Pedro Bank

Pedro Bank is a large bank of sand and coral, partially covered with seagrass, about 80 km south and southwest of Jamaica, rising steeply from a seabed of 800 metres depth. It slopes gently from the Pedro Cays to the west and north with depths from . The total area of the bank within the  isobath measures . The area of a depth to  is triangular,  long east-west, and  wide.  are less than   deep. With its islets, cays and rocks, a total land area of , it is the location of one of the two offshore island groups of Jamaica, the other one being the Morant Cays (Jamaica also has nearshore islands like the Port Royal Cays). The bank is centered at .

Pedro Bank is a part of submarine Nicaragua Rise, which stretches from Cabo Gracias a Dios through Rosalind Bank to Jamaica.

History
Pedro Bank was originally named 'Viper Bank', , by Spanish mariners because its shallow reefs, rocks and shoals are laid out in the shape of a gigantic serpent. It was once a busy and treacherous shipping passage used by seafaring Europeans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; archaeologists estimate there are over 300 shipwrecks on the Bank.

Pedro Bank was annexed by the United Kingdom in 1863 and added to Jamaica in 1882.

Today the Bank is known for its economic and cultural importance; it is the main harvesting ground for Queen Conch in the Caribbean and is highly valued by Jamaica's fishing community who have been operating on the Bank and using its small Cays as a base since the 1920s.

Cays, rocks and reefs
The Pedro Cays, at , four small, flat (2 to 5 metres high), low-lying and mostly uninhabited cays, lie about midway along the southern edge of the eastern half of Pedro Bank. The sparse land vegetation consists of six species of plants, none of which are endemic. The cays are regionally important seabird nesting and roosting areas (masked boobies, roseate terns and others) and also provide several endangered turtle species such as hawksbills and loggerheads with nesting grounds. The islets yield some guano and coconuts. More importantly, they represent the primary harvesting area for the largest export of Queen Conch from the Caribbean region. They were occupied by the British in 1863 and made part of Jamaica in 1882. They are considered part of the parish of Kingston, for all purposes except taxes.

Northeast Cay (also called Top Cay), , at , is covered with brush and has a group of palm trees growing on its northwest side. There is a lighted beacon in the north.
Middle Cay, , at  is covered with low grass and bushes. A Jamaican Coast Guard station and a fishermen's camp with number of huts and a large shed are in the southeast.
Southwest Cay (also called Bird Cay), , at , the largest of the Pedro Cays, is a protected bird sanctuary, with a large tree.
South Cay (also called Sandy Cay), , at , consists of coral and shells. This is the southernmost point of land of Jamaica.

In a wider sense, some over-water rocks, small outcrops of oolitic limestone over which water breaks, are considered part of the Pedro Cays:

Portland Rock (also called Eastern Pedro Cay), at , lies about 63 km SSW of Portland Point, the southern extremity of Jamaica. The rock consists of two summits that lie in an east-west direction.
Blower Rock, at , lies 8 km southwest of Portland Rock, and is 0.6 m high.
Shannon Rock, at , lies about 15 km WSW of Blower Rock. It is 0.5 m high.

There are several submarine features on Pedro Bank, such as:

Doyle Shoal, at , with a depth of 14 m, lies 13 km NNW of Blower Rock.
Willsteed Rock, at , with a depth of 12, lies 13 km northwest of Blower Rock.
Banner Reef, at , awash and 2.4 km long, lies 26 km WSW of South Cay.
Southwest Rock, at , lies about 9 km southwest of Banner Reef.
Powell Knoll, at , lies 32 km southwest of Shannon Rock, with a lowest depth of 28.8 m. It is the southernmost feature of Jamaica, not counting Alice Shoal, which is claimed by Jamaica but considered a part of Colombia.

References

External links
Sailing Directions, Caribbean Sea, Vol. I
Gazetteer: Geographic Names of Jamaica
Pedro Bank and Cays Management Area

Nature Conservancy: Pedro Bank
Article on Reef Assessment on Pedro Bank

Islands of Jamaica
Seabird colonies
Lists of coordinates
Former islands from the last glacial maximum

ku:Pedro Cays