alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
White ramus communicans

The white ramus communicans (: rami communicantes) from Latin ramus (branch) and communicans (communicating) is the preganglionic sympathetic outflow nerve tract from the spinal cord.

Each of the thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves contribute a white ramus communicans to the adjoining sympathetic ganglion, unlike the gray rami which are located at each spinal level. White rami communicantes contain both myelinated and unmyelinated preganglionic sympathetic fibers, (GVE and GVA). The white ramus appears white because there are more myelinated than unmyelinated fibers unlike the gray rami.

Structure
The white rami communicantes are the preganglionic sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord.

The cell bodies for the preganglionic sympathetic myelinated fibers in the white rami communicantes lie in the ipsilateral (same sided) intermediolateral cell column in the spinal cord which extends from T1-L2.  These rami also contain general visceral afferent fibers (sensory from the organs) whose primary cell bodies reside dorsal root ganglia (which then synapse in the dorsal horn).  The preganglionic sympathetic fibers will enter into the sympathetic trunk and either synapse at the ganglion on the same level, or travel up or down the sympathetic trunk to arrive at the correct spinal level for their action.  Once they synapse in the sympathetic ganglion in the sympathetic trunk, they exit the trunk as gray rami to join the spinal nerve and innervate the appropriate structure.  Even though the sympathetic trunk extends below L2, there are no more white rami communicantes below L2 because the intermediolateral cell column ends before this.  The fibers of the sympathetic trunk above and below T1-L2 originate from white rami communicantes within T1-L2.  Above and below T1-L2 there are only gray rami. Cell column are the important features of white rami communicates.

Additional Images

See also

 Gray ramus communicans

References

External links
  - "Autonomic Connections of the Spinal Cord"
 Overview and diagram

Nerves of the torso
Gray ramus communicans

Each spinal nerve receives a branch called a gray ramus communicans (: rami communicantes) from the adjacent paravertebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The gray rami communicantes contain postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system and are composed of largely unmyelinated neurons. This is in contrast to the white rami communicantes, in which heavily myelinated neurons give the rami their white appearance.

Function
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the intermediolateral nucleus in the lateral grey column of the spinal cord are carried in the white ramus communicans to the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. Once the preganglionic nerve has traversed a white ramus communicans, it can do one of three things.

 The preganglionic neuron can synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron in the sympathetic paravertebral ganglion at that level. From here, the postganglionic sympathetic neuron can travel back out the grey ramus communicans of that level to the mixed spinal nerve and onto the effector organ.
 The preganglionic neuron can travel superiorly or inferiorly to a sympathetic paravertebral ganglion of a higher or lower level where it can synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron. From here, the postganglionic sympathetic neuron can travel back out the grey ramus communicans of that level to the mixed spinal nerve and on to an effector organ.
 The preganglionic neuron can pass through the paravertebral ganglion without synapsing, and therefore continue as a preganglionic nerve fiber (Splanchnic nerves) until it reaches a distant collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column (Prevertebral ganglia). Once inside the prevertebral ganglia, the individual neurons comprising the nerve synapse with their postganglionic neuron. The postganglionic nerve then proceeds to innervate its targets (pelvic visceral organs) It will generally be responsible for the innervation of the pelvic viscera.

Ganglionic influence can be specifically targeted to end organs as well as becoming part of a summating systemic response. If the response is the whole body response, as in sympathetic fight or flight, the signals are distributed to other spinal nerves by way of gray rami communicantes which serve as conduits between the spinal nerves.

Specific Functions in the ANS
Some cervical ganglia and thoracic ganglia send gray rami communicantes directly to the heart.
Thoracic ganglia send grey rami communicantes to their adjacent body wall.  They supply blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles.
Lumbar ganglia have grey rami communicantes that rejoin the appropriate spinal nerves to supply the abdominal wall and lower limbs.
The pelvic ganglia form grey rami communicantes whose lateral (postganglionic) branches supply the pelvic wall and lower limb.

References

Additional images

External links
  - "Autonomic Connections of the Spinal Cord"
 Overview and diagram

Nerves of the torso
Ramus communicans

Ramus communicans (: rami communicantes) is the Latin term used for a nerve which connects two other nerves, and can be translated as "communicating branch".

Structure
When used without further definition, it almost always refers to a communicating branch between a spinal nerve and the sympathetic trunk. More specifically, it usually refers to one of the following :
 Gray ramus communicans
 White ramus communicans

The grey and white rami communicantes are responsible for conveying autonomic signals, specifically for the sympathetic nervous system. Their difference in coloration is caused by differences in myelination of the nerve fibres contained within, i.e. there are more myelinated than unmyelinated fibres in the white rami communicantes while the converse is true for the grey rami communicantes.

Gray ramus communicans

The grey rami communicantes exist at every level of the spinal cord and are responsible for carrying postganglionic nerve fibres from the paravertebral ganglia to their destination, and for carrying those preganglionic nerve fibres which enter the paravertebral ganglia but do not synapse.

White ramus communicans

The white rami communicantes exist only at the levels of the spinal cord where the intermediolateral cell column is present (T1-L2) and are responsible for carrying preganglionic nerve fibres from the spinal cord to the paravertebral ganglia.

Both ramus within the spinal nerve cross each other, being the white farther away from the intervertebral foramen when exiting the spinal nerve to enter the ganglia. (More so, some fibers from the white ramus may migrate to other ganglia without even synapsis on its level)

References

Nerves of the torso
Henri Konow

Henri Konow (7 February 1862 – 18 January 1939) was a Danish naval officer, vice-admiral, and the last governor of the Danish West Indies, overseeing the transfer of administration to the United States of America following the Treaty of the Danish West Indies in 1916 under which the Kingdom of Denmark sold the islands now named the US Virgin Islands to the United States in exchange for US$25,000,000 in gold.

Early life
Henri Konow was born on 7 February 1862 in Copenhagen, Denmark, the son of the diplomat and ship-owner Hans Jacob Hesselberg Konow and Ida Marie West.

Career
Konow started his naval career in 1879 as a cadet in the Danish Navy, advancing to the rank of second lieutenant after 4 years on 30 August 1883. He continued ascending through the naval ranks until becoming a vice-admiral in 1923, four years before his retirement. Furthermore,  he was made a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog on 28 October 1895; he gradually progressed through the ranks of the Order and was finally awarded the Grand Cross of the Order 1925.

Commander with Grand Cross of the Royal Swedish Order of the Sword 1926  (Commander 1st Class 1922;  Chevalier 2nd Class 1893).

World War I
By World War I, Konow had advanced to commander, and was in charge of the , stationed at the Danish West Indies. On 3 October 1916, he was named acting governor, to oversee the transfer of authority to the United States on 31 March 1917.

Easter Crisis
During the Easter Crisis of 1920, Konow was Foreign Minister and Defence Minister of Denmark in the Cabinet of Otto Liebe.

Personal life
He married Jacobine Cathrine Margrethe Worsaae on 21 October 1892 at the Church of Holmen in his native city, Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1893, he published an autobiography.

External links 
 Biography at navalhistory.dk

Danish admirals
Governors of the Danish West Indies
1862 births
1939 deaths
Danish Defence Ministers
Foreign ministers of Denmark
Military personnel from Copenhagen
20th century in the Danish West Indies
20th-century Danish politicians
Clint Day

Clint Day served in the Georgia State Senate from 1993 to 1997 before mounting unsuccessful campaigns for the U.S. Senate and Lieutenant Governor. He was considered a social and fiscal conservative Republican, and is not the insurance agent Clint Day, another Atlanta business owner.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Republican Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
Kris Griffin

Kristofor Lawrence Griffin (born May 27, 1981) is a former American football linebacker. He was originally signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. His younger brother Kirby Griffin played in the Arena Football League (AFL). Now he resides in Katy, Texas where he works at Tays Junior high school as a boy's athletic coach.

He was also a member of the Cleveland Browns, Jacksonville Jaguars and Las Vegas Locomotives.

High school years
Griffin attended Rochester Area High School where he played both at safety and wide receiver. He was a key member of the team's undefeated 15-0 PIAA Class A State Championship team in 1998.

College career
He played in 18 contests at Geneva College, producing 109 tackles, 24 tackles for loss, 7 sacks and 8 interceptions. Griffin then transferred to Indiana University of Pennsylvania, where he played in 22 games, recording 152 tackles, 38 tackles for loss, 12 sacks, 11 interceptions and seven passes defensed. He majored in sports administration.

Professional career

2005
Griffin was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted rookie free agent. He made his NFL debut at the Denver Broncos on September 26. During his first season he played in eight games and made three tackles.

2006
He was allocated to NFL Europe and played for the Hamburg Sea Devils where he made ten appearances and nine starts. During his time there he made 41 tackles. When he returned to training camp for the Chiefs he established himself within the special teams. He played in all 16 games and made 22 special teams tackles.

2007
On May 23, 2007, NFL Network reported that Griffin was released by the Chiefs. He later signed with the Cleveland Browns. He played in twelve games and recorded a total of 14 tackles.

2008
Played in 10 games for the Cleveland Browns, recording a total of 7 tackles.

2010
Griffin was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on August 8.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1981 births
Living people
People from Rochester, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Beaver County, Pennsylvania
American football linebackers
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football players
IUP Crimson Hawks football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Hamburg Sea Devils players
Cleveland Browns players
Las Vegas Locomotives players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Bundesstraße 7

The Bundesstraße 7 (abbr. B7) is a German federal highway (Bundesstraße) that stretches from the Dutch border at Venlo in the West to Rochlitz near Chemnitz in the East. It is approximately  long. Because of its western origin some stretches of the B 7 are designated as "Holländische Straße" (Dutch Road), e.g., in Kassel and Calden.

History
The former Reichsstraße 7 extended from Schmölln over Meerane, Glauchau, Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden, where it linked with the Reichsstraße 6. The former portion between Chemnitz and Dresden is now called the Bundesstraße 173.

The segment between Wuppertal and Hagen was constructed in , making it one of the oldest roads in western Germany. The stretch connecting Iserlohn and Menden was built between 1816 and .

Between Eisenach and Erfurt the B 7 follows the path of the former Via Regia. The original plan marked Dresden as he eastern terminus, however this portion was completed during the Third Reich and called the Bundesstraße 173.

New Developments
In some areas the Bundesstraße 7 is replaced by Autobahns. For example, between Hagen-Hohenlimburg and the former autobahn terminus in the eastern city of Iserlohn the B 7 becomes the Bundesautobahn 46. Also, between Kassel and Eisenach the B 7 is slated to be replaced by the new Bundesautobahn 44, the first piece of which was opened at Hessisch Lichtenau was in October 2005. Environmental concerns have been raised about the project, as the autobahn is proposed to run through the national park Meißner-Kaufunger Wald.

Since August 2005 heavy transport vehicles have been banned from a  stretch of the B 7. The ban applies for a year and is enforced between Kassel at the A 7 junction and Wehretal. Vehicles originating or ending in the Kassel area are exempt from the ban.

Route / Junctions

See also
List of federal highways in Germany

External links
http://www.strassenimpressionen.com - photographs of the Bundesstraße 7

Roads in North Rhine-Westphalia
Roads in Hesse
Roads in Saxony
007
Paul Fox (actor)

Paul Fox (born 10 April 1979) is an English actor, known for portraying Mark Redman in Coronation Street, Will Cairns in Emmerdale and Dr Jeff Goodwin in The Royal.

Early life
Born in Truro, Cornwall, Fox moved to Greasby in Merseyside whilst still a baby. He has one older brother, Christian. He attended Hilbre High School in West Kirby, the Glenda Jackson Youth Theatre in Birkenhead, and West Cheshire College, where he took a BTEC national diploma in performing arts.

Career
Fox made his television debut playing the nephew of Christopher Eccleston's character in the Channel 4 drama Hearts and Minds. He won the role after a casting director visited the Glenda Jackson Youth Theatre, looking for people to play a group of schoolchildren in the drama. Fox later won a role in the ITV children's drama Children's Ward, and went on to play Will Cairns in Emmerdale from 1997 to 1999.

Fox played Mark Redman, the long-lost son of Mike Baldwin, in Coronation Street from 1999 to 2000. Fox left the programme when Mark, who had started an affair with Mike's fiancé Linda Sykes, confessed to it on Mike and Linda's wedding day, and was thrown out by Mike. Fox reprised the role in 2001 and also in 2006, around the time of Mike's death from Alzheimer's.

Fox played Dr Jeff Goodwin in The Royal from 2003 to 2007 and also appeared in Casualty in 2008, playing Simon Tanner. His other television credits include Moving On, Doctors the Canadian science fiction drama Starhunter, and Westworld.

Fox's film credits include Elizabeth (1998), Simon: An English Legionnaire (2002), Deserter (2002), and the short film Hero. He made his stage debut while appearing in Emmerdale in a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Theatre Royal, York playing Romeo. Fox's other stage credits include Salonika, Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Too Cold for Snow.

Filmography

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
English male film actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
Male actors from Cornwall
Actors from Birkenhead
People from Truro
Tim Beverley

Timothy J. Beverley (born 1956) is former NASCAR team owner. Beverley was one of the founders of Tyler Jet, L.L.C., an aircraft sales and refurbishing company based in Tyler, Texas. In 1998, he purchased DarWal Inc. and ISM Racing and merged them together to form Tyler Jet Motorsports. He fielded cars for Darrell Waltrip, Rich Bickle, David Green and Johnny Benson. In 2000, he sold the team to MB2 Motorsports.

Beverley started Tyler Jet L.L.C. in 1986. Tyler Jet was a thriving business that bought, sold and repaired aircraft, operated an FBO and ran a business aircraft interior completions and refurbishment center. In February 2002 Tyler Jet creditors forced the company to file Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which Beverley later amended in court to Chapter 11 bankruptcy.  In 2004, Beverley, who was then Tyler Jet president and chief executive officer, was sentenced to six years in prison, and the company's Chief Financial Officer Gregory A. Hopper was sentenced to three and one-half years in prison for their part in a money laundering scheme that cost businesses and banks $18 million. They were each ordered to pay $18.2 million in restitution.

While Beverley was on supervised release stemming from his federal conviction for money laundering, he worked as an airplane broker at Majestic Jet Inc., a company in Pompano Beach Florida that provided aircraft charters.  From 2010 through 2013, Beverley stole more than $1.5 million from Majestic Jet by directing airplane escrow agents to wire funds from the sale of planes to nominee bank accounts that Beverley controlled.  Beverley also stole funds directly from Majestic's business bank accounts and used the money to pay for personal expenses including his boat and rent.  Beverley did not report this income on his 2010 through 2013 personal tax returns.  On October 17, 2017 federal jury convicted Beverly of filing fraudulent tax returns, wire fraud and filing false monthly reports with the U.S. Probation Office.

On Friday, March 16, 2018 Beverly was sentenced to 90 months in prison for filing fraudulent tax returns, wire fraud, and filing false monthly reports with the U.S. Probation Office

References

External links 

NASCAR team owners
1955 births
Living people

NASCAR controversies
The Whip (play)

The Whip is a melodrama by Henry Hamilton and Cecil Raleigh, first performed in 1909 at the Drury Lane Theatre in London.  The play's original production had intricate scenery and spectacular stage effects, including a horse race and a train crash.  There were later productions in the United States and Australia, and the play inspired two silent films.

Reception
Tallulah Bankhead offers a reminiscence of attending The Whip at the Manhattan Opera House as a child:

The heroine, "Lady Di" Sartoris, created by Jessie Bateman, was referenced in P. G. Wodehouse's Heavy Weather (1933).

Adaptations
A novelization by Richard Parker was published in 1913. The play was adapted into films of the same name in 1917 and  again in 1928.

Sources

References

External links

Photographs of the stage settings for The Whip

British plays
1909 plays
Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence

Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence () is an annual Sudanese scientific prize awarded by the President of Sudan for scientific innovation and creativity in applied and technological fields.

History 
On November 7, 1998, President Omer Al-Bashir passed a bill to establish an annual scientific award for innovation and scientific excellence that commemorate General Az-Zubair Mohammed Salih, former Sudan's vice president who died in an aeroplane crash. The award is governed by the Association for the Promotion of Scientific Innovation (APSI), a specialized organization that was established by General Az-Zubair for sponsoring technological advances and scientific research.

Prize types 
The prize is divided onto two major levels:

 Special Honorary Prize - awarded for individuals who had great distinctive works and great scientific position that majorly contributed to the society.
 Competitors level is divided onto three sub-categories:
 Scientific level - open to higher certificate holders and researchers
 Youth level - open to students and graduates of universities and higher institutions
 Talented level - open to anyone that presents valuable and empirical invention or creative work that reflects talent and excellence and has a great value for the society

Prize fields 
The general fields of the Az-Zubair Prize are:
 Islamic Studies
 Medical and Health Sciences
 Engineering and Mathematical Sciences
 Computer Science and Information Technology
 Agriculture
 Veterinary and Animal production.
 Economics and Administrative Sciences
 Natural Sciences
 Liberal Arts
 Behavioural sciences

Award 
The prize award is composed of:
 A medallion of science, awarded by the President of Sudan
 Scientific patent bearing the name of the winner and abstract for winning
 Monetary award of SDD20 million Sudanese dinar (equivalent to $90,000) distributed among the winners

Recipients
 2000 Awn Alsharif Qasim
 2000 Ahmed Hassan Fahal 
 2003 El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh

External links 
 APSI Official website (Arabic Portal)

Science and technology awards
Science and technology in Sudan
Society of Sudan
Awards established in 1998
Recipients of Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence
Orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan
Ross Tolleson

Thorborn Ross Tolleson Jr. (April 26, 1956 – November 5, 2021) was a Republican state senator from Perry, Georgia closely aligned with former Governor Sonny Perdue. They are both from Houston County, Georgia. On October 30, 2015, Tolleson resigned his seat for health reasons, after a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Tolleson was a former banker, insurance salesman, and tree farmer.

Tolleson was born in Perry, Georgia on April 26, 1956, the son of the late Thorborn Ross "Buck" Tolleson Sr. and the late Mary Eolyne Shannon Tolleson. He attended The Westfield School in Perry, Georgia and graduated with the Class of 1975. He then attended the University of Georgia, where he studied general business and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order.

He became the Vice President of Tolleson Supply Company where he worked for over twenty years. He was a founder and board member of the Crossroads Bank of Perry, Georgia which was chartered in 1986. He served as chairman of the Board of Trustees of The Westfield School from 2000 - 2001. He was a Financial Advisor for UBS Paine Webber in Macon, Georgia. Alongside Lowell Shepley, he helped found the Shepley-Tolleson Financial Group.

Tolleson began his political career in 1978, serving as an intern for United States Senator Sam Nunn. He was first elected to the Georgia State Senate in 2002 to represent Georgia's 18th Senate District (which later became the 20th Senate District) succeeding Sonny Perdue, who had stepped down to successfully campaign for governor. Tolleson served in the Georgia State Senate until retiring in November 2015. He served as Chairman of the Georgia Senate Committee for Natural Resources and the Environment for 11 years. He also served as vice-chairman of the Senate Rules Committee and served on the Senate Appropriations Committee.

He was a member of the Perry United Methodist Church in Perry, Georgia.

He was married to Sally Funk Tolleson, who was his high school sweetheart, for 42 years, and had 3 children. Tolleson died on November 5, 2021, at the age of 65.

References

External links

 Official Page at the Georgia General Assembly

1956 births
2021 deaths
Republican Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
People from Perry, Georgia
University of Georgia alumni
21st-century American politicians
American United Methodists
Evans High School (Georgia)

Evans Comprehensive High School is a public high school located in Evans, north of Augusta, Georgia, United States. It serves students in grades 9–12 in the Columbia County School System.

Notable alumni
Rick Allen  U.S. Representative for Georgia's 12th congressional district
Hunter Foster, musical theater actor/singer, librettist, and playwright
Todd Greene, MLB baseball player
Forrest Griffin, professional mixed martial artist
Ben Hayslip, country music songwriter
Kathryn McCormick, dancer and actress
CJ Pearson, political commentator

References

External links
Evans High School website
Columbia County Board of Education

1926 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1926
High schools in Columbia County, Georgia
Public high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
John I of Gaeta

John I (died 933 or 934) was the second hypatos of Gaeta of his dynasty, a son of Dociblis I and Matrona, and perhaps the greatest of  medieval Gaetan rulers. 

John began his rule as an associate of his father from either 867, right after his father's violent takeover, or 877, when he is first mentioned as co-regent. In that year he received the honorific patrikios from Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII. His father disappears from the annals in 906, but he is only confirmed dead in 914. Nonetheless, the intervening period was John's. He recognised his brother Anatolio as duke of Terracina and sold the castle of Dragoncello to his other brothers. 

John began to reverse his father's policy of alliance with the Saracens, and war with Lombard and Greek neighbours. He married his daughters off strategically: Gemma to the Sorrentine prefect Marinus; Maru to the Salernitan nobleman Guaifer; and Matrona to Campolo, son of an important Gaetan family. Probably from the earliest, in 906, but certainly by 914, John associated his own son Docibilis with his rule in a co-regency.

Together, father and son joined the Byzantine strategos Nicholas Picingli's army marching with its Lombard allies to meet the papal and Spoletan forces. All together, the Christian league attacked the Moslems of the Garigliano and, in the subsequent battle, the Gaetan hypati distinguished themselves in victory. The Gaetan territory was extended to the Garigliano River. 

John continued construction on the palace his father had begun and he associated his grandson, John II, with him in 933. He died within the year and left three other sons (Leo, Constantine, and Peter), but Docibilis, who had taken the ducal title in 930, inherited alone and did not divide the realm. Thus, John was the last ruler of Gaeta who was not a duke.

Sources
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, LV, Ginammi – Giovanni da Crema. Rome, 2000.

930s deaths
John 1
Patricii
Year of birth unknown
Hypatoi
Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve

The pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve can be divided into two groups: anterior and posterior.

Anterior
The Anterior Bronchial Branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior or ventral pulmonary branches), two or three in number, and of small size, are distributed on the anterior surface of the root of the lung.

They join with filaments from the sympathetic, and form the anterior pulmonary plexus.

Posterior
The Posterior Bronchial Branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior or dorsal pulmonary branches), more numerous and larger than the anterior, are distributed on the posterior surface of the root of the lung; they are joined by filaments from the third and fourth (sometimes also from the first and second) thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, and form the posterior pulmonary plexus.

Branches from this plexus accompany the ramifications of the bronchi through the substance of the lung.

References 

Peripheral nervous system
Keith (singer)

James Barry Keefer (born May 17, 1949), better known by his stage name Keith, is an American vocalist. His best known song was "98.6" which reached No. 7 on Billboard Hot 100 in 1966. He legally changed his name to Bazza Keefer in 1988, in memory of his mother.

Early life 
James Barry Keefer was born on May 17, 1949, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Career

Early days
Keefer earned his first recording contract with Columbia Records. When Jerry Ross moved across to Mercury Records he took Keefer with him, and the singer soon appeared in the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with his 1966 solo single, "Ain't Gonna Lie".

Chart success
He is best remembered for his hit "98.6"; the recording was issued on the Mercury Records label, and reached No. 24 in the UK Singles Chart in 1967. It was considerably better received in his homeland – the single reached No. 7, and remained for 14 weeks in the bestsellers in the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It sold over one million copies worldwide, earning a gold disc. The track was written by Tony Powers (lyrics) and George Fischoff (music), arranged by Joe Renzetti, and was produced by Jerry Ross.
Its title relates to the normal human body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

His debut album, 98.6/Ain't Gonna Lie, was also issued on the Mercury label.

Later days
His 1968 second Mercury LP, Out of Crank, failed to sell well. The low point in Keefer's life came when United States Army officials arrested him for draft evasion during a concert tour. "I was making coffee for generals," said Keefer. When he got out, Keith did some independent recording and joined Frank Zappa's 1974 touring band. "I think they brought me in to commercialize Frank," Keefer said. Contrary to popular belief, he never sang in Zappa's band. Soon afterward, he recorded three singles for Zappa's DiscReet Records label.

Keefer recorded one last album in 1969, The Adventures of Keith, for RCA Records. It did not sell well, and he then left the music industry until 1986, when an attempted comeback under his real name proved unsuccessful.

He set up A.I.R. Records in 1986 in Redondo Beach, California, and produced albums for several local musicians. These included the singer-songwriter Chuck Hill, and Keith's drummer Shawn Smith, who were both from Denver, Colorado.

In the 1990s, the singer moved into the television industry, although he continues to play live dates.

Discography

Singles
Keith and the Admirations

Keith

Albums

See also
List of performers on Top of the Pops
List of one-word stage names

References

External links
Official Keith website

1949 births
Living people
American male singers
Mercury Records artists
Singers from Philadelphia
RCA Records artists
Pulmonary plexus

The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. The plexus is in continuity with the deep cardiac plexus.

Structure
It innervates the bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. According to the relation of nerves to the root of the lung, the pulmonary plexus is divided into the anterior pulmonary plexus, which lies in front of the lung and the posterior pulmonary plexus, which lies behind the lung. The anterior pulmonary plexus is close in proximity to the pulmonary artery. The posterior pulmonary plexus is bounded by the superior edge of the pulmonary artery and the lower edge of the pulmonary vein. Both lungs are innervated primarily by the posterior pulmonary plexus; it accounts for 74–77% of the total innervation.

Function 
Innervation of the bronchial tree regulates contraction of bronchial smooth muscles, mucous secretions from submucosal glands, vascular permeability, and blood flow. Sensory fiber innervation of the visceral pleura is thought to allow stretch detection.

References

External links

Nerves of the torso
Vagus nerve
Nerve plexus
Keyaron Fox

Keyaron James Fox , born January 24, 1982) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).

Fox also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Washington Redskins, and Houston Texans. He won Super Bowl XLIII over the Arizona Cardinals during his tenure with the Steelers.

College career
He played in 45 games (35 starts) during his tenure at Georgia Tech and finished his career with 376 tackles, 9 sacks, 40 tackles for loss, one INT, two fumble recoveries, six forced fumbles, 14 passes defensed, and seven QB pressures. He majored in management.

Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs
Fox was originally selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round (93rd overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft. In his rookie season he played 12 games and finished the campaign with 7 tackles. His second season with the Chiefs was low key as he only recorded three tackles. In 2006, Fox had a career-high season with 52 tackles and one sack. In his final year with the Chiefs, he played in ten games, recording 21 tackles.

Pittsburgh Steelers

On March 12, 2008 Fox signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers as a free agent. He recorded 17 tackles in 13 games in 2008 as the Steelers beat the Arizona Cardinals in Super Bowl XLIII.

An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Fox was re-signed to a two-year, $1.8 million contract on April 6.

In week 6 of the 2009 season, Fox filled in for an injured Lawrence Timmons, where he intercepted a Brett Favre pass running it back for an 82-yard touchdown to help the Steelers secure a 27-17 victory over the undefeated Minnesota Vikings.

Fox was named the Steelers' special teams captain in 2009 and 2010.

Washington Redskins
On August 6, 2011, Fox signed with the Washington Redskins.

Houston Texans
On July 26, 2012, Fox signed with the Houston Texans. During training camp, he suffered a knee injury and was placed on the injured reserve list on August 9.

References

External links
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets bio
Pittsburgh Steelers bio

1982 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American football linebackers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Atlanta
Washington Redskins players
Houston Texans players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
List of bridges on U.S. Route 101 in Oregon

This is a list of bridges and tunnels longer than 100 feet (30 m) on U.S. Route 101 in Oregon, also known as the Oregon Coast Highway, from south to north. Many of them were designed by Conde McCullough.

See also
Lists of Oregon-related topics

References

Oregon Department of Transportation, Spanning Oregon's Coast, accessed April 2008

 U.S. Route A101
Bridges
Bridges, Route 101
Bridges in Oregon
Oregon
Bridges, Route 101
Narsieh

Narsieh ( Narseh; ) was a Persian general who fled to the Tang dynasty with his father, Peroz III, son of Yazdegerd III, the last Sassanid emperor of Persia, after the Muslim conquest of Persia.

He was escorted back to Persia with a Chinese army led by Pei Xingjian in 679, in order to restore him to the Sasanian throne, but the army stopped in Tokharistan. Pei Xingjian fought successfully against an invasion of Anxi led by the Western Turkic Khan Ashina Duzhi, but Pei then lost his interests in reinstalling the Persian King and left Narsieh in the Anxi Protectorate alone, although Narsieh was still able to maintain his many servants and a high quality of life. Minor Turkic chieftains in the region then pledged their loyalty to the Chinese dynasty due to the defeat of Ashina. The overall result of Pei's expedition was a success for the Tang empire. Upon returning to China, Pei was appointed the minister of rituals and Great general of the right flank guards.

Narsieh then spent the next twenty years fighting the Arabs in Tokharistan until he returned to the Tang China capital of Chang'an in 707, where he lived out the remainder of his life before dying from disease. His sons and daughters married into the Chinese nobility.

Narsieh's uncle, Bahram VII, died in 710, and Bahram's son, Khosrow, was mentioned fighting alongside Sogdians and Turks against the Arabs at the siege of Kamarja in 729 in a futile attempt to reclaim the Sasanian throne. This is perhaps the last known reference to any direct descendant of Yazdegerd III.

See also
Iranians in China

References

Sasanian princes
Tang dynasty generals
7th-century Iranian people
Postganglionic nerve fibers

In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers.

Neurotransmitters
The neurotransmitters of postganglionic fibers differ:
 In the parasympathetic division, neurons are cholinergic. That is to say acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for the communication between neurons on the parasympathetic pathway.
 In the sympathetic division, neurons are mostly adrenergic (that is, epinephrine and norepinephrine function as the primary neurotransmitters). Notable exceptions to this rule include the sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and arrectores pilorum muscles where the neurotransmitter at both pre and post ganglionic synapses is acetylcholine. Another notable structure is the medulla of the adrenal gland, where chromaffin cells function as modified post-ganglionic nerves. Instead of releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine into a synaptic cleft, these cells of the adrenal medulla release the catecholamines into the blood stream as hormones. Like other components of the sympathetic nervous system, all of these exceptions are still stimulated by cholinergic preganglionic fibers.
 In both divisions of the autonomic nervous system, postganglionic neurons express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to receive signals from preganglionic neurons.

See also
 Preganglionic fibers
 Nerve fiber

References

Autonomic nervous system
Omar Brown (sprinter)

Commonwealth Games

Omar Brown (born 21 June 1982 in Trelawny) is a Jamaican sprinter who specialises in the 200 metres.

He was successful as a junior athlete, winning the silver and bronze medals in the 200 m and 100 metres races at the 1999 World Youth Championships. The following year he finished fourth at the World Junior Championships. He ran collegiately for the University of Arkansas.

He won the 200 metres race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and was ranked ninth in the world for the 200 metres that year by Track and Field News magazine.

He suffered a setback in 2007 the form of an ankle injury. He returned at the 2008 Jamaican trials but suffered a hamstring injury, caused by a faulty technique due to pain in his ankle. He underwent surgery in September 2008 to remove a bone spur, but the scar tissue from the surgery hampered his track comeback. He did not return until the end of the 2009 season, taking fourth place in the 200 m at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix.

Personal life
On 3 November 2007, he married Jamaican Olympian Veronica Campbell.

Personal bests

All information taken from IAAF profile.

References

External links
 

1982 births
Living people
Jamaican male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Jamaica
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Arkansas Razorbacks men's track and field athletes
Sportspeople from Trelawny Parish
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Pan American Games competitors for Jamaica
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
James Harris (solicitor)

James W. Harris FBA (1940–2004) was a British solicitor, academic and professor of law at Keble College, University of Oxford.

He was born in Southwark, England and he became blind at the age of four. Harris attended the Linton Lodge School and Royal Worcester College until 1959 when he began studying at Wadham College at Oxford. He was a brilliant student, and gifted in athletics including rowing and riding.

He became a solicitor and later returned to Oxford for a Bachelor of Civil Law.  He taught at the London School of Economics where he pursued a PhD (subsequently published as Law and Legal Science).  He became a Fellow at Keble College at Oxford in 1973, and has also taught in Sydney, Hong Kong and Princeton University. Harris was named as a Fellow of the British Academy and received the Oxford Doctorate of Civil Law.

He was married to Jose Harris, an Oxford historian, and had one son, Hugh who is now an Officer in the Royal Navy. Harris was a devout Anglican.

Bibliography

Variation of Trusts (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1975)
Law and Legal Science (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1979)
Legal Philosophies (Butterworths, London, 1980, 2nd edn., 1997)
Cross and Harris: Precedent in English Law  (4th edn., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991)
Property and Justice (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996)
(Edited) Property Problems: From Genes to Pension Funds (Kluwer Law International, London, 1997)

Harris also authored numerous journal articles.

References

Academics of the London School of Economics
Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford
Fellows of Keble College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Academy
English solicitors
1940 births
2004 deaths
Blind scholars and academics
English Anglicans
English legal scholars
People from the London Borough of Southwark
20th-century English lawyers
Blind lawyers
British lawyers with disabilities
English blind people
Gruffudd Leiaf

Gruffudd Leiaf was a 15th-century Welsh poet, known almost exclusively from his works.  He was reputed to descend from the royal family of Gwynedd.

Gruffudd Leiaf was born in Denbighshire, the son of Gruffudd Fychan, in turn son of Welsh knight Gruffudd ap Dafydd Goch, who served on a 1352 jury and died c. 1370, buried at the church of Betws-y-Coed where his burial monument survives. The reputed father of this earliest Gruffudd, Dafydd Gogh of Penmachno, was claimed by later genealogies to have been an illegitimate son of Dafydd ap Gruffydd, who briefly reigned as the last native Prince of Wales prior to his 1283 execution, though no contemporary evidence of such a son survives.  Gruffudd Fychan had nine children by his wife Wladus ferch Gruffudd of Llifon, Anglesey, including sons Hywel Coetmor, Rhys Gethin, Robert and Gruffudd Leiaf, who with their father were accused in 1390 of preventing non-Welsh-speaking parson William Broun from taking up his parish at Llanrwst, and they were summoned before king Richard II of England and his council, so Gruffudd Leiaf and his brothers were presumably adults at the time. The sons would serve as executors of their father's will in March 1397.

An englyn written by Gruffudd Leiaf survives in two copies, among the Cwrtmawr manuscripts and in the National Library of Wales. A second work, a cywydd to the owl, has also been attributed to him by some manuscripts, though others attribute this work to other poets, his kinsmen Siôn Leiaf and Robert Leiaf, or the unrelated Daffydd ap Gwilym.

Gruffudd was founder of a family of related Welsh poets. A large body of poetic work is attributed to his son, Ieuan ap Gruffudd Leiaf, while Ieuan's son "Syr" Siôn Leiaf and probable son Robert Leiaf, were also poets, and later poet Huw Machno (fl. 1585–1637) of Penmachno was also a reputed descendant of Daffydd Goch and hence akin to Gruffudd Leiaf.

References

13th-century births
14th-century deaths
15th-century Welsh poets
Rich Scanlon

Richard James Scanlon (born December 23, 1980 in Oradell, New Jersey) is an American football linebacker. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football at Syracuse.

Scanlon has also played for the Tennessee Titans and New York Giants.

Early years
Scanlon grew up in Oradell, New Jersey and was a standout player at Bergen Catholic High School, where he was named the New Jersey Defensive Player of the Year by The Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) in 1998.

College career
He appeared in 43 games (27 starts) for Syracuse University and recorded 277 tackles, 4 sacks, two interceptions, three fumble recoveries, two forced fumbles and eight passes defensed. Scanlon graduated with a degree in Exercise Science, with an eye toward attending medical school.

Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs
Scanlon signed with the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2004, played with the Berlin Thunder in 2005 and remained with the Chiefs through the 2007 preseason, when he was released during final cuts.

Tennessee Titans
On October 31, 2007, he signed with the Tennessee Titans.

New York Giants
Scanlon was signed by the New York Giants on December 30, 2008, when Edmond Miles was released.

References

External links
New York Giants bio

1980 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Bergen Catholic High School alumni
Berlin Thunder players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New York Giants players
People from Oradell, New Jersey
Syracuse Orange football players
Tennessee Titans players
Grindstone (horse)

Grindstone (January 23, 1993 – March 22, 2022) was a Thoroughbred racehorse, best known for winning the 1996 Kentucky Derby.

Background
Bred and owned by William T. Young's Overbrook Farm, Grindstone was the son of Unbridled out of the mare Buzz My Bell. Buzz My Bell's dam was a half-sister to La Grue, the dam of the Belmont Stakes winner Pass Catcher.

Upon the death of Go for Gin on March 8, 2022, Grindstone became the oldest living winner of the Kentucky Derby as well as any of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing races.

Racing career
As a three-year-old, Grindstone won the Louisiana Derby and was second in the Arkansas Derby. He then won the 1996 Kentucky Derby with a time of 2:01.06, edging Cavonnier at the wire by a nose. He was jockey Jerry Bailey's second Kentucky Derby winner, and the second in a row for trainer D. Wayne Lukas.

Grindstone was retired five days after his Kentucky Derby victory, when a bone chip was discovered in his knee. He was the first horse since Bubbling Over in 1926 to be retired immediately following a win in the Kentucky Derby.

Race record

Stud record

Grindstone stood at Oakhurst Farm in Oregon, making him the first Kentucky Derby winner to ever stand in the Northwest. His progeny include two millionaires, GR I winner Birdstone and Ekolu Place. He is also, via Birdstone, the grandsire of Mine That Bird and Summer Bird, who both won Triple Crown races in 2009.

Pedigree

References

External links
 1996 Kentucky Derby video via YouTube

1993 racehorse births
2022 racehorse deaths
Racehorses trained in the United States
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Kentucky Derby winners
Thoroughbred family 1-c
Draba aizoides

Draba aizoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, known as yellow whitlow-grass. It is native to Europe where it is found on limestone rocks and walls. In the British Isles it is found only on the Gower Peninsula in Wales.

Description
Draba aizoides is a perennial plant, with a basal rosette of linear, stiff, entire leaves fringed with white bristles. The erect hairless and leafless stems grow to , or exceptionally to , and carry a small number of yellow flowers. These have four broad, hardly-notched petals and four hairless sepals. The seed pods are elliptical. The plant flowers in March and April in the British Isles.

Distribution and habitat
Draba aizoides has a wide distribution in the mountains of southern and central Europe, from the Pyrenees in the west, through the Alps to the Carpathians. It also has a number of isolated occurrences, including the Vosges, Jura, Cévennes, Auvergne, Côte d'Or, Plateau de Langres and the Belgian Ardennes. In the British Isles, it is found only on limestone cliffs on the Gower Peninsula, from Worm's Head to Pwlldu Head. It is a lowland species and grows in pockets of soil in damp cracks and crevices in limestone rocks. When it occurs in grassland or in bare soil away from limestone rocks it seldom thrives.

Status in Britain
This plant was first discovered in 1795 in the British Isles, and genetic analysis has shown that the populations in the Gower are quite distinct from those growing in continental Europe, so the plant does seem to be native to Britain. Although its total population is very small, its overall distribution has largely remained stable; plant collectors have removed some plants but the less accessible ones are persisting, although in some sites they have decreased somewhat for reasons that are not clear.

References

External links

aizoides
Flora of Europe
Gower Peninsula
Plants described in 1767
Veronica spicata

Veronica spicata (spiked speedwell; syn. Pseudolysimachion spicatum) is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is  tall and bears 1 foot long spikes with blue, pink, purple and white flowers.

It is the county flower of Montgomeryshire in the United Kingdom. Cultivated varieties include blue ('Royal Candles'), red ('Red Fox') and white ('Noah Williams').

It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.

References

External links
 

Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
spicata