alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Loughgilly

Loughgilly ( ;  or Loch Goilí) is a small village, townland and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is on the main Armagh to Newry road, about halfway between the two. It is within the Armagh City and District Council area. It had a population of 84 people (42 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 census: 69 people)

History 
The Loughgilly Together residents group was formed in October 1942 by people worried about deterioration of facilities and the appearance of the area. Today it runs a park and children's play area.

See also
List of civil parishes of County Armagh

References 

NI Housing Executive report 2003
1641 Rebellion

Villages in County Armagh
Civil parishes of County Armagh
William Cawley

William Cawley (1602 – January 1667) was a regicide and seventeenth century English politician. He was born in Chichester in 1602, the son of John Cawley, a wealthy brewer, and was educated at Chichester Grammar School, Oxford University and Gray's Inn.

In 1625, he provided funds for the erection of almshouses on the east side of New Broyle Road. They were intended to provide homes for twelve decayed tradesmen of Chichester. By 1681, there is reference to the use of the building as a workhouse.

Cawley was elected Member of Parliament for Chichester in 1628 and for Midhurst in 1640. In 1649, Cawley was appointed to the High Court of Justice and after attending all the sittings in Westminster Hall signed  King Charles I's death warrant. He was appointed to several standing committees including the army committee, the committee for the advance of money, the committee for plundered ministers, and the committee for compounding.

Cawley was elected to the Council of State in 1651 and again in 1652.

After the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660, Cawley was exempted from pardon and fled abroad first to the Netherlands and then to Switzerland, where he joined fellow regicides Edmund Ludlow and Nicholas Love. Willam Cawley died in Vevey, Switzerland in 1667.

He married firstly Catherine Walrond and had four children, including William Cawley MP and John Cawley, Archdeacon of Lincoln. His second wife was called Mary.

References

1602 births
1667 deaths
Regicides of Charles I
English MPs 1628–1629
English MPs 1640–1648
People educated at The Prebendal School
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Danish Nurses' Organization

The Danish Nurses' Organization (abbrev. DNO; in Danish Dansk Sygeplejeråd, abbrev. DSR) is a trade union in Denmark. It represents 95% of all nurses with a membership of 75,000.

The DNO is affiliated with the FTF – Confederation of Professionals in Denmark and Public Services International.

The motto of The Danish Nurses' Organization is: We move borders—in the organization, profession and society.

References

External links
Official site of The Danish Nurses' Organization
Information about The Danish Nurses' Organization

FTF – Confederation of Professionals in Denmark
Public Services International
1899 establishments in Denmark
Healthcare trade unions in Denmark
Trade unions established in 1899
Nursing organizations
Southern Pacific 975

Southern Pacific 975 is a 2-10-2 type of steam locomotive, built in 1918 by American Locomotive Company at the former Brooks Locomotive Works plant in Dunkirk, New York. It entered service on Southern Pacific subsidiary Texas and New Orleans Railroad in March 1918, where it worked until its retirement in 1957.

The T&NO donated the locomotive to the city of Beaumont, Texas, on February 2, 1957, with the project spearheaded by then Mayor Jimmie P. Cokinos. No. 975 is now preserved in static display at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois. It is one of only two Southern Pacific locomotives of this wheel arrangement to be preserved; the other is 982, which has moved to Union Station, Minute Maid Baseball Park in Houston, Texas in 2005.

References 
 
 

0975
ALCO locomotives
2-10-2 locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1918

Preserved steam locomotives of Illinois
Jeppe Brandrup

Jeppe Feldsted Brandrup (born 3 June 1985) is a Danish former professional football player. He played the positions as right-footed defender and right wingback as well as central midfielder.

Brandrup played in KB, one of the two clubs behind F.C. Copenhagen, since his early childhood. While at KB, he made his debut for the Danish youth national teams in September 2001 and played 4 matches at the 2002 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship.

Jeppe was promoted to the first team in 2005. He debuted on 2005-08-07 against Aarhus GF where he Álvaro Santos on the left winger position. Jeppe did not score for FCK.

Honours
Danish Superliga: 2005-06 & 2006-07 (with Copenhagen)

External links
 

1985 births
Living people
Danish men's footballers
Danish Superliga players
F.C. Copenhagen players
Randers FC players
Silkeborg IF players
Lyngby Boldklub players
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Copenhagen
Delegated powers (UK town planning)

Delegated powers are given in the United Kingdom to local planning authority planning officers to determine planning applications without the requirement for the application to be put before a planning committee. Planning applications for minor development, development which has no significant impact on the public interest, or those planning applications which do not attract public objections are generally decided by an authorised senior officer of the local planning authority under such delegated powers. Each LPA will have its own scheme of delegation and standing orders which prescribe the categories of planning application which may be determined under delegated powers. In any case of doubt an approach should be made to the LPA concerned.

The entry on Development control in the United Kingdom provides an explanation of how planning applications are decided, including an explanation of the role of public involvement.

See also
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom

Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
GPP

GPP may refer to:

Places 
 Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, United States

Politics 
 Gambian People's Party, Gambia
 German People's Party, a political party in Germany dissolved in 1933
 German People's Party (1868), a political party in Germany from 1868 to 1910
 German People's Party (Austria), a former political party in Austria
 German People's Party (Romania), a former political party in Romania
 Great Patriotic Pole, a Venezuelan political alliance
 Goa Praja Party, Goa, India
 Gujarat Parivartan Party, Gujarat, India

Science and technology

Biology and medicine 
 General physical preparedness
 Generalized pustular psoriasis
 Gross Primary Productivity
 Gpp protein, which converts pppGpp to ppGpp during the stringent response

Chemistry 
 Geranyl pyrophosphate

Computing and telecommunications 
 3GPP, a collaboration between telecommunications associations
 GeForce Partner Program
 General purpose preprocessor
 Genuine People Personalities (Douglas Adams' Marvin the Paranoid Android)
  Google Play Protect

Economics 
 Gross Private Product, a means of national income accounting
 Gross Provincial Product, a means of measuring national income in Thailand

Transport
 Gradski prijevoz putnika, a bus and tram company in Osijek

Other uses 
Green public procurement
 Global Poverty Project
 Government Polytechnic, Panaji, India
Martin Bergvold

Martin Bergvold (born 20 February 1984) is a Danish former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder. He has played 18 games and scored two goals for the Denmark under-21 national team, and was named 2000 Danish Under-17 Player of the Year.

Career
Bergvold started playing football with small clubs Rødovre Boldklub and Boldklubben Avarta. He moved to Kjøbenhavns Boldklub (KB), the reserve team of FC Copenhagen of the top-flight Danish Superliga. Bergvold played for various Danish national teams, regularly featuring as team captain, and he won the 2000 Danish Under-17 Player of the Year award.

He made his senior debut for Copenhagen in December 2002, and was a member of the squad which won the 2002–03 Superliga championship. He scored his first goal for the club in March 2004, as the club repeated the championship win in the 2003–04 Superliga season. He also scored in the 2004 Danish Cup tournament, though he did not play the cup final, which Copenhagen won 1–0 against AaB. Bergvold played 22 of Copenhagen's 33 games in the 2005–06 Superliga season, which the club went on to win, and he was selected to represent the Danish under-21 national team at the 2006 European Under-21 Championship in May 2006. He played in all Denmark's three matches before elimination.

In January 2007, he moved abroad to play for Italian club Livorno. He made his debut in the Serie A in a 1–2 loss to Fiorentina on 28 January. Livorno finished last in the 2007–08 Serie A season, and was relegated to the Serie B. Bergvold stayed at Livorno, and made 30 appearances in the 2008–09 Serie B season to help Livorno win promotion for the Serie A.

After playing a few years in Denmark, where he played for Copenhagen, Lyngby, Esbjerg fB and Vendsyssel FF, he returned to Livorno in 2016.

In February 2017, Bergvold moved to Faroese club HB Tórshavn. After making 11 appearances for the side and scoring one goal, he retired from football.

Honours
FC Copenhagen
Danish Superliga: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2010–11
Danish Cup: 2003–04
Royal League: 2004–05, 2005–06

Individual
Danish Under-17 Player of the Year: 2000

References

External links
 
 
 La Gazzetta dello Sport profile

1984 births
Living people
Danish men's footballers
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Denmark men's under-21 international footballers
Denmark men's youth international footballers
Denmark men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Boldklubben Avarta players
F.C. Copenhagen players
US Livorno 1915 players
Lyngby Boldklub players
Esbjerg fB players
Vendsyssel FF players
Havnar Bóltfelag players
Danish Superliga players
Danish 1st Division players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Faroe Islands Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Footballers from Copenhagen
Diphenol

Diphenol may refer to:

 Benzenediols
 Bisphenols
 Dihydroxybiphenyls
 Certain polyphenols (those with 2 phenolic groups)
Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy

Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) is an epitaxial growth technique often employed to produce semiconductors such as GaN, GaAs, InP and their related compounds, in which hydrogen chloride is reacted at elevated temperature with the group-III metals to produce gaseous metal chlorides, which then react with ammonia to produce the group-III nitrides. Carrier gasses commonly used include ammonia, hydrogen and various chlorides.

HVPE technology can significantly reduce the cost of production compared to the most common method of vapor deposition of organometallic compounds (MOCVD). Cost reduction is achieved by significantly reducing the consumption of NH3, cheaper source materials than in MOCVD, reducing the capital equipment costs, due to the high growth rate.

Developed in the 1960s, it was the first epitaxial method used for the fabrication of single GaN crystals.

Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) is the only III–V and III–N semiconductor crystal growth process working close to equilibrium. This means that the condensation reactions exhibit fast kinetics: one observes immediate reactivity to an increase of the vapour-phase supersaturation towards condensation. This property is due to the use of chloride vapour precursors GaCl and InCl, of which dechlorination frequency is high enough so that there is no kinetic delay. A wide range of growth rates, from 1 to 100 micrometers per hour, can then be set as a function of the vapour-phase supersaturation. Another HVPE feature is that growth is governed by surface kinetics: adsorption of gaseous precursors, decomposition of ad-species, desorption of decomposition products, surface diffusion towards kink sites. This property is of benefit when it comes to selective growth on patterned substrates for the synthesis of objects and structures exhibiting a 3D morphology. The morphology is only dependent on the intrinsic growth anisotropy of crystals. By setting experimental growth parameters of temperature and composition of the vapour phase, one can control this anisotropy, which can be very high as growth rates can be varied by an order of magnitude. Therefore, we can shape structures with various novel aspect ratios. The accurate control of growth morphology was used for the making of GaN quasi-substrates, arrays of GaAs and GaN structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scales, GaAs tips for local spin injection. Fast dechlorination property is also used for the VLS growth of GaAs and GaN nanowires with exceptional length.

References

Thin film deposition
Semiconductor device fabrication
Kyphosis (disambiguation)

The medical term kyphosis has several meanings :

 this one of a deformity, where the back is bowed (see kyphosis article for more details) ;
 another of a term describing the normally convex (arched, kyphotic) segments of the spine, also called primary curvatures ;
 when related to a single vertebra, a term describing the angle created between the superior and inferior endplates.

See also kyphosus.
Planning committee

A planning committee in the United Kingdom is a committee of local authority councillors that sit as the local planning authority to determine planning applications.

Advice is usually given to the committee by planning officers who provide a recommendation for approval or refusal. Meetings are cyclical and are usually held between every three to six weeks and must be open to the public.

The entry on development control in the United Kingdom includes a detailed explanation about the role and workings of a planning committee, the planning officers who report to them - and including the role and significance of public comments and objections to any given planning application.

See also
Delegated powers (UK town planning)
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
Sustainable Development, Spatial and Regional Planning Committee (National Assembly of France)

Quasi-judicial bodies
Interested parties in planning in the United Kingdom
Carsen Germyn

Carsen Germyn (born February 22, 1982 in Campbell River, British Columbia) is a former professional ice hockey right wing who played 4 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames.

Playing career
Germyn played five seasons in the Western Hockey League.  He played for the Kelowna Rockets and then for the Red Deer Rebels.  He started his professional career with the Norfolk Admirals of the American Hockey League.  On July 6, 2004, he was signed as a free agent by the Calgary Flames.  They assigned him to the Lowell Lock Monsters in 2004–05 then to the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights for the 2005–06 season.  He played his first National Hockey League game on April 1, 2006 with the Flames against the Edmonton Oilers.

In the late summer of 2010, Germyn signed a two-year contract with EHC Olten, a Swiss National League B team, where he played alongside American-born Marty Sertich scoring 45 points in 36 games. On June 18, 2011, Germyn was released from the final year of his contract to join the Straubing Tigers of the German DEL.

Towards the end of his third season with the Straubing Tigers in 2013–14, with the club out of contention for the playoffs, he was loaned for the remainder of the season to AIK IF of the Swedish Hockey League, on February 26, 2014.

Career statistics

References

External links

1982 births
Abbotsford Heat players
AIK IF players
Calgary Flames players
EHC Olten players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Kelowna Rockets players
Living people
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Norfolk Admirals players
Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights players
People from Campbell River, British Columbia
Quad City Flames players
Red Deer Rebels players
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Straubing Tigers players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Benny Gall

Benny Gall (born 14 March 1971) is a Danish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and the current head coach of fourth tier Denmark Series club BK Avarta.

He has previously been the manager of B93's 2nd Division East team and Elite 3000 Helsingør, BK Avarta. Before his job at B.93, he was the manager of F.C. Copenhagen's reserve team, Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. He also worked as an assistant coach at Akademisk Boldklub (AB).

Gall, had a sporadically successful playing career in Denmark and a spell, with Shrewsbury Town in England when they were in Division Three.
Galls first club was BK Fremad Amager near his home town of Copenhagen.
Spells at Brønshøj BK Dordrecht 90 and De Graafschap followed, before he moved across to England to join up with Jake Kings Shrewsbury Town.
While not an overly successful period in the club's history, Gall managed almost 40 appearances as he battled for the 1st team jersey with Paul Edwards.
By 2001, Gall had returned to his native Denmark finishing his career with F.C. Copenhagen
in a player coach capacity.

Honours
Danish Superliga: 2002-03, 2003-04, 2005-06 & 2006-07 (with Copenhagen)

References

External links
 

1971 births
Living people
Danish men's footballers
Denmark men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Danish Superliga players
Kjøbenhavns Boldklub players
Brønshøj Boldklub players
FC Dordrecht players
De Graafschap players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Esbjerg fB players
F.C. Copenhagen players
Danish football managers
Boldklubben af 1893 managers
Boldklubben Avarta managers
FC Helsingør managers
Footballers from Copenhagen
Madden, County Armagh

Madden (also known as Madden Raparees ) is a small village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is within the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area. It has a population of around 200 people. (2001 Census: 105 people)

History 
The current Roman Catholic church at Madden was built in 1998, replacing an earlier building. The Church of Ireland church of St John's, Derrynoose is also in the townland of Madden. The glebe-house for that church was erected by the Reverend James Jones. and was described as "large and handsome". It is now a roofless ruin.

Education 
St. Joseph's Primary School
Modern newly built school

Sport 
The main sports in Madden are Gaelic football and Camogie and also played is road bowling. The local GAA club, Madden Raparees GAC (Ropairí na Madan), plays in county competitions at Senior level.

The road bowling club contains a number of All-Ireland champions at various grades.

References 

Lewis's Topographical Dictionary, 1837

Villages in County Armagh
Townlands of County Armagh
Super Foul Egg

Super Foul Egg is a Puyo Puyo clone for the Amiga and the Acorn Archimedes. It was inspired by Amiga Powers comment that no decent clone of the game was made for the machine. After reading the comment, a reader created the game and sent it to the magazine, which included it on their cover disk. The game went on to be ranked the 34th best game of all time by Amiga Power.

Gameplay

Super Foul Egg is a clone of Puyo Puyo, where pairs of differently-coloured blocks (eggs in this case) drop from above, and the player has to manipulate them into the correct position by moving them left and right, or by rotating the pair. Eggs continue to fall until they rest on another egg. When four or more eggs of the same colour touch each other horizontally or vertically (not diagonally) they vanish, and one or more grey-coloured "foul eggs" drops onto the screen of the opposing player. Foul eggs don't make sets, so they only serve to fill up the screen and hasten a player's defeat. However, eggs that vanish also destroy any adjacent foul eggs. Creating combos whereby disappearing eggs cause a chain reaction in which other eggs fall and make matched sets greatly increases the number of foul eggs that fall on the opponent. The first player to have their screen filled up with un-matched eggs loses.

The game can be played on a single player practice, against a computer AI with two levels of difficulty or in a 2-player head to head mode. The speed of egg drop, and the number of different colours eggs can be adjusted in the main menu.

Ports
It was later ported to RISC OS by Owain Cole and appeared on the Acorn User cover disk, and this version was later ported to Java. Remakes exist for the Nintendo DS, Mac OS X and iPad.

References

External links 
 Amiga version of the game.
 Nintendo DS remake.
 iPad remake.

1995 video games
Amiga games
Acorn Archimedes games
Falling block puzzle games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
List of mayors of Sofia

This is a chronological list of mayors of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, since that post was established after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. The first governor of Sofia was Petr Alabin.

Initially, the mayors of Sofia were assigned by the Provisional Russian Administration. After the newly restored Bulgarian state was already functioning on its own, in the end of 1878, mayors were chosen by the municipal council. Until 1944, the mayor (with the official title of "Chairman of the City Administrative Council") was appointed through a Tsar's decree after a candidate was suggested by the Minister of Internal Affairs. After that date, the mayor (officially "Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sofia City (later Capital) People's Council") was formally chosen by the municipal councilors, albeit after being specified by the Bulgarian Communist Party management.

Since the democratic changes and the 7th Grand National Assembly in 1990 that led to the appointment of an interim mayor (Green Party of Bulgaria leader Aleksandar Karakachanov), the residents of Sofia received the right to choose their mayor, the first democratically elected one being Aleksandar Yanchulev on 13 October 1991.

List

References

See also
 List of mayors of Plovdiv
 List of mayors of Varna
 List of mayors of Pleven
List of mayors of Veliko Tarnovo

 
Sofia
Mayors
Country ham

Country ham is a variety of heavily salted ham preserved by curing and smoking, associated with the cuisine of the Southern United States.

Production
Country hams are salt-cured (with or without nitrites) for one to three months. They are usually hardwood smoked (usually hickory and red oak), but some types of country ham, such as the "salt-and-pepper ham" of North Carolina, are not smoked. Missouri country hams traditionally incorporate brown sugar in their cure mix and are known to be milder and less salty than hams produced in more eastern states such as Kentucky and Virginia. They are then aged for several months to 3 years, depending on the fat content of the meat.

See also

 List of dried foods
 List of hams
 List of smoked foods
 Smithfield ham, a type of country ham.

References

Further reading
 Megan E. Edwards. "Virginia Ham: The Local and Global of Colonial Foodways". Food and Foodways 19 (Jan. 2011). pp. 56–73.

Ham
Dried meat
Cuisine of the Southern United States
Smoked meat
Jerry DeLoach

Jerry Andre DeLoach (born July 17, 1977) is a former American football defensive end. He played college football at California. An undrafted player in the National Football League, DeLoach played for the Washington Redskins from 2000 to 2001 and Houston Texans from the team's first season in 2002 to 2005.

Early life and college career
DeLoach was born and raised in Sacramento, California, where he graduated from Valley High School in 1995. At the University of California, Berkeley, DeLoach played at defensive end for the California Golden Bears from 1996 to 1999. In his first three seasons, DeLoach had 98 total tackles including 19 for loss totaling 80 yards, 6.5 sacks, and one interception. A second-team All-Pac-10 honoree in 1998, he played only three games in his senior season of 1999 due to neck and shoulder injuries. Invited to play in the East West Shrine game and the Senior bowl. Invited to the NFL combine.

Professional career
Following the 2000 NFL Draft, DeLoach signed with the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent on April 27, 2000. DeLoach was a member of the Washington practice squad during the 2000 regular season. In 2001, DeLoach played in 15 games with four starts for Washington, recording 11 total tackles including a sack, in addition to one pass deflected.

On March 4, 2002, the expansion Houston Texans acquired DeLoach in a trade with Washington in exchange for quarterback Danny Wuerffel, the first trade in the franchise's history. Houston had planned to select DeLoach in the expansion draft before he was pulled from the exemption list after his Washington teammate Matt Campbell was selected. He played in 58 games with 36 starts for Houston from 2002 to 2005, with 121 total tackles, including 2.0 sacks among 13 tackles for loss, and 11 passes deflected.

Filmography

References

External links
NFL.com profile

1977 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
California Golden Bears football players
Washington Redskins players
Houston Texans players
Players of American football from Sacramento, California
Luca Casarini

Luca Casarini (Venezia, 1967) is an Italian activist and former proponent of the Tute Bianche movement. Casarini was influential in the development of the "white overalls" movement, that practiced social and civil disobedience while dressed in white overalls and padding (known as a "padded block").

On 18 March 2008 Casarini's first novel, La parte della Fortuna, was published by Mondadori.

See also

 Civil and social disobedience
 Disobbedienti
 WOMBLES
 Ya Basta

References 

Italian activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Left Ecology Freedom politicians
Italian Left politicians
People from Mestre
Podsolisation

Podsolisation is an extreme form of leaching which causes the eluviation of iron and aluminium sesquioxides.

The process generally occurs in areas where precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration.  The minerals are removed by a process known as leaching.

When organic material is broken down nutrients are released, but at the same time organic acids are released. These organic acids are known as chelating agents. Many podsol soils form underneath coniferous forests, the fact that pine trees are evergreen causes a very thin litter layer inhibiting the production of humus. As a result, an acidic (pH 4.5) mor humus is produced which provides a greater amount of chelating agents.

The A Horizon
In podsolisation, chelating agents break down clay and release minerals such as iron and aluminium. When iron and aluminium are hydrated they become sesquioxides. The sesquioxides are translocated from the A Horizon, a zone of out-washing, to the B Horizon, a zone of illuviation. Many bases such as calcium and potassium are also leached from the zone along with organic matter and silica. Often minerals like quartz and silica are left behind in the A horizon. What is significantly different about podsols in comparison to other soils is that the bottom of A horizon is known as the AE horizon, which is an eluviated area which has lost sesquioxides. It tends to be an ash gray colour.

The B Horizon
The B Horizon has dark layer where minerals, organic matter and bases are being illuviated (washed in/accumulated). Below this is a red/orange layer of iron and aluminium sesquioxides deposit. Some bases remain in the soil, though others may be lost by throughflow. In many podsols, Iron Pans are created. This can cause water logging which may then saturate the A horizon leading to mottling or a gleyed podsol.

Also useful: soil chemistry

References

Soil chemistry
Amerikai Magyar Szó

Amerikai Magyar Szó is a United States Hungarian language independent weekly newspaper published in New York City. The paper is published by the American Hungarian Federation, based in Washington, DC, a non-profit organization tracing its roots back to its founding in 1906.

Footnotes

External links
 American Hungarian Federation official website. American Hungarian Federation.org

Weekly newspapers published in the United States
Hungarian-American culture in New York (state)
Hungarian-language newspapers published in the United States
1906 establishments in the United States
Non-English-language newspapers published in New York (state)
Universal (YFriday album)

Universal was YFriday's fourth album. It was released on 31 March 2006 at Youth for Christ's IXth Hour event in Newcastle.

Track listing
 "Universal" – 3:32 (Ken Riley)
 "I'm Yours" – 4:23 (Ken Riley)
 "Wonderful" – 3:35 (Ken Riley)
 "Lullaby" – 4:33 (Ken Riley)
 "Calling" – 4:09 (Ken Riley)
 "Gravity" – 5:23 (Ken Riley)
 "Shadow of the Cross" – 4:14 (Ken Riley)
 "Everlasting God" – 4:32 (Brenton Brown/Ken Riley)
 "One Hope" – 3:31 (Ken Riley)
 "Yahweh" – 3:55 (Ken Riley)
 "Hallelujah" – 4:10 (Ken Riley)

Personnel
 Ken Riley - vocals and guitars
 Gav Richards - keyboards and backing vocals
 Danny Smith - bass and backing vocals
 Dez Minto - drums

2006 albums
Survivor Records albums
YFriday albums
Carlos Fernández-Pello

Carlos Fernández-Pello (born in Asturias, Spain) is a faculty member of the University of California, Berkeley, Department of Mechanical Engineering.  He also serves as an associate dean in the Graduate Division at Berkeley, where he oversees the Graduate Diversity Program, the American Indian Graduate Program, Graduate Division’s academic services, fellowships, publications, and websites.  His research interests are in combustion, heat and mass transfer, microgravity combustion, micro and meso-scale combustion, ignition and flame propagation, smouldering and transition to flaming combustion. Fernández-Pello has been involved in teaching and research activities since the 1970s in different institutions.

Career and research
Carlos Fernández-Pello received his Ph.D. from University of California, San Diego in 1975 under the supervision of Forman A. Williams. Earlier, he received his M.Sc. degree (1973) at U.C. San Diego, and his Bachelor at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain, 1968). After working as a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard, Princeton University and Northwestern University, he joined UC Berkeley in 1980. Since then, he has held the following academic positions: associate dean of the Graduate Division (since 2003), vice-chairman of graduate matters, Mechanical Engineering Department (1997–2000), vice-chairman Graduate Council (2000–2001), professor (since 1986), and associate professor (1982–1986).

He has served as an engineer in the industry at SENER (Spain). He is a Fellow of The Spanish Royal Academy of Engineering, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The Combustion Institute, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Also, he had been a member of the Universities Space Research Association, the Microgravity Science and Applications Council, the board of directors of the Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics at UC Berkeley, the NASA Space Station Science and Applications Advisory Committee, and of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is an active member of the editorial advisory board of journals in the field of combustion.

Fernández-Pello has research experience in several topics of combustion, but he is better known for his contributions in three main topics: Flame spread over solid fuels, smouldering combustion and microscale combustion.

References

External links 
 Fernández-Pello's webpage

American people of Asturian descent
Mechanical engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Spanish emigrants to the United States
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
Polytechnic University of Madrid alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
Princeton University staff
Harvard University staff
Northwestern University faculty
Fellows of The Combustion Institute
Line 5 (Saint Petersburg Metro)

Line 5 of the Saint Petersburg Metro, also known as Frunzensko-Primorskaya Line () or Purple Line, is a newest rapid transit line in Saint Petersburg, Russia, opened in 2008, which connects the historical city centre to the northwestern and southern districts. It has 15 stations covering a total length of .  Although it opened on 20 December 2008, parts of the line are considerably older.  At its official opening in 2008, it included only two stations that opened concurrently with the line.  On 7 March 2009, the Metro incorporated six existing stations of Line 4 (Pravoberezhnaya) into Line 5, expanding it to nine stations.

Admiralteyskaya station, which is the deepest station in Russia and one of the deepest in the world, at 86 metres, opened on this line 2011.

The line is named after the Primorsky district and Russian Bolshevik commander Mikhail Frunze.

History

History of construction 
Expansion plans that included the route of the current Line 5 first appeared in the 1980s. Construction began in 1987, but the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resultant financial crash forced the city to freeze the construction of the Frunzensky branch (the section south of Sadovaya). Sadovaya, which opened in 1991, is the oldest station on the line.

City officials decided to continue building the Primorsky branch (the section north of Sadovaya). Sportivnaya and Chkalovskaya opened in 1997, Staraya Derevnya and Krestovsky Ostrov opened in 1999, and Komendantsky Prospekt opened in 2005. The Metro incorporated these stations into the Line 4 (Pravoberezhnaya) once the Frunzensky branch was completed.

Subsequent to the formal opening of Line 5, and the connection of the Primorsky and Fruzensky branches in March 2009, Obvodny Kanal station was opened on the existing open section of line on 30 December 2010.  The long-awaited Admiralteyskaya station, serving many of the historic and tourist sites in the city, was opened on 28 December 2011, also on an existing open section of line.  Prior to this date, most trains bypassed this partially completed station, save for a few trains that dropped off and picked up construction workers.

Rolling Stock
The line currently has trains of 81-540/541 and the .2 and .5 modifications running since the opening.

Timeline

Future projects 
On the northern end of the line, three stations are planned namely Shuvalovsky Prospekt, Plesetskaya, Artseulovskaya and Kolomyazhskaya. They will be followed by another new depot. Once completed, the line will have 19 stations, and will be in excess of  long.

References

Saint Petersburg Metro lines
Railway lines opened in 2008
2008 establishments in Russia
Laguna Las Camelias Wildlife Refuge

Las Camelias Lake Wildlife Refuge (), is a wildlife refuge that is part of the Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area, in the northern part of Costa Rica, near Upala in the Alajuela Province, close to the border with Nicaragua. It protects palustrine wetlands and forests which serve as a feeding and breeding ground for 240 species of birds, including the Muscovy duck and jabiru. It was created in 1994 by decree 22753-MIRENEM.

References

Geography of Alajuela Province
Nature reserves in Costa Rica
Protected areas established in 1994
Halosere

A halosere is an ecological succession in a saline water saline environments. An example of a halosere is a salt marsh.

In a river estuary, large amounts of silt are deposited by the ebbing tides, as well as inflowing rivers.

Plants in halosere

The earliest plant colonizers are algae and zostera, which can tolerate submergence by the tide for most of the 12 hour cycle and which trap mud, causing it to accumulate. 

Two other colonizer plants are Salicornia, and Spartina, which are both halophytes. Halophytes are plants that can tolerate saline conditions and they grow on the intertidal mudflats with a maximum of four hours' exposure to air every 12 hours. On a large scale halophytes have colonized the halosere on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Halosere vegetation can also be found in the salt marshes of the Wadden Sea islands and the zone towards the dunes.

River estuaries
In a river estuary, large amount of silt are depositing. Halosere in river estuaries consist of mudflats and the so called sward zone. Halosere sward zones can be found in the Llanrhidian marsh on the Gower Peninsula.

See also

 Seral community

References

Ecological succession
Wetlands
Estuaries
1974 in organized crime



Events
Luciano Leggio is brought to court a third time by prosecutor Cesare Terranova. This time for the murder of Michele Navarra, a crime Leggio had committed 16 years earlier. Leggio is found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Leggio officially remains caporegime of the Corleonesi Clan, but delegates authority to his pre-consuls on the Cupola  Bernardo "The Tractor" Provenzano and Salvatore Riina.
January 23 – Colombo crime family consigliere Alphonse Persico was sentenced to 2 months for contempt (although granted immunity, he refused to testify in a grand jury investigation of racketeering influence in legitimate business).
January 24 – Former Bonanno crime family underboss Carmine Galante was released from prison after serving 12 years on Federal narcotics charges and returned to New York City with avowed intention of gaining control of the Bonanno Family.
July 19 – Stefano Magaddino, in control of criminal operations in the Buffalo and the Eastern Ohio area for several decades, dies of a heart attack. Salvatore "Samuel Johns" Pieri becomes new Boss.
October 9 – A body, believed to be that of Dominick Scialo, a Colombo Family caporegime, was discovered buried in the basement of a South Brooklyn social club.  There was suspicion that Carlo Gambino ordered the slaying after Scialo disrespected Gambino in a Coney Island, Brooklyn restaurant.

Arts and literature
Crazy Joe (film)  starring Peter Boyle.
The Godfather Part II (film)  starring Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, John Cazale and Talia Shire.
Lucky Luciano (film)  starring Gian Maria Volonté and Vincent Gardenia.

Births

Deaths
January 14 – Joseph Dippolito, Underboss of the Los Angeles crime family
July 19 – Stefano Magaddino "The Undertaker", New York mobster
October 19 – Nick Licata, Boss of the Los Angeles crime family

Organized crime
Years in organized crime
Mountnorris

Mountnorris is a small village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The village also extends into the townland of Tullyherron. It lies about six miles south of Markethill. It is within the Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon local government area. It had a population of 155 people (79 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 Census: 165 people)

History 
The townland of Mountnorris was historically called Aghnecranagh and Aghenecranagh (). In 1600 Lord Mountjoy built an earthwork fort and left a garrison of 400 men under the command of Captain Edward Blaney in Mountnorris. The area took its name by combining the names of Mountjoy and his campaign commander in the Low Countries, Sir John Norris.

By 1620, the village no longer had a garrison and in the 18th century passed into the hands of the Cope family of Loughgall, to become a rural settlement with no military connections. The village was the originally intended site of the Royal School but due to instability at the time in Ulster, the school was resituated to its current site in Armagh and was opened in 1608.

On 31 May 1991, during "The Troubles", the Provisional IRA carried out a large truck bomb attack against the British Army (Ulster Defence Regiment) base at nearby Glenanne. It killed three soldiers and wounded another ten. It is often called the "Glenanne barracks bombing".

Climate

People 

Andrew Trew Wood (1826–1903), a Canadian businessman and parliamentarian, was born in Mountnorris.
David James McEwen was born in Mountnorris in 1863, son of the Presbyterian Minister, Reverend William McEwen. David James McEwen was raised at Rosehill in Mountnorris until 1889, when he emigrated to Australia. By 1895 he owned and operated the Pharmacy in Chiltern, Victoria and in 1900 he and his wife Sarah (née McMillen) had a son, John McEwen, who would become the 18th Prime Minister of Australia.
Billy Wright (1960–1997, the loyalist paramilitary leader, was raised in Mountnorris. He founded the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) in 1996 and was assassinated in 1997 by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA).

Education 

Mountnorris Primary School
St. Teresa's Primary School

References 

Visit Armagh

See also 
List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland

Villages in County Armagh
Townlands of County Armagh
Busfest

Busfest (known before 2012 as Vanfest) is a three-day annual festival held in early September at the Three Counties Showground in Malvern, Worcestershire, England, for owners of VW camper-vans—the Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter or "Bus". First held in 1994, it is an international festival, with a large contingency from Germany every year, and attendees from the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Sweden, USA and even Australia.

The festival is owned and produced by Vanfest Ltd and it is the largest VW Transporter festival in the world, attended by up to 9000 vans and 45,000 people. Simon Holloway owns the event and is Festival Coordinator; Neil Pickett is Festival Director. They are assisted by over 50 event professionals and 150 volunteers. Attendees camp in their vans at campsites within the showground, which is equipped with sanitation facilities. The festival, which is open to day visitors as well as campers, has over 350 trade stands, two arenas with fulltime entertainment schedules, a fun fair, FunZone, sideshows and displays, and walkabout entertainers.

There are several live music stages with evening entertainment for all ages, featuring various types of music. Recent bands who have appeared there include The X Factor Tour, Slade, Showaddywaddy, Dr & The Medics, The Drifters, Rockaoke, The Rubettes, The Commitments, Bad Manners, Right Said Fred,   Brotherhood Of Man, Karen Coleman, and the Edwin Starr Band. The HUB Stage is a "drop-in/drop-out" stage hosted by VDub Radio, who do a 24-hour Internet radio show from the stage studio, as well as 12 hours a day of live DJs, fun, competitions and giveaways. The Severn Stage is the main undercover stage, holding party nights with impressionists and tribute bands. The SheepShed Stage hosts rock, alternative and local bands, whilst the Chill Stage features laid-back beats and acoustic vibes; and the Dance Stage features techno, trance, dance and house music from top DJs.

References

External links

Auto shows
Malvern, Worcestershire
Volkswagen Group
Green Party of Iraq

The Green Party of Iraq was created in 2003 and is dedicated to build an Iraq that is committed to "democracy, justice, and freedom" and one that respects equal rights for all Iraqis, irrespective of "religion, sect, or ethnicity".  The political party does not have any elected members in the Council of Representatives of Iraq.

Platform
The Green Party of Iraqi has sixteen core values, similar to the Global Greens ten key values.

1. Democracy.
2. Unity of Iraq.
3. Constitution committed to justice and equality for all.
4. Free and Just Multi-Party Elections.
5. Protecting Islam, while respecting religious freedom.
6. Economy that provides for a dignified life.
9. Army and the Armed Forces that follows civilian and constitutional law.
10. Right Medicare, Social and Educational Welfare.
11. Respect for Iraqi diverse Culture and National Heritage. 
12. Respect for Kurdish and Ethnic Minority Rights.
13. Respect for Farmers and Workers Rights. 
14. Respect for Human rights and punishment for those that violate these rights.
15. Freedom of the Press, Publication and Information.

References
Green Party of Iraq

2003 establishments in Iraq
Defunct political parties in Iraq
Green parties in Asia
Political parties established in 2003
Political parties with year of disestablishment missing
Mast (Meher Baba)

A mast (pronounced "must"), in Meher Baba's teaching, is a person who is overwhelmed with love for God, accompanied with external disorientation resembling intoxication. The word was coined by Meher Baba and originates from the Sufi term mast-Allah meaning "intoxicated with God"  from Persian mast, literally meaning "intoxicated." Another interpretation of its origin is that it is derived from masti, a Persian word meaning "overpowered."

Overview
According to Meher Baba, a mast is one who is entranced or spellbound by internal spiritual experiences and ecstasies, who cannot function outwardly in an ordinary way, and may appear mad to a casual outside observer. Such experiences, according to Meher Baba, stem from the station of a mast's consciousness (his or her state of consciousness) on inner planes of involution. In The Wayfarers: Meher Baba With the God-Intoxicated, British medical doctor William Donkin documents at length  Meher Baba's contacts with masts throughout South Asia (primarily Iran, India, and Pakistan). The introduction, written by Meher Baba, explains their unique state and their outward characteristics. He carefully distinguishes the mast state from madness and explains that in the case of the mad person, the mind is sped up, while in the case of the mast it is slowed down. Meher Baba made a Sufi analogy (reflecting the poetry of Hafez) to the drunkenness of one intoxicated with wine, but in this case, the wine is the love of God. Meher Baba contacted thousands of masts all over India, Pakistan, and Iran, saying that he was freeing them from enchantment and helping them to continue on the spiritual path and to be of inward service to humanity.

Masts can be in varying degrees of the states of salik or majzoob. Salik means more in touch with outward surroundings, meaning grounded and ordinary. Majzoob refers to that state of being immersed in the inner plane and divorced from the outside world.

References

External links

 God-Intoxicated Pilgrims

Anti-psychiatry
Islamic practices
Islamic terminology
Persian words and phrases
Sufi philosophy
Hillcrest Park

Hillcrest Park is located in the Riley Park neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia. It is located immediately north of Queen Elizabeth Park and west of Riley Park.

Next to Hillcrest Park is the site containing Nat Bailey Stadium, home of the Vancouver Canadians baseball team; the Millennium Sports Centre, home to both the Phoenix Gymnastics Club and the Pacific Indoor Bowls Club; and the Vancouver Racquets Club.

The little league Little Mountain Baseball has its ballpark and clubhouse in Hillcrest Park. They also use ballparks at Riley Park for the younger age groups. In addition, there are two larger diamonds used by Vancouver Community Baseball. During the soccer season the ballparks are converted to be used as soccer fields by various competitive and recreational leagues.

Hillcrest Park also is home to the Vancouver Curling Club. It had been at the south-west corner of the park in a small building, with only 5 sheets.  With the 2010 Winter Olympics coming to Vancouver the club gained and expanded facility, at the Hillcrest Centre, next door to the Millennium Sports Centre. The new facility houses a new community centre, library, ice rink, curling arena, and the Percy Norman Aquatic Centre. Construction of the arena started in March 2007 and was mostly completed by February 2009. The aquatics portion of the building was completed in spring of 2009, and the final renovations to finish the community centre occurred after the 2010 Winter Games.

Financial Support
The project was made available from all levels of government. Through the Canada-BC Infrastructure Program (CBCIP), administered by Western Economic Diversification Canada, the Government of Canada (GoC) and the Province of BC invested $1.7 million. The Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation provided $250,000, and agreed to lease the land to the Vancouver Millennium Sport Facility Society for $1 per year-an in kind donation equivalent to more than $2 million.

References
Little Mountain Baseball
Vancouver Curling Club
Phoenix Gymnastics Club
Vancouver Racquets Club
News Releases - Vancouver's Millennium Sports Centre welcomes the community and the world
Riley/Hillcrest Park master plan

External links
Vancouver Park Board - Hillcrest Park

Parks in Vancouver
Venues of the 2010 Winter Olympics