Für Alina

Für Alina (English: For Alina) is a work for piano composed by the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt. It can be considered as an essential work of his tintinnabuli style.

History of composition 
Für Alina was first performed in Tallinn in 1976, along with six other works, after a long preparatory period in Pärt's life as a composer. This concert was the first to introduce his new signature style of composition, referred to as the tintinnabuli style.

The title echoes Beethoven's piece for solo piano Für Elise. While the identity of the dedicatee of Beethoven's work is unclear, Für Alina was dedicated to a family friend's eighteen-year-old daughter. The family had broken up and the daughter went to England with her father. The work, dedicated to the daughter, was actually meant as a work of consolation for the girl's mother, missing her child. Its introspection calls to mind a vivid image of youth, off to explore the world.

Musical structure 

The score of Für Alina is only two pages long. It is in the key of B minor and is played piano (p) throughout. 
As notated, it could be played by a musician at beginner level. It has both the left and right hand written in treble clef and only the echoing bass octave is written in bass clef. Although the score appears simple, it leaves much of the interpretation to the performer. In performance, the piece is commonly repeated several times.

The piece does not have a time signature and is marked Ruhig, erhaben, in sich hineinhorchend, which roughly translates as peacefully, in an elevated and introspective manner. Physicist Carlo Rovelli, who has spoken of his interest in the piece, describes it as time appearing to have stopped.

It begins with a low double-octave B, which echoes throughout the whole work until the last section. The sustain pedal is depressed throughout the entire piece, with a brief shift prior to the last four measures. The right-hand melody is transposed an octave higher than notated. As there is no time signature, the tempo is free and aleatoric. Although both hands play their single notes at the same time, the use of rubato is encouraged.

Only two note values appear in the score: whole notes and stemless filled-in noteheads (more free as to their duration). It has only 15 measures of written music, beginning with the low bass octave. From there, a symmetrical pattern begins in the phrase length of each measure: the second measure has one stemless notehead and one whole note, the next measure has two noteheads and a whole note, and so on until a measure that has seven noteheads and a whole note.  In other words, the first measure has one note in each hand, the second has two, the third has three, and so on. This pattern is then repeated in retrograde, returning to one notehead and a whole note and ending with two noteheads and a whole note in the last measure.

The entire harmonic structure, with one exception, is constructed so that the left-hand part outlines a B-minor triad directly below the right-hand melody. Thus, when the melody is on a C# or D, the left hand is on a B. When the melody is on an E or F#, the left hand is on a D, and when the melody is on a G, A, or B, the left hand is on an F#. The only break from this harmonic structure appears when the left hand plays a C# below an F# in the right hand, synchronous with the release of the pedal at the end of measure 11.

Recordings 
A release endorsed by Pärt himself is the ECM New Series album entitled Alina, recorded in July 1995 and released in 1999. It includes two variations of Für Alina by pianist Alexander Malter. According to the liner notes, the two versions, somewhat like “mood improvisations,” were handpicked by Pärt from a recording that was originally hours long. The two versions most strikingly differ in the use of rubato and that of the use of the low octave b. Both versions clock slightly under eleven minutes.

There are also versions by David Arden and Jeroen van Veen.

Use in soundtracks 
The piece has been used in film soundtracks, for example in the films Foxcatcher (2014), Abandon (2002), and Mostly Martha (2001), where it is performed by Alexander Malter.

Sources 

 This article draws some facts from the liner notes of the ECM album Alina, an essay White Light written by Hermann Conen and translated into English by Eileen Walliser-Schwarzbart.

External links 
 

Compositions by Arvo Pärt
1976 compositions
Compositions for solo piano
Music dedicated to family or friends