alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Texas State Highway 27

State Highway 27 is located in Kerr and Kendall counties and runs parallel to Interstate 10.

History
 SH 27 was a route proposed in late July 1917 to run from Ft. Stockton to El Paso. On March 18, 1918, a section from San Antonio to Sonora was added. On August 21, 1923, it became one continuous route from San Antonio to Balmorhea. Everything west of Balmorhea became a portion of SH 3. The section from Kerrville to Bandera was cancelled, and the section from Bandera to San Antonio was renumbered as part of SH 81. SH 27 was rerouted southeast to Boerne replacing a portion of SH 41. In 1927, it was cosigned with U.S. Highway 290. On May 20, 1931, SH 27 was extended west over a portion of SH 3, which was rerouted. On June 20, 1933 (map was on June 15), the western portion was reassigned northwest from Ft. Stockton, replacing SH 192 and the northern portion of SH 17, while the old alignment between Ft. Stockton and west of Balmorhea renumbered as SH 196. SH 27 also extended southeast to Port O'Connor, replacing portions of SH 81 and SH 29.  In 1934, SH 27 was no longer cosigned with US 290 (which was rerouted) east of near Junction but was still cosigned with it from Junction to Ft. Stockton. The section from Fort Stockton to New Mexico was codesignated with U.S. Route 285 by 1934. The section from San Antonio to Port Lavaca was codesignated with U.S. Route 87. On September 26, 1939, all cosigned sections were removed in favor of their U.S. Highway designations, the section from Port Lavaca to SH 185 was redesignated as an extension of SH 238, and the section from SH 185 to Port O'Connor was redesignated as an extension of SH 185. On March 18, 1975, the section from Junction to Mountain Home was removed as it was replaced by I-10.

Route description
SH 27 begins at exit 488 on I-10 in Kerr County north of the town of Mountain Home.  The highway heads southeast and east from I-10 to an intersection with SH 41 in Mountain Home.  The highway continues to the southeast, generally paralleling to the south of I-10, to an intersection with RM 479.  It continues heading southeast until it reaches an intersection with SH 39 in Ingram.  From this intersection, SH 27 heads east towards Kerrville.  In Kerrville, the highway has intersections with FM 1338 and RM 783 before a junction with SH 16.  As the highway leaves Kerrville, it passes by Kerrville Municipal Airport.  SH 27 begins to head to the east as it enters
Center Point, where it has an intersection with RM 480.  The highway continues on to the east with a slight turn to the northeast as it enters Comfort.  The highway intersects RM 473 and US 87 in Comfort.  It has a short concurrency with US Bus 87 until SH 27 ends at an interchange with I-10 southeast of Comfort.

Major intersections

References

027
027
Transportation in Kerr County, Texas
Transportation in Kendall County, Texas
Agathla Peak

Agathla Peak or Agathlan (, ) is a peak south of Monument Valley, Arizona, which rises over  above the surrounding terrain. It is  north of Kayenta and is visible from U.S. Route 163. The English designation Agathla is derived from the Navajo name  meaning 'much wool', apparently for the fur of antelope and deer accumulating on the rock. The mountain is considered sacred by the Navajo.

Agathla Peak is an eroded volcanic plug consisting of volcanic breccia cut by dikes of an unusual igneous rock called minette. It is one of many such volcanic diatremes that are found in Navajo country of northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. Agathla Peak and Shiprock in New Mexico are the most prominent. These rocks are part of the Navajo Volcanic Field, in the southern Colorado Plateau. Ages of these minettes and associated more unusual igneous rocks cluster near 25 million years.

Climbing history 

Rock climbing is not currently allowed on Agathla Peak and surrounding Navajo Nation lands; however, in 1949 there were no such restrictions, and the first known ascent of the peak was done on May 29, 1949, by Ray Garner, Herb Conn, and Lee Pedrick. 
The climbers followed what is now called "West Face" route (), which is 550 feet long, and they brought over 70 pounds of climbing equipment including: 50 pitons, 40 tamp-in bolts (plus two sets of drills, tamp tools and hammers), 15 carabiners, four 120-foot nylon ropes, and twelve quarts of water. The climbing took a whole day and they had to spend the night on the top before descending the next day.

See also

 Owl Rock
 Chaistla Butte

References

Further reading

External links

 
 
 Agathla Peak Peakware, World Mountain Encyclopedia.

Colorado Plateau
Diatremes of Arizona
Landforms of Navajo County, Arizona
Religious places of the indigenous peoples of North America
Oligocene volcanism
Sacred mountains
Volcanic plugs of Arizona
Geography of the Navajo Nation
Mountains of Navajo County, Arizona
Volcanoes of Arizona
Glades culture

The Glades culture is an archaeological culture in southernmost Florida that lasted from about 500 BCE until shortly after European contact. Its area included the Everglades, the Florida Keys, the Atlantic coast of Florida north through present-day Martin County and the Gulf coast north to Marco Island in Collier County. It did not include the area around Lake Okeechobee, which was part of the Belle Glade culture.

Two, or possibly three, areas at the extremities of the cultural area are recognized as variant districts: the Ten Thousand Islands district in southern coastal Collier County and northern Monroe County, the East Okeechobee district in eastern Martin and Palm Beach counties, and, with less certainty, the Florida Keys. At the time of first European contact, the Ten Thousand Islands district was part of the Calusa domain, the East Okeechobee district was occupied by the Jaega tribe, and the area of Broward and Miami-Dade counties was occupied by the Tequesta tribe. The inhabitants of the Florida Keys were called Matecumbes by the Spanish, but it is not clear how distinct they were from the Tequesta.

The Glades culture is defined almost entirely on the basis of pottery. Much of the pottery throughout the Glades culture period was undecorated.  It is identified as Glades primarily by the character of the sand and grit included in the clay used to form the pottery. Pots decorated with puncture marks and incisions appeared after 500, but were not very common. Decorated pots disappeared from the record in about 1100. Pots with a new type of incised decoration appeared about 1200 and lasted for about 200 years. Pottery attributed to the St. Johns culture started appearing in the archeological record after that. On the basis of pottery sequences, the Glades culture period is divided into Glades I, 500 BCE to 750 CE, Glades II, 900 to 1200, and Glades III, 1200 to 1513.

See also
Indigenous people of the Everglades region

Notes

References
 

State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. "Chapter 12. South and Southeast Florida: The Everglades Region, 2500 B.P.-Contact". Historic Contexts. Version of 9-27-93. Downloaded from  on March 27, 2006

Post-Archaic period in North America
Mound Builders
Native American history of Florida
Native American tribes in Florida
Archaeological cultures of North America
6th-century BC establishments
1513 disestablishments in North America
Dean Kruse

Dean V. Kruse (born 1941) is an American former auctioneer. He is also the former owner and CEO of Kruse International. Kruse started working in the local auction business founded by his father, Russell W. Kruse, and soon became the company's president. Known to many as the "Dean of Auctioneers," Kruse was once a well-respected member of the collector car hobby.

A 1957 graduate of the Reppert School of Auctioneering in Decatur, Indiana, Kruse cried his 5,000th auction in  Houston in 1987, and is reportedly one of the youngest men to even attain that goal.

Kruse is a former Indiana State Senator. He was elected as a Democrat at the age of 25, in an election that maintained party control over that body, and served from 1966 to 1970. He is a past president of the Indiana Auctioneer's Association, and was elected as a member of their hall of fame, along with his father Russell and brother Dennis Kruse.

Dean was responsible for negotiating the purchase of his auction company in 1999 by online auctioneer eBay which paid $275 million for Kruse International and Billpoint. The company was purchased back from eBay by Dean Kruse in 2002. Kruse used part of the money he received from eBay to start two museums in Auburn; the World War II Victory Museum and the Kruse Automotive Horse Power and Carriage Museum.

On May 25, 2010, the Indiana Auctioneer Commission suspended Kruse's auctioneer's license for two years and permanently revoked the license of his company, Kruse, Inc., after receiving complaints that he had been failing to pay those who sold items through his auctions.

References

External links
Kruse International
World War II Victory Museum
Kruse Automotive Horse Power and Carriage Museum

Indiana state senators
Living people
1941 births
People from Auburn, Indiana
American auctioneers
20th-century American businesspeople
Miss America's Teen

Miss America's Teen is an American scholarship pageant. It is the sister program to the Miss America Opportunity, and it aims to "promote scholastic achievement, creative accomplishment, healthy living and community involvement for America's teens." In order to be eligible to compete, participants must first compete and win at the local level and then win the state title. The competition consists of several parts of competition which consists of an eight-minute interview in front of a panel of judges, talent, lifestyle and wellness, evening wear, and an on-stage question. All competitors must be girls between the ages of 13 and 18 years of age.

More than $113,000 in scholarship grants were distributed among the 51 contestants in the pageant along with $29 Million in in-kind tuition with 7 universities, with a $30,000 scholarship being awarded to the winner. The chairwoman for the Miss America's Outstanding Teen program is Miss America CEO, Robin Fleming.

The current titleholder is Morgan Greco of Washington who was crowned on August 12, 2022 at the Hyatt Regency in Dallas, Texas.

In January of 2023, the official name of the pageant was changed from Miss America’s Outstanding Teen, to Miss America’s Teen.

History
The first competition was held in August 2005 in the Linda W. Chapin Theater at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida. Meghan Miller, who represented Texas, was the first to win the competition.

Winners

Winners by state

See also
Miss Teen USA 
Miss Teenage America 
Miss Teen America 
Distinguished Young Women (formerly America's Junior Miss)

References

External links 
[https://www.missamerica.org/teen/
Official Miss America's Teen web site]

 
Annual events in Florida
Beauty pageants for youth
Skeezer Pleezer

Skeezer Pleezer is the second album by the American musical group UTFO, released in 1986 on Select Records. The most notable song was "Split Personality," a paean to dissociative identity disorder. The album was produced by Full Force.

Critical reception

Robert Christgau praised the "cheerfully amoral anticrime versifying of 'Just Watch'."

The Rolling Stone Album Guide opined that "the attempts at singing ... are flat-out disasters." AllMusic noted that UTFO "were essentially already in stylistic retreat as the gimmick tag they picked up for the success of 'Roxanne, Roxanne' was proving difficult to shake."

Track listing
"Just Watch"
"Where Did You Go?"
"We Work Hard"
"Kangol & Doc"
"The House Will Rock"
"Split Personality"
"Pick Up the Pace"
"Bad Luck Barry"
(untitled hidden track)

References

UTFO albums
1986 albums
Select Records albums
Albums produced by Full Force
Ikejime

or  is a method of killing fish which maintains the quality of its meat. The technique originated in Japan, but is now in widespread use. It involves the insertion of a spike quickly and directly into the hindbrain, usually located slightly behind and above the eye, thereby causing immediate brain death. After spiking the brain, a thin needle or piece of wire is inserted into the spinal column to prevent any further muscle movement. When spiked correctly, the fish fins flare and the fish relaxes, immediately ceasing all motion. Destroying the brain and the spinal cord of the fish will prevent reflex action from happening; such muscle movements would otherwise consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscle, and as a result produce lactic acid and ammonia, making the fish sour, soggy and less tasteful. Furthermore, the blood contained in the fish flesh retracts to the gut cavity, which produces a better coloured and flavoured fillet, and prolongs shelf life. This method is considered to be the fastest and most humane method of killing fish. -killed fish is sought-after by restaurants as it also allows the fish to develop more umami when aged.

It is very similar to the technique used on frogs in laboratories called spiking or pithing.

Another technique in APEC Air shipment of live and fresh fish and seafood guidelines is described as follows: "A cut is made toward the front of the flatfish severing the major artery and the spinal cord. Placement of the cut is made to preserve the greatest amount of flatfish flesh. This paralyzes the flatfish. A second cut is made in the tail to hasten the removal of blood. Flatfish are then chilled slowly to maintain circulation and facilitate the bleeding process. After the flatfish have been bled, they are transferred to a salt/ice water slurry and chilled to −12°C."

 has been successfully used manually in the tuna and yellowtail industries, along with limited use in sport and game fishing, as it provides a rapid slaughter technique. An alternative to death by exsanguination,  is used and the fish put straight into ice or flash freezing.

References

Further reading
 FAO: Care of the catch 
 Comparison of Common Slaughter Methods for Farmed Finfish Seafood innovations.
 Angus L, Malcolmson L and Nicolson A  (1995) Improving the Quality of Farmed Salmon by "Iki Jime" Harvesting Fisheries Development Note, North Atlantic Fisheries College.

Smart, Alastair Fish Welfare at Harvest: Killing Me Softly in Welfare underwater: issues with aquatic animals, Proceedings of the 2004 RSPCA Australia Scientific Seminarheld at the Telstra Theatre, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 26 February 2004, pp. 25-27

External links
 Humane killing database www.ikijime.com
 Humane Killing of Live Seafood Western Australia Department of Fisheries.
 Preparing fish FISH.govt.au.
 Japanese Food Report 
 About Ikijime & nerve removal 
 Iki-jime Poster - Phone App 

Fishing equipment
Japanese cuisine terms
Animal killing
Website tracking

Website tracking refers to the act of archiving existing websites and tracking changes to the website over time.  Many applications exist for website tracking which can be applied to many different purposes.

Website monitoring 

Website monitoring allows interested parties to track the health of a website or web application.  A software program can periodically check to see if a website is down, if broken links exist, or if errors have occurred on specific pages. For example, a web developer who hosts and maintains a website for a customer may want to be notified instantly if the site goes down or if a web application returns an error.

Monitoring the web is a critical component for marketing, sales and product support strategies. Over the past decade transactions on the web have significantly multiplied the use of dynamic web page, secure web sites and integrated search capabilities which requires tracking of user behavior on web sites.

Website change detection 

Website change detection allows interested parties to be alerted when a website has changed. A web crawler can periodically scan a website to see if any changes have occurred since its last visit.  Reasons to track website changes include:

 Enhanced automations :
 Triggering in Event-driven programming
 Updating dependent automations (such as screen scraping programs)
 Link rot mitigation
 Change trend monitoring
 Triggering human actions :
 Analyst classifications
 Updating documentation
 Competitive monitoring
 Compliance monitoring
 Enforcement monitoring
 Investigation monitoring

Web press clippings 

This is a parallel application to the offline business of press clippings. For web press clippings, a crawler needs to scour the Internet to find terms that match keywords the clipping service is looking for. So for instance, the Vice President of the United States may have staff looking at web press clippings to see what is being said about the Vice President on any given day.  To do this, a web press clipping service (aka Media monitoring service) needs to monitor mainstream websites as well as blogs.
 ereleases.com provides a list of web press clipping services
 Google Alerts and OnWebChange.com provide notifications when keywords are found in newly indexed web content
 RSS feeds can often be used in this case since these are the areas in which relevant content will be found.

Website archiving 

This type of service archives a website so that changes to the website over time can be seen. Unless archived, older versions of a website cannot be viewed and may be lost permanently.  Fortunately there is at least one web service (see Internet Archive) that tracks changes to most websites for free. Past information about a company can therefore be gleaned from this type of service, which can be very useful in some circumstances.

References

External links 
 Internet Archive, nonprofit organization

Web archiving
Network management
Website management
Oriental flying gurnard

Dactyloptena orientalis, known commonly as the Oriental flying gurnard or purple flying gurnard among other vernacular names, is a species of marine fish in the family Dactylopteridae. Their name is derived from the French word 'gurnard' meaning to grunt, for the grunting sound this fish makes.

Description
The oriental flying gurnard can grow to  in length but its common size is about . It has a broad head with a blunt snout and the eyes are set a long way apart. It has a heavily armoured robust body. The dorsal fin has seven spines and nine soft rays while the anal fin has no spines and six to seven soft rays. The huge, rounded pectoral fins having many dark spots and wavy streaks and a bright blue edge. Each ray has a feeler-like extension on the tip. This fish is well camouflaged with a grayish brown base color with dark brown or black markings on its head and body.

Distribution and habitat
The Oriental flying gurnard is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region including the Red Sea. Its range extends from the coasts of East Africa to Polynesia and the western, northern and eastern coasts of Australia. It is found on the seabed in bays and estuaries and sandy areas, most often at depths of about  but sometimes as deep as .

Behavior
The pectoral fins are normally held against the body, but when threatened the fins are expanded to startle potential predators which may include sea breams and mackerel.  The flying gurnard uses its pelvic fins to walk along the bottom of the ocean.

The oriental flying gurnard feeds on small bony fish, bivalves, and crustaceans.

Gallery

References

External links

 

Dactylopteridae
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Fish described in 1829
Fish of Hawaii
The Bags (Massachusetts band)

The Bags are an American hard/punk rock band from Lexington, Massachusetts, formed in 1985. The band is composed of members Jon Hardy, Jim Janota, and Crispin Wood. Though a couple of early recordings were released on the Crawling from Within multi-artist compilation, their debut album, entitled Rock Starve, was released in 1987. An article by Charles M. Young written in Playboy magazine best describes the band's sound: "The Bags fall somewhere among the Ramones, Hüsker Dü, and early KISS. Their debut, Rock Starve, consists of thrilling guitar-bash riffs that pound like the sound of a herd of giant woolly mammoths going over a cliff, just enough melody rasping though shredded vocal cords and lyrics wholly unbesmirched by any panty-waist college-poetry influence."

The band began touring in 1988, releasing an album under the alias of "Swamp Oaf" and later releasing an actual self-titled LP. The Bags won the WBCN Rock 'n' Roll Rumble in 1989. Their next album, Night of the Corn People, came in 1991, though the band broke up shortly thereafter. Though having gone their separate ways for over a decade (discounting a single reunion show in 1996), they reassembled in 2003 to page their latest achievement, Sharpen Your Sticks, one track of which ("Cavemen Rejoice") eventually found its way onto the PlayStation 2 game, Guitar Hero.  Later, in April 2007, The Bags released a follow-up to Sharpen Your Sticks: the 14-track opus, Mount Rockmore. This latest original album was produced by Carl Plaster (Sebadoh, Buffalo Tom, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, etc.).

Jim Janota (aka Jackie Kickassis) is also a member of the Hard Rocque outfit The Upper Crust.

Discography

Singles
"I Know" / "Hide and Seek" (Mar. 1989, Stanton Park) 7" vinyl 45
"L. Frank Baum" / "Max Roach" (June 1991, Stanton Park) 7" vinyl 45
"Dr. Lb." / "Frilly Underwear" (Aug. 1991, Helter Skelter) 7" vinyl 45
"2 Songs Live" ("Ivan the Terrible" / "Hide and Seek") (June 2004, Oaf Records) a CD single featuring live versions of the two tracks, recorded at Middle East Downstairs during a comeback tour in Feb., 2004

Albums
Rock Starve (Nov. 1987, Restless Records)
Swamp Oaf (June 1989, Stanton Park)
The Bags
(Mar. 1990, Stanton Park) the original, untitled LP
(2008, Oaf Records) a CD version, entitled The Bags '89, which also features 1989 Stanton Park single ("I Know"/"Hide and Seek"), and a couple of previously unreleased tracks
Night of the Corn People
(Aug. 1991, Stanton Park) a CD featuring the main album, the "Waiting for Maloney" opus, and the "Dr. Lb."/"Frilly Underwear" single
(Jan. 1992, Helter Skelter) a colored-vinyl Double-LP release featuring the above, but with five unreleased tracks added instead of the single's
Sharpen Your Sticks (Feb. 2005, Oaf Records)
Mount Rockmore (April 2007, Oaf Records)

References

External links
The Bags' Official Website

Hard rock musical groups from Massachusetts
Musical groups established in 1985
Restless Records artists
1985 establishments in Massachusetts
Kimberly, Arkansas

The ghost town of Kimberly, a sparsely inhabited area on the south side of Murfreesboro, Arkansas, began in late 1908 as an ill-fated land-development project spanning almost .  At the time, the recently discovered Arkansas diamond field was still generating a speculative heyday, and the enterprising property owner, Millard M. (M. M.) Mauney, envisioned a dynamic settlement based upon a future mining industry.  His location was perfect.  The diamond field lay only a half-mile away.   The planned extension of a railroad into Murfreesboro from the southwest would cut through Kimberly, facilitating investments and development.

Opening ceremony
On the weekend of January 22–23, 1909, Mauney and associates staged the opening ceremony for the grand venture.  Helping stir publicity, the discoverer of the diamond field, "Diamond John" Huddleston, was on hand to buy Lot No. 1 for a token $70.

Buildings
In 1909–1910, the promoters secured a few wood-frame businesses, including a small bank, a compact three-story hotel, and a little general store.  There were also plans for a large business center featuring a club "for the entertainment and accommodation of those interested in the diamond lands, and [for] prospectors who may visit that section."  Meanwhile, speculative investors bought a considerable number of residential lots.

End of the venture
Mauney's success, however, depended upon commercial testing at the main diamond field and at similar volcanic deposits nearby, and failure was assured as commercial yields constantly proved elusive.  In February 1910, local investors abandoned the idea of building the club and adjacent business complex.  As activity continued dwindling, the venture formally ended in July 1911.

Return to agriculture
Eventually, Mauney's heirs recovered full ownership of almost all the property he had dedicated to the project.  The few buildings were removed, and almost all the platted Kimberly township reverted to agricultural land.  Contrary to a recurring description, there is no "ghost town".

Kimberly today
Today, the former Kimberly addition consists of about a dozen modern homes along State Highway 301 - the "Diamond Mine Road" which passes through Crater of Diamonds State Park.

References
 Banks, Dean, Arkansas Diamonds: Dreams, Myths, and Reality, Online edition, copyright 2006, available at 

Geography of Pike County, Arkansas
Ghost towns in Arkansas
Fish and brewis

Fish and brewis (pronounced "brews") is a traditional Newfoundland meal consisting of cod and hard bread or hard tack. With the abundance of cod around the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador it became synonymous with many Newfoundland households as a delicacy to be served as a main meal.

The recipe varies between communities and households, but the primary ingredients are always the same. The typical recipe calls for salt fish that is soaked in water overnight to reduce the salt content of the fish, and hard bread that is also soaked in water overnight. The next day, the fish and hard bread are boiled separately until tender, and then both are served together.

Variations
The traditional meal is served with scrunchions, salted pork fat which has been cut into small pieces and fried. Both the rendered fat and the liquid fat are then drizzled over the fish and brewis.

Fisherman's brewis is the same as fish and brewis, but the fish and bread are chopped while hot and mixed together with the scrunchions, and often fresh cod is used instead of salt cod.

Drawn butter is sometimes used instead of scrunchions. Drawn butter in this instance is a mixture of melted butter and chopped onions that is thickened into a roux by adding flour in a saucepan, then served hot over the fish and hard bread.

In some Nova Scotia households, a similar dish is known as "salt cod and pork scraps", where the mixture can also be served on a plate next to a mound of plain boiled potatoes and carrots or turnip. The potatoes often substitute for the hard bread. Fresh chopped onion in vinegar is served as an accompaniment.

History
The meal was originally developed by sailors who were often at sea for so long that few fresh ingredients were able to withstand such lengthy trips. Fish and brewis became a crew favorite. The idea that sailors called the hardtack or sea biscuit brewis (pronounced 'brews') because of their practice of bruising or breaking up the bread into bite-size pieces is a false etymology, and it has been argued more convincingly that the word "brewis" dates back to Middle English, originally referred to bread soaked in fat or dripping and is cognate with brose. A variant of brewis is found in Wales.

References

Cuisine of Newfoundland and Labrador
Fish dishes
Food combinations
Cod dishes
Canadian fish dishes
NSNA

NSNA may refer to:
 National Student Nurses' Association, a U.S. nonprofit organization
 Never Say Never Again, a James Bond film
Michelle Triola Marvin

Michelle Triola (November 13, 1932 – October 30, 2009) was an American actress notable for unsuccessfully suing actor Lee Marvin in 1977, having cohabited with him from 1965 to 1970. The trial, which brought about the concept of palimony, was widely covered in the media at the time. During this time, she was Michelle Triola Marvin, having legally changed her name to add Marvin's surname to her own. She was represented by attorney Marvin Mitchelson.

Personal life and career 
Triola was born in Los Angeles. She never had children. She lived with actor Dick Van Dyke from 1976 until her death in 2009.

Triola was married to actor Skip Ward for six months from November 1961 to June 1962.

Triola majored in theater arts at UCLA. She was a lounge singer and dancer. She danced in the original 1958 Broadway production of Flower Drum Song, directed by Gene Kelly. Her film acting career consisted of minor roles, including a stand-in in Lee Marvin's 1965 film Ship of Fools and a guest role on the Dick Van Dyke television series Diagnosis: Murder.

Suing Lee Marvin 
Although she and Marvin never married, Triola sought financial compensation similar to that available to spouses under California's alimony and community property laws. The result was the landmark case Marvin v Marvin, 18 Cal. 3d 660 (1976). The Supreme Court of California held that Triola could proceed with her suit, as it did state a cause of action and the trial court erred in granting judgment to Marvin on the pleadings.

The case went to trial. On April 18, 1979, Judge Arthur K. Marshall ordered Marvin to pay $104,000 to Triola for "rehabilitation purposes", but denied her community property claim for one half of the $3.6 million which Marvin had earned during their six years of cohabitation. Both sides claimed victory, but in August 1981, the California Court of Appeal ruled that Triola could not show any contract between her and Marvin to justify any payment to her. As a result, Triola received no money from Marvin.

Death 
In April 2008, she underwent surgery for lung cancer. The cancer caused her death on October 30, 2009, at the home she shared with Van Dyke. She was 76 years old.

References

External links 
 
 

1932 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Deaths from lung cancer in California
Actresses from Greater Los Angeles
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women
Tin Duties Act 1838

The Tin Duties Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 120, also known as the Coinage Abolition Act 1838) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which abolished the tin coinage taxation system of the tin mines in Cornwall and Devon, and authorized instead an annual payment to the Duke of Cornwall to compensate for this loss of revenue. The Act also compensated the officers who collected the tax. Until that time Cornwall paid 4 shillings per hundredweight of coined tin, Devon 1 shilling d.

This compensation of £16,216 was received by successive dukes until 1983, when the Act was repealed by the Miscellaneous Financial Provisions Act 1983. This repeal makes it theoretically legal for a separate Cornish tax to be re-instituted by the Duke of Cornwall, under the provisions of the Charter of the Duchy of Cornwall, although any revenue gained in this way would not be personal income of the Duke, but rather be understood as revenue of the Duchy as a territorial entity (see Constitutional status of Cornwall).

Overpayment invoice
According to their website, on 15 May 2000, the Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament sent an invoice to the Duchy of Cornwall for the sum of £20,067,900,000 claiming recovery of alleged overcharged taxation on tin production by the Duchy of Cornwall. The claim was based on the higher taxation (or "coinage") rates levied on Cornish tin compared to that mined in Devon. In order to calculate the bill, historical production figures were derived from a privately-published undergraduate thesis of 1908. The CSP document claims a racial motive for overcharging Celtic Cornwall.

See also

Mining in Cornwall and Devon

References 

1838 in British law
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1838
History of Cornwall
History of Devon
Tin mining
19th century in Cornwall
19th century in Devon
BF42

BF42 may refer to:

Battlefield 1942
Battlefield 2042
Battlefield 2142
Lois scélérates

The lois scélérates ("villainous laws") – a pejorative name – were a set of three French laws passed from 1893 to 1894 under the Third Republic (1870–1940) that restricted the 1881 freedom of the press laws, after several bombings and assassination attempts carried out by anarchist proponents of "propaganda of the deed".

Overview
The first law was passed on December 11, 1893, two days after Auguste Vaillant's bombing of the National Assembly on December 9, 1893 (slight injuries to twenty deputies).  It condemned advocacy of any crime as being itself a crime, which permitted the state to repress most of the anarchist press.

The second law was passed on December 18, 1893, and condemned any person directly or indirectly involved in a propaganda of the deed act, even if no killing was effectively carried out.

The last law was passed on July 28, 1894, and condemned any person or newspaper using anarchist propaganda (and, by extension, libertarian socialists who were current or former members of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA)):

Thus, free speech and encouraging propaganda of the deed or antimilitarism were severely restricted. Some people were condemned to prison for rejoicing at the 1894 assassination of French president Sadi Carnot by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio.

The term has since entered popular language to designate any harsh or unjust laws, in particular anti-terrorism legislation which often broadly represses whole social movements.

See also 
 Anti-terrorism legislation
 Anti-Socialist Laws passed in Germany in 1878
 French Third Republic (1870–1940)
 Propaganda of the deed
 Trial of the Thirty (1894)

References 

1893 in law
Anti-anarchism
Emergency laws in France
French Third Republic
Law of France
History of anarchism
Terrorism laws
Texas State Highway 33

State Highway 33 is a route that runs from U.S. Highways 60 and 83 south of Canadian and travels east to the Oklahoma state line, where it becomes State Highway 33.

Previous routes
 SH 33 was originally proposed on November 19, 1917, from El Paso to the New Mexico state line. On December 18, 1917, an intercounty highway was designated from Amarillo to Higgins. On September 5, 1918, SH 33 was extended southwest to the Mexico border. On October 21, 1918, another intercounty highway was designated from Farwell to Canyon. On March 19, 1919, another section of SH 33 was added from the New Mexico state line through Amarillo northeast through Panhandle then east through Wheeler and into Oklahoma, replacing the intercounty highway from Farwell to Canyon and the section of the intercounty highway from Amarillo to Pampa. This section was proposed as SH 13 until November 19, 1917, when SH 13 was rerouted off of this proposed road. On November 27, 1922, SH 33 was rerouted over SH 33A so that it went northeast from Pampa to the Oklahoma state line near Higgins. The section from Pampa via Wheeler to the Oklahoma state line was cancelled. In 1926, it was cosigned with US 366 southwest of Amarillo. By 1928, it was cosigned with US 164 northeast of Amarillo. By 1933, it was still under construction. Both US 366 and US 164 became part of an extended US 60. On November 24, 1936, SH 33 Loop was designated in Bovina. On September 26, 1939, SH 33 had been cancelled, as the entire northern section was part of US 60 and the southern section was part of US 54. SH 33 Loop was renumbered as Loop 47. SH 33 was reassigned on October 26, 1954, when SH 170 was renumbered as SH 33 to match Oklahoma.

 SH 33A was originally a spur route of SH 33, splitting off in Pampa, and travelling northeast next to the a rail route. It was designated as an intercounty highway west of Higgins on December 18, 1917, and the intercounty highway was extended east to the Oklahoma state line on September 5, 1919, but was changed to a state highway, SH 33A, on January 17, 1921. On November 27, 1922, it had been renumbered as the main route.  On February 17, 1925, it had been moved to a new route from Pampa via Wheeler to the Oklahoma state line. On September 21, 1925, the section from Wheeler to Oklahoma was cancelled. On August 1, 1929, it had been moved to a new route from Miami to Mobeetie. On February 26, 1930, it was rerouted to go west to Pampa instead of Miami, and it was extended east to Wheeler. On March 19, 1930, it was renumbered as SH 152.

 SH 33B was a proposed route from Clarendon north through Pampa, and continuing north into Oklahoma. It was designated as an intercounty highway on June 21, 1920, but was changed to a state highway, SH 33B, on January 17, 1921. The route was cancelled on November 27, 1922. On February 19, 1923, it was restored, but only from Pampa to Oklahoma. On August 21, 1923, the route had been renumbered as SH 88 (now SH 70), which was re-extended to Clarendon.

Junction list

References

033
Transportation in Hemphill County, Texas
Sharpen Your Sticks

Sharpen Your Sticks is the fifth album by The Bags. The album's title track, "Cavemen Rejoice", is also featured as a playable track on PlayStation 2 music game, Guitar Hero.

Track listing

2005 albums
Thunder Lake Provincial Park

Thunder Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park located in Alberta, Canada, and is located  west of Edmonton, on the shore of the park features setting for boating, water-skiing, swimming, running, fishing and camping. Thunder lake is approximately  West of the nearest town, Barrhead.

The park is located on the north-western shore of Thunder Lake. The lake itself has a total water surface of  and reaches a maximum depth of . The main fish found are Northern Pike.

See also
List of provincial parks in Alberta
List of Canadian provincial parks
List of National Parks of Canada

References

External links
Thunder Lake. Albert Tourism, Parks and Recreation.

County of Barrhead No. 11
Provincial parks of Alberta
List of revenues of Darius I of Persia

A List of Revenues of the Darius I, Great King of Persia, is reported by Greek Historian Herodotus c 480 BC.  This serves to show the greatness of Darius and the Persian empire, show who was paying tribute to the empire and how much they were capable of paying.

A talent of silver was a considerable sum of money, but making exact conversions to modern currency is problematical at best.  Further compounding the problem are differences in how weights were measured.

Annual tribute (in silver talents)

References

Sources
 Herodotus III. 90-96 and cf. A. R. Burn, Persia & the Greeks (New York, 1962), pp. 123–126.

Darius the Great
Government of the Achaemenid Empire
Klaus Ernst

Klaus Ernst (born 1 November 1954 in Munich) is a left-wing German politician and was a leading member of the Labour and Social Justice Party and now The Left. The certified political economist has served as a member of The Left in the Bundestag since 2005, and as of 2010 has been co-chairing the party together with Gesine Lötzsch.

Career 
At the age of 15 he left his home and school because of his violent father. In 1970 he found work as an electronics technician and was elected youth representative and member of the works council. In 1972 he became a member of the German Metalworkers' Union and in 1974 he took the chair of regional trade unions youth organization in Munich (until 1979) and became a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From 1979 to 1984 he studied political economy at the University of Hamburg.

After his studies he became a trade union secretary in Stuttgart, responsible for organization, educational work and social plans. In 1995 Ernst was elected plenipotentiary of the IG Metall in Schweinfurt.

He took objection to the Agenda 2010, which he considered anti-social. Instead he pleaded for the establishment of a political alliance, an electoral alternative with regard to the German federal election in 2005. In the summer of 2004 the party executive decided his expulsion from the SPD.

Ernst became chairman of the association "Wahlalternative Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit e. V." which had been founded on 3 July 2004. Later he became leader of the new founded Electoral Alternative for Labor and Social Justice, which emerged from the association.

Political opinions 

In January 2022, Ernst argued that Ukraine should maintain its neutral status rather than be admitted into NATO. He criticized halting Nord Stream 2.

References

External links 

 Website of Klaus Ernst
 Website about Klaus Ernst by IG Metall

1954 births
Living people
Politicians from Munich
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative politicians
Members of the Bundestag for Bavaria
Members of the Bundestag 2021–2025
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009
Members of the Bundestag for The Left
German trade unionists
Leaders of political parties in Germany
St. John's Day

St. John's Day may refer to:

Feasts celebrating the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist:

 January 7, an Eastern Orthodox feast
 June 24, Midsummer Day
an Eastern Orthodox feast celebrating his birth
a Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican feast celebrating his birth
Fête St-Jean-Baptiste
Festival of San Juan
Saint Jonas Day
Jaaniõhtu
Festa Junina
See also Saint John's Eve
 August 29, an Eastern Orthodox feast commemorating his beheading
 September 23
an Eastern Orthodox feast celebrating his conception
a Roman Catholic and Lutheran feast celebrating his conception
 Thout 2, a Coptic Orthodox feast
 Dehwa Daimana (Mandaean feast): 1st day of Hiṭia, the 11th month of the Mandaean calendar

Feasts celebrating John the Evangelist

 December 27, a Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican feast
 May 8, an Eastern Orthodox feast

See also 
Saint John's Day

sr:Јовањдан
Nanairo no Ashita (Brand New Beat)/Your Color

"Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat / Your Color" is BoA's nineteenth Japanese single and her fifth double A-side single. It is her first single to be released in both CD and in CD+DVD formats. The former is an upbeat pop song while the latter is a ballad, similar to her previous single, Everlasting. This is her first single released off of her fifth Japanese studio album, Made in Twenty (20).

Overview
Although Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat / Your Color didn't reach the top spot on the charts, its first week sales were the highest BoA had achieved since Do the Motion. Moreover, the long chart life which the single was able to achieve allowed it to become her 8th highest selling single to date. The single debuted at number one on its first day, however it wasn't able to secure the number one spot on the weekly charts. Instead, it debuted third on the chart. On iTunes however, the single reached the number one spot. Nanairo no Ashita reached to the number one spot on its own, while Your Color reached the number fourth spot.

Music video
BoA's Brand New Beat music video featured many scenes where she and three other female dancers were dancing and playing games with the other four male dancers. Two music videos were filmed for Brand New Beat, one was the standard version and the other was the Dance version which is similar to the standard version but with more dance segments.

Commercial endorsements
Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~ was used as the theme song in a KOSE Fasio commercial. Your Color was used as the ending theme song for Xbox 360 game Ninety-Nine Nights.
Nanairo no Ashita is also included in the special album Sweet Memories with Girls' Generation.

Track listing

CD
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat
 Your Color
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (TV Mix)
 Your Color (TV Mix)

DVD
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (PV)
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (Dance Version)

TV performances
March 31, 2006 — Music Station Spring Super Live - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"
April 3, 2006 — Hey! Hey! Hey! 500th Episode Special Live - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"
April 7, 2006 — Music Fighter - "Your Color"
April 15, 2006 — CDTV - "Your Color"
December 22, 2006 - Music Station Super Live 2006 - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"

Charts
'Oricon Sales Chart

References
https://web.archive.org/web/20090304013241/http://www.avexnet.or.jp/boa/index.html

2006 singles
BoA songs
Tim Deegan

Tim Deegan (born in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian former VJ on MuchMusic, a music television station in Canada.

Early life
Tim grew up in Oshawa east of Toronto and he attended O'Neill Collegiate and Vocational Institute, and had a part-time job at a grocery store. Tim joined a band during high school, which played handfuls of shows over southern Ontario during their high school years.  After high school Tim went to Durham College to study fire fighting. After Graduating from the fire fighting program Tim worked as a Fire Protection Officer at an automotive factory before deciding to go back to school for Wood Working. He moved to Kitchener and attended Conestoga College.

MuchMusic

Tim auditioned for the VJ Search at Fairview Park Mall in Kitchener, Ontario and eventually won the competition months later, by public vote.

In his time as a MuchMusic VJ, Tim hosted numerous shows including Much On Demand, Much Adrenaline, Much Take Over, On Set, The Shift and My Date With, as well as hosting specials like Buck Naked in Barbados, Spring Break, Hot N Wet, and the Much Music Video Awards. Tim has interviewed such bands/stars as the Jonas Brothers, Justin Bieber, Hedley, Melanie C (Spice Girls), The All American Rejects, Kesha, Katy Perry, Timbaland, Jerry Seinfeld, Sean "Diddy" Combs, 3OH!3, Boys Like Girls, and Amanda Crew.
Deegan filmed his last shift at MuchMusic on September 2, 2010.

References

External links
Tim Deegan Official Website
Tim Deegan page on MuchMusic Official website

Living people
Much (TV channel) personalities
Reality show winners
People from Oshawa
Canadian VJs (media personalities)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wing dam

A wing dam or wing dike is a man made barrier that, unlike a conventional dam, only extends partway into a river. These structures force water into a fast-moving center channel which reduces the rate of sediment accumulation, while slowing water flow near the riverbanks.

The Mississippi River in North America has thousands of wing dams which were originally constructed to reduce the amount of dredging required when the main navigation channel was maintained to at least . Since that time, additional conventional dams have been built to increase the water level in the river, doubling the depth of the navigation channel to . The wing dams still serve their purpose, but to a lesser extent than before.

While wing dams assist in assuring that rivers are navigable, they can also pose a threat to boaters. Many wing dams are often underwater and may be difficult to see, and can easily be struck by vessels. On the other hand, fishermen intentionally fish the quieter waters downstream of wing dams.

The action of wing dams is complex. Where they are installed, sediment is removed from the center of the river, but sediment is also carried further down the river where it has secondary effects. Some researchers believe that flooding is increased by wing dams; a 2013 theoretical analysis predicts that wing dams may lead to water level lowering for in-bank flows and to water level increases for out-of-bank (flood) flows.

See also
Groyne 
Weir

References

Dams by type
Water transport infrastructure
Nautical terminology