alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Notre Dame, Our Mother

"Notre Dame, Our Mother" is the alma mater (official song of devotion) of the University of Notre Dame, a private, Catholic research university in northern Indiana. The song is addressed to "Notre Dame", a reference to both the university and its patroness and namesake, the Blessed Virgin Mary. Joseph Casasanta, a 1923 Notre Dame graduate, composed the song and it was first performed at coach Knute Rockne's funeral in 1931.

The Rev. Charles O'Donnell, C.S.C., president of the university at the time of composition, wrote the song's lyrics in honor of the university's patroness, Mary, the Mother of Jesus.  Besides the usual role an alma mater plays for the school, it is part of the post-game show of the Band of the Fighting Irish and is the traditional conclusion to Notre Dame pep rallies, football games, other sporting events, and major religious services, often sung before the last hymn at Mass. When singing the alma mater, students often put their arms over each other's shoulders and sway as they sing.  This is especially common at the end of home football games.

Song notes 
 Notre Dame is French for "Our Lady" and refers to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the patroness of the school (many churches and chapels in France are dedicated to her under this name, such as the famous church in Paris, just as in Spanish-speaking countries they are dedicated to "Nuestra Señora"). The priests who founded the university in 1842 came from France;
 There is a double meaning in Notre Dame, simultaneously referring to both the school and to the Virgin Mary. Alma mater in Latin literally means "dear mother".
  Notre Dame Educational Association, Inc, a network of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines, adopted the alma mater song "Notre Dame, Our Mother"

See also
Mother of the Church

References

External links
University of Notre Dame
Regilding the Dome
Notre Dame, Our Mother

Alma mater songs
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
American college songs
University of Notre Dame
Columbia River redband trout

The Columbia River redband trout, the inland redband trout or the interior redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) is one of three redband trout subspecies of the rainbow trout in the family Salmonidae. It is native in the Columbia River and its tributaries in Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Montana. It includes sea-run anadromous forms, which are known as redband steelhead. Also the large Kamloops rainbow trout is included.

References

Oncorhynchus
Columbia River
Trout, Columbia
Trout, Columbia
Trout, Columbia
Trout, Columbia
Natural history of Idaho
Natural history of Montana
Natural history of Oregon
Natural history of Washington (state)
Little Charity Island

Little Charity Island is a small island in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron.  The 5.4-acre (0.02 km2) island is located in Sims Township, Arenac County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  Acquired by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1999, it is administered by staff from the Seney National Wildlife Refuge as a unit of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge.

Little Charity Island is located in the middle of the bay, inland from its larger neighbor, Big Charity Island.  It rises approximately halfway between "Point Lookout" to the northwest and "Sand Point" to the southeast.  The island is home to some riparian tree life, and is home to colony-nesting waterbirds, including double-crested cormorants.  Many bay fishermen use the island as a navigation point.

Little Charity Island was once called Ile de Traverse, according to an 1839 map of Michigan.  In the 19th century and early 20th century Little Charity was owned by Bay Port Fish Company, a commercial fishing company in Saginaw Bay, for its riparian water rights.  After the 1940s, when Michigan law changed, the island was sold as were other islands in the bay.

External links
Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Saginaw Bay holdings

References

Protected areas of Arenac County, Michigan
Uninhabited islands of Michigan
Islands of Lake Huron in Michigan
Islands of Arenac County, Michigan
Saginaw Bay
Great Basin redband trout

The Great Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) is one of three redband trout subspecies of the rainbow trout in the western United States.

The Great Basin redband trout is native to drainages in south central Oregon east of the Cascade range, extreme north east California and extreme north west Nevada.  They occur in seven isolated drainages—the Upper Klamath Lake basin, Fort Rock basin, Harney-Malheur basin, Catlow basin, Warner Lakes basin, Goose Lake basin, and the Chewaucan basin.

References

Further reading
 Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-399).  Passed October 30, 2000.  (While not an officially designated threatened or endangered species, the redband Trout is recognized as important resource, and this law sets aside land in Oregon for protection and research of redband Trout.)

Oncorhynchus
Trout, Great Basin
Trout, Great Basin
Trout, Great Basin
Fauna of the Great Basin
Trout, Great Basin
Trout, Great Basin
Trout, Great Basin
Natural history of Modoc County, California
~
Fauna without expected TNC conservation status
Monteith, County Down

Monteith () is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 126 people. It lies within the Banbridge District area.

References 

NI Neighbourhood Information System

See also 

List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland

Villages in County Down
Reinhard Goebel

Reinhard Goebel (; born 31 July 1952 in Siegen, West Germany) is a German conductor and violinist specialising in early music on authentic instruments and professor for historical performance at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. Goebel received his first violin lessons at the age of twelve. He studied the violin with , the leader of the Collegium Aureum, Saschko Gawriloff, an expert in difficult modern scores, and baroque violinists  in The Hague and Eduard Melkus in Vienna.

In 1973 Goebel founded his early music ensemble Musica Antiqua Köln that he led until its dissolution in 2007. He has been an important figure in early music and, for example, was instrumental in rediscovering the music of composers such as Marc-Antoine Charpentier and the Dresden court composers Johann David Heinichen and Jan Dismas Zelenka.

External links
Reinhard Goebel biography, Bach-Cantatas.com

German male conductors (music)
German classical violinists
Male classical violinists
German male violinists
1952 births
Living people
German performers of early music
Baroque-violin players
21st-century German conductors (music)
21st-century classical violinists
21st-century German male musicians
IBM Chiphopper

Chiphopper is a component of the IBM eServer products specifically tailored to the Linux operating system. IBM developed the server products in a collaborative effort with Red Hat and Novell of SUSE Linux ownership at the time. The official name of the product suite is IBM Systems Application Advantage for Linux. Chiphopper is a set of system support and testing tools designed to assist development and porting of Linux x86 applications onto other IBM systems and middleware platforms. The Chiphopper offering helps developers whose applications run on x86 Linux systems by providing tools to scrub their C/C++ code for portability prior to porting to Power ISA and System z systems. Source hardware platforms for 32- and 64-bit applications are x86, EM64T, and AMD systems running Linux Standard Base (LSB) 3.x certified Linux distributions.

References

Linux software
IBM software
Gilles-Courteau Trophy

The Gilles-Courteau Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League to the league's playoffs champion. On February 21, 2023, the President's Cup was renamed in honor of Gilles Courteau who announced his retirement as Commissioner on December 16, 2022.

Winners

Teams that went on to win the Memorial Cup are listed in bold font.

See also
J. Ross Robertson Cup - OHL
Ed Chynoweth Cup - WHL

References

External links
 QMJHL official site List of trophy winners.

Quebec Major Junior Hockey League trophies and awards
1970 establishments in Quebec
Awards established in 1970
Santa Teresa station

Santa Teresa station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA).  This station is the southern terminus of the Blue Line of the VTA Light Rail system. It was built in the late 1980s as part of the original Guadalupe Line, the first segment of light rail that stretched to Tasman in northern San Jose.

Santa Teresa station is located just south of State Route 85, near Santa Teresa Boulevard in the Santa Teresa neighborhood in southern San Jose, California. It is a major local transit center, and as such is the terminus of several bus routes. It is served by a shuttle to IBM's campus in South San Jose.

Service

Station layout

Connecting transit 
 VTA Bus: , , Express , Express , Express 

The station is also served by a shuttle to the IBM campus.

References

External links 

Santa Teresa park & ride lot info at VTA

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
Railway stations in San Jose, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
1987 establishments in California
Telligent Community

Telligent Community is a community and collaboration software platform developed by Telligent Systems and was first released in 2004.

Telligent Community is built on the Telligent Evolution platform, with a variety of core applications running on top of it such as blogs, forums, media galleries, and wikis. Additional applications from third parties using the API's and REST stack can be installed or integrated with the platform.

Telligent Community is built with ASP.NET, C#, and Microsoft SQL Server. It is available as downloadable software that can be installed on a web server or via hosting providers. The current version is Verint Community 12.0 which was released February 2012. The product used to be named Community Server before being rebranded as part of the 5.0 release.

History
Telligent Systems was founded by Rob Howard in 2004, who was previously part of Microsoft's ASP.NET team. Telligent introduced its first product, Community Server, in the fall of 2004. Community Server was one of the first integrated community platforms that brought together blogs, photo galleries, wikis, forums, user profiles and more. Community Server was based on the merger of three then-widely used open source ASP.NET projects: the ASP.NET Forums, nGallery photo gallery, and .Text blog engine. The people behind those projects (Scott Watermasysk, Jason Alexander, and Rob Howard) joined together as Telligent Systems and along with several other software developers created Community Server 1.0.

Between 2004 and 2009 Community Server steadily grew in scope, features, and capabilities. In 2008 Telligent Systems released a second version of Community Server that targeted as an Enterprise Social Software platform used to create and manage internal employee communities and intranets. Originally branded as Community Server Evolution this was later renamed Telligent Enterprise.

Telligent also announced a new Enterprise Reporting platform at its first Community Server Developers Conference in 2008, which was later renamed Harvest. It was one of the first analytics suites for enterprise collaboration software, and provides social analytics including sentiment analysis, social fingerprints, and buzz analysis on social networking sites such as Twitter.

Telligent rebranded all of its products on June 23, 2009 at the Enterprise 2.0 conference when it launched its new Evolution platform product suite. Community Server became known as Telligent Community, Community Server Evolution became known as Telligent Enterprise and the underlying platform that both run on is now referred to as Telligent Evolution. The Social Analytics suite was renamed Telligent Analytics.

See also
 Comparison of Internet forum software
 Weblog software

References

Further reading

 Press Release for Community Server Hosted Edition Beta

External links
 Official Telligent Community product site

Blog software
Internet forum software
Content management systems
Groupware
Proprietary wiki software
Web applications
2004 software
Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle

The men's 100 metre freestyle was one of the four swimming events on the Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The 100 metre freestyle race was the first of the swimming events. Ten swimmers entered the race. The two competitors from Austria-Hungary finished in the top two places, though no record distinguishes the places of the other eight competitors. The names of four of the Greek swimmers are not known. Alfréd Hajós of Hungary beat Otto Herschmann of Austria by less than a body length, with the other swimmers far behind. The Hungarian flag was hoisted, but the band began to play the Austrian anthem (Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser) until the Hungarian team sang the Hungarian anthem (Himnusz).

Background

This was the first appearance of the men's 100 metre freestyle. The event has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1900 (when the shortest freestyle was the 200 metres), though the 1904 version was measured in yards rather than metres.

Alfréd Hajós was the 1895 European champion.

Competition format

The competition involved a single race, with all swimmers competing at the same time. The swimmers were taken out by ship into the bay, where they would swim toward shore. Buoys marked the starting line, hollow pumpkins (which tended to move) marked the course, and a red flag marked the finish line.

Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1896 Summer Olympics.

* unofficial

The following record was established during the competition:

Schedule

The 100 metres freestyle was the first of the swimming events.

Results

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Men's freestyle 0100
Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 500 metre freestyle

The men's 500 metre freestyle was one of the four swimming events on the Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme.

Only three swimmers entered the 500 metre freestyle. Paul Neumann added Austria's first gold medal to Herschmann's silver. Alfréd Hajós, the winner of the 100m, had intended to sweep the three open swimming events, but did not compete in the 500m because it was begun immediately after the 100 metres. Chorophas was the only swimmer to compete in all three events.

Background

This was the only appearance of a 500-metre freestyle event, with 1900 having 200- and 1000-metre events and the now-standard 400 metre event debuting in 1904 (in yards, for that Games only).

Competition format

This freestyle swimming competition involved a single race, with all swimmers competing at the same time. The swimmers were taken out by ship into the bay, where they would swim toward shore.

Schedule

The 500 metre freestyle was the third of the swimming events, held shortly after the 100 metre freestyle and the sailor-only 100 metre freestyle.

Results

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Men's freestyle 0500
William Benjamin Robinson

William Benjamin Robinson (December 22, 1797 – July 18, 1873) was a fur trader and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Kingston in 1797, the son of Christopher Robinson and Esther Sayre, and moved to York (Toronto) with his family in 1798. In 1802, his mother remarried after his father's death and moved to Newmarket, where he grew up. Robinson later took over his stepfather's (Elisha Beman) mills and stores. He later joined his brother Peter in the fur trade, operating mainly in the Muskoka district. In 1830, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Simcoe; he was reelected in 1834 and 1836. He oversaw the development of the Welland Canal starting in 1833.

In 1843, he negotiated a treaty with the Chippewas of Lake Simcoe where  were "set aside to be held in trust" for their use. In 1844, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Simcoe as a Tory; he held the seat until 1854, when he was reelected in South Simcoe. In December in that year, he was appointed inspector-general; he resigned the following March because he opposed William Henry Draper's bill to create a University of Upper Canada. In 1846, he was appointed chief commissioner of public works. In the assembly, he opposed the secularization of King's College and of the clergy reserves. He helped promote a railway link between the Province of Canada and the Maritimes. He opposed a proposed Separate School act for Canada West in 1855.

In 1850, he negotiated two more treaties with native leaders:
 one covering land along Lake Superior from Batchawana Bay to Pigeon River
 one which covered land from Batchawana Bay to Penetanguishene

In 1852, he became a commissioner of the Canada Company.

After the death of his wife in 1865, Robinson left Canada and returned in 1867. He died in Toronto in 1873.

His brother John Beverley was a judge and member of the Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council.

References 
 

1797 births
1873 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Canadian fur traders
LAHAT

The LAHAT (Laser Homing Attack or Laser Homing Anti-Tank, also a Hebrew word for incandescence) is a third generation semi-active laser homing guided low-weight anti-tank guided missile developed since 1991 and manufactured by Israel Aerospace Industries. It has a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. It was designed primarily to be fired by Merkava tanks' 105 mm and 120 mm tank guns, though it matches all types of 105 mm and 120 mm guns, including low recoil guns and low-weight guns of military armoured cars. 

It is also suitable for patrol ships, possibly modified for 105–106 mm recoilless rifles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs), and self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons (or guns: SPAAGs). Unlike other tank rounds, LAHAT does not need a tank gun for operation.

Overview

The LAHAT is designed to achieve a 95 percent probability of kill under most conditions. It has a semi-active laser guidance system, capable of both direct and indirect laser designation—the target can be laser-designated by the launching platform (e.g. firing tank) or other platform (e.g. another tank, helicopter, UAV, or forward scouting team), requiring minimal exposure in the firing position. With a low launch signature, the missile's trajectory can be set to match either top attack (armoured fighting vehicle, warship) or direct attack (helicopter gunship) engagements.

The LAHAT missile has a range of up to  when launched from a ground platform, and up to  when deployed from high elevation. The time of flight to a target at  is 14 seconds and the missile hits the target at an accuracy of  circular error probable (CEP) and an angle of over 30 degrees, providing effective penetration of up to  of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) steel with its tandem-charge warhead to deal with add-on reactive armor. In any tank, the LAHAT is stowed in the ammunition rack and handled otherwise like any other type of ammunition.

The LAHAT was renamed to Nimrod-SR for the Latin American market.

The United States military is considering using the LAHAT as a weapon to arm unmanned aerial vehicles. The missile has been tested on the IAI RQ-5 Hunter.

The LAHAT has been successfully test-fired from a helicopter in demonstrations. Eight missiles were launched at targets up to  away, from altitudes between . Firings were conducted while the helicopter was hovering, and moving, at targets that were fixed, and moving. One direct hit was scored using the helicopter's observation capability along with laser designation from ground forces.

See also
 List of gun-launched missiles
 SAMHO
 UMTAS
 9M119

References

External links

 LAHAT on IAI.co.il
 LAHAT (naval) on IAI.co.il
 LAHAT on SIGNAL Magazine
 LAHAT on Defense-update.com

Anti-tank guided missiles
Anti-tank guided missiles of Israel
IAI missiles
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Bullet Boy (soundtrack)

Bullet Boy by Robert Del Naja and Neil Davidge of Massive Attack is the soundtrack to the film, directed by Saul Dibb.

Track listing
 "Brave New World And Score" – 28:58
 "Bullet Boy (Vox)" – 4:08

Massive Attack albums
2004 soundtrack albums
Drama film soundtracks
Ballymacmaine

Ballymacmaine () is a small village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. it is between Dollingstown and Magheralin, on the A3 route from Lurgan to Moira. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 57 people. It is within Craigavon Borough Council area.

It is a small settlement with several non-residential land uses, including commercial, recreational and community facilities.

References 

NI Neighbourhood Information System
Craigavon Area Plan 2010

See also 
List of villages in Northern Ireland

Villages in County Down
Townlands of County Down
Civil parish of Magheralin
Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle

The men's sailors 100 metre freestyle was one of the four swimming events on the Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The second swimming race was open only to sailors of the Greek Royal Navy. Eleven entered but only three actually took part in the event. The winning time was nearly a minute slower than that of the open 100 metre freestyle.

Background

This was the only appearance of an event limited to Greek Royal Navy sailors. The exclusionary nature of this race is a rare phenomenon in the Olympic Games, which in general include only events open to all competitors; Bill Mallon, in his book about the 1896 Games, says of the event that "its inclusion in the Olympic records is dubious at best". However, the competition is included in the International Olympic Committee's database of Olympic medallists, and there is no record of Pierre de Coubertin or any other major figure in the beginning of the modern Olympic movement objecting to the consideration of the race as Olympic.

Competition format

This freestyle swimming competition involved a single race, with all swimmers competing at the same time. The swimmers were taken out by ship into the bay, where they would swim toward shore.

Schedule

The 100 metre freestyle for sailors was the second of the swimming events, held shortly after the open 100 metre freestyle.

Results

References

  (Digitally available at )
  (Excerpt available at )
 

Men's freestyle sailors 0100
Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings

The Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings was a professional baseball team based in Harlingen, Texas, in the United States. The WhiteWings was a member of United League Baseball, an independent professional league which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball.  From the 1994 season to 2014, the WhiteWings played its home games at Harlingen Field.

History
Baseball in the region of the Rio Grande Valley had been played before in the Gulf States League (Class A ball), which lasted one season (1976) with six teams, one of which played in Harlingen, Texas by the name of the Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings. Eighteen years later, the Texas–Louisiana League was formed, done on the frustrations of Dallas businessman Byron Pierce and U.S. Congressman John Bryant of the Texas League not having plans for expansion. The Rio Grande Valley would receive a team as a charter member, which was called the WhiteWings and play at Harlingen Field, which had dimensions of 310' for the corners and 380' in center field for a crowd of 4,000. The WhiteWings won the Texas–Louisiana League Championship in 2000, upsetting the San Angelo Colts and Amarillo Dillas to win the pennant under manager Eddie Dennis (two years later, the league rebranded as the Central Baseball League). After falling on hard times, the WhiteWings suspended operations in 2003.  In late 2005, United League Baseball announced that the WhiteWings would resume play as the first charter member of the new league in 2006. They played the 2006 and 2007 seasons before deciding to rebrand in 2008. That year, they rebranded as the Harlingen WhiteWings. After three seasons, they changed the name back to the Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings, announcing it as such in May 2009. 

In 2011 and 2012, the WhiteWings played in the North American League, where they made the playoffs twice. They returned to the ULB in 2013 and played two season, winning the championship in 2014, their final season. The team announced in 2015 that it was shutting down and would not a field a team for the upcoming season.

Season-by-season record

All-Stars

Players

Past managers
 Alan Ashby (1994–1995)
 John Pacella (1996)
 Mike Brumley (1997)
 George Scott (2001)
 "Dirty" Al Gallagher (2008)
 Eduardo "Eddie" Dennis (1998–2000, 2006–07, 2009 – 2010)

References

External links

 WhiteWings website
 United League Baseball website

North American League teams
United League Baseball teams
Harlingen, Texas
Sports in the Rio Grande Valley
Professional baseball teams in Texas
Defunct baseball teams in Texas
1994 establishments in Texas
Baseball teams established in 1994
2015 disestablishments in Texas
Baseball teams disestablished in 2015
Defunct independent baseball league teams
John Wesley Hardt

John Wesley Hardt (14 July 1921 – 18 June 2017) was an American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1980.  He also distinguished himself as a preacher and a pastor of Methodist Churches, as a district superintendent, and as an author and biographer.

Birth and family
Hardt was born in San Antonio, Texas, a son of the Rev. and Mrs. W.W. Hardt.  On 13 September 1943 he married Martha Carson of Malakoff, Henderson County, Texas.  They had four children:  Betty (Mrs. Ed Lesko), William C., John S. and James J. (known as Joe).  The Hardts also had eight grandchildren.

Education

Hardt attended Lon Morris College in Jacksonville, Texas, and then earned the B.A. degree from Southern Methodist University in 1942.  He earned the Bachelor of Divinity degree from Perkins School of Theology (at S.M.U.) in 1946.  He also did graduate work at Vanderbilt University in Nashville and Union Theological Seminary in New York City.  He also holds honorary doctorates from Southwestern University and from Oklahoma City University.

Ordained ministry

During college Hardt served as a supply pastor.  Bishop A. Frank Smith ordained him a deacon in 1943 and an elder in 1944 in the Texas Annual Conference.  In 1943 Hardt relieved his father as pastor at Malakoff.  Following the death of his father, Hardt served there another year.

Hardt served four other pastorates in the Texas Conference, each one involving a major building program.  In 1977, after serving the First U.M.C., Beaumont, Texas for eighteen years, he was appointed superintendent of the Houston East District until elected to the episcopacy in 1980.  Hardt was a delegate to all U.M. General Conferences from 1960 until 1980, during which time he was also active on general and conference agencies.

Episcopal ministry

Upon his election, Bishop Hardt was assigned to the Oklahoma episcopal area.  He served Oklahoma until his retirement in 1988.  He then became Bishop-in-Residence at Perkins School of Theology, later becoming Bishop-in-Residence Emeritus.

Bishop Hardt served as a Trustee of St. Paul School of Theology, Lon Morris College, Southern Methodist University and Oklahoma City University.  He was active in Rotary International and traveled extensively.

Selected writings

Not the Ashes, but the Fire, 1977 (a book of sermons).
Lakeview, A Story of Inspiring Unity, 1992.
Cecil Peeples, Giant of the 20th Century, 1999.
Forward in Faith, 1999 (a history of Marvin United Church, Tyler, TX).

See also
 List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

References

InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church.  
The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church

External links
Photo of Bishop Hardt

1921 births
2017 deaths
People from San Antonio
Perkins School of Theology alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
Methodist writers
American biographers
American male biographers
American sermon writers
Lon Morris College alumni
American United Methodist bishops
Cotontchad

The Société cotonnière du Tchad, also called Cotontchad, is a parastatal Chadian company operating in a monopoly regime that buys and exports all the cotton produced in Chad. Cotton represents 40% of the country's exports and in past years has been even more dominant.

It was created in 1971 from the nationalisation of the Franco-Belgian society Cotonfran and had the task to collect, buy, gin, transport and export the cotton crop.

At present the state owns 75% of the company, the French Textile Development Company (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Textiles or CFDT) 16%, a consortium of Chadian banks 6% and the French Development Agency 2%.

The CFDT's main role is to market Chad's cotton on the world market, while private banks provide the credits necessary to Cotontchad and to the peasants to finance the opening of each planting season and especially to provide capital for the import and distribution of fertilisers and insecticides. Originally the producers were protected from market fluctuations by the Cotton Price Stabilization Board (Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix du Coton or CSPC), created in 1968, whose task was to stabilise prices paid to peasant producers by funding operating losses incurred by Cotontchad. Assuring a constant price to the producer not only helped maintain a certain level of production for Cotontchad but also limited costs to the company by holding down producer prices. But the recession that hit the cotton market between 1991 and 1993 drastically reduced the activities of the company and led to the abolition of the CSPC in 1993 and the decision to let the prices of the cotton bought by the producers fluctuate freely, following the market. Notwithstanding, economic difficulties have continued to hamper the company to the point that its privatisation is often discussed.

References 

Companies of Chad
Economy of Chad
Government of Chad
Agricultural organisations based in Chad
Cotton
Tricyclobutabenzene

Tricyclobutabenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene core with three cyclobutane rings fused onto it. This compound and related compounds are studied in the laboratory because they are often displaying unusual conformations and because of their unusual reactivity. Tricyclobutabenzenes are isomers of radialenes and form an equilibrium with them.

The parent tricyclobutabenzene (C12H12) was first synthesised in 1979 by the following sequence: This compound is stable up to .

A polyoxygenated tricyclobutabenzene with an extraordinary bond length of 160 pm for the bond connecting two carbonyl groups by the following sequence:

An ordinary bond of this type is only 148 pm and for comparison the C-C bond in isatin is 154 pm long. On the other hand, no change is recorded in the aromatic bond length alternation.

Similar chemistry yielded the six-fold ketone hexaoxotricyclobutabenzene C12O6, which happens to be a novel oxide of carbon. A key starting material is the iodo triflate depicted below which is a benzotriyne synthon.

See also
 Biphenyl
 Triphenyl
 Terpyridine
 Terthiophene
 Naphthalene where the rings are fused

References

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Tetracyclic compounds
Cyclobutanes
Cyclobutenes
List of current ships of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy

This list reflects the state of the mainline Iranian Navy, and does not include the vessels of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy.

Ships and submarines in service

Ships and submarines under construction

Submarines

Destroyers

Frigates

See also 

 List of equipment of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
 List of former Iranian naval vessels

References 

 

Lists of ships of Iran
 
Ships
List of former Iranian naval vessels

This is a list of naval ships that were in service with the naval forces of Iran after 1885, and had been either decommissioned or lost since then.

List of ships

Cruiser

Persepolis (1885–1925)

Destroyer

Damavand (ex-Artemiz) (1966–199?), used to be the British ; it was sold to Iran in 1966 and retired in the early 1990s.
Babr, used to be the American  (1973–1994), it was sold to Iran in 1973 and has been non-operational since 1994.
Palang, used to be the American  (1972–199?), it was sold to Iran in 1972 and retired in the 1990s.

Sloop
Babr (1931–1941), Sunk by HMAS Yarra on 25 August 1941 in Khorramshahr.
Palang (1931–1941), Sunk by HMS Shoreham on 25 August 1941 in Abadan.

Frigate

Sahand (1971–1988): Sunk by U.S. warships and aircraft in 1988 in U.S. Operation Praying Mantis.
 (1949–1969)
 (1949–1966)

Corvette

Milanian (1969–1982), used to be the American PF-105, In service
Kahnamuie (1969–1982), used to be the American PF-106, In service

Motor launch
Babolsar (1935–1972)
Gorgan (1935–1972)
Sefidroud (1935–1972)
Azerbaijan (1935–1941)
Gilan (1935–1941)
Mazandaran (1935–1941)

Patrol craft

Susa (1885–?)
Mozaffari (1903–1914; 1918–1936)
Shahin (1923–1941)
Chahrogh (1931–1941)
Simorgh (1931–1941)
Karkas (1931–1941)
Chahbaaz (1931–1941)
Azerbaijan (1905–1918)
Gilan (1905–1918)
Khorasan (1905–1918)
Mazandaran (1905–1918)
Perebonia (1905–1920)

Submarine
Kousseh (1978–1979)

Minelayer

Iran Ajr (1978–1987): Seized and scuttled by U.S. Navy SEALs in the 1987 U.S. Operation Prime Chance.

Minesweeper
Shahbaz (1959–1975)
Shahrokh (1959–?)
Simorgh (1961–1981)
Karkas (1962–?)
Harischi (ex-Kahnamuie) (1964–?)
Riazi (1964–?)

Missile boat
Paykan (1978–1980): Sunk in Operation Morvarid on 29 November 1980 by Iraqi forces.
Joshan (1978–1988): Sunk in Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988 by US forces.
Mehran (1959–1980): Sunk in Iran–Iraq War

Landing craft
Qeshm (1964–?)

Training ship
Homai (1925–1941)
Kish (1970–?)

Barracks ship

Raffael (1976–1983)
Michelange (1976–1983)

Repair ship

Sohrab (1961–1974)
Chabahar (1971–1985)

Tug
Nirou 
Yadak Bar

Replenishment oiler

Kharg (1984–2021) : Caught fire and sank on 2 June 2021, near Jask in the Gulf of Oman

Harbour tanker
Hormuz
Lengeh

Fast dispatch boat
Tahmadou

Tender boat
Sirry

See also

 List of naval ship classes of Iran
 List of current ships of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
 List of equipment of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

References

 
 
 

Naval ships of Iran
Iranian military-related lists
Lists of ships of Iran
Srm (Unix)

srm (or Secure Remove) is a command line utility for Unix-like computer systems for secure file deletion. srm removes each specified file by overwriting, renaming, and truncating  it before unlinking.  This prevents other people from undeleting or  recovering any information about the file from the command line.

Platform-specific behaviours and bugs

Filesystems with hard links

Attempting to secure delete a file with multiple hard links results in a warning from srm stating that the current access path has been unlinked, but the data itself was not overwritten or truncated. This is an undocumented feature of srm 1.2.8 on Mac OS X 10.9, and is erroneously documented in 1.2.11 as a behaviour activated by the OpenBSD rm-compatible option -P. However, in both the OS X and SourceForge srm implementations, the behaviour of unlinking but not overwriting multi-linked files is always active, as long as the platform reports hard links.

srm 1.2.8 on Mac OS X 10.9 has a -n option, which means "overwrite file, but do not rename or unlink it." However, if the file has multiple links, the multiple-link file data protection feature activates first, removing the file, even though the -n option specifies "do not rename or unlink the file". The -n option has been removed from the code and manual of srm version 1.2.11, the latest SourceForge.net version. As a consequence, this option/feature conflict does not occur.

OS X
A number of file systems support file forks (called resource forks and named forks on OS X (particularly HFS+), and alternate data streams on NTFS), or extended attributes. However, OS X is the only platform on which srm securely deletes any of this additional data in files.
On OS X, only the most common non-data fork, the resource fork, is handled in this way. This support was included in Apple’s  1.2.8 and SourceForge's  1.2.9.

srm was removed from OS X/macOS in v10.11 El Capitan, as part of the removal of the "Secure Empty Trash" feature for security reasons.

OpenBSD
In srm 1.2.11, released on 25 November 2010, the OpenBSD rm-compatible option, -P, is documented have an overwriting pattern matching OpenBSD's rm. Additional functionality which protects multi-linked files is documented under the OpenBSD-compatible option, but is actually always active.

Windows
When securely deleting files recursively, srm 1.2.11 is unable to determine device boundaries on Windows. Therefore, the -x option, which restricts srm to one file system, is not supported.

See also
 rm (Unix): remove file in Unix.
 Data remanence
 shred (Unix)
List of free and open-source software packages

References

External links 
 Sourceforge Page

Unix file system-related software
Unix security-related software
Data erasure software
Crit

Crit or CRIT may refer to:
Criterium or crit, bicycle race
Critic or critique
Crit Luallen, Kentucky Auditor of Public Accounts and potential 2008 United States Senate candidate
Criţ, a village in Buneşti Commune, Braşov County, Romania
Colorado River Indian Tribes (CRIT)
Centro de Rehabilitación Infantil Teletón (CRIT)
Hematocrit, a measure of proportion in blood volume

Crit may also refer to:
Critical theory
Critical thinking
Critical hit, an especially successful attack in role-playing games and computer and video games
Critical legal studies, a movement in legal thought
Critical management studies, a group of politically left wing and theoretically innovative approaches to management, business and organization
Critical theory (Frankfurt School) - theory in the positivistic, scientistic, or purely observational mode

See also
 Literary criticism, sometimes abbreviated as lit.
From the Cliffs

From the Cliffs is an EP by multinational indie rock band Guillemots, released on 14 March 2006. It compiles their previous releases, the I Saw Such Things in My Sleep EP and the first "Trains to Brazil" single, to form a mini-album in itself (along with the new opening track, "Sake", and, for the Japanese release, two additional tracks: "Moonlight" and "Pa Moila").

Track listing

References

2006 EPs
Guillemots (band) albums
Fantastic Plastic Records EPs
Laredo Broncos

The Laredo Broncos were a professional baseball team based in Laredo, Texas, in the United States. The Broncos were a member of United League Baseball, an independent professional league which was not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball.  From the 2006 season to 2010, the Broncos played their home games at Veterans Field.

History
In their first season, after a disappointing 5-15 start, the Broncos earned respect by having a winning record down the stretch and winning 11 of their last 16 games, making a trip to the playoffs where they pushed the first place Edinburg Coyotes to their limit before being eliminated. In 2010, the Laredo Broncos folded because ULB ceased to exist and the fact that the city of Laredo preferred to lease the future Laredo Ballpark to a then new expansion franchise team Laredo Lemurs in the American Association than the Broncos since ULB had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Mascot

Buster the Bronco was the mascot of the Laredo Broncos for all 5 seasons.  The mascot's name and image were selected by the executive staff before the 2006 season started.

Front office

General Manager    - Jose Melendez
Director of Sales     - Albert Herrera
Director of Operations    - B.D. "Bill" Hancock

Team record

Executive staff
 General Manager - Jose Melendez 2006 - 2010
 Director of Sales - Albert Herrera  2006 - 2008
 Director of Operations - Bill Hancock 2006 - 2008
 Director of Media & Marketing - Ray Melendez 2006, 2010

All-Stars

Players
2006
 Edwin Maldonado, 2B (Most Valuable Player)
 Darryl Roque, RHP
 Jose Salas, C/1B
 Arnoldo Ponce, SS
 Orlando Cruz, CF

2007
 Luis Arroyo, LHP
 Orlando Cruz, OF
 Santo Hernandez, RHP
 Hector Lebron, 1B
 Juan Lebron, OF
 Henry Lozado, RHP
 Edwin Maldonado, 3B

2008
 Santo Hernandez, RHP
 Gregorio Martinez, RHP
 Luany Sanchez, C
 Dwayne White, OF
 John Odom, RHP
 Matt Bauman, LHP

2010
 Jose Canseco, DH
 Santo Hernandez, RHP
 Juan Peralta, RHP
 Salvador Paniagua, C
 Kenny Gilbert, OF
 Jason Diaz, OF

Coaches
2006
 Dalphi Correa, 3B Coach
 Larry Van Allen, Hitting Coach

2010
 Jose Canseco, Bench Coach
 Alex Ortiz, Hitting Coach

Past Managers
 Michael Smith (2006)
 Dan Shwam (2006)
 Dan Shwam (2007)
 Angel "Papo" Davila (2008)
 Ricardo Cuevas (2009)
 Dan Firova (2010)

External links

 Laredo Broncos website

United League Baseball teams
Defunct baseball teams in Texas
Sports in Laredo, Texas
Defunct independent baseball league teams
2006 establishments in Texas
Baseball teams established in 2006
2010 disestablishments in Texas
Baseball teams disestablished in 2010
EdVoice

EdVoice is an educational non-profit organization that advocates for education policy in California that will improve opportunities for children from low-income communities. The group describes its mission as reshaping public education in California so that children from low-income communities have a better chance at a happy life.  

According to its web site, the EdVoice network connects over 50,000 teachers, parents, and community leaders with their state elected officials on important educational issues.

Notable people
 Ted Lempert - founding CEO, former California State Assemblyman and founding director
 Christopher Cabaldon - former CEO, West Sacramento mayor
 Reed Hastings - EdVoice co-founder; founder/CEO of Netflix and former president of the California State Board of Education
 Steve Poizner - EdVoice co-founder; former California State Insurance Commissioner
 Laurene Powell Jobs - Former EdVoice board member; founder of College Track
 Bill Lucia - Former CEO

References

External links
 EdVoice Homepage

Non-profit organizations based in California
Bleeders (band)

The Bleeders are a punk hardcore influenced group from West Auckland, New Zealand. 
The group formed in 2002 consisting of members Angelo Munro (vocals), Gareth Stack (Bass), Ian King (Guitar), Hadleigh Donald (Guitar), Matt George and Clark (Drums). In 2019 Aaron Goddard replaced Hadleigh Donald on guitar.

Biography
2003 saw their debut release ‘'A Bleeding Heart E.P'’ released on independent label ElevenfiftySeven Records. Quickly Bleeders gained momentum with sold-out shows, strong sales, radio and music television support ultimately leading them to sign with Universal Music NZ.

In 2005, Bleeders flew to the US to record their debut full-length album with renowned producer Sal Villanueva who has produced the likes of Thursday, Taking Back Sunday, and Skarhead. Villanueva worked with the band to create a more crossover sound that would help them reach a broader audience. Titled ‘'As Sweet as Sin'’, the album was released in New Zealand and Australia in 2006, and debuted at number 2 on the New Zealand top 40 charts and went on to reach "Gold" status in sales, as well as picking up prestige Awards of "Best Rock Album" and "Breakthrough Artist" at the 2007 New Zealand music awards.

Bleeders spent the next few years building on their fan base with several tours of New Zealand and Australia, supported acts such as AFI, Avenged Sevenfold and Motorhead along with shows in the UK with the Misfits to name a few.

In 2007 the band released the self-titled 2nd album, this time choosing to stay in New Zealand and record at the York Street studio with producer Clint Murphy. The band chose to bring back the aggression that had been a winning formula in the past while still evolving a strong rock crossover. This enabled the band to hold onto a loyal core of fans, and still to this day the 2nd album is stated by the band as their best and proudest work to date.

In 2009 the band spent the year based in Toronto, Canada so they could concentrate on the North American market, in their time there they supported the likes of Alexisonfire and Cancer Bats. While the band ticked many boxes in their time there, the grind got the better of them and they disbanded in Dec 2009.

Since their split in 2009 the band have reunited on a couple of occasions, once in 2012, again in 2016, both times to sold-out shows at Auckland's legendary Kings Arms.

In 2019 the band reformed and released the comeback EP “Darkness Falls”. This marked the bands return to their roots teaming up with 1157 records once again. The new EP was released on 12 inch vinyl with the “B side” a remastered version of their debut “A Bleeding Heart E.P”. Throughout 2019 and 2020 Bleeders played a string of shows throughout New Zealand until the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Albums

Singles

Compilations

References

External links
Official Myspace page
Elevenfiftyseven Records

New Zealand punk rock groups
CHL Player of the Year

The CHL Player of the Year award is given out annually to the player judged to be the most outstanding in the Canadian Hockey League. It is selected from three most valuable players of the respective leagues; the Red Tilson Trophy of Ontario Hockey League, the Michel Brière Memorial Trophy of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy of the Western Hockey League.

As of the 2021–22 selection, Sidney Crosby (2003–04, 2004–05) and Alexis Lafrenière (2018–19, 2019–20) are the only repeat winners.

Winners
List of winners of the CHL Player of the Year award.

See also
 List of Canadian Hockey League awards

References

External links
 CHL Awards – CHL

Canadian Hockey League trophies and awards
Ice hockey player of the year awards
Dehumanization (album)

Dehumanization is the only full-length album by American hardcore punk band Crucifix. Released in 1983, it is regarded as one of the classic anarcho-punk records, as well as an important D-beat record.

The song "Prejudice" was covered live by the American anarcho-punk band Aus-Rotten, and released on their 1997 Not One Single Fucking Hit Discography compilation. "Annihilation" has been covered by the Brazilian metal band Sepultura and the American alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. The Varukers cover "Indo-China."

Track listing
All tracks by Pheng, Borruso, Crucifix, Douglas and Smith. 
 "Annihilation" – 1:29
 "How When Where" – 1:37
 "Skinned Alive" – 0:47
 "Prejudice" – 2:08
 "No Limbs" – 1:36
 "Another Mouth to Feed" – 1:50
 "Search for the Sun" – 1:37
 "Indo-China" – 2:23
 "Three Miles to Oblivion" – 1:02
 "See Through Their Lies" – 1:42
 "Death Toll" – 2:38
 "Blind Destruction" – 1:39
 "Rise and Fall" – 0:43
 "Stop Torture" – 1:53

Credits
 Sothira Pheng - Vocals
 Jake Smith - Guitar
 Matt Borruso - Bass
 Chris Douglas - Drums

References

1983 albums
Crucifix (band) albums