alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Mir (clan)

Mir also spelled as Meer (Persian: مير) (derived from the Arabic title Emir 'general, prince') is a Kashmiri clan with ancestral roots from medieval Persia. The clan predominantly lives in Kashmir and with significant population living in Punjab.

Notable people
Hamid Mir, Pakistani journalist, columnist and author
Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, Pakistani entrepreneur & founder of Jang Media Group
Ahad Raza Mir, actor and musician
 Professor Sajid Mir, Member, Senate of Pakistan (2015 - 2021)

See also
Mirwaiz
Shah Mir dynasty

References

Kashmiri-language surnames
Kashmiri tribes
Surnames of Indian origin
Social groups of Pakistan
Tom Longstaff

Tom George Longstaff (15 January 1875 – 27 June 1964) was an English medical doctor, explorer and mountaineer, most famous for being the first person to climb a summit of over 7,000 metres in elevation, Trisul, in the India/Pakistan Himalayas in 1907. He also made important explorations and climbs in Tibet, Nepal, the Karakoram, Spitsbergen, Greenland, and Baffin Island. He was president of the (British) Alpine Club from 1947 to 1949 and a founding member of The Alpine Ski Club in 1908.

Early life
Longstaff was the eldest son of Lt-Col. Llewellyn W. Longstaff OBE of Wimbledon, the first and most generous supporter of Captain Scott's National Antarctic Expedition. He was educated at Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and St Thomas' Hospital, London.

War service
Longstaff was commissioned into the 1/7th Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment in 1914 and served on the General Staff at Army Headquarters, Simla, 1915–1916. He was Assistant Commandant of the Gilgit Corps of Scouts, Frontier Militia, and Special Assistant at Fort Gupis to the Political Agent in Gilgit, from 1916, and was promoted Captain in 1917, retiring from the service in 1918.

During the Second World War, he served with the 7th and 13th Battalion of the KRRC from 1939 to 1941.

Mountaineer
Longstaff climbed in the Alps, the Caucasus, Himalayas, Selkirk, Rocky Mountains, Greenland, and Spitsbergen.

Before the Great War, he travelled in Tibet in 1905, ascended Trisul in the Himalayas, 1907, and in 1908 was awarded the Gill Memorial by the Royal Geographical Society for his work in the Himalaya and Tibet. He went on to explore the Siachen Glacier and discovered the peaks of Teram Kangri in 1909.

After the war, he took part in an Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen in 1921 and was chief medical officer and naturalist on the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition. He returned to Spitsbergen in 1923 and to the Garhwal Himalaya in 1927. He led the Oxford University Expedition to Greenland in 1928 and the same year was awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for his work in the Himalaya, especially his discovery of the Siachen Glacier. In Greenland again, 1931 and 1934, and Baffin Island, 1934.

In 1933 he was one of eleven people involved in the appeal that led to the foundation of the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), an organisation for the study of birds in the British Isles.

He lived at Achiltibuie, in the Highlands of Scotland, where he died at the age of eighty-nine on 27 June 1964.

Notes

References

Longstaff, Tom George in Who's Who 1964.
Eric Shipton, Longstaff, Tom George (1875–1964), rev., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004

External links 
 
 

1875 births
1964 deaths
Royal Hampshire Regiment officers
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of World War II
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
English explorers
English mountain climbers
Baffin Island
People educated at Eton College
Presidents of the Alpine Club (UK)
Nonni

Nonni may refer to:

 Nonni river, an alternate name for Nen River in Northeast China
 Nonni, nickname of Icelandic children's author Jón Sveinsson
 Nonni, Italian word meaning grandfathers or grandparents
Ottaviano Nonni (1536-1606), Italian painter

See also
 Nonni and Manni, a 1988-1989 West German-Icelandic children's TV series
John II of Salerno

John II (died between 994), called the Accursed (Maledictus), son of Lampert of Spoleto, was the count of the palace of Salerno in 980 and acting regent for Prince Pandulf II.  He was pushed out with the prince by Manso, Duke of Amalfi, in 981.  The rule of the Amalfitan and his son John was oppressive and the local populace rose in revolt and elected the Spoletan John prince in 983, expelling Manso.
He tried, through appointing his scribe Toto as advocate, to control the monastery of San Massimo and her property, but failed.  Together with his wife Sichelgaita, he founded S. Maria de Domno and put it directly under the authority of the Archdiocese of Salerno.  Under its first abbot, Radoald, it was very successful, though John's attempts to control religion in his principality were less so.  In January 984, John associated his son Guido with him, but Guido died in 988.  Between January and March 989, he associated his next son Guaimar, who succeeded him.  He left other sons in Pandulf, Lambert, John, and Peter.

According to a legend related by Peter Damian, there was an eruption of Mount Vesuvius and John exclaimed that surely it was an omen foretelling the death of some rich man, who would surely end up in hell.  The next day, John was found dead in the arms of a prostitute.

References
 Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LV Ginammi – Giovanni da Crema. Rome, 2000.

990s deaths
John 2
10th-century Lombard people
10th-century monarchs in Europe
Year of birth unknown

Year of death uncertain
The Lame Duck Congress

"The Lame Duck Congress" is the 28th episode of The West Wing which aired on NBC on November 8, 2000, the day following the 2000 United States Presidential election.

Plot
As the last days of the lame-duck Congress roll forward, Sam Seaborn outlines a long list of Senate committee reassignments that are going to take place under the incoming GOP-led body of law, finishing with the news that a Republican opponent of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is going to head up the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and has made it clear he will not allow the Treaty to come up for voting. Sam's idea that they should try to call a lame-duck session of Congress to pass the Treaty before this happens gets the OK. Communications Director Toby Ziegler leads the effort but is stunned when he learns that recently defeated Senator Marino (D-PA) will not vote for the Treaty, because he was its primary sponsor during his Senate days. Senator Marino meets with Toby and explains that he will respect the views of the voters who sent him home largely because of his support of the Treaty, and the White House simply gives up on the Treaty for now.

Chief of Staff Leo McGarry and Press Secretary C.J. Cregg have to do some fancy diplomatic footwork when a very pro-Western but equally pro-alcohol Ukrainian politician shows up at the White House demanding to meet with the President. Leo's tip about how the Dalai Lama was able to "accidentally" have a meeting with a former President sets up a quick discussion between the President and the Ukrainian, who leaves the White House happy to know that they look forward to working with him if/when he becomes his country's leader, and leaves the President and Leo happy that they have avoided a major international incident.

Sam responds to Leo's new guideline for shorter policy summaries by working with Ainsley Hayes on a plan to prevent small-business fraud, but she impresses Sam so much he adopts all of her ideas and sends the plan forward to Leo and the President.

Production and creation
The story line about the Ukrainian politician was suggested by Marlin Fitzwater, who had been hired as a consultant for the show, and was based on the events during the period Fitzwater was working for President George H. W. Bush. Boris Yeltsin had requested a meeting with President Bush while Mikhail Gorbachev was still the leader of the Soviet Union. Yeltsin and Bush met in the national security advisor's office so that the White House could say that he had never been in the Oval Office.

Analysis
Kimberly A. Williams believes that "The Lame Duck Congress" is series creator Aaron Sorkin's critique of the 2000 presidential candidates' approach to dealing with changes occurring in Eastern Europe at the time. She writes that the position was "although Eastern Europe reformers are 'crazy', they are 'our kind of crazy'; therefore the United States should stay the course in Eastern Europe."

References

External links
 

The West Wing (season 2) episodes
2000 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Aaron Sorkin
Operation Swordfish

Operation Swordfish or Operation Dominic Swordfish was the May 11, 1962 operational test of the nuclear ASROC anti-submarine weapon system. The ASROC uses a short range rocket booster to deliver a Mk 34 armed depth charge to the surface over the submarine target. The device sinks to a depth of approximately 650 feet or 235 meters where it would detonate with a yield around 10 kt of force.

References

Naval operations and battles
Cold War anti-submarine weapons of the United States
Nuclear weapons testing
May 1962 events in the United States
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards 2000

21st BSFC Awards
December 17, 2000

Best Film: 
 Almost Famous 
The 21st Boston Society of Film Critics Awards honored the best in film of 2000.

Winners

Best Picture 
1. Almost Famous
2. Yi Yi
3. Erin Brockovich

Best Actor 
1. Colin Farrell – Tigerland
2. Javier Bardem – Before Night Falls
3. Tom Hanks – Cast Away
3. Mark Ruffalo – You Can Count on Me

Best Actress 
1. Ellen Burstyn – Requiem for a Dream
2. Laura Linney – You Can Count on Me
3. Julia Roberts – Erin Brockovich

Best Supporting Actor 
1. Fred Willard – Best in Show
2. Jack Black – High Fidelity
3. Albert Finney – Erin Brockovich

Best Supporting Actress 
1. Frances McDormand – Almost Famous and Wonder Boys
2. Julie Walters – Billy Elliot
3. Madeline Kahn – Judy Berlin

Best Director 
1. Cameron Crowe – Almost Famous
2. Edward Yang – Yi Yi
3. Steven Soderbergh – Erin Brockovich and Traffic
3. Michael Winterbottom – The Claim and Wonderland

Best Screenplay 
1. Cameron Crowe – Almost Famous
1. Steve Kloves – Wonder Boys
3. Mike White – Chuck & Buck

Best Cinematography 
1. Peter Pau – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long)
2. Agnès Godard – Beau Travail
3. Alwin H. Kuchler – The Claim
3. Matthew Libatique – Tigerland and Requiem for a Dream

Best Documentary 
1. The Eyes of Tammy Faye
2. The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg
3. Into the Arms of Strangers

Best Foreign-Language Film 
1. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long) • China/Taiwan
2. Yi Yi • Taiwan/Japan
3. The Color of Paradise (Rang-e khoda) • Iran

Best New Filmmaker 
1. Kenneth Lonergan – You Can Count on Me
2. Stephen Daldry – Billy Elliot
3. Eric Mendelsohn – Judy Berlin

External links
Past Winners

References
Four for ‘Famous’ (Boston Crix Pix) Variety
BOSTON CRITICS MAKE IT `FAMOUS' Boston Globe

2000
2000 film awards
2000 awards in the United States
2000 in Boston
December 2000 events in the United States
The History of Rock

The History of Rock is a compilation album by American rapper Kid Rock. Released in 2000, the album consists of re-recorded versions of songs from the album The Polyfuze Method, remixed versions of songs from the album Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp, demos and unreleased songs, including the single "American Bad Ass".

Music

Many of the compilation's songs were previously released on Kid Rock's second and third studio albums, The Polyfuze Method and Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp. The inclusions from The Polyfuze Method have been re-recorded for this compilation, while the songs from Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp are remixed.

The new recording "American Bad Ass" has been praised by Allmusic and Rolling Stone as being the best song on the compilation. The nu metal song is built around samples from Metallica's song "Sad but True", while paying lyrical tribute to Ritchie's influences such as Johnny Cash, Grandmaster Flash, David Allan Coe, the Beastie Boys and Bob Seger.

Also new to this compilation are the songs ”Abortion”, a hard rock blues song, "Fuck That", categorized by Entertainment Weekly as alternative rock, and ”Born 2 B a Hick”, which has been compared stylistically to Chuck Berry. "Fuck That" previously appeared on the soundtrack to the 1999 film Any Given Sunday.

”Born 2 B a Hick” was an older song that Kid Rock had never recorded. Despite its title, "Abortion" is an anti-drug ballad, which Rolling Stone described as "[finding] common ground between the Geto Boys and Lynyrd Skynyrd".

Reception

The History of Rock received mixed to positive reviews from critics, earning a 64 out of 100 score on Metacritic.

Kid Rock promoted the album with his History of Rock Tour.

Stephen Thomas Erlewine, writing for Allmusic, gave the album four out of five stars, saying that "It's not a great listen, but its swagger and white-trash style make it the second-best record in [Kid Rock's] catalog to date."

Rob Sheffield, writing for Rolling Stone, gave the album three out of five stars, writing that "History peaks with the two new songs". Entertainment Weekly panned the album, however, giving it a C, writing, "Perhaps this marginal collection by a potentially major act should have been called The History of Rap (by White Boys)."

Track listing

Credits

Kid Rock 
Robert James Ritchie - vocals, guitar, bass, keyboard, organ, drums

Twisted Brown Trucker
Joe C. - raps
Shirley Hayden - background vocals
Misty Love - background vocals
Jason Krause - guitar
Kenny Olson - guitar
Michael Bradford - bass
Jimmie Bones - keyboards
Uncle Kracker - turntables, background vocals
Stefanie Eulinberg - drums

Other personnel
 Wes Chill - spoken word on intro
 Michael Stevens - narration

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Kid Rock albums
2000 compilation albums
Atlantic Records compilation albums
Midwest hip hop albums
Rap metal albums
Chessmetrics

Chessmetrics is a system for rating chess players devised by Jeff Sonas. It is intended as an improvement over the ELO and EDO rating systems.

Implementation
Chessmetrics is a weighted average of past performance. The score considers a player's win percentage against other players weighted by the ratings of the other players and the time elapsed since the match.  A 10% increase in performance is equivalent to an increase of 85 rating points.

The weighting of previous matches digresses linearly from 100% for just-finished matches to zero for matches conducted more than two years ago.

Formulas
Performance rating adjustment after tournament:
Performance Rating = Average Opponents' Rating + [(PctScore - 0.50) * 850]

Weighting of past tournaments (age in months):
100% * (24 - age)

Criticism

In 2006 economists Charles C. Moul and John V. C. Nye  used Chessmetrics to determine the "expected" results of games, and wrote:Ratings in chess that make use of rigorous statistics to produce good estimates of relative player strength are now relatively common, but comparing ratings across different time periods is often complicated by idiosyncratic changes (cf. Elo, 1968 for the pioneering discussion). Sonas uses the same rating formula throughout our sample and updates this rating monthly instead of annually, as is more common. Moreover, retrospective grading allows him to establish rankings that are unbiased estimates of the "true" relative strengths of players.

The system has also been described as "the most complete and resounding attempt made to determine the best chess player in history". However, the system is more accurate in measuring a player's success in competition than quality of play.

Popularity
The original article on Chessmetrics was published in Chessbase in October 2002. Since then, Chessmetrics has become reasonably well known and features numerous articles in Chessbase and The Week in Chess.

Chess author John L. Watson has also referred to Chessmetrics numbers.

See also
 Chess rating systems

Notes

External links
 Chessmetrics site

Chess rating systems
Max Webster (album)

Max Webster was the first record released by Canadian rock band Max Webster. The record was released in 1976 on Taurus Records, a short-lived label created by Rush manager Ray Danniels. The album was re-issued in January 1977 by Anthem Records in Canada and on Mercury Records in the US, with the title Hangover and different artwork.

Max Webster was certified gold in 1979 by the Canadian Recording Industry Association.

Track listing
All songs written by Kim Mitchell and Pye Dubois, except where indicated
Side one
 "Hangover" – 4:36
 "Here Among the Cats" – 3:07
 "Blowing the Blues Away" (Terry Watkinson) – 3:33
 "Summer Turning Blue" – 3:05
 "Toronto Tontos" – 3:40

Side two
 "Coming Off the Moon" – 3:38
 "Only Your Nose Knows" – 4:16
 "Summer's Up" – 2:45
 "Lily" (Mitchell) – 7:42

Personnel
Max Webster
Kim Mitchell – guitars and lead vocals
Terry Watkinson – keyboards and vocals, cover art and design
Mike Tilka – bass and vocals
Paul Kersey – drums and percussion
Pye Dubois – lyrics

Production
Terry Brown – producer, engineer
Tom Berry – executive producer
Ray Danniels, Vic Wilson (SRO Productions Inc.) – management
Jon Erickson, Robert Gunn – road crew

References

1976 debut albums
Max Webster albums
Anthem Records albums
Albums produced by Terry Brown (record producer)
Kolhi

The Kolhi (; कोल्ही) is a subgroup of Koli community native to Sindh, Pakistan. Kolhi's mostly are Hindu but some of them are Christian and Muslim. They engage in agriculture and most of them are poor peasants and sharecroppers.

Kolhi community is said to hail from Gujarat. They migrated from there first to Kutch thence they came to Thar and Parkar. Kolhis have similar subcastes such as Thakor, Khant, Baria and Chunvalia.

Divisions 
There are four communities of Kolhis in Sindh one Parkari Kolhis who are native to Nangarparker region and speak Parkari Koli language, second are Kutchi Kolhi who migrated from Kutch district of India to Sindh, they speak Kachhi Kolhi language and live in Mirpurkhas, Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts of Sindh, third community of Kolhis are Wadiyara Kolhi who came from Wadiyar in Gujarat state and speak Wadiyari Kolhi language, and fourth are Tharadari Kolhi who orignated Tharad city of Gujarat. The kolhi women get a unique tattoos on their arms, neck and face.

Notable Kolhi 

 Krishna Kumari Kolhi, member of Senate of Pakistan
 Rooplo Kolhi, Freedom Fighter
Veerji Kolhi, Advocate of High Court Sindh

See also 
 List of Koli people
 List of Koli states and clans

References 

Koli people
Sindhi tribes 
Sindhi people 
Sindhi tribes in India

Hindu communities of Pakistan
Moulouya River

The Moulouya River (Berber: iɣẓer en Melwect, ) is a 520 km-long river in Morocco. Its sources are located in the Ayashi mountain in the Middle Atlas. It empties into the Mediterranean Sea near Saïdia, in northeast Morocco.

Water level in the river often fluctuates. The river is used for irrigation and is dammed by the Hassan II and Mohamed V Dams.

History

Before French colonisation, the Moulouya River was considered as the border between Ottoman Algeria and the dynasties that controlled Morocco. A battle between the Algerians and the Alawites took place in 1692 at the ford of this river.

The Romans called this river Malva. In medieval British pseudo-history, it was mentioned as a location along the route supposedly travelled by the ancestors of the Scotti, and by Brutus of Troy. The Moulouya River formed the eastern border of the kingdom of Mauretania since King Bocchus I, and more recently of the Rif Republic in the 1920s, a small part of Morocco containing important cities like Saïdia and Oujda lying to the east, between the Moulouya and the border with Algeria. Until 1956 the river also formed the eastern border of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.

Ecology
In August 2011 fish were killed by pollutants in the Moulouya River and local residents feared for their crops and livestock.

References

External links

Rivers of Morocco
Ramsar sites in Morocco
Brian Davis (bishop)

Brian Newton Davis  (28 October 1934 – 22 June 1998) was the Anglican Bishop of Waikato from 1980 to 1986 and Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand and Bishop of Wellington from 1986 to 1997.

Biography

Childhood and education
Davis was born in Stratford, New Zealand and underwent secondary education at Stratford High School, Taranaki.  He studied to be a teacher at Ardmore Training College, Papakura and then went on to study a M.A.(Hons) in geography at Victoria University of Wellington.  He also studied at College House, Christchurch, before finally completing his studies at St John's College, Auckland in order to become an Anglican priest.

Ministry
After ordination, Davis served as a curate at Karori, Wellington.  He was then appointed the vicar at Dannevirke and later became Dean and Vicar General of Waiapu.  In 1980 he was appointed the Bishop of Waikato and in 1986 was elected the Archbishop of New Zealand and Bishop of Wellington. He resigned both posts effective 1 July 1997.

In 1990, Davis was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the Anglican Church and the community.

References

1934 births
1998 deaths
Primates of New Zealand
Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Anglican bishops of Waikato
Anglican bishops of Wellington
People from Stratford, New Zealand
20th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
20th-century Anglican archbishops in New Zealand
People educated at Stratford High School, New Zealand
Dry ice bomb

A dry ice bomb is a simple explosive device. While their simplicity, ease of construction, high bursting pressure and loud noise make them appealing for recreational purposes, they can be unpredictable and dangerous. These bombs have led to many injuries and are illegal in many jurisdictions.

Overview 
Dry ice bombs are commonly made from a container such as a plastic bottle, water and dry ice. The bottle is partly filled with water. Chunks of dry ice are added and the container is closed tightly. As the solid carbon dioxide warms, it sublimates to gas and the pressure in the bottle increases. Bombs typically rupture within 30 seconds to half an hour, dependent largely on the temperature of the air outside the bottle. A dry ice bomb may develop frost on its exterior prior to explosion. After explosion, it appears to have shattered, with the overall shape of the device intact.

Dangers 
Dry ice bombs may induce serious risks:
 Explosion can occur within seconds, injuring the handler.
 The shockwave can be extremely loud, causing hearing damage even at substantial distances.
 The blast can propel fragments of the container at very high speeds, causing cuts and puncture wounds.

Injuries are common, with glass bottles in particular posing risks of serious injury or death.
In one case, the explosive release of carbon dioxide gas ruptured the esophagus of a child, requiring emergency surgery.

Bombs that fail to explode pose a major safety problem: They cannot be left, yet cannot be safely approached.

Legality 

Dry ice bombs are illegal in many jurisdictions. Manufacturing one or using one can lead to imprisonment.
 A law in California that defines "destructive device" includes a list of "weapons" including "[any] sealed device containing dry ice (CO2) or other chemically reactive substances assembled for the purpose of causing an explosion by a chemical reaction". 
 In Nebraska and other States the noise generated may violate local laws. 
 Arizona prohibits dry ice bombs if there is an intent to cause injury, death, or damage to the property of another, as well as their possession by "prohibited possessors" such as convicted felons and illegal immigrants.
 In Utah, simple possession of a dry ice bomb or similar pressurized chemical reaction bomb is a second-degree felony.
 In Colorado, the creation of a dry ice bomb is considered illegal due to interpretation as "possession of an explosive device" 
 Leaving an unexploded dry ice bomb can be construed as public endangerment.
 Exploding a dry ice bomb in public in Pennsylvania can result in criminal charges if it is not done on a bomb range, gun range or open area.

See also 
 Spud gun
 Diet Coke and Mentos eruption
 Chlorine bomb
 Rapid phase transition
 Liquid nitrogen cocktail

References

External links 
 DryIceNetwork.com – Dry ice information source
 USENET pyrotechnics FAQ
 Mad Physics :: Dry Ice Explosions

Applications of carbon dioxide
Improvised explosive devices
Daniel Coonan

Daniel Coonan  is a British actor.

Early life
Coonan was brought up in Haringey, in north London, moving to Plymouth, Devon in his teens, where he took up acting lessons. He trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.

Career
After graduating, Coonan spent over ten years working almost exclusively in theatre, working with companies including The National Theatre, The Royal Court Theatre and Howard Barker's theatre company, The Wrestling School. Coonan then had roles in various television series, including a wrongly convicted murderer in Silent Witness, an investigating policeman in the BBC crime drama Mayday, and a violent alcoholic in Mike Leigh's revival of his classic play Ecstasy, which Leigh directed.

In 2013, Coonan joined the cast of the BBC soap opera EastEnders, playing Carl White, having previously played David Priors in 2011. He was originally contracted to appear in 28 episodes as Carl over a six-month period, but filmed over 60 episodes. Coonan departed the show in January 2014. Since leaving, Coonan has again returned to the stage, playing 'Marco' in Arthur Miller's classic play 'A View From the Bridge' at The Liverpool Playhouse and  'Black Dog' in The Royal National Theatre's 2015 production of 'Treasure Island'.

In 2016 Coonan appeared in the Discovery Channel miniseries Harley and the Davidsons playing William A. Davidson, one of the founders of the Harley Davidson motorcycle company. He will be involved in filming History Channel's eight part drama documentary 'The War on Drugs' in early 2017  as well as the BBC drama 'Hard Sun', created by Neil Cross, the writer of 'Luther'.

Selected theatre

Selected television

References
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/discovery-channel-rounds-cast-harley-875027

External links

PW Productions

1974 births
Living people
People from Harringay
Male actors from Plymouth, Devon
English male soap opera actors
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2002

The 8th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2002, were given on January 6, 2003. The organization, founded in 1990, includes 59 film critics for print, radio, television, and internet publications based in north Texas.

Top 10 films
Chicago (Academy Award for Best Picture)
Far from Heaven
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
The Pianist
About Schmidt
Gangs of New York
Adaptation.
Road to Perdition
Catch Me If You Can
The Hours

Winners

Best Actor:
Jack Nicholson – About Schmidt as Warren R. Schmidt
Best Actress:
Julianne Moore – Far from Heaven
Best Animated Film:
Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi)
Best Cinematography:
Far from Heaven – Edward Lachman
Best Director:
Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Best Documentary Film:
Bowling for Columbine
Best Film:
 Chicago 
Best Foreign Language Film:
And Your Mother Too (Y tu mamá también) • Mexico
Best Supporting Actor:
Chris Cooper – Adaptation. as John Laroche
Best Supporting Actress:
Kathy Bates – About Schmidt
Worst Film:
FeardotCom

References

External links
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website

2002
2002 film awards
Bishop Hill State Historic Site

Bishop Hill State Historic Site is an open-air museum in Henry County, Illinois. It is located about 2 miles north of U.S. Route 34  in Bishop Hill, Illinois.

The Illinois Historic Preservation Agency operates four surviving buildings in the village as a state historic site located within the Bishop Hill Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1984.

Bishop Hill was the site of a utopian religious community founded in 1846 by Swedish pietist Eric Janson. The settlers of Bishop Hill included skilled carpenters and craftsmen. Today visitors can enter the two-story frame Greek Revival-style Colony Church (1848), part of which was once used as single-room apartments by colony residents and which features a museum about Bishop Hill's history and reproductions of Colony artifacts, the three-story stuccoed-brick Colony Hotel  (1852-ca. 1860), the small two-story frame Boys Dormitory (ca. 1850), and the Colony barn (mid-1850s) which was relocated behind the Hotel to the site of the original Hotel stable. The state also owns the village park with a gazebo and memorials to the town’s early settlers and Civil War soldiers. A museum building houses a collection of early American primitive paintings by colonist and folk artist Olof Krans.

References

Related reading
Barton; H. Arnold  (1994)   A Folk Divided: Homeland Swedes and Swedish-Americans, 1840-1940   (Southern Illinois University Press)  
Lovoll, Odd S.  (1993)  Nordics in America: The Future of Their Past (Norwegian American Historical Association)

External links
Bishop Hill State Historic Site
Bishop Hill, Henry County, Illinois - detailed information on the site and photos
Bishop Hill Old Settlers' Association

Illinois State Historic Sites
Open-air museums in Illinois
Religious museums in Illinois
Art museums and galleries in Illinois
Museums in Henry County, Illinois
Swedish-American culture in Illinois
Juan Esquivel

Juan Esquivel may refer to:
Juan Esquivel Barahona (c. 1560 – after 1625), Spanish composer of the Renaissance
Juan de Esquivel (d. 1523), Spanish Governor of Jamaica, 1510–1514
Juan Bautista Esquivel Lobo (b. 1980), Costa Rican footballer
Juan García Esquivel (1918–2002), Mexican band leader, pianist, and film composer
Juan Cruz Esquivel (b. 2000), Argentine footballer
Counterscarp

A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides, respectively, of a ditch or moat used in fortifications.  Attackers (if they have not bridged the ditch) must descend the counterscarp and ascend the scarp.  In permanent fortifications the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers but to make advancing and retreating more difficult.

If an attacker succeeds in breaching a wall a coupure can be dug on the inside of the wall to hinder the forlorn hope, in which case the side of the ditch farthest from the breached wall and closest to the centre of the fortification is also called the counterscarp.

Counterscarp gallery

These are tunnels or "galleries" that have been built behind the counterscarp wall inside the moat or ditch. Each gallery is pierced with loopholes for musketry, so that attacking forces that enter the moat can be directly fired upon. Counterscarp galleries were usually built into the angles of the ditch to give the widest field of fire. Occasionally, casemated artillery batteries were built into the counterscarp, but they were more commonly designed for infantry weapons only. The galleries were usually connected to the main body of the fort by a tunnel which passed under the ditch, or by a caponier, a gallery built across the floor of the ditch.

References
 Counterscarp: European fortress wall - Art - Britannica Concise: diagram
 Stephen Francis Wyley (Drawings by Steven Lowe) A Dictionary of Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century: Counterscarp
 Counterscarp Gallery
 E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897 Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898: Counterscarp

Attribution

Further reading
 Jean Lafitte Historic Resource Study, (chapter 4): Jackson's line at Rodriguez Canal

Footnotes

Siege tactics
Fortification (architectural elements)
Thomas Ridout (politician)

Thomas Ridout (March 17, 1754 – February 8, 1829) was a political figure in Upper Canada.

Life and career
He was born in Sherborne, England, in 1754 and moved to Annapolis, Maryland in 1774. In 1787, he was travelling to Kentucky when his group was captured by a party of Shawnees; he was held captive and later released in Detroit, then held by the British. Ridout fled to Montreal instead of returning to Annapolis. He married the daughter of a Loyalist and settled with his family at Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake).

Ridout started work in 1793 as clerk for the Surveyor-General of Upper Canada, moved to York in 1797 and then as interim Surveyor-General with William Chewett from 1804 to 1805. In 1810, he was appointed to the post of Surveyor-General for Upper Canada in 1807, replacing Charles Burton Wyatt and Joseph Bouchette. It was in that position that he came to know Elijah Bentley. He had also been named registrar for York County in 1796 and justice of the peace in the Home District in 1806 and Chairman of the Home District Council from 1811 to 1829. In 1812, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada representing East York and Simcoe. He served on the board set up to deal with claims for compensation for losses sustained during the War of 1812. In 1825, he was named to the Legislative Council. In 1827, he was appointed to the first board of King's College.

He died in York (Toronto) in 1829. His sons, Samuel Smith Ridout (store keeper, militia soldier, Clerk of Surveyor General and Sheriff of York County), George Ridout (lawyer and judge), John Ridout and Thomas Gibbs Ridout, were also prominent members of Upper Canada society.
His granddaughter, Matilda Ridout Edgar, was a historian and feminist. In 1890 she published Ten years of Upper Canada in peace and war, 1805–1815, an edited collection of letters between Ridout and his sons George and Thomas Gibbs. This is a valuable source of information about life in Toronto and about the battles of the War of 1812.

References

Sources

Bibliography
 Jack Dwyer: Dorset Pioneers: The History Press: 2009:

External links 

 Thomas Ridout family fonds, Archives of Ontario

1754 births
1829 deaths
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Members of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada
People from Sherborne
Canadian justices of the peace
Immigrants to Upper Canada
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2001

The 7th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2001, were given on January 3, 2002.

Top 10 films
A Beautiful Mind (Academy Award for Best Picture)
Moulin Rouge!
Memento
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
In the Bedroom
Shrek
The Man Who Wasn't There
Mulholland Drive
Life as a House
Amélie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain)

Winners

Best Actor:
Russell Crowe – A Beautiful Mind
Best Actress:
Sissy Spacek – In the Bedroom
Best Animated Film:
Shrek
Best Cinematography:
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring – Andrew Lesnie
Best Director:
Ron Howard – A Beautiful Mind
Best Film:
 A Beautiful Mind 
Best Foreign Language Film:
Amélie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain) • France
Best Supporting Actor:
Ben Kingsley – Sexy Beast
Best Supporting Actress:
Marisa Tomei – In the Bedroom
Worst Film:
Freddy Got Fingered

References

External links
 Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website

2001
2001 film awards
2002 in Texas
15–16th & Locust station

15–16th & Locust station is the western terminus of the PATCO Speedline rapid transit route at 15th and Locust Streets in the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood of Center City Philadelphia. The station has a single island platform with a fare mezzanine above. The mezzanine level connects to the Downtown Link concourse, which connects to , , , and  stations in the Center City area.

Notable places nearby 
The station is within walking distance of the following notable places:
 Academy of Music
 Avenue of the Arts
 Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts
 Miller Theatre
 Rittenhouse Square
 University of the Arts
 Wilma Theater

References

External links 

 Official website at PATCO Speedline

PATCO Speedline stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1953
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2000

The 6th Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2000, were given on January 6, 2001.

Top 10 films
Traffic
Wo hu cang long (Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon)
Gladiator *Academy Award for Best Picture* 
O Brother, Where Art Thou?
Almost Famous
Erin Brockovich
Chicken Run
Wonder Boys
Finding Forrester
You Can Count on Me

Winners

Best Actor: 
Russell Crowe – Gladiator
Best Actress: 
Laura Linney – You Can Count on Me
Best Animated Film:
Chicken Run
Best Cinematography:
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long) – Peter Pau
Best Director: 
Steven Soderbergh – Traffic
Best Film:
Traffic
Best Foreign Film:
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long) • Taiwan
Best Supporting Actor:
 Albert Finney – Erin Brockovich
Best Supporting Actress: 
Kate Hudson – Almost Famous
Worst Film:
Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000

References

External links
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website

2000
2000 film awards
2000 in Texas
12–13th & Locust station

12–13th & Locust station is a PATCO Speedline subway station at 12th and Locust Streets in the Washington Square West neighborhood of the Center City Philadelphia. The station has a single island platform with a fare mezzanine above. The mezzanine level connects to the Center City Pedestrian Concourse, which connects subway and regional rail stations in the Center City area.

Construction work to make the station accessible, including street to mezzanine and mezzanine to platform elevators, began in October 2020.

References

External links 

Official website

PATCO Speedline stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1953
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
Cyphotilapia frontosa

Cyphotilapia frontosa, also called the front cichlid and frontosa cichlid, is an east African species of fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika. The genus name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "cypho-", meaning "curved", and tilapia, which means "fish" in a local dialect. The species name frontosa is a reference to its relatively large forehead.

Description
C. frontosa can grow to  in length. Even captive specimens potentially grow to this size. It has distinct markings with five to seven  black vertical bars adorning a white or blue body and head and trailing fins with a distinct blue hue.  The species also develops a nuchal hump that is more pronounced in older specimens. C. frontosa is a sexually monomorphic species, although the hump is occasionally more pronounced in males. These fish can live over 25 years.

As is the case with many of the cichlid species found in Lake Tanganyika, isolation of distinct breeding colonies has resulted in several different colour variants evolving.

Distribution and habitat
This species  is endemic to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa and is widespread in the northern half of the lake, whereas the closely related C. gibberosa inhabits the southern half of the lake. The species generally resides at greater depths (30–50 m subsurface) than most other cichlids, and rises to shallow waters in the early morning to feed on shoaling fish such as Cyprichromis species. When kept in aquariums they must be kept between 25 and 30 degrees, they will also need many dark spots, etc. Caves.

References

 

frontosa
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Fish described in 1906
Nazareth (album)

Nazareth is the debut album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in 1971. The album featured the hit single "Dear John," and a cover of "Morning Dew."

Track listing

30th anniversary bonus tracks

Personnel 
Nazareth
 Dan McCafferty - lead vocals
 Darrell Sweet - drums, backing vocals
 Pete Agnew - bass guitar, guitar, back vocals, lead vocals (4)
 Manny Charlton - guitar, backing vocals
Additional musicians
 Dave Stewart - organ (5)
 Pete Wingfield - piano (2, 7)
 Pete York - congas, jawbone, tambourine (9)
 B.J. Cole - slide guitar (7)
 Colin Frechter - string and brass arrangements (5, 9)
Technical
 Mike Brown - remastering
 Robert M. Corich - liner notes, remastering
 Roy Thomas Baker - engineer
 John Punter - strings overdubbed 
 Dave Hitchcock - producer
 C.C.S. Associates - sleeve design
 Jim Wilson - photography

References

External links 
 Lyrics to songs from Nazareth

Nazareth (band) albums
1971 debut albums
Mooncrest Records albums
Warner Records albums
A&M Records albums
Philips Records albums
Vertigo Records albums
albums recorded at Trident Studios
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 1999

The 5th Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honored the best in film for 1999.

Winners
Best Actor: 
Kevin Spacey - American Beauty
Best Actress: 
Hilary Swank - Boys Don't Cry
Best Director: 
Sam Mendes - American Beauty
Best Picture: 
American Beauty
Best Supporting Actor: 
Haley Joel Osment - The Sixth Sense
Best Supporting Actress: 
Julianne Moore - Cookie's Fortune

References

External links
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website

1999
1999 film awards
Walnut–Locust station

Walnut–Locust/Avenue of the Arts (also Walnut–Locust) is a subway station on SEPTA's Broad Street Line in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The station is located between Walnut Street and Locust Street at 200 South Broad Street in the Avenue of the Arts district of Center City, Philadelphia.

Walnut–Locust is served by local trains, special express trains for sporting events, and is the southern terminus for express trains, which reverse direction on tracks immediately south of the station.  On the special service, the station is the last stop before its terminus at the NRG station.

It is the southernmost station in the Center City Concourse, the 500,000+ sq ft underground pedestrian concourse in Center City, which extends to Spruce Street. The concourse connects to City Hall Station, the Market–Frankford Line, Subway–Surface Trolley Lines, Regional Rail and PATCO Speedline's 12–13th & Locust Station and 15–16th & Locust Station.  However, no free interchange is available.

Passengers utilizing Walnut–Locust station may access the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, the Bellevue shops and restaurants, and the Academy of Music.  Seven blocks east of the station lies Washington Square, while Rittenhouse Square lies four blocks west.

History 
Walnut-Locust station was built by the city of Philadelphia and opened on April 20, 1930.  This extended express trains one stop south from their initial terminus at City Hall station.

Station layout

Gallery

References

External links 

 Walnut Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 Locust Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 Spruce Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

SEPTA Broad Street Line stations
Railway stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1930
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
List of political magazines

This is a list of political magazines.

Currently published

No longer published

 The American Mercury, Conservative
 The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Conservative, (1876–1924)
 Arayış, Social Democratic, (1981–1982)
 Dissent (2000–2014)
 Al Fajr Al Jadid, Leftist (1945–1946)
 Forth (2009–2018)
 Fortnight Magazine (1970–2012)
 George (1995–2001)
 Insight, Conservative
 Ken Magazine, Communist 
 Khamsin, Anti-Zionist, Socialist (1975–1989)
 National Guardian, Communist/Maoist, (1948–1992)
 Det nye Danmark, Conservative, (1928–1937)
 Partisan Review (1934–2003)
 Profane Existence (1989–2013)
 Rinascita, Communist (1944–1991)
 Sawt al-Bahrain (1950–1954)
 Società, Communist (1941–1961)
 Statsborgeren, (1831–1837)
 Viikkosanomat, Conservative (1922–1975)
 The Weekly Standard, Neoconservative, (1995–2018)
 The World of Tomorrow, Socialist (Pacifist)
 The Yankee'' (1828–1829)

Notes

References

Political magazines
Political magazines
National Production Authority

The National Production Authority (NPA) was an agency of the United States government which developed and promoted the production and supply of materials and facilities necessary for defense mobilization. It was part of the Department of Commerce.

The agency was created by Department Order 123, issued September 11, 1950, under authority of the Defense Production Act of 1950 and Executive Order 10161 (issued September 9, 1950). The organization's function was to ensure the needs of the civilian economy were adequately represented in defense mobilization efforts, and that small businesses were participating in defense contracts.

In 1951, after the escalation of the Korean War, the NPA was placed under the control of the Defense Production Administration in the Office of Defense Mobilization.  

The NPA was abolished by Department Order 152, issued October 1, 1953. Its functions were dispersed among a number of successor agencies, including the Business and Defense Services Administration (1953–1970); the Bureau of Domestic Commerce (1970–1972); the Domestic and International Business Administration (1972–1977); the Industry and Trade Administration (1977–1980); and the International Trade Administration (1980–present).

References
"New Machine." Time. January 15, 1951
Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G. Truman and Korea: The Political Culture of the Early Cold War. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1999.

External links
Records of the National Production Authority. Record Group 277. 1941-53 (bulk 1950-53). National Archives and Records Administration.
Papers of Edward K. Moss (Director of Public Information for the National Production Authority), Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library 

Defunct agencies of the United States government
Korean War
Military logistics of the United States
United States Department of Commerce
Government agencies established in 1950
Government agencies disestablished in 1953
1950 establishments in the United States
1953 disestablishments in the United States