alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Executive Travel

Executive Travel magazine was an American bimonthly magazine published in New York City by Time Inc. The magazine, launched in May 2002, was published 6 times a year. Geared toward upscale executives, the magazine covered relevant topics on business, travel and affluent lifestyle. 

Executive Travel offered exclusive reach to American Express Corporate Platinum Cardmembers. The publication was initially released by American Express Publishing but was sold on October 1, 2013 to Time Inc.

On February 4, 2014 Time Inc. announced that it was to cease publishing the magazine. The final issue was the December 2013/January 2014 issue.

References

External links

Flane Travel App

2002 establishments in New York City
2014 disestablishments in New York (state)
Business magazines published in the United States
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
American Express
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Magazines published in New York City
Tourism magazines
Fort Edward station

Fort Edward station (also known as the Fort Edward–Glens Falls) is an intercity train station in Fort Edward, New York. It was originally built as a Delaware and Hudson Railroad depot in 1900, as a replacement for two earlier stations. The first was built in 1840 but was later converted into a store in 1880, the same year it was replaced with a second depot on the existing site. The third and current station has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 13, 2000. The station serves both Fort Edward and nearby Glens Falls. It has one low-level side platform to the west of the single track of the Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian Subdivision.

The station is served by Amtrak's daily Adirondack and Ethan Allen Express.  The station also is a stop on the Greater Glens Falls Transit's Hudson Falls/Fort Edward line (Route 4) providing bus service to Glens Falls and surrounding communities Monday through Saturdays, as well as seasonal "train-catcher" service to Lake George, New York.

In March 2020, all Amtrak service at the station was suspended indefinitely, with trains being truncated to Albany–Rensselaer station as part of a round of service reductions in response to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Ethan Allen Express service between New York City and Rutland, Vermont resumed on July 19, 2021. The Adirondack service between New York City and Montreal is set to resume daily operations on April 4, 2023.

, the station is occupied by Evergreen Bicycle Works.

References

External links

Amtrak stations in New York (state)
Former Delaware and Hudson Railway stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1900
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in Washington County, New York
Transportation in Capital District (New York)
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, New York
Renault Farma

The Farma, accordingly bearing the Renault logo, was produced in a variety of versions, including "passenger" and "van" types. It had a 4-cylinder 845 cc  engine and could reach a top speed of about .

Overview
A total of 4500 units were built, including the "pure jeep-type" Σ model introduced in 1983, and some minor face-lifts. The attractive car had also received a modest publicity in the European press. By 1985, the Greek law had changed affecting the market for this type of vehicles, thus making their production unprofitable. Michael and his team then worked on a new model; the much more advanced (and particularly attractive) new Farma Change was introduced in 1985. By that time, though, MAVA had scrapped the whole project and only one car, the prototype of the new model, was built.

History

MAVA Company was the Greek importer of Renault automobiles. In 1979, it decided to enter the car-production business introducing a passenger-utility car, a type then very popular in Greece for tax cetagorization reasons. MAVA assigned the creation of the car to Georgios Michael, a Greek designer credited with the design of Neorion Chicago, as well as that of several other Greek vehicles. Michael and his team completed the development and prototype construction (on Renault mechanicals) in record-time and the car, named Farma, was introduced the same year. MAVA had insisted that the car should be presented as a "Renault model" and thus the prototype was tested and approved by the French company.

See also
 Oyak-Renault
 Bulgarrenault

References

Biography
L.S. Skartsis and G.A. Avramidis, "Made in Greece", Typorama, Patras, Greece (2003)  (republished by the University of Patras Science Park, 2007)
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)
 K. Bitsikokos, "Affordable cars made in Greece", Auto Bild (Hellas), issue 22, Feb 29, 2008

External links 
Farma in "Renault rarities"
Renault concepts (in French)
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Greece
Cars of Greece
Renault
Peter Chrisp

Peter Chrisp (born 20 May 1958) is a British children's author of books on history. With over ninety books published, his various works include Blitzkrieg!, Dorling Kindersley's Ancient Egypt Revealed and Ancient Rome Revealed, The Spanish Conquests of the New World, and many more.

He first began writing history after working on the Mass-Observation archive at the University of Sussex.  He has also worked as a writer on the online project "Icons of England".

Aside from his publications in literature, he is also an artist, who has exhibited collections of his cartoons and hand-drawn postcards during Brighton Festival. In 2014, his portraits of the Magna Carta barons were displayed in an exhibition in St Edmunsbury Cathedral, and 'were very popular with visiting families and schools'. The illustrations were later displayed as a trail on bollards around the town. In 2017, his Christmas tableaux photographs, with Lisa Wolfe, were featured in The Observer, Der Spiegel, the New Zealand Stuff.co.nz news website, and Brighton's Viva magazine. In 2019, his illustrations of the diary of Thomas Turner began appearing in a monthly column, edited by Mathew Clayton, in Caught by the River.

Since 2013, Chrisp has been writing From Swerve of Shore to Bend of Bay, a blog about James Joyce's Finnegans Wake. The blog has been featured in the Irish Times, where Chrisp was described as an 'eminent Wake scholar' and 'a self-confessed Joyce obsessive'.

Bibliography

As co-author or contributor

See also

Dorling Kindersley

References 

British children's writers
British non-fiction writers
1958 births
Living people
Postcard artists
British male writers
Male non-fiction writers
Springfield Model 1840 flintlock musket

The Springfield Model 1840 was a flintlock
musket manufactured by the United States during the mid-19th century. The .69 caliber musket had a 42-inch (107 cm) barrel, an overall length of 58 inches (147 cm), and a weight of 9.8 pounds (4.4 kg). More than 30,000 were produced by the Springfield and Harpers Ferry armories and two independent contractors between 1840 and 1846 (D. Nippes and L. Pomeroy).

The Model 1840 was a minor improvement over the Springfield Model 1835, and therefore was not dramatically different from the older musket. The Model 1840 featured a longer bayonet with a clasp and a stock with a comb. The designers of the Model 1840 anticipated that the musket would eventually be rifled, and made the barrel heavier than the earlier Model 1835 accordingly. The various modifications to the Model 1840 made it slightly heavier than the Model 1835.

The Model 1840 was the last flintlock musket produced at Springfield and Harpers Ferry armories. Many were converted to percussion lock before they made it to the field. Although produced as a smoothbore musket, most of the Model 1840s had their barrels rifled later, as the designers had anticipated.

See also
 Springfield musket

References

External links

Springfield firearms
Muskets
American Civil War weapons
Weapons of the Confederate States of America
Whitehall station

Whitehall station is an Amtrak intercity train station in the village of Whitehall, New York. It is served by the Adirondack. It has one low-level side platform with a small shelter on the east side of the track.

History
The Saratoga and Washington Railroad opened from Saratoga Springs, New York to Gansevoort on August 15, 1848, and on to Whitehall on December 10. The original terminus was just north of the village center at a dock on the Poultney River - the southern tip of Lake Champlain - thus establishing the railroad as a competitor to the Champlain Canal. A  extension north to Lake Station on October 1, 1851 eliminated the need for ships to round a dangerous bend in the river.

On October 1, 1850, the railroad opened a branch from just south of Whitehall to the Vermont state line near Fair Haven. Along with its Vermont subsidiary the Rutland and Whitehall Railroad (opened on November 1) and the Rutland and Washington Railroad (opened several weeks prior), this established a through rail route between Albany, New York and Rutland, Vermont. The railroad built a brick freight house and station at the junction in 1850.

After a "complicated series of bankruptcies, reorganizations, leases, and sales", the railroads were consolidated under the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad in 1865, which in turn became part of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad (D&H) on May 1, 1871. D&H subsidiary New York and Canada Railroad opened from Lake Station to Rouses Point (where the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad connected to Montreal) on December 1, 1875, eliminating the need for Lake Station as a steamship terminal. The D&H built a new station and freight house at Whitehall in 1892-93.

In 1932, the D&H realigned its mainline through Whitehall, with a short tunnel under the village center. The relocated tracks were slightly farther from the station, and a staircase connected the platform to the building. Passenger service on the Whitehall Branch to Rutland ended on June 24, 1934. Passenger service to Whitehall ended on April 30, 1971, as Amtrak did not continue D&H passenger service when it took over intercity passenger trains the next day.

Service resumed with the introduction of the Adirondack on August 5, 1974. The former station building was demolished by intentional burning on April 28, 1987. The former freight house is in use by a local business. Construction on a new Amtrak station in the village center began in April 1994 and was completed that November 14.  Amtrak began operating the Ethan Allen Express over the Whitehall Branch on December 2, 1996; because the 1994-built station is north of the junction, the Ethan Allen Express does not stop at Whitehall.

References

External links 

Amtrak stations in New York (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in Washington County, New York
Former Delaware and Hudson Railway stations
Richard Foster

Richard Foster may refer to:

 Richard Foster (abolitionist) (1826–1901), founder of the Lincoln Institute in Jefferson City, Missouri
 Richard Foster (Alaska politician) (1946–2009), Democratic member of the Alaska House of Representatives
 Richard Foster (architect) (1919–2002), American modernist architect
 Richard Foster (Australian footballer), Australian rules footballer
 Richard Witty Foster (1856–1932), Australian politician
 Richard Foster (Royal Marines officer) (1879–1965)
 Richard Foster (Scottish footballer) (born 1985), Scottish football player
 Richard Foster (painter) (born 1945), British portrait painter
 Richard Foster (theologian) (fl. 2000s), Quaker religious leader and author
 Richard N. Foster (born 1941), managing partner, Foster Health Partners
 Richard Foster (philanthropist) (1822–1910), City of London merchant
 Richard Foster, a pen name of Kendell Foster Crossen (1910–1981), American writer

Characters
Richard Foster (The Walking Dead)

See also
 Richard Forster (disambiguation)
Art and Dotty Todd

Art and Dotty Todd were an American husband and wife singing duo, who reached the Top Ten in the UK and the US with the hits "Broken Wings" (1953) and "Chanson D'Amour" (1958).

Dotty Todd was born Doris Dabb in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, on June 22, 1913. She studied the piano from an early age, giving a piano recital at Carnegie Hall at the age of 13. She was performing at the Providence Biltmore Hotel in Rhode Island when she met Art Todd – born Arthur William Todd in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 11, 1914 – a guitarist/vocalist also playing at the Biltmore; the pair met as a result of the Biltmore accidentally booking them into the same suite. The couple married in 1941 and – after Art Todd's service in the U.S. Army, where he worked in an entertainment unit – they settled in Sherman Oaks, California, with a job at the Shadow Mountain Club in Palm Desert, California, inaugurating a career on the California lounge circuit; the Todds also eventually sang on their own radio show. The duo cut records including "Heavenly Heavenly" for RCA Victor in 1952: the single flopped, but when the song, which served as its B-side,"Broken Wings" became a hit in the UK Singles Chart for the Stargazers, the Art and Dotty Todd version had a UK release charting at No. 6 (the Stargazers' version reached No. 1, while another version by Dickie Valentine reached No. 12).

In 1958, the couple were the resident act at the Chapman Park Hotel in Los Angeles. Art Todd recalled how that year "[composer] Wayne Shanklin stopped us one day and said, 'I've got a great song for you.'" Art and Dotty cut a demo of "Chanson D'Amour" which was shopped to Era Records, who released the demo track as a single. According to Art Todd: "The airplay was just sensational. This was just at the beginning of rock 'n' roll and the old-time DJs hated rock 'n' roll and they jumped on our song."  Their version of "Chanson D'Amour" reached No. 6 in April 1958 in the US, selling over one million copies, attaining gold disc status.

Art and Dotty Todd continued to record for Era and then for Dart Records but were unable to overcome the increasing dominance of rock and roll, remaining one-hit wonders.  With "Chanson D'Amour" making the Melody Maker top 20 in the UK, a remake by the Manhattan Transfer spent three weeks at No. 1 in 1977.

The success of "Chanson D'Amour" allowed Art and Dotty Todd to pursue their nightclub career at a higher-profile level:  they regularly played the Dunes in Las Vegas, where they set a consecutive longevity record for playing one room (the Top o' the Strip) for 68 weeks (reported in Billboard magazine August 27, 1966).  In 1980 the duo relocated to Honolulu, Hawaii, where they opened their own club.

Dotty Todd died in Los Angeles on December 12, 2000, at the age of 87, three months after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.  Art Todd died on October 10, 2007, of congestive heart failure in Honolulu at the age of 93.

References

American pop music groups
Married couples
Abbott Records artists
Era Records artists
RCA Victor artists
American musical duos
Fallaid

Fallaid, in Scotland, was the dusting of meal left on the baking board, after a batch of bread has been baked. This dry meal was put on cakes when fired. An interesting custom used to prevail in the Outer Hebrides, where any meal remaining on the board would be made into a cake in the palm of the hand, and set to fire among the other and larger cakes. The custom has its origin in a superstition, that doing so keeps the store of meal from wasting. It also stems from the days when food was far less plentiful in Scotland and nothing could be wasted, except by the rich and extravagant.

See also 

 (fallaid)

Scottish folklore
Scottish cuisine
Faoilleach

or  (; in Scots and English rendered as fulteachs, futtick, furtoch, furtock, etc.) is a Scottish Gaelic term which originally referred to a certain period in the agricultural calendar and which refers to the first month of the year, January, in the modern language.

Nowadays, the term has fallen out of English and Lowland Scots, but is still used in Gaelic for the month of January specifically. It would appear to be a very old term, as it seems to come from  or  meaning a wolf, a creature which has been extinct in Scotland for centuries.

The Gael of old regarded stormy weather towards the end of January as prognostic of a fruitful season to follow, or vice versa, as shown in various proverbs.

Variations
In Lewis,  fell on the Friday nearest to three weeks before the end of January, and ended on the Tuesday nearest the end of the third week of February. It was said to be three weeks of winter, and three weeks of spring.

A shorter  consisted of the last fortnight of winter, and the first fortnight of spring, in the Old Style calendar, proverbial for its variable weather. Sometimes the first half was called  (Winter ), and the second half  (Spring ).

 is also used to mean the equinoxes according to Dwelly, presumably the vernal equinox.

In Irish, the word means February instead of January.

Proverbs
 "In , the three furrows side by side should be full of water, full of snow, and full of house thatch." (presumably referring to climate and growth)
 "For every mavis that sings in , she’ll lament seven times ere spring be over."
 "It comes on Friday and goes on Tuesday."

John Jamieson records another saying:
"they wish the  in with an adder's head, and to go out with a peacock's tail, i.e. to be stormy in the beginning, and mild towards the end."

This is very similar to the Highland sentiments.

References

  (, )
 Cassie’s Lowland Scots vocabulary
 Jamieson, John Dictionary of the (Lowland) Scots Language

Scottish folklore
Agriculture in Scotland
Scottish Gaelic language
Capromimus

Capromimus abbreviatus, the capro dory, is a species of zeniontid fish, the only species in the genus Capromimus, found around New Zealand only,  at depths of between .  It grows to a length of  TL.

References
 
 
 Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand,  (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

Zeniontidae
Endemic marine fish of New Zealand
Monotypic fish genera
Fish described in 1875
Mel Tormé Live at the Fujitsu–Concord Festival 1990

Mel Tormé Live at the Fujitsu–Concord Festival 1990 is a 1991 live album by the American jazz singer Mel Tormé, recorded in Tokyo.

Track listing 
 "A Shine on Your Shoes" (Howard Dietz, Arthur Schwartz) – 3:19
 "Looking at You"/"That Face"/"Look at That Face" (Irving Berlin)/(Lew Spence, Alan Bergman)/(Leslie Bricusse, Anthony Newley) – 4:34
 "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" (Eric Maschwitz, Manning Sherwin) – 4:45
 "Wave" (Antônio Carlos Jobim) – 5:45
 "Stardust" (Hoagy Carmichael, Mitchell Parish) – 6:02
 "Don'cha Go 'Way Mad"/"Come to Baby Do" (Jimmy Mundy, Al Stillman, Illinois Jacquet)/(Inez James, Sidney Miller) – 3:51
 "The Christmas Song"/"Autumn Leaves" (Mel Tormé, Bob Wells)/(Joseph Kosma, Johnny Mercer, Jacques Prévert) – 6:59
 "You're Driving Me Crazy"/"Moten Swing" (Walter Donaldson)/(Bennie Moten) – 6:21
 "Sent for You Yesterday (And Here You Come Today)" (Count Basie, Eddie Durham, Jimmy Rushing) – 4:26
 "Swingin' the Blues" (Basie, Durham, Jon Hendricks) – 4:40
 "Tokyo State of Mind" (Billy Joel, Tormé) – 5:27

Personnel 
 Mel Tormé - vocals
 John Campbell - piano
 Bob Maize - double bass
 Donny Osborne - drums
Frank Wess–Harry Edison big band
 Frank Wess - alto saxophone
 Joe Newman - trumpet

References 

Mel Tormé live albums
1991 live albums
Albums produced by Carl Jefferson
Concord Records live albums
Model 1822 Musket

The Springfield Model 1822 was a .69 caliber flintlock musket manufactured by the United States in the early 19th century.

The Model 1822 was an improvement to the Springfield Model 1816. Some documents refer to the Model 1822 as its own separate model, but other documents refer to it as a variant of the Model 1816 designated as the Type II.

Like the Model 1816, the Model 1822 was a .69 caliber smoothbore flintlock, with a  barrel and an overall length of . One of the most noticeable differences in the Model 1822 is the attachment of the lower sling swivel. The forward part of the trigger guard was provided with an enlargement which was drilled to receive the sling swivel rivet. Previously, the sling swivel had been affixed to a stud in front of the trigger guard.

In addition to the Springfield and Harpers Ferry armories, the Model 1822 was produced by numerous other independent contractors. It was eventually replaced by the Springfield Model 1835, which is also considered by many to be a continuation of the Model 1816 designated as the Type III.

Like other flintlocks, many of the Model 1822 muskets were converted to percussion lock in the 1840s and 1850s, as percussion caps were more reliable and weather resistant than flintlocks. However, during the Mexico City campaign, General Winfield Scott insisted on his army being equipped with flintlock muskets because flints were easy to make or procure, important in a hostile country where supply lines were vulnerable.

Some Model 1822 muskets also had their barrels rifled so that they could fire the newly invented Minié ball if the barrel was thick enough and structurally sound. However, the increase in breech pressure created by the new expanding bullet was too much for the conversion process and older musket barrels to contain and rifled Model 1822 muskets were issued instead with standard .69 caliber round balls.

The Model 1822 was used in both the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. During the latter, .69 caliber muskets (mostly percussion, but some flintlocks as well) were common in the early part of the war (either in their original form or converted to rifling). They had totally disappeared from the Army of the Potomac by the second half of 1862 (aside from the Irish Brigade, which carried Springfield Model 1842 muskets until 1864), but the less-well equipped Confederate Army used them for longer, and the Army of Northern Virginia's ordnance chief claimed that Gettysburg was the first battle in which the army was completely free of smoothbore muskets. 

In the Western Theater, the situation was worse for both sides and smoothbores remained in use in the Union armies into 1863. Some Confederate regiments were still carrying .69 caliber muskets at the Battle of Franklin in November 1864.

See also
 Springfield musket

References

External links

Springfield firearms
Muskets
American Civil War weapons
Weapons of the Confederate States of America
Philippe Bühler

Philippe Bühler (born 29 November 1981) a.k.a. Philippe Heithier (named after his mother's birth name) is a German singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer and manager. He came to fame as a contestant on the second season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the German version of Pop Idol. Bühler was eliminated in the top 3 after receiving 29.12 percent of the vote.

Discography

Albums 
2008: TBA

Singles 
"Warum"  (Why) (2005)
"Ich kann Dich lieben" (I can love you) (2006)

Performances
 Top 50: "I'll Be There" (Jackson 5)
 Wildcards: "Senorita" (Justin Timberlake)
 Top 13: "Cosmic Girl" (Jamiroquai)
 Top 11: "You Are Not Alone" (Michael Jackson)
 Top 10: "Tainted Love" (Soft Cell)
 Top 9:  "Winter Wonderland"
 Top 8:  "I'm Still Standing" (Elton John)
 Top 7:  "For Once in My Life" (Stevie Wonder)
 Top 6:  "September" (Earth,Wind, and Fire)
 Top 5:  "Sie sieht mich nicht (She does not see me)" (Xavier Naidoo)
 Top 4:  "Walking Away" (Craig David)
 Top 4:  "Maria Maria" (Santana)
 Top 3:  "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (Procol Harum)
 Top 3:  "Respect" (Aretha Franklin) – Eliminado

References

1981 births
Living people
People from Friedrichshafen
21st-century German male singers
Deutschland sucht den Superstar participants
Gradan

Gradan was an expeditious Scottish method of drying grain for the quern, by burning the straw.  This term was sometimes anglicised as graddan, graddin or greddin, or Graydon meal for the resulting product. It was corn or meal prepared after the ancient custom of the Gael. A woman sitting down, took a handful of corn and holding it in her left hand by the stalks, she set fire to the ears, which were at once in a flame. In her right hand she held a stick, which she very dexterously beat the grain out the very instant the husks were quite burnt. By this simple process, corn may be cut down, winnowed, ground, dried, and baked within half an hour. In separating the meal from the husks, instead of stoves, they made use of a sheepskin, stretched on a hoop, minutely perforated by a small hot iron. The bread which is made is considered very salubrious, and was extremely pleasant to the palate of the Gael.

Another method, almost the same, used in Uist was when the grain end of the sheaf was put into the flame of the fire, and when the chaff and ends of the straw were well alight, the sheaf is held over a clean-swept part of the hearth, or over some vessel, when the grain drops off.

The term "gradan" was also used for snuff.
 (Gradan)

References

Agriculture in Scotland
Bauk (field)

The balk, back, bauk (Lowland Scots), leum-iochd or bailc/bac  (Scottish Gaelic) was a strip of a corn field left fallow. The fear of being left with the last sheaf of the harvest called the cailleach (kulyach etc.) or gobhar bhacach (the goat of the balk)  always led to an exciting competition among the reapers in the last field. The reaper who came on a leum-iochd would of course be glad to have so much less to cut.

An old saying was "better a balk in autumn, than a sheaf the more." Rev. Michie of Dinnet heard the above saying in a different sense in the Highlands of Aberdeenshire, viz. that in lands allotted on the run-rig system, the crofter who got a balk attached to his rig was considered luckier than his neighbour with a somewhat larger rig, because, but without the balk, the grass of which was of more than compensating value, especially for fodder etc.

In Heart of Midlothian (1818) by Walter Scott, he glosses it as "an unploughed ridge of land interposed among the corn"

Gregor's Folk-lore of North East Scotland (1881) says:
"Even in the cultivated parts of larger size there was no regularity. They were twisted, bent like a bow, zig-zag, of all shapes, and cut up by 'baaks', into which were gathered stones and such weeds as were taken from the portion under crop."

Bauks were also used as boundaries between neighbours' land. George Robertson's General view of Agriculture in Perth (1799) says:

"Large slices of land are left unploughed, as boundaries between the alternate ridges of neighbours, in the same plough-gate; which are a perpetual nursery of weeds, besides the loss of so much land lying waste. These earthern boundaries ... are wearing fast out, in this country."

This indicates that they were well in decline in parts of Lowland Scotland in the late 18th century. However, the word is recorded in the 1920s north east Scotland, as referring to a path between fields, obviously a residual use with a slightly different meaning.

See also
 Lazy bed
 run rig

References
 (leum-iochd)

Scottish folklore
History of agriculture in Scotland
Aberdeenshire
Wheat
Scots language
Bombay City Improvement Trust

The Bombay City Improvement Trust (BIT) was created on 9 December 1898, in response to the Bombay plague epidemic of 1896. It was created through an Act of the Parliament. The Municipal Corporation and the government handed over all vacant lands to this body. The CIT undertook a host of measures to improve sanitary and living conditions in the city. The planned opening up of suburbs was due to the Trust. 

The CIT widened roads in the central, crowded, parts of the town. A new east-west road, the Princess Street, was constructed to channel the sea air into the centre of the crowded residential areas. The north-south Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road) was also constructed with this end in view. 

The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion suburban development was started in 1899 with the express purpose of relieving congestion to the south. Well-laid out plots, with mixed land-use patterns marked these sections. Completed in 1900, access to these parts were through the newly completed Mohammedali Road.

See also
Bombay plague epidemic

References
The Bombay City Improvement Trust {GFDL site}

History of Mumbai
Tom Fyfe

Thomas Camperdown Fyfe (23 June 1870 in Timaru – 1947 in Hastings) was a self-taught New Zealand mountaineer from Timaru. He led the first ascent of Aoraki / Mount Cook (the highest mountain in New Zealand) on 25 December 1894, which included Jack Clarke and George Graham. Following the first Aoraki ascent Fyfe, who was introduced to climbing by Jack Adamson, went on to become the first appointed Chief Guide at the Hermitage Hotel at Mt Cook village.

References

New Zealand mountain climbers
People from Timaru
1870 births
1947 deaths
Union of Trade Unions of Chad

The Union of Trade Unions of Chad (UST) is a trade union centre in Chad. It was formed originally in 1988 as the National Union of Chadian Workers (UNST). The UNST was dissolved briefly in 1990 and reemerged as the UST.

The UST is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

Trade unions in Chad
International Trade Union Confederation
1991 establishments in Chad
Trade unions established in 1991
Noriaki Okabe

is a Japanese architect.

He was born in Shizuoka, Japan. He worked with Renzo Piano for twenty years in Europe, from the designing construction supervision of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.

In 1988, Okabe, then the representative of Renzo Piano Building Workshop in Japan, won the international competition of Kansai International Airport Terminal Building and was responsible for the design and construction supervision. While not currently on display, the Museum of Modern Art holds a model of the building's main structural truss in its Architecture and Design department.

After the construction of the Terminal Building, he established Noriaki Okabe Architecture Network in 1995 in Tokyo. While Okabe's practice has since expanded beyond architecture into industrial design, including the Odakyu 50000 series VSE train. In 2009 he collaborated with Belgian architect Jean-Michel Jaspers in designing the Belgian Embassy in Tokyo.

Notable projects
 Kansai International Airport Terminal Building, Renzo Piano Building Workshop Japan, Osaka
 Ushibuka Haiya Bridge, Renzo Piano Building Workshop Japan, Nagasaki, Japan
 Housing in Sakura-shinmachi, Tokyo, Japan
 Valeo Unisia Transmissions Atsugi (factory), Kanagawa, Japan
 Odakyu 50000 series VSE train design
 Odakyu 60000 series MSE train design
 Belgian Embassy, Tokyo, Japan (collaboration with Belgian landscape architect Aldrik Heirman)
 Hakone Tozan 3000 series train design
 Odakyu 30000 series EXEα train refurbishment programme from fiscal 2016
 Odakyu 70000 series train design

References

External links 
 Noriaki Okabe Architecture Network official site

1947 births
Living people
Japanese architects
Human 2.0

Human 2.0 is an album by the Swedish grindcore band Nasum. The band came up with the title during 1999 as a reference to some of the panic over issues such as the Y2K bug.

The band decided that they wanted the cover to be white in order to stand out from the many dark album covers that other bands used.

Although the album Inhale/Exhale was never released in Japan, Relapse had made a deal with Ritual Records/Howling Bull for Human 2.0. The band had already had the idea of updating the title for the Japanese release and make it Human 2.01, with additional bonus tracks.

The album contains a number of references to popular culture. "Resistance" uses a quote from the movie The Matrix: "I hate this place. This zoo. This prison. This reality, whatever you want to call it, I can't stand it any longer." The song "Sometimes Dead is Better" uses the quote "Welcome to the desert of the real". In "Parting Is Such Sweet Sorrow", the beginning quote is from the movie The Shawshank Redemption.

In 2020, it was named one of the 20 best metal albums of 2000 by Metal Hammer magazine.

Track listing

References

Nasum albums
2000 albums
Relapse Records albums
Howling Bull Entertainment albums
New York pound

The pound was the currency of the province and state of New York until 1793. Initially, sterling coin circulated along with foreign currencies. This was supplemented by local paper money from 1709. Although these were denominated in £sd, they were worth one third less than sterling, with one New York shilling worth 8d sterling.

The State of New York issued Continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars, with 1 dollar = 8/–. This valuation of the Spanish dollar was known as the York rating. The continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1,000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.

Historical currencies of the United States
1793 disestablishments in New York (state)
Pre-statehood history of New York (state)
Economy of New York (state)
Microspermae

Microspermae is an order of flowering plants. It is a descriptive botanical name referring to the size of the seed; it  was used for the order containing the orchids. 

In taxonomical systems this name has now mostly dropped out of use, being displaced by the name Orchidales (formed from the family name Orchidaceae). The name Microspermae was used in the Bentham & Hooker and the Engler systems. The Wettstein system also used a descriptive name, but preferred Gynandrae.

Microspermae in the Bentham & Hooker system
 order Microspermae
 family Hydrocharideae
 family Burmanniaceae
 family Orchideae

Microspermae in the Engler system
 order Microspermae
 family Orchidaceae

Historically recognized angiosperm orders
Maratos

The Greek Maratos Brothers' have built a small number of vehicles in Thessaloniki. These include a rather innovative motorcycle in 1950, as well as two light three wheeler types.  

The Maratos family spread throughout Greece and some now live in Victoria in Australia.

References 
Michalis Arvanitopoulos, 'History of Motorcycles in Greece', published in  the Greek 'MOTO' magazine (1994 issues).
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)

Motorcycle manufacturers of Greece
Maximiliansweg

Maximiliansweg is a long-distance hiking path through the Bavarian Alps (with some short sections through the Austrian Alps), which connects Lindau (im Bodensee) to Berchtesgaden. The trail is about 350 km in distance and is largely congruous with long-distance path E4. Two boat crossings are suggested, from Lindau to Bregenz (over the Bodensee) and from Bad Wiessee to Tegernsee (over the Tegernsee).

Beginning in Lindau, the path travels through Bregenz, Füssen passing such notable sites as Neuschwanstein castle. It continues through the Ammergauer Alps, Mangfall Mountains, Chiemgauer Alps and ends in Berchtesgaden south of Salzburg.

External links

  Brief information with map. 
 

Hiking trails in Bavaria
Chiemgau Alps
Bregenz Forest Mountains
Ammergau Alps
Blackballed: The Bobby Dukes Story

Blackballed: The Bobby Dukes Story is a 2004 sports slapstick film by Brant Sersen in his directorial debut, written by Brian Steinberg and Brant Sersen. It is an improvisational comedy set in the world of paintball. It stars Rob Corddry, Paul Scheer, Dannah Feinglass, Rob Riggle, Rob Huebel, Ed Helms, Curtis Gwinn, Seth Morris, and DJ Hazard. It was also Ed Helms' acting debut.

Plot
Paintball's first superstar, Bobby Dukes, led his team, the River Rats, to an unprecedented three consecutive victories at The Hudson Valley National Paintball Classic. On May 28, 1993, the River Rats were competing for their fourth "Classic" victory when disaster struck.  Bobby, attempting one of his signature moves, was shot.  Desperate to stay in the game, Dukes intentionally wiped the paint from his jersey, thus committing paintball's most heinous crime.  A zealous referee spotted the wipe and ejected Bobby from the game. The three-time champ was embarrassed, went to Venezuela, and left the game for 10 years while being the laughingstock of the paintball community. Deemed a cheater, disgraced and humiliated, Bobby disappeared. Ten years later an older and wiser Dukes returns to reclaim his title and erase the memory of his tainted past.  He enters the 2003 Classic but finds no self-respecting paintball player will be caught dead on his team. On the verge of giving up hope, Bobby joins forces with the most unlikely of allies... the referee that caught him cheating. Now, the two improbable partners must recruit a team of paintball misfits and take back the Hudson Valley Paintball Classic taking place at Liberty Paintball in Patterson, New York.

Awards
The film won the Audience Award at the 2004 South By Southwest Film Festival and the 2005 Boston Independent Film Festival.

References

External links
BlackballedTheMovie.com - Official Site (on archive.org)

2000s mockumentary films
2004 films
Paintball-related media
American mockumentary films
2004 directorial debut films
2004 comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Integra Air

Integra Air offered chartered and scheduled flight services, as well as air ambulance medevac services, out of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The airline ceased operations on August 31, 2018, stating that it was undergoing corporate restructuring. The closure also shut down operations of the air ambulance services.

History
The company started in 1998 with scheduled flights to Edmonton. In 1999, Integra started its chartered service and four years later it began offering aircraft management services. In 2010, Integra Air purchased Bar XH Air, expanding their services to include air medevac. In early 2018, Calgary-based Integra Air came in to assist Orca on March 15, and in a March statement their CEO said “Integra Air is currently in the process of negotiating aircraft, crews and management to support Orca Airways and prevent any further interruption to Orca passengers and customers”.

Destinations
As of April 2018, Integra Air served the following destinations, until ceasing operations.

Alberta
Bonnyville (Bonnyville Airport)
Calgary (Calgary International Airport)

Fleet
As of April 2018, Integra Air had the following aircraft registered with Transport Canada, listed under BAR XH Air:
5 BAe Jetstream 31
4 King Air 200
1 IAI Westwind

The listing also includes a Cessna 150 and a Cessna 172, both with cancelled certificates.

See also 
 List of defunct airlines of Canada

References

External links
Integra Air

Regional airlines of Alberta
Defunct airlines of Canada
Airlines established in 1998
Airlines disestablished in 2018
1998 establishments in Alberta
2018 disestablishments in Alberta
Transport in Calgary
Companies based in Calgary
Gynandrae

Gynandrae is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Wettstein system for the order containing the orchids and is a descriptive name referring to the stamens.  The Bentham & Hooker and the Engler systems also used a descriptive name for this order, but preferred the name Microspermae. 

In taxonomical systems these two descriptive names have now mostly dropped out of use, being displaced by the name Orchidales (formed from the family name Orchidaceae).

Gynandrae in the Wettstein system
 order Gynandrae
 family Orchideae

Historically recognized angiosperm orders
Martin McLaren

Major Martin John McLaren (11 January 1914 – 27 July 1979) was a British soldier and Conservative Party politician.

He was the son of Hon. Francis McLaren, Liberal MP for Spalding and Barbara Jekyll.

Career
McLaren obtained a BA from the University of Oxford in 1936, and an MA in 1941. Joining the Grenadier Guards, he rose to the rank of Major during World War II.

After the war, he held a position in the Home Office until 1947, and in 1948 became a barrister of the Middle Temple. He entered Parliament at the 1959 general election as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West. In 1961 he became a government Assistant Whip, and in 1963 became a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury as a full Whip. In 1964, the Home government fell and he went into opposition. He lost his seat in the 1966 general election, recovered it in the 1970 election, and lost it again in October 1974, marking an end to his political career. In July 1970 he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary, Alec Douglas-Home.

Family
On 18 September 1943, he married Nancy Ralston. The couple had three children:
Rev. Richard Francis McLaren (9 November 1946 – 28 January 2022)
Francis Andrew McLaren (5 August 1949 – 2 September 1960)
Patrick Andrew McLaren (27 September 1963 – 14 December 1990)

References

the Peerage.com

External links 
 

1914 births
1979 deaths
Grenadier Guards officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
Martin
Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964
Butterfly kingfish

The butterfly kingfish (Gasterochisma melampus) is an ocean-dwelling ray-finned bony fish in the mackerel family, Scombridae – a family which it shares with the tunas, mackerels, Spanish mackerels, and bonitos. Unlike the 50 species from those four tribes, however, this species is unique in that it is the only scombrid to be classified apart from the rest, into the subfamily Gasterochismatinae and genus Gasterochisma.

Although taxonomists and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have accepted the name "butterfly kingfish", this fish has had many common names, including big-scaled mackerel, bigscale mackerel, butterfly mackerel, butterfly tuna, scaled tunny, scaly tuna, and others. In 1993, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave approval for this fish to be marketed simply as "mackerel".

Description
The juveniles of the butterfly kingfish are characterized by enormous pelvic fins that are longer than the length of its head, and that become more proportional as the fish grows. At any size, the pelvic fin tucks into a deep ventral groove, in much the same way as the first dorsal spines do in all scombrids. This species has very large cycloid scales, below which is a thick layer of fat. The swim bladder has two anterior projections that extend into the back of the skull, near the inner ear. This fish lacks the median keel on the caudal peduncle – it only has the characteristic pair of small keels on each side of the base of the caudal fin, as do other scombrids. It has 21 precaudal vertebrae, plus 23 caudal vertebrae.

This fish can be found around the world in southern temperate waters of , but most commonly under , and at depths to  in the open ocean. It grows to a length of .

Most bony fishes are ectothermic, or cold-blooded, but this species, much like the related tunas, is endothermic and is able to raise its body temperature to achieve a degree of thermoregulation. It has a brain heater organ derived from the lateral rectus eye muscle, which is distinct from that of the billfishes, whose heater is derived from their superior rectus muscles.

Etymology
Gasterochisma derives from the , and  () "crossing; X-shaped; sign of the 'X'".

Taxonomy
The evolutionary lineage of the butterfly kingfish is more primitive and quite different from that of the rest of the scombrids. Additionally, the morphology of this species is substantially different from that of the others – some suggest that it might belong in a different family altogether. At present, however, morphology and nuclear phylogeny provide support that Gasterochisma is sister to all other scombrids, and that both its genus, Gasterochisma, and its subfamily, Gasterochismatinae, remain as monotypic taxa under the family Scombridae.

The following cladogram shows the most likely evolutionary relationships between the butterfly kingfish and the tunas, mackerels, Spanish mackerels, and bonitos.

References
 
 Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

Scombridae
Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
Fish described in 1845
Central Autónoma de Trabajadores

The Central Autónoma de Trabajadores (CAT) is a trade union centre in Chile.

The CAT is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

References

Trade unions in Chile
International Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions established in 1995
6News Lawrence

Channel 6 - Lawrence, KS was a 24-hour local information channel based in Lawrence, Kansas which served Douglas County, Leavenworth County and Wyandotte County west of Interstate 435. Owned by Midco Communications, the channel was based at the company's corporate headquarters at New Hampshire and Seventh Streets (near the offices for former sister newspaper, the Lawrence Journal-World) in downtown Lawrence. Previously, the channel was called 6 News Lawrence. Newscasts ceased after Midco Communications bought the organization in July 2017.

It was carried on Midco cable channel 6 in high definition throughout the provider's service area (which in addition to Lawrence, also included the communities of Eudora, Tonganoxie, Lecompton, Basehor, and the Piper neighborhood of Kansas City, Kansas.

History
6News was originally launched by The World Company (parent company of the Lawrence Journal-World) in 1972 was provider as an exclusive service of Sunflower CableVision (later Sunflower Broadband). As part of the sale of Sunflower Broadband, 6News was sold to cable overbuilder Knology in October 2010, sold some of their news media business to internet and cable provider Knology for $165 million.

The channel was subsequently acquired by Wide Open West on April 18, 2012, as part of the company's $750 million purchase of Knology.

Channel 6 News aired its last program on August 4, 2017. Its new owner, Midco, purchased the company from WOW! Broadband on January 13, 2017. Channel 6 currently broadcasts Midco's Dakota sports network, while a localized version of the network was launched on channel 32 in November 2017.

Programming
6 News' primarily programming consisted of locally produced newscasts focusing on the Lawrence area, under the title WOW! 6 News, which aired Monday through Friday evenings at 5:00, 6:00, 8:00 and 10:00 p.m. Other local programs featured on the channel include the trivia game show 1 on 1 Trivia; sports programs The Drive (featuring sports highlights and game discussion) and Varsity Showcase (focusing on high school athletics); talk shows The Not So Late Show (which maintained a late-night talk show format), Town Topic and Business Spotlight; and lifestyle programs Jayni's Kitchen (formatted as a cooking series) and Final Fridays Preview (focusing on northeast Kansas' art community, and previewing that month's "Final Fridays" event in downtown Leavenworth). The channel also broadcast high school football games involving Lawrence area teams on Friday evenings during September and October. The channel was discontinued in August 2017.

References

External links
 

Television stations in Kansas
Defunct local cable stations in the United States
24-hour television news channels in the United States
Lawrence, Kansas
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2017