alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Matias Masucci

Matias Masucci is an Italian-born American writer, independent filmmaker and actor. Masucci has been a proponent of digital independent cinema and self distribution since the early 2000s. His work includes the short film happiending (2008) the independent feature film Noise Matters (2013) and both fiction and non-fiction writings.

Life and career
Masucci was born in the city of Novara, in northern Italy, where he began his acting career in theater while in school. At age eighteen he relocated to Hollywood and later appeared in the television series CSI: NY (2004) and The Bold and the Beautiful (2005). His transition behind the camera began first as a screenwriter with the short film A Short One (2006) and later as a director with the mockumentary short Rotting Dancers (2007). Masucci has written, produced and directed several short films including the award-winning happiending (2008). His feature length directorial debut came with the film Noise Matters (2013) which premiered in London at the 20th edition of the Raindance Film Festival in 2012. He has cited among his cinematic influences the works of Luis Buñuel, Robert Bresson and Federico Fellini.

His literary works include short stories, screenplays, essays and articles, and have been featured in various digital and print publications. Masucci produces and distributes most of his work through his brand Independent Society.

Filmography

References

External links
 Independent Society
 

Living people
People from Novara
Italian film directors
Italian male film actors
Italian screenwriters
Italian male screenwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Merchant Marine Act of 1936

The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is a United States federal law. Its purpose is "to further the development and maintenance of an adequate and well-balanced American merchant marine, to promote the commerce of the United States, to aid in the national defense, to repeal certain former legislation, and for other purposes."

Specifically, it established the United States Maritime Commission, and required a United States Merchant Marine that:

 can carry all domestic water-borne commerce, 
 can carry a substantial portion of foreign commerce,
 can serve as a naval auxiliary in time of war or national emergency,
 is owned and operated under the U.S. flag by U.S. citizens "insofar as may be practicable,"
 is composed of the best-equipped, safest, and most suitable types of vessels,
 consists of vessels constructed in the United States, and
 consists of vessels manned with a trained and efficient citizen personnel.

The Act restricted the number of aliens allowed to work on passenger ships, requiring that, by 1938, 90 percent of the crew members were U.S. citizens.  Although about 4,000 Filipinos worked as merchant mariners on U.S. ships, most of these seamen were discharged in 1937 as a result of the law.  The Act also established federal subsidies for the construction and operation of merchant ships.  Two years after the Act was passed, the U.S. Merchant Marine Cadet Corps, the forerunner to the United States Merchant Marine Academy, was established.

U.S. Representative Schyler O. Bland of Virginia was known as the "father of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936."

References

Full text of the original Merchant Marine Act of 1936

External links
History of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
Information from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
“Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America’s Lifeline in War”, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan

1936 in American law
United States federal admiralty and maritime legislation
Nancy Dutiel

Nancy Dutiel is a model who was active in the 1970s and 1980s.  She is best known for having been a spokesmodel for the French cosmetics company Lancôme from April 1977 until the early 1980s for the U.S. market.  
 
Dutiel was born in Ohio in December 1952  to Glenn and Davida Dutiel and raised in Centerville, where she attended high school. She graduated from Centerville High School in 1971, having been a cheerleader and a coed drill team member.  After high school, Dutiel enrolled in Ohio State University to study biology and also considered learning how to teach the deaf.

After entering a pageant in nearby Kettering, however, Dutiel won a free charm school course that led her to travel to New York in October 1972, where she became a model with the Wilhelmina agency.  Dutiel stayed with Wilhelmina until 1975, when she switched to the Ford modeling agency.  In August 1976, Dutiel modeled in a test ad campaign for Lancôme and then went to Italy to do some more modeling work.  When she returned to the United States, she learned that Lancôme's French office responded positively to her test photos. Lancôme subsequently signed her to an exclusive contract, making her the company's U.S. spokesmodel.

"I always hoped for a cosmetic contract," Dutiel told the Dayton Daily News in 1980.  "The contract excludes you from doing product competition and guarantees you to work [eighteen days a year], though I almost work every day doing department store things and advertising."

Besides Lancôme, Dutiel also modeled for covers of Vogue, Modern Bride, Women Today, and the German magazine Brigitte.  Her career took her to Europe and Japan, and she also lived in Italy for a time.
  
Dutiel was replaced by Isabella Rossellini as Lancôme's spokesmodel at the end of 1982.  She made plans to continue her modeling career, including acting classes to be able to try out for speaking parts in commercials.

References

Living people
American female models
People from Ohio
Female models from Ohio
1952 births
21st-century American women
Common Jasmin Orange

Common Jasmine Orange () is the fifth studio album by Taiwanese singer Jay Chou, released on 3 August 2004 by Alfa Music.

The album was nominated for six Golden Melody Awards. The album won for an IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award for Best Selling Mandarin Album of the Year. According to IFPI, The album is also listed at number 43 of 2004's global best-selling albums.

The tracks, "Common Jasmine Orange", "Excuse", and "Wounds of War", are listed at number 1, number 10, and number 88 respectively on the 2004's Hit FM Top 100 Singles of the Year chart.

Track listing

Awards

Sales

See also
List of best-selling albums in China

References

External links
  Jay Chou discography@JVR Music

2004 albums
Jay Chou albums
Sony Music Taiwan albums
2003–04 ECHL season

The 2003–04 ECHL season was the 16th season of the ECHL. This was the first season that the league would be known as only the ECHL instead of East Coast Hockey League after the absorption of the former West Coast Hockey League teams. The Brabham Cup regular season champions were the San Diego Gulls and the Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Idaho Steelheads.

League changes
This season brought a major change in the ECHL as the Board of Governors approved membership applications from the Anchorage Aces, the Bakersfield Condors, the Fresno Falcons, the Idaho Steelheads, the Las Vegas Wranglers, the Long Beach Ice Dogs and the San Diego Gulls from the recently defunct West Coast Hockey League. In a change reflective of the nationwide presence, the East Coast Hockey League changed its name to simply ECHL on May 19, 2003.

During the 2003 off-season, the Richmond Renegades, Arkansas RiverBlades, Jackson Bandits, Baton Rouge Kingfish, and Lexington Men O' War all ceased operations.

In addition to the former WCHL teams, the league also added two reactivated franchises in the Gwinnett Gladiators (formerly the Mobile Mysticks) and Texas Wildcatters (formerly the Huntington Blizzard).

All-Star Game
The ECHL All-Star Game was held at Carver Arena in Peoria, Illinois, and was hosted by the Peoria Rivermen.  The Eastern Conference All-Stars defeated the Western Conference All-Stars 7–6, with Peoria's Randy Rowe named Most Valuable Player.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L= Losses; OTL = Overtime or Shootout losses; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = PointsGreen shade = Clinched playoff spot; Blue shade = Clinched division; (z) = Clinched home-ice advantage

Eastern Conference

Western Conference

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals allowed; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

Kelly Cup playoffs

Bracket

Eastern Conference

1st round

Division Semifinals

Division finals

Conference finals

Kelly Cup finals

ECHL awards

See also
 ECHL All-Star Game
 Kelly Cup

References

External links
ECHL website

 
ECHL seasons
3
Mars Loves Venus

Mars Loves Venus is the second full-length album by The Brunettes. It was released in 2004 on Lil' Chief Records.

Track listing
 "Mars Loves Venus" – 2:25
 "Loopy Loopy Love" – 2:44
 "Polyester Meets Acetate" – 3:56
 "Too Big for Gidget" – 3:18
 "Whale in the Sand" – 2:45
 "You Beautiful Militant" – 4:14
 "The Record Store" – 2:58
 "These Things Take Time" – 2:48
 "Best Friend Envy" – 3:12
 "No Regrets" – 2:08
 "Leonard Says" – 2:13
 "Your Heart Dies" – 3:22

Personnel
 Jonathan Bree — Vocals, Guitar, Banjo, Sitar, Synthesizer, Optigan, Drum Machine, Percussion
 Heather Mansfield — Vocals, Organs, Piano, Harmonica, Clarinet, Glockenspiel
 James Milne — Guitar, Bass, Backing vocals, Chamberlin, Vibraphone, Percussion
 Ryan McPhun — Drums, Percussion, Backing vocals

References

External links
Lil' Chief Records: The Brunettes
Lil' Chief Records
The Brunettes on MySpace

2005 albums
The Brunettes albums
Lil' Chief Records albums
Holden Captiva

The Holden Captiva is a crossover SUV that was produced from 2006 to 2018 by GM Korea (previously known as Daewoo). The car was sold in Australia and New Zealand under the Holden brand and derives from either the Chevrolet Captiva or Opel Antara, depending on the variant and year.

The Holden Captiva range comprised two similar vehicles, the Captiva (known elsewhere as the Chevrolet Captiva) and the range topping Captiva MaXX (based on the Opel Antara). Sales commenced in October 2006. Holden discontinued the Captiva MaXX in 2008, only to revive it in 2009 as the entry level Captiva 5, with the new suffix denoting its five seat layout. 

From this point onwards, the regular Captiva became seven seat only offering and adopted the name Captiva 7.

In the beginning of 2016, Holden discontinued the Captiva 5 variant. At this time the facelift of the Captiva 7 launched, with Holden dropping the numerical suffix (thus reverting to the Captiva name) and resuming availability of the five person seating layout (with seven seats optional). For the final update for the model year of 2018, Holden again discontinued the five seat variant due to the launch of the Holden Equinox.

Successor 
Holden announced in July 2017 that by the end of 2018, the Captiva would be discontinued in Australia and New Zealand, being replaced by two new models, these being the Equinox and Acadia. The Equinox officially arrived in November 2017, replacing the five seat variant. Meanwhile, the Acadia went on sale in Australia on 12 November 2018, taking the place of the seven seat Captiva and bringing an end to the nameplate Captiva in both Australia and New Zealand. 

General Motors officially ended global production on the first generation Captiva in September 2018, as it was being replaced with by the Equinox and Acadia for Oceania.

References 

Captiva
Crossover sport utility vehicles
Cars introduced in 2006
Curry Mulholland

Curry Mulholland (died 2002) was a Northern Irish footballer, and former leading goalscorer for Crusaders F.C. with 149 goals, a record that stood for almost 40 years, until Glenn Hunter passed it in 1997. In 2003, in honour of his contribution to Crusaders, the Curry Mulholland Memorial Trophy was introduced, and is awarded annually to the top scorer in the U16 squad.

Curry was nominated and admitted to Crusaders' Hall of fame on 22 September 2007.

References

2002 deaths
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Crusaders F.C. players
Year of birth missing
Men's association football forwards
BancFirst Tower

BancFirst Tower, is a signature office skyscraper in Oklahoma City's central business district. Previously known as Liberty Tower (the name it had upon completion), Bank One Tower then Chase Tower (BankOne later merging into JP Morgan, Chase), and most recently Cotter Ranch Tower/Cotter Tower, after real estate holdings owner James Cotter of San Antonio, Texas. 

At 152.4 meters (500 feet), it is the second tallest building in the city and the sixth tallest in the state of Oklahoma.

History
Located at 100 North Broadway Avenue, the 36-floor skyscraper was completed in 1971 for Liberty National Bank and Trust Company, once one of Oklahoma City's largest banks. Liberty Bank was purchased by Bank One in 1997. After the bank's acquisition by Bank One, the tower displayed the Bank One logo. Today the tower presently displays the Chase logo as the bank holds an agreement to lease signage rights on the building.

The anchor of the USS Oklahoma, salvaged after the battleship was sunk at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was located on the Park Avenue median between Chase Tower and the Skirvin Hilton Hotel until it was moved to its current location at 12th Street and Broadway. The USS Oklahoma was second in casualties only to the USS Arizona on the day of the attack.

7,437 interior lighting fixtures were upgraded in May 2001. The tower was acquired by Cotter Ranch Properties in 2004.

In 2016, Tyler Toney of Dude Perfect set the Guinness World Record for the world's highest basketball shot from the roof of the tower.

Architecture

Tenants
 Anadarko Minerals, Inc. (AMI)
 Anderson McCoy & Orta Attorneys at Law
 BancFirst Headquarters
 Business Aircraft Title International, Inc. (BATI)
 Fellers Snider Attorneys at Law
 Globe Life Insurance
 Hall Estill Attorneys at Law
 Mesa Natural Gas Solutions
 JPMorgan Chase Financial Services
 Morgan Stanley Financial Services
 National Aircraft Finance Association (NAFA)

In addition to hosting other prominent Oklahoma City businesses, the building is home to The Petroleum Club of Oklahoma City, which hosts meetings of Rotary Club Chapter 29, the fourth largest private club in the world.

A transmission tower on the roof offers Sprint Broadband Direct fixed wireless internet service to customers within a 35-mile radius of the tower.  Sprint Broadband Direct stopped accepting new customers in Oklahoma City in 2001, before briefly starting again in 2005.  Sprint officially terminated services on June 30, 2008.

Gallery

See also
List of tallest buildings in Oklahoma City

References

External links

Petroleum Club website

Office buildings completed in 1971
Buildings and structures in Oklahoma City
Skyscraper office buildings in Oklahoma City
1971 establishments in Oklahoma
Dakota Dunes, South Dakota

Dakota Dunes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP), master-planned residential and commercial development covering about  in Union County in the extreme southeast corner of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The population was 4,020 at the 2020 census.

Demographics

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,020 people.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,540 people.

Overview
The development is sandwiched between the Big Sioux River and the Missouri River. The nearest incorporated municipality is North Sioux City, South Dakota, with which Dakota Dunes shares the zip code 57049. Dakota Dunes is about five miles (8 km) west of downtown Sioux City, Iowa.
As of March 31, 2013, its population stood at 2,688.
Law enforcement is provided by the Union County Sheriff.

Dakota Dunes has five main neighborhoods including the Country Club Estates, the Meadows, the Prairie, the Willows, and Upscale Apartment Living.

Dakota Dunes is owned and developed by Berkshire Hathaway Energy of Des Moines, Iowa, which unveiled plans for the community in 1988. The development is home to Dakota Dunes Country Club, a golf course designed by Arnold Palmer's design company.  Two Rivers Golf Club, which existed as the Sioux City Boat Club prior to the existence of Dakota Dunes, is also nearby. KMEG-14/KPTH Fox-44 studios are also within the vicinity.

In 2011 and 2019, historic flooding along the Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers threatened the town.

References

External links
 Dakota Dunes website

Unincorporated communities in South Dakota
Unincorporated communities in Union County, South Dakota
Ambiguity effect

The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision making is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown. The effect was first described by Daniel Ellsberg in 1961.

Example 
As an example, consider a bucket containing 30 balls. The balls are either red, black or white. Ten of the balls are red, and the remaining 20 are either black or white, with all combinations of black and white being equally likely. In option X, drawing a red ball wins a person $100, and in option Y, drawing a black ball wins them $100. The probability of picking a winning ball is the same for both options X and Y. In option X, the probability of selecting a winning ball is 1 in 3 (10 red balls out of 30 total balls). In option Y, despite the fact that the number of black balls is uncertain, the probability of selecting a winning ball is also 1 in 3. This is because the number of black balls is equally distributed among all possibilities between 0 and 20. The difference between the two options is that in option X, the probability of a favorable outcome is known, but in option Y, the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown ("ambiguous").

In spite of the equal probability of a favorable outcome, people have a greater tendency to select a ball under option X, where the probability of selecting a winning ball is perceived to be more certain. The uncertainty as to the number of black balls means that option Y tends to be viewed less favorably. Despite the fact that there could possibly be twice as many black balls as red balls, people tend not to want to take the opposing risk that there may be fewer than 10 black balls. The "ambiguity" behind option Y means that people tend to favor option X, even when the probability is the same.

Explanation 
One possible explanation of the effect is that people have a rule of thumb (heuristic) to avoid options where information is missing. This will often lead them to seek out the missing information. In many cases, though, the information cannot be obtained. The effect is often the result of calling some particular missing piece of information to the person's attention.

See also
 Ambiguity aversion
 Black swan theory
 Choice under uncertainty
 Ellsberg paradox
 Prospect theory
 Risk aversion

References

Cognitive biases
Peel (fruit)

Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness.

A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium.  In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called albedo or, among non-botanists, pith) is peeled off together with the outer layer (called flavedo), and together they are called the peel. The flavedo and albedo, respectively, are the exocarp and the mesocarp. The juicy layer inside the peel (containing the seeds) is the  endocarp.

Uses
Depending on the thickness and taste, fruit peel is sometimes eaten as part of the fruit, such as with apples. In some cases the peel is unpleasant or inedible, in which case it is removed and discarded, such as with bananas or grapefruits.

The peel of some fruits — for example, pomegranates — is high in tannins and other polyphenols, and is employed in the production of dyes.

The peel of citrus fruits is bitter and generally not eaten raw, but may be used in cooking. In gastronomy, the outermost, colored part of the peel is called the zest, which can be scraped off and used for its tangy flavor. A large piece of citrus peel, called a "twist", is often used to garnish cocktails. The fleshy white part of the peel, bitter when raw in most species, is used as succade or is prepared with sugar to make marmalade or fruit soup. The peel can also be candied, or dried to produce a seasoning (e.g. chenpi).

Nutrition
In a 100 gram reference amount, raw orange peel supplies 97 calories, with dietary fiber and vitamin C in rich content having 42% and 227% of the Daily Value (DV), respectively. Calcium content is 16% of the DV, with no other micronutrients in significant amounts. A  serving of raw orange peel provides 63% DV for vitamin C and 12% DV for dietary fiber.

See also
 Banana peel
 Biorefinery: conversion of citrus peel to succinic acid
 Fruit anatomy, describing the botanical terms of fruit and skin layers
 Peeler
 Zest (ingredient)

References 

Fruit
North Hills Country Club

North Hills Country Club is a country club which was relocated in the 1960s to North Hills, New York, United States. The club was founded in 1927 at the current location of Douglaston Park.

The golf course in North Hills was designed by Robert Trent Jones in 1961.

References

External links
 

North Hills, New York
Golf clubs and courses in New York (state)
Clubs and societies in the United States
Sports venues completed in 1927
Sports venues in Long Island
Golf clubs and courses designed by Robert Trent Jones
Town of North Hempstead, New York
Sports venues in Nassau County, New York
1927 establishments in New York (state)
Clifford C. Wendehack

Clifford Charles Wendehack was an American architect noted for the design of clubhouses at country clubs.

Wendehack was most active during the 1920s. He designed the clubhouse at Winged Foot, opting to use stone to, in his words, "convey the spirit of the organization it is designed to house." He also designed the clubhouses at North Jersey Country Club, Mountain Ridge Country Club, Bethpage, Norwood, Ridgewood, Forsgate, Douglaston Park (for North Hills Country Club), The Park Country Club, The Pennhills Club (Bradford, PA), The Caracas Country Club, and Hackensack Golf Club, Oradell, NJ.

Wendehack's influence in the design of clubhouses was enhanced by his publications.  He was a key contributor to the March 1925 edition of Architectural Forum magazine, the Golf and Country Club Reference Number.  This extensive review of the planning and design of clubhouses included an article by Wendehack 'Developing the Country Club Plan' which gives a strong insight into his planning and design philosophy.  The issue is illustrated with extensive examples of clubhouse architecture and interior design, including a number of Wendehack's projects.

Wendehack expanded on this in his 1929 work 'Golf and Country Clubs', a detailed hardcover publication illustrated with 55 clubhouse designs.  This was the most comprehensive work on clubhouses until Richard Diedrich's 2008 'The Ninenteenth Hole', a work which extensively references Wendehack's writings.  This was followed up in March 1930 with an important contribution to another Architectural Forum Reference Number on Clubhouses, 'The Architect and the Building Committee'.

Wendehack also designed the Fleetwood Hills Apartments in Bronxville, New York. Floorplans for some of the units are on page 734  in the March, 1927 issue of The Architect.

References

American architects
Violin Concerto No. 3 (Paganini)

The Violin Concerto No. 3 in E major was composed by Niccolò Paganini in 1826. On 12 December 1826, Paganini wrote from Naples to his friend L. G. Germi that, having recently completed his Second Violin Concerto, he had now "finished orchestrating a third with a Polacca", and added: "I would like to try these concertos out on my own countrymen before producing them in Vienna, London and Paris." In the event, the Third Violin Concerto does not seem to have been premiered until July 1828 in Vienna. After Paganini's death in 1840, it was not performed again for more than a century, until it was rediscovered in the late 1960s and first recorded and publicly performed by Henryk Szeryng in 1971.

Structure 
The concerto is in three movements:

External links 
 

3
1826 compositions
Compositions in E major
Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport

Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport (, ), also known as Ohrid Airport (), is an international airport in Ohrid, North Macedonia. The airport is located  northwest from Ohrid. The main purpose of St. Paul the Apostle Airport is to serve as a second airport in North Macedonia and alternative to Skopje International Airport and cater to flights bringing in tourists destined for Ohrid.

History
The last runway reconstruction was performed in 2004, when a lighting system, a first category with simple approach lights, was installed. Other features enable takeoff, landing and maneuvering with different types of aircraft.

In 2008, the Macedonian Government signed a contract with the Turkish company Tepe Akfen Ventures (TAV) for a twenty-year-long concession during which this company would manage Macedonia's two existing airports in Ohrid and Skopje. Ohrid airport saw its terminal building and VIP sections modernized.

Facilities
The airport can accommodate small to medium-sized aircraft. The apron can park up to 9 aircraft and the terminal is equipped to handle up to 400,000 passengers annually. Among other amenities the terminal building encompasses an information desk, a restaurant, a duty-free shop, and a VIP lounge.

There is no arrivals lounge. The local public await the passengers outside the building.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport:

Statistics

The number of passengers at the airport is shown in the next table:

Ground transportation

There are currently no buses linking the airport with Ohrid city centre. The normal taxi fare for the 9-km ride is 12 euros or 730 denars.

Incidents and accidents

 On 20 November 1993, Avioimpex Flight 110, a Yak 42D crashed near the airport. The aircraft was on a flight from Geneva, Switzerland to Skopje, but had been diverted to Ohrid due to poor weather conditions. All eight crew members and 116 passengers died as a result of the accident. 115 died at the scene, the final victim died from injuries in hospital eleven days later.

References

External links
 Ohrid Airport Homepage

Airports in North Macedonia
Debarca Municipality
Ohrid
Punjab Agricultural University

Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) is a public funded agricultural university presently headed by Dr. Satbir Singh Gosal (SS Gosal), located in Ludhiana district of Punjab. It is a state agricultural university in India. It was established in 1962 and is the nation's third-oldest agricultural university, after Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar and Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar. It was formally
inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, on July 8, 1962. PAU pioneered the Green Revolution in India in the 1960s. It was bifurcated in 2005 with the formation of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU). The Farmers Fair, which have been organised by the PAU since 1967, see the footfall of at least one lakh farmers in two days on PAU campus in Ludhiana, Punjab (bi-annually in March and September). The farmers from not only Punjab, but also from neighboring states such as Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, etcetera travel to PAU campus to buy high-quality seeds, farm equipment and gain knowledge on new agricultural technologies in the two-day main fair event.

History

The university was established in 1962 to serve the state of erstwhile Punjab and was inaugurated by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Prime Minister of India on July 8, 1963.

Sports 

Punjab Agricultural University Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in the campus. The stadium has facilities for cricket, football, hockey, and other sports. There is an astroturf field for hockey. In addition to this there is a swimming pool and a velodrome.

There are facilities for indoor sports such as basketball, badminton, gymnastics, handball, volleyball, lawn tennis, table tennis, weight lifting and Kabbadi etc. The Ground has also hosted 10 Ranji including a final in 1993 where Punjab defeated Maharashtra to win their only Ranji Trophy title and one Irani Trophy matches from 1987 to 1999 and 10 List A matches.

Notable alumni 

 Deep Saini
 Jaswinder Bhalla
 Gurbhajan Gill

 Gurmant Grewal
 Baldev Singh Dhillon
 Adesh Kanwarjit Singh Brar
Satbir Singh Gosal

 Khem Singh Gill

References

External links

 
Universities in Punjab, India
Education in Ludhiana
Science and technology in Ludhiana
1962 establishments in East Punjab
Universities and colleges established in 1962
Vanadocene dichloride

Vanadocene dichloride is an organometallic complex with formula (η5-C5H5)2VCl2 (commonly abbreviated as Cp2VCl2). It is a structural analogue of titanocene dichloride but with vanadium(IV) instead of titanium(IV). This compound has one unpaired electron, hence Cp2VCl2 is paramagnetic. Vanadocene dichloride is a suitable precursor for variety of bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(IV) compounds.

Preparation
Cp2VCl2 was first prepared by Wilkinson and Birmingham via the reaction of NaC5H5 and VCl4 in THF.

Reactions and use
The compound has been used in organic synthesis.

Reduction of vanadocene dichloride gives vanadocene, (C5H5)2V.

Like titanocene dichloride, this organovanadium compound was investigated as a potential anticancer drug.  It was conjectured to function by interactions with the protein transferrin.

References

Metal halides
Metallocenes
Organovanadium compounds
Chloro complexes
Cyclopentadienyl complexes
Soni

Soni may refer to:

Places
 Soni, Maharashtra, a village in India
 Soni, Nara, a village in Japan
 Soni Falls, Tanzania

People
 Soni (name)
 Soni (caste), a Hindu caste of goldsmiths and jewellers
 Soni (Khatri), a clan of the Khatri caste found in north India
 Soni (Maheshwari), a clan of the Maheshwari Marwadi caste in India

Other
 Soni (film), a 2018 Indian Hindi-language thriller film
 Sohni, a component of Hindustani classical music

See also
 Sony, Japanese conglomerate 
 Sohni Mahiwal (disambiguation)
Density contrast

Density contrast is a parameter used in galaxy formation to indicate where there are local enhancements in matter density.  

It is believed that after inflation, although the universe was mostly uniform, some regions were slightly denser than others with contrast densities on the order of 1 trillionth.  As the horizon distance expanded, the enclosed causally connected (i.e. gravitationally connected) masses increased until they reached the Jeans mass and began to collapse, which allowed galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, and filaments to form.

References

Physical cosmology
Inflation (cosmology)
Area code 936

North American area code 936 is a state of Texas telephone area code for numbers in the Nacogdoches-Huntsville area, as well as a few outer portions of the Houston metropolitan area.  It was created February 19, 2000, in a code-split from area code 409. It primarily serves the Deep East Texas area.

Counties served by this area code:
Angelina, Brazos, Cherokee, Grimes, Hardin, Harris, Houston, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Montgomery, Nacogdoches, Polk, San Augustine, San Jacinto, Shelby, Trinity, Tyler, Walker, Waller, and Washington

Towns and cities served by this area code:
Ace, Alto, Ames, Anderson, Apple Springs, Batson, Bedias, Broaddus, Camden, Center, Centralia, Chester, Chireno, Coldspring, Conroe, Corrigan, Crockett, Cushing, Cut and Shoot, Daisetta, Dallardsville, Dayton, Dayton Lakes, Devers, Diboll, Dobbin, Dodge, Douglass, Etoile, Flynn, Garrison, Goodrich, Grapeland, Groveton, Hardin, Hockley, Hull, Huntington, Huntsville, Iola, Joaquin, Kenefick, Kennard, Latexo, Leggett, Liberty, Livingston, Lovelady, Lufkin, Madisonville, Martinsville, Montgomery, Moscow, Nacogdoches, Navasota, New Waverly, Normangee, North Zulch, Oakhurst, Onalaska, Panorama Village, Pennington, Plantersville, Point Blank, Pollok, Prairie View, Ratcliff, Raywood, Reklaw, Richards, Riverside, Roans Prairie, Sacul, San Augustine, Saratoga, Seven Oaks, Shelbyville, Shepherd, Shiro, Tenaha, The Woodlands, Thicket, Timpson, Todd Mission, Trinity, Votaw, Waller, Washington, Wells, Willis, Woden, Woodlake, and Zavalla

See also
List of Texas area codes

 List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 936 Area Code

936
936
Colin Falls

Colin Falls (born June 9, 1985) is an American basketball player who spent the 2007–08 season with Orlandina Basket of Italy. A 6'5" (196 cm) shooting guard born in Park Ridge, Illinois, Falls starred at Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois and played four seasons for the University of Notre Dame, where he became the first player in school history to make more than 100 three-point field goals in a single season.

Notes

1985 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in the Czech Republic
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Illinois
Irish men's basketball players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Park Ridge, Illinois
Ashworth's rustic

Ashworth's rustic (Xestia ashworthii) is a species of moth.  Its colouring is blue/grey and it is mainly nocturnal.

Life cycle
There is one generation in Britain from mid June to August. They are in their larval stage from August to late May of June the next year, feeding mainly by night, but sometimes basking by day in the spring. There are many larval foodplants, usually low growing plants, including common rock-rose, wild thyme, sheep's sorrel, harebell, salad burnet, bell heather, goldenrod, lady's bedstraw, creeping willow and foxglove. It pupates in a flimsy cocoon under moss, among rocks or just below ground.

Subspecies
Xestia ashworthii ashworthii has a wingspan of 35–40 mm (mountainous areas of Wales)
Xestia ashworthii candelarum (Staudinger 1871) (central Europe from the Pyrenees to the Alps, east to Siberia and Tibet)
Xestia ashworthii lactescens (Turati 1919) has a wingspan of 42–46 mm (central Italy)
Xestia ashworthii jotunensis (Schoyen 1887) (Fennoscandia and the Baltic region)

References

External links
 Biodiversity of Snowdonia National Park

Xestia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1855
J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography

J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, written by Humphrey Carpenter, was first published in 1977. It is called the "authorized biography" of J. R. R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. It was first published in London by George Allen & Unwin, then in the United States by Houghton Mifflin Company. It has been reprinted many times since.

Reception

The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey writes that even though the biography came out before most of the posthumous publications edited by Christopher Tolkien, "it has worn very well," telling of Tolkien's "sad and traumatic youth" and providing good coverage of his dealings with C. S. Lewis and his publishers. August J. Fry reviewed the book for Christianity & Literature, and Anthea Lawson reviewed it for The Observer in 2002.

Charles E. Lloyd reviewed the book for the Sewanee Review in 1978, writing that Carpenter "reveals an affecting remarkable life without interposing between reader and subject personal predilections or self-advertisement." Lloyd states that the effect is to present Tolkien as a "very ordinary, even obscure, professor." He cites, too, Carpenter's mention that Tolkien "disapproved of biography as an aid to literary appreciation," agreeing that this may have been correct, with the two famous works telling what readers most need to know about Tolkien, but adding that it is helpful to know that Tolkien liked ordinary working men, like the batmen who served officers in the First World War trenches. Lloyd finds Carpenter's account of Tolkien's youth "gripping and astounding", and extremely good on his friendships and Catholicism.

References

External links 
 Editions of J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography available on the Internet Archive

Tolkien studies
1977 books
British biographies
Allen & Unwin books
Cedar Crest Park

Cedar Crest Golf Course, formerly Cedar Crest Country Club, is a public golf course in the southern United States, located in Dallas, Texas. South of downtown in the Cedar Crest neighborhood, the course was designed by A. W. Tillinghast and was the site of the tenth PGA Championship in 1927, won by Walter Hagen in early November. It was his fourth consecutive PGA title and fifth overall, the ninth of his eleven major championships. Cedar Crest also hosted the Dallas Open in 1926, won by Macdonald Smith in late January.

Established in 1916 and opened  in 1919, the course is where a young Harry Cooper  honed his skills. The country club was closed in 1929, changed ownership, and then was purchased by the city in 1946. It hosted the United Golf Association Negro National Open in 1954, and the USGA's Public Links later that year.

A new $2 million clubhouse was built in 2001. In 2004,the course was renovated in by D. A. Weibring and Steve Wolfard.

From the back tees, it plays as a par-70 at , with a course rating of 73.2 and a slope rating of 131.

References

External links

Divots Throughout Dallas – Cedar Crest Golf Course
Texas Golf On – Cedar Crest Golf Course
Fore Linksters – Cedar Crest Golf
Golf clubs and courses in Texas
Golf clubs and courses designed by A. W. Tillinghast
Sports venues in Dallas
Israelite highland settlement

Israelite highland settlement refers to an ancient Israelite settlement in the highlands north of Jerusalem discovered in archaeological field surveys conducted in Israel since the 1970s.

These surveys found a large increase in the settled population dating to 1200 BCE. It is not known whether the Israelites arrived in the wake of conquests or the new villages were established by former nomads or displaced persons. A similar increase was not found in the surrounding lowland areas. According to archaeological evidence, these areas may have been inhabited by Canaanites or Sea People.

A 2005 book by Robert D. Miller  applies statistical modeling to the sizes and locations of the villages, grouping them by economic and political features.  He found highland groupings centered on Dothan, Tirzah, Shechem, and Shiloh. The tribal territory of Benjamin was not organized around any main town.

This evidence does not prove there was a conquest as described in the Book of Joshua, but if the biblical reference to "daughter villages" means all villages closest to a specific town, the list of Canaanite towns not taken in the Book of Judges (), which begins: "Nor did Manesseh drive out Bet Shean and her daughter-villages ...", the correspondence to the survey results is remarkably accurate. Towns not captured in the central zone were Taanach, Ibleam, Megiddo, Dor, Gezer, Aijalon, Shaalbim, and Jerusalem.

See also
 Archaeology of Israel
 Biblical archaeology
 Judaean Mountains
 List of Biblical names

Bibliography

1970s archaeological discoveries

Ancient Israel and Judah
Biblical archaeology
Hebrew Bible mountains
Israelites
Dave Hutchison (ice hockey)

David Joseph Hutchison (born May 2, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the World Hockey Association from 1972 to 1974 and the National Hockey League from 1974 to 1984.

Playing career
Hutchison played for the Philadelphia Blazers and Vancouver Blazers of the World Hockey Association and the Los Angeles Kings, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. In 681 career professional games, he logged 1735 penalty minutes and 131 points, and often played in a defensive tandem with Börje Salming and Doug Wilson. He retired in 1984.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links
 

1952 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
London Knights players
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
New Jersey Devils players
Philadelphia Blazers players
Rhode Island Eagles players
Ice hockey people from London, Ontario
Ice hockey people from Montreal
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vancouver Blazers players
Wichita Wind players
Vanadium tetrachloride

Vanadium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl4.  This reddish-brown liquid serves as a useful reagent for the preparation of other vanadium compounds.

Synthesis, bonding, basic properties
With one more valence electron than diamagnetic TiCl4, VCl4 is a paramagnetic liquid.  It is one of only a few paramagnetic compounds that is liquid at room temperature.

VCl4 is prepared by chlorination of vanadium metal. VCl5 does not form in this reaction; Cl2 lacks the oxidizing power to attack VCl4. VCl5 can however be prepared indirectly from VF5 at −78 °C.

Reactions
Consistent with its high oxidizing power, VCl4 reacts with HBr at -50 °C to produce VBr3.  The reaction proceeds via VBr4, which releases Br2 during warming to room temperature.
2 VCl4 + 8 HBr → 2 VBr3 + 8 HCl + Br2

VCl4 forms adducts with many donor ligands, for example, VCl4(THF)2.

It is the precursor to vanadocene dichloride.

Organic chemistry
In organic synthesis, VCl4 is used for the oxidative coupling of phenols.  For example, it converts phenol into a mixture of 4,4'-, 2,4'-, and 2,2'-biphenols: 
2 C6H5OH + 2 VCl4 → HOC6H4–C6H4OH  +  2 VCl3 + 2 HCl

Applications
VCl4 is a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes, especially those useful in the rubber industry.  The underlying technology is related to Ziegler–Natta catalysis, which involves the intermediacy of vanadium alkyls.

Safety considerations
VCl4 is a volatile, aggressive oxidant that readily hydrolyzes to release HCl.

References

Vanadium(IV) compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Reagents for organic chemistry
SMEDI

SMEDI (an acronym of stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility) is a reproductive disease of swine caused by Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine enterovirus.  The term SMEDI usually indicates Porcine enterovirus, but it also can indicate Porcine parvovirus, which is a more important cause of the syndrome.  SMEDI also causes abortion, neonatal death, and decreased male fertility.

From an economic standpoint SMEDI is an important disease because of the loss of productivity from fetal death in affected herds. Initial infection of a herd causes the greatest effect, but losses slow over time.  The disease is spread most commonly by ingestion of food and water contaminated with infected feces and occasionally through sexual contact and contact with aborted tissue.  A vaccine is available (ATCvet code: ).

Pathogenesis
This depends on the age of the animal affected and the efficiency of its immune system.
Colostral protection lasts up to 5 months of age, after which it decreases to an all-time low to increase yet again at about 12 months of age.

 Prenatal infection: virus travels from infected mother to fetus via the placenta. In this case, the time of gestation determines the result of the infection.
 If the fetus is infected in the first 30 days of fetal life, death and absorption of all, or some of the fetuses may occur. In this case, some immunotolerant healthy piglets may be born.
 If the infection happens at 40 days, death and mummification may occur. Also in this case, some or all the fetuses are involved, i.e. some of the fetuses can be born healthy and immunotolerant, or else carriers of the disease.
 If the viruses crosses the placenta in the last trimester, neonatal death may occur, or the birth of healthy piglets with a protective pre-colostral immunity.
 Postnatal infection (pigs up to 1 year of age): Infection occurs oro-nasally, followed by a viremic period associated with transitory leucopenia.
 Infection in adults (over 1 year of age): These subject would have an active, protective immune system which protects them from future exposures (e.g. mating with an infected male).

Therefore, it is important to note that the virus is particularly dangerous for the sow in her first gestation, which would be at 7–8 months of age, as she would have a particularly low antibody count at this age and could easily contract the virus via copulation.

Lesions
Histologically, the pregnant sow suffers lesions in the myometrium due to the infiltration of monocytes.
The fetus presents: retarded growth, congestion of superficial vessels which may be associated with hemorrhage and dehydration which results in mummification of the fetus.

References

External links

Swine diseases
Animal viral diseases
Pregnancy with abortive outcome
John Gould (ice hockey)

John Milton Gould (born April 11, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played 504 NHL games for the Buffalo Sabres, Vancouver Canucks, and Atlanta Flames between 1971 and 1980. He is the older brother of Larry Gould.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1947 births
Atlanta Flames players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Charlotte Checkers (EHL) players
Cincinnati Swords players
Ice hockey people from Simcoe County
Living people
London Knights players
London Nationals players
Rochester Americans players
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players
People from New Tecumseth
Mahangaatuamatua

Mahanga-atua-matua is a canoe mentioned in a letter by Uma-kau-oho-mata-kamokamo, a Māori chief from the Tauranga district, New Zealand, quoted in White (1887-1891). Claiming that this canoe did not bring any food plants to New Zealand because it was too sacred to carry such items, and was manned by priests and chiefs, Uma-kau-oho-mata-kamokamo said that Mahanga-atua-matua was the first canoe to land in New Zealand, and that he or his people still possessed (the traditions relating to) the priests who built the canoe and the adzes that they used.

References
E. R. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay), 1891, 20.
J. White, The Ancient History of the Maori, 7 Volumes (Government Printer: Wellington), 1887–1891, IV:23-24.

See also
List of Māori waka

Māori waka
Māori mythology
Swallow Falls State Park

Swallow Falls State Park is a public recreation area located on the west bank of the Youghiogheny River  northwest of Oakland in Garrett County, Maryland, in the United States. The state park features Maryland's highest free-falling waterfall, the  Muddy Creek Falls, as well as smaller waterfalls on the Youghiogheny River and Tolivar Creek. The park is notable for its stand of old hemlock trees, some more than 300 years old, "the last stand of its kind in Maryland."

History
The park had its beginnings in 1906 with the donation by John and Robert Garrett of Baltimore of  to be used as a state forest. The land now known as Garrett State Forest included the areas that became Swallow Falls and Herrington Manor state parks, both of which were developed in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Notable persons who have visited the area include Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, John Burroughs, and Harvey Firestone, who camped at Muddy Creek Falls in the summers of 1918 and 1921.

Activities and amenities
The park contains 65 campsites, a picnic area with a pavilion and playground, as well as a mile-long hiking trail through the old growth forest. A  trail for hiking and mountain biking connects the state park with Herrington Manor State Park.

References

External links

Swallow Falls State Park Maryland Department of Natural Resources

State parks of Maryland
State parks of the Appalachians
Parks in Garrett County, Maryland
Civilian Conservation Corps in Maryland
IUCN Category III