alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Menikdiwela

Menikdiwela is a town in the western part of the Kandy District on the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Geography and Demography 
The town is situated near the Kegalle District border. Kandy is the nearest city (around 20 km) from this town.

According to the Local governing body, the population of Menikdiwela as of 2008 is about 1,000.

Civil affair 
The town is famous for various agricultural products like rice. Menikdiwela is also the hometown of Sirasa Superstar first season second Runner-up Amila Perera and J. R. Jayawardane's official secretariat W. M. P. B. Menikdiwela. In the beginning, the town started with only seven houses and developed.

Kandy-Pottapitiya and Kandy-Hataraliyadda (Via Thismada) roads split in Menikdiwela Junction.

Menikdewela Central College is also located at Menikdiwela.

External links 

Populated places in Kandy District
Salthill and Monkstown railway station

Salthill and Monkstown railway station () serves the areas of Salthill (on the coast) and Monkstown (just inland) in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland.

It is situated between Seapoint and Dún Laoghaire DART stations. The station has a car park, ticket office, automated ticket and vending machines. The ticket office is open between 05:45-00:15 AM, Monday to Sunday.

History
The original Salthill station opened in May 1837. It was built by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway. It closed in 1960 and was electrified and reopened in 1984 with the arrival of DART services.

Transport services 
There is no direct public transport to or from the station. The nearest bus stops are in Monkstown village, located less than 300 m from the station, which are served by the following:

Dublin Bus Routes:

 7 / 7A from Mountjoy Square to Bride's Glen / Loughlinstown. Route 7 provides a connection to the Luas Green Line terminus at Bride's Glen
 7N Nitelink from Dublin city centre to Shankill, via Blackrock (Fri & Sat only)

Private Operators

 Aircoach route 703 from Killiney to Dublin Airport, via Monkstown

There is also a taxi rank in Monkstown village and a large car park adjacent to the station

See also 
 List of railway stations in Ireland

References

External links 
Irish Rail Salthill and Monkstown Station Website

Iarnród Éireann stations in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
1837 establishments in Ireland

Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1837
How Do U Want It

"How Do U Want It" is a song by American rapper 2Pac from his fourth studio album, All Eyez on Me (1996). It was released on June 4, 1996 as a double a-sided single with "California Love" from the same album and was his final single to be released during his lifetime. The song features R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, who at the time were best known as the lead singers of the group Jodeci.  The song reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, becoming Death Row Records first and only chart topping single, and number seventeen in the UK in 1996. The song received a Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Grammy nomination in 1997.  

Produced by Johnny "J", "How Do U Want It" samples Quincy Jones' 1974 song "Body Heat", and includes a diss towards civil rights activist and fierce rap critic C. Delores Tucker.  Tucker later sued 2Pac's estate, claiming that comments in this song, and on the track "Wonda Why They Call U Bitch" from the same album, inflicted emotional distress, were slanderous, and invaded her privacy.  The case was later dismissed.  A music video was created for "How Do U Want It" and its B-sides "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" and "Hit 'Em Up".

Music videos

There were three videos filmed for this song: 
A dirty version and a clean version, both directed by Ron Hightower and produced by Tracy D. Robinson. These two versions are distinguished by music ratings (one is certified adult material). The videos portray a wild sex party with Jacuzzi, mechanical bull riding, cage dancing and pole stripping. The dirty version also features numerous porn stars, including Nina Hartley, Heather Hunter, Nadia Cassini and Angel Kelly.
The third version, known as the concert version, is mostly live on stage (not from the House of Blues live performance). There are cameo appearances by K-Ci & JoJo, and fellow group member of Digital Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments.

Track listing
A1. "How Do U Want It" (LP Version)
A2. "California Love" (Long Radio Edit)
B1. "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (LP Version)
B2. "Hit 'Em Up"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also 
Hot 100 number-one hits of 1996 (USA)

Notes

External links
Interview with Heather Hunter
MVDBase entry
Official Nina Hartley website

1996 singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Songs written by Quincy Jones
Tupac Shakur songs
Songs written by Leon Ware
Songs written by Tupac Shakur
1996 songs
Yugorsk

Yugorsk () is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located in the northwestern part of the East-West lowland,  from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population:

Geography
The relief in the town is flat. The town is surrounded by forests. The Ess River flows  from the town.

History

The settlement of Komsomolsky was built in 1962 to support timber and natural gas industries. The settlement grew as the gas fields of Western Siberia were being explored, and the production association Tyumentransgas (since 2007 GazpromTransgazYugorsk) developed. In March 1959, subdivisions of railway troops started the construction of the "Ivdel-Ob" railway.

The town was renamed Yugorsk in July 1992. The name originates from the name of the land "Yugra", or "Yugoria"—the place where the Khanty and Mansi peoples live.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Yugorsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Yugorsk is incorporated as Yugorsk Urban Okrug.

Employment
The OOO Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk gas company is based in Yugorsk.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union
Populated places established in 1962
Polányi

 
Polányi, Polanyi is a surname. There have been a number of prominent individuals in the Polanyi family, illustrated in the following family tree:

Adolf Pollacsek (1820–1871) ∞ Zsófia Schlesinger
Mihály Pollacsek (March 21, 1848, Dluha (Dlhá nad Oravou) – January 10, 1905, Budapest), prominent member of the bourgeoisie involved in railroads ∞ (1881 in Warsaw) Cecília Wohl (, ; 1862, Vilnius – 1939, Budapest), daughter of Lithuanian Rabbi Alex Wohl, held a literary salon in Budapest
Laura Polanyi, later Striker (1882–1957), ∞ Sándor Striker
Eva Striker Zeisel, American industrial designer
Adolf Polányi
Karl Paul Polanyi (, 1886, Vienna – 1964, Pickering, Ontario), a Hungarian-Canadian political economist and author of The Great Transformation ∞ Ilona Duczyńska
Kari Polanyi Levitt (born 1923, Vienna), the Emerita Professor of Economics at McGill University
Sophia (Zsófia) Polányi
Michael Polanyi (; 1891, Budapest – 1976, Manchester), Hungarian chemist, philosopher of science, economist∞ Magda Elizabeth Polanyi
John Charles Polanyi (; born 1929, Berlin), Canadian Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry
Paul (Pál) Polányi
Lujza Pollacsek
Ervin Szabó (1877–1918)
Vilma Pollacsek
Irma Seidler, early love of György Lukács
Ernő Seidler, founding member of the Communist Party of Hungary

Other 
The name is also referenced in:
 Michael Polanyi Center (MPC), Baylor University
 The Eyring-Polanyi equation
 Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle

See also 
 Polany (disambiguation)
 Poľany
 Polány
 Magyarpolány

References 

Hungarian noble families
Jewish families
Hungarian Jews
Slovak Jews
Hungarian people of Slovak descent
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Jewish Hungarian history
Hungarian-language surnames
Hungarian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Double salt

A double salt is a salt that contains two or more different cations or anions. Examples of double salts include alums (with the general formula ) and Tutton's salts (with the general formula ). Other examples include potassium sodium tartrate, ammonium iron(II) sulfate (Mohr's salt), potassium uranyl sulfate (used to discover radioactivity) and bromlite . The fluorocarbonates contain fluoride and carbonate anions. Many coordination complexes form double salts.

Double salts should not be confused with complexes. Double salts only exist in the solid. When dissolved in water, a double salt acts as a mixture of the two separate salts: it completely dissociates into simple ions while a hexaaquo complex does not; the complex ion remains unchanged. Similarly, potassium hexaiodoytterbate(II)  is a complex salt and contains the discrete hexaiodoytterbate(II) ion , which remains intact in aqueous solutions. In many cases, the complex ion is indicated by square brackets "[ ]". Double salts are distinct from mixed-crystal systems where two salts cocrystallise; the former involves a chemical combination with fixed composition, whereas the latter is a mixture.

In general, the properties of the double salt formed will not be the same as the properties of its component single salts.

Gallery

References
Grady Ward

William Grady Ward (born April 4, 1951) is an American software engineer, lexicographer, and Internet activist who has been prominent in the Scientology versus the Internet controversy.

Biography
Grady Ward created the Moby Project, an extensive compilation of English language lexical resources, and in 1996 released it to the public domain. One of its components, Moby Thesaurus, has more than 2.5 million synonyms and related words, making it the largest thesaurus in the English language as of early 2006. Previously, Ward was known for compiling and distributing a public domain version of the complete works of William Shakespeare, Moby Shakespeare, which has been credited as being the most widely distributed works of Shakespeare in the world.

In 1993, his publisher, the Austin Code Works, was investigated for the export of strong cryptography; the US government at the time treated cryptographic software above a certain strength as the legal equivalent of munitions and restricted them accordingly. Ward spent time developing source code fragments collectively titled Moby Crypto to encourage the pervasive development of programs containing state-of-the-art cryptography. He also promoted the idea of creating secure, memorable pass-phrases through "shocking nonsense." On 30 March 1995 he aided in the distribution of an NSA employee handbook when it was leaked by the on-line magazine Phrack arguing that, if the government could not keep safe its own materials, then there was no reason for anyone to trust them to maintain a secure key escrow scheme the NSA had proposed.

In 1996 the Church of Scientology sued Ward, alleging that he was responsible for anonymous postings of material to which the Church claimed copyright. After several years of litigation in which Ward defended pro per in forma pauperis and responded to more than 1000 docket items in the Northern District of California, San Jose, the lawsuit was eventually settled on 12 May 1998. Ward prevailed on the Church's trade secret claim resulting in a dismissal with prejudice, but agreed to a stipulated judgement on its copyright claim. Without a finding of liability by Ward, he agreed to pay the Church $200 a month for life. Unusually for legal settlements with the Church of Scientology, the settlement was not secret, and contained no restrictions on what Ward could say about Scientology. The settlement itself became a source of ongoing legal dispute with two appeals to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

On February 16, 2012, Grady Ward published a novel, The Celestial Instructi0n, detailing a fictional attack on the United States information infrastructure.

See also 
 PGP word list
 Scamizdat

Notes

References

 Potty-Mouth FAQ
 D. J. Leonie Brinkema (E.D. Va.) Order, October 4, 1996 in RTC v. Lerma Civil Action No 95-1107-A.

External links 
 
 
 
 Grady Ward's Amazon Author Page

Critics of Scientology
Scientology and the Internet
Scientology and law
American software engineers
American lexicographers
American activists
Free speech activists
1951 births
Living people
American male non-fiction writers
Tour Pleyel

Tour Pleyel is a skyscraper of mixed use, both residential and commercial, located in the commune of Saint-Denis in the suburbs of Paris, France.

Built in 1972, the tower is 129 metres tall. At the top is a large turning advertising sign, in place since 1997 (the advertisement was firstly for Philips, then for Siemens from 2006 to 2013, and is currently for Kia Motors). Including that advertising sign, the total height of the tower is 143 m.

The tower has been built at the former location of the Pleyel et Cie factories. Several projects have been proposed since 1959, the one which had been adopted was planning the building of 4 identical towers in the middle of a large urban park of 4 ha. Plans for heliports on the roofs of the towers were even made. Only one of the originally planned towers has been built.

The tower is located nearby the metro station of Carrefour Pleyel on Line 13.

See also 
 Skyscraper
 List of tallest structures in Paris

References 

Pleyel
Buildings and structures completed in 1972
Pleyel
Skyscrapers in France
Martin Wilk

Martin Bradbury Wilk,  (18 December 1922 – 19 February 2013) was a Canadian statistician, academic, and the former Chief Statistician of Canada. In 1965, together with Samuel Shapiro, he developed the Shapiro–Wilk test, which can indicate whether a sample of numbers would be unusual if it came from a Gaussian distribution. With Ramanathan Gnanadesikan he developed a number of important graphical techniques for data analysis, including the Q–Q plot and P–P plot.

Education and career 
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a bachelor of engineering degree in chemical engineering from McGill University in 1945. From 1945 to 1950, he was a Research Chemical Engineer on the Atomic Energy Project at the National Research Council of Canada. From 1951 to 1955, he was a Research Associate, Instructor, and Assistant Professor at Iowa State University, where he received a Master of Science in Statistics in 1953 and a Ph.D. in Statistics in 1955 under the supervision of Oscar Kempthorne. From 1955 to 1957, he was a Research Associate and Assistant Director of the Statistical Techniques Research Group at Princeton University. From 1959 to 1963, he was a Professor and Director of Research in Statistics at Rutgers University.

In 1956, he joined Bell Telephone Laboratories and in 1970 joined American Telephone and Telegraph Company. From 1976 to 1980, he was the Assistant Vice President-Director of Corporate Planning. From 1980 to 1985, he was the Chief Statistician of Canada.

In 1981, he was appointed an Adjunct Professor of Statistics at Carleton University.

In 1962 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
In 1999, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his "insightful guidance on important matters related to our country's national statistical system".

See also
 Wilk – people with the surname Wilk

References

 
 
 A conversation with Martin Bradbury Wilk", C. Genest & G. Brackstone, Statistical Science, Vol. 25, No. 2. (May, 2010), pp. 258–272.

1922 births
2013 deaths
Canadian civil servants
Academic staff of Carleton University
Officers of the Order of Canada
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
People from Montreal
Rutgers University faculty
Canadian statisticians
Iowa State University faculty
Presidents of the Statistical Society of Canada
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Garden Valley, Idaho

Garden Valley is an unincorporated census-designated place in Boise County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 394. The mountain setting and recreation opportunities attract visitors from the Boise area. Life there during the pioneer days was quite harsh and economic opportunity was based on logging, mining, and ranching. In later years there was work as hunting guides.

History
Garden Valley's population was 25 in 1909, and was 10 in 1960.

Geography
Garden Valley has an area of ;  of this is land, and  is water.

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Garden Valley has a warm-summer mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Garden Valley was  on July 28, 1934 and August 3–4, 1961, while the coldest temperature recorded was  on January 21, 1937.

Demographics

Notable people
 James Castle, artist, was a native of Garden Valley.
 Paul Revere Dick, known professionally as Paul Revere, founder of rock group Paul Revere & the Raiders.

References

Census-designated places in Boise County, Idaho
Census-designated places in Idaho
Boise metropolitan area
Palm Springs Air Museum

The Palm Springs Air Museum (PSAM), is a aviation museum in Palm Springs, California focused on World War II aviation. Many of these aircraft have been used by motion picture companies in movies.

Located on the north-east side of the Palm Springs International Airport, the museum is made up of three main display hangars, theater, gift shop, ramp and airport access for flight demonstrations and visiting planes, research library, simulator and education center.

The museum also houses an extensive collection of aviation art by Stan Stokes.

History
The museum was founded by Bob Pond and Pete Madison. It opened to the public on 11 November 1996. Originally operating in concert with the Planes of Fame East Museum in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, following the closure of that museum the aircraft were moved to the Palm Springs Air Museum. The museum opened a new hangar, named for Major General Ken Miles, in May 2017.

The museum announced plans to renovate its entrance and add a large classroom in 2022.

Collection

 Aero S-106 1112
 Bell AH-1G Cobra 67-15574
 Bell H-13 Sioux – on loan
 Bell P-63A Kingcobra 42-68864
 Bell UH-1B Iroquois 63-8610
 Boeing-Stearman PT-17 Kaydet 38393
 Boeing VB-17G Flying Fortress 44-85778
 CAC Sabre F-8612/F-8607 – on loan
 Cessna O-2 Skymaster
 Consolidated PBY Catalina 48426
 Convair F-102A Delta Dagger 56-1432 – on loan
 Convair F-106B Delta Dart 57-2509
 Curtiss TP-40N Warhawk 44-7084
 Douglas B-26C Invader 44-35721
 Douglas RC-47 Dakota 035
 Douglas SBD-5 Dauntless 36176 – on loan
 Douglas TA-4J Skyhawk 154649 – on loan
 Erco 415D Ercoupe 4019
 Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar 53-8154 – fuselage only
 General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon 163277 – on loan
 Grumman A-6E Intruder 154162 – on loan
 Grumman C-1A Trader 146048
 Grumman F6F-5K Hellcat 94473
 Grumman F7F-3 Tigercat 80412
 Grumman F-14A Tomcat 160898 – on loan
 Grumman FM-2 Wildcat 55627
 Grumman G-58B Gulfhawk D-1262
 Grumman Gulfstream I – owned by Walt Disney, on loan from the Disney Archives
 General Motors TBM-3 Avenger 53785
 Lockheed F-104G Starfighter D-8244
 Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
 Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon 37211
 Lockheed TV-2 126591
 McDonnell Douglas F-4S Phantom II 153851 – on loan
 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet 162403 – on loan
 North American TB-25N Mitchell 44-86747
 North American F-100D Super Sabre 3-888
 North American P-51D Mustang 9273
 North American T-6G Texan 49-3402
 North American T-28B Trojan 138203
 Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler 163030 – on loan
 Piper J-3 Cub 4594
 Republic F-84F Thunderstreak 51-9531 – on loan
 Republic F-105D Thunderchief 61‐0108 – on loan
 Republic P-47D Thunderbolt 122
 Sikorsky UH-34D Seahorse 154895
 Supermarine Spitfire XIV SG108/RM694
 Vought FG-1D Corsair 92629

See also
List of aviation museums

References

Further reading
 
  (here for Table of Contents)

External links

 

Aerospace museums in California
Museums in Riverside County, California
Buildings and structures in Palm Springs, California
Military in Riverside County, California
Military and war museums in California
Tourist attractions in Palm Springs, California
Bashment

Bashment may refer to:

Bashment, another name for dancehall, a type of Jamaican popular music that developed around 1979
’’Bashment’’, a 2011 movie by Rikki Beadle-Blair, about a gay bashing at a reggae festival 
Bashment Time, an album by Gammy Award-winning Jamaican singer for kids Father Goose
"Bashment Boogie," a song by Roots Manuva, produced by Lotek from his 2001 album Run Come Save Me
Bashment, a play by British playwright Rikki Beadle-Blair, exploring the controversy around dancehall reggae music and the consequences of homophobic lyrics
Junko Kudō, Junko "Bashment" Kudo, 2002 dancer from Japan
 "The Bashments"- Reggae, Rocksteady, Ska group from Ontario California on Mossburg Music Label
Mystica (Axel Rudi Pell album)

Mystica is the eleventh album by German melodic hard rock and power metal guitarist Axel Rudi Pell, released in 2006.

The final artwork was done by Colombian illustrator Felipe Machado Franco, Axel explained the artwork: "The 5 knights are on their way home now since they released their crown back from the evil breed during their visit at the "Kings and Queens" castle. Their way will lead them back passing the "Shadow Zone" and sailing on through the "Oceans Of Time".Of course it is a rather mystical travel and they are attacked by various creatures... I included some of this lyrical content in a few of the new songs, but not in all of em."

Track listing
 "The Mysterious Return" (Intro) - 1:18
 "Fly to the Moon" - 5:33
 "Rock the Nation" - 5:29
 "Valley of Sin" - 7:10
 "Living a Lie" - 5:27
 "No Chance to Live" - 6:18
 "Mystica" - 8:26
 "Haunted Castle Serenade (Opus #4 Grazioso E Agresso)" - 3:52
 "Losing the Game" - 4:35
 "The Curse of the Damned" - 9:57

Personnel
Johnny Gioeli - vocals
Axel Rudi Pell - guitar
Volker Krawczak - bass guitar
Mike Terrana - drums
Ferdy Doernberg - keyboards

External links
Mystica at Axel Rudi Pell.de
[ Mystica at AllMusic.com]

Axel Rudi Pell albums
2006 albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums
Doomsday 1999 A.D.

Doomsday 1999: Countdown to a New Apocalypse is a book by Charles Berlitz, published in 1982 that lists scientific, religious, and other common predictions for impending doom from all corners of the world.

Summary
In the book, environment, famine, overpopulation, climate changes, floods, tornadoes, hothouse effect (now commonly referred to as greenhouse effect), etc. are generally predicted to worsen and become acute by the end of the 20th century. Berlitz lists of doomsday years is long. He starts with the year 999, December 31 when many expected Jesus to return, and goes through a great many doomsday prophecies by scientists, prophets, astrologers and others. In chapter 8, he asks whether the world has ended before, mentioning Atlantis, an idea which he revisits later in his books The Mystery of Atlantis and Atlantis: The Lost Continent Revealed.

Berlitz suggests that there may have been a flood, an idea which he explores further in his book The Lost Ship of Noah: In Search of the Ark at Ararat (1987) and in chapter 9 where he cites the tales of a great flood from the Bible and the Torah, Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Greek, Indian, Persian, Welsh, Norse, Lithuanian, Irish, Chinese, Aztec-Toltec, Maya records and Chibcha tales.

See also
Apocalyptic literature

1981 non-fiction books
Rovenki

Rovenki may refer to:
Rovenky (Rovenki), a city in Ukraine
Rovenki, Russia, a work settlement in Rovensky District of Belgorod Oblast, Russia
Kaiyodo

is a Japanese company which manufactures figurines and garage kits. Its headquarters is in Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture. While the company mostly focuses on anime related characters, it recently has acquired other licenses, e.g. King Kong, and some Godzilla characters.

Kaiyodo was originally a small shop in Japan, but grew into a famous company over the years, leading them to sell collectables worldwide. One of their most famous sculptors is Bome, who is most well known for his Mon-sieur BOME collection. In recent years, his figurines have become well known and sought by collectors, and his works have been displayed on a worldwide scale at conventions, including Paris, Tokyo etc.

Product lines
  is a portmanteau for "Revolver Technology," in reference to the unique "Revolver Joint" articulation which all of the figures in this particular series utilize. This gives the figures a wide range of motion and stability, allowing for many dynamic and varied poses.

The subject matter for the Revoltech line can be broadly split into four categories: Real Robot, Super Robot, Humanoid and Creature.  Thus far, robots and characters from anime, video games, manga, tokusatsu, film, television, audio drama and music have been covered. The revolver joint is composed of three pieces, two half spheres whose flat sections provide the friction surface for the articulation, and a cross section pin that locks the whole assembly into place. Both half-spheres have round cylindrical pegs used to connect the different body parts of any given figure.

References

External links

  
 Kaiyodo: Revoltech Site
 Shaft Enterprises - A Patlabor Website - The Fridge (Patlabor Database) - Models and Figures List - Garage Kits

2000s toys
Action figures
Anime companies
Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
Figurine manufacturers
Godzilla (franchise)
Japanese brands
Mass media in Kadoma, Osaka
Patlabor
Super robot anime and manga
Toy companies of Japan
Toy companies established in 1964
Japanese companies established in 1964
Toy robots
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc., 547 U.S. 28 (2006), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the application of U.S. antitrust law to "tying" arrangements of patented products.  The Court ruled unanimously that there is not a presumption of market power under the Sherman Antitrust Act when the sale of a patented product is conditioned on the sale of a second product in a tying arrangement.  A plaintiff alleging an antitrust violation must instead establish the defendant's market power in the patented product through evidence.

Background 
Independent Ink was a distributor of printer ink and related products. Trident manufactured ink-related products used in printers used to print bar codes on cardboard. Trident's license, when licensing its printing apparatus to those printers' manufacturers, required them to use Trident ink. However, it did not require end users of the bar-code printers to refill the printers with Trident ink cartridges. Trident did not, though, warranty its printer for use with others' ink cartridges.

In the course of a patent-infringement suit, Independent Ink alleged that Trident's license constituted a tying arrangement in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. (Illinois Tool Works then bought Trident, so was added as a defendant.) Its lawsuit was thrown out of the United States District Court for the Central District of California on summary judgment, June 3, 2002.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed summary judgment for the most part, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari.

Opinion of the Court 
The Court vacated the Federal Circuit's decision.

Footnotes

Further reading

External links 

2006 in United States case law
Computer printing
United States antitrust case law
United States patent case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
Ryszard Piec

Ryszard Leon Piec (born Richard Leon Pietz; 17 August 1913 – 24 January 1979) was a Polish footballer.

Piec spent whole life in his native town of Lipiny, which now today is a district of Świętochłowice, in Upper Silesia. He played for Naprzód Lipiny, a team which, in spite of several attempts, never managed to qualify to the Polish Soccer League. In 1935-39 he represented Poland in 24 matches, scoring 5 goals. His debut took place in 1935 against Yugoslavia.

He participated in 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, where Poland was placed on the 4th position, after losing 2:3 against Norway. During the Olympics, he played in three games - a qualifier versus Hungary (3:0), a quarterfinal versus Great Britain (5:4, he scored a goal) and a semifinal versus Austria (1:3). He also took part in a legendary 1938 World Cup Soccer match Poland - Brazil 5:6 (5 June 1938, Strasbourg, France).

During the Second World War German occupiers allowed Upper Silesians to participate in sports tournaments. Piec's club, Naprzód Lipiny, was forced to change its name to Turn und Sport (TUS) Lipine. Ryszard (then known as Richard Pietz), together with his brother Wilhelm Piec, was a key player in this team.

In the 1941-42 season of Germany Cup (DFB-Pokal), TUS Lipine with Piec brothers was a sensation. In round 3 the Silesians beat Adler Deblin 4:1, then in round 4, TUS Lipine beat Blau-Weiss 90 Berlin 4:1. In the semifinals however, professionals from TSV 1860 Munich proved to be too strong, beating TUS 6:0.

After the war Piec continued his career in Naprzód Lipiny, playing until 1951. Since then he was a coach.

References

See also
Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

People from Świętochłowice
1913 births
1979 deaths
Polish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Poland men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Poland
Sportspeople from the Province of Silesia
Footballers from Silesian Voivodeship
Minivan Daily

Minivan News is a private news website which was initially linked to Minivan Daily but in recent years has been editorially independent. It has a good reputation among diplomats and Maldivians abroad as a reliable news source. Minivan News was renamed to Maldives Independent and has suspended operations as of 31 January 2020.

External links
  Minivan Daily website
  Minivan News website
  Maldives Independent
Newspapers established in 2005
Newspapers published in the Maldives
English-language newspapers published in Asia

References
Wujek

Wujek (literally "uncle," in Polish) can refer to:
 Wujek Coal Mine, a mine where 9 workers were killed during a famous 1981 strike
 Jakub Wujek, a 16th-century Polish Jesuit who translated the Bible into Polish
 Wujek, Lublin Voivodeship, a village in east Poland
Tour CBX

Tour CBX or Tour Dexia is an office skyscraper located in Supercomplex 2 of the La Défense business district situated west of Paris, France.

Built from 2002 to 2005, the tower is 142 metres tall. The tower is built nearby the La Défense circular boulevard on its northern side, and a pedestrian bridge connects it to the district's esplanade on the southern side. The CBX tower is also one of the few towers in La Défense having an inclined roof.

The CBX Tower has its name in the name of attributed codes to the buildings in the plan mass of the Defense.  For example:

 PB12 (Puteaux - office building - 12th location), that is today the Tower Opus 12.
 CH13 (Courbevoie - dwelling building - 13th location), that is the residence Vision 80.

When the tower is looked at from the west, its shape recalls the shape of the Flatiron Building built in 1902 in New York City.

See also 
 Skyscraper
 La Défense
 List of tallest structures in Paris

External links 

 Tour CBX (Emporis)
 Tour CBX (Paris Skyscrapers)

Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
Kohn Pedersen Fox buildings
Office buildings completed in 2005
21st-century architecture in France
James Reimer (disambiguation)

James Reimer (born 1988) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender.

James Reimer may also refer to:

 A. James Reimer (1942–2010), Canadian Mennonite theologian
Free High School Science Texts

The Free High School Science Texts (FHSST) organization is a South African non-profit project, which creates open textbooks on scientific subjects. Textbooks are edited to follow the government's syllabus, and published under a Creative Commons license (CC BY), allowing teachers and students to print them or share them digitally.

History
FHSST was conceived in 2002 by Mark Horner, a physicist, when some rural South African children asked him to proofread notes that they had taken on a talk he gave on wave phenomena. The children intended to take the notes back to their schoolmates to use as a textbook on the subject.

Subjects
FHSST has released books for grades 10-12 on physics, chemistry and mathematics. They are developing books in life sciences and computer literacy and a guide to teach students how to study.

See also
 OpenCourseWare
 Open educational resources
 Open textbook
 Bookboon
 China Open Resources for Education
 Connexions
 Curriki
 Flat World Knowledge
 Flexbook
 Khan Academy
 MIT OpenCourseWare
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning India
 Open.Michigan
 Tufts OpenCourseWare

References

External links
 

Open content
Science textbooks
Pitcoudie

Pitcoudie is a housing area in North Glenrothes in the Kingdom of Fife, Scotland - comprising 396 terraced and semi-detached houses. Traditionally, a pitcoudie was a donkey, mule or work-horse which ferried coal and slag from the coal mines - spending most of its life underground. The area of Pitcoudie today exists on what was once an extensive range of mining-shafts and pits. There is also a primary school in the area, along with Pitteuchar West primary school in the south of Glenrothes, it is one of just two primary schools in Glenrothes to be open-planned.

Populated places in Fife
Glenrothes
Cláudio Adão

Cláudio Adalberto Adão, or simply Cláudio Adão (born in Volta Redonda, 2 July 1955), is a former Brazilian football player. A gifted forward, Adão was the top-scorer of almost every championship he's played.

His first professional club was Santos FC, where he arrived in 1972. When Pelé left Santos in 1974, the club predicted a brilliant future ahead for Adão as Pelé's natural replacement. But they couldn't predict Adão would suffer a serious injury that would leave him off of the pitch for several months.

Physicians believed Adão's career to be prematurely ended when Flamengo's coach, Cláudio Coutinho (who was himself a physical fitness expert) asked his club to sign Adão.

Santos let Adão go and, at Flamengo, he underwent intensive physical therapy. The results were fantastic and Adão quickly became an idol. Not only at Flamengo, but in every other club he has played for until he retired, hundreds of goals later, at almost 40 years old.

In Brazil, Adão played for Botafogo, Vasco, Fluminense, Portuguesa-SP, Corinthians, Bangu, EC Bahia, Cruzeiro, Portuguesa-RJ, Campo Grande-RJ, Ceará SC, Santa Cruz, Volta Redonda FC, Rio Branco-RJ and Desportiva-ES.

His international career included FK Austria Wien, Al Ain FC, Benfica and Sport Boys.

Adão further represented Brazil in the 1989 edition of the World Cup of Masters, scoring a hat trick in the final against Uruguay.

After retirement, he managed several clubs, CSA, Ceará, Rio Branco-ES, and Volta Redonda FC, his current club. As Rio Branco-ES manager, they won the 2001 Campeonato Capixaba.

See also

Felipe Adão his son

References

1955 births
Living people
Footballers from Volta Redonda
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian football managers
Men's association football forwards
São Paulo state football team players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Peruvian Primera División players
Santos FC players
CR Flamengo footballers
FK Austria Wien players
S.L. Benfica footballers
Fluminense FC players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Al Ain FC players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Bangu Atlético Clube players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
Sport Boys footballers
Campo Grande Atlético Clube players
Ceará Sporting Club players
Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players
Volta Redonda FC players
Rio Branco Atlético Clube players
Sport Boys managers
UAE Pro League players
Centro Sportivo Alagoano managers
Volta Redonda FC managers
Legião Futebol Clube managers
Clube Atlético Metropolitano managers
Mixto Esporte Clube managers
Brazilian beach soccer players
Pan American Games medalists in football
Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Footballers at the 1975 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1975 Pan American Games
Anti-Europeanism

Anti-Europeanism and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe.

In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (a British usage, standing for the European Union or European integration), it may refer to Euroscepticism, 
criticism of policies of European governments or the European Union. 
In the context of United States foreign policy, it may refer to the geopolitical divide between "transatlantic", "transpacific" and "hemispheric" (Pan-American) relations.

Usage

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, an insular European country, "Europhobia" refers to negative attitudes towards mainland Europe, either in the context of anti-German sentiment or of anti-Catholicism,
or, more recently, of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom.

United States
American exceptionalism in the United States has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries) and foreign policy (such as European countries that did not support the 2003 US invasion of Iraq).

See also

References

Further reading 

Earlier version: 

Anti-European sentiment
European
Politics of Europe
Orton Ceramic Foundation

The roots of the Orton Ceramic Foundation date back to the establishment of the "Standard Pyrometric Cone Company" in 1896 by Edward J. Orton, Jr. In 1894, he was appointed the first Chairman of the Ceramic Engineering Department at Ohio State University, the first ceramic engineering school in the United States.

Orton died in 1932. In accordance with his will a charitable trust was created to continue the "Standard Pyrometric Cone Company," now known as the "Edward Orton Jr. Ceramic Foundation", the "Orton Ceramic Foundation" or simply "Orton."  Based in Westerville, Ohio, USA, it has three areas of products and services:

 Produce for monitoring thermal processing.
 Design and build analytical for measuring thermal properties.
 Provide to measure thermal properties.

References

Organizations based in Ohio
Westerville, Ohio
Design companies established in 1896
1896 establishments in Ohio
Witold-K

Witold Leszek Kaczanowski alias Witold-K (Warsaw, May 15, 1932)  is a Polish-American artist.

He was born in Warsaw, Poland and studied at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts.

In 1964 he was sent to Paris by the Ministerstwo Kultury (Polish Ministry of Culture). He smuggled manuscripts of dissident writers from Poland and the Soviet Union into the West.

Witold-K received an award from The American Congress for the Freedom of Culture, in Paris in 1964. After receiving the award he was not allowed to return to Poland for many years. He moved to New York City in 1968.

In 1969 he relocated to California and briefly occupied the home of Abigail Folger and Wojciech Frykowski (both later murdered at 10050 Cielo Drive by the followers of Charles Manson), and opened his first studio/gallery in Beverly Hills. He also lived and worked in Santa Fe, New Mexico and Houston, Texas. Witold-K has been a resident of Denver, Colorado, since 1980.

References

External links
 Witold-K's website
 Witold-K exhibition of paintings in the Galeria Schody - 18.X.2013-15.XI.2013

Witold-K
Artists from Warsaw
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni
Living people
1932 births
Tom Rozum

Tom Rozum (born January 21, 1951 in Connecticut) is a Northern California-based American bluegrass mandolinist and singer. He is best known for his long-time collaboration with partner Laurie Lewis.

Music career
Originally from New England, Rozum moved to Berkeley from Arizona, where he played many kinds of traditional and original music with Summerdog and Flying South; and San Diego with the Rhythm Rascals. In 1986, he joined forces with Laurie Lewis as part of the original Grant Street Band. He plays primarily mandolin, but is also an accomplished fiddle, mandola, and guitar player. Rozum has been part of the staff of Bluegrass at the Beach, a music camp held in August on the Oregon Coast led by Laurie Lewis, since 1992.

A long-time fixture on the Bay Area music scene, Rozum is best known for "The Oak and the Laurel," his 1996 Grammy-nominated album of duets with Laurie Lewis. Rozum has also released a solo album "Jubilee" wherein he covers little-known country music by Merle Haggard, The Louvin Brothers and Bill Monroe interwoven with contemporary songs by David Olney and Mark Simos, among others.

References

External links
Official website
Bluegrass at the Beach website
 Tom Rozum interview with Mandolin Magazine

1951 births
Living people
American bluegrass musicians
American male singers
Old-time musicians
Singers from Connecticut
American bluegrass mandolinists
Country musicians from Connecticut
St Mary's Church, Swillington

St Mary's Church is located on Church Lane next to Swillington Primary School, on Wakefield Road, Swillington, West Yorkshire, England.  There has been a church at this location for at least 900 years. The Domesday Book of 1086 notes that 'a church is there' but no other records of that building remain. The church on the site today is a Grade II* listed building, over 600 years old, built around 1360. The tower was renovated in 1883–1884 with Harehills Stone, which has now weathered almost black, in stark contrast to the creamy yellow of the rest of the exterior.
Thomas Dealtry, rector of Swillington 1872–1878, is credited with having introduced the habit of throwing confetti at weddings, from his observation of rice thrown at Hindu weddings in his previous position as Archdeacon of Madras. His predecessor, the Rev A. F. A. Woodford, rector 1847–1872, was a noted masonic scholar and publisher, and became Grand Chaplain in 1863. He is credited, in 1886, with passing to William Wynn Westcott the Cipher Manuscripts leading to the formation of the Hermetic order of the Golden Dawn.

References

External links

Grade II* listed churches in West Yorkshire
Church of England church buildings in West Yorkshire
Ford Boss engine

Boss is the internal name for a family of large-displacement V8 engines from Ford Motor Company intended to compete with Chrysler's Hemi and General Motors' 6.0 L Vortec engines. Originally, Ford developed the engine architecture under the name Hurricane; however, development of the engine was delayed because of its temporary cancellation in 2005. It was revived in early 2006 by Mark Fields and was given the new name of Boss in light of the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In spite of this change, Ford did not officially market the engines with the Boss name in any production vehicle where they were used, instead referring to the engines by their displacement.

The first (and ultimately only) modern Boss engine, a 6.2 L V8, was produced at the Ford Romeo Engine Plant in Romeo, Michigan, from 2010 to the plant's closure in December 2022.

Ford Australia and Ford Performance Vehicles used the "Boss" name for V8 engines from 2002, but these were variations of the Ford Modular V8 with locally produced parts.

6.2 L

The  V8 is the main variant of the Boss engine. The V8 shares design similarities with the Modular Engine family such as a deep-skirt block with cross-bolted main caps, crankshaft-driven gerotor oil pump, overhead cam valve train arrangement, and bellhousing bolt pattern. In particular, the 6.2 L features a two-valve per cylinder SOHC valve train with roller-rocker shafts, hemispherical heads, and two spark plugs per cylinder, as well as dual-equal variable cam timing. Notably, it uses a much wider  bore spacing (compared to the Modular's ), allowing for the use of larger bore diameters and valves. The 6.2 L V8 has a bore diameter and stroke of . It has lightweight aluminum cylinder heads and pistons, but makes use of a cast-iron cylinder block for extra durability to meet the demands of truck use.

This V8 went into production in early 2010 and debuted in the 2010 Ford F-150 SVT Raptor as a late-availability option. A limited-edition version of the Raptor from Ford Racing called the Raptor XT features a high-output version of the 6.2 L V8 with about . For the 2011 model year, the 6.2 L V8 was introduced in the Ford F-250 and F-350 Super Duty as a replacement for both the 5.4 L Triton V8 and the 6.8 L Triton V10, and in the F-150 as the premium engine option, though it was not available in all configurations.

For 2017, the 6.2 L V8 in the Super Duty received new tuning and modified camshafts to bump torque to , while power remained at . It was also now mated to Ford's TorqShift G 6-speed transmission; Ford's Live-Drive Power Takeoff (PTO) Provision with Mobile Mode was also optional on 6.2 L equipped trucks. 

Applications:
 2010–2014 Ford F-150 Raptor,  @ 5500 rpm,  @ 4500 rpm
 2011–2014 Ford F-150,  @ 5500 rpm,  @ 4500 rpm
 2011–2016 Ford F-250/F-350 Super Duty,  @ 5500 rpm,  @ 4500 rpm
 2017–2022 Ford F-250/F-350 Super Duty,  @ 5750 rpm,  @ 3800 rpm
2017–2019 Ford E-350/E-450

See also
 List of Ford engines
 Ford Boss 302 engine
 Ford Boss 351 engine
 Willys Hurricane engine

References

B
V8 engines
Gasoline engines by model
Tunkhannock Creek

Tunkhannock Creek may refer to the following streams in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Tunkhannock Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
Tunkhannock Creek (Tobyhanna Creek)
Vena comitans

Vena comitans is Latin for accompanying vein and is also known as a satellite vein.  It refers to a vein that is usually paired, with both veins lying on the sides of an artery. They are found in close proximity to arteries so that the pulsations of the artery aid venous return.  Because they are generally found in pairs, they are often referred to by their plural form: venae comitantes.

Venae comitantes are usually found with certain smaller arteries, especially those in the extremities.  Larger arteries, on the other hand, generally do not have venae comitantes.  They usually have a single, similarly sized vein which is not as intimately associated with the artery.

Examples
Examples of arteries and their venae comitantes:
 Radial artery and radial veins
 Ulnar artery and ulnar veins
 Brachial artery and brachial veins
 Anterior tibial artery and anterior tibial veins
 Posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial veins
 Fibular artery and fibular veins

Examples of arteries that do not have venae comitantes (i.e. those that have "regular" veins):
 Axillary artery and the axillary vein
 Subclavian artery and the subclavian vein

References

External links
 
 Photo of Venae comitantes of the brachial artery

Human anatomy