alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Fermi point

The term Fermi point has two applications but refers to the same phenomena (special relativity):
Fermi point (quantum field theory)
Fermi point (nanotechnology)

For both applications count that the symmetry between particles and anti-particles in weak interactions is violated:
At this point the particle energy  is zero.
In nanotechnology this concept can be applied to electron behavior. An electron as a single particle is a fermion obeying the Pauli exclusion principle.

Fermi point (quantum field theory)
Fermionic systems that have a Fermi surface (FS) belong to a universality class in quantum field theory. Any collection of fermions with weak repulsive interactions belongs to this class. At the Fermi point, the break of symmetry can be explained by assuming a vortex or singularity will appear as a result of the spin of a fermi particle (quasiparticle, fermion) in one dimension of the three-dimensional momentum space.

Fermi point (nanoscience)

The Fermi point is one particular electron state. The Fermi point refers to an event chirality of electrons is involved and the diameter of a carbon nanotube for which the nanotube becomes metallic. As the structure of a carbon nanotube determines the energy levels that the carbon's electrons may occupy, the structure affects macroscopic properties of the nanotube structure, most notably electrical and thermal conductivity.

Flat graphite is a conductor except when rolled up into small cylinders. This circular structure inhibits the internal flow of electrons and the graphite becomes a semiconductor; a transition point forms between the valence band and conduction band. This point is called the Fermi point. If the diameter of the carbon nanotube is sufficiently great, the necessary transition phase disappears and the nanotube may be considered a conductor.

See also 
Fermi energy
Fermi surface
Bandgap

Notes

Critical phenomena
Nanoelectronics
Condensed matter physics
Quantum field theory
Special relativity
William Moore Benidickson

William Moore Benidickson,  (April 8, 1911 – April 1, 1985) was a Canadian politician. He was the Liberal-Labour Member of Parliament for Kenora—Rainy River for over twenty years.

Born in Manitoba of Icelandic stock, Benidickson served in World War II as a Wing-Commander in the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Following the war, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1945 federal election.

Due to the politics of Kenora—Rainy River which had a history electing Independent Labour politicians and where the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation posed a serious threat, the Liberals worked with the Communist Party of Canada to run Liberal-Labour candidates in federal and provincial elections. Accordingly, Benidickson ran and was elected as a "Liberal-Labour" MP for most of his parliamentary career though he always sat with the Liberal caucus and was considered a Liberal for all intents and purposes.

Benidickson served as parliamentary assistant to the minister of finance Douglas Abbott before serving in the same capacity to the minister of transport through the 1950s.

In 1963, Benidickson joined the cabinet of Lester Pearson as Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys. Pearson appointed him to the Senate of Canada in 1965 where he sat as a straight Liberal until his death in 1985.

Benidickson's wife, Agnes was a member of Winnipeg's prominent Richardson family and later served as chancellor of Queen's University.

References

External links

Some Honourable Members biographical sketches of several MPs, including Benedickson.

1911 births
1985 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian senators from Ontario
Liberal-Labour (Canada) MPs
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
People from Kenora District
Richardson family
Kuan Hsin-chi

Kuan Hsin Chi () is chairman of the Department of Government and Public Administration at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). He retired in 2006 but continues to teach political science part-time. He was chairman of the Hong Kong Civic Party from its foundation in 2006 until 2011.

Kuan, affectionately known as "Ah Gwan" (阿關), was born in Macau and graduated from Yuet Wah College (粵華中學) there.  After gaining his PhD degree from Munich University in 1972, he planned to take up teaching in Taiwan but was invited to teach at CUHK instead, where he spent his entire academic career until retirement.

During his 33-year career, as well as teaching political science Kuan was also dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and the university dean of students. Currently, he is the director of the Universities Service Centre and a member of the University Council.

His main research interests are political and legal culture and development, comparative politics, research methodology, political parties, and development of political science. He is one of the most widely respected scholars in Hong Kong.

He has always believed that full democracy is the only way to rebuild Hong Kong. Thinking that today's political parties are insufficient to achieve this aim, he helped found the Civic Party (公民黨), drawings its members from Legco legislators of the Article 45 Concern Group.

Political views

As chairman of the Civic Party, Kuan is naturally pro-democratic rights.  However, he caused controversy whilst speaking on Commercial Radio on 1 April 2006.  On the topic of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he said that focusing on the still-controversial event would adversely affect democratic development in Hong Kong, which should come first.  This view contrasts with those of most in the pro-democratic camp, and drawing criticism from the more radical Leung Kwok Hung (梁國雄), a.k.a. "Long Hair" (長毛).

External links
Staying On Kuan Hsin-chi

Leaders of political parties
Living people
Academic staff of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Macau people
Civic Party politicians
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2007–2012
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2017–2021
The Star (Florida)

The Star is a weekly newspaper published in Port St. Joe, Florida.  It was owned by Freedom Communications until 2012, when Freedom's Florida and North Carolina papers were sold to Halifax Media.

References

External links

 
 Official mobile site
 Freedom Communications subsidiary profile of The Star

Newspapers published in Florida
Gulf County, Florida
Freedom Communications
Panorama (database engine)

Panorama is a database engine and development environment for Macintosh and Microsoft Windows.  It was one of the first applications available for Mac OS, in 1984.

Overview

Panorama is database software for the Apple Inc. Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. It is a product of ProVUE Development.  According to its owner Jim Rea, ProVUE is the oldest third-party software company (apart from Microsoft) developing software for the Macintosh personal computer.   

Panorama's claim to fame is that the databases it creates are RAM-based; making them extremely fast. That said, as disk speeds and OS and application memory caching have improved, this speed benefit becomes less and less evident as years go by. Panorama is not as popular as FileMaker, its main competitor, though it has outlasted many similar products.  What it lacks in conforming to standard application conventions it makes up for in its potential for customisation, incorporating a powerful scripting language.

The current version of Panorama, now called PanoramaX, is 10.2.   

PanoramaX was released in November 2017.

References

External links
ProVUE Development homepage
Panorama information

Database engines
Mahuika

Mahuika is a Māori fire deity. Generally, Mahuika is female and wife of the god Auahitūroa.

Myths 
In some versions, she is the younger sister of Hine-nui-te-pō, goddess of death. It was from her that Māui (in some versions he is her grandson) obtained the secret of making fire. 

She married Auahitūroa and together they had five children, named for the five fingers on the human hand, called collectively Ngā Mānawa. The symbolism of this connection between toropuku (fingers) and fire is revealed in the stories where Māui obtains fire from Mahuika by tricking her into giving him her fingernails one by one.

She is also said to have played a role in the formation of Rangitoto Island, asking Ruaumoko, god of earthquakes and eruptions, to destroy a couple that had cursed her.

In some parts of New Zealand, Mahuika is a male deity. This is also the case in some parts of tropical Polynesia; for instance, in the Tuamotu archipelago and the Marquesas, Mahu-ika is the fire god who lives in the underworld in addition to being the grandfather of Maui. Maui wrestled him in order to win the secret of making fire.

In other parts of Polynesia, similar deities are known as Mafuiʻe, Mafuike, Mahui'e or Mahuike.

References
 E. Best, Maori Religion and Mythology, Part 2 (Dominion Museum Bulletin No.11. Museum of New Zealand: Wellington, 1982), 244–245.
 R.D. Craig, Dictionary of Polynesian Mythology (Greenwood Press: New York, 1989), 148.
 J.F. Stimson, Legends of Maui and Tahaki (Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press, 1934), 17–23.

Polynesian goddesses
Fire goddesses
Māori goddesses
The East Hampton Star

The East Hampton Star is a weekly, privately owned newspaper published each Thursday in East Hampton, New York. It is one of the few independent, family-owned newspapers still existing in the United States. The owners live in East Hampton Town.

The newspaper was founded by George Burling in 1885. His naming of the paper, using East Hampton as two words, created the modern spelling of the town's name. (It had been one word, "Easthampton", similar to neighboring Southampton.)

The Boughton family started publishing the paper in 1890 when Edward S. Boughton became publisher. It stayed in that family until 1935 when the Rattray family under Arnold E. Rattray began publishing it.  Five members of the Rattray family have run the paper: Arnold, Jeannette, Everett (their son), Helen S. Rattray (who has been publisher since 1980) and David E. Rattray, the current editor. Jennifer Landes is the arts editor.

The broadsheet is regularly filled with several pages of letters to the editor, because of its policy to publish "every letter to the editor it receives exclusively, with the exception of those sent anonymously, or those judged to be proselytizing, an invasion of privacy, libelous, or obscene." It is one of the first and only newspapers in the nation to print all letters received (that meet these requirements). The paper has reported on emerging issues surrounding development, land preservation, and historic preservation, and it contributes to East Hampton's level of civic activism and engagement in these matters.

References

External links
 

East Hampton (town), New York
Newspapers published in New York (state)
Newspapers established in 1885
Weekly newspapers published in the United States
1885 establishments in New York (state)
Water celery

Water celery is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

Oenanthe (plant), primarily:
Oenanthe javanica (Apiaceae), native to eastern Asia
Ranunculus sceleratus (Ranunculaceae), native to North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia
Vallisneria
Vallisneria americana (Hydrocharitaceae), native to North and South America
A Black and White Night

A Black and White Night may refer to

 Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night, a television special featuring Roy Orbison
 A Black & White Night Live, an album by Roy Orbison

See also
 Black and White (disambiguation)
Pan de coco

Pan de coco, literally "coconut bread" in Spanish, is a Filipino rich sweet roll that uses sweetened shredded coconut meat (bukayo) as filling.

See also
Asado roll
Pandesal
Pan de monja (Monáy)

References 

Sweet breads
Breads
Foods containing coconut
Philippine breads
Southeast Asian breads
Index of Japan-related articles (P)

This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter P. Names of people are listed by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T") and initial particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") are ignored (i.e., "A City with No People" is listed under "City").

Pa
Pac-Man
Pachinko
Pacific League
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Overtures
Pacific Theater of Operations
Pacific War
Pan (Dragon Ball)
Panasonic
Panasonic Q
Panty fetishism
Paper Mario
Para Para
Paradigm City
Paradise Kiss
PaRappa the Rapper
Parasite singles
Pauline (Nintendo)

Pc
PC Engine

Pe
PE'Z
Peace Preservation Law
The Peanuts
Pentax
Pente
Perfect Blue
Personal Digital Cellular
A Personal Matter

Ph
Phantasy Star Online
Philippine Airlines Flight 434

Pi
Piccolo (Dragon Ball)
Pikachu
The Pillow Book
The Pillows
Pilotwings
Pistol Opera
Pizzicato Five

Pl
Planetes
PlayStation
PlayStation 2
PlayStation 3
PlayStation Portable
Plaza Accord

Po
Pokémon
Pokémon Box
Pokémon Card Game
Pokémon Colosseum
Pokémon FireRed
Pokémon LeafGreen
Pokémon League
Pokémon Pikachu
Pokémon Ruby
Pokémon Stadium 2
Pole Position
Politics of Japan
Pom Poko
Ponzu
Porco Rosso
Pornography in Japan
Port Island
Porunga
Post-Occupation Japan
Posthumous name
Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Declaration
Poupée Girl
Power Stone

Pr
Prefecture
Prefectures of Japan
Pretty Sammy
Prime Minister of Japan
Prince Asaka (Yasuhiko)
Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko
Prince Hisaaki
Prince Koreyasu
Prince Morikuni
Prince Morinaga
Prince Munetaka
Prince Narinaga
Prince Nashimoto (Morimasa)
Prince Nashimoto Moriosa
The Prince of Tennis
Princess Peach
Prince Shōtoku
Princess Mononoke
Princess Tutu
Princess Zelda
Production I.G
Program (The Animatrix)
Project A-ko
Project Sugita Genpaku
Provinces of Japan
Provincial temple

Pu
Puni Puni Poemy
Pure Land Buddhism
PURPLE
Puyi
Puyo Puyo

P
Bakpia

Bakpia (; - the name it is known by in Indonesia) or Hopia (;  - the name it is known by in the Philippines) is a popular Indonesian and Philippine bean-filled moon cake-like pastry originally introduced by Fujianese immigrants in the urban centers of both nations around the past centuries. It is a widely available inexpensive treat and a favoured gift for families, friends and relatives.

In Indonesia, it is also widely known as bakpia pathok, named after a suburb of Yogyakarta which specialises in the pastry. These sweet rolls are similar to bigger Indonesian pia, the only difference being the size.

Types of dough

Flaky type
The flaky type of bakpia uses Chinese puff pastry. Clear examples of this can be seen in China (especially Macau), Taiwan and countries with established Chinese diaspora communities such as Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana making this type the authentic Chinese hopia. In addition, there is more skill involved in making this type of hopia crust.

Cake-dough type
Filipino hopia utilizes the cake-dough type in addition to the flaky type.

Fillings
Below are the four traditional and most popular bakpia or hopia fillings, though recently other fillings have been created such as cappuccino, cheese, chocolate, custard, durian, mango, pineapple, screwpine (pandan), and umbi talas (taro).

Mung bean 

The most popular flaky bakpia in Indonesia and hopia in the Philippines is filled with mung bean, which is called in  and in Filipino/, sometimes referred to in . As its name implies, it is filled with sweet split mung bean paste.

Pork
Pork hopia () is filled with a savoury bread-crumb paste studded with candied wintermelon, flavoured with scallion and enriched with candied pork back fat, hence its name. This type of hopia is also sometimes referred to as hopiang maalat (Tagalog for "salty hopia").

Purple yam 

Ube hopia () is a variant of hopia from the Philippines which use purple yam (; ). The filling is reminiscent of halayáng ube (ube jam), a traditional Filipino dessert eaten during Christmas season. Like other ube-based dishes, it has a unique, vivid violet colour and sweet taste.

Ube hopia was first introduced in the 1980s by Gerry Chua of Eng Bee Tin, a Chinese Filipino deli chain in the Binondo district of Manila noted for their fusion of Chinese and Filipino culinary traditions.

Azuki bean 
A variant from the Philippines that uses red azuki bean paste is called in . It differs from other hopia in that it is made from cake dough. It is small and round and is similar in filling, crust texture, and style to the Japanese kuri manjū, hence its name. These are also often formed into cubes and cooked on a griddle one side at a time instead of being baked in an oven.

See also

 Bánh pía
 Heong Peng
Pan de monggo

References

Kue
Indonesian Chinese cuisine
Javanese cuisine
Indonesian fusion cuisine
Indonesian pastries
Indonesian desserts
Filipino cuisine
Philippine fusion cuisine
Chinese fusion cuisine
Legume dishes
Gold (Rush album)

Gold is a compilation album by Canadian rock band Rush, released on April 25, 2006.

The Gold compilation is a repackaging of the two 1997 Rush compilation albums Retrospective I and Retrospective II, with the exception of the third track of Retrospective I "Something for Nothing," which has been removed and replaced by "Working Man" (last track, #14) on the first disc.

Track listing
All lyrics by Neil Peart unless noted, all music by Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson unless noted

Disc 1 
 "The Spirit of Radio"
 "The Trees"
 "Freewill"
 "Xanadu"
 "Bastille Day"
 "By-Tor and the Snow Dog"
 "Anthem"
 "Closer to the Heart" (Lyrics: Peart/Peter Talbot)
 "2112: Overture"
 "2112: The Temples of Syrinx"
 "La Villa Strangiato"(Music: Lee/Lifeson/Peart)
 "Fly by Night"
 "Finding My Way" (Lyrics: Lee)
 "Working Man" (Lyrics: Lee)

Disc 2 
 "The Big Money"
 "Red Barchetta"
 "Subdivisions"
 "Time Stand Still"
 "Mystic Rhythms"
 "The Analog Kid"
 "Distant Early Warning"
 "Marathon"
 "The Body Electric"
 "Mission"
 "Limelight"
 "Red Sector A"
 "New World Man"
 "Tom Sawyer" (Lyrics: Peart/Pye Dubois)
 "Force Ten" (Lyrics: Peart/Pye Dubois)

Track origins

Disc 1
Tracks 13 & 14 from Rush (1974)Tracks 6, 7 & 12 from Fly by Night (1975)Track 5 from Caress of Steel (1975)Tracks 9 & 10 from 2112 (1976)Tracks 4 & 8 from A Farewell to Kings (1977)Tracks 2 & 11 from Hemispheres (1978)Tracks 1 & 3 from Permanent Waves (1980)

Disc 2
Tracks 2, 11 & 14 from Moving Pictures (1981)Tracks 3, 6 & 13 from Signals (1982)Tracks 7, 9 & 12 from Grace Under Pressure (1984)Tracks 1, 5 & 8 from Power Windows (1985)Tracks 4, 10 & 15 from Hold Your Fire (1987)

Personnel 
Geddy Lee    – bass, vocals, synthesizers
Alex Lifeson – acoustic and electric guitars
Neil Peart   – drums, percussion, lyricist
John Rutsey  – drums on "Finding My Way" and "Working Man"
with:
Aimee Mann – vocals on "Time Stand Still"

See also 
 Retrospective I
 Retrospective II
 Retrospective III: 1989–2008

References 

Rush
2006 compilation albums
Rush (band) compilation albums
Mercury Records compilation albums
Inipit

Inipit is a Filipino flat pastry made of flour, milk, lard, and sugar that have various filling sandwiched in between two sheets of the pastry. The name inipit means "pressed in between" or "sandwiched" in Tagalog.

Originally, the filling consists of a sweetened mashed potato mixture but other fillings especially custard, buttercream, and ube have become more common in the modern times. The towns of Guiguinto and Malolos in Bulacan are well known for their inipit. Philippine snack brand Lemon Square, which is based in Meycauayan, Bulacan, is also known for the first mass-produced Inipit.

Gallery

See also
 Ube cheesecake
 List of pastries

References

 

Philippine pastries
Culture of Bulacan
The Blue Bird (1910 film)

The Blue Bird is a 1910 silent film, based on the 1908 play by Maurice Maeterlinck and starring Pauline Gilmer as Mytyl and Olive Walter as Tytyl.  It was filmed in England.

Cast (in credits order)
Pauline Gilmer as Mytyl
Olive Walter as Tytyl
Margaret Murray as Mummy Tyl
E.A. Warburton as Daddy Tyl
Ernest Hendrie as Tylo
Norma Page as Tylette
Carlotta Addison as The Fairy
Edward Rigby as Bread
H.R. Hignett as Sugar
Doris Lytton as Milk
Saba Raleigh as Cow
C. V. France as Time
Roy Travers as Cow

External links
 

1910 films
British films based on plays
British black-and-white films
British silent short films
Films based on works by Maurice Maeterlinck
Works based on The Blue Bird (play)
Index of Japan-related articles (Q–R)

This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letters Q–R. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Q
Qi
Qoo
Quarterstaff
The Queen's Classroom

R
R-Type
Rakuto Kasei
Refugees International Japan
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Ra
Rabaul
Radar Scope
Radical (Chinese character)
Radical Dreamers: Nusumenai Hōseki
Marimo Ragawa
Raichō
Raichu
Raiden
Raijū
Railway Construction Act
Railway Nationalization Act
Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo)
Rainbow Islands: The Story of Bubble Bobble 2
Raku ware
Rakugo
Ramen
Shin-Yokohama Raumen Museum
Ran (film)
Randori
Ranma ½
Rapi:t
Rashomon
Rashomon (film)
Rashomon (short story)
Rashōmon
Rattata
Amuro Ray

Re
Read or Die
Read or Die: The TV
Record of Lodoss War
Recreation and Amusement Association
Recruit (company)
Red Beard
Red seal ships
Regions of Japan
Regular script
Reihoku, Kumamoto
Reiki
Religion in Japan
Ren'ai CHU!
Renga
Renju
Renku
Rennyo
Renshi
Rensho
Republic of Ezo
Resident Evil (series)
Resona Holdings
Respect for the Aged Day
Reversi
Revolutionary Girl Utena
Rez

Ri
Rice cooker
Rice vinegar
Richard Sorge
Ricoh
Ricoh Caplio RX
Rie Tanaka
Rikki
Rikuchū Province
Rikuzen Province
Rikuzentakata, Iwate
Ring (film)
Rinzai school
Risshō Kōsei Kai
Ritsu school
Ritsumeikan University
Rittō, Shiga
Rival Schools
River City Ransom

Ro
Robotech
Rodan
Rōjū
Roketsuzome (also: Rozome)
Rokudan
Rokuhara Tandai
Rokurokubi
Roland Corporation
Romanization
Romanization of Japanese
Ronin
Ronin (film)
Bondage rope harness
Roppongi
Roppongi Hills
Roy (Fire Emblem)
Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honneamise

Ru
Rubeshibe, Hokkaidō
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby character
Rulers of Japan
Rumiko Takahashi
Rumoi, Hokkaidō
Rumoi Subprefecture
Ruri Hoshino
Rurouni Kenshin
Russo-Japanese War
Ruth Benedict

Ry
Ryōji Noyori
Ryoju Kikuchi
Ryōkan
Ryokan (Japanese inn)
Ryoko Tani
Ryōnan, Kagawa
Ryotsu, Niigata
Ryu (Street Fighter)
Ryū (school)
Ryu Hayabusa
Ryūgasaki, Ibaraki
Ryugatake, Kumamoto
Ryuhoku, Kumamoto
Ryuichi Abe
Ryuichi Sakamoto
Ryujin, Wakayama
Ryukoku University
Ryukyu Islands
Ryūkyū Kingdom
Ryukyuan languages
Ryukyuan songs
Ryukyu robin
Ryūyō, Shizuoka

Q
Hosokawa Masamoto

was a deputy-shōgun of the Hosokawa clan of Japan, and son of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masamoto was appointed to this rank during 1486.  For a brief period this title was lost by Hatakeyama Masanaga but was regained in time.  When Ashikaga Yoshihisa died childless during the year of 1489, Masamoto supported the nomination of Ashikaga Yoshizumi as successor in opposition to Ashikaga Yoshitane. Masamoto thought that the post of deputy-shogun would return to Hosokawa Masanaga due to Yoshitane's closeness with Hatakeyama Masanaga and his own objections to Yoshitane's rise. During Masanaga's struggle with a rival branch of the Hatakeyama clan, Yoshitane led troops to the assistance of Masanaga. Masamoto then assisted his force to the Hatakeyama, ultimately defeating those of Masanaga and Yoshitane. Masanaga killed himself during the battle and Yoshitane became a prisoner at Kyoto. His childhood name was Sumiakamaru (聡明丸).

Masamoto exiled Yoshitane and made Ashikaga Yoshizumi the successor. However, Yoshizumi would be played as one of Masamoto's puppets. The same year Masamoto led a campaign against his opponents of Yamashiro Province. Masamoto who was childless (many who thought was a homosexual) then adopted Sumiyuki and Sumimoto as his sons. The retainers of Hosokawa then disputed for very long to who the successor of the Hosokawa would be. In 1504, Masamoto eliminated Yakushiji Motoichi who was a follower of Sumimoto (whom he did not want as successor). In 1506, Masamoto was threatened by an army led by Miyoshi Yukinaga, another supporter of Sumimoto. Due to Masamoto then choosing someone else as the successor, Kosai Motonaga, along with Sumiyuki, broke into the house of Masamoto during the year 1507 and killed him while he was taking a bath.

Family
 Father: Hosokawa Katsumoto
 Mother: daughter of Yamana Sōzen
Sister: Tōshōin
 Adopted Sons:
 Hosokawa Sumiyuki (1489–1507)
 Hosokawa Sumimoto
 Hosokawa Takakuni

References

1466 births
1507 deaths
Daimyo
Keichō-Hosokawa clan
Japanese murder victims
People murdered in Japan
Hydra (Toto album)

Hydra is the second studio album by American rock band Toto, released in 1979. It reached #37 on the Billboard Pop Albums. While most of the album's singles failed to make any impact in the charts, "99", a song inspired by the 1971 science fiction movie THX 1138, reached #26 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 2013, Toto's guitarist Steve Lukather said of the album: You get successful with something, it’s always the whole thing where you don’t want to repeat it. So we tried something a little different with Hydra, and it sold well, although it might have been a little bit rushed for us. And here's some irony for you -- Rolling Stone beat up on the first album, and then when they reviewed Hydra, the opening line of the review is something like, "It doesn’t have the magic of the first album." We're immediately pissing ourselves on the floor with laughter. Who are these cats? Do they think we have amnesia? We were just following our muses, man. We were following our own rules and we didn't want to listen to anybody.

Reception

Though a commercial success, Hydra was a far less popular album than the band's top-selling debut.  AllMusic suggested this was due to Toto's failure to establish a distinctive, recognizable sound on either Hydra or their debut, which would have allowed listeners to immediately identify Toto's major hits with the band themselves.  They also speculated that most listeners were not familiar with the film (namely, THX 1138) on which the song "99" was based, and thus found the lyrics hopelessly cryptic, preventing the single from becoming as big a hit as it might have been.

Critical response to the album was mixed. AllMusic's retrospective review made little judgment on the quality (noting only as an aside that the songs were "well-played"), instead discussing why it had failed to match the commercial success of their debut.

Track listing

Personnel

Toto
 Bobby Kimball – lead and backing vocals
 Steve Lukather – guitars, lead and backing vocals
 Steve Porcaro – synthesizers, electronics, synthesizer programming
 David Paich – piano, keyboards, lead and backing vocals
 David Hungate – bass guitar, guitars
 Jeff Porcaro – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
 Lenny Castro – percussion
 Michael Boddicker – synthesizer samples
 Roger Linn – assistant synthesizer programming
 Marty Paich – string arrangements

Production
 Produced by Tom Knox, Reggie Fisher and Toto.
 Engineered and Mixed by Tom Knox and Dana Latham.
 Assistant Engineer – Stephen McManus
 Mastered by David Donnelly
 Art Direction – Jim Hagopian, Tony Lane and Jeff Porcaro.
 Design – Philip Garris
 Photography – Jim Hagopian
 Calligraphy – Mike Manoogian
 Management – The Fitzgerald Hartley Co.

Singles
 "99" / "Hydra"
 "St George and the Dragon" / "A Secret Love"
 "All Us Boys" / "Hydra" (released in US)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

External links
"Hydra" at discogs

References

1979 albums
Toto (band) albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders
Funk rock albums by American artists
Hard rock albums by American artists
Rhythm and blues albums by American artists
Blue raspberry

Blue Raspberry may refer to:
Blue raspberry, a local name used in Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada, for the cultivar 'Columbian', a hybrid (purple raspberry) of Rubus strigosus and Rubus occidentalis.
Rubus leucodermis (the "blue raspberry" or "whitebark raspberry"), a species of Rubus native to western North America
Blue raspberry flavor, a food and beverage flavoring, often artificially colored blue
Blue Raspberry (singer) (Candi Lindsey) (born 1972), American singer
Etam (biblical figure)

Etam () is a proper name in the Bible. There are five references to the name Etam in the Hebrew Bible:

Person
 Etam is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:3 as a descendant of Judah, likely a son of Hur. Etam is the father of Jezreel, Ishma, Idbash and their sister Hazzelelponi.

Places
Etam (biblical town),  as referenced in 2 Chronicles 11, was located southwest of Bethlehem near Tekoah.
 A village in the tribe of Simeon (1 Chronicles 4:32).
Rock of Etam, a rock where Samson hid.

References

Hebrew Bible cities
Books of Chronicles people
From a Scream to a Whisper

From a Scream to a Whisper was a compilation album consisting of material taken from all of Lowlife's previously released singles, EPs and albums.  No new or previously unavailable songs appeared on the album.

Track listing
"Ramafied"
"Sometime: Something"
"Cowards Way"
"Big Uncle Ugliness"
"Wild Swan"
"Hollow Gut"
"Again and Again"
"A Sullen Sky"
"As It Happens"
"Eternity Road"
"Swing"
"From Side to Side"

All tracks were written by Will Heggie/Craig Lorentson/Stuart Everest/Grant McDowall

Personnel
Lowlife 
Craig Lorentson - vocals
Stuart Everest - guitar
Will Heggie - bass guitar
Grant McDowall - drums

References 

Lowlife (band) albums
1990 compilation albums
Vachellia tortilis

Vachellia tortilis, widely known as Acacia tortilis but now attributed to the genus Vachellia, is the umbrella thorn acacia,  also known as umbrella thorn and Israeli babool, a medium to large canopied tree native to most of Africa, primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa (especially the Somali peninsula and Sudan), but also occurring in the Middle East.

Distribution and growing conditions 
Vachellia tortilis is widespread in Africa, being found in countries like Tunisia, Morocco, Uganda, Angola, Zimbabwe, Djibouti, and Botswana. It tends to grow in areas where temperatures vary from  and rainfall is anywhere from about  per year.

Characteristics 
In extremely arid conditions, it may occur as a small, wiry bush.  In more favorable conditions, it grows up to  in height.  The tree carries leaves that grow to approx.  in length with between 4 and 10 pair of pinnae each with up to 15 pairs of leaflets.  Flowers are small and white, highly aromatic, and occur in tight clusters.  Seeds are produced in pods which are flat and coiled into a springlike structure.

The plant is known to tolerate high alkalinity, drought, high temperatures, sandy and stony soils, strongly sloped rooting surfaces and sandblasting.  Also, plants older than two years have been observed to be somewhat frost resistant.

Importance 
Timber from the tree is used for furniture, wagon wheels, fence posts, cages, and pens. Vachellia wood was also used exclusively by the Israelites in the Old Testament in the building of the tabernacle and the tabernacle furniture, including the Ark of the Covenant. The pods and foliage, which grow prolifically on the tree, are used as fodder for desert grazing animals.  The bark is often used as a string medium in Tanganyika, and is a source for tannin.  Gum from the tree is edible and can be used as gum arabic.  Parts of the tree including roots, shoots, and pods are also often used by natives for a vast number of purposes including decorations, weapons, tools, and medicines.

The Umbrella thorn is also an important species for rehabilitation of degraded arid land; it tolerates drought, wind, salinity and a wide range of soil types, and has the additional benefit of fixing nitrogen, an essential plant nutrient, in the soil via its interaction with symbiotic root bacteria.

References

External links 

 Vachellia tortilis (as Acacia tortilis) (www.fao.org)
 Purdue University's detailed article on the Umbrella Thorn Acacia.

 Vachellia tortilis (as Acacia tortilis) Israel wildflowers and native plants

tortilis
Flora of Western Asia
Flora of the Arabian Peninsula
Trees of Africa
Plants used in traditional African medicine
Pinguicula lusitanica

Pinguicula lusitanica, commonly known as the pale butterwort, is a small butterwort that grows wild in acidic peat bog areas along coastal atlantic western Europe from western Scotland and Ireland south through western England and western France to the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco in north-western Africa.

It usually forms rosettes  across. It is a perennial plant that sometimes acts as an annual plant as it may die after one growth season. It flowers just months after germinating and produces copious amounts of seed, making it somewhat of a weed for carnivorous plant growers. The flowers are small, pale pink with a yellow centre, and funnel-shaped. It self-pollinates to ensure that it will grow back the following year.

Cultivation
Pinguicula lusitanica grows easily in most environments as long as it is not directly exposed to the sun and is kept wet with rainwater. It will feed on any small insects including gnats, fruit flies, ants, small moths, and small mosquitos. Pinguicula lusitanica is considered an easy grower by many carnivorous plant growers and is a good candidate as a beginner carnivorous plant.

References

lusitanica
Carnivorous plants of Africa
Carnivorous plants of Europe
Flora of France
Flora of Morocco
Flora of Portugal
Flora of Spain
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Pedro VI of Kongo

Pedro VI or Mbemba was King of Kongo from 1896 to 1910. When he succeeded in 1896, he was too young so his uncle Henrique IV was regent until 1901. He died in 1910. It is rumoured that he may have been a grandfather of José Eduardo dos Santos. His oldest son, Nkomba, was there to succeed him in 1910 (and then he died a year later).

References

Manikongo of Kongo
Year of birth missing
1910 deaths
Mahurangi River

The Mahurangi River in northern New Zealand flows through the town of Warkworth and into Mahurangi Harbour, which opens into the outer Hauraki Gulf. The Left Branch of the river rises in the Dome and flows through the Dome Valley, while the Right Branch rises on Moir Hill. The lower part is a tidal estuary that ranges in depth from below approximately  at the channel entrance to approximately  further upstream. The Mahurangi Harbour provides a sheltered anchorage for private pleasure craft in all weathers.

History 

Approximately 17,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were significantly lower, the Mahurangi River flowed into the vast coastal plain that existed where the modern Hauraki Gulf exists. The river met the Waitematā Harbour (then a river) east of Kawau Island, and flowed north-east between modern day Little Barrier Island and Great Barrier Island, eventually emptying into the Pacific Ocean north of Great Barrier Island.

In colonial New Zealand, the river was the main link between Warkworth and the rest of the colony. A portland cement works opened in 1884 beside the river just south-east of Warkworth and many scows and steamers used it to export the cement. The works closed in 1929 and the ruins remain on the banks of the river behind what has become a marina.

Warkworth was originally known as Brown's Mill, in reference to the sawmill established by Brown on the banks of the Mahurangi when the area was just a timber camp. The timber was transported by the river and often consisted of kauri spars, which were commonly exported. Sandstone from New South Wales was used as ballast and this was dropped at the mouth of the river, where large quantities can still be found. The kauri spars were then loaded for the return trip to Australia.

Features 

There are two boat yards on the Mahurangi river: one owned by the Portland Cement Works ruins and the other further upstream owned by Warkworth. These yards offer both haul-out and hardstand options for small and large craft. Warkworth has a number of small cafés, supermarkets, other stores and a post office. There is a moderately large wharf with a floating pontoon by the waters edge, although the river all but dries out there at low tide. The river itself has many small tributary streams that enter at different points along its length.

There are several waterfalls on the river. The navigable portion of the Mahurangi river ends at the lower-most falls near the western end of the village, where, since the 1860s, the river has been dammed twice and several bridges have been installed. A tsunami from the 1877 Iquique earthquake elevated the tide by six feet in mere minutes. There are currently two bridges remaining: a concrete bridge installed in 1971, which was originally used for a tramway but is now a pedestrian bridge; and a more recent bridge with two lanes for traffic.

Gallery

References

External links
Photographs of Mahurangi River held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections

Rivers of the Auckland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Hauraki Gulf catchment
The Blue Bird (1970 film)

The Blue Bird () is a 1970 Soviet animated feature film based upon the 1908 play by Maurice Maeterlinck. It was directed by Vasily Livanov and made at the Soyuzmultfilm studio.

The film is known for blending traditional and cutout styles of animation. Its music was composed by Gennady Gladkov and performed by the State Symphony Cinema Orchestra (under the direction of Vladimir Vasilyev); the Moscow state chorus; and the children's chorus, "Sputnik".

Plot
The film is set in a modern capitalist city. While searching for food at the market, a boy saves a stray dog from a cruel salesman. An old woman passing by witnesses the act and reveals that she is a fairy. She gives the boy a caged bluebird as a reward, stating that it can neither be sold nor bought, but can be given as a gift. He hides the bluebird in his attic, and plans to show it to his little sister.

At night, the brother and sister enter the attic to encounter their long-dead grandparents. The grandparents reveal that the bluebird has been stolen by a cat named Puss. They say that the bluebird contains happiness for all, so it must be rescued and set free. 

The children and the dog set out in search of the bluebird. They meet a rich man who wants to use the bluebird to start a war and conquer the world. The rich man tempts the children with various delicacies to make them forget about the bluebird, but the fairy helps them escape. 

The children make their way into the dark mines, where cheerful workers welcome them and offer gifts of bread. The fairy appears once more to provide the eternal companions of man: Fire, Water, and Bread. The group learns that Puss has kidnapped the bluebird at the behest of his mistress, Night, so that she can sell it to the rich man. Her plans are thwarted when Fire burns Night, Puss drowns in Water, and the boy steals the bird from the rich man.

After recovering the bluebird, the boy falls off a clock tower. Morning comes, and the boy wakes to discover that their journey was only a dream. He and his sister go to the attic and release the bluebird into the wild.

Crew

See also
History of Russian animation
List of animated feature-length films

References

External links
 The film at animator.ru
 

1970 animated films
1970 films
1970 in the Soviet Union
 Films based on works by Maurice Maeterlinck
 Films scored by Gennady Gladkov
1970s Russian-language films
 Soviet animated films
 Soviet films based on plays
Soyuzmultfilm
Works based on The Blue Bird (play)
Streptococcus sanguinis

Streptococcus sanguinis, formerly known as Streptococcus sanguis, is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccus species of bacteria and a member of the Viridans Streptococcus group. S. sanguinis is a normal inhabitant of the healthy human mouth where it is particularly found in dental plaque, where it modifies the environment to make it less hospitable for other strains of Streptococcus that cause cavities, such as Streptococcus mutans.

Pathogenicity
S. sanguinis may gain entrance to the bloodstream when opportunity presents (dental cleanings and surgeries) and colonize the heart valves, particularly the mitral and aortic valves, where it is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis.  For this reason, oral surgeons often prescribe a short course of antibiotics to be taken a few days before to a few days after oral surgery. Once an infection has occurred, treatment is much more complicated and generally involves the administration of several weeks of penicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Genome
The complete genomic sequence of S. sanguinis was determined in 2007 by laboratories at Virginia Commonwealth University. The genome spans 2,388,435 bp and is larger than most of the other 21 streptococcal genomes that have been sequenced. The GC content of the S. sanguinis genome is 43.4% (higher than the GC contents of other streptococci). The genome encodes 2,274 predicted proteins, 61 tRNAs, and four rRNA operons. About 22% of the open reading frames are conserved hypothetical proteins (present in multiple species but having unknown functions), and approximately 645 of the predicted proteins were confirmed by mass spectrometry.

Natural genetic transformation

S. sanguinis is naturally competent for genetic transformation.  Natural genetic transformation is a sexual process involving DNA transfer from one bacterial cell to another through the intervening medium, and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by homologous recombination.

Essential gene identification 
All essential genes are examined in S. sanguinis. Essential genes are those indispensable for organisms to grow and reproduce under certain environments. The use of metabolic networks to study all essential genes as a whole indicates that essential genes are related to the biological functions of genetic information processing, cell envelope and energy production. An essential genes database (ePath) for >4000 bacterial species is developed based on this finding.

References

Further reading

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus sanguinis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Gram-positive bacteria
Streptococcaceae
Bacteria described in 1946
Index of Japan-related articles (U–V)

This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letters U and V. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Ub–Ud
Ube, Yamaguchi
Ubuyama, Kumamoto
Uchi-deshi
Uchiko, Ehime
Uchimizu
Uchimura Kanzō
Uchinomi, Kagawa
Uchinoura, Kagoshima
Uchita, Wakayama
Uchiumi, Ehime
Uda District, Nara
Udon
Udon kiri
Udono, Mie

Ue–Uj
Uechi-ryū
Ueda, Nagano (former city)
Ueda, Nagano (new city)
Ueda Akinari
Bin Ueda
Kyohei Ueda
Makoto Ueda (architecture critic)
Makoto Ueda (poetry critic)
Yūji Ueda
Ueki, Kumamoto
Kazuhide Uekusa
Nobuo Uematsu
Ueno, Gunma
Ueno, Okinawa
Ueno, Mie
Ueno, Tokyo
Ueno Station
Morihei Ueshiba
Moriteru Ueshiba
Uesugi Kenshin
Kazushige Ugaki
Ugo Province
Uirō
Uji
Ujitawara

Uk–Ul
Ukan
Uke (martial arts)
Uken
Ukichiro Nakaya
Ukiha District, Fukuoka
Ukiha, Fukuoka
Ukiyo-e
Ukyō-ku, Kyoto
Ultimate Muscle
Ultra Games
Ultraman
Ulysses 31

Um–Uo
Uma District, Ehime
Umaji, Kōchi
Umami
Ume
Ume, Ōita
Umeda
Mochio Umeda
Umeda Station
Kazuo Umezu
Umi, Fukuoka
Unagisaki hōchō
Uncanny valley
Underground (Murakami book)
Unit 731
United Nations University
United States Forces Japan
Universal Century
University of Tokyo
Unno Juza
Sōsuke Uno
Unseen world
Uoshima, Ehime
Uozu, Toyama

Ur
Uraga Channel
Urashima Tarō
Urasoe, Okinawa
Urawa, Saitama
Urawa Red Diamonds
Urayasu
Ureshino, Mie
Ureshino, Saga
Urokotori
Urusei Yatsura
Usa District, Ōita
Usa, Ōita
Usagi Tsukino
Usagi Yojimbo
Ushibuka, Kumamoto
Ushiku, Ibaraki
Ushimado, Okayama
Ushizu, Saga
USS Greeneville (SSN-772)
Usu (mortar)
Usui Mikao
Usui, Fukuoka
Usuki, Ōita

Ut–Uz
Uta-garuta
Hikaru Utada
Utagawa school
Utamakura
Utamakura (Utamaro)
Utamaro
Utano, Nara
Utashinai, Hokkaidō
Utazu
UTF-2000
Uto District, Kumamoto
Uto, Kumamoto
Utsunomiya
Uub (Dragon Ball)
Uwa, Ehime
Uwajima, Ehime
Uzen Province

V
Vagabond (manga)
Vaio
Vajrayana
Vandread
Vegalta Sendai
Vegeta
Vegeta Saga
VHS
Villages of Japan
Video Girl Ai
Virtua Fighter
Visas and Virtue
The Vision of Escaflowne
Vissel Kobe
Visual kei
Voice acting in Japan
Voices of a Distant Star

U
Pehr Victor Edman

Pehr Victor Edman (14 April 1916 — 19 March 1977) was a Swedish biochemist. He developed a method for sequencing proteins; the Edman degradation.

Early life 
Edman was born in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1935 he started studying medicine at Karolinska Institutet, where he became interested in basic research and received a bachelor in medicine in 1938.  His research was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, where he was drafted to serve in the Swedish army.  He returned to the Karolinska Institutet where he earned his doctoral degree under advice from Professor Erik Jorpes in 1946.

Developing the Edman Degradation 
At the time Edman started working on Angiotensin, it was just being recognized that proteins are distinct entities with a defined molecular mass, electric charge and structure. This inspired Edman to develop a method, that could be used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the protein. In 1947, he was awarded a travel stipend to go to Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research. When he returned to Sweden in 1950 to be an Assistant Professor at the University of Lund, he published his first paper using the method later known as Edman degradation, to determine the sequence of a protein. To his death, he continued to work to improve the method to be able to determine longer stretches with smaller amounts of sample.

Late career 
In 1957, he moved to Australia to be the director of St. Vincent's School of Medical Research. In 1967, he successfully developed an automated protein sequencer, called the sequenator, with his assistant Geoffrey Begg.

In 1972, he moved to the Max-Planck-Institut of Biochemistry, Martinsried near Munich. He worked with his second wife, Agnes Henschen, and she used Edman's method to sequence fibrinogen.

In 1977, Edman died of a brain tumor after a short coma.

References

EDMAN P. A method for the determination of amino acid sequence in peptides. Arch Biochem. 1949 Jul;22(3):475. PMID 18134557.

External links 
 Australian Dictionary of Biography
 Encyclopedia of Australian Science
 Australian Academy of Science Biographical memoirs

1916 births
1977 deaths
Scientists from Stockholm
Swedish biochemists
Karolinska Institute alumni
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Royal Society
Max Planck Institute directors