alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Million Dollar Corner

The Million Dollar Corner is a small building next to Macy's Herald Square at 1313 Broadway, at the corner with 34th Street, in Herald Square, Manhattan, New York City. On December 6, 1911, the five-story building sold for a then-record $1 million (equivalent to $ million in ).

The building had been purchased by Robert H. Smith in 1900 for $375,000 (equivalent to $ million in ). The idea had been to keep Macy's, which had announced plans to start construction on the block in 1901, from becoming the largest store in the world. It is largely supposed that Smith, who was a neighbor of the Macy's store on 14th Street, was acting on behalf of Siegel-Cooper, which had built what they thought was the world's largest store on Sixth Avenue in 1896. Macy's ignored the tactic and built around the building, but later struck a deal whereby the building began to carry a large Macy's billboard, generally a "shopping bag" sign (proclaiming Macy's the "world's largest store"), by lease arrangement.

In September 2021, Macy's accused the billboard's owner Kaufman Realty of negotiating to lease the space to an online retailer before Macy's most recent lease expired that August. Macy's claimed that the lessee was almost certainly Amazon and filed for an injunction preventing Kaufman from leasing the space to a competitor. Macy's claimed that a 1963 agreement prohibited such a lease "forever" and that an Amazon billboard would be highly visible during the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Kaufman denied that it had communicated with Amazon but did not otherwise dispute the claim it was trying to lease the space to a Macy's competitor.

See also
 Holdout (real estate)

References
Notes

Sources
  N.Y.C. street scenes--million dollar corner, 34th St. & Broadway. Small plot which sold for a million dollars, Publisher: 1911 Dec 21.,  OCLC: 51123555

External links

Geography of Manhattan
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
History of New York City
Real estate holdout
Broadway (Manhattan)
34th Street (Manhattan)
List of volcanoes in Pakistan

This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Pakistan. Most of these are mud volcanoes, rather than the conventional magmatic type.

References

External links
 Makran Mud Volcanoes
 The Volcanoes of Pakistan
 Active mud volcanoes on- and offshore eastern Makran, Pakistan
 The mud volcanoes of Pakistan

Volcanoes
Volcanoes of Pakistan
Pakistan
Volcanoes
William Bartee

William Anthony Bartee ( ; born June 25, 1977) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire career for the Kansas City Chiefs.  He spent two years at the University of Oklahoma after beginning his college career at Butler County Community College in El Dorado, Kansas.  He totaled 60 tackles, two interceptions, two fumble recoveries, 2 forced fumbles, 7 tackles for loss, 12 passes defensed and 1 sack.  He was selected by Kansas City in the 2000 NFL Draft. Before the 2006 season, the Chiefs signed Ty Law, so William Bartee agreed to change his number from 24 to 21.

Bartee missed the entire 2006 season due to injury and was placed on the PUP list in November. He was released by the Chiefs after the season.

NFL stats

References

External links
NFL.com player page

1977 births
Living people
American football cornerbacks
American football safeties
Butler Grizzlies football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Oklahoma Sooners football players
Players of American football from Daytona Beach, Florida
Echo Canyon State Park

Echo Canyon State Park is a public recreation area located about  east of the town of Pioche, Nevada, United States. The state park surrounds the  Echo Canyon Reservoir. The scenic area around Echo Canyon has several ranches and farms. The park ranges in elevation from  to  and sees occasional winter snows.

History
The reservoir was created with the building in 1969–70 of the Echo Canyon Dam in the Meadow Valley Wash approximately ten miles downstream from Eagle Valley Reservoir. It is also a historical site along the Mormon trail. Following development of a camping area, the Nevada Division of State Parks took control of operations in 1970.

Activities and amenities
The park offers campsites, picnicking, boat launch, and fishing. The  Ash Canyon hiking trail leads into backcountry areas of the park.

References

External links

Echo Canyon State Park Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of Lincoln County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1970
1970 establishments in Nevada
Reservoirs in Nevada
Ellen Travolta

Ellen M. Travolta (born October 6, 1939) is an American actress known for playing Louisa Arcola Delvecchio in Happy Days and Joanie Loves Chachi as well as Lillian in Charles in Charge (1987-1990).

Early years
Ellen M. Travolta was born on October 6, 1939, in Englewood, New Jersey to Salvatore ("Sam") Travolta and Helen Cecilia (née Burke) Travolta. Her father was a semi-professional football player before becoming a tire salesman and a partner in a Firestone franchise called Travolta Tires.

Travolta has five younger siblings: Joey, Margaret, Sam, Ann, and Hollywood star John.

Travolta attended Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey and Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Career
As an actress and singer, she appeared with "The Sunshine Sisters," a radio vocal group. She later became a drama coach, actress, and director of student productions.

She is probably best known for her portrayal of Louisa Arcola Delvecchio, the aunt of Fonzie (Henry Winkler) and mother of Chachi Arcola (Scott Baio), in five episodes during the 1980s of the 1950s-era American sitcom Happy Days and in episodes of its spin-off Joanie Loves Chachi. Travolta also played the mother of Baio's character on the syndicated comedy series Charles in Charge from 1987 to 1990.

She had already portrayed Jimmy Baio's mother on a 1978 episode of The Love Boat. Travolta played Mrs. Horshack-O'Hara in three episodes of Welcome Back, Kotter, a comedy series on which her brother, actor John Travolta, starred as Vinnie Barbarino. She also appeared alongside her brother in the 1978 summer blockbuster Grease. Later in the 1970s, she played Dorothy Manucci in the short-lived television series Makin' It. She played Marion Keisker in John Carpenter's 1979 television film Elvis.

Personal life
Travolta has been a longtime performer and supporter of the Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre where she appeared in a production of Hello, Dolly! in the Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre in 2000 and 2012 playing the star role opposite her husband's portrayal of Horace Vandergelder. The theatre is the beneficiary of the Helen Burke Travolta Memorial fund, established in honor of Travolta's mother. Travolta has stated, "My mother was the beginning of all of this for us. She loved the theater, and she was always involved with the community theater and she encouraged all of us to be in it."

Travolta married James Fridley in May 1964. They had two children, a son, actor Tom Fridley and a daughter, Molly Allen Ritter.

Travolta and Fridley divorced in 1977. She then married actor Jack Bannon on April 9, 1983. In 1994, the couple moved to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. They remained together until Bannon's death in 2017.

Selected TV and filmography

References

External links

 
 

1940 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
Dwight Morrow High School alumni
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
Living people
Actresses from Englewood, New Jersey
Travolta family
Jiha Lee

Jiha Lee is the former keyboardist of the Good Life and has performed with Bright Eyes.  Having left the Good Life after their second album, Black Out, she returned to record the track "Inmates" for Album of the Year.  Her recordings with Bright Eyes include vocals and flute on tracks from Fevers and Mirrors, Lifted, and Digital Ash in a Digital Urn.  She also played the flute on the track "Hail To Whatever You Found in the Sunlight That Surrounds You" on the Rilo Kiley album The Execution of All Things.

Album appearances
Bright Eyes - Fevers and Mirrors (2000 · Saddle Creek)
Sorry About Dresden - The Convenience of Indecision (2001 · Saddle Creek)
The Good Life - Black Out (2002 · Saddle Creek)
Bright Eyes - There Is No Beginning to the Story (2002 · Saddle Creek)
Bright Eyes - Lifted or The Story Is in the Soil, Keep Your Ear to the Ground (2002 · Saddle Creek)
Rilo Kiley - The Execution of All Things (2002 · Saddle Creek)
Tilly and the Wall - Wild Like Children (2004 · Team Love)
The Good Life - Album of the Year (2004 · Saddle Creek)
Bright Eyes - Digital Ash in a Digital Urn (2005 · Saddle Creek)

External links
Saddle Creek Records

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American keyboardists
American musicians of Korean descent
Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation

Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation (TALO) is a trade union in Estonia. It is affiliated with the European Trade Union Confederation.

See also

References

External links
 Official website

Trade unions in Estonia
European Trade Union Confederation
1992 establishments in Estonia
Trade unions established in 1992
Lucrezia Bendidio

Lucrezia Bendidio (Signora or Contessa Machiavella) (April 8, 1547 – after 1584) was an Italian singer and noblewoman from Ferrara. 

She started as a lady-in-waiting for Leonora d'Este in 1561. Many poets wrote of her great skill as a singer, including Torquato Tasso and Giovanni Battista Pigna. She was in fact an early love of Tasso's in 1561, as well as of Cardinal Luigi d'Este and Pigna. Tasso's character "Licori" in his play Aminta was based on her. 

She was part of the famous Concerto delle donne during its early period. She was later married to Count Baldassare Macchiavelli of Ferrara. With her sister Isabella Bendidio she sang for private court evenings as part of the musica secreta of the court. 

Another sister, Taddea, married Giovanni Battista Guarini; their daughter Anna Guarini was a singer in the concerto delle donne during the second period.

References
Anthony Newcomb. "Lucrezia Bendidio", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed April 12, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Newcomb, Anthony. The Madrigal at Ferrara, 1579-1597. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. (1980)

Notes

Torquato Tasso
Italian women singers
1547 births
16th-century deaths
Musicians from Ferrara
Italian ladies-in-waiting
16th-century Italian singers
16th-century Italian women singers
Cave Lake State Park

Cave Lake State Park is a public recreation area occupying more than  in the Schell Creek Range, adjacent to Humboldt National Forest, in White Pine County, Nevada. The state park is located at an elevation of   southeast of Ely and is accessed via U.S. Route 50 and Success Summit Road. It features a  reservoir for fishing and flat-wake boating.

History
The Cave Creek Dam which created Cave Lake was constructed in 1932. The facility was purchased by the Nevada Department of Wildlife in 1971 for $10. Two years later it was transferred to Nevada State Parks. The park saw an increase in size of  with the completion of a land transfer from the U.S. Forest Service in 2015.

Activities and amenities
The park is popular for brown and rainbow trout fishing, ice fishing, crawdadding, camping, and picnicking. Hiking is offered on four developed trails, three to five miles in length. For overnight stays, the park offers a yurt and two designated campgrounds, Elk Flat and Lake View, with modern facilities. Winter activities include ice fishing, ice skating, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling.

Ely's annual Fire and Ice Festival is held in January at the park, sufficient ice and snow permitting. The event, which began in 2005, features an ice and snow sculpture contest, and concludes with a fireworks show. Bathtub races have also been held at the lake each year since 2010. Both events have been named by the American Bus Association among the top 100 events in North America.

References

External links

Cave Lake State Park Nevada State Parks
Cave Lake State Park Trail Map Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of the Great Basin
Protected areas of White Pine County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1973
1973 establishments in Nevada
Reservoirs in Nevada
Great Basin National Heritage Area
Garden (disambiguation)

A garden is an area set aside for the cultivation and enjoyment of plant and other natural life.

Garden may also refer to:

Places

United Kingdom
Buckingham Palace Garden, full title The Garden at Buckingham Palace, and often referred to as The Garden
 Kent, the "Garden of England"

United States 
Garden, Michigan
Garden, Ohio
Garden, Utah
Garden County, Nebraska
Garden Lake, a lake in Minnesota
Garden Township (disambiguation), several
Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, Washington, D.C.
Madison Square Garden, in New York City, nicknamed "The Garden"
New Jersey, a U.S. state also known as the "Garden State"
White House Rose Garden, Washington, D.C.

Elsewhere
 Garden, Karachi, one of the neighbourhoods of Saddar Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
 Garden Island (disambiguation), several
 Gardens, Cape Town
 Victoria (Australia), an Australian state also known as the "Garden State"

People
Garden (surname)

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music
 Garden (album), a live album by Cecil Taylor
 Gardens (album), by Sly Withers, 2021
 Gardens, an EP by The Beast
 "Garden" (Totally Enormous Extinct Dinosaurs song), 2011
 "Garden", a 1983 song by the Fall from Perverted by Language
 "Garden", a 1991 song by Pearl Jam from Ten
 "Garden", a 2017 song by Dua Lipa from Dua Lipa
 "Garden", a 2003 song by Sayaka Kanda
 "Garden", a 2018 song by Kanye West from Yandhi

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
Garden (Final Fantasy VIII), a group of military academies in the video game Final Fantasy VIII
 Garden, one of the linked diptych of plays by Alan Ayckbourn published together as House & Garden
 Garden, one of the television idents in the BBC Two '1991–2001' idents package.
 "Gardens", a Series G episode of the television series QI (2009)

Computing and technology
CSS Zen Garden, a web development resource
Garden framework, upon which the Vanilla forum is built 
Walled garden, another name for a closed system

Garden types and their uses
Alpine garden
Botanical garden
Hanging garden (cultivation)
Market gardening, small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops
Walled garden, a garden enclosed by high walls for horticultural purposes

Other uses
"The Garden", the name given to the school of Epicurus in Athens
The Garden Company Limited, Hong Kong-based bakery and confectionery manufacturer

See also
Garden apartment
Gardening club
Hans Majestet Kongens Garde (His Majesty The King's Guard; the Royal Guards), a battalion of the Norwegian Army
Home garden (disambiguation)
List of garden types
List of gardens
The Garden (disambiguation)
Torture Garden (disambiguation)
Dayton State Park

Dayton State Park is a  public recreation area in the town of Dayton, Nevada, USA. The state park preserves the site of the Rock Point Stamp Mill, which was built in 1861 to process silver ore mined from the Comstock Lode.

Features
The park is separated into distinct upper and lower sections by U.S. Route 50, which runs through the center of the park.

Lower park
The park's main entrance is in the "lower" or eastern portion which preserves a section of woodlands along the Carson River.  In 1997, the valley flooded and permanently changed the course of the river, which now runs significantly farther to the east than it once did. The now dry, former riverbed can be seen. Nature trails along the ever-changing Carson River provide for bird and wildlife viewing. Day-use and group picnic areas and a 10-site campground are also located here.

Upper park
The "upper" or western section of the park can be accessed through a pedestrian tunnel that runs beneath U.S. 50 to the Rock Point mill ruins. The Rock Point Stamp Mill was built in 1861 to process ore from Silver City and Virginia City. Wooden flumes (the remains of which are also visible) provided the necessary water for the milling process from the nearby Carson River. Rock Point was one of the largest processing mills along the Carson River.

After the mill was dismantled and moved to Silver City in the 1920s, the area was used as the town garbage dump for 30 years. The ruins of the mill include a concrete water storage tank, a reservoir and head-gage, stamp battery footings, building foundations, rock retaining walls, waterways, and “hermits cave.” Remnants of the garbage dump are visible, as is a section of the old U.S. 50. The property was deeded to the state in 1954 to be managed by the Nevada Department of Transportation. It was officially established as a state park in 1977 and opened to the public in 1979.

Activities and amenities
The park offers a 10-site campground, picnicking areas, and nature trails.

References

External links
Dayton State Park Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas established in 1977
Protected areas of Lyon County, Nevada
1977 establishments in Nevada
Stamp mills
Silver mining in the United States
Kershaw–Ryan State Park

Kershaw–Ryan State Park is a public recreation area on Nevada State Route 317,  south of the town of Caliente, Nevada. The state park covers  at the northern end of Rainbow Canyon in an area that was homesteaded in 1873.

History

The canyon was settled in 1873 by Samuel and Hannah Kershaw, who operated a ranch called the Meadow Valley Wash Ranch. In 1904, they sold the property to rancher James Ryan, who donated the land to the state in 1926 to be a public park. The Civilian Conservation Corps developed visitor amenities in 1934, and Kershaw–Ryan State Park was officially established as one of Nevada's first four state parks the following year. A flash flood in 1984 destroyed most of the park's facilities, including the stone caretaker's cabin built by the CCC. After rebuilding and redesign, the park reopened in 1997. The trail system was expanded by 3.28 miles by the Great Basin Institute between August 2018 and late 2019.

Activities and amenities
The park offers camping, picnicking, and a group-use area. Hikers can explore the  Canyon Overlook Trail and shorter Rattlesnake Loop.

References

External links

Kershaw–Ryan State Park Nevada State Parks
Kershaw–Ryan State Park Trail Map Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of Lincoln County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1935
1935 establishments in Nevada
Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada
Lake Tahoe–Nevada State Park

Lake Tahoe–Nevada State Park is a state park comprising multiple management units and public recreation areas on the northeast shores of Lake Tahoe in the U.S. state of Nevada. The park covers approximately . The Marlette Lake Water System, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, lies within park boundaries.

Park units

Sand Harbor
Sand Harbor features a large sandy beach, picnicking facilities, nature trail, boat launch, and visitors center and is the site of the Lake Tahoe Shakespeare Festival. The Sand Harbor unit covers .

Cave Rock
Cave Rock is a day-use area along U.S. 50 with boat launch, picnic areas, and sandy beach. The site, located beneath Cave Rock and the Cave Rock Tunnel, measures slightly more than .

Spooner Lake
Spooner Lake is located near the intersection of U.S. Route 50 and State Route 28 at "Spooner Summit." The unit's  are used for hiking, picnicking, fishing, and wildlife viewing. The site is the primary starting point for the Marlette/Hobart Backcountry trails and the main vehicle entrance to both areas. Snow Valley Peak may be reached by hiking along North Canyon Creek from Spooner Lake north almost to Marlett Lake and then east to the summit.

Marlette/Hobart backcountry
The Marlette/Hobart backcountry covers  in the Carson Range. Among the area's multiple trails are the Flume Trail, which has views of Lake Tahoe, and a portion of the Tahoe Rim Trail. The area encompasses Marlette Lake and Hobart Reservoir, which were created to feed the Marlette Lake Water System during the area's early mining and logging years. Remnants of abandoned mills can be seen. Two rustic cabins and several backpacking campsites provide overnight amenities.

Highway 28 corridor
The park areas along Nevada State Route 28 cover  that include Hidden Beach, a secluded sandy beach just south of Incline Village accessible by trail or water, and Memorial Point, a roadside park that connects by trail to Sand Harbor.

References

External links

Sand Harbor—Lake Tahoe Nevada State Park Nevada State Parks
Spooner Lake & Backcountry—Lake Tahoe Nevada State Park Nevada State Parks
Cave Rock—Lake Tahoe Nevada State Park Nevada State Parks

Lake Tahoe
State parks of Nevada
Protected areas established in 1958
1958 establishments in Nevada
Protected areas of Carson City, Nevada
Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Protected areas of Washoe County, Nevada
No Creo

"No Creo" (I don't believe) is a song written and performed by the Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira.  The song was released as the fourth single, although initially intended to be the lead,  from her multi-platinum album Dónde Están los Ladrones? (1998) and later from her acoustic performance of the song on the MTV show Unplugged (2000). In the song, the singer expresses how she believes in nothing and nobody except her lover. The song references popular socially accepted or non-accepted norms such as herself, luck, Karl Marx, Jean-Paul Sartre, Mars and Venus, and Brian Weiss.

Music video
The video begins in a room, where Shakira jumps out of a window into a grassland where eccentric people are present.  She scratches the ceiling of a room, goes through dark rooms, riots, swims through a washing room. A brief scene of the video is played on a screen in the music video for "Ciega, Sordomuda", which sparked speculation that some scenes were shot back-to-back with "Ciega, Sordomuda". It was later confirmed that although "No Creo" was originally intended to be the first single from the album, Sony decided that "Ciega, Sordomuda" would be a better opener of the album cycle.

Formats and track listings

Spanish Maxi CD
 "No Creo" (G-Vô Club Mix)6:20
 "No Creo" (Pablo Flores Club 12" Remix)9:42
 "No Creo" (Pablo Flores Radio Edit)4:44
 "No Creo" (Pablo Flores Dub Mix)7:27
 "No Creo" (LP Version)3:53

Charts

References

Spanish-language songs
Shakira songs
Songs written by Shakira
Songs written by Luis Fernando Ochoa
1998 songs
Classical mythology in music
1999 singles
Hierochloe

Hierochloe is a genus of plants in the grass family known generally as sweetgrass. These are perennial rhizomatous grasses found primarily in temperate and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America, although some species extend southwards into Australia and Latin America.

These erect green grasses are known for their sweet scent. They bear panicle inflorescences with rounded grass grain fruits.

Some authors advocate merging the two genera Hierochloe and Anthoxanthum, though others disagree.

 Species

 formerly included
numerous species now regarded as better suited to other genera: Anthoxanthum Centotheca Holcus

References

Pooideae
Poaceae genera
South Fork State Recreation Area

South Fork State Recreation Area is a state park unit of the state of Nevada covering nearly four thousand acres, located  due south of Elko. The park comprises the  South Fork Reservoir and surrounding marsh, meadowlands, and hills.

History
The land was formerly the site of the Tomera Ranch, which was sold to the state in 1983. The reservoir was created with construction of the South Fork Dam, an impoundment on the South Fork of the Humboldt River authorized in 1983 and completed in 1988. Filling of the reservoir was completed in 1995.

Activities and amenities
Facilities include a 25-site campground, boat ramp, and parking area near the dam. The reservoir is known for its trophy-class trout and bass fishing. South Fork Canyon, managed by the Bureau of Land Management below the dam, is available for hiking, floating, and fishing.

References

External links

South Fork State Recreation Area Nevada State Parks
South Fork State Recreation Area Trail Map Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of Elko County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1983
1983 establishments in Nevada
Reservoirs in Nevada
Preganglionic nerve fibers

In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the CNS to the ganglion are known as preganglionic fibers. All preganglionic fibers, whether they are in the sympathetic division or in the parasympathetic division, are  cholinergic (that is, these fibers use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter) and they are myelinated.

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers tend to be shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic fibers because sympathetic ganglia are often closer to the spinal cord than are the parasympathetic ganglia.  Another major difference between the two ANS (autonomic nervous systems) is divergence.  Whereas in the parasympathetic division there is a divergence factor of roughly 1:4, in the sympathetic division there can be a divergence of up to 1:20.  This is due to the number of synapses formed by the preganglionic fibers with ganglionic neurons.

See also
 Postganglionic fibers
 Nerve fiber

References

External links
 Diagram at uwaterloo.ca

Autonomic nervous system
Walker Lake State Recreation Area

Walker Lake State Recreation Area is a recreation area of Nevada, United States, located on the west shore of Walker Lake. The area was previously protected as a Nevada State Park. It is situated is within the Great Basin, and the Central Nevada Region of the Nevada State Parks system. Walker Lake State Recreation Area is located north of the town of Hawthorne, on U.S. Route 95 in Nevada.

References

External links
Walker Lake State Recreation Area

Protected areas of Mineral County, Nevada
State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of the Great Basin
Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park

Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park is an area designated for historic preservation and public recreation located  south of the town of Ely in White Pine County, Nevada. The  state park protects beehive-shaped charcoal ovens constructed in the latter half of the 19th century.

History
Ovens
The charcoal ovens are associated with the silver mining ghost town of  Ward, Nevada, established in 1876. The town at its peak had a population of 1500, two newspapers, a school, fire department, two smelters and a stamp mill. The town declined after 1880, with a fire in 1883 destroying a third of the town. The post office closed in 1888. Mining revived briefly in the 1930s and 1960s. The town has been mostly destroyed by repeated flash flooding in its low-lying site. Only the smelter, mill foundations and a cemetery are left.

The charcoal ovens are two miles to the south of the townsite. Six large ovens remain in excellent repair,  high,  in diameter, with walls  thick at the base. The ovens were in operation from 1876 through 1879. They were built of quartz latite welded tuff by itinerant Swiss Italian masons who specialized in the ovens, who were known as carbonari. The beehive shape was designed as a more efficient version of the open-pit system that originated in Italy. The charcoal ovens prepared charcoal from locally harvested timber for use in the smelters at Ward, using 30 to 60 bushels of charcoal per ton of ore, for 16,000 bushels a day. The Ward ovens are the best-preserved of their kind in Nevada. They were listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Park
The area was under private ownership and management until 1956, when the Nevada State Park Commission was offered a permit to protect the ovens. Two privately owned parcels were transferred to the Nevada Department of Wildlife in 1968, and in 1969, 160 acres were transferred to the state park system to create a state monument. The area was designated a state park in 1994, when recreational facilities were added to the site.

Activities and amenities
The park offers camping, picnicking, and trails for hiking and mountain biking.

References

External links

Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park Nevada State Parks
Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park Trail Map Nevada State Parks

 

State parks of Nevada
Charcoal ovens
Buildings and structures in White Pine County, Nevada
History of White Pine County, Nevada
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
Protected areas of White Pine County, Nevada
National Register of Historic Places in White Pine County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1969
Great Basin National Heritage Area
Industrial buildings completed in 1876
1876 establishments in Nevada
Washoe Lake State Park

Washoe Lake State Park is a year-round public recreation area occupying  on the southeast shore of Washoe Lake in Washoe County, Nevada. The state park lies to the east of Lake Tahoe, approximately  north of Carson City near U.S. Route 395. The area around the park is known for its high winds making Washoe Lake a popular destination for windsurfers.

History
The first known inhabitants of the area in and surrounding Washoe State Park were the Washoe people. The Washoe would generally spend the winter in the lowlands of the Washoe Valley and summer on the shores of Lake Tahoe. The Washoe used cattails and willows from the shores of Washoe Lake to make baskets.

White settlers arrived on a permanent basis in the area soon after the discovery of silver in the Comstock Lode near Virginia City in 1859. The find brought thousands of traders, loggers, and miners to the Washoe Valley. Franktown, west of Washoe Lake, was established by Mormon pioneers in the same year. Two silver processing mills were built near the lake. Ophir Mill was built on Washoe Lake's western shore and the New York Mill was built beside Little Washoe Lake. The remnants of both mills can be seen today.

The Virginia and Truckee Railroad was built through the valley in 1872. It connected Reno with Carson City. This railroad remained in operation until 1950. The mining boom was over by the end of the 1870s and many of the early settlers left the area. Those that remained began ranching and farming the land. The Washoe people were not fully displaced from their traditional lands until the farms and ranches took hold in the Washoe Valley.

Washoe Lake State Park was opened on the southern and eastern shores of the lake in 1977. It was established to preserve the scenic beauty of the area for future generations. The cities of Reno and Carson City are encroaching on the lands of Washoe Lake State Park, but its protected status ensures that the park will remain in its natural state for years to come. Commonly seen wildlife include mule deer, hawk, coyotes, and eagles.

Activities and amenities
Recreational opportunities at the park include picnicking facilities, boat launches, a 49-site campground, equestrian area, and several miles of trails open to foot, horse, and ATV traffic. A large group pavilion has a beach volleyball pit and horseshoe pit nearby. The park is open to hunting during the designated hunting seasons. The lake has been stocked by the Nevada Division of Wildlife since 2004 when Washoe Lake last dried up.

In popular culture
One of the scenes from John Wayne's final film The Shootist was filmed at the park.

References

External links

Washoe Lake State Park Nevada State Parks
Washoe Lake State Park Trail Map Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas established in 1977
Protected areas of Washoe County, Nevada
1977 establishments in Nevada
SlaughtaHouse

SlaughtaHouse is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Masta Ace Incorporated and the second album by Brooklyn-based rapper Masta Ace. It was released on May 4, 1993, through Delicious Vinyl. Recording sessions took place at Firehouse Studios in Brooklyn. Production was handled by Masta Ace under his producer moniker 'Ase One', as well as the Bluez Brothas, Uneek, Latief, and the Beatheads, with Orlando Aguillen serving as executive producer. It peaked at number 134 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

The loose concept of the album is addressing the growing trend of violence in hip-hop music at the time, notably from gangsta rap. He addresses this satirically in the over-the-top single "Slaughtahouse". The album infuses West Coast funk-influenced beats with rough "New York rhyming". The 2008 repress of the album includes the single "Born to Roll", a bass-heavy remix of "Jeep Ass Niguh". This version became a hit single in 1994, reaching the Top 25 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also presaged a new bass-heavy direction on his next album, Sittin' on Chrome.

The album was reissued twice in recent years. The first reissue was released in 2008. The second reissue was released in December 2013 as a deluxe edition with a second disc of 17 additional remixes, accapellas and rarities.

Track listing

Personnel
Duval "Masta Ace"/"Ase One" Clear – performer (tracks: 1–13, 15), producer (tracks: 6–9, 11, 14), co-producer (tracks: 3, 5, 12), arranger (track 2), recording, mixing, art direction
Sean "Uneek"/"MC Negro" McFadden – performer (tracks: 2, 15), producer (tracks: 1, 2, 6, 15), co-producer (track 7)
Courtney "Eyce"/"The Ignorant MC" McFadden – performer (tracks: 2, 14, 15)
Reginald "Lord Digga" Ellis – performer (tracks: 2, 5, 7–9, 13, 15), producer (tracks: 4, 10, 12, 13), co-producer (track 9)
Paula Perry – performer (tracks: 2, 10)
Leschea A. Boatwright – performer (track 14)
Anthony "Latief" King – producer (tracks: 3, 8), co-producer (track 11)
Norman "Witchdoc" Glover – producer (tracks: 4, 10, 12, 13), co-producer (track 9)
Christian Schneider – producer (track 5)
Jochen Wenke – producer (track 5)
Orlando Aguillen – executive producer
Blaise Dupuy – recording, mixing
Tony Dawsey – mastering
George DuBose – art direction, design, photography
Jonathan Pollack – management

Charts

References

External links

1993 albums
Masta Ace albums
Delicious Vinyl albums
Wild Horse State Recreation Area

Wild Horse State Recreation Area is a public recreation area located on the northeast shore of Wild Horse Reservoir, approximately  north of Elko, Nevada. The  park is a popular destination for fishing, and especially ice fishing, on the reservoir, which was created in 1937 and enlarged to cover  with the creation of a new dam in 1969. In addition to year-round fishing, the park offers opportunities for camping, picnicking, boating, ice skating, sledding, snowmobiling, and skiing.

References

External links

Wild Horse State Recreation Area Nevada State Parks
Wild Horse State Recreation Area Trail Map Nevada State Parks

State parks of Nevada
Protected areas of Elko County, Nevada
Protected areas established in 1979
1979 establishments in Nevada
Jaywick Martello Tower

Jaywick Martello Tower is a renovated Martello tower at Jaywick,  south-west of Clacton-on-Sea, Essex. It now functions as an arts, heritage and community venue. It is a Grade II listed building and a scheduled monument.

History
The tower was one of several Martello towers on the east coast of England. They were constructed to defend the country against invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte and his armies. In total, 103 Martello towers were built between 1804 and 1812, 74 were built between 1804 and 1808 along the Kent and Sussex coast from Folkestone to Seaford, and 29 along the east coast between Point Clear near St Osyth and Aldeburgh from 1809 to 1812. The south coast towers were numbered 1 – 74 and the east coast towers were lettered A – Z. Three other east coast towers are known as AA, BB and CC. The tower at Jaywick is Tower D.

The tower was constructed from around 750,000 London Clay bricks manufactured at Grays and transported by barge. The brick walls are  thick and around  high. The roof held three sea-facing cannon, usually one heavier gun flanked by two smaller howitzers. The tower at Jaywick retains the installations for the cannon.

In 1904, the tower was sold by the War Office and became part of a golf course.

Arts venue

In 2005 the tower opened as a gallery space and arts venue managed by Essex County Council. It also provides a venue for a range of projects and events including community workshops, living history experiences, and live music. In 2011, a couple got married in the tower. In 2019, the tower hosted a meeting to discuss actions following Historic England reporting that several Martello Towers along this stretch of coast are in need of serious repairs.

See also
Soft Ices, a Jaywick-based arts project

References
Citations

Sources

 
 

Towers completed in 1809
Napoleonic war forts in England
Martello towers
Grade II listed buildings in Essex
Scheduled monuments in Essex
Clacton-on-Sea
General visceral efferent fibers

General visceral efferent fibers (GVE) or visceral efferents or autonomic efferents,  are the efferent nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system (also known as the visceral efferent nervous system)  that provide motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (contrast with special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers) through postganglionic varicosities.

GVE fibers may be either sympathetic or parasympathetic.

The cranial nerves containing GVE fibers include the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the facial nerve (CN VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and the vagus nerve (CN X).

Additional images

See also
 Nerve fiber
 Preganglionic fibers
 Efferent nerve

References

 
Autonomic nervous system
Totally Gay!

Totally Gay! is an American television special broadcast by VH1. The special premiered on August 18, 2003. It centrally focused on gay pop culture in the United States. The content of the show included sitcoms (Will & Grace), gay icons (Kyle and Lane Carlson, who say they are not gay), and the most popular dog breed (pug).

The somewhat light-hearted tone of the show was balanced at the end by narrator Trev Broudy discussing the assault that he had suffered shortly before the program was recorded, which left him with permanent brain damage.

A follow-up documentary titled Totally Gayer premiered on March 10, 2004.

References

External links
 Totally Gay! on Internet Movie Database
 Totally Gayer on Internet Movie Database

2003 television specials
American LGBT-related television shows
LGBT-related television specials
VH1 original programming
John G. Richardson

John G. Richardson (June 29, 1957 – June 16, 2020) was an American politician and consultant from Maine. A Democrat, he served as Maine's Commissioner of Economic and Community Development and the Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives. Richardson unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Governor of Maine in 2010. In February 2018, the Portland Press Herald reported that Richardson was involved in a potential conflict of interest case regarding the University of Maine and a $100 million redevelopment plan for the nearby Old Town mill. On February 9, 2018, the Portland Press Herald reported that there weren't any conflict of interest issues involving UMaine or Richardson.

Background
Richardson was born in Washington, D.C. He received his bachelor's degree from University of Maryland in 1983 and his Juris Doctor degree from Creighton University School of Law in 1987. He practiced law in Brunswick, Maine.

Political career
In 2002, Richardson was elected House Majority Leader in the 121st Legislature, where he was the political spokesperson for the House Democratic caucus.

Richardson was elected the 97th Speaker of the House of Representatives in 2005. As Speaker, he successfully led efforts eliminate a $1 billion budget deficit and to balance the budget, brokered legislation to cut taxes, and reformed the Business Equipment Tax Reimbursement law.

Richardson also sponsored the legislation which created the Mid Coast Regional Redevelopment Authority(MRRA) and served on its planning and implementing committees.

In January 2007, he was appointed Commissioner of the Maine Department of Economic and Community Development, a position that he held until November 2009. He also served as a board member on the Finance Authority of Maine (FAME).

Committee assignments
Business and Economic Development  (Chair)
Banking and Insurance 
Rules and Business of the House (Ex Officio)

2010 gubernatorial bid and public appearances
 
On April 26, 2010, just six weeks prior to the Democratic primary, Richardson ended his run for governor. He was denied failed public financing after the state ethics commission discovered hundreds of falsified or otherwise improperly collected $5 qualifying contributions which were required of candidates to obtain public funding.

Richardson was a political commentator on WCSH, Southern Maine' NBC affiliate. He also gave the political rebuttal to Governor Paul LePage's weekly radio address on WCME.

Death
Richardson died on June 16, 2020, at the age of 62, from an apparent heart attack.

Election history

References

1957 births
2020 deaths
Speakers of the Maine House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Majority leaders of the Maine House of Representatives
Politicians from Brunswick, Maine
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Creighton University School of Law alumni
State cabinet secretaries of Maine
American political commentators
Maine lawyers
David W. Noble

David Watson Noble (March 17, 1925 – March 11, 2018) was an American historian and historiographer, specializing in American intellectual trends and thought. He was a professor of American Studies at the University of Minnesota.

Noble was the youngest of four children.  Raised on a dairy farm in Princeton, New Jersey, Noble saw first hand how the depression hurt families. His family farm was foreclosed on during the depression. Noble briefly served in the army during World War II, but was honorably discharged because of an injury that he received. Thanks to the G.I. Bill, he earned his undergraduate degree from Princeton University. Noble then went on to complete his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  He began his teaching career at the University of Minnesota in 1952. Noble was initially a faculty member of the History Department, but later in his career he transferred over to the American Studies Program. Noble retired in 2009.

Noble published over 250 articles and book reviews. The University of Minnesota began annually presenting the David Noble Lecture Series at the Minnesota History Museum in Saint Paul in the spring of 1996.  The Lecture continues each April at the University of Minnesota. The octogenarian professor taught until his retirement in the spring of 2009.  He often mentioned to his students that one of his claims to fame was that he “delivered milk to Einstein’s house when he was a boy.”  Another claim to fame is that he had his phone tapped by Army Intelligence and the FBI during the Vietnam War.

Noble lived in an extended family household with his wife, his daughter and her husband, his granddaughter and her husband, and their two children (his great grandchildren). He stated that he enjoyed living in an extended family because, "[he] rejects the culture of modernity and identifies with traditional cultures".

Works
 The Paradox of Progressive Thought, 1958
 Historians Against History: The Frontier Thesis and the National Covenant in Historical Writing since 1830, 1965
 The Eternal Adam and the New World Garden, 1968
 The Progressive Mind, 1981
 The Restless Centuries: A History of the American People, (with Peter Carroll), 1973/1979
 The Free and the Unfree: A Progressive History of the American People, 1992/1997/2001 (with Peter Carroll) 
 Twentieth Century Limited: A History of Recent America, 1980 (with Peter Carroll and David Horowitz)
 The End of American History: Democracy, Capitalism and the Metaphor of Two Worlds in American Historical Writing, 1880-1980, 1985 
 Death of a Nation: American Culture and the End of Exceptionalism, 2002
 Debating the End of History: The Marketplace, Utopia, and the Fragmentation of Intellectual Life, 2012

References

1925 births
2018 deaths
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Historians of the United States
Historiographers
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians from Minnesota
Historians from New Jersey
American male non-fiction writers
Arcade Comics

Arcade Comics is an independent comic book company founded by former Image Comics mainstay Rob Liefeld and Jimmy Jay of Jay Company Comics. This is Liefeld's 4th publishing label after Extreme Studios, Maximum Press and Awesome Comics. The company kicked off in 2003 with its first comic Youngblood: Genesis which was released at the San Diego Comic-Con International, 2003. This convention release would mark the start of Arcade's plan to release books on the convention circuit first. In theory, this proves that the book is out and saw print as well as allowing time for interest to be drummed up before the eventual Diamond Comics solicitation.

Books published
 ARCADE CONVENTION SPECIAL: Nitrogen/The Cross Special (Wizard World LA Con Exclusive)
 NitroGen #1
 NitroGen: Extreme Forces #1
 Supreme Sacrifice: Suprema #1
 Youngblood: Genesis #1-2
 Youngblood: Bloodsport #1-preview edition of 2
 Youngblood:Imperial #1
 Youngblood Maximum Edition

External links
 Rob Liefeld website
 Jay Company Comics
Potentilla neumanniana

Potentilla neumanniana, the spring cinquefoil or spotted cinquefoil, is a perennial flowering plant in the rose family (Rosaceae). It may grow up to the height of 5–15 cm (2-6 in).

It was first scientifically described by H.G.L. Reichenbach in 1832. P.F.A. Ascherson later called it P. tabernaemontani, a name which is now invalid. The name P. verna was misapplied to this species; as originally described by Linnaeus, it actually refers to the alpine cinquefoil (P. crantzii).
This is a fairly nondescript species of cinquefoil. Its typical five-fingered leaves and — in early spring — five-petalled yellow flowers are borne on low-lying stems. As its common name implies, in most of its range it is one of the first cinquefoils to bloom. It can grow in dry, marginal habitat, such as roadsides, dry meadows, and talus. Thus it can be used for rock gardens, providing bright bunches of yellow when few other plants are blooming.

References

External links 

neumanniana
Taxa named by Ludwig Reichenbach