alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Sisophon province

Sisophon was a changwat (province) of Thailand. In 1906 it was ceded to French Indochina. It is now part of Cambodia and known as Banteay Meanchey.

History
During the 16th century and before, Sisophon was known as Srey Saophon meaning in Khmer "Beautiful Lady" and it was a small district, belonging to Battambang Province.

After the 17th century the Siamese took over Battambang Province and Siem Reap Province in a successful military campaign.

Battambang Province and Siem Reap province were established as provinces of Siam and renamed as Phra Tabong and Siam Nakhon respectively and Srey Saophon was renamed as Sisophon.

In 1907 the French colonial administration of Cambodia negotiated with the Siamese government to cede Battambang Province and Siem Reap Province to the French Protectorate of Cambodia in exchange of Trat and Dan Sai and the names of these province reverted to their Khmer names. 
In 1907 Srisophon was changed officially back to Serey Saophoan meaning in Khmer "Beautiful Freedom" implying freedom from the nearly 200 years of Siamese control.

After the Khmer Rouge years, Battambang Province was broken up into two provinces. Those provinces are now a part of present-day Battambang Province and Banteay Meanchey Province. Sisophon was made the capital city of Banteay Meanchey Province.

See also
 Sisophon

References

External links
The Land Boundaries of Indochina: Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam

Former provinces of Thailand
French protectorate of Cambodia
Eternal E

Eternal E is the first greatest hits album by American rapper Eazy-E. It was released posthumously on November 28, 1995, through Ruthless/Priority Records, several months after his death. Production was handled by DJ Yella, Dr. Dre, DJ Bobcat, Cold 187um, Naughty by Nature, and Eazy-E himself, who also served as executive producer. The album peaked at number 84 on the Billboard 200 and number 19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on February 21, 2003 for selling over 500,000 copies in the U.S.

Critical reception

Entertainment Weekly (12/1/95, p. 77) – "...hits like the groundbreaking 'Boyz-N-the-Hood' and the funky 'We Want Eazy' are enjoyably raw (and music history to boot)." – Rating: B+
Melody Maker (1/13/96, p. 29) – Recommended – "...those old pre-Compton solo tracks...are still the absolute f***ing bomb, even with, in fact, because of, the dated production....[His] was the first voice in hip hop that could be called weak...and thus it was petulantly aggressive in a way that was entirely new."
Rap Pages (2/96, p. 31) – 9 (out of 10) – "...a historical biography of Eazy-E's music that is a must-have for the archives...this compilation documents the life of one of West Coast rap's most important contributors."
NME (1/6/96, p. 33) – 7 (out of 10) – "...is as elegiac as it is capitalistic....[These are] graphic accounts and celebrations of streetlife designed to cause maximum offence to anyone who doesn't try to understand the social context..."

Track listing 

Notes
Tracks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are taken from Eazy-E's album Eazy-Duz-It ℗ 1998 Ruthless/Priority Records
Track 2 is taken from N.W.A's album Straight Outta Compton ℗ 1988 Ruthless/Priority
Tracks 9, 10 and 13 are taken from Eazy-E's EP 5150: Home 4 tha Sick ℗ 1992 Ruthless/Priority
Tracks 11 and 12 are taken from N.W.A's album Efil4zaggin ℗ 1991 Ruthless/Priority
Track 14 is taken from the soundtrack release The Return of Superfly ℗ 1990 Capitol Records
Track 15 is taken from Eazy-E's EP It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa ℗ 1994 Ruthless Records
Track 16 is taken from Eazy-E's album Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton ℗ 1994 Ruthless Records

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

Eazy-E albums
1995 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by KayGee
Albums produced by Dr. Dre
Albums produced by DJ Yella
Albums produced by Rhythum D
Albums produced by Cold 187um
Gangsta rap compilation albums
Priority Records compilation albums
Ruthless Records compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously
SS Montfort Stokes

SS Montfort Stokes (MC contract 2000) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Montfort Stokes, an American politician who served as both North Carolina's Governor and Senator.

The ship was laid down on 16 July 1943 by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company of Wilmington, North Carolina, then launched on 14 August 1943. The ship survived the war and was sold into private ownership in 1947.  She was scrapped in 1962.

References

Liberty ships
Ships built in Wilmington, North Carolina
1943 ships
Serei Saophoan (city)

Serei Saophoan ( ) is the capital and largest city of the Banteay Meanchey Province and the fourth most populous city in Cambodia.  The city separates Cambodia's National Highway 5 and National Highway 6. Its administrative name is "Serei Sophon" as used by the government. The more commonly used name Sisophon is derived from the Thai pronunciation Si Sophon when it was under the Thai rule. Another nickname "Svay" is used mainly by truck drivers, train drivers and workers transporting goods. The origin of the word "Svay" is unknown. 
Its population is 61,482 in the 1998 census, changing little to 61,631 in the 2008 census having been overtaken by Poipet in size.

About forty minutes from Sisophon there is a Khmer temple ruin called Banteay Chmar.

See also
Sisophon Province
Banteay Chhmar

References

External links 
 

Provincial capitals in Cambodia
Cities in Cambodia
Serei Saophoan District
Populated places in Banteay Meanchey province
Paper-towel dispenser

A paper-towel dispenser is a wall-mounted device that dispenses paper towels in a public toilet so that hands can be dried after hand washing. Some are operated by a handle, some by pulling the paper from the dispenser, and others by automatic dispensation in response to a motion sensor, which is generally powered by an internal battery. Many dispensers also feature a lock-and-key mechanism to prevent paper theft. 

Such dispensers are common in North America and other western countries. They are either used to replace hand dryers or used in tandem to offer users alternatives to drying their hands. Some areas opt not to use them as paper towels are more costly than hand dryers, create litter, and are less environmentally friendly than alternatives.  However, replacing hand dryers with paper towels is seen as a way to reduce the further dispersal of toilet aerosols in public washrooms known as toilet plume.

Paper
The paper found in dispensers is usually white or brown, depending on whether or not it has been bleached. In some machines, the paper comes on a cardboard roll similar to household paper towels and has perforations allowing them to be easily ripped off, while other dispensers contain paper folded into stacked sheets, which are pulled out one at a time. These kinds of dispensers are sometimes combined with an integrated trash can, which is placed below the dispenser for easy disposal. The third kind of paper towel is torn by an integrated blade.

Hygiene 
Research has shown that paper towels from a wall-mounted dispenser are generally more hygienic than electric hand dryers, which have been observed to dramatically increase the presence of bacteria on users’ hands following hand washing. Electric hand dryers also exacerbate the aerial circulation of germs, including fecal particles, found in most public restrooms, which is one of the many reasons most hospitals, clinics, and other areas in which cleanliness is an especially high priority generally prefer paper towel dispensers.

See also
Soap dispenser
Toilet Roll Holder

References

Dispensers
Public toilets
Dischistodus

Dischistodus is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. It has seven described species.

Species
Dischistodus chrysopoecilus (Schlegel and Müller, 1839) - white-spot damsel
Dischistodus darwiniensis (Whitley, 1928) - banded damselfish
Dischistodus fasciatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) - banded damsel
Dischistodus melanotus (Bleeker, 1858) - black-vent damsel
Dischistodus perspicillatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) - white damsel
Dischistodus prosopotaenia (Bleeker, 1852) - honey-head damsel
Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus (G. R. Allen & D. R. Robertson, 1974) - monarch damsel

References

 
Pomacentrinae
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Theodore Gill
David McGregor Rogers

David McGregor Rogers (November 23, 1772 – July 18, 1824) was a farmer and Member of the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada.

He was born in Londonderry, Vermont, in 1772. the third son and second David born to Capt. James Rogers and Margaret McGregor, the first David having died at the age of four in 1766. He was named after his great-grandfather Rev. David McGregor of Londonderry, New Hampshire. He settled with his family in Fredericksburg Township in Lennox County after the American Revolution. His uncle, Major Robert Rogers, led a group known as Rogers' Rangers during the Seven Years' War. In 1789, Rogers settled on his own farm in Prince Edward County. In 1796, he was elected to the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada representing Prince Edward County. In 1800, he was elected to represent Hastings and Northumberland; he served in the assembly until 1816 and then from 1820 to 1824. He served in the local militia and also served as clerk in the district court. He also served as justice of the peace in the Newcastle District. In 1808, with Thomas Dorland and Peter Howard, he left the assembly to protest an attempt by the government to speed passage of an amendment to the District Schools Act. Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Gore attempted to punish Rogers for this action but Rogers' actions were upheld on review and he returned to Parliament in 1820.

In 1802 he married Sarah Playter and after her death in 1810 he married her widowed sister Elizabeth.

In 1824 he was reelected and died on election day. He is buried in St George's Anglican Church Cemetery in Grafton in Haldimand Township.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 Descendants of James Rogers, Father of the Rangers. Contains descendants of Robert Rogers, James Rogers, Samuel Rogers and his other siblings Including David McGregor Rogers and his descendants.

1772 births
1824 deaths
People from Londonderry, Vermont
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Colley (surname)

Colley is a surname. In England it contained the root col from which is derived Cole. It is also of Gambian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Angela Colley (born 1964), Gambian politician
Anne Colley (born 1951), Irish politician
David Colley (born 1947), Australian cricketer
Ebrima Colley (born 2000), Gambian footballer
George Colley (1925–1983), Irish politician
George Pomeroy Colley (1835–1881), British General
Harold John Colley (1895–1918), British soldier
Henry Colley (disambiguation), multiple people
John Edward Colley (born 1948), original name of John Ford Coley, American pianist
Kenneth Colley (born 1937), British actor
Kevin Colley (born 1979), American ice hockey player
Linda Colley (born 1949), British historian
Mariama Colley (born 1988), Gambian actress
Michael Colley (1938–2013), American vice-admiral
Omar Colley (born 1992), Gambian footballer
Randy Colley (1950–2019), wrestler
Richard Colley (disambiguation), multiple people
Robert Colley (born 1954), New Zealand boxer
Russell Colley (1897–1996), engineer, early spacesuit creator
Samantha Colley (born 1987), British actress
Samuel Colley (1807–1890), American politician
Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon or Minnie Pearl (1912–1996), American country comedian
Saruba Colley (born 1989), Gambian sprinter
Scott Colley (born 1963), jazz bassist
Susan Jane Colley (born 1959), American mathematician
Thomas Colley, 18th century Sellack, Herefordshire gentry 
William Dixon Colley (1913–2001), Gambian journalist

See also
Coles (surname)
Coley (surname)
Colle (disambiguation)
Colles (disambiguation)
Collie (disambiguation) (includes many people called Collie or Colly)
Cowley (surname)

References

de:Colley
Mark Newgarden

Mark Newgarden (born August 1, 1959, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American underground cartoonist. His work has appeared widely, and his influential shape-shifting weekly feature Newgarden, which appeared in alternative weekly newspapers like New York Press, created a cult following for the artist.

Newgarden's work has appeared in a diverse array of venues, from the pivotal avant-garde comics album RAW to the New York Times op-ed page. His work has been exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution, the Cooper-Hewitt, the Brooklyn Museum, The Paley Center for Media, and the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. In 1992 Newgarden was designated as one of Entertainment Weekly's annual "Faces to Watch". Newgarden has worked on various TV, film, and multimedia projects over the years for Nickelodeon, the Cartoon Network, Microsoft, Packard Bell, and others.

Newgarden attended New York's School of Visual Arts in the late 1970s/early 1980s, graduating in 1982, where his classmates included fellow cartoonists/illustrators Drew Friedman and Kaz. He came to the attention of one of his teachers, Art Spiegelman, who published him in RAW and brought him, in 1983, as a creative consultant for the Topps Company. Newgarden was part of the team that created the Garbage Pail Kids, and worked on new editions of Wacky Packages as well as scores of other satiric and novelty products.

In 1999 the cartoonist completed writing and directing four episodes of B. Happy, the first of the experimental "Web Premiere Toons" for the Cartoon Network. 

His picture history of the practical joke and novelty industry, Cheap Laffs, was published by Harry N. Abrams in 2004; and We All Die Alone, a monograph collection of his comics and stories, was released from Fantagraphics Books in 2006. Bow-Wow Bugs a Bug, a wordless picture story, was published in 2007 by Harcourt.

Newgarden resides with children's illustrator and author Megan Montague Cash in an ex-funeral parlor in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

Bibliography 
 Cheap Laffs: The Art of the Novelty Item (Harry N. Abrams, 2004)
 We All Die Alone (Fantagraphics Books, 2006)
 Bow-Wow Bugs A Bug (Harcourt Books, 2007)
 Bow-Wow's Nightmare Neighbors (Roaring Brook Press, 2014)
 How to Read Nancy: The Elements of Comics in Three Easy Panels with Paul Karasik (Seattle: Fantagraphics Books, 2017) .

References

External links 
 
Official website for Bow-Wow, star of Newgarden's picture story series from Harcourt

Alternative cartoonists
Underground cartoonists
People from Williamsburg, Brooklyn
School of Visual Arts alumni
Living people
1959 births
Comics critics
A Man and a Woman (song)

"A Man and a Woman" is the seventh track on U2's eleventh studio album, How To Dismantle An Atomic Bomb. An acoustic version of the song showed up on the "All Because of You" single. It has been performed live only once at the Clinton Foundation.

Writing and composition

"A Man and a Woman" emerged after U2's engineer was trying a mix of something the band had recorded. Lead singer Bono liked it and soon started to play the bass guitar and singing. The acoustic guitar that the Edge is playing in the song was taken from another completely different song, they chopped it up and connected together with the new one. It was inspiring to Bono to keep working on that. Bono cites Thin Lizzy founding member Phil Lynott as the influence for the style in which he sings the song.

Bono, who has been interested in the distance that lies between men and women, wrote this song about rediscovering a kind of flirtatious and romantic love. The Edge classes "A Man and a Woman" as the wild card on How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb.

Personnel

U2
Bono – vocals
The Edge – guitar, backing vocals, additional percussion
Adam Clayton – bass guitar
Larry Mullen, Jr. – drums, percussion

Additional performers
Jacknife Lee – synthesizers

Technical
Production – Jacknife Lee
Additional production – Steve Lillywhite, Carl Glanville
Recording – Glanville
Recording assistance – Chris Heaney
Mixing – Lee
Mix engineering – Simon Gogerly, Greg Collins

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
A Man and a Woman lyrics at U2.com

Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Man and a Woman, A
Kusado Sengen

is the name of a medieval town in Japan. It is located near the Ashida River in present-day Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture.  Investigators believe that Kusado Sengen was a minor commercial port town on the Seto Inland Sea during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. Exhibits and a reconstruction may be found at the Hiroshima Prefectural Museum of History.

Discovery 

Kusado Sengen was discovered in 1961 when a large quantity of pottery, porcelain and gravestones were discovered while attempting to re-route the Ashida River. Many historians believed that it was the site of a medieval town named Kusado Sengen. Excavation was not carried out, and the site was buried by a sandbank in the re-routed river.

Excavation 

Excavation of the site was started in 1961 by the Fukuyama Municipal Board of Education. 
Several items dating back to the Kamakura and Muromachi Periods were found, and it became obvious that the site was indeed Kusado Sengen. The Ministry of Construction planned river improvements and the construction of a dam. These plans caused the possibility that the sandbank on which the site was located might be destroyed or completely submerged. Serious and long-term investigations therefore became urgently necessary. Accordingly, the Hiroshima Prefectural Institute for the Kusado Sengen-cho Site Investigations was founded in 1973 as a research unit within the Hiroshima Prefectural Board of Education.

Many of the finds from the site that have been excavated are waterlogged and reasonably well preserved. Finds include wells, pits for garbage dumping, ditches, ponds, graves, and a wide range of objects such as pottery, wooden objects, stone objects, metal objects, bone tools, fabrics, and organic remains.

Pottery was very common amongst the finds at the site, the most common being earthenware. A great deal of imported pottery from Vietnam, Korea and China was found with it. 	

Many kinds of wooden objects were discovered. The majority of them were for daily activities such as eating and storage. 	

Lacquer ware bowls and dishes are regarded as common tableware in the town. These are believed to have been produced in the town, since a lot of lacquering tools were excavated from the site. On many of the lacquer vessels there are designs of living things such as birds and plants.

Other finds include coins and carpenters' tools.

See also
 List of Historic Sites of Japan (Hiroshima)

References

External links 
What is Kusado Sengen? 	 
Hiroshima Prefectural Museum

Archaeological sites in Japan
Former populated places in Japan
Fukuyama, Hiroshima
History of Hiroshima Prefecture
Connie Ryan

Cornelius Joseph Ryan (February 27, 1920 – January 3, 1996) was an American professional baseball second baseman, third baseman, coach and manager who served as interim manager of two Major League Baseball teams, the  Atlanta Braves and the  Texas Rangers. 

A native of New Orleans who attended Louisiana State University, he batted and threw right-handed and was listed as  tall and .

During his playing days, Ryan appeared in 1,184 games over 12 MLB seasons, and compiled a lifetime batting average of .248 with 988 career hits (among them 58 home runs) with the New York Giants, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds / Redlegs, Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago White Sox. 

On April 16, 1953, Ryan (then with the Phillies) made six hits in six at bats in a 14–12 loss to Pittsburgh, tying a then-Major League record. Ryan's safeties included two doubles; he scored three runs and had one run batted in.

Ryan spent much of his baseball career in the Braves organization, working for them in three different cities: as a player in Boston (he was a utility infielder for the 1948 National League champions); a coach and minor league manager for Milwaukee during the late 1950s (he was the third-base coach on Fred Haney's staff during the Braves' 1957 world championship season); and as a coach (1971; 1973–74), interim manager (1975) and scout for the Atlanta club during the 1970s. Ryan succeeded Clyde King as skipper of the Atlanta Braves on August 30, 1975, and guided the team to a record of 9–18 over the final 27 games of the season.

In 1977, Ryan began the season as a coach with the Texas Rangers. Texas manager Frank Lucchesi was replaced by Eddie Stanky, a teammate of Ryan's on the 1948–49 Braves, on June 22. Stanky resigned after one game, and Ryan served as interim manager for six games (with Texas winning two) from June 23 to 27. The Rangers signed Billy Hunter, the longtime Baltimore Orioles third-base coach, as their permanent manager. Ryan's career managerial mark was 11–22 (.333).  He remained a Rangers' coach through 1979.

During the 1960s, Ryan also spent several seasons as a scout and minor league manager with the Houston Astros and briefly worked with the Kansas City A's.

He died at age 75 in Metairie, Louisiana.

See also
List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders

References

External links

Connie Ryan at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1920 births
1996 deaths
Atlanta Braves coaches
Atlanta Braves managers
Atlanta Braves scouts
Atlanta Crackers players
Austin Senators players
Baseball players from New Orleans
Boston Braves players
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Redlegs players
Cincinnati Reds players
Corpus Christi Clippers players
Houston Astros scouts
Jersey City Giants players
Kansas City Athletics scouts
Louisiana State University alumni
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Milwaukee Braves coaches
National League All-Stars
New York Giants (NL) players
Savannah Indians players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Texas Rangers coaches
Texas Rangers managers
Texas Rangers scouts
Jesuit High School (New Orleans) alumni
John Donvan

John Donvan (born 1955) is a journalist, broadcaster and debate moderator whose bestselling book, In a Different Key: The Story of Autism, was a Pulitzer Prize Finalist. He serves as host of Intelligence Squared U.S., a debate series dedicated to raising the level of public discourse in America.

Early life
Donvan attended Regis High School in New York City. He attended Dartmouth and Columbia University Journalism

Career
Donvan is the host of Intelligence Squared US, a forum that gathers experts to debate propositions concerning serious topics of public interest in Oxford Union-style debates which may be heard on NPR, and on Fora.TV. 

Donvan is an avid storyteller, having premiered his first one-man show "Lose the Kid" in Washington, D.C. in September 2013, under the auspices of SpeakeasyDC.

Earlier, he worked as a reporter for ABC News, including stints as Moscow and London correspondent and becoming the network's chief White House correspondent in January 1997 and a regular contributor to Nightline in 1998.

In 2016, Donvan and Caren Zucker, a journalist and television news producer, co-authored In a Different Key: The Story of Autism.  Issues discussed include the Refrigerator mother theory and the possibility of an autism epidemic.  One autistic individual covered is Donald Triplett, the first child diagnosed with autism.  Another person profiled is psychiatrist and autism pioneer Leo Kanner.  The book discusses the debate over the neurodiversity movement, especially with respect to low-functioning autistics.

Awards
Donvan's broadcast work has won four Emmy Awards, several Overseas Press Club Awards, two Cine Golden Eagles, and has been honored by the National Association of Black Journalists, the Committee of 100, and the Media Action Network for Asian-Americans. As a writer, he was a named finalist for the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in general non-fiction for "In A Different Key: The Story of Autism," and also a finalist for the 2011 National Magazine Award for his profile of Donald Triplett. Both works were co-authored with Caren Zucker.

References

External links
 
 John Donvan Correspondent Biography

1955 births
Living people
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
Dartmouth College alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
ABC News personalities
Regis High School (New York City) alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
The Face of the Waters

The Face of the Waters is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, first published in 1991.

Plot introduction 
The Face of the Waters takes place deep in the future, on a penal colony, inhabited by convicts and their progeny. The planet is Hydros, an ocean planet whose inhabitants live on artificial floating islands.

After a human offense against the natives of Hydros, the human population of the island of Sorve are ordered to leave. Forbidden on all other islands, in a flotilla of ships they seek the semi-mythical island of the Face of the Waters. During their journey they are forced to learn more about themselves, leading to questions about both religion and the purpose of Man. At the end of the novel Robert Silverberg addresses what it means to be human.

1991 American novels
1991 science fiction novels
Novels by Robert Silverberg
Fiction set on ocean planets
Religion in science fiction
Grafton (publisher) books
Microspathodon

Microspathodon is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae.

Species
There are four species in the genus:

Microspathodon bairdii (Gill, 1862)
Microspathodon chrysurus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Microspathodon dorsalis (Gill, 1862)   
Microspathodon frontatus Emery, 1970

References

 
Pomacentrinae
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Peter Scratchley

Major General Sir Peter Henry Scratchley  (24 August 1835 – 2 December 1885) was special commissioner for Great Britain in New Guinea 1884–1885 and defence adviser for Australia.

Biography

Scratchley was born in Paris, thirteenth child of Dr James Scratchley, Royal Artillery, and his wife Maria, née Roberts. He was educated in Paris and at the Woolwich academy and then began a career as an Officer of Engineers in the British Army. Scratchley served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny and in October 1859 was made a captain. He then had several tours of duty in the Australian colonies advising on defence. In 1860 he was sent to Victoria to plan a system of defence for that colony, but after working on this for over three years his plan was not adopted as a whole. Scratchley had, however, constructed batteries around the coast of Port Phillip by expending a comparatively small sum.

Following the withdrawal in 1870 of British garrison troops from Australia, Major General Sir William Jervois and then Lieutenant Colonel Scratchley were commissioned by a group of colonies to advise on defence matters. They inspected each colony's defences and produced the Jervois-Scratchley reports of 1877. Not surprisingly given their engineering backgrounds and the fear in the colonies of potential enemy fleets, the reports emphasised fortifications against naval attack. The Jervois-Scratchley reports formed the basis of defence planning in Australia and New Zealand for the next 30 years.

Among his achievements in Australia were:
 Founding of the Corps of Engineers in Victoria in 1860
 The fort on Bare Island, Botany Bay, New South Wales
 Fort Scratchley, Newcastle, New South Wales
 Fort Lytton, Brisbane, Queensland
 Fort Glanville, South Australia — assisted by Alexander Bain Moncrieff
 Fort Queenscliff, Queenscliff, Victoria

Scratchley retired with the honorary rank of Major-General on 1 October 1882, but was still employed as defence adviser for Australia by the Colonial Office. He was appointed special commissioner for Great Britain in New Guinea in 1884, and arrived there in August 1885. Port Moresby was made the seat of government, questions of land tenure and the cultivation of the land were examined, and good relations were established with many of the natives and with the missionaries. Scratchley soon contracted malaria and died at sea on aboard the Governor Blackall on 2 December 1885. He was buried in Melbourne and then reinterred to the Old Charlton cemetery in England. He left a widow, two daughters and a son.

Honours
Scratchley was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in June 1885.

Scratchley Road in Port Moresby, Mount Scratchley in the Owen Stanley Range near Kokoda in Papua New Guinea, and Fort Scratchley in Newcastle are named in his honour.

References

Further reading

1835 births
1885 deaths
History of Papua New Guinea
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Australian engineers
Royal Engineers officers
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Governors of the Territory of Papua
Joint Policy Committee

The Joint Policy Committee of the British Labour Party was part of the policy-making system of the party, set up by leader Tony Blair in 1997 as part of the Partnership in Power process.

It has strategic oversight of policy development by overseeing the rolling policy making process of Partnership in Power. It acts as a steering group for the National Policy Forum, and is a joint committee made up of National Executive Committee, parliamentary and National Policy Forum representatives, chaired by the leader of the party.

References

Organisation of the Labour Party (UK)
Joint committees
Neoglyphidodon

Neoglyphidodon is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae.

Species
Neoglyphidodon bonang (Bleeker, 1852)    
Neoglyphidodon carlsoni (Allen, 1975)    
Neoglyphidodon crossi (Allen, 1991)
Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830) 
Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Neoglyphidodon oxyodon (Bleeker, 1858)
Neoglyphidodon polyacanthus (Ogilby, 1889)    
Neoglyphidodon thoracotaeniatus (Fowler and Bean, 1928)

References

 
Pomacentrinae
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Gerald R. Allen
Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen

Eckard II (;  – 24 January 1046) was Margrave of Lusatia (as Eckard I) from 1034 and Margrave of Meissen from 1038 until his death. He was the last of his dynasty, with his death the line of Ekkeharding margraves descending from Eckard I of Meissen (d. 1002) became extinct.

Life
He was a younger son of Margrave Eckard I of Meissen and his wife Swanehilde. Eckard was a count in the Gau Chutizi east of Merseburg as well as in the burgward of Teuchern. Upon the assassination of his father in 1002, Eckard II and his elder brother Herman I ruled over the Ekkeharding allodial lands, while the Meissen margravial title first passed to their uncle Gunzelin feuding with his nephews until his deposition in 1009. During the German–Polish War around the Lusatian and Milceni lands, the brothers were able to maintain the rule over the Meissen lands until fighting ended with the 1018 Peace of Bautzen.

About 1026, Eckard married Uta von Ballenstedt, sister of the Saxon count Esico of Ballenstedt, progenitor of the noble House of Ascania. The marriage remained childless. With the consent of Emperor Conrad II, he and his brother Herman had the seat of the Bishopric of Zeitz relocated to Naumburg Cathedral in 1028–29.

In 1034 Eckard II became Margrave of Lusatia (Lower Lusatia) after his followers had slain the Wettin margrave Theoderic II, husband of Eckard's sister Matilda. Four years later he succeeded his brother Herman as Margrave of Meissen.

As guardian of the German eastern frontiers against Poland and Bohemia, he was often serving Emperor Conrad II and his successor King Henry III against these menaces, including the "Bohemian Achilles", Duke Bretislaus I. In 1039 Bretislaus, allied with King Peter of Hungary, who was at the same time raiding the Bavarian Avar March, made great gains in Poland, plundering Kraków and Gniezno, where he took along the relics of Saint Adalbert of Prague. In turn, King Henry III launched a campaign against him, together with his loyalest and most trusted allies, Archbishop Bardo of Mainz and Margrave Eckard. The Saxon forces led by the Meissen margrave took part in both of the king's expedition's, in 1040 and 1041: the first unsuccessful, the latter a victory which forced Duke Bretislaus to submit and conclude a peace treaty.

Margrave Eckard remained one of Henry's closest advisors until his death during a Saxon epidemic of 1046. He bequeathed his exceptional wealth and his margravial titles and lands to King Henry, who bestowed the margraviate on the Thuringian count William IV of Weimar.

He and his wife Uta von Ballenstedt were immortalized by their famous donor portraits by the Naumburg Master in the Naumburg Cathedral.

Sources

Gwatkin, H.M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) et al. The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge University Press, 1926.

1046 deaths
Margraves of Meissen
11th-century counts in Europe
980s births
House of Ekkehardiner
Yoshiyuki Kōno (victim)

Yoshiyuki Kōno (河野 義行, born February 3, 1950) is a survivor of the Matsumoto incident, a sarin attack that killed eight people and sickened many more in Matsumoto, Japan, on the evening of June 27, 1994 and the following morning.

Kōno, a machinery salesman, lived next-door to the site where Aum Shinrikyo members parked the customised vehicle carrying the deadly nerve agent. Despite the fact that his wife, Sumiko, was one of the people who had been gassed and was comatose at the time, the investigating police considered Kōno a prime suspect in the crime, considering his property to have been the point of origin of the sarin. Further, it was discovered that Kōno had twenty chemicals stored at his residence, which he had purchased for photo processing and pottery, along with pesticides. Despite the fact that sarin could not be synthesised from any combination of these chemicals, and Kōno lacked any of the qualifications or considerable knowledge of and experience in chemistry necessary to produce it, historian Keiichi Tsuneishi erroneously claimed in The Asahi Shimbun (the second most circulated newspaper out of the five national newspapers in Japan) that it was possible to synthesise the nerve agent from organophosphorus pesticides. Due to a deliberate leak from the local Nagano police force, he was subjected to a "trial by media" where the Japanese media treated Kōno as the perpetrator, dubbing him the "Poison Gas Man", causing him to receive hate mail and death threats.

After the much larger attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995, Kōno was cleared of blame and Aum Shinrikyo was deemed responsible. The head of National Public Safety Commission Hiromu Nonaka and media publicly apologised to Kōno. However, Nagano police did not directly apologise to Kōno until 2002.

Kōno later participated in many media events in defence of Aum, arguing that since the time he was wrongly accused in connection to the incident, he realised how vulnerable innocent victims are to media hate campaigns. Pointing to his own personal experience with the media industry and police, he drew parallels to innocent Aum members who suffered public alienation and unceremonious intrusion into their private life justified mostly by fears generated by the sensationalistic media rather than any proof of actual guilt.

Together with Yoshihiro Yasuda, a veteran attorney arrested during his defence of Aum's founder Shoko Asahara, he also campaigned against the death penalty and delivered speeches and lectures explaining the impact of Japan's judicial system on suspects and wrongly accused, as well as the social impact on relatives and associates.

Kōno's wife Sumiko, who had previously been an electronic organ teacher, remained unconscious until her death on August 5, 2008 at the age of 60, survived by her husband and their son and two daughters.

Further reading
Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche by Haruki Murakami

References

External links
 Official Website

Living people
1950 births
People from Aichi Prefecture
Douglas Lake Cattle Company

The Douglas Lake Cattle Company is Canada's largest working cattle ranch, usually known as the Douglas Lake Ranch. Founded June 30, 1886, it has been operating continuously since. This date also marks the completion of the last leg of the first transcontinental rail line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Montreal to Vancouver.

In response to booming demand for beef in rapidly growing Vancouver, the Interior stock industry went into high gear in the wake of the railway's opening, spurring on something of a golden age in BC ranching. In 1907 the Nicola branch line of the CPR was built into the Nicola Valley to serve the booming stock operation at Douglas Lake, which was already one of the country's largest and for many years second only to the sprawling Gang Ranch on the west side of the Fraser, which has since shrunk in scale, leaving the Douglas Lake as the largest. The ranch includes leased grazing land as well as directly leased or titled lands, and extends to the edge of metropolitan Kamloops and towards Shuswap Lake, spanning most of the high country of the northeastern Thompson Plateau.

The Douglas Lake Cattle Company has faced many controversies. It has been claimed that early on, the ranch's land holdings were expanded by pressing large amounts of cattle into the pastures of smaller neighbours. While the cattle would later be removed the damage was done. With their feed for the year consumed by Douglas Lake's herd, the homesteaders would be forced to sell. Douglas Lake Cattle Company has also aggressively restricted access to both private and public lands. By buying up thin strips of land along major arteries they are able to control wide tracts of public range. In many cases locked gates were placed where Douglas Lake has no legal claim to the property. While this is claimed to preserve grasslands, some say it appears to be a business maneuver. Douglas Lake Cattle Company charges up to $100.00 a day to fly fish their private lakes (that they maintain by stocking, cleaning, aerating, etc.). There are public lakes that you can access for  free (Douglas Lake is public) or pay an access fee (Salmon Lake).

See also 

 List of historic ranches in British Columbia
 Merritt, British Columbia
 Quilchena, British Columbia

References

External links 
 
 Map showing CPR spur lines in the Nicola-Similkameen (shaded blocks at right are the Douglas Lake Ranch and Indian Reserves; "Nicola" is the ranch's station and cattleyards, called Upper Nicola today)
 Buckaroos in BC: the Story of Ranching in British Columbia Virtual exhibit on the history of ranching in British Columbia.

History of British Columbia
Nicola Country
Ranches in British Columbia
Shuswap Country
Thompson Country
Cattle companies
Table Mountain Aerial Cableway

The Table Mountain Aerial Cableway is a cable car transportation system offering visitors a five-minute ride to the top of Table Mountain in Cape Town, South Africa. It is one of Cape Town's most popular tourist attractions with approximately one million people a year using the Cableway. In January 2019,  the Cableway welcomed its 28 millionth visitor.

The upper cable station is on the westernmost end of the Table Mountain plateau, at an elevation of . The upper cable station offers views over Cape Town, Table Bay and Robben Island to the north, and the Atlantic seaboard to the west and south. Amenities at the upper station include free guided walking tours, an audio tour, meal options at a café and a wi-fi lounge.

History

By the 1870s, Capetonians had proposed a railway to the top of Table Mountain, but plans were halted by the Anglo-Boer War. The City Council began investigating the options again in 1912, but this was in turn halted by the First World War.  Despite initial cost estimates of £100,000 (equivalent to £38,800,000 in 2011 pounds) to build the cableway the city's population was supportive of the project and in a referendum overwhelmingly voted in support of the project.

A Norwegian engineer, Trygve Stromsoe, presented plans for a cableway in 1926, and construction began soon after with the formation of the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway Company (TMACC). Former world leading wire ropeway company Adolf Bleichert & Co. from Leipzig (Germany) was awarded the contract for the construction. It was completed in 1929 at a cost of £60,000 (equivalent to £11,400,000 in 2011 pounds) and the cableway was opened on 4 October 1929, by the Mayor of Cape Town AJS Lewis. The cableway has been upgraded three times since then.  Sir David Graaff, a leading industrialist, former mayor of Cape Town and government minister, also invested heavily in the project.

In 1993, the son of one of the founders sold the TMACC and the new owners took charge of upgrading the cableway. In 1997, the cableway was reopened after extensive renovations, and new cars were introduced.

Specifications
The "Rotair" cableway was installed by Garaventa (Doppelmayr Garaventa Group) from Switzerland in 1997, the design being based on the Titlis Rotair cableway in Engelberg, Switzerland.
Each car carries 65 passengers (compared to 25 for the old cars), and runs on a double cable making them more stable in high winds, giving a faster journey of 4–5 minutes to the summit. The floors of the cars rotate through 360 degrees during the ascent or descent, giving passengers a panoramic view.

Gallery

References

External links

 Table Mountain Aerial Cableway
 Lower Cable station - Construction photos Collection

Buildings and structures completed in 1929
Aerial tramways in South Africa
Transport in Cape Town
Table Mountain
Tourist attractions in Cape Town
1929 establishments in South Africa
Matt Shanahan

Matthew 'Bubble' Shanahan (born 13 July 1976) is an Australian former professional basketball player. He played for the South Dragons in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL
At 6 foot 5 inches tall, Shanahan was a versatile player who can play most positions on the floor. He led the NBL in three point percentage in 1999.

Shanahan attended at the Australian Institute of Sport in 1993. He débuted in the NBL in 1992, and has since played for nine teams in his career in the league and for the Kilsyth Cobras in the SEABL. He has played for the following teams:

1992–93: South East Melbourne Magic (NBL Championship, 1992)
1994–98: North Melbourne Giants (NBL Championship, 1994)
1998/99: Brisbane Bullets
1999/2000: Cairns Taipans
2000–02: Wollongong Hawks (NBL Championship, 2001)
2002/03: Canberra Cannons
2003/04: Hunter Pirates
2004–06: Perth Wildcats
2006–2008: South Dragons
2009–2012: Coffs Harbour Suns

References

External links
NBL profile

1976 births
Living people
Australian men's basketball players
Australian Institute of Sport basketball players
Brisbane Bullets players
Cairns Taipans players
Canberra Cannons players
Hunter Pirates players
North Melbourne Giants players
Perth Wildcats players
South Dragons players
South East Melbourne Magic players
Wollongong Hawks players
Guards (basketball)
Basketball players from Melbourne
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)
Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)

The Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at the Brands Hatch circuit in Kent, United Kingdom between 1965 and 1979, and again in 1983. It often attracted high quality entries from the Formula One World Championship. The first race was won by Mike Spence. The last running of the event was the last non-championship Formula One race (excluding the Formula One Indoor Trophy sprint event) and was won by reigning World Champion Keke Rosberg in a Williams-Cosworth after a tight battle with F1 rookie, American driver Danny Sullivan in a Tyrrell-Cosworth.

Winners of the Race of Champions

By Year 

† Formula 5000 car

External links 

 
Formula One non-championship races

it:Race of Champions
Ajax Attack

The Ajax Attack were a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Ajax, Ontario, Canada.  They were a part of the Central Canadian Hockey League.  They used to be known as the Axemen.  In the Summer of 2010, the Attack merged with the Pickering Panthers and left Ajax.

History
The team originated as a member of the Central Junior C Hockey League in 1986.  In 1991 they made the jump to the Central Junior "B" league, despite limited success in the Central Junior "C" league, and stayed with the league in 1993 when it became the OPJHL.  Since 1987, the Attack have only had one winning season and two .500 records.

After the 2004-05 season, one of the worst seasons in OPJHL history, the Axemen changed their name to the Attack.  Despite their name change, their woes continued in 2005-06 finishing out of the playoffs in a league that allows 32 teams into their playoffs every year.  In 2006-07, the Attack managed to make the playoffs with a wildcard spot, but bowed out in the first round. In 07/08 the Attack failed to make the post season posting a 12-34-3 and again it was very frustrating year for the franchise.

Season-by-season results

Notable alumni
Brian Elliott
Matt Johnson
Mike Kostka

 Brett McConnachie
 Tyler Mcgregor

External links
Attack Website

Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League teams
1986 establishments in Ontario
2010 disestablishments in Ontario
Ajax, Ontario
Ice hockey clubs established in 1986
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 2010
Lyretail damselfish

The lyretail damselfishes are fishes in the genus Neopomacentrus in the family Pomacentridae. They are all marine coastal fishes but N. taeniurus and N. aquadulcis are known to occur in brackish waters, and even in pure fresh water.

Species
Neopomacentrus anabatoides (Silver demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1847)    
Neopomacentrus aquadulcis (Sweetwater demoiselle) Jenkins and Allen, 2002    
Neopomacentrus azysron (Yellowtail demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1877)    
Neopomacentrus bankieri (Chinese demoiselle) (Richardson, 1846)
Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Regal demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1856)  
Neopomacentrus fallax (Violet damsel) (Peters, 1855)  
Neopomacentrus filamentosus (Brown demoiselle) (Macleay, 1882)    
Neopomacentrus fuliginosus (African demoiselle) (Smith, 1960)  
Neopomacentrus metallicus (Metallic demoiselle) (Jordan and Seale, 1906)    
Neopomacentrus miryae (Miry's demoiselle) Dor and Allen, 1977    
Neopomacentrus nemurus (Coral demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1857)    
Neopomacentrus sindensis (Arabian demoiselle) (Day, 1873)    
Neopomacentrus sororius (Twin demoiselle) Randall and Allen, 2005    
Neopomacentrus taeniurus (Freshwater demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1856) 
Neopomacentrus violascens (Violet demoiselle) (Bleeker, 1848)    
Neopomacentrus xanthurus (Red Sea demoiselle) Allen and Randall, 1980

References

 

Pomacentridae
Taxa named by Gerald R. Allen
Phanomsok

Phanomsok was a town in Thailand in Phanomsok Province. In 1906, Phanomsok and three other Thai provinces were ceded to French Indochina. it is now located in Oddar Meanchey province Cambodia.

See also
Phanomsok Province

Towns in Cambodia
Populated places in Oddar Meanchey province