alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Oak Park Unified School District

Oak Park Unified School District (OPUSD) is a K-12 school district in southeast Ventura County, California, USA. It consists of seven public schools in the community of Oak Park.

History
When the community of Oak Park was created in the 1900s, it was within the Simi Valley Unified School District. However, there was no high school in the area, so students had to be bused 23 miles (37 km) each way to Simi Valley for school.

In the early 1970s, residents appealed to the Las Virgenes Unified School District to annex their neighborhood. School district officials were so inclined, but residents of neighboring Agoura Hills considered people in Oak Park to be lower class. In a 1974 school board meeting where the idea was discussed, one woman complained about Oak Park's "little dope addicts," after which a fight broke out between her husband and an Oak Park resident, and the idea was scrapped.

In 1977, voters approved a measure to create their own school district, followed by a $40-million bond measure to finance new classrooms. Oak Park High School opened in 1981.

Since 2004, the district has also accepted out-of-district students through the State's District of Choice (DOC) program.  These permits do not require a release from resident districts. Both traditional inter-district and District of Choice permits are approved based on the available space within our district. Since becoming a district of choice, Oak Park has become a more diverse district. Prior to becoming a DOC District, the student demographics were 90% white. In the 2019-20 school year the student demographics were 56% White, 25% Asian, 10% Latino, 1.5% Black, and 6% two or more races. In 2021-22, about half of all Oak Park students are attending school under with the interdistrict permit or the DOC program. Since 2000 there have been no new homes built in Oak Park and the resident population has remained approximately the same.

School
The district's seven schools are:

High schools
 Oak Park High School
 Oak View High School
Oak Park Independent School

Middle schools
 Medea Creek Middle School

Elementary schools
 Brookside Elementary School
 Oak Hills Elementary School
 Red Oak Elementary School

References

External links
 

School districts in Ventura County, California
Oak Park, California
School districts established in 1977
1977 establishments in California
Graves de communi re

Graves de communi re is an encyclical written by Pope Leo XIII in 1901, on Christian Democracy. It is part of a larger body of writings known as Catholic social teaching, that trace their origin to Rerum novarum which was issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891. While reaffirming the Church's opposition to individualistic liberal capitalism, it also denied that the new ideals of Christian Democracy were an endorsement of the principles of a democratic political system. Leo also attacks socialism within the work, referring to it as a "harvest of misery" ''.

See also
 List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII

References

External links
 Graves de Communi Re at vatican website
Graves de Communi Re at EWTN website

1901 in Christianity
1901 documents
Encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII
January 1901 events
Christian democracy
Ford Amphitheatre

Ford Amphitheatre may refer to:
MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre, originally Ford Amphitheatre, in Tampa, Florida, U.S.
John Anson Ford Amphitheatre, in Hollywood, California, U.S.
Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island, in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Gerald R. Ford Amphitheatre, in Vail, Colorado, U.S., an amphitheatre

See also
Ford Park, a multi-purpose park and arena in Beaumont, Texas, U.S.
Ford Idaho Center, a complex of sports and entertainment venues in Nampa, Idaho, U.S.
Wigglesworthia glossinidia

Wigglesworthia glossinidia is a species of gram-negative bacteria which was isolated from the gut of the tsetse fly. W. glossinidia is a bacterial endosymbiont of the tsetse fly.  Because of this relationship, Wigglesworthia has lost a large part of its genome and has one of the smallest known genomes of any living organism, consisting of a single chromosome of 700,000 bp and a plasmid of 5,200.  Together with Buchnera aphidicola, Wigglesworthia has been the subject of genetic research into the minimal genome necessary for any living organism.  Wigglesworthia also synthesizes key B-complex vitamins which the tsetse fly does not get from its diet of blood. Without the vitamins Wigglesworthia produces, the tsetse fly has greatly reduced growth and reproduction.  Since the tsetse fly is the primary vector of Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen that causes African trypanosomiasis, it has been suggested that W. glossinidia may one day be used to help control the spread of this disease.

History 
W. glossinidia was first described in 1995 and was named for the British entomologist Sir Vincent Brian Wigglesworth.

References

External links 
 Genome  News Network article on Wigglesworthia
  University of Bath minimal genome research
 Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis complete proteome

Bacteria described in 1995
Donnerskirchen

Donnerskirchen (, )  is a market town in the district Eisenstadt-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Burgenland.

History

World War II
During World War II a small concentration camp was located near the village. In 1951, Nikolaus Schorn was convicted of the murder of Jewish slave laborers in the Donnerskirchen camp in January, 1945, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Schorn was head of the camp. Most of his victims were Hungarian Jews.

Population

See also 
 The Holocaust

References

External links
 Nona.net — region maps of Donnerskirchen
 www.WineDirectories.com  — Wineries in Donnerskirchen
 www.WebTourist.net — Tourism information

Cities and towns in Eisenstadt-Umgebung District
Wine regions of Austria
2006 Rhineland-Palatinate state election

The 2006 Rhineland-Palatinate state election was held on 26 March 2006 to elect the members of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. The incumbent coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Kurt Beck retained its majority. However, as the SPD won an outright majority, the FDP chose not to continue the coalition. Beck was subsequently re-elected as Minister-President.

Campaign and issues
The election was one of the first held under the grand coalition federal government. Thus, the SPD and CDU did not attack each other as harshly as previously. The SPD was expected to benefit from the personality of Kurt Beck, while the CDU ran again with their leader Christoph Böhr, who had already lost the 2001 election.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Opinion polling

Election result

|-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! +/-
! Seats 
! +/-
! Seats %
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | Social Democratic Party (SPD)
| align=right| 799,377
| align=right| 45.6
| align=right| 0.8
| align=right| 53
| align=right| 4
| align=right| 52.5
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
| align=right| 574,329
| align=right| 32.8
| align=right| 2.5
| align=right| 38
| align=right| 0
| align=right| 37.6
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | Free Democratic Party (FDP)
| align=right| 140,865
| align=right| 8.0
| align=right| 0.2
| align=right| 10
| align=right| 2
| align=right| 9.9
|-
! colspan=8|
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)
| align=right| 81,411
| align=right| 4.6
| align=right| 0.6
| align=right| 0
| align=right| 6
| align=right| 0
|-
| bgcolor=#FF8000| 
| align=left | Labour and Social Justice (WASG)
| align=right| 44,826
| align=right| 2.6
| align=right| New
| align=right| 0
| align=right| New
| align=right| 0
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | The Republicans (REP)
| align=right| 29,919
| align=right| 1.7
| align=right| 0.7
| align=right| 0
| align=right| ±0
| align=right| 0
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | Free Voters (FW)
| align=right| 27,652
| align=right| 1.6
| align=right| 0.9
| align=right| 0
| align=right| ±0
| align=right| 0
|-
| bgcolor=| 
| align=left | National Democratic Party (NPD)
| align=right| 21,056
| align=right| 1.2
| align=right| 0.7
| align=right| 0
| align=right| ±0
| align=right| 0
|-
| bgcolor=|
| align=left | Others
| align=right| 33,675
| align=right| 1.9
| align=right| 
| align=right| 0
| align=right| ±0
| align=right| 0
|-
! align=right colspan=2| Total
! align=right| 1,753,110
! align=right| 100.0
! align=right| 
! align=right| 101
! align=right| ±0
! align=right| 
|-
! align=right colspan=2| Voter turnout
! align=right| 
! align=right| 58.2
! align=right| 4.0
! align=right| 
! align=right| 
! align=right| 
|}

Sources
 Rhineland-Palatinate State Statistics Office

Rhineland-Palatinate state election
2006
Rhineland-Palatinate state election
Parken Sport & Entertainment

Parken Sport & Entertainment A/S (short: PS&E) is a Danish company located at Parken Stadium in the Østerbro area of Copenhagen. The company was founded on 1. April 1991 to run the football club F.C. Copenhagen (in Danish: F.C. København or just FCK). Today PS&E operates F.C. Copenhagen, Lalandia (water parks), Parken Stadium stadium and office space for leasing at the stadium.

Board and directors 
PS&E board Members and Directors (pr. 17 September 2020):

Ownership and group structure 
Parken Sport & Entertainment's major shareholders are:

 Seier Capital Denmark A/S: 22,55% (owned by Lars Seier)
 KPS Invest A/S: 20,54% (owned by Karl Peter Korsgaard Sørensen)
 Es-Parken ApS: 29,8% (owned by Erik Skjærbæk)

The group 
The companies used to operate the different businesses in the group are:

 Driftsselskabet af 1. marts 2006 A/S (100 % ownership)
 Accommodation Services A/S (100% ownership)
 Lalandia A/S (100% ownership)
 Lalandia Billund A/S (100 % ownership)

References

F.C. Copenhagen
Entertainment companies of Denmark
1992 establishments in Denmark
Sports holding companies
Companies listed on Nasdaq Copenhagen
Open Buy Back

Open Buy Back (OBB), are discountable securities traded in the Nigerian Inter-Bank financial market. An Open Buy Back is a money market instrument used to raise short term capital. It is a form of borrowing using Nigerian Government Securities as collateral. It is an open ended transaction with both parties maintaining the right of liquidation or a roll-over without prior notice within trading hours of the day.

An OBB transaction is usually sealed between dealers of different banks and settlement is made at Central Bank where bills are transferred from the borrower's bills holding to the lenders bills portfolio. On the other hand, funds equivalent to the face value of the treasury bills is moved from the account of the lender to the borrower's current account with the Central Bank of Nigeria.

This product offers flexibility, but with interest rate and bank stability risk. It is a product for short-term liquidity. OBB offers the benefits of Treasury bills (counts as liquid asset) while removing the rediscounting risk associated with carrying Treasury Bills.

A casual look at OBB might liken it to a Repo. Though OBB and Repo/Reverse Repo involve the exchange of cash for security with an agreement to buy back, a Repo has a predetermined repurchase date while an OBB is an open ended transaction and securities traded might never be repurchased before maturity.

Also, a Repo can be transacted with different kinds of securities but OBB is strictly limited to Nigerian Government issued securities.

Open Buy Back is only used in the Nigerian financial markets. As a result, companies selling financial software, such as IFlex and Infosys, have made considerable modifications to their applications to accommodate this unique security.

Volatility
During the week of March 6, 2006, interest rates for Nigerian open buy backs crashed from 8.25% to 3.85%.

References

External links
"Banks lie over state of accounts See the section "inaccurate reporting of Open Buy Back (OBB) transactions"
Improper Treatment of Open Buy Back (OBB) Transactions by Banks Issued by Banking Supervision Dept,CBN (PDF format).

Securities (finance)
Gattermann reaction

The Gattermann reaction (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis)  is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride (AlCl3). It is named for the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann and is similar to the Friedel–Crafts reaction.

Modifications have shown that it is possible to use sodium cyanide or cyanogen bromide in place of hydrogen cyanide.

The reaction can be simplified by replacing the HCN/AlCl3 combination with zinc cyanide. Although it is also highly toxic, Zn(CN)2 is a solid, making it safer to work with than gaseous HCN. The Zn(CN)2 reacts with the HCl to form the key HCN reactant and Zn(Cl)2 that serves as the Lewis-acid catalyst in-situ. An example of the Zn(CN)2 method is the synthesis of mesitaldehyde from mesitylene.

Gattermann–Koch reaction

The Gattermann–Koch reaction, named after the German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch, is a variant of the Gattermann reaction in which carbon monoxide (CO) is used instead of hydrogen cyanide.

Unlike the Gattermann reaction, this reaction is not applicable to phenol and phenol ether substrates. Although the highly unstable formyl chloride was initially postulated as an intermediate, formyl cation (i.e., protonated carbon monoxide), [HCO]+, is now thought to be react directly with the arene without the initial formation of formyl chloride.  Additionally, when zinc chloride is used as the Lewis acid instead of aluminum chloride for example, or when the carbon monoxide is not used at high pressure, the presence of traces of copper(I) chloride or nickel(II) chloride co-catalyst is often necessary.  The transition metal co-catalyst may server as a "carrier" by first forming reacting with CO to form a carbonyl complex, which is then transformed into the active electrophile.

See also
 Houben–Hoesch reaction
 Stephen aldehyde synthesis

References

Substitution reactions
Name reactions
Formylation reactions
Addition reactions
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions

ru:Реакция Гаттермана - Коха
MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre

The MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre (originally Ford Amphitheatre and formerly 1-800-ASK-GARY Amphitheatre and Live Nation Amphitheatre) is an outdoor amphitheatre in East Lake-Orient Park, Florida. The venue is located on the Florida State Fairgrounds, adjacent to Interstate 4, in the eastern side of town.

MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre has a capacity of approximately 20,000 (9,900 reserved seats and 10,000 on the lawn).

About the venue
Originally named the Ford Amphitheatre, when opened by Christian artists Michael W. Smith, David Crowder and headliner Mercy Me on July 23, 2004. It was renamed the 1-800-ASK-GARY Amphitheatre when the naming rights were purchased by the lawyer referral service for 2010 to 2012. The name change was not well received. In an online poll accompanying an article on the subject in the St. Petersburg Times, 95% of people responded with either "I hate it" or "I think it's pretty lame". At the beginning of 2013, it was announced Live Nation chose not the renew the naming rights for the facility. For the first five months of 2013, the venue was known as the Live Nation Amphitheatre. On May 15, 2013, MidFlorida Credit Union, a Florida-based financial institution acquired the naming rights for three years.

The amphitheater has played host to many music festivals. On the first Sunday of every December, it hosts 97X's Next Big Thing, an all day rock festival, mainly featuring alternative rock bands.

Bands that perform there must obey a decibel limit, due to noise complaints from residents that live close to the venue. A wall was erected in an attempt to help shield the noise.

Events

See also
List of contemporary amphitheatres
Live Nation

References

External links
Official website

Landmarks in Tampa, Florida
Music venues in Florida
Tourist attractions in Tampa, Florida
Theatres in Tampa, Florida
Music of Tampa, Florida
2004 establishments in Florida
Florida State Fair
Event venues established in 2004
Institute of the Czech Language

The Institute of the Czech Language (, ÚJČ) is a scientific institution dedicated to the study of the Czech language. It is one of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Its headquarters are in Prague and it has a branch in Brno.

The institute was created in 1946, by transformation of the former Office for the Czech Lexicon (), founded in 1911 by the former Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1953 it became a part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and became a public research institution in 2007.

In the Czech Republic, the institute is widely accepted as the regulatory body of the Czech language. Its recommendations on standard Czech () are viewed as binding by the educational system, newspapers and others, although this has no legal basis.

The institute's rich publishing activity has two main branches, firstly scientific monographies, magazines (, ) and articles, that could be viewed as conversation between bohemists themselves, discussing matters of the Czech language. Secondly, what could be considered output of these discussions, is a consistent set of rules on vocabulary, grammar and orthography. Of the recommendations published most weight carry those, to which the institute itself assigns "codification status": monolingual dictionaries of the Czech language, Slovník spisovného jazyka českého and Slovník spisovné češtiny pro školu a veřejnost, and the orthography manual Pravidla českého pravopisu. The recommendations published in new editions of these are usually subsequently accepted by a ministry of education to be used in schools. The publication of new editions has often been a source of heated debate and national controversy, as recently as 1993.

There have been unsuccessful attempts to enshrine the position of the Czech language and its minders in legislation, akin to the Language law of Slovakia.

See also 
 List of language regulators

References

External links 
 Institute of the Czech Language of the AS CR – official site
 Slovník spisovného jazyka českého – Institute's online dictionary

Language regulators
1946 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Organizations established in 1946
Czech Academy of Sciences
Czech language
Thomas Foster

Thomas Foster may refer to:

Politics
 Thomas Foster (MP died 1589), MP for Much Wenlock
 Thomas Foster (1720–1765) (1720–1765), MP for Dorchester
 Thomas Flournoy Foster (1790–1848), American congressman from the state of Georgia
 Thomas Jefferson Foster (1809–1887), Confederate soldier and politician during the American Civil War
 Thomas Foster (Canadian politician) (1852–1945), Canadian politician and mayor of Toronto
 Thomas Foster (Los Angeles), physician and mayor of Los Angeles

Sports
 Thomas Foster (Derbyshire cricketer) (1848–1929), Derbyshire cricketer
 Thomas Foster (Australian cricketer) (1883–1974), Australian cricketer
 Thomas Foster (Yorkshire cricketer) (1871–1947), Yorkshire cricketer
 Thomas Foster (Nottingham cricketer), Nottingham cricketer

Other
 Thomas Foster (painter) (1798–1826), Irish portrait painter
 Thomas Foster (author) (died 1995), Australian Pentecostal minister and author
 Thomas R. Foster, founder of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company
 Thomas C. Foster, American author of How to Read Literature Like a Professor

See also 
Thomas Forster (disambiguation)
Tom Foster, fictional comic book character
 Tom Foster, a character in the 1908 film After Many Years
Bill Irwin (priest)

Monsignor William Irwin,  (1928 – August 29, 2004) was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest who founded, in 1961, what has become the largest multi-function social service agency in Canada, the Catholic Social Services.

In 1988, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in 1998. In 1990, he was appointed an honorary prelate with the title of monsignor by Pope John Paul II.

In May 2008 plans were announced by the Edmonton Catholic School District for the construction of a French immersion elementary school in Monsignor Irwin's name. September 2010 marked the inaugural school year for the elementary school. The school was opened on October 7, 2010 with his nieces and nephews present.

References

 

1928 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests
Officers of the Order of Canada
Scruffy

Scruffy may refer to:


Arts and entertainment
 Scruffy (1938 film), a British film
 Scruffy (1980 film), an animated film based on the children's book Scruffy: The Tuesday Dog
 Scruffy, a 1962 novel by Paul Gallico and the title character, a Barbary ape
Scruffy (Futurama), a recurring character in the Futurama animated series
 Scruffy, the Muirs' dog in the TV series The Ghost & Mrs. Muir
 Bill "Scruffy" McGuffey, a character in the BBC children's series Grange Hill - see List of Grange Hill characters
Scruffy, a character in the Pet Alien computer-animated series
Scruffy Banister, a cat in the 1990 movie Madhouse

Other uses
 Neats vs. scruffies, in the field of artificial intelligence, a school of thought that prefers empiricism to formalism
 Scruffy, a graphical library in Ruby programming language
 Walter H. Longton (1892–1927), English First World War flying ace and later air racer
 Scruffy Wallace (), Scottish-born Canadian bagpipe player and member of the punk group Dropkick Murphys
Buckley railway station

Buckley railway station serves the town of Buckley in Flintshire, Wales. The station is 8½ miles (14 km) north of Wrexham Central on the Borderlands Line.

The station was known as Buckley Junction until 6 May 1974, when it became Buckley. It is the nearest station to Mold, Flintshire.

History

The first railway in the area was the Buckley Railway, a short (5 mile/8 km long) freight branch linking the town with the River Dee at Connah's Quay.  The Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway arrived in 1866 from a terminus at Wrexham Exchange alongside the GWR's  station and was linked into the Buckley Railway from the outset, eventually taking it over in 1873. Passenger services from the south began soon afterwards, but not to the current station, which dates from 1890, when the "Hawarden Loop" line northwards to  was opened.

Further construction by the Great Central Railway added links to Chester and to Bidston (the current route north) by 1896. The original Buckley Railway line down to the docks at Connah's Quay remained freight-only throughout its life, finally closing in 1965. That left the current line at the station and ran via the original Buckley (Old) station (closed in 1890, and briefly reopened between 1893–95). Few traces of that route now remain.

The station became an unstaffed halt in 1969 and the substantial two-storey main building was subsequently sold off. It remains standing to this day and is now used as industrial premises.

Facilities
The station has no ticket provision, so these must be purchased in advance or on the train. Train running information can be obtained via CIS screens, timetable poster boards or a payphone on platform 2. Step-free access is available to both platforms; there is no footbridge at this station however, only a foot crossing that must be used with care.

Services
The station is served by an hourly service Monday - Saturday (two-hourly in the evenings & bank holidays) southbound to Wrexham Central and northbound to Bidston for connections to Birkenhead and Liverpool stations via the Merseyrail Wirral Line. Connections to Shrewsbury, Cardiff and Birmingham (and beyond) are available at  and for the North Wales Coast line at . On Sundays, there is a train approximately every 90 minutes.

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

Railway stations in Flintshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Great Central Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1890
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Helmut Wirnsberger

Helmut Wirnsberger (born in Steyr) was a sniper in the 3rd Mountain Division on the Eastern Front of the Second World War, and was credited with 64 kills.

Wirnsberger was sent to the Eastern Front in September 1942, and fought with both a K-98 and a Gewehr 43 after sniper training in the Seetaler Alpen.

After being wounded, Wirnsberger was reassigned to teach courses on sniper training.

References

Gebirgsjäger of World War II
Austrian military personnel of World War II
German military snipers
People from Steyr
German Army personnel of World War II
Madison Hatters

The Madison Hatters were a minor-league baseball team based in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1994.  A Class A minor league baseball affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals, they were a member of the Midwest League. The team played its home games at Warner Park.

Following the departure of the Madison Muskies after the 1993 season, the Springfield Cardinals franchise moved from Springfield, Illinois to Madison and became the Madison Hatters.  The team never intended to stay in Madison for more than one season, and at the end of the 1994 campaign they moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, where they became the Michigan Battle Cats. The team again relocated for the 2007 season to Midland, Michigan, and they are now known as the Great Lakes Loons.

Team history
After the 1993 season, the Madison Muskies, which had represented Madison in the Midwest League from 1982 to 1993, moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, which had constructed a new stadium, to become the West Michigan Whitecaps.  As a replacement, Madison obtained the Springfield Cardinals franchise, which was renamed the Madison Hatters.

The team played well during the first half of 1994, finishing in second place in the seven-team Southern Division with a 37–33 record, just one game behind the Springfield Sultans.  In the second half, however, their performance dropped off as they finished in fifth place with a 29–40 record.  Joe Cunningham was the manager.  Two players—outfielder Joe McEwing and pitcher Jay Witasick—were named to the league's post-season all-star team. McEwing hit .324 with 4 home runs and 47 runs batted in, while Witasick went 10–4 with a 2.32 earned run averaged and 141 strikeouts.  Jeff Matulevich led the league with 30 saves.

Attendance was weak for the Hatters, with total attendance for the season of 69,060 (11th in the 14-team league), down from the 101,219 attending the Muskies' games the previous season.  By September, the city of Battle Creek had committed to stadium improvements to bring the Hatters to their city, and the Midwest League departed from Madison.

References

Defunct Midwest League teams
Sports in Madison, Wisconsin
St. Louis Cardinals minor league affiliates
1994 establishments in Wisconsin
1994 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Professional baseball teams in Wisconsin
Defunct baseball teams in Wisconsin
Baseball teams disestablished in 1994
Baseball teams established in 1994
Penyffordd railway station

Penyffordd railway station serves the village of Penyffordd in Flintshire, Wales. The station is 7¼ miles (12 km) north of Wrexham Central on the Borderlands Line.

History
The station was opened in 1877 by the Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway, on their 1866 line from Wrexham to Buckley. The line north of the station branched to the west running onto the LNWR line from  to Denbigh via Mold, which passed beneath the Borderlands route a short distance to the north. The route closed to passengers in 1962, but the connection to it from the station was used for freight traffic towards Mold until 1983 to serve the Synthite factory in Mold. The curve of the branch from the Borderlands line west was used as sidings which still remain, however are disused. The east to west line from Chester to Mold was lifted in 1985. The station's 24-lever signal box, which opened in 1885, controlled these and a second siding link into the nearby Castle Cement factory - this latter connection is still occasionally used by trainloads of imported coal to supply the factory kilns. The current signal box was opened on 17 December 1972.

On the eastern side of the station was an adjoining goods yard which closed on 4 May 1964, and reopened on 4 October 1971 for distributing coal. The station became an unstaffed halt in 1969.

The station was renamed from Penyffordd for Leeswood to Penyffordd on 6 May 1974.

Facilities
The station has no ticket facilities, so these must be bought in advance of travel or on the train. The original buildings have been replaced with standard waiting shelters. Train running information is offered via CIS screens, telephone (on platform 2) and timetable poster boards. There is step-free access to both platforms, but the station is not listed as DDA-compliant due to the barrow crossing linking the platforms and latched gate at the main entrance.

Services
The station is served by an hourly service southbound to Wrexham General and northbound to Bidston for connections to Liverpool via the Wirral Lines. This drops to a two-hourly frequency in the evenings. From December 2017 A normal weekday frequency now runs on most Bank holidays.

On Sundays there is a train roughly every 90 minutes in each direction.

References

Bibliography

External links

Railway stations in Flintshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Great Central Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1877
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
1877 establishments in Wales
Robaire Smith

Robaire Fredrick Smith (born November 15, 1977) is a former American football defensive lineman who played defensive end and defensive tackle.

High school and college career
Smith was a Parade All-America selection as a senior at Flint Northern High School. He earned first-team all-state honors with 92 tackles, 11 sacks and caught 17 passes for 297 yards and six touchdowns. He then attended Michigan State University and ranks fifth on the Spartans' career list with 22 sacks and fourth in tackles for loss with 48. He finished his college career with 191 tackles, three interceptions, four forced fumbles and three fumble recoveries.

NFL career
Smith was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the sixth round (197th overall) in the 2000 NFL Draft. In his rookie year, he played in eight games, recording six tackles, 2.5 sacks and one pass defensed. In 2001, he played in ten games, registering 16 tackles and two sacks. Smith signed with the Houston Texans in 2004 as an unrestricted free agent. He was cut on September 3, 2006, and re-signed with the Titans on September 6, 2006. He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cleveland Browns on March 16, 2007.

Personal life
Smith married his long-time girlfriend Monek on March 13, 2007, in Jamaica. The two have four children together, including a set of identical twin boys. His brother, Fernando Smith, played 7 seasons in the NFL.

References

External links
Cleveland Browns bio

1977 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Cleveland Browns players
Houston Texans players
Michigan State Spartans football players
Players of American football from Flint, Michigan
Tennessee Titans players
Hypochondrium

In anatomy, the division of the abdomen into regions can employ a nine-region scheme. The hypochondrium refers to the two hypochondriac regions in the upper third of the abdomen; the left hypochondrium and right hypochondrium. They are located on the lateral sides of the abdominal wall respectively, inferior to (below) the thoracic cage, being separated by the epigastrium.

The liver is in the right hypochondrium, extending through the epigastrium and reaching the left hypochondrium. The spleen and some of the stomach are in the left hypochondrium.

Definitions, etymology, and modern controversies
The word derives from the Greek word υποχόνδριο ("hypochondrio"). This Greek word means literally "below the cartilage" which refers to the costal cartilages. In other words, the word refers to the area of the ventral trunk that is located below the costal cartilages. The word once referred only to the soft portion of the abdomen between the rib cage and the navel (the region once believed to be the seat of hypochondriasis), but it is not used that way in modern anatomy's schemes for the regions of the abdomen.

Some sources have disputed usage of the term for the parts of the anterior abdominal wall below the costal margins. The region named the right hypochondrium exists anatomically, but is almost totally under the chest wall. In clinical situations, the parts of the abdominal wall just below the right and left costal margins are referred to as the right and left hypochondriac regions respectively.

Significance of region
Clinically speaking, symptoms and signs arising from this region are of great importance and have a specific list of diseases in their differential diagnoses.

Additional images

See also 
 Transpyloric plane
 Midclavicular line

References

External links 
 

Abdomen
Acoustic Live in Newcastle

Acoustic Live in Newcastle is the second live album released by Sting.  It was recorded and released shortly after the studio album The Soul Cages, at the Buddle Arts Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, on 20 April 1991. The album includes four tracks from The Soul Cages, as well as a cover of the Bill Withers song "Ain't No Sunshine".

Background 
Acoustic Live in Newcastle was only released as a limited edition box set in the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, and Japan, and is therefore much sought-after by fans.  The venue where the album was recorded is near Sting's birthplace, and the show was an intimate, closed performance for friends, family, and other invited guests.  The sound quality is excellent as is typical of Sting recordings.  Sting used select musicians from the Soul Cages tour, including Northumbrian smallpipe artist Kathryn Tickell.

Box set features 
The box set of Acoustic Live in Newcastle includes an 89-page book entitled The Illustrated Lyrics that features visual interpretations of several Sting songs by artist Roberto Gligorov.  The art is in different styles, including comic book art.

Track listing
 "Mad About You" (Sting)
 "Ain't No Sunshine" (Withers)
 "Island of Souls" (Sting)
 "The Wild Wild Sea" (Sting)
 "The Soul Cages" (Sting)

These recordings were also released as B-sides to the "Seven Days" CD single (tracks 1–2 on one version, tracks 3–5 on another).

Credits 
 Sting – vocals, double bass
 Dominic Miller – guitar, backing vocals
 Vinnie Colaiuta – drums
 David Sancious – keyboards, backing vocals
 Kathryn Tickell – Northumbrian smallpipe

External links 
 Sting.com A review of the entire show, included unrecorded songs.
 Stingoop.com Release details at "Sting out of print"

Sting (musician) live albums
Albums produced by Hugh Padgham
1991 live albums
A&M Records live albums
Korosi

Korosi is a shield volcano located in the Gregory Rift at the northern end of Lake Baringo, Kenya.

See also
 List of volcanoes in Kenya

References 
 

Korosi
Korosi
Korosiol
Shield volcanoes of Africa
NetPresenz

NetPresenz, written by Peter N. Lewis for Stairways Software Pty Ltd, is a World Wide Web and FTP server developed for use on the classic Mac OS. It is an update of an older product called simply FTPd, at the time the most significant FTP daemon available for the Macintosh platform, with added Web and Gopher functionality.

Originally a shareware package, NetPresenz was rendered obsolete by increasing functionality in the Mac OS and has been made freeware. It does not work on macOS.

References

External links
Netpresez 4.1 manual PDF

Macintosh-only software
Web server software
Gopher (protocol)
Freeware
Caergwrle railway station

Caergwrle railway station serves the village of Caergwrle in Flintshire, Wales. The station is 4¾ miles (7 km) north of Wrexham Central on the Borderlands Line.

History
The station was opened as Bridge End in June 1872. From 1885, the station had a signal box towards the southern end of the Wrexham-bound platform, which was named Caergwrle Castle Station signal box from 1898 until 1972, On 1 January 1899, the station itself was renamed to Caergwrle Castle, with the & Wells suffix being included from 1 October 1908. By 1912, the station had a lengthy siding, extending to the north-west, to the Lascelles and Sharman brewery.

The station was renamed from Caergwrle Castle & Wells to Caergwrle on 6 May 1974, and the signal box was closed on 28 November 1982.

Facilities
The station is unstaffed and has no ticketing provision, so these must be purchased on the train or in advance of travel. There are waiting shelters on both platforms - the one on the southbound side is of brick construction and uses a design unique to this particular route. The only other amenities provided are CIS displays and timetable poster boards on each side and a bike stand on platform 1 (the former building on the northbound side was demolished after the station became unstaffed in 1969). No step-free access is available to either platform.

Services
The basic off-peak service consists of one train per hour to  (for connections to  and  via the Wirral Line), and one to . In the evenings and on bank holidays, this drops to one every second hour. There is a train every 90 minutes in each direction on Sundays.

Gallery

References

Sources

External links

Railway stations in Flintshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Great Central Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1872
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
FTF – Confederation of Professionals in Denmark

FTF – Confederation of Professionals in Denmark (Danish: FTF) was founded in 1952 and was one of the three national trade union centers, with about 80 Danish trade unions affiliated.

History
The FTF was founded in 1952.  At the time, the major Danish trade union centre was the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions (LO), which was affiliated to the Social Democratic Party.  Many clerical unions objected to this affiliation, and founded the FTF as an unaffiliated rival.  Over time, fierce rivalry with the LO turned to co-operation, and the federation also worked with the Danish Confederation of Professional Associations (AC).  By 2009, the FTF had a membership of 450,000.

From 2015, FTF engaged in negotiations with LO about a potential merger.  This occurred on 1 January 2019, and the LO became part of the new Danish Trade Union Confederation (FH).  However, the federation's largest affiliate, the Finance Federation, along with the Danish Physiotherapists, and the Association of Designers, voted against joining FH, and instead became independent.

The FTF was affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) and the Council of Nordic Trade Unions (NFS).

Membership
Members of the 86 trade unions of the FTF were typically employees with a higher education and an academic degree (e.g. a bachelor's degree or a master's degree) or a first professional degree. Some members didn't have a higher education but a vocational education ("white-collar workers"). A typical FTF-member occupies a middle or upper middle position in society as regards salary and pension benefits. Many FTF-members were leaders.

FTF-members were e.g. pharmaconomists, journalists, medical laboratory scientists, teachers, bank employees, physical therapists, businesspersons, actors, dental hygienists, police officers, podiatrists, engineers, nurses, stage directors, social workers, radiographers etc.

Affiliates

Presidents
1970: Jens Christensen
1977: Kirsten Stallknecht
1984: Martin Rømer
1988: Anker Christoffersen
2003: Bente Sorgenfrey

External links
FTF's Official Website (in Danish)
FTF's Official Website (in English)

References

 
International Trade Union Confederation
European Trade Union Confederation
Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD
Council of Nordic Trade Unions
Trade unions established in 1952
Trade unions disestablished in 2018
Acephala group

The acephala group refers to any type of Brassica which grows without the central 'head' typical of many varieties of cabbage. These are included within the species Brassica oleracea, such as kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). The name literally means "without a head" in contrast to those varieties known as capitata or "with a head". This group includes a number of species, both wild and cultivated, many of which are grown for their edible leaves and flowers.

Groups of cultivars

Different sources break down the Brassica genus into different grouping as shown below:

Mabberley
Mabberley (q.v.) has these groups: Napobrassica Group / Pabularia Group / Acephala Group / Alboglabra Group / Botrytis Group / Capitata Group / Gemmifera Group / Gongylodes Group / Italica Group / Tronchuda Group / Chinensis Group / Japonica Group / Pekinensis Group / Perviridis Group /  Rapifera Group

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew has eight cultivar groups: Acephala Group (kale, borecole, collards) / Alboglabra Group (Chinese kale, Chinese broccoli, gai lan, kai lan) / Botrytis Group (broccoli, cauliflower, broccoflower, calabrese) / Capitata Group (cabbage, Savoy cabbage, red cabbage) / Gemmifera Group (sprouts, Brussels sprouts) / Gongylodes Group (kohlrabi, knol-kohl) / Italica Group (purple sprouting, sprouting broccoli) /  Tronchuda Group (Portuguese cabbage, seakale cabbage)

Members 
The Acephala group of cultivars or variety for the species Brassica oleracea includes:
 kale, or borecole, or colewort
 curly kale
 Tuscan kale (cavolo nero), also known as black kale, Lacinato kale, or palm tree kale
 American English collard greens, or collard
 U.K. English Spring greens (Brassica oleracea)
 decorative kale, ornamental kale, flowering kale, flowering cabbage, or ornamental cabbage
 Jersey cabbage, Brassica oleracea longata. The long woody stems are used for walking sticks and the foliage for cow-fodder.
 Scotch kale

Acephala means "no head" as the plants have leaves with no central head; the opposite arrangement of white cabbage, or Savoy cabbage. Each cultivar has a different genome owing to mutation, evolution, ecological niche, and intentional plant-breeding by humans. Mabberley (1997, p. 120) has the Acephala group in three sub-groups: kale, borecole, and collards.

References

External links

Brassica oleracea
Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul

Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul may refer to:

Africa
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Parakou, Borgou Department, Benin
 Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
 St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Americas
 Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral, Paramaribo, Suriname
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Indianapolis), Indiana, United States
 Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania, United States
 Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
 Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Washington, D.C., United States
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands)
 St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela

Asia
 Peter and Paul Cathedral Baoding, China
 St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral, Nagoya, Japan
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Ulaanbaatar), Mongolia
 Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Calbayog), Philippines
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Sorsogon), Philippines

Australia
 Ss Peter and Paul Cathedral, Port Pirie, South Australia
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Melbourne, Victoria

Europe 

 Peter and Paul Cathedral (Gomel), Belarus
 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Đakovo, Slavonia, Croatia
 Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, Brno, Czech Republic
 St Peter and St Paul's Cathedral, Tallinn, Estonia
 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
 Cathedrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Troyes, Champagne, France
 Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul, Dillingen, Germany
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary
 Cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Ennis, County Clare, Ireland
 Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Kaunas, Lithuania
 Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Šiauliai, Lithuania
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Gliwice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
 Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
 Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Constanța, Romania
 Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine
 Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lutsk, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine
 Cathedral Church of SS. Peter and Paul, Clifton, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
 Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Paul, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom

Russia
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia
 St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral, Saratov, Russia
 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Kazan), Tatarstan, Russia

See also
 St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (disambiguation)
 St. Peter's Cathedral (disambiguation)
 St. Paul's Cathedral (disambiguation)

Cathedral
Jambavan

Jambavan (), also known as Jambavanta (), is the king of the bears in Hindu texts.

He emerges out of the mouth of Brahma when the creator deity yawns. He assists the Rama avatar of Vishnu in his struggle against the rakshasa king Ravana. In the Ramayana, he helps Hanuman realise his potential, just before his famous leap over to the island of Lanka. Jambavan was present at the churning of the ocean, and is supposed to have circled Vamana 21 times in a single leap, when he was acquiring the three worlds from Mahabali.

Jambavan, together with Parashurama and Hanuman, is considered to be one of the few to have been present for both the Rama and the Krishna avataras. His daughter Jambavati was married to Krishna.

Nomenclature 

Jambavan is also known as:
 Jambavantan
 Jambavanta (জাম্বৱন্ত, Assamese (Axomiya))
 Jambavan(ಜಾಂಬವಂತ, Kannada script)
 Jamvanta Kannada script
 Jāmbubān ‍(জাম্বুবান, Bangla)
 Champu (Khmer)
 Jembawan (Javanese)
 Jambuwana (Malay)
 Jāmbabān (Odia)
 Jambuvaan ( Marathi)
 Jambavan (Malayalam)
 Jāmbavantudu (జాంబ వంతుడు, Telugu)
 Keeratuvan (Punjabi) 
 Zabaman (Burmese)
 Sambuvan (சாம்புவன், Tamil)
 Chomphuphan (ชมพูพาน, Thai)

Legends

Birth
In the beginning, when Brahma was sitting on the lotus from the navel of Vishnu, he started meditating and yawned, from which a bear was born, which later became Jambavan. It is said he was called Jambavan either because he was born on Jambudvipa, or because he was born while yawning. He was present at the time when Vishnu was fighting the Madhu and Kaitabha daityas. At the time of Ramayana, he was 6 manvantaras old.

Ramayana	
In the epic Ramayana, Jambavan helped Rama find his wife Sita and fight her abductor, Ravana. It is he who makes Hanuman realise his immense capabilities, and encourages him to fly across the ocean to search for Sita in Lanka.

Mahabharata	
In the Mahabharata, Jambavan had killed a lion, who had acquired a gem called syamantaka from Prasena, after killing him. Krishna was suspected of killing Prasena for the jewel, so he tracked Prasena's steps until he learned that he had been killed by a lion, who had been killed by a bear. Krishna tracked Jambavan to his cave, and a fight ensued. The combat between Krishna and Jambavan ensued for 27/28 days (per Bhagavata Purana) and 21 days (per Vishnu Purana), after which Jambavan began to grow tired. Realising who Krishna was, Jambavan submitted. He gave Krishna the gem, and also presented him his daughter Jambavati, who became one of Krishna's wives. The cave where Krishna and Jambuvant's fight ensured is located near Ranavav, Porabandar District of Gujarat.[8]

Temple 
The only temple of Jambuvanta is located at Jamkhed, in the Jalana district. His temple is in a cave on the hill north of Jamkhed. The temple is about 2 kilometres away from Jamkhed village.

See also 
 Vamana
 Sugriva
 Ramayana

References

External links
 Jambavanmotivating Hanuman for the task of leaping the ocean. in Valmiki Ramayana - Kishkindha Kanda in Prose Sarga 65 - Accessed August 14, 2006.
 Jambavan- A Rksha Warrior

 Characters in the Ramayana
Bear deities
 Characters_in_the_Bhagavata_Purana