alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Convoluted tubule

Convoluted tubule is the compound of a metanephridium which is wrapped with capillaries. It is highly coiled so as to increase surface area for more effective reabsorption, which occurs in this part of the metanephridium.

References

Annelid anatomy
Gloria (Leon René song)

Most well known as a Doo Wop standard, "Gloria" is a song written by Leon René in the 1940s.

The original version of "Gloria" as written by Leon René was first recorded in 1946 as a pop tune, by bandleader Norman "Buddy" Baker with vocal by Bob Hayward, on René's  Exclusive label. It was next recorded by Johnny Moore's Three Blazers, with the vocal by Charles Brown, also on Exclusive, and released in April 1947.

The first version to reach the national charts (#17) was by The Mills Brothers (info taken from the Mills Brothers Wikipedia page).  It was recorded on September 22, 1948 and was given the Decca catalog number of 24509 (info taken from  the booklet of the Mills Brothers Anthology 2-CD set from Decca/MCA, released 1995). It has a bit of a cool-jazz feel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDM_uQ6P880

"Exclusive" debuts
René began his own record label, Exclusive Records, in 1945, and the song was first recorded and released on the label as catalog No. 218 in 1946 by the Buddy Baker Sextet, featuring Duke Ellington's former vocalist Bob Hayward.  The following year it was recorded by Ray Anthony, and also by Johnny Moore's Three Blazers (catalog No. 703),  another group on René's label, which featured vocalist Charles Brown.  In 1948 it received a notable resurgence in popularity as a single by The Mills Brothers.

The Cadillacs' version
In 1954, The Cadillacs recorded a revamped version of the song which became their debut record.  That initial record listed no writer credit, but later releases of The Cadillacs' recording—and several subsequent covers of the song by other artists—give sole writing credit to Esther Navarro; other mentions of the altered composition list Navarro as having revised René's song.  In fact, Navarro was actually the band's manager.  Though she received writing credit for many Cadillacs songs, Cadillacs lead singer Earl Carroll claims she never wrote (or re-wrote) the songs.

With over 30 groups performing it, "Gloria" is one of the most covered songs in doo-wop music history.  A version of the song was recorded in 1975 by jazz fusion group The Manhattan Transfer for their self-titled debut album, which led a revival of the doo-wop and jazz styles in popular music.  Other notable performances include The Modernaires,
The Passions, Vito & The Salutations, Earl Lewis and the Channels, Reminisce, Kenny Vance and The Planotones, The Legends of Doo Wop, The Savoys, and  Larry Chance and the Earls.

In Billy Joel's 1993 song "The River of Dreams," Joel sings The Cadillacs version of this song just before the fade-out.

References

1945 songs
Songs written by Leon René
Doo-wop songs
Patriarch Sergius I

Patriarch Sergius I may refer to:

 Sergius of Tella, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch in 544–546
 Sergius I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 610–638
 Sergius of Bulgaria, Patriarch of Bulgaria c. 931 – c. 940
 Patriarch Sergius of Moscow and All Russia, ruled in 1943–1944
Christl Cranz

Christl Franziska Antonia Cranz-Borchers (1 July 1914 – 28 September 2004) was a German alpine ski racer. Cranz dominated international competition in the 1930s, winning twelve world championship titles between 1934 and 1939. At the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, she won the combined competition (slalom and downhill).

Biography
Born in Brussels, Cranz was the older sister of Rudolf Cranz. After the break-out of World War I, Cranz and her family fled from Belgium to Traifelberg near Reutlingen, where Cranz learned to ski. Afterwards the family moved to Grindelwald and Freiburg.

Alongside her apprenticeship as trainer and philologist she started a successful ski racing career. In 1934, she won all titles at the German Championship. At the world championship in St. Moritz she won the slalom and the combined competition and was second in downhill (after Swiss Anny Rüegg). She won all titles at the world championships in 1937 (Chamonix) and 1939 (Zakopane). To this day, Cranz remains the most successful competitor at the World Championships, with twelve gold and three silver medals. In the 1930s, the championships were held annually.

At the 1936 Winter Olympics, Cranz won the newly established alpine combined competition in a spectacular race. After a crash in the downhill competition Cranz was 19 seconds behind Laila Schou Nilsen (Norway), but after two outstanding slalom races she won the combined ahead of  Käthe Grasegger (Germany) and Schou Nilsen.

At the 1941 World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Cranz won two additional titles and then retired. Taking place during World War II with only Germany-friendly athletes, the championship was not acknowledged by the International Ski Federation. After her active career, Cranz publicly donated her skis and equipment, meticulously exploited by the NS-propaganda, for the "Winterhilfswerk" to support the Nazi-German troops and aggression against the Soviet Union.

In 1943, Cranz married Adolf Borchers. After the end of the war she was arrested because of her collaboration with the Nazis and was forced to do farmwork for eleven months. Cranz fled into the American Occupation Zone in 1947. Later she founded a skiing school with her husband, which she led until 1987. Cranz was inducted into the Hall of Fame of International Women's Sports in New York.

References

External links

Christl Cranz, Alpine skiing’s first Olympic gold medallist at Olympic.org

Obituary

1914 births
2004 deaths
20th-century German people
German female alpine skiers
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic alpine skiers for Germany
Alpine skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
German expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Sportspeople from Brussels
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Medalists at the 1936 Winter Olympics
20th-century German women
Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Women's double National round

The women's double National round was one of three archery events on the archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on Friday, 17 July and Saturday, 18 July, with one round each day. The archers had to contend with significant rain and wind on the first day and gusts of wind on the second.

Great Britain was the only nation to enter female archers, ensuring that they swept this event. Queenie Newall, at 53 years of age, set a record for oldest female Olympic gold medalist. Lottie Dod took second place, not quite matching her brother William Dod's gold medal finish in the men's York round. Beatrice Hill-Lowe took bronze.

NOCs were limited to 30 competitors each. Twenty-five archers only from Great Britain competed.

Background
This was the second and final appearance of the event; it was previously held in 1904.

Alice Legh won 23 national championships from 1886 to 1922 and "almost certainly would have won" this event had she competed; she chose not to. Among the archers who did compete, Lottie Dod was the most accomplished sportswoman, though she was best known for playing tennis. Dod had retired from tennis in 1893 and had successful careers in field hockey and golf before turning to archery in the Olympics.

Competition format 
The archers shot a total of 144 arrows each over the two rounds of 72. Each round consisted of 48 arrows at 60 yards (54.8 m) and 24 arrows at 50 yards (45.7 m). Three arrows were shot per end. Each hit was worth 9, 7, 5, 3, or 1 points depending on which ring was hit; an arrow touching two rings would count as hitting the higher value. Ties were broken first by number of hits, then by score at the longest range (60 yards), then by hits at the longest range.

Schedule 
The double National round event was held on the first two days of the archery schedule, along with the men's double Yorkround.

Results
After the first day, the top two archers had separated from the rest. Dod and Newall had each hit 66 targets out of 72; Dod had a slight lead of 348 to 338. Newall was the best archer on day two, having the best round of the tournament with 350. Dod's second day was much worse, however, as she scored only 294 (the sixth-best score of the day). This gave Newall the gold medal, while Dod was able to hang on to second place. Hill-Lowe scored 343 on the second day, a vast improvement over her 275 first-day score and second-best behind Newall, to earn the bronze medal.

Aftermath
Newall would be defeated by Legh by 151 points the next week at the British national championships, though Newall would go on to win in 1911 and 1912.

Women's archery would not be held again until 1972. (Archery was not held in 1912, only men's events were held in 1920, and the sport was absent from the programme from 1924 to 1968.)

References

Sources
 Official Report of the Games of the IV Olympiad (1908).
 De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Archery 1908".  Accessed 8 April 2006. Available electronically at  .

Women's National round
1908 in women's sport
Arch
Occipitomastoid suture

The occipitomastoid suture or occipitotemporal suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture.

See also
 Jugular foramen

Additional images

References

External links

 
 
 

Bones of the head and neck
Cranial sutures
Human head and neck
Joints
Joints of the head and neck
Skeletal system
Skull
Roy Richard Grinker

Roy Richard Grinker (born 1961) is an American author and Professor of anthropology, international affairs, and human sciences at The George Washington University.

Grinker is an authority on North and South Korean relations. As part of his PhD research, he spent two years living with the Lese farmers and the Efé pygmies in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as a Fulbright scholar. He has also conducted epidemiological research on autism in Korea.

Grinker is also editor of Anthropological Quarterly. He has also written op-ed articles for the New York Times and appeared as a guest on PBS NewsHour.

His latest book, Nobody's Normal: How Culture Created the Stigma of Mental Illness, was included in the New York Time's editor's choice list for the week of February 4, 2021.

Publications
Grinker has published a number of books on multiple topics - Africa, Korea, and autism.
 Houses in the Rainforest: Ethnicity and Inequality among Farmers and Foragers in Northeastern Zaire (, University of California Press, 1994)
 (with Christopher B. Steiner) Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History and Representation (, Blackwell Publishers, 1997)
 Korea and its Futures: Unification and the Unfinished War (, St. Martin's Press, 1998)
 In the Arms of Africa: The Life of Colin Turnbull (, University of Chicago Press, 2000)
 Unstrange Minds: Remapping the World of Autism (, Basic Books, 2007)
 Nobody's Normal: How Culture Created the Stigma of Mental Illness (, Norton, 2021)

Personal life
Grinker was born and raised in Chicago. He graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall in 1979, Grinnell College in 1983, and received his Ph.D. in Social Anthropology at Harvard University in 1989.

His paternal grandfather, Roy R. Grinker, Sr. founded the Psychiatry Department at the University of Chicago and was the founding editor of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

His book on autism, Unstrange Minds, was in part an "attempt to make sense of an intensely personal issue: his own daughter's autism".

References

1961 births
Academic journal editors
American anthropologists
Autism researchers
Choate Rosemary Hall alumni
George Washington University faculty
Grinnell College alumni
Harvard University alumni
Living people
People from Chicago
Transgressions: Volume Two

Trangressions: Volume Two contains short stories by two modern writers, John Farris and Stephen King, edited by Ed McBain. The audiobook version, in the "Transgressions" series, is titled Terror's Echo.

Written by an author who some consider a modern master of horror fiction, King's "The Things They Left Behind" is the story of a man who didn't go to work on 9/11 and goes to work after the event, finding things his coworkers left behind.  Farris's "The Ransome Women" is a thriller about a mysterious painter and the fate of the woman he paints.

2006 short story collections
Bentonville Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Bentonville of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is shown separately.

Abbreviations used

Military rank
 Gen = General
 LTG = Lieutenant General
 MG = Major General
 BG = Brigadier General
 Col = Colonel
 Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
 Maj = Major
 Cpt = Captain
 Lt = Lieutenant

Other
 w = wounded
 mw = mortally wounded
 k = killed

Army of the South
Gen Joseph E. Johnston, commanding

Army of Tennessee
LTG Alexander P. Stewart

Lee's Corps
MG D. H. Hill

Stewart's Corps
MG William W. Loring (became ill March 20)

MG Edward C. Walthall

Cheatham's Corps
MG William B. Bate

Department of North Carolina
Gen Braxton Bragg

Department of South Carolina, Georgia, & Florida
LTG William J. Hardee

 Chief of Staff: Ltc T. Benton Roy
 Engineer: Ltc William D. Pickett

Cavalry Command
LTG Wade Hampton III

Wheeler's Cavalry Corps
MG Joseph Wheeler
(Army of Tennessee)

References

Sources
 Bentonville State Historic Site website
 Bradley, Mark L. Last Stand in the Carolinas: The Battle of Bentonville. Campbell, California: Savas Publishing Company, 1996. .
 Hughes, Jr., Nathaniel Cheairs  Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

American Civil War orders of battle
Battle of Bentonville
Glue logic

In electronics, glue logic is the custom logic circuitry used to interface a number of off-the-shelf integrated circuits. This is often achieved using common, inexpensive 7400- or 4000-series components. In more complex cases, a programmable logic device like a CPLD or FPGA might be used. The falling price of programmable logic devices, combined with their reduced size and power consumption compared to discrete components, is making them common even for simple systems. In addition, programmable logic can be used to hide the exact function of a circuit, in order to prevent a product from being cloned or counterfeited.

The software equivalent of glue logic is called glue code.

Usage
Typical functions of glue logic may include:
Simple logic functions.
Address decoding circuitry used with older processors like the MOS Technology 6502 or Zilog Z80 to divide up the processor's address space into RAM, ROM and I/O. Newer versions of these processors, such as the WDC 65816 or the Zilog eZ80, may add features that enable glueless interfacing to external devices.
Buffers to protect outputs from overload, or protect sensitive inputs from electrostatic discharge damage.
Voltage level conversion, e.g., when interfacing one logic family (CMOS) to another (TTL).

See also
 Glue code
 Reverse engineering

References

Electrical circuits
Romanisation of Malayalam

There are several romanisation schemes for the Malayalam script, including ITRANS and ISO 15919.

ASCII schemes
Typesetting Malayalam on computers became an issue with their spread in the late 20th century. The lack of diacritics on keyboards led to the adoption of ASCII only romanisation schemes. ASCII only schemes remain popular in email correspondence and input methods because of their ease of entry. These schemes are also called Manglish. The disadvantage of ASCII schemes is that letter case is meaningful, so that transliterated names may not be capitalised.

Mozhi
The Mozhi system of transliteration is an unofficial system used to transliterate Malayalam, it can also be used for Tamil. This system does not need the use of diacritics.
Even though it has more elaborate scheme,  Mozhi is as follows:

 aa i ii u uu R RR
 e  E  ai o O  au Ll Lll am aH
 
 k  kh  g gh ng
 ch chh j jh nj
 T  Th  D Dh N
 th thh d dh n
 p  ph  b bh m
 
 y  r   l v
 S  sh  s h
 L  zh  rr t

ITRANS 
ITRANS is an ASCII scheme which does not use diacritics for transliteration to Latin script.

National Library at Kolkata romanisation
The "National Library at Kolkata romanisation"  is one of the most widely used transliteration schemes in dictionaries and grammars of Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages including Malayalam. This transliteration scheme is also known as '(American) Library of Congress' scheme and is nearly identical to one of the possible ISO 15919 variants. The scheme is an extension of the IAST scheme that is used for transliteration of Sanskrit.

ISO 15919 

ISO 15919 "Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters" is one of a series of international standards for romanisation. It was published in 2001 and uses diacritics to map the much larger set of consonants and vowels in Brahmic scripts to the Latin script.

References

Malayalam script
Romanization
Artur Wojdat

Artur Wojdat (born 20 May 1968 in Olsztyn) is a former international swimmer from Poland, who won the bronze medal in the men's 400 metres freestyle at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He came to the 1988 Seoul Olympics as a world record holder in the 400 m freestyle event. In the final of the Olympics he beat his world record time but managed to only finish third behind Uwe Dassler and Duncan Armstrong.

See also
World record progression 400 metres freestyle

References
 

1968 births
Living people
Polish male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Poland
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Poland
Sportspeople from Olsztyn
World record setters in swimming
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Iowa Hawkeyes men's swimmers
University of Iowa alumni
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in swimming
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Poland
Universiade silver medalists for Poland
Medalists at the 1991 Summer Universiade
20th-century Polish sportsmen
Jim Allan

Jim Allan may refer to:
Jim Allan (curler), New Zealand and Australian curler
Jim Allan (singer), American singer ("Why Don't You Believe Me?")
Jim Allan (editor), Canadian editor (An Introduction To Elvish); see Languages of Arda

See also 
James Allan (disambiguation)
Jimmy Allan (disambiguation)
James Allen (disambiguation)
Natale Amprimo

Natale Juan Amprimo Pla is a Peruvian politician. He was a Member of Congress for the period 2001–2006.

He left We Are Peru, former Mayor of Lima Alberto Andrade's party, in 2004. He was Alianza para el Progreso's presidential candidate for the 2006 general election. He received 0.4% of the vote, coming in 10th place.

Biography 
He was born in Lima in 1965. Son of Orazio Amprimo and Estrella Pla.

He studied at the Colegio San Agustín in the city of Lima.

He entered the University of Lima where he studied Law and Political Science. In this house of studies he graduated as a Bachelor and obtained his law degree.

It has its own law firm; Among its outstanding clients are: the Archdiocese of Lima and Cementos Lima. In the same way, he was a lawyer and spokesman for the former mayor of Lima, Alberto Andrade.

References

External links 
Alianza para el Progreso's site

Living people
Alliance for Progress (Peru) politicians
Peruvian people of Italian descent
Candidates for President of Peru
We Are Peru politicians
Members of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
1965 births
Roger Staub

Roger Staub (1 July 1936 – 30 June 1974) was a Swiss alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist.

Born in Arosa, Graubünden, Staub won the giant slalom at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley and also won multiple medals at the 1958 World Championships. He finished fourth in the Olympic downhill in 1956 at age 19. He also won a number of Swiss national titles.

After a brief career as a professional racer in the early 1960s, Staub became ski school director at the fledgling Vail resort in Colorado. He also had a ski school in Arosa and sporting goods interests in Switzerland.

During a summer visit to Switzerland in 1974 with his wife and young child, Staub was killed in a ski gliding accident near Verbier on the eve of his 38th birthday.

World championship results 

From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.

Olympic results

Note

References

External links
 
 
 

1936 births
1974 deaths
Swiss male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Medalists at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1974
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Switzerland
Skiers from Graubünden
John Stirling (Scottish politician)

Sir John Stirling, KT, MBE, TD (16 September 1893 – 21 March 1975) was a Scottish soldier and politician.

The eldest son of William Stirling of Fairburn, he was educated at Harrow School and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He served with the Lovat Scouts from 1914 to 1935, and was awarded the MBE in 1919.

He was a Member of Ross and Cromarty County Council from 1919 to 1970, serving as Convener from 1935 to 1961. He was a Forestry Commissioner from 1948 to 1962, and Chairman of the commission's Scottish National Committee from 1950 to 1959.

He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1956 and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty from 1964 to 1968.

He married Marjorie Kythe Mackenzie, daughter of Sir Kenneth Mackenzie, 7th Baronet, by whom he had three daughters and two sons, his eldest son John Michael (1925–1940) predeceasing him. His second son, Sir Roderick Stirling, would himself later serve as Lord Lieutenant.

References

1893 births
1975 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Knights of the Thistle
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British Army personnel of World War I
Lovat Scouts officers
Lord-Lieutenants of Ross and Cromarty
John
Councillors in Highland (council area)
Petrosquamous suture

The petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. It forms the Koerner's septum. The petrous portion forms the medial component of the osseous margin, while the squama forms the lateral component.  The anterolateral portion (squama) arises from the mesenchyme at 8 weeks of embryogenesis while the petromastoid portion develops later from a cartilaginous center at 6 months of fetal development.

In certain people, it can contain an emissary vein, referred to as the petrosquamosal sinus. Being aware of this anatomic variant with preoperative CT scanning can be important to prevent bleeding in certain types of otolaryngological surgeries. Some authors have theorized that a persistent venous sinus reflects an arrest in embryologic development.

See also
 Petrotympanic fissure

References

External links
 Diagram

Bones of the head and neck
Rijkhoven

Rijkhoven is a village in the Bilzen municipality of the Limburg province in the Flemish Community of Belgium.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1076 as Rudenchoven. It used to be part of the County of Loon. In 1220 the chapel of Alden Biesen was given to the Teutonic Order who establish a commandery. In 1870, Rijkhoven became an independent municipality. In 1971, the municipality merged with Kleine- en Grote-Spouwen into Spouwen. In 1977, Spouwen merged into Bilzen.

The Alden Biesen Castle is located near the village, and was the commandery of the Teutonic Order. The current building has been constructed between the mid-16th century and the late 18th century.

Notable people
Johan Capiot (1964), road racing cyclist.
Steve Stevaert (1954–2015), former Governor of Limburg.

References

External links

Bilzen
Populated places in Limburg (Belgium)
Former municipalities of Limburg (Belgium)
Georgi Pirinski Jr.

Georgi Pirinski () (born 10 September 1948) is a Bulgarian politician of the Bulgarian Communist Party and after 1990 of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). He was a member of seven National Parliaments (1994 – 1997) and was the Chairman of the National Assembly of Bulgaria from 2005 to 2009. Member of the European Parliament between 2014 and 2019.

Biography
Born in New York City, U.S. in the emigrant family of Communist functionary Georgi Pirinski Sr., he has roots from Pirin Macedonia. His mother Pauline was born in New York City and was a member of the Young Communist League at the City College of New York. She was a professor of English at Sofia University. His father found refuge in the U.S. after he participated in the unsuccessful Communist uprising against the Bulgarian ruling monarchy in 1923 and was expelled from the U.S. as an undesirable alien in 1951. While a convinced communist, Pirinski did show some flashes of independent thinking, such as expressing disagreement in a private conversation with foreign visitors in 1970 at the decision of Bulgarian media to downplay the U.S. moonwalk the previous year. In the late 1970s, Pirinski was an aide to then Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Lukanov and then at the age of 31 became Bulgaria's youngest deputy minister (of foreign trade). He renounced his U.S. citizenship in 1974, but political opponents later argued that the renunciation was judicially null. Pirinski was considered the BSP's favorite for the 1996 presidential nomination until the Constitutional Court barred him from participating in the presidential elections for failing to satisfy a constitutional requirement that the president be a Bulgarian citizen by birth (he was a U.S. citizen by birth).

A vice-premier during the Georgi Atanasov and Andrey Lukanov governments and a foreign minister during the Zhan Videnov government, Pirinski was the Chairman of the National Assembly of Bulgaria from 11 July 2005 to 25 June 2009.

See also

List of foreign ministers in 1997 
 Foreign relations of Bulgaria
List of Bulgarians

References

Ташев, Ташо (1999). Министрите на България 1879-1999. София: АИ "Проф. Марин Дринов" / Изд. на МО.  / .  (In English: Ministers of Bulgaria 1879-1999; Tasho Tashev, Sofia)

External links

Info on Pirinski on the National assembly website

 

1948 births
Living people
Chairpersons of the National Assembly of Bulgaria
Politicians from New York City
Bulgarian people of American descent
Former United States citizens
Macedonian Bulgarians
University of National and World Economy alumni
Bulgarian Communist Party politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Bulgaria)
Deputy prime ministers of Bulgaria
Foreign ministers of Bulgaria
MEPs for Bulgaria 2014–2019
Bulgarian Socialist Party politicians
Karl Marx Higher Institute of Economics alumni
American emigrants to Bulgaria
Sphenosquamosal suture

The sphenosquamosal suture is a cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone.

Additional images

References

External links

 
 

Bones of the head and neck
Cranial sutures
Human head and neck
Joints
Joints of the head and neck
Skeletal system
Skull
Mount Baden-Powell

Mount Baden-Powell () is a peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of California named for the founder of the World Scouting Movement, Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell. It was officially recognized by the USGS at a dedication ceremony in 1931. It was originally known as East Twin or North Baldy.

Geography

At  in elevation, Mount Baden-Powell is traditionally considered to be the 5th highest peak of the San Gabriel Range; however it is the second highest peak in the range with more than  of prominence, and is the highest peak not part of the Mount San Antonio massif.

The peak is within the Angeles National Forest and San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

Hiking
The Pacific Crest Trail reaches within  of the summit; at , this is the highest point of the trail south of the Sierra Nevada.

The summit has long been a favorite hiking excursion either from the Mount Islip Saddle near Little Jimmy Trail Camp, or the Vincent Gap Trail which leads up a moderate to strenuous set of switchbacks from Wrightwood. Mount Baden-Powell is also the high point along The Silver Moccasin Trail, a historic  Boy Scout hiking trail, which connects this summit to Mount Burnham (less than  away), Throop Peak, and Mount Hawkins. The Vincent Gap hike leads through a variety of forested areas consisting of Jeffrey Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Incense-cedar, and an ancient forest of Limber Pine some of which are more than 2,000 years old.

In 1957 several Southern California councils of the Boy Scouts of America placed a formal marker at the summit with a plaque dedicated to Lord Baden-Powell.

See also 

 Baden-Powell Peak in Nepal

References

External links 
 
 
 
 
 

San Gabriel Mountains
Mountains of Los Angeles County, California
San Gabriel Mountains National Monument
Mountains of Southern California
Exercise1 Recordings

Exercise1 Recordings (often shortened to EX1) was a London based independent record label that released debut singles from Jeremy Warmsley, A Million Billion, Plans & Apologies, The Coral Sea, and Twin Thousands. It also released the 50minutes compilation album in late 2006, featuring 50 one-minute tracks from 50 artists, including Daniel Johnston, Youthmovies, and MC Lars amongst others, with proceeds going to the Medical Foundation.

In August 2008 the following notice appeared on the label's official site:
It's with regret that the 3 partners of Exercise1 Recordings need to inform you that we have decided it is time to call it a day on the project, put up our feet, drink some tea and pat each other on the back for all that we did over the last 4 years.

The idea at the start (and end for that matter) was always to create a catalogue of work recorded, crafted, designed, packaged and promoted with an immense amount of love and a minute amount of financial backing. Fortunately this catalogue will always be there, along will the hole in our bank accounts and our low credit scores, but more importantly so will the radio plays, video plays, reviews, interviews and just general recognition for our artists that were obtained with good music, rather than some lavish PR budget.

Naturally it's not the last you'll hear from our artists, and we'd like to point out that none are under any form of contract or written agreement with us and will be free to make music for you in whatever method they choose to in the future. Neither is it the last you'll hear from us 3, individually or as a collective. We plan to put something new together in the not too distant future.

Discography

EX1.9  Decades - Thinking Round Corners - Single
EX1.13  The DIY Cravings - Annie & Tommy - Single
EX1.16  Jeremy Warmsley - I Believe in The Way You Move - Single
EX1.22  The London Beach - Immagrentie - Single
EX1.24  A Million Billion with Dons Mobile Barbers - Exmas Message 2005: Iceland - Digital Download
EX1.25  A Million Billion - Volcano Season - EP
EX1.26  Plans & Apologies - Spiderz in The Bar (Part II) - EP
EX1.27  The Coral Sea - Look At Her Face - Single
EX1.30  Various Artists - 50minutes - Album
EX1.31  Plans & Apologies - Exmas Message 2006 - Digital Download
EX1.32  Twin Thousands - Like You A Lot - Single
EX1.33  Various Artists - Ten - Album
EX1.34  Plans & Apologies - Meetoo - Single
EX1.35  Adam Patrick - Exmas Message 2007: This Christmas Eve - Digital Download

See also 
 List of record labels
 List of independent UK record labels

References

External links 
 Official site

British independent record labels
French cruiser Marseillaise (1935)

Marseillaise was a French light cruiser of the . During the Second World War, she remained with Vichy France.

Design and description
The La Galissonnière class was designed as an enlarged and improved version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. Their crew consisted of 557 men in peacetime and 612 in wartime.

Construction and career
When commissioned, Marseillaise joined the French Mediterranean Squadron and became the flagship of Contre-Amiral Decoux in 1938. In January 1939 she joined the 3rd Cruiser Division at Casablanca, and she was at Toulon when war was declared, as flagship of the 4th Squadron, part of Force Z.

Marseillaise participated in the transport of gold to Canada in April 1940.

Concerns regarding Italian intentions prompted reorganisation of French naval forces. The 3rd Cruiser Division was sent to Bizerte as part of the Force de Raid, to protect French interests in North Africa, should Italy enter the war.

After the French surrender, on 4 July 1940, she returned to Toulon. As a result of the British attack on Mers-el-Kebir, the Germans suspended the disarming of the French fleet and Marseillaise became part of the newly formed High Seas force.

In the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon, the ship was sabotaged by her crew and set on fire. The captain of Marseillaise was anxious that the Germans should not capture the ship. He ordered scuttling charges to be set and the sea valves opened only on one side, ignoring orders to sink his ship on an even keel. German commandos arrived at the gangplank but were refused permission to go aboard. They did not force the issue and stood on the dock and watched the ship slowly capsize. The last officers abandoned ship as explosions ripped the vessel apart and fires took hold. The ship's officers were taken prisoner, and the ship burned for seven days.

The burnt-out hulk of Marseillaise was scrapped in 1946–1947.

Citations

Bibliography

External links
Specifications of the La Galissonnière class
History of the La Galissonnière class
Scuttling at Toulon

La Galissonnière-class cruisers
World War II cruisers of France
Ships built in France
1935 ships
World War II warships scuttled at Toulon
Maritime incidents in November 1942
La Marseillaise
Network traffic control

In computer networking, network traffic control is the process of managing, controlling or reducing the network traffic, particularly Internet bandwidth, e.g. by the network scheduler. It is used by network administrators, to reduce congestion, latency and packet loss. This is part of bandwidth management.  In order to use these tools effectively, it is necessary to measure the network traffic to determine the causes of network congestion and attack those problems specifically.

Network traffic control is an important subject in datacenters as it is necessary for efficient use of datacenter network bandwidth and for maintaining service level agreements.

Traffic shaping 

Traffic shaping is the retiming (delaying) of packets (or frames) until they meet specified bandwidth and or burstiness limits. Since such delays involve queues that are nearly always finite and, once full, excess traffic is nearly always dropped (discarded), traffic shaping nearly always implies traffic policing as well.

Traffic policing 

Traffic policing is the dropping (discarding) or reduction in priority (demoting) of packets (or frames) that exceed some specified bandwidth and or burstiness limit.

References 

Network performance
2006 Aligarh riots

Aligarh is a district with hindu majority a large muslim minority (politically dominating) in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has been the site of communal riots in past.
At least, five to six people died as a result of rioting that began between Muslims and Hindus in the city on 5 April 2006.

Causes
The rioting started on night of 5 April when according to some people, members of the Muslim community  removed the decorations on a Hindu temple (it was the Hindu festival of Ram Navami) while another version as reported by some media suggests that riots started after some Muslims objected to the overnight celebration of Ram Navami .

Timeline
5–6 April: According to one version of the events, members of Muslim community remove decorations on a Hindu temple in view of Rama Navami leading to communal clashes in Sabzi Mandi (Vegetable Market) and Dahi Wali Galli areas of the city. Four people are killed and 13 are injured. Another more authentic version of story reported as by Reuters suggests that tensions escalated after Muslims objected to overnight celebration of Rama Navami.
6 April: Curfew was not imposed in certain areas of the city and Rapid Action Force is deployed. State of Uttar Pradesh goes on 'Red Alert' as government fears of rioting spreading to other cities.
7 April: Death toll rises to 6, as the city's Superintendent of Police S K Verma and Additional District Magistrate Satya Bhan are placed under suspension on charges of laxity. Lalji Tandon, opposition leader of the Uttar Pradesh state assembly, is detained at Kanpur while on his way to riot-affected areas. 68 people are arrested on rioting charges.
8 April: Rioting continues despite the curfew and heavy paramilitary presence in the city.

See also
1992 Bombay Riots
2002 Gujarat Riots

External links
Tensions in Aligarh as 4 persons are killed in a clash – 6 April (Outlook India)
Hindu Muslim riots leave two dead in North India –  6 April (Reuters)
BJP Claims minority "appeasement" the reason behind riots –  7 April (Outlook India)
Congress seeks judicial probe into the riots –  7 April (OneIndia)
Toll rises to 6 as riots as curfew continues –  7 April (Gauravi Gujarat)
Toll reaches 5 as Aligrah riots continue –  8 April (The Times of India)

Aligarh Riots
2006 Aligarh Riots
Aligarh Riots
Aligarh
Aligarh Riots
Thenthuk

Thenthuk () or hand-pulled noodle soup (thukpa), is a very common noodle soup in Tibetan cuisine, especially in Amdo, Tibet where it is served as dinner and sometimes lunch. The main ingredients are wheat flour dough, mixed vegetables and some pieces of mutton or yak meat. Vegetable thenthuk is a common modern-day option too.

Preparation
Making the soup consists of mixing the flour, kneading the dough, chopping the vegetables and meat and boiling the soup.

The cook starts working with the dough when everything boiling in the soup is well cooked. They shape the dough, flatten it, pull it and cut it off, right into the boiling soup. As soon as this is finished, the noodle soup is ready to cool down and be served.

Nepalese thukpa
The Nepalese version of thukpa () contains chili powder, masalas, and noodles with gram and pea soup which gives it a hot and spicy flavor. The most typical Nepali thukpa is found in Sankhuwasabha district. However, the thukpa found in Kathmandu Valley is the same as that found in Tibet due to immigrant Tibetan refugees.

See also
 List of soups
 List of Tibetan dishes

References

Tibetan cuisine
Nepalese cuisine
Noodle soups
Maharana

The Maharana is a variation on the Indian royal title Rana.
Maharana denotes 'great king' or 'high king', similar to the word "Maharaja".

Usage at the time of independence

Salute states 
The gun salutes enjoyed by the states that acceded to the Dominion of India on 14 August 1947, included the following Maharanas:

Hereditary salute of 19-guns (21-guns local): the Maharana of Udaipur State (Mewar)
Hereditary salute of 13-guns the Maharana of Rajpipla
Hereditary salute of 11-guns: the Maharana of Barwani
 
Hereditary salutes of 9-guns:
The Maharana of Danta
The Maharana of Wadhwan
The Maharana of Sant
Some of the rulers were granted increased gun salutes after the independence, e.g. the above-listed Maharana of Mewar (Hindu; at Udaipur, Maharajpramukh in Rajasthan) was raised to first place in the Order of Precedence, displacing the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar (Muslim), and all 9-gun states were permitted the use of the style of Highness.

Compound ruler titles
The Maharana Raj Sahib of Wankaner - Hereditary salute of 11-guns
The Maharana Sahib of Dharampur

References

Heads of state
Royal titles
Noble titles
Titles of national or ethnic leadership
Medieval India
Udaipur
Indian feudalism
Titles in India
Emotive

Emotive may refer to:
 Emotive (sociology), a sociological term
 eMOTIVe, a 2004 rock album by A Perfect Circle
 Emotiv, a company which develops mind-computer interfaces
Kaeser

Kaeser and Käser are the German and Swiss forms, respectively, of the same German-language surname, referring to a maker or seller of cheese (compare English Cheeseman). Notable people with the surname include:
 Adrian Käser, Swiss sidecarcross World Champion
 Angelika Dreock-Käser, German Para-cyclist
 Carl Kaeser, German founder of Kaeser Compressors
 Elisabeth Käser (born 1951), Swiss slalom canoeist 
 H. J. Kaeser (1904 – 1965), German Jewish author
 Helmut Käser (1912 – 1994), Swiss general secretary of FIFA
 Joe Kaeser (born 1957), German CEO of Siemens
 Viviane Käser (born 1985), Swiss figure skater

German-language surnames
Occupational surnames
G. R. Hawting

Gerald R. Hawting (born 1944) is a British historian and Islamicist.

Life 

Hawting's teachers were Bernard Lewis and John Wansbrough. He received his Ph.D. in 1978. He is Emeritus Professor for the History of the Near and Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London.

Research 

In the line of John Wansbrough, Hawting concentrated on the question for the religious milieu in which Islam came into being. He analysed available sources about the religions on the Arabian peninsula in the time before Islam in detail. According to Hawting, Islam did not develop within a world of polytheism as is reported by the traditional Islamic traditions which were written 150 to 200 years after Muhammad. Instead, Islam came into being on the basis of a conflict among various types of monotheists which considered each other to fail in living a perfect monotheism, and considering each other to practice idolatry.

Another theme of Hawting's research is the period of the Umayyad dynasty which was of great importance for the formation of Islam as a religion. Also Hawting's works are related with ibadism. Hawting is a representative of the Revisionist School of Islamic Studies.

Works 

 The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 (1986)
 "John Wansbrough, Islam, and monotheism" (1997)
 The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History (1999)

As editor and co-author:
Approaches to the Quran (1993)
 The Development of Islamic Ritual (2006)

Works related to Ibadism 

 Hawting, G.R.: (1978) The significance of the slogan Lā Ḥukma illā li'llāh and the references to the Ḥudūd in the Traditions about the Fitna and the murder of ʿUthmān. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (London), vol. 41 (1978), 453–463
 Hawting, G.R., J.A. Mojaddedi, A. Samely: (eds.) (2000) Studies in Islamic and Middle Eastern texts and traditions in memory of Norman Calder (d. 1998). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement, 12

References

1944 births
Living people
British Islamic studies scholars
Scholars of medieval Islamic history
British historians
Ibadi Islam
Ibadi studies
Double fisherman's knot

The double fisherman's knot or grapevine knot is a bend. This knot and the triple fisherman's knot are the variations used most often in climbing, arboriculture, and search and rescue.  The knot is formed by tying a double overhand knot, in its strangle knot form, with each end around the opposite line's standing part.

Usage
A primary use of this knot is to form high strength (round) slings of cord for connecting pieces of a climber's protection system.

Other uses
This knot, along with the basic fisherman's knot can be used to join the ends of a necklace cord. The two strangle knots are left separated, and in this way the length of the necklace can be adjusted without breaking or untying the strand.

Tying

Line form

Drop form

Security

Dyneema/Spectra's very high lubricity leads to poor knot-holding ability and has led to the recommendation to use the triple fisherman's knot rather than the traditional double fisherman's knot in 6 mm Dyneema core cord to avoid a particular failure mechanism of the double fisherman's, where first the sheath fails at the knot, then the core slips through.

See also
List of bend knots
List of knots

References

External links 
 Double Fisherman's Knot on netknots.com.

Climbing knots
Double knots
Gama

Gama or Da Gama may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Gama (EP), a 2005 EP by The Gazette
 Gama (Naruto), a character in the anime Naruto

Companies and organizations
 Gama Aviation, a company based in the United Kingdom
 Gama Toys, a German tinplate and diecast toy manufacturer
 GAMA Industry, a Turkish construction company
 Game Manufacturers Association, a non-profit trade association
 General Aviation Manufacturers Association, non-profit trade association
 Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, Brazilian football club

People
Gama (surname), for people with the surname Gama
Gama Singh (born 1954), Canadian wrestler
The Great Gama (1882–1960), wrestler from Punjab

Places
Gama, Federal District, in Brazil
Gama, Burkina Faso
Gama, Cundinamarca, in Colombia
Gama, Senegal
Gama, Guinea
Gama Rural LLG, in Papua New Guinea
 Da Gama Park, a town in City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Other
 Gama (carriage), a traditional Korean litter
 Gama Goat, a semi-amphibious off-road vehicle
 GAMA Platform, a scientific platform for building spatially explicit agent-based simulations
 Da Gama Dam, a dam on the Witwaters River, South Africa
 Buttumak, a traditional Korean kitchen stove
 Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey, a galaxy survey of data from a number of astronomical instruments
 Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program
 gAMA, an ancillary chunk in the PNG image file format

See also
Vasco da Gama (disambiguation)
Gamma (disambiguation)
Gam (disambiguation)
Gram (disambiguation)
Grama (disambiguation)