alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Optical chaos

In the field of photonics, optical chaos is chaos generated by laser instabilities using different schemes in semiconductor and fiber lasers. Optical chaos is observed in many non-linear optical systems. One of the most common examples is an optical ring resonators.

Optical computing
Optical chaos was a field of research in the mid-1980s and was aimed at the production of all-optical devices including all-optical computers. Researchers realised later the inherent limitation of the optical systems due to the nonlocalised nature of photons compared to highly localised nature of electrons.

Communications
Research in optical chaos has seen a recent resurgence in the context of studying synchronization phenomena, and in developing techniques for secure optical communications.

References

Photonics
Chaos theory
Nonlinear optics
Shikara (disambiguation)

Shikara, Shikhara, and other variants can refer to one of the following:

 Shikara, a type of wooden ship found on Dal Lake
 Shikhara, the rising roof of a Hindu temple in North India
 Shikra, a bird of prey also known as the little banded goshawk
 Sikra, a village in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch district of Gujarat, India.

Films
 Shikar (1968 film), a Bollywood film 
 Shikhar (2005 film), a Bollywood drama film
 Shikar (2006 film), a Bollywood drama film
 Shikara (2020 film), a Bollywood romantic drama film

Other uses 

 Code Shikara, a computer worm, related to the Dorkbot family

See also
Teruzane Utada

is a Japanese music executive producer.

He married Junko Utada (née Keiko Fuji) and oversaw her career. They were married and divorced to each other seven times. Their only child is the singer Hikaru Utada, one of Japan's most successful pop music singers of all time.

Teruzane Utada was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Yamaguchi Tokuji town Fujiki. He fought in the Vietnam War. Depending on the producer, Utada also uses the names Sking U, Utada Sking Teruzane, and Utada Skingg Teruzane.

Musical works

Only lyrics

For Joe Hisaishi 
 1986: THE WINTER REQUIEM (album: CURVED MUSIC)
 1986: A RAINBOW IN CURVED MUSIC (album: CURVED MUSIC)
 1989: MEET ME TONIGHT (album: PRETENDER)
 1989: TRUE SOMEBODY (album: PRETENDER)
 1989: WONDER CITY (album: PRETENDER)
 1989: ALL DAY PRETENDER (album: PRETENDER)
Composer: Joe Hisaishi

For J-WALK (now named "THE JAYWALK") 
 1987: YOU MAKE ME FEEL SO ALIVE (album: Owari no nai natsu)
 1987: BELIEVE ME (album: Owari no nai natsu)
Composer: Izumi Tsunehiro

Only composer

For U3 
 1993: STAR (album: STAR)
 1993: Ikirukoto o oshiete kureta (album: STAR)
Co-writer by SKING U & RA U.

For Keiko Fuji 
 1994: Sake ni you hodo (single: Sake ni you hodo)
 1997: Otome (single: Otome)
 1997: Daite... (single: Otome)
Co-writer by SKING U & RA U

Singer

U3 
 1993: Umareta toki kara I Love You (album: STAR)
 1993: New York Serenade (album: STAR)
Co-writer by SKING U & RA U

Keiko Fuji with Cubic U 
 1996: Tsumetai tsuki 〜 nakanaide 〜 (single: Tsumetai tsuki 〜 nakanaide 〜)
 1996: Golden Era (single: Tsumetai tsuki 〜 nakanaide 〜)
Co-writer by SKING U & RA U

References

1948 births
Japanese male composers
Japanese record producers
Living people
Musicians from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Hikaru Utada
Kuvendi

Kuvendi may refer to:
 Assembly of the Republic of Albania ()
 Assembly of Kosovo ()
 Güvəndik, Azerbaijan
Vimanam

Vimanam amy refer to:

Shikhara, the rising roof of a Hindu temple in North India
Vimanam (tower), which crowns the innermost sanctum of a South Indian temple (Dravidian style of architecture)
Vimanam (game), a traditional boardgame in India
Vimaanam, 2017 Indian Malayalam-language film
Vimanam (2023 film), a 2023 Indian Telugu-language film

See also
Vimana (disambiguation)
Wakeful Stakes

The Wakeful Stakes is a Victoria Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies, run under set weights with penalties conditions, over 2,000 metres at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia on Victoria Derby Day.  Total prize money for the race is A$300,000.

History

The race is considered the main lead in to the Crown Oaks which is raced five days later over 2,500 metres on the third day of the VRC Spring Carnival. Thirty-five fillies have completed the Wakeful Stakes – VRC Oaks double.

Name

The race is named after Wakeful, the champion mare of the early 20th century, who won the Melbourne Stakes three times (1901–1903), the predecessor to the LKS MacKinnon Stakes which was run on the same day as this event prior to 2016.

Distance
1932–1953 - 1 mile (~1600 metres)
1968–1971 - 1  miles (~2000 metres)
1972 onwards - 2000 metres

Grade
1932–1978 -  Principal Race
1979 onwards -   Group 2

1954 racebook

Winners

 2022 - Zennzella
 2021 - Willowy
 2020 - Victoria Quay
 2019 - Miami Bound
 2018 - Aristia
 2017 - Luvaluva
 2016 - Tiamo Grace
 2015 - Ambience
 2014 - Thunder Lady
2013 - Kirramosa
2012 - Zydeco
2011 - Atlantic Jewel
2010 - Brazilian Pulse
2009 - Faint Perfume
2008 - Rocha
2007 - Zarita
2006 - Tuesday Joy
2005 - Serenade Rose
2004 - Hollow Bullet
2003 - Timbourina
2002 - Hierogram
2001 - Quays
2000 - Lolita Star
1999 - My Sienna
1998 - Grand Archway
1997 - Kensington Palace
1996 - Danendri
1995 - Saleous
1994 - Dream Of The Dance
1993 - Arborea
1992 - Love Comes To Town
1991 - Richfield Lady
1990 - Beachside
1989 - Tristanagh
1988 - Research
1987 - Imposera
1986 - Diamond Shower
1985 - Heat Of The Moment
1984 - Our Lafite
1983 - La Caissiere
1982 - Royal Regatta
1981 - Sheraco
1980 - November Rain
1979 - Brava Jeannie
1978 - Scomeld
1977 - Sun Sally
1976 - Savoir
1975 - † How Now / Calera
1974 - Leica Show
1973 - † Love Aloft / Just Topic
1972 - Toltrice
1971 - Kazanlik
1970 - Sanderae
1969 - Glad Rags
1968 - With Respect
1967 - Eld
1966 - Star Belle
1965 - Fire Band
1964 - Light Fingers
1963 - Raindear
1962 - Lady Marg
1961 - Indian Summer
1960 - Wenona Girl
1959 - Weeamera
1958 - Chicola
1957 - Amneris
1956 - Sandara
1955 - Evening Peal
1954 - Blue Amber
1953 - Caramba
1952 - Just Caroline
1951 - La Castana
1950 - True Course
1949 - Chicquita
1948 - Grey Nurse
1947 - † Nizam's Ring / Jalna
1946 - Sweet Chime
1945 - Marocain
1944 - Rainbird
1943 - Three Wheeler
1942 - East End
1941 - Kelos
1940 - Session
1939 - Snow White
1938 - Early Bird
1937 - Prairie Moon
1936 - Siren
1935 - Link Divine
1934 - Arachne
1933 - Golden Hair
1932 - Protea

Notes:

† Run in divisions
Fillies in italics completed the Wakeful Stakes – VRC Oaks double

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Horse races in Australia
Flat horse races for three-year-old fillies
Flemington Racecourse
Double Platinum (disambiguation)

Double platinum is a type of music recording sales certification.

Double Platinum may also refer to:
 Double Platinum (film), a 1999 telemovie
 Double Platinum (Kiss album) (1978)
 Double Platinum (The Ten Tenors album) (2011)
Williams FJ33

The Williams FJ33 is an American family of turbofan jet engines intended for use in very light jet aircraft. The FJ33 is a scaled-down version of the FJ44 engine. The FJ33-5A is the latest version certified in June 2016.

Design
Engine configuration is a single stage fan, with booster stage, driven by a two-stage LP turbine, supercharging a centrifugal HP compressor, driven by a single stage HP turbine. An annular combustor is featured.

The FJ33 has a dry weight of less than , overall diameter of ,  overall length, and produces between  and  static thrust. Specific fuel consumption at  thrust (SLS, ISA) is understood to be .

Variants
 FJ33-1
 FJ33-2
 FJ33-3
 FJ33-4-A11
 FJ33-4
 FJ33-4-17M
 FJ33-4-18M
 FJ33-4A-19
 FJ33-5A
 Jahesh-700
Iranian Reverse engineered variant serving as high endurance UAV powerplant.

Applications
 Adam A700
 ATG Javelin
 Cirrus Vision SF50
 Diamond D-Jet
 Epic Elite
 Flaris LAR01
 Spectrum S-33 Independence
 Sport Jet II
 Eclipse 700

Specifications (FJ33-5A)

See also

References

External links

 Williams Product Information FJ33
 List of jets designed to use FJ33

Medium-bypass turbofan engines
2000s turbofan engines
FJ33
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Alabama State Route 269

State Route 269 (SR 269) is a  route that extends northwestward from Birmingham to Jasper.  The route runs west of Interstate 22 (I-22) and roughly parallels that route.  Other towns along the route include Maytown, Sylvan Springs, and Parrish.

Route Description

The southern terminus of SR 269 is at the junction with I-20/I-59 at Exit 120 in western Birmingham.  The route leads through the Ensley community along 20th Street, passing by the former U.S. Steel Ensley works.  After leaving Birmingham, the route leads through several small communities in western Jefferson County into Walker County.  The northern terminus of the route is at its junction with SR 69 west of Jasper.

Major intersections

References

269
269
Transportation in Jefferson County, Alabama
Transportation in Walker County, Alabama
Sharafiya

Sharafiya is a village located in Nineveh Governorate in Iraq.

See also
List of Assyrian settlements
Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
Assyrians in Iraq
Yazidis in Iraq

Sources 

Populated places in Nineveh Governorate
Assyrian communities in Iraq
Nineveh Plains
Chimaphila maculata

Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen, also called striped wintergreen, striped prince's pine, spotted pipsissewa, ratsbane, or rheumatism root)  is a small, perennial, evergreen herb native to eastern North America and Central America, from southern Quebec west to Illinois, and south to Florida and Panama.

Description
It has dark green, variegated leaves  in length, and  in width. The variegation of the leaves arises from the distinct white veins contrasted with the dark green of the leaf.

The stems emerge from creeping rhizomes, growing  tall. The nearly round flowers, which appear in early summer, are found on top of tall stalks. They are white or pinkish and are insect pollinated. The flowers mature to small ( in diameter) capsules bearing the seeds of the plant, which are dispersed by the wind.

Ecology
It can be found in sandy habitats, well-drained upland forests, oak-pine woods, and similar mesic habitats and woodlands. It is very tolerant of acidic soil and shade. Like many ericaceae species, the plant is believed to partially rely on mycorrhizal (and possibly ericoid mycorrhizal) connections in order to thrive.

Medicinal history
"The Creek Indians called it 'pipsisikweu' – which means 'breaks into small pieces' – after the supposed ability to break down gallstones and kidney stones. ... Native Americans used its leaf tea to treat rheumatism and stomach problems, and crushed leaves were applied as a poultice to sores and wounds."

Conservation status
Spotted wintergreen is endangered in Canada, as there are four living populations in southern Ontario, and there is one extremely small extant population in Quebec.

It is endangered in Illinois and Maine. In New York it is considered Exploitably Vulnerable.

See also
Wintergreen (disambiguation)
Wintergreens

References

maculata
Endangered plants
Groundcovers
Medicinal plants of Central America
Medicinal plants of North America
Plants described in 1753
Rhizomatous plants
Stoloniferous plants
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Arbutus Ridge

Arbutus Ridge is an affluent residential neighbourhood in Vancouver's West Side. It is bordered by 16th Avenue in the north, 41st Avenue in the south, Mackenzie Street in the west, and East Boulevard in the east. The neighbourhood is characterized by larger than average lot sizes, with stately homes on tree-lined streets.

One of the catalysts for growth in the neighbourhood was the existence of the Vancouver-Steveston Interurban route of the British Columbia Electric Railway, which ran between 1905 and 1958. The route once followed by the interurban is now part of the Arbutus Greenway.

History
In 1888, the Province granted 2,100 hectares (5,289 acres) of land to the Canadian Pacific Railway, including a large portion of what is now Arbutus Ridge. The land consisted of uplands that surrounded a low-lying marsh area called Asthma Flats. The upland areas were developed first, between 1912 and the 1930s. In the 1940s and 1950s, the marsh was filled in with sand brought in from False Creek to allow the development of houses and shops.

Demographics

Education 

Prince of Wales Secondary School is located in the neighbourhood, along with Carnarvon Elementary School and Trafalgar Elementary School, which offers a French immersion program.

Businesses 
Arbutus Ridge is a predominantly residential area with small businesses clustering along Arbutus, between Broadway and W. 16th Avenue.

Houses 
Most of the lot sizes are large (50-foot frontage by 120-foot depth), with stately homes on tree-lined streets.  In the spring, the area becomes a mecca for cherry blossom enthusiasts, with its many blocks full of blossoms.

Heritage 
The Curry Residence at the intersection of Arbutus Street and West Eighteen Avenue is a one-storey and basement single-family residence.  The house is a relatively rare example of Mission Style domestic architecture in Vancouver.

Accommodation 
There are no hotels, however, there are a few bed and breakfast in the area, including Vancouver Traveller Bed and Breakfast on West 21st Avenue, between Arbutus Street and Yew Street.

Notes

References

External links 
City of Vancouver – Arbutus Ridge
Vancouver Heritage Foundation.org /house-styles/

Neighbourhoods in Vancouver
Edward Manifold Stakes

The Edward Manifold Stakes is a Victoria Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race for three year old fillies at set weights run over a distance of 1600 metres at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia in early October.  Prize money is A$300,000.

History
The race is named after Edward Manifold, the long term committeeman of the Victoria Racing Club and member of many Western District racing clubs in the early years of the 20th century.

Grade
 1932–1978- Principal race
 1979 onwards - Group 2

Distance
 1932–1978 - 1 mile (~1600 metres)
 1979–1992, 1994–95, 2010–11 – 1600 metres
 1993, 1998–99 – 1625 metres
 1996 – 1626 metres
 1997 – 1631 metres
 2000 – 1624 metres
 2001–03, 2007 – 1620 metres
 2004–06, 2008–09, 2012–13 – 1610 metres
 2014 onwards - 1600 metres

Winners

 2022 - She's Licketysplit
 2021 - Elusive Express
 2020 - Thermosphere
 2019 - Moonlight Maid
 2018 - Amphitrite
 2017 - Bring Me Roses
 2016 - Serenely Discreet
 2015 - Badawiya
 2014 - Fontein Ruby
 2013 - Se Sauver
 2012 - Maybe Discreet
 2011 - Mosheen
 2010 - Sistine Angel
 2009 - Majestic Music
 2008 - Gallica
 2007 - El Daana
 2006 - She Will Be Loved
 2005 - Serenade Rose
 2004 - Alinghi
 2003 - Special Harmony
 2002 - Coupe
 2001 - Ugachuka
 2000 - So Gorgeous
 1999 - My Sienna
 1998 - Inaflury
 1997 - Rose Of Danehill
 1996 - Ascorbic
 1995 - Rubidium
 1994 - Love Of Mary
 1993 - Brompton Cross
 1992 - Azzurro
 1991 - Richfield Lady
 1990 - Twiglet
 1989 - French Gypsy
 1988 - Riverina Charm
 1987 - Midnight Fever
 1986 - Society Bay
 1985 - Rebecca Gay
 1984 - Spirit Of Kingston
 1983 - Taj Eclipse
 1982 - Emancipation
 1981 - Darling Take Care
 1980 - Tynia
 1979 - Stage Hit
 1978 - Shannara
 1977 - Princess Talaria
 1976 - Snowmist
 1975 - Better Vain
 1974 - Rainburst
 1973 - Nandalie Lass
 1972 - Sabot
 1971 - Special Draw
 1970 - Dual Choice
 1969 - Gaelic Spirit
 1968 - Snowtop
 1967 - Chosen Lady
 1966 - Storm Queen
 1965 - Gipsy Queen
 1964 - Light Fingers
 1963 - Our Fun
 1962 - Arctic Star
 1961 - Indian Summer
 1960 - Lady Sybil
 1959 - Mintaway
 1958 - Wiggle
 1957 - Goldenway
 1956 - Bendrum
 1955 - Summersette
 1954 - Biff
 1953 - Roslyn
 1952 - Colinga
 1951 - Lady Havers
 1950 - Slick Chick
 1949 - Chicquita
 1948 - Siren Song
 1947 - Perm
 1946 - Joy Stream
 1945 - Norwich
 1944 - Delina
 1943 - Simmering
 1942 - Mermeran
 1941 - Primavera
 1940 - Tranquil Star
 1939 - Border Lass
 1938 - Lady Montague
 1937 - Ena
 1936 - Siren
 1935 - Bimilla
 1934 - Arachne
 1933 - Hap
 1932 - Dutchie

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Horse races in Australia
Flat horse races for three-year-old fillies
Flemington Racecourse
St. Luminous Mission High School

is a 1998 13-episode anime television series produced by GENCO and animated by Triangle Staff.

Story

When his grandfather dies, Kaihei inherits the post of chairman at an eccentric private girls' school which emphasises the personal freedom of its students. But he arrives to find that one of the students has gone missing. As he investigates Melina's disappearance more students vanish, strange events occur and his position is placed under increasing pressure from teachers and parents.

Characters
 

The boy who's appointed chairman of a girls' school, and must investigate the disappearances

 

Kaihei's friend, who must pretend to be a girl to enroll at St Luminous

 

One of the nuns who run St Luminous
22 years old

 

Kaihei's cousin

 

Noriko's friend

 

first girl to go missing

 

Often abandons campus to surf

 

22-year-old pianist who attempts to summon UFOs

 

Dealer in fragrances

 

 

An artist

 

 President of the broadcast club

 Maako, Mei, Dona
 reporters for the broadcast club, also known as "The Three Mermaids"

 

 Ringwald believes she was abducted by aliens

Episodes

External links
 

1998 anime television series debuts
Genco
School life in anime and manga
TV Tokyo original programming
Harold Mertz

Harold J. "Bud" Mertz is considered to be the driving force in the creation of the Hybrid III crash test dummy, the standard dummy used today. Working with General Motors in the late 1960s, Mertz designed and built the dummy which is today the only recognized test device in both North America and Europe for restraint devices which protect against frontal collisions.

Mertz earned his bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering at Wayne State University, and took a course on fluid dynamics under the tutelage of Lawrence Patrick, who was at the time using himself as a guinea pig in investigating the effects of car crashes on humans. Patrick offered Mertz an opportunity to work as his research assistant, and Mertz accepted.

Mertz went on to do his graduate studies at Wayne State, and worked with cadavers in crash testing studies too violent to use live volunteers. He completed his Ph.D. with a dissertation on whiplash-type injuries in 1967, In 1969, he was hired as a senior researcher at GM.

Mertz retired from General Motors in 2005, and lives with his wife in Harper Woods, Michigan.

External links
"GM's 'Father' of Hybrid III Crash Test Dummies Has Dedicated His Career to Automotive Safety", General Motors

20th-century births
Living people
General Motors former executives
Automotive safety pioneers
Wayne State University alumni
People from Harper Woods, Michigan
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jeassy

Jeassy, also known as J. C. or Jesey, was an Indian director and actor of Malayalam movies. His first film as an actor 
was Ramu Kariat's Ezhu Rathrikal. Some of his notable films as an actor were Adimakal, Kallichellamma, Allahu Akbar, Manpeda, Kuttyedathi and Ganga Sangamam. Shapamoksham, made in 1974, was his first film as a 
director. Since the early 1970s, he has directed some 30 movies.

Filmography

Director

Shapamoksham (1974)
Aswathy (1974)
Chandanan Chola (1975)
Sindhooram (1976)
Agni Pushpam (1976)
Rajaankanam (1976)
Veedu Oru Swargam (1977)
Aval Viswasthayayirunnu (1978)
Aarum Anyaralla (1978)
Thuramukham (1979)
Rakthamillatha Manushyan (1979)
Ezhunirangal (1979)
Puzha (1980)
Pavizha Mutthu (1980)
Dooram Arike (1980)
Akalangalil Abhayam (1980)
Aagamanam (1980)
Thaaraavu (1981)
Oru Vilippadakale (1982)
Ethiraalikal (1982)
Nizhal Moodiya Nirangal (1983)
Orikkal Oridathu (1985)
Eeran Sandhya (1985)
Akalathe Ambili (1985)
Adukkan Entheluppam (1986)
Neeyethra Dhanya (1987)
Ivide Ellavarkkum Sukham (1987)
Purappadu (1990)
Sarovaram (1993)
Sankeerthanam Pole (1997)

Actor

Asthram(1983)
Allahu Akbar(1977)
Oru Sundariyude Katha (1972)...Georgekutty
Kuttyedathi(1971)
Gangaasangamam (1971)
Manpeda  (1971)
Ernakulam Junction(1971)
Jalakanyaka (1971)
Rathrivandi (1971)
Ara Nazhika Neram (1970)
Nizhalattam (1970)
Kallichellamma (1969)
Adimakal (1969) .... Ananthan
Ezhu Rathrikal (1968)
Bhoomiyile Malakha  (1965)

Screenplay
Thaaraavu  (1981)
Shapamoksham (1974)
Aswathy (1974)
Azhimukham  (1972)
Bhoomiyile Malakha (1965)

Dialogue
Shapamoksham (1974)
Azhimukham (1972)
Bhoomiyile Malakha (1965)

Story
Agni Pushpam (1976)

Tele films
Mohapaskhikal 
Kuthirakal

External links

http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=2004

Malayalam film directors
1936 births
2001 deaths
Indian male film actors
Male actors from Kochi
Malayalam screenwriters
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Film directors from Kochi
20th-century Indian film directors
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Screenwriters from Kochi
20th-century Indian male actors
20th-century Indian screenwriters
Bàng-uâ-cê

Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; ) or Fuzhou romanization (), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.

History 

After Fuzhou became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened by the Treaty of Nanjing at the end of First Opium War (from 1839 to 1842), many Western missionaries arrived in the city. Faced with widespread illiteracy, they developed Latin alphabets for the Fuzhou dialect.

The first attempt in romanizing the Fuzhou dialect was made by the American Methodist M. C. White, who borrowed a system of orthography known as the System of Sir William Jones. In this system, 14 initials were designed exactly according to their voicing and aspiration. , ,  and  stand for , ,  and ; while the Greek spiritus lenis  were affixed to the above initials to represent their aspirated counterparts. Besides the default five vowels of Latin alphabet, four diacritic-marked letters , ,  and  were also introduced, representing , , , and , respectively. This system is described at length in White's linguistic work The Chinese Language Spoken at Fuh Chau.

Subsequent missionaries, including Robert S. Maclay from American Methodist Episcopal Mission, R. W. Stewart from the Church of England and Charles Hartwell from the American Board Mission, further modified White's system in several ways. The most significant change was made for the plosive consonants, where the spiritus lenis  of the aspirated initials was removed and the letters ,  and  substituted for  and . In the aspect of vowels, , ,  and  were replaced by ,  ,   and .  Since the diacritical marks were all shifted to underneath the vowels, this left room above the vowels which was occupied by the newly introduced tonal marks. Thus Bàng-uâ-cê avoids the potentially awkward diacritic stacking seen for instance in the Vietnamese script, where tone and vowel quality marks both sit above the vowel.

Alphabet 
The sample characters are taken from the Qi Lin Bayin, a renowned phonology book about the Fuzhou dialect written in the Qing Dynasty. The pronunciations are recorded in standard IPA symbols.

Initials

Finals

Finals without codas

Finals with coda

Finals with codas [-ŋ] and [-k]

Tones 

Note that Bàng-uâ-cê uses the breve, not the caron (ˇ), to indicate Yīnpíng and Yángrù tones of Fuzhou dialect.

Sample text

IPA

References

External links 

 Everything You Want To Know About Bàng-uâ-cê (in Foochowese)
 Gô Iók Cŭ: The Old Testament, in Bàng-uâ-cê. 
 Sĭng Iók Cŭ: The New Testament, in Bàng-uâ-cê. 
 An English-Chinese Dictionary of the Foochow Dialect, by T. B. Adam, 1905
 

Latin-script orthographies
Romanization of Chinese
Culture in Fujian
William McGregor (politician)

William McGregor (June 24, 1836 – May 14, 1903) was a Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented Essex in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1874 to 1878 and from 1891 to 1900.

He was born in Sarnia, Upper Canada, in 1836 and educated in Amherstburg. He supplied horses to the Union Army during the American Civil War. McGregor was president of the Walkerville Wagon Company Limited. He also owned the street railway in Windsor, a bank, a mill and a fence company. In 1866, he married Jessie L. Peden. McGregor served as reeve of Windsor for six years and as warden for Essex County from 1869 to 1870 and from 1872 to 1873. He also served as customs collector at Windsor. He died in Windsor at the age of 66.

His son Gordon took over his father's wagon factory and later became the first president of the Ford Motor Company of Canada. The town of McGregor, now part of Essex, Ontario, was named after William McGregor.

Electoral record

References

External links 
 

1836 births
1903 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Batina

Batina (, ) is a port village on the right bank of the Danube river in Baranja, Croatia. It developed into the local center of the northeastern part of Baranja, in the part of Bansko brdo hill where the slopes reach the Danube river.

Geography
Batina is located on the D212 state road connecting the village to the city of Osijek. The most important connection between Baranja and Bačka leads through the village, where the bridge Most 51. divizije was built over the Danube river in 1974. Before the bridge was built, transport was done by ferry. The bridge is also a state border crossing.

Administratively, Batina is located in the Draž municipality within the Osijek-Baranja county.

Batina's elevation is 105 m.

History

In the book Hrvatski baranjski mjestopisi by Ante Sekulić, it is claimed that the settlement of Batina was known in Roman times, and was also recorded in 1316. It was originally recorded as Kurszug, then Hungarian Kőszeg (kő stone, szeg edge).

Batina was officially founded in 1720 by the settlement of Croats, Serbs, Hungarians and Germans, while according to the book Tri stoljeća Belja, it was mentioned as a wasteland in the tax books as early as 1591: "It is assumed that it was also desolate during the liberation wars." In 1696, Serbian settlers probably settled there. In 1718, it was settled again by very poor South Slavs and Hungarians. In 1780, German settlers joined them. The area of Karapandža and the settlement of Kenđija belong to it.

The village is known as the site of World War II Battle of Batina which took place from 11 to 29 November 1944. It was a battle between the units of the Red Army and the People's Liberation Army against the Wehrmacht and their allies. Today, a memorial site commemorates the battle which was one of the bloodiest World War II battles on Yugoslav soil.

See also
Osijek-Baranja county
Baranja

References

External links

Populated places in Osijek-Baranja County
Baranya (region)
Croatia–Serbia border
List of LucasArts games

This is a list of video games developed, published, or licensed by Lucasfilm Games.

C.  A compilation of previously released titles

LucasArts
LucasArts games
British industrial narrow-gauge railways

British industrial narrow-gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man that were primarily built to serve one or more industries. Some offered passenger services for employees or workmen, but they did not run public passenger trains. They are categorized by the primary industry they served.

Quarrying and mining

Heavy industry

Engineering works

Power generation 

Power stations were some of the last regular users of industrial steam locomotives in the United Kingdom, although most of these were standard gauge. However, several power generation facilities used narrow-gauge railways.

Refineries

Steel works

Zinc smelting

Construction industry

Contractor depots 

Many construction contractors maintained depots that included narrow-gauge equipment in store and under repair. While some of these were temporary locations and often unrecorded, others were long term yards with extensive stock and facilities.

Tunnelling 
Many narrow-gauge lines were employed for short-term tunnelling contracts. Most of these are unrecorded, so this list represents only a few of the many such lines.

City construction 

During the garden city construction boom, several new towns and cities were built using narrow-gauge railways

Land reclamation and river maintenance 

Temporary and semi-permanent narrow-gauge railways were often used during land reclamation schemes

Reservoir construction 

Many reservoirs constructed before the Second World War employed narrow-gauge railways to move equipment and materials.

Power station construction

Road construction

Other construction

General

Water treatment and sewage works

Gas works

General freight

Forestry

Railway works

Other industries

See also 

 British military narrow-gauge railways
 British narrow-gauge railways
 British quarrying and mining narrow-gauge railways
 British narrow-gauge slate railways
 Decauville
 Industrial railway
 Minimum gauge railway
 Tramway (industrial)

References

Bibliography 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Narrow Gauge News, the journal of the Narrow Gauge Railway Society

External links 
 Narrow Gauge Railway Society
 Industrial Railway Society

 
Industrial railways in the United Kingdom
Slaughter (Canadian band)

Slaughter was a Canadian death metal band.  They formed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1984 playing thrash metal and briefly featured Chuck Schuldiner on guitar in 1986. Originally, they released two demos and two full albums. Slaughter was disbanded from 1989 to 1995 but returned in 1996 to record a cover of Celtic Frost's "Dethroned Emperor" for a tribute album called In Memory of Celtic Frost. In 2001, they re-released "Strappado" under the Nuclear Blast label.

Slaughter also released a compilation of demos and live tracks under the Nuclear Blast label called Not Dead Yet/Paranormal. The band has been inactive again since 2001. Slaughter are currently working on a new release featuring rare, demo, live and rehearsal material.

On October 2, 2008, singer Dave Hewson announced that drummer Brian Lourie had died of a heart attack. He issued this statement – "[I] just wanted to let everyone know that longtime drummer for SLAUGHTER and STRAPPADO, Brian Lourie, has died of a heart attack at the young age of 39. Brian was one of the best people I have ever met and was a huge part of SLAUGHTER joining in 1987–88 'till we disbanded in 1992. His sense of humor and love for life made him such a wonderful person who will be greatly missed. I will try to [release] more info as it comes. Love you, bro."

Discography

Albums
Strappado (1987) - Diabolic Force/Fringe Records
Fuck of Death (2004) - Hells Headbangers Records

Compilation albums
Not Dead Yet/Paranormal (2001) - Nuclear Blast
Tortured Souls (2007) - Marquee Records
Nocturnal Hell, Surrender or Die (2016) - Vic Records

EPs
Nocturnal Hell (1986) - Diabolic Force/Fringe Records
Nocturnal Hell (2019) - Urbain Grandier Records

Split albums
Back to the Crypt/Sadist (2004) - Horror Records (split with Nunslaughter)

Demos
Meatcleaver (1984)
Bloody Karnage (1984)
Surrender or Die (1985) - Diabolic Force/Fringe Records
Paranormal (1988)
The Dark - Demo IV (1988)
Not Dead Yet (1990) - Headache Records

Live demos
Live Karnage (1985)

Former members
Dave Hewson - vocals, guitar (1984–1992)
Ron Sumners - drums (1984–1986)
Terry Sadler - vocals, bass (1984–1989)
Chuck Schuldiner - guitars (1986)
Brian Lourie - drums (1986–1992)
Bobby Sadzak - guitars (1988)

References

External links
Official Slaughter website
[ Allmusic review]

Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from Toronto
Canadian death metal musical groups
Nuclear Blast artists
Canadian thrash metal musical groups
1984 establishments in Ontario
Welden

Welden is a community in the Augsburg district of Bavaria, Germany, and is the seat of the commune of Welden. Since the local government reform in 1978 it comprises Welden, Reutern and Ehgatten.

Geography
Welden lies at the centre of the Holzwinkel landscape in Augsburg-West forestry natural park.

Welden and Ehgatten are situated on the Laugna which supplies the Zusam.  Reutern is on a hill between the Zusam and Laugna vallies.

History
Welden was first mentioned in 1156. It was seat of the Lords of Welden who took their fief from the marquesses of Burgau. In 1402 the village became a "market". In 1597 the Fugger family acquired the estate which remained in the hand of the Fugger-Wellenburg branch until it extinguished in 1764, followed by the counts and princes of Fugger-Babenhausen. In 1806 Welden became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. The monastery is still owned by the Fugger family foundation. 

During the local government reform of 1978, the commune of Reutern was added to Welden as was Ehgatten, which belonged to the commune of Streitheim (now belonging to Zusmarshausen community). Before 1978, Ehgatten's parish and school was governed by Welden.

Politics

Mayor
Mayors since the local government reform of 1978:

Since 2002, Gerhard Groß (FWV) has been the deputy mayor.

Local Council
Local council elections since the 1978 reform:

Culture and Places of Interest

 St. Thekla church
 Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary contains early frescoes by 18th century painter Matthäus Günther

Notable citizens
The author Ludwig Ganghofer spent a significant part of his childhood (1859–1865) in Welden.

References

External links
 

Augsburg (district)
Bilje, Croatia

Bilje () is a municipality in the Baranja region of Osijek-Baranja County, in north-eastern Croatia. It is 5 km northeast of Osijek, on the edge of the Kopački Rit nature park.

Name

Its name derived from the Slavic word "bilje" ("herb" in English). In German the village is known as Belje, in Hungarian as Bellye, and in Serbian Cyrillic as Биље. The area occupied by the municipality of Bilje is 260.15 km².

Geography

The municipality of Bilje include following settlements and population (2011 census):
Bilje - 3,613
 Kopačevo - 559
 Kozjak - 69
 Lug - 764
 Podunavlje - 1
 Tikveš - 10
 Vardarac - 630
 Zlatna Greda - 5

Demographics

There are 5,642 inhabitants in the municipality (2011 census), including:
62.87% Croats
29.62% Hungarians
3.83% Serbs
1.05% Germans
0.71% Romani

Politics

Minority councils
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Hungarians and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members municipal minority councils of the Bilje Municipality.

History
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Bilje was part of the Baranya County of the Kingdom of Hungary.

References

Populated places in Osijek-Baranja County
Municipalities of Croatia
Baranya (region)
Populated places in Croatia where Hungarian is an official language
Music World Corporation

Music World Corporation is an American music production and music publishing company, representing hundreds of song and music cue titles for a small clientele of composers and lyricists including the company founder. The company was founded in 1958 by Academy Award-winning songwriter Robert B. Sherman.

Music World is based in Los Angeles, California and is affiliated with the performance rights organization BMI.

Company history
Music World was incorporated on January 8, 1958 in the state of California.  Within its first year, the company became the first music publisher to cobrand with Wonderland Music Company, Walt Disney Company's then fledgling BMI music publishing subsidiary.  Some of Music World's hit song titles include:  "Tall Paul", "Bright and Shiny" the Billboard #1 song, "You're Sixteen".  "Tall Paul" reached #6 on the Billboard charts in 1959 making it the first top ten single for a solo female rock and roll singer.

In 2000 the company branched into corporate "jingle" publishing, writing and production.  Clientele includes Time Warner, Disney, Aero California and others.

Upon the death of founder, Robert B. Sherman on March 6, 2012, his son, Robert J. Sherman succeeded him as CEO and President of the company.

MusicWorld (UK) and Music World, LLC
In 2013 MusicWorld (UK) and Music World, LLC were established as affiliates of MWC.  2013 saw the publishing of its founder, Robert B. Sherman's acclaimed autobiography, Moose: Chapters From My Life by AuthorHouse publishers (an affiliate of Penguin Random House Publications).  MusicWorld (UK) produced the successful UK revue presentation A Spoonful of Sherman (2014 - 2017 and the 2018 UK/Ireland tour) and was a producer on Love Birds (2015) and producer of Bumblescratch at the Adelphi starring Darren Day.  MWUK has also produced original cast recordings of A Spoonful of Sherman, Love Birds and Bumblescratch which were released on SimG Records.

Current corporate officers
 Robert J. Sherman (CEO and President)
 Robert B. Sherman (Founder)

References

Further reading
 Sherman, Robert B. Walt's Time: from before to beyond. Santa Clarita: Camphor Tree Publishers, 1998.
 Sherman, Robert B. Moose: Chapters From My Life. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse Publishers, 2013.

External links
 Music World

1958 establishments in California
American companies established in 1958
Companies based in Los Angeles
Entertainment companies based in California
Entertainment companies established in 1958
Music publishing companies
Music publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1958
Sherman Brothers
VIBGYOR

VIBGYOR (Violet–Indigo–Blue–Green–Yellow–Orange–Red) is a popular mnemonic device used for memorizing the traditional optical spectrum.

VIBGYOR may refer to:

 ROYGBIV, the exact reverse of VIBGYOR; the sequence of hues commonly ascribed to rainbows
 ViBGYOR Film Festival
 VIBGYOR Group of Schools
Shannon Fill

Shannon Fill (born June 13, 1971, Texas, USA) is a former TV actress. Active from 1992 to 1995, she portrayed Sito Jaxa in Star Trek: The Next Generation episodes "The First Duty" (1992) and "Lower Decks" (1994).

Filmography
Deceived by Trust: A Moment of Truth Movie (1995) (TV) .... Cindy
Walker, Texas Ranger
"Collision Course" (1995) TV episode .... Dory
Silk Stalkings
"Reluctant Witness" (1994) TV episode .... Jennifer Lewis
Moment of Truth: Cradle of Conspiracy (1994) (TV) .... Pami
Star Trek: The Next Generation
"Lower Decks" (1994) TV episode .... Ensign Sito Jaxa
"The First Duty" (1992) TV episode .... Cadet Second Class Sito Jaxa
The Source of Suction (1994)
Freshman Dorm
"The Scarlett Letter" (1992) TV episode .... Christina
Murder, She Wrote
"Murder on Madison Avenue" (1992) TV episode .... Reporter

Stage
In 1992, she played Ariel in the California Shakespeare Company's production of the Tempest.

In 1997, she played Natalie in the Pacific Resident Theatre of Venice California's production of the Jean Anouilh play Ardele.

Figure skating
Ladies Singles Free Skating in Los Angeles (Burbank), CA (1986)
1st Place: Southwest Pacific Regional Dance Championships, Pre-Intermediate Dance with partner Dana Goulston in Los Angeles (Burbank), CA (1987)

References

External links

1971 births
Actresses from Texas
American film actresses
American television actresses
California State University, Northridge alumni
Living people
21st-century American women
Miss Illinois Teen USA

The  Miss Illinois Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Illinois in the Miss Teen USA pageant. It is directed by Vanbros and Associates and is previously directed by D&D Productions from 2001 to 2014 before becoming part of Vanbros organization in 2014, headquartered in Lenexa, Kansas.

Illinois is in the top fifteen states in terms of number and value of placements over the twenty-three years of the Miss Teen USA competition. Illinois ties with Florida and North Carolina for the most Miss Photogenic awards won at Miss Teen USA (3) and has won more awards than any other state. Like the Miss USA Pageant, Illinois went on to win the Miss Teen USA title in the second edition of the pageant.

Three Illinois teens have competed at Miss USA, although none won the Miss Illinois USA title. The first was Cherise Haugen, Illinois' only Miss Teen USA, who competed as Miss Teen USA at the 1985 pageant (the first few Miss Teen USAs were given this opportunity). Later two more would compete at the Miss USA pageant, representing Vanbros states: Terri Bollinger represented Missouri in 1999 and Anne-Marie Dixon Oklahoma in 1998. Vanbros is a pageant production company that owns the Miss Teen USA franchises for, and produces and directs, several state pageants in the Midwest. The Miss Illinois Teen USA Pageant has been the single largest official state preliminary competition with over 150 contestants every year since at least 2002 and has always ranked among the top ten largest state preliminary pageants. 

Dawn Parks of Chicago was crowned Miss Illinois Teen USA 2022 on May 30, 2022, at Braden Auditorium in Normal. She will represent Illinois for the title of Miss Teen USA 2022.

Results summary

Placements
Miss Teen USA: Cherise Haugen (1984)
First runners-up:  Autumn Waterbury (1997), Lexi Atkins (2010)
Third runners-up: Kathleen McClelland (1988), Kelly Cruse (2005), Sydni Dion Bennett (2018)
Top 6: Anne-Marie Dixon (1995)
Top 10: Lisa Jessen (1985), Nicole Manske (1998)
Top 12: Julee Kleffman (1992)
Top 15: Victoria Davis (2007), Olivia Pura (2016), A’Maiya Allen (2019)
Top 16: Alexandra Plotz (2012)
Top 20: Vivica Lewandowski (2023)
Illinois holds a record of 15 placements at Miss Teen USA.

Awards
Miss Photogenic: Linda Burkholder (1983), Lisa Jessen (1985), Kathleen McClelland (1988)

Winners 

1 Age at the time of the Miss Teen USA pageant

References

External links
Official website

Illinois
Women in Illinois
Little Bear (book)

Little Bear is a series of children's books written by Else Holmelund Minarik and primarily involving the interaction of Little Bear, an anthropomorphic cub, and Mother Bear, his mother.

This series of books went on to spawn a TV series, Little Bear, which culminated with a direct-to-video film entitled The Little Bear Movie. The series was animated by Canadian studio Nelvana and starred Kristin Fairlie as the voice of Little Bear.

The five original Little Bear books were illustrated by Maurice Sendak. In 2010, two years before her death, Minarik published a sixth book, Little Bear and the Marco Polo, which was illustrated by Dorothy Doubleday.

Little Bear books

Little Bear (1957)
Father Bear Comes Home (1959)
Little Bear's Friend (1960)
Little Bear's Visit (1961)
A Kiss for Little Bear (1968)
Little Bear and the Marco Polo (2010)

References

Book series introduced in 1957
Picture books by Maurice Sendak
Children's books about bears
American children's book series
American picture books
Harper & Brothers books
Harper & Row books
HarperCollins books
Stir It Up

"Stir It Up" is a song composed by Bob Marley in 1967 and first recorded by the group Bob Marley and the Wailers that year and issued as a single. It was later covered by American singer Johnny Nash on his 1972 album I Can See Clearly Now. The following year, Marley and the Wailers re-recorded the song for their album Catch a Fire.

The band performed "Stir It Up" on The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1973 during their first trip to the UK, singing live over a Chris Blackwell overdubbed backing track.

"Stir It Up" was the first Marley-written song to be successful outside Jamaica. Another tune written by Bob Marley, "I Shot The Sheriff", was covered by Eric Clapton on the album 461 Ocean Boulevard, July 1974. Marley's first international hit recorded by him, "No Woman No Cry", was released on the Bob Marley and the Wailers album Live!, December 1975.

Certifications (Bob Marley & The Wailers version)

Chart history (Johnny Nash cover)

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

The Black Sorrows' version

In September 1993, Australian band The Black Sorrows released a version of the song. It became a hit, peaking at number 58 in Australia, number 20 in New Zealand (where it is the band's highest charting single), and number nine in Iceland. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1994, Joe Camilleri was nominated for Producer of the Year for his work on this song, losing out to Tony Cohen.

Track listing
CD single (Columbia 660 105-2)
 "Stir It Up" – 3:34	
 "Ain't Love the Strangest Thing" (acoustic) – 4:10	
 "Come On, Come On" (acoustic) – 2:50

Charts

Haddaway version

In 1994, Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway released his version of "Stir It Up" as the second single from his debut album, The Album (1993). It was only released in the US.

Critical reception
Troy J. Augusto from Cash Box wrote, "Hot new Arista singer (where have we heard that one before?) Haddaway looks to recover from the disappointment of last single, “Life”, with this solid cover of one of Bob Marley’s most beloved songs. The cut’s producers add a contemporary, almost techno-pop feel to the song (Marley’s surely bumpin’ in his grave!), but the tune’s solid arrangement and Haddaway’s likable voice translate to a crossover hit waiting to happen. Hit radio will stir it up soon."

Track listing
 12", US (1994)
"Stir It Up" (Long Version) — 6:20
"Rock My Heart" (Extended Mix) — 5:58
"Rock My Heart" (Celebration Mix) — 5:48

 CD single, US (1994)
"Stir It Up" (Single Version) — 4:16
"Rock My Heart" (Extended Mix) — 5:58
"When The Feeling's Gone" — 4:15

 Cassette single, US (1994)
"Stir It Up" (Long Version)
"Stir It Up" (Single Version)
"Rock My Heart" (Extended Mix)

References

1967 songs
Bob Marley songs
Haddaway songs
Johnny Nash songs
Songs written by Bob Marley
The Black Sorrows songs
Epic Records singles
1972 singles
1973 singles
1993 singles
1994 singles
Trava: Fist Planet

TRAVA FIST PLANET episode 1 is an anime OVA released in four parts by Grasshoppa! between 2001 and 2002, directed by Katsuhito Ishii and Takeshi Koike. In March 2003, the four parts were re-edited into a single feature and released on a standalone DVD, which included English subtitles, a making-of, 5.1 audio remix, figures of Trava and Shinkai, and a 3-minute pilot for the potential sequel titled "episode 2."

Plot
TRAVA FIST PLANET episode 1 tells the story of Trava (voiced by Kanji Tsuda) and Shinkai (voiced by Yoshiyuki Morishita) as they travel to finish surveying an unknown and possibly dangerous planet. Trava is an ex-military Power user, which is a form of mech-ship that enhances the pilot's abilities. Shinkai, the engineer, maintains the survey ship and Trava's Power. They hope to earn enough cash to enter Fist Planet, a Power fighting tournament with a grand prize of credits measured in billions. Before they can get to that, they must first deal with an amnesiac girl named Mikuru (voiced by Shie Kohinata), a giant named Reiter (voiced by Yūji Shimoda), and a horde of insectoid killer-robots. 

Trava and Shinkai also appear as racers in Madhouse's 2009 film Redline.

Sequel Preview
A 3-minute pilot for the sequel titled 'Episode 2' was released on a standalone Trava Fist Planet DVD as a special feature in 2003 and later surfaced online. It depicts an older Trava and Shinkai finally entering the Power Tournament in Fist Planet, only to be intercepted by the duo of Mikuru, the amnesiac princess and her guardian, the giant warrior Reiter now modified with cybernetics. The animosity between the two groups escalates and ends with Trava and Reiter in a showdown at the arena of Fist Planet, with Mikuru and Shinkai battling for who will be the best mechanic in the arena. The pilot was written by Sayo Yamamoto and storyboarded by Takeshi Koike, who also did all of the key animation. Despite the pilot's existence, no full direct sequel has been produced.

Reception
Daryl Surat praised Trava's "snappy dialogue" and "wild and crazy camera angles". Mike Toole considered it "colorful and weird - Koike is at his kaleidoscopic, kinetic best".

References

External links
TRAVA FIST PLANET episode 1 | Grasshoppa! (Japanese)
TRAVA FIST PLANET episode 1 DVD | Tower Records Online (Japanese)

2003 anime OVAs
Madhouse (company)
Mecha anime and manga