alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
2000 Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council election

Elections to Wigan Borough Council were held on 4 May 2000. One-third of the council was up for election, as well as an extra vacancy in Norley - both of which were uncontested. Since the election, there had been a by-election in which the Liberal Democrats gained the seat being fought in Hindsford from Labour.

The previous year had seen a peak in candidates contesting, but with the absence of the Greens, who had fielded a full slate last time around, candidates returned to a normal level. Some of those who'd stood for the Greens decided to run on an independent list, covering a quarter of the wards. There were a further handful of Independent candidates elsewhere, including the return of John Vickers in Hindley Green after an eight-year absence, and a second attempt of Jack Sumner in Leigh East, to produce the highest number of Independents contesting since 1973. The Conservatives fielded their highest amount, at 21, since 1982, and the Lib Dems - whilst still much reduced from their Alliance years - produced a stronger showing than recent years of ten candidates. Labour, as usual, contested every seat.

Turnout followed recent trends, at a slightly improved 19.5%, although the three wards that trailed postal voting seen marked increases. Similarities ended there, as the Conservatives seen a dramatic recovery in their fortunes, with their voter share rising to the highest since 1980, and their vote near double recent years figures. Labour, in turn, suffered double-digit swings against them in most wards, with a sharp fall in their vote share to pre-peak levels and their lowest vote figure since the council's inception, narrowly surpassing the previous figure set in 1975. The Lib Dems seen another year of modest improvement in their vote, and the two returning Independents, as well as a third in Hindley garnered large swings towards them.

In all, there were two gains on the night, with Labour gaining in Beech Hill to return it to full Labour representation after a decade of Lib Dem inroads, and a loss to the Conservatives who won back representation on the council by way of their first win in Orrell since 1982. The Lib Dems narrowly held onto their newly won seat in Hindsford, with a 56-vote majority.

Election result

This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:

Ward results

By-elections between 2000 and 2002

References

2000 English local elections
2000
2000s in Greater Manchester
Ali al-Adeeb

Ali Mohammad Al-Hussein Ali Al-Adeeb is an Iraqi politician and a senior member of the Islamic Dawa Party. In April 2006 he was tipped by the United Iraqi Alliance as a candidate for the post of Prime Minister, after their original choice, Ibrahim Jaafari, was vetoed by the Kurdistani Alliance and Iraqi Accord Front.

Adeeb was born in Karbala in 1944 and went to secondary school in Baghdad. He obtained a degree in Literature and Education from the Baghdad University and taught Psychology.

While Saddam Hussein was the President of Iraq, Adeeb was exiled to Iran, where he headed the Teheran-based Political Bureau of the Dawa party and took the nickname "Abu Bilal". He returned to Iraq in 2003 after the invasion.

Adeeb was appointed to the committee that drafted the Constitution of Iraq in 2004, and has been a member of the Iraqi Parliament since 2005.

Sources 
 Profile

References 

1944 births
Living people
Members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Politicians from Karbala
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Islamic Dawa Party politicians
Government ministers of Iraq
University of Baghdad alumni
Al-Mustansiriya University alumni
F. L. Wallace

F. L. Wallace (February 16, 1915 – November 26, 2004), sometimes credited as Floyd Wallace, was a noted science fiction and mystery writer. He was born in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1915, and died in Tustin, California, in 2004. Wallace spent most of his life in California as a writer and mechanical engineer after attending the University of Iowa. He also attended UCLA.

His first published story, "Hideaway", appeared in the magazine Astounding.  Galaxy Science Fiction and other science fiction magazines published his subsequent stories, including "Student Body", "Delay in Transit", "Bolden's Pets", and "Tangle Hold". His mystery works include "Driving Lesson", a second-prize winner in the twelfth annual short-story contest held by Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. His novel Address: Centauri was published by Gnome Press in 1955.  His works have been translated into numerous languages, and his stories are available today around the world in anthologies.

Footnotes

External links
 
 
 
 
 Encyclopedia of Science Fiction entry on F. L. Wallace

1915 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American mystery writers
American science fiction writers
University of Iowa alumni
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
People from Rock Island, Illinois
Wavelet modulation

Wavelet modulation, also known as fractal modulation, is a modulation technique that makes use of wavelet transformations to represent the data being transmitted. One of the objectives of this type of modulation is to send data at multiple rates over a channel that is unknown. If the channel is not clear for one specific bit rate, meaning that the signal will not be received, the signal can be sent at a different bit rate where the signal-to-noise ratio is higher.

References 

Quantized radio modulation modes
Wavelets
Gibson, Mississippi

Gibson is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi. Gibson is located west of Aberdeen on Mississippi Highway 8.

History
Gibson is located along the Kansas City Southern Railway and in 1924 had two general stores and a drugstore. 

In 1900, Gibson had a population of 27.

A post office operated under the name Gibson from 1889 to 1979.

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Richard Rathbone

Richard Rathbone (2 December 1788 – 10 November 1860) was a member of the noted Rathbone family of Liverpool in England.

Life
Rathbone was the second son of William Rathbone IV. Richard was a commission merchant, setting up in partnership with his brother, William Rathbone V in 1809.

On 8 April 1817 Rathbone married his half-cousin, the illustrator and writer, Hannah Mary (5 July 1798 – 26 March 1878), daughter of Joseph Reynolds of Ketley, Shropshire, and granddaughter of Richard Reynolds. Richard devoted a lot of his time to the family business, which concerned his wife.

He retired in 1835. As a committed opponent of the slave trade, he published in 1836 Letter to the President of the Liverpool Anti-Slavery Society.

Rathbone attended the 1840 anti-slavery convention in London and he was included in the painting which is now in the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Rathbone and his wife six children:
 Hannah Mary (1818–1853)
 Richard Reynolds (1820–1898)
 Margaret (b. 1821 later Dixon)
 William Benson (1826–1892)
 Basil (1824–1853)
 Emily (1838–1907, later Greg)

References

1788 births
1860 deaths
English abolitionists
Businesspeople from Liverpool
Richard
19th-century British businesspeople
RadioTux

RadioTux is a German internet radio show. The topics are mostly around free and open source software, free operating systems like *BSD and Linux, as well as on sociopolitical issues. It was founded in 2001.

There have been made more than 100 transmissions and many interviews with famous people like Mark Shuttleworth, Miguel de Icaza, Hans Reiser, Jon “Maddog” Hall, Richard Stallman and so on.
Since 2005 there are also several podcasts available one is the interview feed in English.

Everybody can participate on RadioTux. All topics are welcome: there are no limits.
The site of the project is based on a wiki, which means that anyone can use his/her web browser to enhance the contents of the pages by editing them. This makes it really easy for everyone to participate.

Internal communication works over a mailing list, which is open for everyone to listen in.

Radio on demand 
Shows are produced on a monthly basis. Several volunteers are involved in this process; they include reports, essays, interviews and free music. Depending on the material these shows take 30 to 60 minutes. Users interested in the information only can download a stripped down version without music.

The shows are available in MP3 as well as in the free Ogg/Vorbis format.

Up to now (July 2008) more than 80 shows have been produced. Some of them have been broadcast live at the Berlin radio station.

On the website everyone may leave suggestions for upcoming shows.

Podcasts 
When RadioTux started, podcasts were not yet known, so it can be considered being one of the first podcasts which came up and which is still existing.

Single articles and interviews are made available as podcast. So current news are instantly available. Due to categorisation users can subscribe to the newsfeeds of topics they are interested to and load them directly to MP3 player. This compatibility with current mobile playback devices is the reason why the podcast uses the MP3 format.

Live 
RadioTux often participates at Linux and similar events and reports live. Live broadcasts as comprehensive programming have been transmitted from LinuxTag, the Linux World Conference & Expo and the Chemnitzer Linux-Tage.

On live events RadioTux is being supported by the free radio station Kanal Ratte which provides studio equipment, streaming servers and airtime. Several shows are presented by Kanal Ratte staff and transmitted live into their programme which is available via FM, cable and livestream.

At the Linux World Conference & Expo 2006 in Cologne RadioTux for the first time has been media partner of an event.

Since November 2006 the weekly show RadioTux@HoRadS is presented at the Hochschulradio Stuttgart on FM and livestream. The common topics on Linux and free software were discussed there with studio guests, articles from the RadioTux archive (podcasts, interviews) provide appropriate background information.

See also 
 List of technology podcasts

References

External links 
 
 : podcast episodes

Internet radio in Germany
Technology podcasts
German podcasts
Audio podcasts
Sir John Anstruther, 1st Baronet

Sir John Anstruther, 1st Baronet (c. 1678 – 27 September 1753) was a Scottish politician who sat in the Parliament of Scotland from 1702 to 1707, and in the British House of Commons from 1708 to 1741.

Anstruther was the only son of Sir William Anstruther of Anstruther, M.P. in the Parliament of Scotland and known as Lord Anstruther, Senator of the College of Justices of Scotland (S.C.J.).  Anstruther was created a baronet in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 6 January 1700 and succeeded his father in 1711, inheriting Elie House in Elie, Fife.

Anstruther served as Burgh Commissioner in the Parliament of Scotland for Anstruther Easter from 1702 to 1707. His voting record was mixed and his opinions appeared inconsistent. In general he opposed the Union, but took some lead from Lord Rothes and eventually fell in line with the Squadrone. After the Union of England and Scotland, he was not included among the Scottish representatives in the House of Commons in 1707, but was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for Anstruther Burghs at the 1708 general election. At the 1710 general election there was a contest at Anstruther where he was initially elected but unseated on petition on 10 April 1712. He was elected again in 1713. At the 1715 general election he was returned instead as MP for Fife. He was returned unopposed again in the general elections of 1722, 1727 and 1734. He did not stand in 1741.
 
In 1727 Anstruther was appointed "Sole Master of Works, Inspector and Director-General of all royal buildings in Scotland" by King George II, with responsibility for repairs and alterations to royal palaces and castles north of the border.

Anstruther married, in 1717, Lady Margaret Carmichael, the daughter of James Carmichael, 2nd Earl of Hyndford and had two sons and a daughter. He was succeeded by his eldest son John.

He had a personal library of some significance and books from his collection can be identified by the presence of his engraved bookplate.

References

 

|-

1678 births
1753 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
Masters of Work to the Crown of Scotland
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1702–1707
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1710–1713
British MPs 1713–1715
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
John, 1st Baronet of Anstruther
Greenwood Springs, Mississippi

Greenwood Springs is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi. Greenwood Springs is located east of Amory on U.S. Route 278.

History
Greenwood Springs is named for the nearby mineral spring, which is in turn named for Thomas Greenwood, who moved to the area from Alabama in 1821. Multiple hotels have existed near the springs to allow visitors to take part in the purported healing qualities of the mineral springs. The community was also once home to a sawmill and school.

Greenwood Springs is located along the BNSF Railway. 

Greenwood Springs is served by the Greenwood Springs Community Center.

A post office first began operating under the name Greenwood Springs in 1896.

Natural gas is collected at the Greenwood Springs Field near Greenwood Springs.

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Robin Langford

Robin W. J. Langford (12 September 1953 – 22 November 2014) was an English actor, writer and director.
His acting work included with the Royal Shakespeare Theatre Company in Stratford-upon-Avon; at the Moscow Arts Theatre in Russia at the age of 12; and in his first film, The Comedians, at the age of 12, as Elizabeth Taylor’s son (with Richard Burton, Sir Alec Guinness and Sir Peter Ustinov). He subsequently played many film and television roles, as well as directed in the theatre.

Notable TV credits include the leading role in a BBC adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's The Black Arrow; as well as appearances in The Duchess of Duke Street, Smiley's People, The Tripods and War and Peace.

Filmography

References

External links
 

1953 births
2014 deaths
English male television actors
English male child actors
English male stage actors
20th-century English male actors
Actors from Cheltenham
Writers from Cheltenham
Schorsch Kamerun

Schorsch Kamerun, (born 1963) whose real name is Thomas Sehl, is a German musician, singer, author, theatre director, and club proprietor. His stage name is a parody of the name of the singer of American punk band Dead Kennedys, called Jello Biafra.

Biography
Kamerun was born in Timmendorfer Strand. He is best known as the founding member and lead singer of Die Goldenen Zitronen, a political punk band from Hamburg. In recent years, he has also worked as an author and director for the theater and has staged several of his plays at renowned theatres around Germany, Austria and Switzerland, such as the Volksbuehne in Berlin.

Kamerun is also co-founder, with Rocko Schamoni and others, of the Golden Pudel nightclub in Hamburg, which is well known as a center of the Hamburger Schule movement in German alternative rock.

He also released some solo albums, radio dramas and recorded songs for a few compilation albums.

In 2007 Kamerun performed in Raymond Pettibon's and Oliver Augst's musical The Whole World Is Watching (with Keiji Haino and Marcel Daemgen) at the MaerzMusik festival of the Berliner Festspiele.

Discography
 1996: Warum Ändern Schlief
 1997: Now: Sex Image
 2000: Schorsch Kamerun (as Sylvester Boy) - Monsters Rule The World!

Radio Drama
 Hanns Eisler (1898–1962) - Hollywood Elegien, WDR 2003
 Eisstadt, WDR 2005
 Ein Menschenbild, das in seiner Summe null ergibt, WDR 2006

External links
 Official Website (German)
 http://www.staatstheater-hannover.de/sstuecke04/kinderbett.shtml

References 

Living people
German male musicians
1963 births
Pasindhèn

A pasindhèn () (informally  ) is an Indonesian female solo singer who sings with a gamelan. They may perform in dance, wayang or klenèngan (pure music or "concert") performances.

The pesindhèn may sing together with a gerong (male chorus), but their styles and words will be different. The part of the sindhèn is largely improvised within strict parameters (similar to instrumental cengkok). The sindhèn is also allowed a much freer rhythm, similar to the rebab and suling, instead of the strict rhythm of the gerong.

Sindhen can also refer to the choir of male and female singers used to accompany the bedhaya and serimpi court dances. In this usage, pesindhen refers to the individual members of the choir.

History
The original term for pasindhèn was waranggana, and the women were exclusively background singers for wayang and klenèngan performances. This word was derived from ronggeng, which had undertones of lasciviousness, so in 1948 the most prominent gerong managers gathered and agreed to change it to pasindhèn. Along with this shift in terminology, the women took on more prominent roles in the troupes, and started to sing alone. The stage names of pasindhèn also changed, from pseudonymous birds' names to the women's actual names. Pesindhèn can now be highly paid, with star status, and the presence of a large number of pesindhèn in a wayang performance is a status symbol.

See also

 Gamelan
 Gerongan
 Keplok
 Music of Java

References

Further reading
 Kunst, Jaap. Music in Java. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1949. Page 127.
 Walton, Susan Pratt. Heavenly nymphs and earthly delights: Javanese female singers, their music and their lives. PhD thesis. University of Michigan, 1996.
 Walton, Susan Pratt. Mode in Javanese Music. Monographs in International Studies: Southeast Asia Series 79. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1987.

Gamelan instruments
Singing
Prairie, Mississippi

Prairie, (formerly known as Prairie Station), is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States.

Prairie is located west of Aberdeen on Mississippi Highway 382.

History
Prairie is located along the Kansas City Southern Railway and was incorporated in 1908. It was disincorporated at an unknown date. 

In 1900, Prairie had a population of 122.

A post office operated under the name Prairie Station from 1860 to 1895 and began operating under the name Prairie in 1895.

Prairie is served by the Prairie Community Center.

The Lenoir Plantation is located outside of Prairie and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the only surviving example of a Classical Revival home in Mississippi. The home was the site of a skirmish between Union Army soldiers under the command of George E. Waring Jr. and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

Gulf Ordnance Plant

From 1942 to 1945, Prairie was the site of the Gulf Ordnance Plant, one of the largest ammunition manufacturing plants of World War II. The plant was managed by Procter and Gamble. Up to 10,000 workers—mostly women—were employed at the plant, which manufactured 20, 40, 57, and 67 millimeter shells, rocket launchers, 100-pound bombs and naval tracer ammunition.

During World War II, the ordnance plant was the second-largest employer in the state, behind the Ingalls Shipyard.

The plant was abandoned following the war. Mississippi State University runs an experimental cattle ranch on part of the former plant, while the rest lies in ruins.

Notable people
 Ezekiel C. Gathings, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1939 to 1969
 James Gilreath, pop singer
 William G. Roberds, justice on the Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1940 to 1960

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Mark Van Hoen

Mark Van Hoen (born September 1966, Croydon, London, England) is an English electronic music artist. He has created music under his own name as well as Locust, and Autocreation. Pitchfork said, "Musically, Van Hoen belongs to a distinguished family tree. Originally influenced by the likes of Brian Eno and Tangerine Dream, and later presaging both Autechre's glitch and Boards of Canada's pastoral IDM, with his latest album Van Hoen would fit in just as well alongside White Rainbow or Atlas Sound on a current label like Kranky: He combines oceanic drone with pop lyricism, using technology as a catalyst."

In 1993, Van Hoen signed with the Belgian-based record label, R&S. The initial releases were as Locust and used vintage analogue synthesizers and tape recorders. As the Locust sound moved towards an increasingly more vocal oriented approach in the late 1990s, Van Hoen also began to release music under his own name.

In October 2013, Black Hearted Brother, Van Hoen's collaboration with Neil Halstead, released their debut album,  Stars Are Our Home.

Discography as Locust
 1993: Skysplit – R&S Records
 1994: In Remembrance of Times Past – Apollo Records 
 1994: Natural Composite – Apollo Records
 1994: Needle 12" – Apollo Records
 1994: Weathered Well – Apollo Records
 1995: Truth Is Born of Arguments – Apollo Records
 1997: Morning Light – Apollo Records
 2001: Wrong – Touch
 2013: You'll Be Safe Forever – Editions Mego
 2014: After The Rain
 2020: The Plaintive
 2023: The First Cause

Discography as Mark Van Hoen
 1997: The Last Flowers From The Darkness  – Touch
 1998: Playing With Time – Apollo Records
 2004: The Warmth Inside You – Locust Sound
 2010: Where Is The Truth – City Centre Offices
 2012: The Revenant Diary – Editions Mego
2017:  The Worcester Tapes 1983-1987  – The Tapeworm 
 2018: Invisible Threads'' -  - Touch

References

External links
 Official Mark Van Hoen / Locust site
 R&S Records
 Touch Records
 Peel Session

1966 births
Living people
English electronic musicians
Ambient musicians
English experimental musicians
English people of Indian descent
English techno musicians
Intelligent dance musicians
People from Smethwick
English people of Jamaican descent
English people of Dutch descent
Sir John Anstruther, 2nd Baronet

Sir John Anstruther, 2nd Baronet (27 December 1718 – 4 July 1799) was a Scottish industrialist and politician.

He was the only surviving son of Sir John Anstruther, 1st Baronet, M.P., by Lady Margaret Carmichael, the daughter of James, 2nd Earl of Hyndford and was educated at the University of Glasgow (1733). He succeeded his father as a baronet in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 27 September 1753.

In 1771, with his business partner, Robert Fall, he established the Newark Coal and Salt Company. Coal was extracted from land to the east of St Monans in Fife, and some used to heat salt pans which operated, in conjunction with the still-standing St Monan's Windmill, on the shore to the east of the village. Production at the salt pans employed 20 men and the colliery 36 men. Both saltpans and coal mine were linked by a waggonway to Pittenweem harbour, which was expanded and developed at Sir John's expense.

He served as Member of Parliament for Anstruther Burghs from 1766 to 1774, 1780–1783 and 1790–1793.

He married Janet Fall, Queen of the Gypsies and the second daughter of James Fall, on 4 October 1750. Lady Anstruther was painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1761. They had 3 surviving sons and a daughter. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Philip Anstruther-Paterson.

Like his father, he had a personal library of some significance and books from his collection can be identified by the presence of his engraved bookplate.

References

Burke's Peerage 107th ed.

Anstruther, Sir John
Anstruther, Sir John
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Anstruther, Sir John Anstruther, 2nd Bt
British MPs 1761–1768
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1790–1796
John, 2nd Baronet
The Gris Gris

The Gris Gris were an American four-piece psychedelic rock band from Oakland, California via Houston, Texas originally.

History
The Gris Gris first signed with Birdman Records in 2003 after Garret Goddard of the band The Cuts, gave a burned CD of Greg Ashley's first solo record Medicine Fuck Dream to the owner of Birdman Records, David Katznelson. Birdman then published Ashley's solo album, Medicine Fuck Dream, in 2003 and Gris Gris' debut self-titled album the following year.

The band released three albums together to reasonably positive reviews.

Lead-singer Greg Ashley also released eight solo albums, Medicine Fuck Dream, Painted Garden, Requiem Mass and Other Experiments, Another Generation Of Slaves, Greg Ashley & The Western Playboys, Death Of A Ladies' Man, Pictures Of Saint Paul Street and, Fiction Is Non-Fiction.

Ashley also wrote a book entitled Anecdotes.

Band members
Greg Ashley (formerly of The Mirrors, the Strate Coats, and Sir Lord Von Raven)
Joe Haener (formerly of Battleship, The Rocknroll Adventure Kids, Blanche Devereaux.  Also played in The Dodos' 2008 touring lineup.)
Oscar Michel (formerly of the Rocknroll Adventure Kids and currently Lil' Queenie)
Lars Kullberg (formerly of Boot Party)

Discography

Albums
The Gris Gris (2004 Birdman Records)
For the Season (2005 Birdman Records)
Live at the Creamery (2009 Birdman Records)

Singles and EPs
Mary No. 38 single (2004 Birdman Records)
Pick up your raygun (acoustic) single (2005 Birdman Records)

References

Indie rock musical groups from California
Musical groups from Oakland, California
Birdman Records artists
Jerusalem church

Jerusalem was the first center of the church, according to the Book of Acts, and according to the Catholic Encyclopedia the location of "the first Christian church".

Jerusalem church may refer to:

 History of early Christianity#Jerusalem church
 Council of Jerusalem
 Cenacle
 Church of the Holy Sepulchre
 Church of Jerusalem (disambiguation)
 Patriarch of Jerusalem (disambiguation)
 Patriarchate of Jerusalem (disambiguation)
 Jerusalem Church (Berlin)
 Jerusalem's Church, Copenhagen
Storehouse

Storehouse may refer to:

 Storehouse plc, a British retail conglomerate
 Warehouse, a building for storing goods
Nadim al-Jabiri

Nadim al-Jabiri (born 1959) is an Iraqi politician and the former secretary-general of the Islamic Virtue Party, which at the time was a component of the United Iraqi Alliance until it left in March 2007. He left office following differences over the nomination of Ibrahim al-Jaafari to head the new Iraqi government, and was succeeded as secretary-general by Abd al-Rahim al-Hasini in May 2006.

Nadim al-Jabiri has been a professor of politics at Baghdad University.

References

Living people
Members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Islamic Virtue Party politicians
1959 births
Academic staff of the University of Baghdad
Quincy, Mississippi

Quincy is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States.

Quincy is located approximately 8 miles east of Amory on U.S. Route 278.

History
Quincy is located along the BNSF Railway. 

In 1900, Quincy had a church and population of 32.

A post office operated under the name Quincy from 1827 to 1956.

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
7th Street

7th Street may refer to:

Urban roadways
 7th Street (Johannesburg), South Africa
 7th Street (New York City), a street in Manhattan, United States
 7th Street (Washington, D.C.), United States
 Carrera Séptima (7th Street), a street in Bogotá, Colombia

Other
 Seventh Street (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 "7th Street", final round, also known as River (poker), of cards in 7-card stud
7th Street station (disambiguation), train stations of the name

See also 
7th Street Entry, Minnesota music venue
Your Enemies Friends

Your Enemies Friends is a post-hardcore rock band that formed in late 2001 in Los Angeles, California.

They have shared the stage with bands such as ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead, Blonde Redhead, The Icarus Line, TV on the Radio, The Promise Ring, and The Mars Volta.

After enlisting the help of producer Alex Newport, Your Enemies Friends immediately began recording The Wiretap EP. Picked up by Buddyhead Records a month later, The Wiretap EP was re-released to much acclaim in underground circles.
“The Wiretap is one of the most stellar and impressive debuts our ears have ever experienced” – Kerrang! Magazine.

In the Spring of 2002, Your Enemies Friends began the touring schedule that would keep them out for the next 19 months. Your Enemies Friends started out by sharing the stage with the likes of Jimmy Eat World, Blonde Redhead, The Promise Ring, the Mars Volta, The Icarus Line, and Hella. Followed up by extensive tours throughout the United States, Canada and Europe with the Donnas, Pretty Girls Make Graves, and Superdrag.

"The Wiretap EP was basically a demo tape that got out of hand and kept us out on tour for a year and a half. And after touring that long off songs I wrote the first month of being in this band, we decided we were ready to make a record." – Ronnie Washburn.

Recorded in the summer of 2003 with the aid of Cameron Webb (Beck, Jimi Hendrix, Danzig) and Curtis Mathewson (Motörhead, Train), Your Enemies Friends’ self-produced full-length, You Are Being Videotaped was released in March 2004. The disc saw the band's paranoid urgency and schizophrenic dynamics further highlighted by adding string arrangements and electronic elements.

2004 started out with a full US and Canadian tour with The Dillinger Escape Plan and The Locust, followed by a US tour with Midtown and Armor for Sleep. A Scandinavian tour including the Øya Festival in Oslo, Norway and a headlining US tour with Read Yellow.

Your Enemies Friends was named the House of Blues/Sirius’ Emerging Artist of the month, nominated by the Diesel:U:Music Radio Awards as Best New Artist, and Your Enemies Friends have been on the CMJ Top 200 charts for eight weeks.

As of 2011, Your Enemies Friends are no longer touring or recording. Washburn and Goodridge play in Seaspin, and have released one EP entitled Reverser.

Trivia
When they recorded their first full-length record You Are Being Videotaped they asked fans to bring dill pickles for them to their shows.

Discography

Albums
You Are Being Videotaped (2004, Buddyhead Records)

Singles and EPs
The Wiretap EP (2002, Buddyhead Records)

External links
Your Enemies Friends official website
Your Enemies Friends on MySpace

American post-hardcore musical groups
Musical groups from Los Angeles
New Jersey Stallions

The New Jersey Stallions were an American soccer team, founded in 1996, which competed in various divisions of the United Soccer Leagues until 2004, after which the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.
The club originally started in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey Stallions in the original USISL Select League, before moving to Toms River, New Jersey and becoming the New Jersey Stallions in 1999. They moved to Union Township, Union County, New Jersey in 2000, and then to Wayne, New Jersey in 2003, before demoting themselves to the USL PDL for the 2004 season, their final one in competition.

They played their final home games in the stadium at DePaul Catholic High School in Wayne, New Jersey, 19 miles north of the state’s largest city, Newark. The team's colors were blue, white and black.

Year-by-year

Honors
 USL D-3 Pro League Northern Division Champions 2000

Stadia
 Stadium at DePaul Catholic High School, Wayne, New Jersey 2004

Notable players
 Giuseppe Rossi
 Andrian Gómez
 Juan Lo
 Daniel Campos
 Frantz Jean-Charles
 Matt Miazga
 Marcelo Fracchia
 Frank Giuliano
 Travis Morrow

External links
 Official Site

 
Soccer clubs in New Jersey
USL Second Division teams
Defunct Premier Development League teams
1996 establishments in New Jersey
2004 disestablishments in New Jersey
Association football clubs established in 1996
Association football clubs disestablished in 2004
Ballyscullion

Ballyscullion () is a small village and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 291 people. The civil parish of Ballyscullion covers areas of County Antrim as well as County Londonderry. The village is situated within Mid-Ulster District.

People
Increase Mather served as a minister at St. Tida's Church, Ballyscullion in the late 1650s until 1659. Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol, known as "The Earl-Bishop", was Bishop of Cloyne from 1767 to 1768, and as Bishop of Derry from 1768 to 1803. He built Downhill House and Ballyscullion House, residences which he adorned with rare works of art.

See also
List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland
List of civil parishes of County Londonderry
List of civil parishes in County Antrim

References

External links
 Profile, NI Neighbourhood Information System
 Profile,  DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses

Villages in County Londonderry
Civil parishes of County Antrim
Civil parishes of County Londonderry
Mid-Ulster District
Alok

Alok is an Indian given name of Sanskrit origin.

People with the given name Alok
Alok (DJ) (born 1991), Brazilian DJ and music producer
Alok Bhargava (born 1954), Indian-American econometrician
Alok R. Chaturvedi, Professor of Information Systems 
Alok Dixit, journalist and social activist
Alok Jena (born 1948), Indian cricketer
Alok Kapali (born 1984), Bangladeshi cricketer
Alok Mehta, Indian Hindi journalist, editor-in-chief of National Dunia
Alok Kumar Mehta (born 1966), Indian politician, member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India
Alok Mukherjee (born c. 1945), Canadian human rights and equity facilitator 
Alok Nath (born 1956), Indian film actor
Alok Nembang, Nepali singer and director
Alok Sharma (born 1967), Indian-born British politician
Alok Tiwari (born 1979), Indian politician
Alok Vaid-Menon (born 1991), Indian-American artist and activist.

See also
Alok Industries, a textile manufacturing company based in Mumbai, India
Alok Senior Secondary School - see List of schools in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Indian given names
Goldenstedt

Goldenstedt is a municipality in the district of Vechta, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Hunte, approximately 12 km northeast of Vechta.

References

Vechta (district)
Bill of quantities

A bill of quantities is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding. The quantities may be measured in number, area, volume, weight or time. Preparing a bill of quantities requires that the design is complete and a specification has been prepared.

The bill of quantities is issued to tenderers for them to prepare a price for carrying out the construction work. The bill of quantities assists tenderers in the calculation of construction costs for their tender, and, as it means all tendering contractors will be pricing the same quantities (rather than taking-off quantities from the drawings and specifications themselves), it also provides a fair and accurate system for tendering.

Creation
Bill of quantities are prepared by quantity surveyors and building estimators, and "Indeed the bill of quantities was the raison d'être for the development of quantity surveying as a separate profession."

The practice  historically of estimating building costs in this way arose from non-contractual measurements, taken off drawings to assist tenderers in quoting lump sum prices.

There are different styles of bills of quantities, mainly the elemental bill of quantities and trade bills

Contingency sum
A contingency sum is an item found within a bill of quantities.

The item refers to unforeseeable cost likely to be incurred during the contracts.

There are two types of contingency sum. The first refers to a specific item, e.g., "additional alterations to services when installing said shower unit", where an item for alterations to existing services is not contained within the bill of quantities but some work is envisaged.

The second type of sum is where money can be allocated to any item, within the bill of quantities, in the same way as the above example or used as "additional work to be undertaken by the contractor, at the request of the contract administrator".

The first is usually approximated by the client’s PQS and the second by the contractors QS (or commercial manager).

See also 
 Bill of materials
 Operational bills

References

Books
 Seeley IH. (1998). Building Quantities Explained 5th Revised edition, Macmillan 
 Seeley IH. (1997). Quantity Surveying Practice, 2nd Revised Macmillan; 
 Lee S. Trench W. Willis A. (2005)  Elements of Quantity Surveying. 10th Edition WileyBlackwell; 
 Ashworth A. Hogg K. (2007). Willis’s Elements of Quantity Surveying 12 Rev Ed edition Blackwell Publishing. 

Construction
Procurement

ru:Смета
Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi

Munzir ibn Sawa () was the governor of the Persian Sasanian Empire of historical Bahrain, the eastern coast of the Arabian peninsula opposite of Tihamah.

Munzir was a prominent Arab chief and Tabi'un in the 7th century who hailed from the Banu Tamim tribe. his genealogical full name is Munzir bin Sawî bin al-Akhnas bin Bayān bin Amr bin Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdullah bin Darim bin Malik bin Hanzalah bin Malik bin Zaid bin Manat Al-Tamimi. He was known as Persian governor of archaic Bahrain lands which included modern time Bahrain, Eastern part of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, South Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Oman during the age of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In the 7th century, when Muhammad started preaching Islam throughout the world, the message of Islam was sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi.

Before Islam, the inhabitants of Bahrain (Eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula) were idol worshippers, worshipping gods such as Awal. Nestorian Christianity was also practiced in the region. Islam swept the entire Arabian region in the 7th century, overturning the idol worshippers and Christians. Muhammad sent his first envoy Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami to Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi, the ruler of Bahrain, which in those days, extended the coast from Basrah in Iraq to the south of Qatar, including al-Hasa, Kuwait, Bahrain, the UAE & Oman, in the year 628, inviting him to Islam. Munzir, responding to Muhammad's call announced his conversion to Islam and all the Arab inhabitants of historical Bahrain became Muslim, heralding the beginning of the Islamic era in Bahrain. Consequently, Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami was appointed by Muhammad as his representative in Bahrain to collect the Zakah (religious tax).

Letter of Muhammad

During the Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) Muhammad sent Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami to Munzer bin Sawa the king of Bahrain called Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi. The letter from Muhammad is preserved and can be seen at Beit Al Qur'an museum in Hoora, Bahrain, with the seal of Muhammad still intact, though some have claimed it's a forged replica.

See also
 Khamis Mosque
 Islam
 Bahrain
 Qatar
 Muqawqis
 Non-Muslims Interactants with Muslims During Muhammad's Era
 List of battles of Muhammad

Further reading
 al-Mubarakpuri, Saif-ur-Rahman (2002). al-Raheeq al-Makhtoom, "The Sealed Nectar". Islamic University of Medina. Riyadh: Darussalam publishers. .

References

History of Eastern Arabia
Governors of the Sasanian Empire
Converts to Islam
Arabs from the Sasanian Empire
7th-century Arab people
Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers

Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers (known to ringers as Dove's Guide or simply Dove) is the standard reference to the rings of bells hung for English-style full circle ringing. The vast majority of these "towers" are in England and Wales but the guide includes towers from the rest of the British Isles as well as a few from around the world (including the United States, Australia, Canada, Africa and New Zealand). The latest edition is Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers to the Rings of Bells of the World (11th Edition).

History
The guide was first published in 1950 by Ronald Hammerton Dove (1 June 1906 – 19 March 2001) under the title A Bellringer's Guide to the Church Bells of Britain and Ringing Peals of the World. Previously the location of rings of bells was a matter only of local knowledge and hearsay. Dove produced eight editions of his guide between 1950 and 1994, managing to visit and ring at nearly all the ringable towers himself (a never-ending task as rings are continually added, removed or upgraded and, at least in the Guide's early years, rediscovered).

After 1994, he handed over responsibility for the Guide to the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. The 11th edition (December 2018) is the most recent published as a book (now under the title Dove's Guide) and is also made available as a database for free access via the Internet: the Central Council continues to maintain the guide online.

Contents
Entries in the Guide traditionally listed the town or village, the county (or country), the dedication (saint) of the church, the number of bells, the weight of the tenor (the largest bell) and its musical note, and the tower's usual practice night. It also noted whether the bells were in an unringable or unsafe condition. Appendices (not currently available online) also give information about rings of bells by number, weight, and county; a list of the heaviest bells in the British Isles; and details of changes since the previous edition. This information is helpful for those interested in trends over time. The online guide is, however, searchable by almost every criterion.

Although it was sometimes assumed to be exhaustive, Dove's Guide never pretended to be a complete catalogue. In fact, the Guide is under continual review and enhancement. Map grid references are now shown, and even details of towers as points of interest for users of satellite navigation systems: details of individual bells in each ring are being added gradually.

It is an invaluable aid for the holidaying bell ringer looking for a tower to visit, or for organising a tower grab (ringing outing). However, contact information for towers is still best obtained from individual websites and reports.

Printed editions

External links

References

1950 non-fiction books
Books about the United Kingdom
British books
Campanology
Publications established in 1950
Travel books
Holdorf, Lower Saxony

Holdorf is a municipality in the district of Vechta, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km southwest of Vechta, and 35 km north of Osnabrück. It is the native homeland of the Holdorf clan, who have since settled in Denmark.

References

External links
 

Vechta (district)
Cascade, New Hampshire

Cascade is an unincorporated community within the city of Berlin and the town of Gorham, New Hampshire, United States. The village gets its name from a nearby alpine waterfall, which is visible in the hills to the east. The village straddles New Hampshire Route 16, the main road into Berlin from the south. On the eastern side of the road, there is a paper finishing mill located on flatlands by the Androscoggin River known as "Cascade Flats". On the western side there is a hill known as "Cascade Hill".

History
In the mid-1800s, travelers were attracted by the beauty of the Alpine Cascades. At that time, the cascades were reached by a small wire suspension bridge and a little trail through a grove. In 1904, construction of the Cascade Mill began by the Brown Company. Italian and Polish immigrants help build the mill and later settled around it. Unfinished paper products from the Berlin mill were brought to this mill by two GE 70-ton locomotives, and from there the paper processes were finished. The mill is now Gorham Paper and Tissue, which is managed by Patriarch Partners.

In 1988, archaeological digs discovered four prehistoric sites on the east side of the Androscoggin River in the area of Pulsifer Rips, a two-mile-long stretch of river below Cascade Dam. The sites include remains of a village and stone tool workshops.

Image gallery

References

External links
"Berlin New Hampshire History" at weebly.com

Unincorporated communities in New Hampshire
Unincorporated communities in Coös County, New Hampshire
Berlin, New Hampshire
Outcome bias

The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known. Specifically, the outcome effect occurs when the same "behavior produce[s] more ethical condemnation when it happen[s] to produce bad rather than good outcome, even if the outcome is determined by chance."

While similar to the hindsight bias, the two phenomena are markedly different. Hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.

Overview
One will often judge a past decision by its ultimate outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made, given what was known at that time. This is an error because no decision-maker ever knows whether or not a calculated risk will turn out for the best. The actual outcome of the decision will often be determined by chance, with some risks working out and others not. Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision-makers responsible for events beyond their control.

Baron and Hershey (1988) presented subjects with hypothetical situations in order to test this.
One such example involved a surgeon deciding whether or not to do a risky surgery on a patient. The surgery had a known probability of success. Subjects were presented with either a good or bad outcome (in this case living or dying), and asked to rate the quality of the surgeon's pre-operation decision. Those presented with bad outcomes rated the decision worse than those who had good outcomes. "The ends justify the means" is an often-used aphorism to express the outcome effect when the outcome is desirable.

This mistake occurs when currently available information is incorporated when evaluating a past decision. To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one would evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.

Outside of psychological experiments, the outcome bias has been found to be substantially present in real world situations. A study looking at the evaluation of football players' performance by coaches and journalists found that players' performance is judged to be substantially better—over a whole match—if the player had a lucky goal rather than an unlucky miss (after a player's shot hit one of the goal posts).  Another study found that professional basketball coaches are "more likely to revise their strategy after a loss than a win... even when a loss was expected and even when failure is due to factors beyond the team's control."

The outcome bias is closely related to the philosophical concept of moral luck as in both concepts, the evaluation of actions is influenced by factors that are not logically justifiable.

See also
 Deontology vs. teleology and consequentialism (ethical theories)
 Group attribution error
 Hindsight bias
 Historian's fallacy
 List of cognitive biases

References

Cognitive biases