Route 61 (IL 61) is a rural state road in western Illinois that runs north and east from Illinois Route 96 in Ursa to the intersection of U.S. Route 136  west of Tennessee. Illinois route 61 is  long.

Route description

Illinois 61 starts in Ursa at the intersection of County Route 6, Illinois Route 96 (IL 96), and itself. After a short concurrency with IL 96, it travels northeast through farmland, passing Mendon. Shortly afterwards, it runs concurrently with the partially grade-separated Illinois Route 336 (IL 336) northwards. It splits off and east just south of Loraine, and travels north concurrent with Illinois Route 94 (IL 94), splitting off to the east afterwards in Bowen. It intersects Illinois Route 101 (IL 101) and heads north once again. Its northern terminus is at U.S. 136.

History
SBI Route 61 was originally established in 1924 was the route between Richmond and Crystal Lake in northeastern Illinois. This route is now part of Illinois Route 31.

This route was established after 1937, when SBI Route 61 was removed from the Richmond to Crystal Lake route in northeastern Illinois.  Since the route was established, it has served as the major route between Quincy, IL and Macomb, IL, bypassing Carthage, Illinois.  The route crosses the LaMoine River south of Colmar and parallels the Quincy branch of the old Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad along sections of its route.

The route is currently designated as a Class II Truck Route.

Major intersections

See also
Illinois Route 336

References

External links

 Illinois State Route 61, Adams County
 Illinois State Route 336, Adams County
 Illinois Highway Ends: Illinois Route 61

061
Transportation in Adams County, Illinois
Transportation in Hancock County, Illinois
Transportation in McDonough County, Illinois
Fan the Flame (Part 1)

Fan the Flame (Part 1) is the fifth studio album from English band Dead or Alive, released in 1990. Epic Records released Fan the Flame (Part 1) in Japan only. The album remained an exclusive in this territory until the worldwide release of the Sophisticated Boom Box MMXVI compilation box set in 2016.

The album was a slight change in the band's musical style towards more melancholic lyrics and refined vocals from Burns.  The background vocals on "Total Stranger" were performed by British pop group Londonbeat and the London Community Gospel Choir provided backing vocals for "Unhappy Birthday".

The song "My Love's on the Line" was also recorded for the album and performed live in 1990 but went unreleased. In 2020, the master tape was discovered in Steve Coy's personal collection and the track was released on the Invincible reissue set the following year.

A follow-up album, Fan the Flame (Part 2), also began recording in 1990 but was abandoned until posthumous completion in 2021.

An acoustic album Love, Pete was also made available during a US personal appearance tour in 1992 and was since widely bootlegged with the title Fan the Flame (Part 2): The Acoustic Sessions. Pete strongly criticized its subsequent distribution.

In Japan, they released the singles "Your Sweetness (Is Your Weakness)" (JPN#3), "Unhappy Birthday" (JPN#14) and "Gone 2 Long" (JPN#18). The album peaked at number 27 on the Japanese Albums Chart.

Track listing

Personnel
Pete Burns – vocals
Peter Oxendale – keyboards
Steve Coy – drums, keyboards, bass guitar, guitars

Additional personnel
Billy Currie – electric viola
Tracy Ackerman – backing vocals
Londonbeat – male backing vocals
London Community Gospel Choir – additional backing vocals

Technical
Tim Weidner – co-producer
Mickey Mulligan – engineer

References

1990 albums
Dead or Alive (band) albums
Epic Records albums
Rachel Bubar Kelly

Rachel Bubar Kelly (November 22, 1922 — January 14, 2002) was the Prohibition Party candidate for United States Vice President in the 1996 presidential election as the running mate of Earl F. Dodge.  Dodge had in the past been the running mate of her brother Ben Bubar.

Kelly was a graduate of Colby College (1947) and a President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

References

1922 births
2002 deaths
Colby College alumni
1996 United States vice-presidential candidates
20th-century American politicians
Prohibition Party (United States) vice presidential nominees
Maine Prohibitionists
Female candidates for Vice President of the United States
20th-century American women politicians
Presidents of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union
American temperance activists
List of Durio species

Among the thirty known species of Durio, so far eleven species have been identified to produce edible fruits. However, there are many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly described and it is likely that other species with edible fruit exist. The currently known nine species of edible durians are:

The other species, which haven't been identified to produce edible fruits are:

See also
 List of durian diseases and pests

References

Durio
Durio List
Durio List
Durio List
Durio List
Pygmy shark

The pygmy shark (Euprotomicrus bispinatus), the second-smallest of all the shark species after the dwarf lanternshark, is a squaliform shark of the family Dalatiidae, the only member of the genus Euprotomicrus. Their lengths are up to about 25 cm (10 in) for females and about 22 cm (8.7 in) for males.

Pygmy sharks are ovoviviparous and produce about eight young in each litter.

Conservation status 
In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the pygmy shark as "Not Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

References

Dalatiidae
Taxa named by Jean René Constant Quoy
Taxa named by Joseph Paul Gaimard
Fish described in 1824
List of solar eclipses in the 21st century

During the 21st century, there will be 224 solar eclipses of which 77 will be partial, 73 will be annular, 68 will be total and 7 will be hybrids between total and annular eclipses. Of these, two annular and one total eclipse will be non-central, in the sense that the very center (axis) of the Moon's shadow will miss the Earth (for more information see gamma). In the 21st century, the greatest number of eclipses in one year is four, in 2011, 2029, 2047, 2065, 2076, and 2094. The predictions given here are by Fred Espenak of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

At this point, the longest measured duration in which the Moon completely covered the Sun, known as totality, was during the solar eclipse of July 22, 2009. This total solar eclipse had a maximum duration of 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds. The longest possible duration of a total solar eclipse is 7 minutes and 32 seconds. The longest annular solar eclipse of the 21st century took place on January 15, 2010, with a duration of 11 minutes and 7.8 seconds. The maximum possible duration is 12 minutes and 29 seconds. The eclipse of May 20, 2050, will be the second hybrid eclipse in the span of less than one year, the first one being on November 25, 2049.

The table contains the date and time of the greatest eclipse (in dynamical time, which in this case is the time when the axis of the Moon's shadow cone passes closest to the centre of Earth; this is in (Ephemeris Time). The number of the saros series that the eclipse belongs to is given, followed by the magnitude of the eclipse (the fraction of the Sun's diameter obscured by the Moon) and the type of the eclipse (either total, annular, partial or hybrid). For total and annular eclipses, the duration of the eclipse is given, as well as the location of the greatest eclipse (the point of maximum eclipse) and the path width of the total or annular eclipse. The geographical areas from which the eclipse can be seen are listed.

Eclipses

See also 

List of solar eclipses in the 18th century
List of solar eclipses in the 19th century
List of solar eclipses in the 20th century
List of lunar eclipses in the 21st century

References
 Acknowledgement: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Bibliography

21st century-related lists
+21
Pierre-Alain Frau

Pierre-Alain Frau (born 15 April 1980) is a French former professional footballer. He played as a striker or winger for Sochaux (two spells), Lyon, Lens, Paris Saint-Germain, Lille, and Caen in France and for Al-Wakrah.

Career
Nicknamed PAF after his initials, Frau was born on 15 April 1980 in Montbéliard, France, where he became a young find of his hometown club FC Sochaux-Montbéliard, and it was there he got his first opportunity to play in the France national league.

After completing what would have been a prospective move to Lyon from Montbéliard, he found his playing time in the 2004–05 season hampered by the presence of other established frontmen like Sylvain Wiltord, Nilmar and later, John Carew. Realising that it was a World Cup year with a slim chance to catch the attention of national coach Raymond Domenech, Frau secured a half-season loan to RC Lens, but failed to make the cut to the final France squad. Frau was called up to the senior France squad by Raymond Domenech in August 2004 but did not make it off the bench. For the following season, RC Lens wanted to keep him in Lens, but Frau preferred a move to Paris Saint-Germain. The transfer fee was not disclosed, but Olympique Lyonnais priced the striker at £4 million.

On 1 January 2008, Frau signed a three-and-a-half year deal with Lille and was given the shirt number 17.

Frau is known as one of the more famous players at his hometown club FC Sochaux-Montbéliard.

Honors
Sochaux
 Coupe de la Ligue: 2003–04
 Ligue 2: 2000–01

Lyon
 Ligue 1: 2004–05
 Trophée des Champions: 2004, 2005

Lille
 Ligue 1: 2010–11
 Coupe de France: 2010–11

References

External links
 
 
 Profile and pictures of Frau 

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Montbéliard
Footballers from Doubs
French men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
France men's under-21 international footballers
France men's youth international footballers
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Qatar Stars League players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Olympique Lyonnais players
RC Lens players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players
Lille OSC players
Stade Malherbe Caen players
Al-Wakrah SC players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar