alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Pepper (song)

"Pepper" is a song by American alternative rock band Butthole Surfers from their seventh studio album, Electriclarryland (1996). Released on April 11, 1996, the track reached number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart, becoming the top-ranked song of 1996 on the former listing. In Australia, the song peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was ranked number four on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 1996. It also reached number two on the Canadian RPM Alternative 30 and number 32 in New Zealand.

Composition and lyrics
"Pepper" opens with the chorus guitar riff, slowed down to half speed. The song shifts from spoken word verses to sung choruses. The lyrics of the verses list ten characters and describes how some either die or escape a brush with death.

The song also contains the bridge played in reverse. The reversed words are the first and last lines of the chorus: "I don't mind the sun sometimes; the images it shows; you never know just how you look through other people's eyes."

According to Spike TV, who put the song on their list of "The Top 10 Hits the Band Wishes Didn't Exist", the song was written as "a send-up of Beck". However, in an interview with the Hartford Courant the year of the single's release, drummer King Coffey cited Massive Attack, Tricky and Soul II Soul as influences on the sound.

Music video
The video for "Pepper", directed by Gavin Bowden, features 1960s style news clip-like footage of a group of people being arrested in a Texas hotel for kidnapping while newscasters and cameramen crowd around. The kidnapping victim, rescued by the police, is portrayed by Erik Estrada. Singer Gibby Haynes is portrayed as the ringleader, and is shown being interviewed by reporters as police gather evidence. The newsreel segment is filmed in 16mm black and white, and is broken up by 1960s-style color footage, showing the band performing on a show much like American Bandstand. This performance footage is interspersed with 1960s style enactments of cooking and variety shows. The police and Estrada are repeatedly shown eating corn from a can, which, according to the director, is "a reference to the way videos are made; how directors have to have this shot and that shot – how they're spoon-feeding images to the audience."

Track listings

US CD and maxi-cassette single
 "Pepper" (edit)
 "Pepper" (album version)
 "Let's Talk About Cars"

US 7-inch jukebox vinyl
A. "Pepper" – 4:57
B. "Birds" – 3:12

UK CD single
 "Pepper"
 "Hybrid"

UK limited-edition 7-inch red vinyl single
A. "Pepper" (single edit)
B. "Pepper" (Butcha' Bros remix)

European CD single
 "Pepper"
 "Hybrid"
 "Pepper" (Butcha' Bros. remix)
 "The Lord Is a Monkey" (demo)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

Cover version
On September 2, 2010, Hesta Prynn and Shawn Crahan of Slipknot released a cover of "Pepper" as a 7-inch vinyl single. The B-side of the single is the previously unreleased track "Seven Sisters".

References

1996 singles
1996 songs
Butthole Surfers songs
Capitol Records singles
Electronic rock songs
Rap rock songs
Songs about death
Songs about Texas
Australian Rules of Racing

The Australian Rules of Racing are the rules approved by the Australian Racing Board to ensure that thoroughbred horse racing in all States and Territories of Australia is conducted according to the same general practices, conditions and integrity. The Principal Racing Authority in each State or Territory also have a set of Local Rules which apply to all horse racing held in their jurisdiction.

Rules
The following is a list of the topics covered by the Australian Rules of Racing.
The complete Australian Rules of Racing, as of 1 August 2012 is available as an 85 page PDF file 

 Definitions AR.1
 Restricted races AR.1a
 Application of these rules AR.2 - 6
 Powers of a principal racing authority AR.7 - 7a
 Stewards AR.8 - 10a
 Registration of clubs and meetings AR.11 - 13
 Registration of horses AR.14 - 27
 Assumed names AR.28 - 31 (rescinded)
 Leases AR.32 - 34
 Race meetings AR.35 - 46b
 Nominations and entries AR.47 - 68a
 Syndicates AR.69 - 70
 Death of nominator AR.71
 Stakes and forfeits AR.72 - 74
 The forfeit list AR.75 - 77
 Sale with engagements AR.78 - 79
 Trainers AR.80 - 80e
 Jockeys and riders AR.81 - 91
 Apprentices allowances AR.92
 Stablehands and apprentices AR.93 - 96
 Retainers AR.97 - 100

 Amateurs AR.101 - 102
 Weights, penalties and allowances AR.103 - 113
 Scratching AR.114 - 117
 Weighing out AR.118 - 123
 Starting AR.124 - 134a
 Running AR.135 - 141b
 Weighing in AR.142 - 150
 Dead-heats AR.151 - 153
 Judge's decision AR.154 - 157
 Walk-over AR.158 - 160
 Course telecasts AR.160a - 160c
 Objections and complaints AR.161 - 174
 Offences AR.175 - 176
 Prohibited substances AR.177 - 178e
 Punishments AR.179 - 200
 Destruction of horse AR.201
 Notices AR.202 - 206
 Facsimile transmissions AR.207
 Australian racing board AR.208 - 214
 New rules AR.215

External links
 PDF file of Victoria Local Rules
 PDF file of Queensland Local Rules
 PDF file of W.A. Local Rules
 PDF file of NSW Local Rules
 PDF file of Northern Territory Local Rules
 NSW Horse welfare guidelines

Horse racing in Australia
Ik (river)

The Ik (; , Iq; , Iq) is a river in Russia that flows north to the Kama. It flows through the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan and through Orenburg Oblast. The left tributaries are Mellya, Menzelya, Dymka, and the right tributary is Usen. It is  long, and its drainage basin covers .

The time difference between Bavly in Tatarstan and Oktyabrsky in Bashkortostan is two hours (Tatarstan uses Moscow Time and Bashkortostan uses Yekaterinburg Time). Therefore, the bridge through Ik (river-border) is jokingly called "the longest bridge in the world".

References

Rivers of Bashkortostan
Rivers of Tatarstan
Stern des Südens

"Stern des Südens" is a song written by German songwriter  , and it is the club anthem sung during games at FC Bayern Munich's home stadium, the Allianz Arena. Its title in English means "Star of the South". It has been translated into twelve languages.

References

Association football songs and chants
FC Bayern Munich
Lackawanna Blues

Lackawanna Blues is an American play written by Ruben Santiago-Hudson that premiered in 2001. It was later adapted as a television movie that aired in 2005.  The play dramatizes the character of the author's primary caregiver when he was growing up in Lackawanna, New York, during the 1950s and 1960s.

Play
The play debuted off Broadway April 14, 2001, at the Joseph Papp Theater in New York City. It was directed by Loretta Greco, produced by George C. Wolfe, and the executive producer was Fran Reiter. Rosemarie Tichler was the artistic producer.

The play is a montage of reminiscences, memories, testimonials and roman a clefs of "Miss Rachel," or Nanny, as the young Ruben Santiago, Jr. calls her. Largely abandoned by his parents, Ruben finds that Nanny becomes his surrogate family. Various incidents in Ruben's and Nanny's life are portrayed, with a large cast of quirky minor characters—friends, boarders, family members, visitors, relatives, and so on—providing commentary on Nanny's strength of character, intelligence, and morality.

The play included several songs, either sung by the characters in the play or as ambient music heard via a radio or through a window. The late Bill Sims Jr. provided the original music, as well as performing on-stage acoustic guitar for the play.

Lackawanna Blues is intended to be a one-man show.  The actor narrating the play (an adult Ruben) was intended to portray more than 20 other characters, as well as the starring role of the young Ruben.

The play was very well received. The New York Times called it a "tour de force." Playwright Ruben Santiago-Hudson won an OBIE special citation for Lackawanna Blues, while Bill Sims, Jr. won an OBIE for his music.

Lackawanna Blues began previews on Broadway at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre on September 14, 2021 and originally was set to open on September 28. However, on September 24, two previews were cancelled because Santiago-Hudson suffered from a back injury. The play's opening was delayed two days later to September 30. To give Santiago-Hudson time to recuperate, the show was then set to open on October 7; after further performance cancellations, performances resumed on October 12.

Film version

A television film adaptation aired on HBO on February 12, 2005. The film was directed by George C. Wolfe, who had commissioned the stage version. For her work in the movie, S. Epatha Merkerson won a Best Actress Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and Emmy Award in 2006.

References

External links
Bill Sims, Jr. Web site (including a page on Lackawanna Blues)

2001 plays
Off-Broadway plays
American plays adapted into films
Autobiographical plays
Plays for one performer
Eros, Arkansas

Eros is an unincorporated community in southwestern Marion County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located on Arkansas Highway 125, south of Pyatt.

Education 
Public education is available from the Ozark Mountain School District that includes Bruno–Pyatt High School.

On July 1, 2004, the former Bruno-Pyatt School District consolidated into the Ozark Mountain School District.

References

Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Arkansas
Unincorporated communities in Arkansas
Miss Mississippi Teen USA

The Miss Mississippi Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Mississippi in the Miss Teen USA pageant. The pageant was directed by Premier Pageants from 2001 to 2010, before becoming part of Greenwood Productions in 2010 under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 Kim Greenwood.

Mississippi has had two Miss Teen USA placements as of 2010. They have had one Miss USA and a Miss Teen USA in 1987 becoming the 5th state that won the Miss Teen USA title for the first time, and in 2014, Vaeda Mann was 1st runner-up. Six titleholders have competed at Miss USA.

McKenzie Cole of Vicksburg was crowned Miss Mississippi Teen USA 2022 on April 2, 2022 at Pearl River Resort in Philadelphia. She will represent Mississippi for the title of Miss Teen USA 2022.

Results summary

Placements
Miss Teen USAs: Kristi Addis (1987)
1st runners-up: Vaeda Mann (2014)
3rd runners-up: Kaylee Brooke McCollum (2019)
4th runners-up: Haley Sowers (2010)
Top 10: Honey East (1988), Jennifer Reel (1998)
Top 12: Arleen McDonald (1992), Angie Carpenter (1994)
Top 16: Mattie Grace Morris (2021)
Mississippi holds a record of 9 placements at Miss Teen USA.

Awards
Miss Congeniality: Shelly Wilson (1985), Anne Elise Parks (2007), Elizabeth Hollomon (2008)

Winners 

1 Age at the time of the Miss Teen USA pageant

References

External links

Mississippi
Women in Mississippi
Tom Yasumi

Yoshito "Tom" Yasumi (born August 20, 1965 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese-born American animator and director best known for his work on SpongeBob SquarePants as well as Rocko’s Modern Life.

Yasumi was the animation director on SpongeBob SquarePants from the beginning of the series to season 12. He also worked as an animation director on one other Nicktoon, Sanjay and Craig.

Filmography

Television

Film

Shorts

References

External links
 

Living people
1965 births
Mass media people from Tokyo
Japanese animators
Japanese animated film directors
Japanese television directors
Vicki Peters

Vicki Jean Peters (born September 9, 1950) is an American model and former actress. She made her film debut in the exploitation film Blood Mania (1970), and was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its April 1972 issue.

Early life
Peters was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Joseph Blair Peters and Emogene Maybell Taylor.  She spent her early life there and in St. Paul.

Career
In 1968, Peters relocated from St. Paul to Los Angeles, California, hoping to begin a career as an actress.  In 1970, Peters appeared in the film Blood Mania, along with fellow Playboy playmate Reagan Wilson (October 1967). In 1971, she had a walk-on part in the horror film The Cult (1971).

She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its April 1972 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Mario Casilli. In her interview with the magazine, Peters revealed she had abandoned her acting career and was working at photographer Harry Philmore Langdon Jr.'s (son of Harry Langdon) studio.

Personal life
Peters married film producer Jeffrey Konvitz in 1980. She has a daughter with him, Kristen Nicole, born in 1983. They divorced in 1988.

Filmography

References

External links
 
 

1950 births
Actresses from Minneapolis
American female models
Female models from Minnesota
Living people
1970s Playboy Playmates
21st-century American women
Yossi Ben Hanan

Aluf (res.) Yossi Ben Hanan () was born in Jerusalem, Mandate for Palestine in 1945. His father,  served as one of the top Haganah commanders in Jerusalem.
 
During the Six-Day War Ben Hanan was a lieutenant, serving as the operations officer of the 7th Armored Brigade. He was featured on the cover of Life magazine after the war which showed him triumphantly clutching an AK-47 rifle, under the caption "Israeli soldier cools off in the Suez Canal".
  
In 1973, while on his honeymoon in Nepal, then lieutenant colonel Ben Hanan learned of the start of the Yom Kippur War. Over the course of a few days, he returned to Israel and arrived on the Golan Heights on October 8, 1973.  Ben Hanan participated in fighting with the Syrians in the holding defence of the Golan Heights along with then lieutenant colonel Avigdor Kahalani, and was wounded for the first time, but refused to be evacuated and continued fighting.

On October 9, 1973, Ben Hanan took command of the tank company put together from the remnants of the decimated 188th Armored Brigade by Shmuel Askarov, one of the survivors. Leading his command in a battle against overwhelming numbers of Syrian T-62s in the area north of Quneitra, Ben Hanan restored the tactical situation and penetrated with his unit deep into Syrian territory. On October 12, 1973 he was wounded for the third time, but refused to evacuate. He had led a further attack during which his tank was hit by a Sagger anti-tank missile, and Ben Hanan was wounded for the fourth time and rescued from behind enemy lines by Yonatan Netanyahu, a member of the IDF's elite Sayeret Matkal and brother of future Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Ben Hanan received the second highest decoration, the Medal of Courage for his part in the  battles of the Yom Kippur War.

Later Yossi Ben Hanan commanded the 7th Armored Brigade, the IDF R&D department, the Israeli National Security College, and the Armored Corps. As a reservist, he attained the rank of Aluf (second highest rank of the IDF). During 1997-2008 he was head of the Israeli Defense Ministry's developing countries defense assistance division, SIBAT.

References

Living people
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
1945 births
Recipients of the Medal of Courage
Israeli people of German-Jewish descent
WIN-35428

(–)-2-β-Carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (β-CFT, WIN 35,428) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research. CFT is a phenyltropane based dopamine reuptake inhibitor and is structurally derived from cocaine. It is around 3-10x more potent than cocaine and lasts around 7 times longer based on animal studies. While the naphthalenedisulfonate salt is the most commonly used form in scientific research due to its high solubility in water, the free base and hydrochloride salts are known compounds and can also be produced. The tartrate is another salt form that is reported.

Uses 
CFT was first reported by Clarke and co-workers in 1973. This drug is known to function as a "positive reinforcer" (although it is less likely to be self-administered by rhesus monkeys than cocaine). Tritiated CFT is frequently used to map binding of novel ligands to the DAT, although the drug also has some SERT affinity.

Radiolabelled forms of CFT have been used in humans and animals to map the distribution of dopamine transporters in the brain. CFT was found to be particularly useful for this application as a normal fluorine atom can be substituted with the radioactive isotope 18F which is widely used in Positron emission tomography. Another radioisotope-substituted analog [11C]WIN 35,428 (where the carbon atom of either the N-methyl group, or the methyl from the 2-carbomethoxy group of CFT, has been replaced with 11C) is now more commonly used for this application, as it is quicker and easier in practice to make radiolabelled CFT by methylating nor-CFT or 2-desmethyl-CFT than by reacting methylecgonidine with parafluorophenylmagnesium bromide, and also avoids the requirement for a licence to work with the restricted precursor ecgonine.

CFT is about as addictive as cocaine in animal studies, but is taken less often due to its longer duration of action. Potentially this could make it a suitable drug to be used as a substitute for cocaine, in a similar manner to how methadone is used as a substitute for opiates in treating addiction.

Street drug 

In August 2010, some media sources claimed that the designer drug Ivory Wave contained WIN 35,428. However, samples of Ivory Wave have been found to contain MDPV, so the legitimacy of these claims remains unclear.

Legal status 

CFT is not specifically scheduled in the United States, though it meets the statutory definition of an ecgonine derivative. Consequently, it is a Schedule II drug.

Toxicity 

Administering 100 mg/kg of CFT to rats only resulted in convulsions being reported, whereas CIT had the ability to cause death at this dose.

See also 
 WIN 35,065-2
 List of phenyltropanes
 List of cocaine analogues

References

Further reading 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Tropanes
WIN compounds
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Stimulants
Sympathomimetic amines
Medical imaging
Neuroimaging
Fluoroarenes
Methyl esters
1874 in baseball



Champions
National Association: Boston Base Ball Club

National Association final standings

Statistical leaders

Notable seasons
Boston Red Stockings pitcher Al Spalding has a record of 52–16, leading the NA with 52 wins and 617.1 innings pitched. He has a 1.92 earned run average and a 111 ERA+.
Chicago White Stockings second baseman Levi Meyerle leads the NA with a .394 batting average, a .889 OPS, and a 183 OPS+. He has 65 runs scored and 45 runs batted in.

Events

January–March
January 29 – Albert Spalding arrives in England to set up a tour for the Boston and Athletic Clubs to demonstrate American baseball to the English.

April–June
May 5 – Tommy Bond makes his professional debut, throwing a 4-hitter and defeating Lord Baltimore.
May 6 – Dick McBride of Athletic throws a 1-hitter in a win against crosstown rival Philadelphia.
May 13 – The Chicago Club plays the first professional game in Chicago by a Chicago team since the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.  The "White Stockings" win 4–0 over Athletic before 4,000 fans.
June 18 – Playing without suspended pitcher George Zettlein, the Chicagos are humiliated by Mutual 38-1.  The Mutuals collect 33 hits, but are outdone by Chicago defensive miscues as they commit 36 errors in the game.

July–September
July 10 – Jimmy Wood, player-manager for several teams in the NA, has his right leg amputated above the knee due to infection.  Wood would be re-hired by Chicago to replace Fergy Malone and be on the bench managing 5 weeks after the amputation.
July 16 – The Boston and Athletic Clubs depart from Philadelphia for England for their baseball exhibition tour.
September 9 – John Radcliff is dismissed from the Philadelphia Club after umpire William McLean testified that Radcliff had offered him $175 to fix a game.
September 9 – Boston and Athletic return from their England trip, arriving in New York.

October–December
October 20 – The Boston Base Ball Club win their 3rd consecutive pennant with a 14–7 victory over Athletic of Philadelphia.

Births
January 14 – Jack Taylor
January 22 – Jay Hughes
February 1 – Harry Bemis
February 22 – Bill Klem
February 23 – Billy Lauder 
February 24 – Honus Wagner
March 12 – Charles Weeghman
March 16 – Bill Duggleby
March 18 – Nixey Callahan
March 24 – Roy Thomas
April 7 – John Ganzel
April 8 – Bert Myers
May 8 – Eddie Boyle
June 5 – Jack Chesbro
June 5 – Frank Huelsman
June 20 – Win Mercer
June 26 – Topsy Hartsel
July 8 – Jay Parker
July 9 – Jack Powell
July 13 – William G. Bramham
July 14 – Jesse Tannehill
September 5 – Nap Lajoie
September 17 – Willie Sudhoff
September 21 – Grant "Home Run" Johnson
October 12 – Jimmy Burke
October 15 – Emil Frisk
October 19 – Tom McCreery
October 31 – Harry Smith

Deaths
April 9 – Charlie Mills, age 29, catcher for the 1871 New York Mutuals.

References

External links
1874 season at Baseball-Reference.com
Charlton's Baseball Chronology at BaseballLibrary.com
Retrosheet.org
Monocacy

Monocacy (Shawnee: Monnockkeseymay) may refer to the Monocacy River in Maryland, USA. 

Monocacy may also refer to:

Other streams
Little Monocacy River, a tributary of the Potomac River in Maryland
Monocacy Creek (Lehigh River tributary), a tributary of the Lehigh River in Pennsylvania
Monocacy Creek (Schuylkill River), a tributary of the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania

Ships
USS Monocacy (1864), the first Monocacy, a gunboat launched in, and served until 1903
USS Monocacy (PG-20), the second Monocacy, commissioned in 1914 and decommissioned in 1939
USS Genesee (AT-55), originally the civilian tug Monocacy (1905)

Other
Monocacy Aqueduct, crosses the Monocacy River near its mouth
Monocacy National Battlefield, memorializing the Battle of Monocacy (1864), fought near the Monocacy River
Battle of Monocacy, the July 1864 Civil War battle
Monocacy (MARC station) named for the battlefield site
Monocacy Station, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Heckler & Koch MP2000

The Heckler & Koch MP2000 was an attempt to improve the MP5 series. Prototypes of the gun showed similarities to the UMP. An interesting feature of this gun was that it featured a silencing system which prevented the bullet from reaching supersonic speeds by venting some of the propellant gases. The gas vent hole could be closed in order to achieve normal bullet velocities.

MP2000
Submachine guns of Germany
Miss Missouri Teen USA

The Miss Missouri Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Missouri in the Miss Teen USA pageant. It is directed by Vanbros and Associates, based in Lenexa, Kansas. In 1993, Missouri joined the Vanbros group of state pageants for the Miss USA and Teen USA system.

Missouri is in the top 10 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements. Six Missouri teens have gone on to compete at Miss USA, although only four as Miss Missouri USA. The other two represented Kansas, another Vanbros state.

Two notable Miss Missouri Teen USAs (who both later won the title Miss Missouri USA) are Larissa Meek and Melana Scantlin, who appeared on the reality TV show Average Joe.

Shae Smith of Bolivar was crowned Miss Missouri Teen USA 2022 on May 1, 2022 at The Mansion Theater for the Performing Arts in Branson, Missouri. She will represent Missouri for the title of Miss Teen USA 2022 in the fall of 2022.

Results summary

Placements
Miss Teen USAs: Marissa Whitley (2001), Sophia Dominguez-Heithoff (2017)
2nd runners-up: Audra Shurman (1991)
4th runners-up: Rhonda Hoglan (1985), Sydnee Stottlemyre (2011)
Top 6: Tiffany Meyer (1994), Leah Sexton (1996)
Top 10: Caitlin McIntosh (2000)
Top 12: Tavia Shackles (1990), Melana Scantlin (1995)
Top 15: Alissa Reitmeier (2004), Sierra Drimak (2009), Christina Stratton (2015), Dallas Ezard (2016)
Top 16: Brenda Smith-Lezama (2013)‡, Anna Long (2021)
Top 20: Madison Beck (2023)
Missouri holds a record of 17 placements at Miss Teen USA.

‡ Voted into Top 16 as America's Choice

Awards
Miss Photogenic: Melanie Breedlove (1993), Christina Stratton (2015)
Miss Congeniality: Rachel Woolard (2005)

Winners 

1 Age at the time of the Miss Teen USA pageant

References

External links
Official website

Missouri
Women in Missouri
Dvina Bay

The Dvina Bay () is located in Arkhangelsk Oblast in Northwestern Russia. It is one of four large bays and gulfs of the White Sea, the others being the Mezen Bay, the Onega Bay, and the Kandalaksha Gulf. The two main river emptying into the Dvina Bay is the Northern Dvina River, while the two cities on the bay are Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk.   The Dvina Bay is  long and  wide. Administratively, the coast and the islands belong to Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast.

The Northern Dvina forms a delta entering the Dvina Bay, with many islands separating different streams. There are many small islands in the Dvina Bay as well, the biggest being Mudyug Island.

A national park, Onezhskoye Pomorye National Park, was open on the Onega Peninsula on 26 February 2013.

The Dvina Bay is limited by the Onega Peninsula from the west. At the eastern side, the shore steeply rises to a plateau (White Sea - Kuloy Plateau) which drains east into the Soyana, a major tributary of the Kuloy. The Onega Peninsula shore is often referred to as Letny Bereg (Summer Coast), and the eastern shore of the bay is Zimny Bereg (Winter Coast). The names reflect the fact that the Pomors of the Dvina Bay were fishing at Summer Coast and Winter Coast in the summer and in the winter, respectively.

The Dvina Bay coast was populated by Russians (Novgorodians, of whom the Pomors are the descendants) and Karelians, both not later than in the 13th century. Until the 18th century, when Saint Petersburg was founded, Arkhangelsk was the only sea harbour of Russia, and the Northern Dvina and the Dvina Bay were main connection of Russia with the outside world. Most of the villages at the Dvina Bay coast such as Pertominsk, Lopshenga, or Yarenga, are old Pomor villages still depending on fishery. Except for vicinity of the river delta of the Northern Dvina, both Winter and Summer coasts are remote, with sea and air being the only connections to the villages. There is regular sea navigation in the summer, serving all of the villages.

References

Bays of the White Sea
Bays of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Bekkefaret

Bekkefaret is a neighborhood in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway.  It is located in the borough of Hillevåg, along the European route E39 highway.  This part of the city is the location of the Stavanger University Hospital and Bekkefaret Church.

There are two schools in Bekkefaret (Auglend and Ullandhaug), and sports clubs SK Jarl and Stavanger IF are vital parts of the local community. This part of the city is also famous for its nature reserves: Mosvatnet, Vaalandsskogen, and Ullandhaugskogen.

References

Boroughs and neighbourhoods of Stavanger
Ska jazz

Ska jazz is a music genre derived by fusing the melodic content of jazz with the rhythmic and harmonic content of early Jamaican Music introduced by the "Fathers of Ska" in the late 1950s. The ska-jazz movement began during the 1990s in New York and London, where pioneering avant-garde jazz and reggae musicians pushed the boundaries of reggae music. They were combining traditions with modern tendencies, using the reggae beat along with high improvisation and jazz harmonies, primarily by horns and percussion.

Origins 
The term Ska-Jazz was coined by Rock Steady Freddie (Fred Reiter) of the New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble in 1994. Ska jazz is sometimes considered a subgenre of third wave ska, but early artists such as Tommy McCook considered themselves jazz musicians foremost. Before Rock Steady Freddie, Ska-Jazz was just another flare of jazz without its own name. Jazz improvisation is commonly used in Ska jazz. Ska Jazz bands usually contain one or two electric guitars, a bass guitar, keyboards, a drum kit and a horn section (composed of any combination of the following: trumpet, trombone, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone). Occasionally there may be one or more vocalists, but the genre is primarily focused on instrumental tunes. The brass instruments usually carry the melody, and there are many improvised solos. The rhythm section places accents on the off beats, thus giving the music a different feel than straight jazz.

Ever since its birth in the late 1950s, ska has been a genre marked by physical and cultural diasporas and an openness to borrowing from outside its origins. The history of ska and jazz combined travels across national borders and integrates with other musical styles, making it one of the most hybrid, transnational forms of postwar popular music.

Early Jamaican Jazzmen 
The Skatalites
Tommy McCook
Roland Alphonso
Don Drummond
Ernest Ranglin
Jackie Mittoo

Notable artists 
Jazz Jamaica
The Orobians
Victor Rice
Rotterdam Ska-Jazz Foundation
Saint Petersburg Ska-Jazz Review
David Hillyard And The Rocksteady Seven
The Cat Empire
New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble
Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra
Melbourne Ska Orchestra
Quito Ska Jazz
Kingston Rudieska
Montréal Ska-Jazz Ensemble
The Articles
Satelite Kingston

Notes 

Jazz genres
Ska genres
The Days of the Phoenix

"The Days of the Phoenix" is a song by the American rock band AFI. It was released to radio as the only single from their fifth studio album The Art of Drowning in 2000. On the album's track listing, the song's title is written as "Days of the Phoenix".

Background
According to Alternative Press, AFI "used to play at a venue in Petaluma, California, called the Phoenix Theater, and the track serves as a nod to their roots and early beginnings as a band."

Music video
A music video directed by Marc Webb was shot in 14 Below, a music venue located in Santa Monica, California.

It features the band performing on stage in front of an excited audience. During the song's bridge, multiple versions of vocalist Davey Havok are seen quoting the bridge's lyrics, one by one.

Track listing

Personnel 
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 AFI – producer
 Chuck Johnson – producer
 Andy Ernst – mixing
 Jerry Finn – remix

The Days of the Phoenix E.P. 

An EP for the single was released on May 14, 2001, through Nitro Records. In addition to the title track, it contains "Wester" from The Art of Drowning, as well "A Winter's Tale", a b-side recorded during that album's sessions. Only 500 copies of the EP were pressed.

Track listing

Personnel 
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 AFI – producer
 Michael Anderson – assistant engineer
 Adam Carson – drums
 Andy Ernst – mixing
 Alan Forbes – artwork
 Davey Havok – vocals
 Hunter Burgan – bass
 Chuck Johnson – producer, engineer
 Thad LaRue – mixing assistant
 Chris Nitro – layout
 Jade Puget – guitar
Nick 13 – guitar

 Frank Rinella – assistant engineer
 Eddy Schreyer – mastering

Studios
 Engineered at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CA
 Mixed at The Art of Ears, Hayward, CA
 Mastered at Oasis Mastering, Studio City, CA

Charts

References 

2000 singles
AFI (band) songs
Music videos directed by Marc Webb
2000 songs
Songs written by Hunter Burgan
Songs written by Adam Carson
Songs written by Davey Havok
Songs written by Jade Puget
George C. Marshall Foundation

The George C. Marshall Foundation in Lexington, Virginia, was commissioned by President Harry S. Truman in order to preserve the papers of General George C. Marshall. Marshall served as Army chief of staff, secretary of state and defense and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall Plan.

The Foundation
The Foundation is located on the Post of the Virginia Military Institute, and contains a library, archive, and administrative offices. Dedicated on May 23, 1964, a large ceremony was held with soldiers and statesmen in attendance. Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Dwight D. Eisenhower spoke at the ceremony. Its first president was General Omar Bradley. Members of the original board of directors included Robert A. Lovett, Dr. Forrest C. Pogue and General Frank McCarthy.

George C. Marshall Museum & Library

The Marshall Museum displayed exhibits of Marshall's life and work in the entry hall and two adjacent galleries, one focused on his military career and the other on his achievements following World War II.

In August 2019 the foundation planned to renovate the museum, although construction never moved forward. 

In January 2021 the Marshall Museum closed its doors. A small collection of artifacts are to be kept by the Foundation while the rest will be sent for permanent display at other museums.

The Marshall Research Library covers United States military & diplomatic history between the years of George Marshall's career as a military officer and public servant, roughly 1900-1960. Along with sorted paper collections, the library contains more than 23,000 manuscripts, two million documents including many from the National Archives and Records Administration, hundreds of era maps, thousands of photographs, 700 posters from all countries involved in both World Wars, films, and over 250 oral histories.

References

External links

The George C. Marshall Foundation
The George C. Marshall Foundation gallery, Google Arts & Culture
Gates Receives George C. Marshall Award, Department of Defense Photo Essay

Marshall, George C.
Libraries in Virginia
Library buildings completed in 1964
Military and war museums in Virginia
Museums in Lexington, Virginia
Organizations established in 1953
Catherine Frot

Catherine Frot (; born 1 May 1956) is a French actress. A 10-time César Award nominee, she won the awards for Best Actress
for Marguerite (2015) and Best Supporting Actress for Family Resemblances (1996). Her other films include Le Dîner de Cons (1998), La Dilettante (1999), and Haute Cuisine (2012).

Early life
Frot was born in Paris, France, the daughter of an engineer and a mathematics teacher. Her younger sister, Dominique, is also an actress. Catherine demonstrated comic talent at an early age, and enrolled in the Versailles conservatory when she was 14, and was still in school. In 1974, she began her education at the  school, and afterwards took up full-time studies at the conservatory.

Career
In 1975, Frot appeared at the Festival d'Avignon with the Compagnie du Chapeau Rouge (Red Hat Company), which she founded with the help of others. From then on, she put all her energy into theatre performances in roles such as the Présidente de Tourvel in the play Les Liaisons dangereuses in 1987. She performed in a number of classical plays such as La Cerisaie, directed by Peter Brook in 1982, and La Mouette directed by Pierre Pradinas in 1985. 

In films, Frot won the César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in 1996, for playing Yolande, the sweet silly wife of a provincial bully, in Cédric Klapisch's Un air de famille, and was funny and moving as a wealthy, rebellious nuisance in La Dilettante (1999). In 7 ans de mariage, she played a prudish banker, wife, and mother, who is drawn by her bored, sexually frustrated husband into the world of Parisian clubs échangistes ("wife-swapping clubs"). She is an officer of the Ordre national du Mérite.

Filmography

References

External links

 
  Portrait of Catherine Frot

1956 births
Living people
French film actresses
French stage actresses
French television actresses
Best Supporting Actress César Award winners
20th-century French actresses
21st-century French actresses
Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Knights of the Legion of Honour
French National Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
Actresses from Paris
Best Actress Lumières Award winners
Best Actress César Award winners
George Washington High School (Colorado)

George Washington High School is located in Denver, Colorado, United States. GW is a large urban high school serving grades 9-12. George Washington is a part of the Denver Public Schools system.

Demographics 
The demographic breakdown of the 1,182 students enrolled in 2019-20 was:
Native American/Alaskan - 0.4%
Asian - 4.9%
Black - 22.5%
Hispanic - 28.5%
White - 37.9%
Multiracial - 5.58%
Native Hawaiian or Other - 0.2%
47.4% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunches.

Extracurricular activities

Boys basketball
The George Washington High School boys basketball team plays in the Colorado High School Activities Association 5A class. In both 2017 and 2018, GW boys basketball was the Colorado state tournament runner-up.

Newspaper 
The school newspaper is The George Washington Surveyor, which is part of the High School National Ad Network. The paper got its name from president George Washington's lifelong association with geography and cartography. The Surveyor  was the winner of the National Pacemaker Award from the National Scholastic Press Association in 2007, 2008, and 2009.

Robotics 
George Washington's robotics functions through FIRST Robotics, with the FIRST Robotics Competition team 1410 (founded 2004 as the Patriotbots, rebranded in 2008 as The Kraken), and FIRST Tech Challenge teams 17153 (founded 2019), 18677(founded 2020), 18678(founded 2020). The Kraken has won 3 regionals and 12 awards.

Speech and debate 
The George Washington Speech And Debate team consists of over 150 students, and is ranked 3rd in the nation as of March 1, 2023 by the National Speech and Debate Association.

Notable alumni 

 Chauncey Billups, former NBA player and head coach for the Portland Trail Blazers. Won a championship and Finals MVP in 2004 with the Detroit Pistons
 Sierra Boggess, theatre actress and singer
 Chris Brewer, professional football player
Doug DeMuro, YouTube car journalist
 Anita Diamant, author of The Red Tent and other fiction and non-fiction books
 Jonathan Freedman, journalist, winner of the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
 Sharon R. Long, plant biologist
 Ostell Miles, football player
 Martin Moran, Broadway actor and author of The Tricky Part
 Greg Primus, former NFL player for the Chicago Bears
 Dianne Reeves, jazz vocalist, winner of Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album in 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2006
 Ed Smith, former NFL player for the Denver Broncos

References

External links 
 

Public high schools in Colorado
High schools in Denver
International Baccalaureate schools in Colorado
Glacier retreat (disambiguation)

Glacier retreat primarily refers to the retreat of glaciers since 1850.

It may also refer to:

 Glacial retreat, a type of glacial motion
 Deglaciation, the widespread retreat of glaciers at the end of an ice age
 Holocene glacial retreat, a period of deglaciation occurring between 20,000 and 10,000 years ago
Kandalaksha Gulf

The Kandalaksha Gulf (, ), ) is located in the Republic of Karelia, and Murmansk Oblast in northwestern Russia.  Forming the north-western corner of the White Sea, it is one of four large bays and gulfs of this sea, the others being the Onega Bay (south-west), the Dvina Bay (south), and the Mezen Bay (south east).

The Kola Peninsula lies north of the Kandalaksha Gulf. The city of Kandalaksha is located at the northern tip of the gulf; the new oil port Vitino, some 10 km to the south. There are hundreds of skerries in the gulf. The gulf is shallow, reaching 300 meters on its western side. In 1976, the upper reaches of the gulf were designated a Ramsar wetland of international importance, notably as a breeding ground for migratory waterfowl such as the sea duck.

Kandalaksha Nature Reserve (Кандалакшский заповедник) includes parts of the coastline and many of the islands in the gulf. It is one of Russia's oldest nature reserves, established in 1932.

Since deglaciation the rate of post-glacial rebound in the Kandalaksha Gulf has varied. Since the White Sea connected to the World's oceans uplift along southern coast of the gulf has totaled 90 m. In the interval 9,500–5,000 years ago uplift rate was of 9–13 mm/yr. Prior to the Atlantic period uplift rate had decreased to 5–5.5 mm/yr, to then rise briefly before arriving at the present uplift rate is of 4 mm/yr.

See also
 Gandvik
 White Sea Rift System

References

External links
 Kandalaksha Nature Reserve (English Summary), and some practical travel information on the City of Kandalaksha, also in English.
 Topographic map of Kandalaksha Gulf (Finnish and Russian)

Gulfs of the Arctic Ocean
Gulfs of Russia
Bodies of water of the Republic of Karelia
Ramsar sites in Russia
Bays of the White Sea
Bays of Murmansk Oblast
Ryan Boschetti

Ryan S. Boschetti (born October 7, 1981) is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football for the College of San Mateo Bulldogs and later for UCLA.

Boschetti was also a member of the New York Sentinels, Oakland Raiders, and Las Vegas Locomotives.

Early years
Boschetti attended Carlmont High School where he lettered three years in football and was named first-team all-league, all-county and all-state as a defensive lineman. He recorded 21 career quarterback sacks. He served as captain in football, basketball, and baseball. He also earned two track letters. He was named Carlmont's Athlete of the Year in football, basketball and baseball as a senior in 1999.

College career

San Mateo
Boschetti played two seasons, 2000 and 2001, of junior college football at College of San Mateo. He was rated No. 2 junior college player in the nation by JCFootball.com and was credited with 24 quarterback sacks during his two seasons at San Mateo.  He was also two-time all-league and all-state selection.

UCLA
As a junior at UCLA, he recorded 23 tackles on the season to rank fourth among Bruin defensive lineman.  He played in all 13 games as a senior in 2003 and finished the season eighth in tackles for the Bruins with 43 tackles, 2.5 sacks, 8 tackles for loss, and a blocked kick.

Professional career

Washington Redskins
In 2004, Boschetti spent training camp with the Redskins but was released prior to the start of the regular season. He was immediately signed to the team's practice squad. On November 26, he was signed to the active roster and played in three games, recording five tackles. In 2005, he played in 13 games with 5 tackles.

He was released by the Redskins on August 30, 2008, and re-signed on November 25 after the team released running back Shaun Alexander.

Oakland Raiders
Boschetti signed with the Oakland Raiders on April 2, 2009. He was released on September 5.

Boschetti signed a contract with the Oakland Raiders on May 17, 2010. He was released on July 29

External links
 Just Sports Stats
 UCLA Bruins bio

1981 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
UCLA Bruins football players
Washington Redskins players
Oakland Raiders players
New York Sentinels players
Hartford Colonials players
Las Vegas Locomotives players
People from Belmont, California
Players of American football from San Mateo County, California
Mezen Bay

The Mezen Bay () is located in Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Northwestern Russia. It is one of four large bays and gulfs of the White Sea, the others being the Dvina Bay, the Onega Bay, and the Kandalaksha Gulf. The Mezen Bay is the easternmost of these, as it lies to the south of the Kanin Peninsula.  Morzhovets Island lies at the entrance of the bay.  The two main rivers emptying into the Mezen Bay are the Kuloy River, and the Mezen River.  The area of the bay is . The Mezen Bay is  long and  wide. The tides in the Mezen Bay are up to  high and are the biggest in the White Sea. The northern part of the bay, just south of Morzhovets Island, is crossed by the Arctic Circle.

Historically, the Mezen Bay was the fishing area. The pomors who populated the coast fished along it. A sudden change of the weather could drive them off-shore. In this case, Morzhovets island was the last land before they got driven off to the Barents Sea and perish, and thus was considered to be the last resort. Another traditional occupation of the pomors in the Mezen Bay was seal hunting.

The south-western coast of the bay is known as Abramovsky Bereg, and the eastern coast is known as Konushinsky Bereg. The principal villages on the Abramovsky coast are Koyda and Dolgoshhelye, both of the Mezensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast. On the Konushinsky Coast, the main villages are Yazhma and Chizha, both in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The entire coast of the Mezen Bay is included into a border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russian Federation from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local FSB department is required.

There was a project to construct a tidal power station, Mezenskaya Tidal Power Plant,  in the Mezen bay which would exploit the great height of the tides. The project has not been realized.

References

Bays of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Bays of the White Sea
Zack Crockett

Zachary Theopolis Crockett (born December 2, 1972) is a SE Scout for the Las Vegas Raiders and former American football fullback. He was originally drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 1995 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State.

Early years
Crockett attended Blanche Ely High School in Pompano Beach, Florida and was a letterman in football. In football, he garnered All-District and All-State honors.

Professional career
Crockett played three seasons with the Colts, (1995–1997). During his rookie year he only recorded 1 rushing attempt during 16 games during the regular season. Perhaps one of his finer pro career moments came during the 1995 AFC Wildcard game, where he started in place of an injured Marshall Faulk. During this game against the San Diego Chargers, Crockett rushed for 147 yards and scored 2 touchdowns to help the Colts win their first playoff game in 24 years. During his final two seasons with the Colts, Crockett started 16 of 21 games played, accumulating a total of just 464 yards on 126 carries (3.64 YPC) and one touchdown.

After being released by the Colts, Crockett played for the Jacksonville Jaguars in 1998 playing in 12 games, and starting two of them. The next year, he was a free agent and found his home, with the Oakland Raiders. In 2001, he led the Raiders in regular season rushing touchdowns, with six. In 2002, he surpassed Jon Ritchie and became Oakland’s full time starter. That postseason, Crockett, by then regarded as a “short-yardage specialist”, scored a touchdown during a 30–10 win over the New York Jets in the divisional round. In 2003, he led the Raiders with eight rushing touchdowns.

On September 1, 2007 the Raiders released him. On October 10, 2007 signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and on October 23, 2007 they released him. He was re-signed on December 12 and was released again on December 19. He was claimed off waivers by the Dallas Cowboys on the same day. After practicing some with the Cowboys and being inactive for his first game with them, he was cut on December 24, 2007.

Personal life
His brother, Henri Crockett, was also an American football player, who played for the Atlanta Falcons (1997–2001) and the Minnesota Vikings (2002–2003).

Adept at cooking, Crockett is a Gourmet chef and his favorite dish to prepare for family is Peking Duck and Lamb Chops. His favorite film is Pulp Fiction. He also enjoys traveling the world to different luxurious resorts and learning different cultures. Being an avid traveler and finally relaxing is something he is looking to do in the future, and he is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

References

External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

1972 births
Living people
Players of American football from Pompano Beach, Florida
American football fullbacks
Blanche Ely High School alumni
Hinds Eagles football players
Florida State Seminoles football players
Indianapolis Colts players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Oakland Raiders players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Dallas Cowboys players
Las Vegas Raiders personnel