alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Gjøvdal

Gjøvdal (historic: Gjevedal) is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The municipality existed from 1908 until its dissolution in 1960. It covered the Gjøv river valley and the surrounding moors.  It is currently part of the municipality of Åmli in Agder county. The administrative centre was the village of Askland where Gjøvdal Church is located.

History
The parish of Gjøvdal was part of the municipality of Åmli since 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1908, the municipality of Åmli was split into three separate municipalities: Gjevedal (population: 590), Lille Topdal (population: 389), and Åmli (population: 2,024). In 1911, the name Gjevedal was changed to "Gjøvdal".

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1960, the municipality of Gjøvdal (population: 362) was reunited with Åmli (population: 1,947) to form a new, enlarged Åmli municipality. (The municipality of Tovdal was merged into Åmli in 1967.)

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Gjevedal valley (). The first element of the name comes from the name of the river Gjøv () which flows through the valley. That name comes from the verb  which means "to give someone something". The last element is  which means "valley" or "dale". Thus, "the valley that gives"

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.

Municipal council
The municipal council  of Gjøvdal was made up of 13 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway

References

External links

Åmli
Former municipalities of Norway
1908 establishments in Norway
1960 disestablishments in Norway
Larsson

Larsson () is a Swedish patronymic surname meaning "son of Lars".  There are various spellings. Notable people with the surname include:

Academics
Hans Larsson (1862–1944) was a Swedish Professor of Philosophy at Lund University, Sweden
Susanna Larsson Swedish epidemiologist at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm

Arts
Annika Larsson, Swedish photographer and video artist
Carl Larsson, Swedish painter and interior designer
Karl Larsson (artist), Swedish-American artist

Actors
Babben Larsson, Swedish actress and comedian
Chatarina Larsson, Swedish actress

Fashion
Alexandra Larsson, Swedish fashion model based in Argentina

Literature
Anna Laestadius Larsson, Swedish novelist
Åsa Larsson, Swedish crime-writer
Stieg Larsson, Swedish journalist and crime-writer
Zenia Larsson, Polish-Swedish writer and sculptor of Jewish descent

Military
Alexandra Larsson, Swedish LGBT officer

Music
Caroline Larsson, Swedish singer, songwriter
Johan Larsson (musician) (born 1974), Swedish musician
Lars-Erik Larsson, Swedish composer
Lisa Larsson (born 1967), singer
 Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson (born 1963), Swedish singer known professionally as Joey Tempest
Zara Larsson (born 1997), Swedish singer

Sports
Adam Larsson, Swedish ice hockey player
Bo Larsson, Swedish football player
Erik August Larsson, Swedish skier
Gustav Larsson, Swedish cyclist
Henrik Larsson, Swedish international football player
Johan Larsson (disambiguation), multiple people
Johanna Larsson, Swedish tennis player
Magnus Larsson, Swedish tennis player
Maria Larsson (ice hockey), Swedish ice hockey player
Markus Larsson, Swedish alpine skier
Martin Larsson (Rekkles), Swedish League of Legends player
Per Larsson, Swedish sprint canoer
Sara Larsson, Swedish international football player
Sebastian Larsson, Swedish football player

Politics
Dag Larsson (born 1960), Swedish politician
John Larsson, the 17th General of The Salvation Army
Kjell Larsson (1943–2002), Swedish politician
Malin Larsson (born 1980), Swedish politician
Rikard Larsson (born 1966), Swedish politician
Virginia Larsson, Canadian politician and activist

Fictional characters
Gunvald Larsson, sidekick of Martin Beck in novels by Maj Sjowall and Per Wahloo

See also
 Larsen (surname)
 Larssen
 Larson (surname)

Swedish-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names
Kneel to the Rising Sun

Kneel to the Rising Sun is a collection of short stories by Erskine Caldwell first published in 1935.  The seventeen stories, only a few pages each, all deal with various tragedies occurring in the early twentieth century American South, chiefly caused by poverty or racism.  Caldwell is most well known for his novels, such as Tobacco Road; however, Kneel to the Rising Sun is held in high acclaim by his critics.

Stories
"Candy-Man Beechum"
"The Walnut Hunt"
"Horse Thief"
"The Man Who Looked Like Himself"
"Maud Island"
"The Shooting"
"Honeymoon"
'Martha Jean"
"A Day's Wooing"
"The Cold Winter"
"The Girl Ellen"
"The Growing Season"
'Daughter"
'Blue Boy"
"Slow Death"
"Masses of Men"
"Kneel to the Rising Sun"

1935 short story collections
American short story collections
Southern Gothic short stories
Viking Press books
Works by Erskine Caldwell
Nürnberg Nordost station

The station Nürnberg Nordost (translates from German as Nuremberg North East), colloquial form Nordostbahnhof, is a railway station in Nuremberg, Germany.
It is a terminal station, providing a link to Gräfenberg, as the line to Gräfenberg has no connection to Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof, the city's main station.

The station has an interchange with the  line of the Nuremberg U-Bahn.

History
The station was built by the Royal Bavarian State Railways and opened on 1 July 1899 together with the Nuremberg Ring Railway section Nuremberg East-Nuremberg North. In the beginning it was only used for freight traffic, for which various loading tracks and a goods shed were built. Passenger traffic began with the opening of the Gräfenbergbahn on 1 February 1908, from which between 1911 and 1912 occasional journeys via the Nuremberg Ring Railway and the Nuremberg–Cheb railway to Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof were extended. With the exception of these connections, the station has since been operated as an island station for passenger transport, which was connected to Hauptbahnhof by tram until 1996 and by underground since then. In the 1990s, the loading of goods was abandoned, the tracks were gradually dismantled and the station building demolished. The last reconstruction took place with the refurbishment of the Gräfenbergbahn between July and September 1999. In addition to the construction of a new island platform and direct access to the Nordostbahnhof underground station, the overpass over the Äußere Bayreuther Straße (B 2) was renewed and a 208 m long siding was built.

Gallery

References

Nordost
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1899
1899 establishments in Bavaria
Raymond Chrétien

Raymond A. J. Chrétien  (born May 20, 1942) is a Canadian lawyer and diplomat.  He served as Canada's ambassador to the United States from 1994–2000. His uncle Jean Chrétien, was the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003.

Early years
Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Séminaire de Joliette (now part of Cégep régional de Lanaudière) and then Laval University in Law.

Diplomatic career
After being admitted to the Quebec Bar, Chrétien entered the Legal Affairs Bureau of the Department of External Affairs and the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1966.

His positions include:

 Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire): 1978–1981
 Mexico: 1985–1988
 Belgium: 1991–1994
 United States: 1994–2000
 France: 2000–2003

From 1988 to 1991, Chrétien was an associate in the office of the Secretary of State for External Affairs. In 1996, he was named Special Envoy to the U.N. for the Great Lakes and Central Africa.

Post-Government career
In 2004, he joined the law firm Fasken Martineau DuMoulin and in December 2005, joined the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation. Since April 2004, he is Chairman of the board of the Centre for International Studies of the Université de Montréal (CÉRIUM).  He is also a member of the Trilateral Commission.

Personal life

Chrétien is the nephew of former prime minister Jean Chrétien. He is married to Kay Rousseau; they have two children—Caroline Chrétien and Louis-François Chrétien. In addition to his native French, Chrétien is fluent in English and Spanish.

Awards 
He holds many honours and titles, including Officer of the Order of Canada, Commander in the Legion of Honour (France) and Officer of the Order of the Aztec Eagle. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2010. In 2019 He was promoted within the Order of Canada to the highest grade of Companion by Governor General Julie Payette. This will give him the Post Nominal Letters "CC" for Life.

See also
 Université Laval

References

External links 
 Raymond Chrétien page at CÉRIUM
 

1942 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Canada to the United States
Ambassadors of Canada to France
Companions of the Order of Canada
Ambassadors of Canada to Belgium
Ambassadors of Canada to Mexico
Ambassadors of Canada to the Republic of the Congo
Université Laval alumni
People from Shawinigan
Battle of the Altai Mountains

The Battle of Altai Mountains (), was a major expedition launched against the Northern Xiongnu by the Han dynasty in June AD 89. The battle was a success for the Han under Dou Xian (d. AD 92).

In June AD 89, the Han dispatched a force which promptly advanced from Jilu, Manyi, and Guyang in three great columns that included their allies, specifically the main army of the Southern Xiongnu. The force of General Dou Xian advanced towards the Northern Chanyu into the Altai Mountains. A large detachment then moved to the northwest, and in the major battle of the campaign they defeated the Northern Chanyu at the Altai Mountains and pursued them westwards. The Han forces killed 13,000 Xiongnu troops and accepted the surrender of 200,000 Xiongnu from 81 tribes.

Dou Xian brought the main body of his troops in triumphal progress north to the Khangai Mountains, west of present-day Kharkhorin. There he carved the cliff Inscriptions of Yanran, composed by his client, the historian Ban Gu, which celebrated the achievement of the battle. This inscription was identified in Dundgovi Province by scholars from Mongolia and China in August 2017.

Aftermath
After the successful campaign of AD 89, the Xiongnu state was destroyed. After the battle, Dou Xian led his forces back, and the "Northern Chanyu", whose name has not survived, sought to negotiate peace. Tuntuhe Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu, however, was anxious to destroy his rival completely, and early in AD 90, as embassies were still being exchanged, Dou Xian launched an attack, captured his rival's seal and treasure and his wives and daughters.

General Dou Xian soon initiated a punitive expedition against the remaining hostile Xiongnu tribes, subsequently causing the tribes to flee westwards. Dou Xian had reported that the Northern Chanyu was so weak there was no point in treating with him further. In February 91, he mounted a final invasion, with two of his generals Geng Kui and Ren Shang in charge. They advanced from Juyan and defeated the Northern Xiongnu ruler, captured his mother and killed 5,000 of his armies, drove him in flight again to the west from Altayn Nuruu. He was not heard from again. The rest of the Xiongnu left in Dzungaria, specifically near Lake Barkol, had not been directly affected, and some part of the shattered polity was reconstructed under a new chanyu. The new chanyu, however, was killed in 93, and after him no chanyu of the Northern Xiongnu was ever heard of again. On the frontier of the Han dynasty in present-day Mongolia, the hostile Xiongnu state was ended.

References

Bibliography
 
Fan Ye et al., Hou Hanshu. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1965. 
 
Sima Guang, comp. Zizhi Tongjian. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1956. 
 
 Tucker, Spencer C. et al. (2010). A global chronology of conflict: From the ancient world to the modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO .
An, Tian, "Dou Xian Po Beixiongnu Zhi Zhan" ("The Battle of Dou Xian's Defeating on the Northern Xiongnu"). Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.
 

Altai Mountains
Altai Mountains
1st century in China
Altai Mountains
89
Altai Mountains
Underwoods

Underwoods is a collection of poems by Robert Louis Stevenson published in 1887. It comprises two books, Book I with 38 poems in English, Book II with 16 poems in Scots. He says in the initial note that "I am from the Lothians myself; it is there I heard the language spoken about my childhood; and it is in the drawling Lothian voice that I repeat it to myself."

The dedication is to "a few out of many doctors who have brought me comfort and help." He starts by saying that "There are men and classes of men that stand above the common herd: the soldier, the sailor and the shepherd not infrequently; the artist rarely; rarer still the clergyman; the physician almost as a rule. He is the flower (such as it is) of our civilization ...."

Stevenson mainly relies on English spelling, but touches on Scottish spelling, pridefully creating a "fresh stumbling-block for English readers"

External links
 
Underwoods HTML version.
Underwoods at archive.org

1887 books
Poetry by Robert Louis Stevenson
British poetry collections
Shadowseeds

Shadowseeds II is a dark wave/esoterical musical project consisting of Thomas Karlsson and Tommie Eriksson, who before 1999 spelled his name Tommy Eriksson.

Shadowseeds released their first album The Dream of Lilith in 1995 on Dark Age/Megarock Records. The album was hardly at all promoted by the label and it sank with inertia into an esoteric underground cult status.

In 2002, after exactly seven years of silence, the project was resurrected.

Thomas wrote a unique text about the 17th-century Swedish occultist Johannes Bureus which created the basis for a live performance at the Ecstatic Society/Fylkingen in Stockholm together with acts like Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio and Coph Nia.

In March 2003 Shadowseeds II performed at the Pandemonium Club in Gothenburg. In 2004 the first release was out based on the live performances. The CD-r is titled Der Mitternacht Löwe and the sleeve is designed into a limited edition envelope shaped cover that beautifully captures the old tradition of the concept.

The name Shadowseeds II emphasizes the project's rebirth.

External links
 Shadowseeds II
 http://www.dragonrouge.net (The dark magical order to which they both belong)
 http://www.megatherion.com  (Tommie's previous band/Thomas writes lyrics for them)

Swedish musical groups
Triple whipple truss

The triple whipple truss is a style of truss bridge that was used in the 19th century. In such a bridge, the diagonals are under tension. They cross two neighboring verticals rather than connecting to it like a Pratt truss.

The only remaining example of this style in the United States is the Laughery Creek Bridge in Indiana.

Truss bridges by type
Whipple truss bridges
Watford City High School

Watford City High School is a public high school located in Watford City, North Dakota. Fall enrollment for the 2016–2017 school year was 549 students and is a part of the McKenzie County School District #1.

The athletic teams are known as the Wolves. Athletic teams in the area not affiliated with Watford City High School have other mascots, such as the hockey teams' mascot, the Oilers, and the public legion baseball teams' mascot, the Walleyes. This may change with the new Watford City Event Center and a proposed hockey facility.

The new high school has officially opened as of February 16, 2016.

Athletics

Championships
State Class 'B' boys' basketball: 1991
State Class 'B' football: 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1985, 1986
State Class 'AA' football: 1998, 2006, 2008
State Class 'B' wrestling: 1972, 1973, 1974
State Class 'B' girls' golf: 2007
State Class 'B' baseball: 2014

References

External links
Watford City High School

Public high schools in North Dakota
Schools in McKenzie County, North Dakota
North Dakota High School Activities Association (Class B)
North Dakota High School Activities Association (Class AA Football)
Educational institutions established in 1915
1915 establishments in North Dakota
Thymus herba-barona

Thymus herba-barona is a species of thyme native to Corsica, Sardinia, and Majorca. It is also sometimes known by the common name caraway thyme, as it has a strong scent similar to caraway, for which it can be used as a substitute in any recipe. It can be used in cuisine or as an evergreen ground cover plant for the garden.

There are two subspecies:
Thymus herba-barona subsp. herba-barona. Corsica, Sardinia
Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens. Majorca (Spain)

Description
Caraway thyme is a creeping, woody-based perennial, growing to  high and spreading out across the ground to a width of . The leaves are  long, lanceolate, dark glossy green and hairy. The foliage has a strong aroma of caraway. The flowers are pink with four petals and a prominent lower lip. They are produced in late spring and early summer, and are attractive to bees and butterflies.

Cultivation and uses
Caraway thyme grows best in average soil with light watering and full sunlight. The plant was favoured in England as a seasoning for barons of beef; this inspired its scientific name. It is cultivated in gardens across the world. Caraway thyme is difficult to grow from seed, so it is usually purchased as young plants 5–10 cm high, in small pots.

Caraway thyme contains an essential oil and the plant has antiseptic, deodorant and disinfectant uses. It also has uses in perfumery, as a mouth wash and as a traditional medicine. A study undertaken to compare the essential oil with similar oils from two other members of the genus found that all three had similar antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria and against mycetes as compared to the well known antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate.

References

Flora Europaea: Thymus herba-barona
Demography, population structure and dynamics of Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens (Lamiaceae) (pdf file)

herba-barona
Flora of Corsica
Flora of Sardinia
Flora of the Balearic Islands
Herbs
Cuper's Gardens

Cuper's Gardens were 17–18th century pleasure gardens (or tea gardens) on the south side of the River Thames in Lambeth, London. The gardens looked over to Somerset House near Waterloo Bridge, and were centered on what is now the north end of Waterloo Road.

In 1643, Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel bought  of land which he leased to his gardener Abraham Boydell Cuper.
The gardens opened in the 1680s and were named after the original proprietor. They were also known as Cupid's Gardens. In 1686,  of adjoining land was bought from the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, and added to the gardens. A long landing stage in the river known as Cuper's Bridge acted as a popular entrance for the gardens.

In 1736, an orchestra was included among the attractions. It also became known for its firework displays. However, it lost its license in 1753 due to the loose morals of its visitors. It remained open as an unlicensed tea garden before finally closing in 1760.

See also
 Vauxhall Gardens

References

External links
 Vauxhall Society information
 Ideal Homes information
 Information from the National Theatre

Former parks and open spaces of London
Gardens in London
Entertainment in London
History of the London Borough of Lambeth
Pleasure gardens in England
1686 establishments in England
1753 disestablishments
Pólya conjecture

In number theory, the Pólya conjecture (or Pólya's conjecture) stated that "most" (i.e., 50% or more) of the natural numbers less than any given number have an odd number of prime factors. The conjecture was set forth by the Hungarian mathematician George Pólya in 1919, and proved false in 1958 by C. Brian Haselgrove. Though mathematicians typically refer to this statement as the Pólya conjecture, Pólya never actually conjectured that the statement was true; rather, he showed that the truth of the statement would imply the Riemann hypothesis. For this reason, it is more accurately called "Pólya's problem". 

The size of the smallest counterexample is often used to demonstrate the fact that a conjecture can be true for many cases and still fail to hold in general, providing an illustration of the strong law of small numbers.

Statement
The Pólya conjecture states that for any n > 1, if the natural numbers less than or equal to n (excluding 0) are partitioned into those with an odd number of prime factors and those with an even number of prime factors, then the former set has at least as many members as the latter set. Repeated prime factors are counted repeatedly; for instance, we say that 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 has an odd number of prime factors, while 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 has an even number of prime factors.

Equivalently, it can be stated in terms of the summatory Liouville function, with the conjecture being that

for all n > 1. Here, λ(k) = (−1)Ω(k) is positive if the number of prime factors of the integer k is even, and is negative if it is odd. The big Omega function counts the total number of prime factors of an integer.

Disproof
The Pólya conjecture was disproved by C. Brian Haselgrove in 1958. He showed that the conjecture has a counterexample, which he estimated to be around 1.845 × 10361.

An explicit counterexample, of n = 906,180,359 was given by R. Sherman Lehman in 1960; the smallest counterexample is n = 906,150,257, found by Minoru Tanaka in 1980.

The conjecture fails to hold for most values of n in the region of 906,150,257 ≤ n ≤ 906,488,079. In this region, the summatory Liouville function reaches a maximum value of 829 at n = 906,316,571.

References

External links
 

Disproved conjectures
Conjectures about prime numbers
Vladimir Andreyev (racewalker)

Vladimir Vasilyevich Andreyev (; born 7 September 1966 in Yamanchurino, Chuvashia) is a Russian race walker.

Achievements

See also
List of doping cases in athletics

References

1966 births
Living people
People from Yalchiksky District
Sportspeople from Chuvashia
Russian male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Olympic athletes for the Unified Team
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
European Athletics Championships medalists
Russian Athletics Championships winners
CIS Athletics Championships winners
Doping cases in athletics
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
Joffre Stewart

Joffre Lamar Stewart (17 April 1925 – 12 March 2019) was an American poet, anarchist, and pacifist known for his early participation in the early Beat movement. Stewart was based in Chicago; he is mentioned in Allen Ginsberg's 1955 poem "Howl".

Early life 
Stewart's book Poems and Poetry was published by the Every Now and Then Publishing Cooperative in 1982. Stewart received a B.A. from Roosevelt University in 1952.

Stewart was known for his anarchist "anti-"politics, his long-time participation in the North American anarchist movement, including his involvement in the Industrial Workers of the World  and Chicago Area War Resisters Support Group, and was a regular contributor to the Bulletin of the Social Revolutionary Anarchist Federation (SRAF).

On April 29, 1994, Stewart was arrested while trying to attend a poetry reading at the Barnes & Noble bookstore in downtown Evanston, Illinois, after being mistaken for a vagrant, and spent 11 days in jail.

See also
 List of peace activists

References

External links
Poems by Stewart
2000 Interview with Joffre Stewart
A photograph of Joffre Stewart
CSC Oral History Research Program papers

American anarchists
American pacifists
American tax resisters
Anarcho-pacifists
Writers from Chicago
Beat Generation writers
Industrial Workers of the World members
Roosevelt University alumni
1925 births
2019 deaths
Boreoeutheria

Boreoeutheria (, "northern true beasts") is a magnorder of placental mammals that groups together superorders Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. With a few exceptions male animals in the clade have a scrotum, an ancestral feature of the clade. The sub-clade Scrotifera was named after this feature.

Etymology 
The name of this magnorder comes from Ancient Greek words:
  () meaning 'north wind' or 'the North',
  () meaning 'good', 'right', or 'true',
 and  () meaning 'beast'.

Boreoeutherian ancestor 
The majority of earliest known fossils belonging to this group date to about 66 million years ago, shortly after the K-Pg extinction event, though molecular data suggest they may have originated earlier, during the Cretaceous period. This is further supported with fossils of Altacreodus magnus and two species from genus Protungulatum dated about 70.6 million years ago.

The common ancestor of Boreoeutheria lived between 107 and 90 million years ago. The boreoeutherian ancestor gave rise to species as diverse as giraffes, dogs, mice, bats, whales, and humans. The concept of a boreoeutherian ancestor was first proposed in 2004 in the journal Genome Research. The paper's authors claimed that the genome sequence of the boreoeutherian ancestor could be computationally predicted with 98% accuracy, but would "take a few years and a lot of money". It is estimated to contain three billion base pairs.

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy 
 Magnorder: Boreoeutheria 
 Superorder: Euarchontoglires 
 Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Phylogeny 
The phylogenetic relationships of magnorder Boreoeutheria are shown in the following cladogram, reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and protein characters, as well as the fossil record.

See also 
 Mammal classification
 Placentalia

Notes

References

Additional references

External links
 
 

 
Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
Valentyne Suite

Valentyne Suite is the second album released by the band Colosseum. It was Vertigo Records' first album release, and reached number 15 in the UK Albums Chart in 1969. The album peaked at number 18 in Australia in 1970.

Though the song "The Kettle" is officially listed as having been written by Dick Heckstall-Smith and Jon Hiseman, a credit which is confirmed by Hiseman's liner notes for the album, bassist and producer Tony Reeves later claimed that it was written by guitarist and vocalist James Litherland. The song's riff was later interpolated in three songs, notably "Ya Mama" by Fatboy Slim.

Reception

 
AllMusic derided the first three tracks, referring to "The Kettle" and "Butty's Blues" as, "tarted-up 12-bar blues", and claiming that "Elegy" was beyond James Litherland's abilities as a vocalist. They were more approving of the rest of the album, and described Dave Greenslade's solo on "The Valentyne Suite" as, "something to offer a challenge to vintage Keith Emerson, but with swing." They were critical of Litherland and Reeves's playing on the song, however, and concluded, "In retrospect this might not quite the classic it seemed at the time, but it remains listenable..."

Track listing
Valentyne Suite was originally written with "Beware the Ides of March" as the final movement, but since "Beware the Ides of March" had already been released in the UK on Those Who Are About to Die Salute You, "The Grass is Always Greener" was substituted for the final movement in the UK release. Compact Disc issues of the suite follow the track listing of the UK release.

Personnel

Colosseum
Dave Greenslade – Hammond organ, vibraphone, piano, backing vocal on "The Machine Demands a Sacrifice"
Dick Heckstall-Smith – saxophones, flute on "The Machine Demands a Sacrifice"
Jon Hiseman – drums, machine on "The Machine Demands a Sacrifice"
James Litherland – guitars, lead vocals
Tony Reeves – bass guitars

Guest musicians
Neil Ardley – conductor on "Butty's Blues", string arrangement on "Elegy"

References

1969 albums
Colosseum (band) albums
Vertigo Records albums
Bronze Records albums
Albums produced by Gerry Bron
Albums arranged by Neil Ardley
Albums conducted by Neil Ardley
Memories and Portraits

Memories and Portraits is a collection of essays by Robert Louis Stevenson, first published in 1887.

Contents
I.    The Foreigner at Home
II.   Some College Memories
III.  Old Morality
IV.   A College Magazine
V.    An Old Scotch Gardener
VI.   Pastoral
VII.  The Manse
VIII. Memories of an Islet
IX.   Thomas Stevenson
X.    Talk And Talkers: First Paper
XI.   Talk And Talkers: Second Paper
XII.  The Character of Dogs
XIII. "A Penny Plain and Twopence Coloured"
XIV.  A Gossip on a Novel of Dumas's
XV.   A Gossip on Romance
XVI.  A Humble Remonstrance

External links
 

1887 non-fiction books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
Essay collections
Chatto & Windus books
Daughter of Time (album)

Daughter of Time is the fourth album by English jazz rock band Colosseum, released in 1970. The album remained for five weeks in the UK Albums Chart peaking number 23. Recorded in the midst of an upheaval in the band's lineup, only one of its eight tracks, "Three Score and Ten, Amen", features all six of the official band members.

Background
The song "Downhill and Shadows" was named by co-writer Jon Hiseman from a quote by actor Robert Mitchum.

Reception

Mike DeGagne gave the album a rave retrospective review in Allmusic, chiefly praising the wide variety of instruments used, but also acknowledging the melancholy tones and sense of drama. His only criticism was that the songs are too short, "all around six minutes in length" (in fact, only three of the songs are around six minutes in length, and half of them are much shorter).

Track listing

Personnel
 Chris Farlowe – lead vocals (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7)
 Dick Heckstall-Smith – soprano and tenor saxophones; spoken word (track 1)
 Dave "Clem" Clempson – guitar; lead vocals (track 3)
 Dave Greenslade – organ, piano, vibes, backing vocals
 Mark Clarke – bass guitar (tracks 1, 5, 7)
 Jon Hiseman – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
Barbara Thompson – flute, alto, soprano, tenor, and baritone saxophones, backing vocals (tracks 1-4)
Louis Cennamo – bass guitar (tracks 2-4, 6)

References

Colosseum (band) albums
1970 albums
Albums produced by Gerry Bron
Vertigo Records albums
Dunhill Records albums
Bronze Records albums
Colosseum Live

Colosseum Live is a live album by Colosseum, released in 1971. It was one of the band's most commercially successful albums, remaining in the UK Albums Chart for six weeks and peaking at number 17. The album peaked at number 48 in Australia in 1972.

This album was recorded at Manchester University (March 18, 1971) and the Big Apple, Brighton (March 27, 1971), on the Daughter of Time tour. After Colosseum Live, the band broke up for 23 years and reunited in 1994 with exactly the same line-up..

Reception
Allmusic wrote that "With good material, some towering performances, and a powerful atmosphere, this is everything you could hope for from a live album." They made note of the performances of all the players except Dave Greenslade, and commented that the band arrangements, duets during the fills, and the way solos flow from one to the other are all interesting and effective.

Track listing 
 "Rope Ladder to the Moon" (Pete Brown, Jack Bruce) – 9:43
 "Walking in the Park" (Graham Bond) – 8:21
 "Skelington" (Dave Clempson, Jon Hiseman) – 14:52
 "Tanglewood '63" (Mike Gibbs) – 10:12
 "Encore... "Stormy Monday Blues"" (T-Bone Walker) – 7:29
 "Lost Angeles" (Dave Greenslade, Dick Heckstall-Smith, Chris Farlowe) – 15:43
 "I Can't Live Without You" (James Litherland) – 7:28  [Bonus Track on later edition CD]

Personnel 
Colosseum
 Mark Clarke - bass, vocals
 Dave "Clem" Clempson - guitars, vocals
 Chris Farlowe - vocals
 Dave Greenslade - organ, vibraphone
 Dick Heckstall-Smith - saxophones
 Jon Hiseman - drums

References 

Colosseum (band) live albums
1971 live albums
Bronze Records live albums
Warner Records live albums
Castle Communications live albums
Albums produced by Gerry Bron
Albums produced by Mark Clarke
Albums produced by Clem Clempson
Albums produced by Chris Farlowe
Albums produced by Dave Greenslade
Albums produced by Dick Heckstall-Smith
Albums produced by Jon Hiseman
Mount Muhabura

Mount Muhabura, also known as Mount Muhavura, is an inactive volcano in the Virunga Mountains on the border between Rwanda and Uganda. At  Muhabura is the third highest of the eight major mountains of the mountain range, which is a part of the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Its summit contains a small crater lake. The limited evidence for this volcano suggests that it last erupted some time in the Holocene, but the exact date is not known. Muhabura is partly in the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda and partly in the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Uganda.

The name Muhabura means "The Guide" in the local language, Kinyarwanda.

It can be seen from many parts of Uganda and Rwanda because of its slope.

See also
 List of volcanoes in Rwanda
 List of volcanoes in Uganda

References

External links 
 Hike Muhabura Volcano with Bamboo Ecotours
 Mount Muhabura (Muhavura)

Mount Muhabura
International mountains of Africa
Volcanoes of Africa
Mountains of Rwanda
Mountains of Uganda
Stratovolcanoes of Rwanda
Stratovolcanoes of Uganda
Mount Muhabura
Mount Muhabura
Four-thousanders of Africa
U33

U33 may refer to:
 
 , a sloop of the Royal Navy
 Small dodecicosidodecahedron
 Small nucleolar RNA Z195/SNORD33 family
List of teams and cyclists in the 2005 Vuelta a España

This is a list of teams and cyclists for the 2005 Vuelta a España.

2005 Vuelta a España
2005
Flingern

Flingern is a quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 2. Located northeast of Düsseldorf (proper), it is divided into two Stadtteile today: Flingern-Nord and Flingern-Süd.
While Flingern-Nord has a younger population and is more attractive to middle-class families, Flingern-Süd is still mostly home to working-class people. Flingern has an area of , and 36,151 inhabitants (2020).

Flingern was first mentioned in 1193 as a forested area that was ruled by the Knights Hayc of Flingern. In the 13th and 14th centuries the City of Düsseldorf grew on the grounds of the Knights Hayc von Flingern. By the end of the 14th century the knights lost their influence.

Jan Wellem, Elector Palantine, constructed the Flinger Steinweg which was a paved road leading from Düsseldorf through Flingern to Gerresheim.

During the Industrial Revolution Flingern became an industrial and working class town and to this day it has many old and new factories. Only the old facade remains of the old baths of the early 20th century, which has been converted into a modern wellness center on the inside. An old steel factory was converted to a popular discothèque called Stahlwerk and was one of the early venues playing Techno music in the 1990s.

References

External links

 Communal Administration, District Mayor (German)
 Communal Administration (German)

Urban districts and boroughs of Düsseldorf
Dittmer, Missouri

Dittmer is an unincorporated community in western Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 30 southwest of Cedar Hill.

The community's namesake is William Dittmer, an early postmaster who established a post office called Dittmer's Store in 1870. An 1891 railroad map calls the community "Dittmer's Store." It was officially named Dittmer in 1899.

Today, Dittmer is home to the Vianney Renewal Center, a treatment center for Catholic clergy with sexual or other disorders.

References

Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri
Boreotropical flora

Boreotropical flora were plants that may have formed a belt of vegetation around the Northern Hemisphere during the Eocene epoch.  These included forests composed of large, fast-growing trees (such as dawn redwoods) as far north as 80°N.

See also
 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

References
 Fossil Forests and Palaeoecology of the Cretaceous and Tertiary

 
Phytogeography
Eocene plants
José Marín (racewalker)

José Marín Sospedra (Catalan: Josep Marín i Sospedra; born 21 January 1950) is a retired Spanish racewalker.

Achievements

External links

Josep Marín in the Catalonia's Championship

1950 births
Living people
Spanish male racewalkers
Athletes from Catalonia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Spain
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Spanish masters athletes
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Mediterranean Games
World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships winners
Fletcher, Missouri

Fletcher is an unincorporated community in western Jefferson County, Missouri, United States.

The community lies on Calico Creek approximately one-half mile east of the Jefferson-Washington county line.  It is located approximately ten miles west of De Soto along Missouri Route H.

A post office called Fletcher has been in operation since 1896. The community was named after Missouri governor Thomas Clement Fletcher (1827–1899), who served 1865–1869.

References

Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Missouri
Populated places established in 1896
Unincorporated communities in Missouri
WMDR

WMDR may refer to:

 WMDR (AM), a radio station (1340 AM) licensed to Augusta, Maine, United States
 WMDR-FM, a radio station (88.9 FM) licensed to Oakland, Maine, United States
 WXLP, a radio station (96.9 FM) licensed to Moline, Illinois, United States, which held the WMDR call sign from 1970 to 1975
Tommie Eriksson

Tommie Eriksson (also known as Tommy Eriksson) is a Swedish musician. He founded doom band Saturnalia Temple in 2006.

Background
Eriksson founded the metal band Nocturnal Rites together with Fredrik Mannberg in 1990, though then belonging to the death metal scene. Tommie left Nocturnal Rites in 1994. (From Nocturnal Rites biography)

In 1995 he formed the musical project Shadowseeds, releasing the album The Dream of Lilith through Dark Age Records/Megarock Records. This release belongs to the metal/industrial genre. In 2004, Shadowseeds released a dark ambient CD-R titled Der Mitternacht Löwe, based on the theories of 17th century Swedish mystic Johannes Bureus.

Eriksson played guitar with symphonic metal band Therion in 1995, then took drumming duties in 1996-1997, and again guitar on the albums Vovin in 1998 and Crowning of Atlantis in 1999.

Tommie's drone/ambient project Skopolamin has co-operated with Swedish poet Iodine Jupiter for live shows in 2003 and on his book/DVD in 2005.

In 2012 Tommie co-founded 1970s band The Tower. He is back on the drums in this band.

Saturnalia Temple
Tommie founded doom metal band Saturnalia Temple in 2006. The band played on Hell's Pleasure in 2011, Roadburn Festival in 2012 and Heavy Days in Doomtown in 2013, as well many more gigs around Europe.

Discography 
 UR- 2007 demo, released independently. 
 Saturnalia Temple - 2009 EP, released through Nuclear Winter Records.
 On the Powers of the Sphinx - 2010 split with bands Nihil Nocturne, Nightbringer and Aluk Todolo, released through The Ajna Offensive
 Aion of Drakon - 2011 full-length album, released through The Ajna Offensive
 Impossibilium - 2013 EP, released through The Ajna Offensive
 To the Other - 2015 full-length album, released through Listenable Records.

References

Notes

Therion (band) members
Swedish heavy metal guitarists
Swedish heavy metal drummers
1975 births
Living people
21st-century drummers
Hell's Bells

Hell's Bells or Hells Bells may refer to:

Music
 "Hells Bells" (song), a 1980 song by AC/DC
 Hells Bells (album), a 1980 album by John Hicks
 "Hell's Bells", a piece of music written by Art Kassel and recorded in 1932 
 "Hell's Bells", a 1979 song by Bruford from One of a Kind

Film and television
 Hell's Bells (film), a Walt Disney Silly Symphonies cartoon
 Hell's Bells: The Dangers of Rock 'N' Roll, a 1989 Christian documentary film about rock and roll
 Hell's Bells (TV series), a British comedy series starring Derek Nimmo
 "Hell's Bells" (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), a 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer

Other uses
 Hell's Bells (play), a 1925 comedy play by Barry Conners
 Hells Bells (cave formations), subaqueous rock formations in the El Zapote cenote of Mexico
 Deadly Towers or Hell's Bells, a game for the Nintendo Entertainment System
 Datura stramonium or hell's bells, a hallucinogenic plant species

See also
 "The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-ling-a-ling", a popular song from World War I
 Belle Gunness, a Norwegian-American serial killer nicknamed "Hell's Belle"
 Hell's Belles (disambiguation)
Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002

A total solar eclipse took place on December 4, 2002, with a magnitude of 1.0244. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.
It was visible from a narrow corridor in southern Africa, the Indian Ocean and southern Australia. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Africa and Australia. During the sunset after the eclipse many observers in Australia saw numerous and unusual forms of a green flash.

In some parts of Angola, it was the second total eclipse of the Sun within 18 months, following the Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001.

Images

Gallery

Related eclipses

Eclipses of 2002 
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on May 26.
 An annular solar eclipse on June 10.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 24.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 20.
 A total solar eclipse on December 4.

Tzolkinex 
 Preceded: Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995

 Followed: Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010

Half-Saros 
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of November 29, 1993

 Followed: Lunar eclipse of December 10, 2011

Tritos 
 Preceded: Solar eclipse of January 4, 1992

 Followed: Solar eclipse of November 3, 2013

Solar Saros 142 
 Preceded: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1984

 Followed: Solar eclipse of December 14, 2020

Inex 
 Preceded: Solar eclipse of December 24, 1973

 Followed: Solar eclipse of November 14, 2031

Solar eclipses 2000–2003

Saros 142

Tritos series

Metonic series

Notes

References
 Fred Espenak and Jay Anderson. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2002 December 4". NASA, November 2004.

 Google Map

Photos:
 Spaceweather.com: Dec. 4, 2002, Solar Eclipse Gallery and 
 Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site. Australia
 Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site. South Africa and Mozambique
 KryssTal - Eclipse from Botswana.
 Images from Australia by Crayford Manor House Astronomical Society  
 Total Solar Eclipse of 4 December 2002 seen in EUMETSAT satellite imagery .
 Zimbabwe Solar Eclipse, APOD 12/6/2002, Corona from Zimbabwe-South Africa border
 The Crown of the Sun, APOD 12/13/2002, Corona of total eclipse from Musina, South Africa
 Shadow Cone of a Total Solar Eclipse, APOD 1/6/2003, totality from South Australia

2002 12 04
2002 in science
2002 12 04
December 2002 events
2002 in Angola
2002 in Zambia
2002 in Zimbabwe
2002 in Botswana
2002 in Mozambique
2002 in South Africa
December 2002 events in Australia
Evansville Central High School

Evansville Central High School, also known as Central High, is a public high school on the north side of Evansville, Indiana. It is the oldest high school in continuous operation west of the Allegheny Mountains. It was established in 1854 as Evansville High School. The name was changed to Central High School in 1918 when FJ Reitz High School was built.

Central moved to its current location on the far north side of Evansville in the early 1970s. It is sometimes called "Vanderburgh Central" because of its location near the geographic center of Vanderburgh County, in addition to its status as the county's oldest high school.  For many years, it was the northernmost high school in the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation; it was four miles northwest of Evansville North High School. However, with the completion of the new North High School campus in northern Vanderburgh County, geographic correctness was restored to the name.

Academics 
Central High School received an "A" as its final letter grade for school accountability.

Notable alumni
 Andy Benes (born 1967), Major League Baseball player
 Lowell Galloway (1921–1979), professional basketball player
 Lee H. Hamilton (born 1931), U.S. Democratic Representative, Indiana 9th Congressional District
 Aaron Patzer, entrepreneur and founder of Mint.com personal financial management service
 Lloyd Winnecke (born 1960), Mayor of Evansville

References

External links 
Central High School Home Page
Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation

High schools in Southwestern Indiana
Schools in Evansville, Indiana
Public high schools in Indiana
Educational institutions established in 1854
Southern Indiana Athletic Conference
1854 establishments in Indiana
No me enseñaste

"No me enseñaste" () is one of the most successful singles of Thalía to date, taken off her self-titled studio album Thalía. It was released as the second single in America, meanwhile it was released as the third one in Europe.

In March 2022, Billboard named it as the 87th best song of 2002.

More information 
The song was written by Estéfano and Julio Reyes, and produced by Estéfano. The music video for this single was directed by Antti Jokinen and shot in New York City, on this video, Thalía sings with a band in a garage, and in some scenes she sings under the rain. The video was broadcast for first time in August 2002.

Track listings 
CD single
"No me enseñaste" – 4:25
"No me enseñaste" [Marc Anthony Mix / Salsa Remix] – 4:30
"No me enseñaste" [Estéfano Mix / Dance Remix] – 4:18
"No me enseñaste" [Regional Version] – 3:05

Official Remixes/Versions 
 Album Version
 Marc Anthony Mix / Salsa Remix
 Estéfano Mix / Dance Remix
 Regional Version
 Obaman Club Mix
 Obaman Radio Mix

Chart performance
On the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart in United States the single debuted at number 49 in the week of August 24, 2002, and climb to number-one nine weeks later, becoming Thalía's third chart topper there (and second consecutive). No Me Enseñaste spent two weeks at pole position, twelve non-consecutive weeks in the Top Ten and 28 weeks in the chart.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links 
"No Me Enseñaste" music video

2002 singles
Number-one singles in Spain
Spanish-language songs
Thalía songs
Pop ballads
Songs written by Estéfano
EMI Latin singles
2002 songs
Songs written by Julio Reyes Copello
Song recordings produced by Estéfano
Robert Arnott Wilson

Robert Arnott Wilson (born 1958) is a retired mathematician in London, England, who is best known for his work on classifying the maximal subgroups of finite simple groups and for the work in the Monster group. He is also an accomplished violin, viola and piano player, having played as the principal viola in the Sinfonia of Birmingham. Due to a damaged finger, he now principally plays the kora.

Books
 
An Atlas of Brauer Characters (London Mathematical Society Monographs) by Christopher Jansen, Klaus Lux, Richard Parker, Robert Wilson. Oxford University Press, USA (October 1, 1995)

as editor

Selected articles
 
 with Peter B. Kleidman: 
 with R. A. Parker: 
 with M. D. E. Conder and A. J. Woldar: 
 
 
 
 
 
 with Petra E. Holmes:

References

External links
Wilson's online Atlas of finite group representations
Homepage
Mathematics Genealogy Project entry on Wilson

1958 births
Living people
20th-century English mathematicians
21st-century English  mathematicians
Group theorists
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English classical violists