alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Yaguajay

The Battle of Yaguajay (19 – 30 December 1958) was a decisive victory for the Cuban Revolutionaries over the soldiers of the Batista government near the city of Santa Clara in Cuba during the Cuban Revolution.

Background
In 1958, Fidel Castro ordered his revolutionary army to go on the offensive against the army of Fulgencio Batista. While Castro led one force against Guisa, Masó and other towns, another major offensive was directed at the capture of the city of Santa Clara, the capital of what was then Las Villas Province.

Three columns were sent against Santa Clara under the command of Che Guevara, Jaime Vega, and Camilo Cienfuegos. Vega's column was caught in an ambush and completely destroyed. Guevara's column took up positions around Santa Clara (near Fomento). Cienfuegos's column directly attacked a local army garrison at Yaguajay. Initially numbering just 60 men out of Castro's hardened core of 230, Cienfuegos's group had gained many recruits as it crossed the countryside towards Santa Clara, eventually reaching an estimated strength of 450 to 500 fighters.

The battle
The garrison consisted of some 250 men under the command of a Cuban captain of Chinese ancestry, Alfredo Abon Lee. The attack seems to have started around December 19th. 

Convinced that reinforcements would be sent from Santa Clara, Lee put up a determined defense of his post. The guerrillas repeatedly attempted to overpower Lee and his men, but failed each time. By the 26th of December Camilo Cienfuegos had become quite frustrated; it seemed that Lee could not be overpowered, nor could he be convinced to surrender. In desperation, Cienfuegos tried using a homemade tank against Lee's position. 

The "tank" was actually a large tractor encased in iron plates with attached makeshift flamethrowers on top. It, too, proved unsuccessful. Finally, on December 30, Lee ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender his force to the guerrillas.

Aftermath

The surrender of the garrison was a major blow to the defenders of the provincial capital of Santa Clara. The next day, the combined forces of Cienfuegos, Guevara, and local revolutionaries under William Alexander Morgan captured the city in a fight of vast confusion. Panicked by news of the defeat at Santa Clara and other losses, Batista fled Cuba the next day.

See also
Battle of La Plata
Battle of Las Mercedes

References

Cuban Revolution
Che Guevara
1958 in Cuba
Conflicts in 1958
Sancti Spíritus Province
Edward Alacampe

Edward Alacampe (1581 – 6 February 1646), an English Jesuit, became a member of the English College, Rome in 1605. Three years later he entered the Society of Jesus; in 1614, he was at the new college in Liège. Afterwards, he held the office of procurator at Rome, and died in the house of probation at Ghent.

See also

References

1581 births
1646 deaths
17th-century English Jesuits
English College, Rome alumni
Procession (album)

Procession is the eleventh studio album by the jazz fusion band Weather Report. It was released in 1983 through Columbia Records. Although several previous Weather Report tracks included wordless singing, and "And Then" from Mr. Gone included brief lyrics, "Where the Moon Goes" was the band's first track including lyrics throughout, sung by members of The Manhattan Transfer. The band would continue to feature vocals on the next three studio albums.

Critical reception

Reviewing the album in Record, Steve Futterman dismissed Procession as being competently crafted but too similar to Weather Report's previous albums to be of any interest. Noting the band's change in lineup, he stated, "Integrating new members, finding what they can offer and letting them stir things up can give an established band a welcome jolt of creativity, of fresh ideas. But in Weather Report's case, the overwhelming control of co-leaders Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter has reined in the skills of bassist Victor Bailey, drummer Omar Hakim and percussionist José Rossy in service of highly crafted but essentially petrified music."

Track listing 
"Procession" (Josef Zawinul) – 8:42
"Plaza Real" (Wayne Shorter) – 5:30
"Two Lines" (Zawinul) – 7:43
"Where the Moon Goes" (Zawinul, lyrics by Nan O'Byrne and Zawinul) – 7:50
"The Well" (Shorter, Zawinul) – 4:00
"Molasses Run" (Omar Hakim) – 5:49

Personnel 
Weather Report
Josef Zawinul - keyboards
Wayne Shorter - tenor and soprano saxophones
Omar Hakim - drums, guitar, vocals
Victor Bailey - bass
José Rossy - percussion, concertina
with:
The Manhattan Transfer - vocals on "Where the Moon Goes"

Production
 Neil Dorfsman – engineer
 Tom Fouce – engineer
 Mitch Gibson – engineer
 Tom Miller – engineer
 John Lykes – cover artwork
 Bruce Talamon – photography

References

External links 

 Weather Report Annotated Discography: Procession

1983 albums
Columbia Records albums
Weather Report albums
Banjos banjos

Banjos banjos, the banjofish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Banjosidae. This was formerly considered to be a monotypic family of which the banjofish was the only species. However, in 2017, two new species of banjofish were described, the East Australian banjofish (B. aculeatus) and the Timor Sea banjofish (B. peregrinus). It has an Indo-Pacific distribution.

Description
Banjos banjos has a deep and strongly compressed body with a steep head and an almost straight dorsal profile. The dorsal fin has 10 flattened spines and 12 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines with the second being far longer the others, the anal fin also contains 7 soft rays. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate, It has a compete and continuous lateral line. In colour it is silvery white to greyish-brown, fading towards the belly, the anterior part of the head is blackish with whitish lips. The second dorsal fin has a white margin and a sizeable, circular black blotch to the front. The caudal fin has a wide brown submarginal band. Smaller fishes show a number of ill-defined dark stripes on their flanks and a large black spot on the base of the tail. The maximum recorded standard length is >

Distribution
Banjos banjos is found in the Indo-West Pacific region from the south eastern Indian Ocean off Western Australia through Indonesia and the South China Sea to Japan.

Habitat and biology
Banjos banjos is an inshore species which can be found at depths between .

Taxonomy
Banjos banjos was first formally described as Anoplus banjos in 1846 by Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer Sir John Richardson (1797–1865) with the type locality given as  the Sea of Japan. B. banjos was previously considered to be the only species in the family Banjosidae but in 2017 Matsunuma & Motomura described two new species, the East Australian banjofish (Banjos acuteatus) and the Timor Sea banjofish (Banjos peregrinus) and a new subspecies of B. banjos (see below).

There are two recognised subspecies of Banjos banjos:

 Banjos banjos banjos (Richardson, 1846) - the nominate subspecies from the western Pacific
 Banjos banjos brevispinis Matsunuma & Motomura, 2017 - from the Indian Ocean, called the Western Australian banjofish.

References

Banjosidae
Marine fish of Northern Australia
Marine fish of Western Australia
Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
Fish described in 1846
Tetraphenylmethane

Tetraphenylmethane is an organic compound consisting of a methane core with four phenyl substituents. It was first synthesized by Moses Gomberg in 1898.

Synthesis 
Gomberg's classical organic synthesis shown below starts by reacting triphenylmethyl bromide 1 with phenylhydrazine 2 to the hydrazine 3. Oxidation with nitrous acid then produces the azo compound 4 from which on heating above the melting point, nitrogen gas evolves with formation of tetraphenylmethane 5.

Gomberg was able to distinguish this compound from triphenylmethane (elemental analysis was not an option given the small differences in the hydrogen fractions of 6.29% and 6.60%) by nitration of 5 with nitric acid to 6. A strong base would be able to abstract the methine proton of the nitrated triphenylmethyl compound if present, forming a strongly colored compound.

He obtained further evidence for the formation of tetraphenylmethane by reducing the nitro groups to amino groups with zinc dust in acetic acid to the leuco dye 7, which on exposure to hydrochloric acid eliminates aniline to the known compound pararosaniline 8.

Gomberg's success in synthesizing tetraphenylmethane set him on the attempt to prepare the next homologue hexaphenylethane, which led him to the discovery of the triphenylmethyl radical.

See also
 Triphenylmethane
 Toluene

References 

Aromatic hydrocarbons
Phenyl compounds
The Mindscape of Alan Moore

The Mindscape of Alan Moore is a 2003 documentary film that chronicles the life and work of Alan Moore, author of several acclaimed graphic novels, including From Hell, Watchmen, and V for Vendetta.

The Mindscape of Alan Moore is Shadowsnake's first completed feature project, part One of the Shamanautical / 5 Elements series. It is the directorial debut of Dez Vylenz. It is the only feature film production on which Alan Moore has collaborated, with permission to use his work.

This feature was shot on film, in colour, and is 78 minutes in length.

Synopsis
Alan Moore presents the story of his development as an artist, starting with his childhood and working through to his comics career and impact on that medium, and his emerging interest in magic.

The film features the first film adaptations of scenes from Moore's acclaimed series V for Vendetta and Watchmen, shot in early 2002.  Another key scene features a direct reference to the character of John Constantine from the comic book Hellblazer. The film also contains a brief look into Lost Girls, which would not be officially released until years later.

Release
The film was showcased at the San Francisco World Film Festival and Marketplace 2003 (23–25 October 2003), where it received a Special Recognition Award for creative achievement in documentary filmmaking.

DVD
The DVD was released by Shadowsnake Films in April 2008 and in September of the same year Disinfo released it in the United States. It is made up of two discs, the first containing the main 80-minute interview and the second includes interviews with some of his major collaborators like Dave Gibbons, David Lloyd, Melinda Gebbie, as well as Paul Gravett.

Music
The Original music score was composed by Drew Richards, with additional original work from RZA. The soundtrack also features music by Bill Laswell & Alan Douglas, Lustmord and Spectre.

References

External links
Official site

 Film review: "Cast Iron Chaos: The Mindscape of Alan Moore"

2005 films
Documentary films about comics
Alan Moore
Documentary films about visual artists
2005 directorial debut films
2000s English-language films
Clay High School (Indiana)

Clay High School is a public high school located in Clay Township, St. Joseph County, Indiana. It is the Fine Arts school in the South Bend Community School Corporation magnet program. It is scheduled to close following the 2023–2024 school year.

Notable alumni 
 Jaraan Cornell – basketball player
 Jon Gruden – NFL head coach and professional football broadcaster
 Lee Nailon – professional basketball player, NBA player and 2007 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
 John Newcomer – game designer
 Dean Norris – actor
 Don Schlundt – basketball player
 David Simkins – screenwriter and television producer

See also
 List of high schools in Indiana

References

External links
 

Educational institutions established in 1939
Schools in St. Joseph County, Indiana
Magnet schools in Indiana
Public high schools in Indiana
1939 establishments in Indiana
Altynay Sapargalieva

Altynay Sapargaliyeva (, , , pronounced [ɑltəˈnɑj sɑpɑrʁɑləjevˈnɑ]; born 30 November 1989) is a Kazakh singer who placed third in SuperStar KZ 3.

As a child, she sang a member of the girl's group Chinatown. She has performed in the Kazakh teen competition "Anshi Balapan", the "Jakhan Dala" competition in Aqtau, and the New Wave competition in Jurmala, Latvia.

Sapargaliyeva moved to New York City in 2010.

References

1989 births
Living people
People from Zhanaozen
Idols (franchise) participants
21st-century Kazakhstani women singers
SuperStar KZ
Abbey of Fruttuaria

Fruttuaria is an abbey in the territory of San Benigno Canavese, about twenty kilometers north of Turin, northern Italy.

History
The abbey was founded by Guglielmo da Volpiano.  The first stone was laid 23 February 1003, consecrated by Ottobiano, bishop of Ivrea, in the presence of Arduin, marchese d'Ivrea and King of Italy, and his consort Berta. The monastery was completed in 1006-1007 and followed the Benedictine rule as reformed at Cluny. There Arduin retired to die (December 1015). In 1027 a bull of Pope John XIX placed the abbey and all its lands under direct papal supervision. The Empress Agnes was a patron of Fruttuaria, and retired there in 1065 before moving to Rome. The Empress was instrumental in introducing Fruttuaria's Benedictine customs, as practiced at Cluny, to Saint Blaise Abbey in Baden-Württemberg.

The greatest splendor of the abbey of Fruttuaria was in the 12th and 13th centuries when it minted its own coin. In 1265 the abbey possessed eighty-five churches in Italy alone, as well as four comunes, the quattro terre abbaziali of San Benigno Canavese, Montanaro, Lombardore and Foglizzo. Other possessions lay in France and Austria. Some 1,200 monks inhabited the monastery.

In the 14th century, decline set in, culminating in 1477 when the monks lost their privilege of naming the abbot. Nominating an absentee abbot in commendam and a vicar to represent him at the site was thenceforth a papal perquisite. In 1585 Pope Sixtus V suppressed the monastery, substituting in its buildings a college of secular priests. The last monk died in 1634.

In 1710 troops of Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, occupied the terre abbaziali, an occupation that lasted until 1741 and only ended  with papal renunciation of all territorial control.

In 1749, a new abbot held Fruttuaria in commendam, Carlo Vittorio Amedeo delle Lanze, who in 1770 razed the remains of the Romanesque church and monastery, save the campanile, and erected a new church in their stead, to Late Baroque classicizing designs by Bernardo Antonio Vittone and Mario Quarini.

In 1979, work involved in installing heating brought to light an 11th-century mosaic representing two griffons. Excavations have revealed the foundations of the Romanesque church. Restorations were concluded in May 2004.

References

Sources
Fred Bruney

Frederick Karl Bruney (December 30, 1931 – January 22, 2016) was an American college and professional American football defensive back.

College career
Bruney played halfback on both the offensive and defensive sides of the ball for the Ohio State University Buckeyes from 1950 to 1952.  He scored six touchdowns for the Buckeyes in the 1952 season, but he was known primarily for his defensive play.  He had 17 career interceptions, which remains second in the Ohio State record book.  Bruney was selected first-team All-Big Ten in 1952.

Professional career
Bruney was drafted in the third round of the 1953 NFL Draft by the Cleveland Browns. On September 22, 1953 he is traded  to the San Francisco 49ers to get to get to the regular season roster size limit. He ultimately played in the National Football League for the San Francisco 49ers, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Los Angeles Rams.  In 1960 he joined the Boston Patriots of the upstart American Football League.  He played there for three seasons and was a two-time AFL All-Star selection.

Coaching career
Bruney was appointed the interim head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles for the last game of the 1985 NFL season after former coach Marion Campbell was let go with one game remaining in the season. That game was a 37-35 win over the Minnesota Vikings.  The Eagles' 37 points in Week 16 was the most they had scored in a game in over 4 years. Bruney was replaced by Buddy Ryan for the 1986 season.  Bruney served as an assistant coach throughout his long NFL career with the Eagles, Falcons, Buccaneers, Giants and Colts.  He retired from the NFL after the 1997 season, at the time he held the longest tenure as a player and coach in Pro Football. Bruney died in Sandy Springs, Georgia on January 22, 2016.

Head coaching record

See also
 List of American Football League players

References

1931 births
2016 deaths
American football halfbacks
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Boston Patriots (AFL) coaches
Boston Patriots players
Los Angeles Rams players
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Philadelphia Eagles coaches
Pittsburgh Steelers players
San Francisco 49ers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
American Football League All-Star players
People from Martins Ferry, Ohio
National Football League defensive coordinators
Philadelphia Eagles head coaches
Hexaphenylethane

Hexaphenylethane is a hypothetical organic compound consisting of an ethane core with six phenyl substituents.  All attempts at its synthesis have been unsuccessful.  The trityl free radical, Ph3C, was originally thought to dimerize to form hexaphenylethane.  However, an inspection of the NMR spectrum of this dimer reveals that it is in fact a non-symmetrical species, Gomberg's dimer instead.

A substituted derivative of hexaphenylethane, hexakis(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)ethane, has however been prepared. It features a very long central C–C bond at 167 pm (compared to the typical bond length of 154 pm).  Attractive London dispersion forces between the t-butyl substituents are believed to be responsible for the stability of this very hindered molecule.

See also 
 Tetraphenylmethane

References

Literature 
 

Hypothetical chemical compounds
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Andalusia City Schools

The Andalusia City School District or Andalusia City Schools is the school district of Andalusia, Alabama. Andalusia City School District serves 1,785 students and employs 101 teachers and 66 staff as of the 2020-2021 school year. The district includes one elementary school, one middle school, and one high school.

Schools 
The Andalusia City School District consists of three schools:

 Andalusia Elementary School (PK-6)
 Andalusia Junior High School (7-8)
 Andalusia High School (9-12)

School Board

References

External links 
 Andalusia City Schools website

School districts in Alabama
Education in Covington County, Alabama
Bathyclupea

Bathyclupea is a genus of perciform fishes belonging to a small family Bathyclupeidae.

Species
There are currently 3 recognized species in this genus:
 Bathyclupea hoskynii Alcock, 1891 (Indian deepsea herring)
 Bathyclupea nikparini Prokofiev, 2014 (Parin's deepsea herring) 
 Bathyclupea schroederi Dick, 1962 (Schroeder's deepsea herring)

References

 
Extant Eocene first appearances
Milos Konopasek

Milos Konopasek (died in Boston, Massachusetts, 9 January 2002) was a Czechoslovakia-born mechanical engineer best known as the creator of TK!Solver, an iterative, constraint-based declarative environment for the numerical solution of systems of equations.

Biography

Konopasek was born in Czechoslovakia and graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute, Leningrad, USSR, and received the Ph.D. and D.Sc degrees from the University of Manchester, England. His career included management, research, and teaching positions in Czechoslovakia, United Kingdom, and the United States, including at the Georgia Institute of Technology and North Carolina State University.

At Manchester in the late 1960s and early 1970s, he developed a system called "Question Answering System on mathematical models" (QAS). He expected his system to be used by a broad range of non-computer professionals and non-mathematicians who apply math to their fields.

Konopasek recognized that the new personal computer was an ideal vehicle for bringing his concept to the masses and developed a version of his system for them in 1977. In 1982, Software Arts commercialized TK!Solver based on his work.

Konopasek was Senior Scientist at Software Arts while holding a visiting faculty position in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at M.I.T.; when TK!Solver was sold to Universal Technical Systems (Rockford, Illinois), he continued as Vice President of UTS.

Most of his research interests and contributions were in textile engineering, applied mechanics, operations research, and computer science, in areas as diverse as CAD/CAM, large deflection analysis of slender bodies, topology of line structures, 
and language design.  Konopasek was a member of the ACM and the IEEE Computer Society.

Notes

Scientific computing researchers
Czech computer scientists
American computer scientists
2002 deaths
Year of birth missing
Kay Lionikas

Irene Kay Lionikis (November 5, 1923 – August 7, 1978) was an American professional baseball player from 1948 through  in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She is sometimes credited as Kay Lionikas or Kay Lionikdas.

Career
A native of New Brunswick, New Jersey to Greek-American parents, Lionikis was one of three descendants of Greek immigrants to play in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, the others being Annastasia Batikis and Vickie Panos.

Lionikis joined the Kenosha Comets in 1948 as a pitcher. Lionikis went 0-for-4 at the plate in two games for the Grand Rapids Chicks and Peoria Redwings, playing at second base and pitching. She joined the Springfield Sallies in 1949, even though she did not appear in a game in that season. In 1950, she joined the Fort Wayne Daisies where she played second base.

After that, Lionikis played for a touring development team not involved in league play.

Life after baseball
Lionikis was employed by Rutgers University as equipment manager for the Women's Athletic Department. Previously, she was employed by Rutgers University Library's Special Collections Division as a secretary.

Lionikis was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Rutgers Community Health Plan and the founding president of Rutgers University C.O.L.T.—an employees’ organization.

She was also a former New Brunswick Little League coach and played on champion tri-state basketball teams.

Lionikis died at the age of 54.

See also
List of Greek Americans

References

Sources
 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Record Book – W. C. Madden. Publisher: McFarland & Company. Format: Paperback, 294pp. Language: English.  
"Irene Kay Lionikis". https://www.aagpbl.org/profiles/irene-kay-lionikis-the-greek/30. Retrieved 2021-11-30.

External links

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
Peoria Redwings players
Grand Rapids Chicks players
Springfield Sallies players
Baseball players from New Jersey
American people of Greek descent
Sportspeople from New Brunswick, New Jersey
1923 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American people
Bathyclupeidae

Bathyclupeidae is a family of Perciformes, called deep sea herrings. They are marine fishes found in tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. They grow up to about 20 cm long.

Timeline

Genera
The following two genera, containing 10 species, are classified within the family Bathyclupeidae, although Fishbase only recognises Bathyclupeus:

 Bathyclupea Alcock, 1891
 Bathyclupea hoskynii Alcock 1891
 Bathyclupea nikparini Prokofiev2014
 Bathyclupea schroederi Dick, 1962
 Neobathyclupea Prokofiev, 2014 
 Neobathyclupea argentea (Goode & Bean, 1896)
 Neobathyclupea elongate (Trunov, 1975)
 Neobathyclupea gracilis (Fowler, 1938)
 Neobathyclupea japanotaiwana (Prokofiev, 2014)
 Neobathyclupea malayana (Weber, 1913)
 Neobathyclupea megaceps (Fowler 1938)
 Neobathyclupea melanoptera Prokofiev, Gon & Psomadakis, 2016

References

 
Perciformes families
Extant Eocene first appearances
Revenue Act of 1935

The Revenue Act of 1935,  (Aug. 30, 1935), raised federal income tax on higher income levels, by introducing the "Wealth Tax". It was a progressive tax that took up to 75 percent of the highest incomes (over $1 million per year). The Congress separately also passed new taxes that were regressive, especially the Social Security tax.

It was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt over strong opposition from business, the rich, and conservatives from both parties.
The 1935 Act also was popularly known at the time as the "Soak the Rich" tax. To solve the problem of tax evasion through loopholes, the Revenue Act of 1937 revised tax laws and regulations to increase the efficacy of the tax.

Predicted revenue increase
Congress estimated that annual revenue would be increased by approximately $250 million when the new law took effect.

Predicted annual revenue increase (in millions)
 $45 Surtax on Rich
 $80 Estate tax on rich
 $21 Gift tax on rich
 $37 Corporation taxes
 $44 capital stock tax
 $10 excess profits tax
 $20 intercompany dividends
 –$15 Corporation charitable deductions
 $250 total tax increase

Evaluations
Liberal historian Paul Conkin concluded that the 1935 tax law in which the graduated rates were first imposed on corporations, “neither soaked the rich, penalized bigness, nor significantly helped balance the budget.” Nevertheless, angry critics complained that it was like the camel's nose under the tent, creating a precedent that would soon grow rapidly in magnitude.

See also
 Revenue Act of 1936, which included a highly controversial corporate tax on undistributed profits

References

Further reading
 Bank, Steven A. "Taxing Bigness." Tax Law Review 66 (2012): 379+. Focused largely on 1935 law; online
 Blakey, Roy G., and Gladys C. Blakey. "The Revenue Act of 1935." American Economic Review (1935): 673–690.  online
 Lutz, Harley L. "The Federal Revenue Act of 1935." American Economic Review 26.1 (1936): 161–173. online

External Resources
Text of Revenue Act of 1937 

United States federal taxation legislation
1935 in American law
Jaynes

Jaynes is a surname, and may refer to

 Cindy Jaynes (born 1959), American rear-admiral
 Dwight Jaynes, American sports journalist
 Edwin Thompson Jaynes (1922–1998), American physicist and theorist of probability
 Jeremy Jaynes (born 1974), American convicted spammer
 Julian Jaynes (1920–1997), American psychologist
 Leigh Jaynes, American freestyle wrestler
 Roderick Jaynes, name used by the Coen brothers

See also
Jayne
Janes
Wooden Heart

"Wooden Heart" is a pop song recorded by Elvis Presley. The composition is based on a German folk song "Muss i denn" (lit. Must I then) and it was featured in the 1960 Elvis Presley film G.I. Blues. The song was a hit single for Presley in the UK Singles Chart, reaching No. 1 for six weeks in March and April 1961.

Background
The song was published by Elvis Presley's company Gladys Music, Inc. In the United States, it was released in November 1964 as the B-side to "Blue Christmas". Presley performed the song live during his Dinner Show concert at the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas in 1975, a recording available on the Elvis Presley live album Dinner At Eight.

A cover version by Joe Dowell on the Smash Records label made it to number one in the US at the end of August 1961, knocking Bobby Lewis' "Tossin' and Turnin'" off the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 after seven weeks. Dowell's version also spent three weeks at number one on the Easy Listening chart.

"Wooden Heart", written by Fred Wise, Ben Weisman, Kay Twomey and German bandleader Bert Kaempfert, was based on the German folk song, "Muss i denn", originating from the Rems Valley in Württemberg, south-west Germany, and arranged by Friedrich Silcher. "Wooden Heart" features several lines from the original folk song. Marlene Dietrich recorded a version of the song in the original German  sometime before 1958, pre-dating Presley, which appears as a B-side on a 1959 version of her single "Lili Marlene", released by Philips in association with Columbia Records. The Elvis Presley version was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. Bobby Vinton recorded his version in 1975 with those lines translated into Polish.

The Elvis Presley version features two sections in German, the first being the first four lines: "". The second section is towards the end and is based on a translation of the English version (therefore not appearing in the original German folk lyrics):  ("Be good to me, be good to me, be to me how you really should, how you really should...").

Chart history

Elvis Presley

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Sales

Joe Dowell

Gus Backus

Editions
(US) "Blue Christmas" b/w "Wooden Heart" Released: November 1964, RCA 447-0720

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Released on their 2015 Album Nobody's Children of previously unreleased material

Bobby Vinton released it as a 45 single on ABC Records in 1975—U.S. #58

References

External links
Elvis News Network – G.I. Blues
Joe Dowell biography
"", lyrics and translation
 Joe Dowell Collection, McLean County Museum of History

1959 songs
1960 singles
1961 singles
Elvis Presley songs
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Norway
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Songs with music by Bert Kaempfert
Songs with lyrics by Fred Wise (songwriter)
Songs with music by Ben Weisman
Songs with lyrics by Kay Twomey
Songs written for films
RCA Records singles
Smash Records singles
1950s ballads
Pop ballads
Folk ballads
Macaronic songs
Armstrong Creek (Pennsylvania)

Armstrong Creek is a  tributary of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania in the United States.

The creek rises on Berry Mountain east of Elizabethville and flows generally southwest.

Armstrong Creek joins the Susquehanna River on the north side of Halifax.

Armstong Creek was named for John Armstrong, Sr., who led the Kittanning Expedition in the French and Indian War.

See also
List of Pennsylvania rivers

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Susquehanna River
Rivers of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Robert Alaine

Robert Alaine (fl. ca. 1576) held an office under a nobleman in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and is now only known for an elaborate treatise, Alaine's Astronomy, on astronomical instruments, which is preserved in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. It was given to the library by Sir Edward Stanhope.

References

British science writers
16th-century English astronomers
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
Uniform algebra

In functional analysis, a uniform algebra A on a compact Hausdorff topological space X is a closed (with respect to the uniform norm) subalgebra of the C*-algebra C(X) (the continuous complex-valued functions on X) with the following properties:
the constant functions are contained in A
 for every x, y  X there is fA with f(x)f(y). This is called separating the points of X.

As a closed subalgebra of the commutative Banach algebra C(X) a uniform algebra is itself a unital commutative Banach algebra (when equipped with the uniform norm). Hence, it is, (by definition) a Banach function algebra.

A uniform algebra A on X is said to be natural if the maximal ideals of A are precisely the ideals  of functions vanishing at a point x in X.

Abstract characterization 
If A is a unital commutative Banach algebra such that  for all a in A, then there is a compact Hausdorff X such that A is isomorphic as a Banach algebra to a uniform algebra on X. This result follows from the spectral radius formula and the Gelfand representation.

Notes

References 

Functional analysis
Banach algebras
Caristiidae

Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of perciform fishes which today includes 19 extant species distributed in four genera. Chalcidichthys malacapterygius and Absalomichthys velifer are extinct species from the Upper Miocene of Southern California.

Biography
They are deep-sea marine fishes that eat siphonophores. An adult manefish is less than 25 cm in length and most of them are entirely black, which helps camouflage them from predators.

Timeline

References

 
Ray-finned fish families
Umoja Orchestra

The Umoja Orchestra was a Gainesville, FL-based band whose music incorporated elements from afrobeat, jazz, funk, afro-cuban as well as traditional African, Caribbean and South American styles like salsa and merengue. The band's instrumentation was modeled closely to bands such as Fela Kuti's Africa 70 and the Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra.

Umoja Orchestra was a strong presence in the Gainesville music scene. The band was especially known for its energetic, crowd-pleasing, and dance-oriented live performances, usually selling out local venues and putting on spectacular shows. They have gone on three national tours, mostly through the East Coast, but as far as Texas. The name "Umoja" comes from the Swahili word for "unity".

Members
Sebastián López Velásquez: Guitar, Vocals, Charango, Accordion
Natalia Pérez: Vocals, Percussion
Michael Pedron: Bass
Michael Claytor: Banjo, Percussion
David Borenstein: Saxophone, Clarinet
Irving Campbell: Saxophone
Jason Prover: Trumpet
Evan Hegarty: Keyboard
Keegan Jerabek: Trumpet
Evan Garfield: Drumset
Doug Fischer: Trombone
Micah Shalom: Trombone
David Choo: Saxophone
Adam Finkelman: Percussion, Timbales
Scott Bihorel: Congas
Scott Clayton: Guitar
Paul Kronk: Guitar
Johnny Frias: Congas

Discography
Dinner at the Republic 2009
Abre la Puerta 2008
Umoja Means Unity 2007

See also
Afrobeat
Fela Kuti
Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra
World Music
descarga

External links
Umoja Orchestra On Myspace
Official Website
Facebook Page

American funk musical groups
American jazz ensembles
American world music groups
Voice of the Fire

Voice of the Fire is the first novel from Alan Moore, acclaimed comic book writer. The twelve-chapter book was initially published in the United Kingdom in 1996. The narratives take place around Moore’s hometown of Northampton, England, during the month of November, and span several millennia – from 4000 B.C. to the present day. The 2004 edition from Top Shelf Productions features an introduction from Neil Gaiman and colour plates by artist José Villarrubia. A new paperback edition, retaining all of these features, was published by Top Shelf in July 2009.

Plot summary
The story follows the lives of twelve people who lived in the same area of England over a period of 6000 years, and how their lives link to one another’s. Each chapter carries the reader forward in time, but circles around the centre of Northampton, drawing in historical events and touchstones, before finally segueing into metafictional narrative in the closing chapter, as the author himself comments directly upon the previous chapter’s ambiguous closing line, before relating a personal (possibly fictional) anecdote about Northampton which relates a personal experience of local myth, and features an appearance by his daughter and son-in-law, the writers Leah Moore and John Reppion.  Throughout, the image of the fire sparks resonates between the tales, while Moore finds a different voice for each character – though most are inherently duplicitous in some manner, leading to a further commentary on the disparity between myth and reality, and which is more likely to endure over time.

External links
5000 Years Of Solitude Spike Magazine book review
Voice of the Fire Modern Word book review
Voice of the Fire SF Site book review
Deciphering Hob's Hog A blog devoted to making sense of the book's first chapter

1996 British novels
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
Books by Alan Moore
Novels set in Northamptonshire
1996 debut novels
Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy

The Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the defenceman of the year in the Western Hockey League (WHL). It is named after one of the league's founders, Bill Hunter, who was the driving force behind the creation of the WHL.  Hunter served as the owner, general manager and head coach of the Edmonton Oil Kings, and was the first Chairman of the Board of the new league.

List of winners

See also
CHL Defenceman of the Year – First awarded in 1987–88
Max Kaminsky Trophy – Ontario Hockey League Defenceman of the Year
Emile Bouchard Trophy – Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Defenceman of the Year

Notes

References

Western Hockey League trophies and awards
Medial axis

The medial axis of an object is the set of all points having more than one closest point on the object's boundary.  Originally referred to as the topological skeleton, it was introduced in 1967 by Harry Blum as a tool for biological shape recognition. In mathematics the closure of the medial axis is known as the cut locus.

In 2D, the medial axis of a subset S which is bounded by planar curve C is the locus of the centers of circles that are tangent to curve C in two or more points, where all such circles are contained in S.  (It follows that the medial axis itself is contained in S.)
The medial axis of a simple polygon is a tree whose leaves are the vertices of the
polygon, and whose edges are either straight segments or arcs of parabolas.

The medial axis together with the associated radius function of the maximally inscribed discs is called the medial axis transform (MAT). The medial axis transform is a complete shape descriptor (see also shape analysis), meaning that it can be used to reconstruct the shape of the original domain.

The medial axis is a subset of the symmetry set, which is defined similarly, except that it also includes circles not contained in S.  (Hence, the symmetry set of S generally extends to infinity, similar to the Voronoi diagram of a point set.)

The medial axis generalizes to k-dimensional hypersurfaces by replacing 2D circles with k-dimension hyperspheres. The 2D medial axis is useful for character and object recognition, while the 3D medial axis has applications in surface reconstruction for physical models, and for dimensional reduction of complex models. In any dimension, the medial axis of a bounded open set is homotopy equivalent to the given set.

If S is given by a unit speed parametrisation , and  is the unit tangent vector at each point. Then there will be a bitangent circle with center c and radius r if 

For most curves, the symmetry set will form a one-dimensional curve and can contain cusps. The symmetry set has end points corresponding to the vertices of S.

See also
Grassfire transform
Local feature size
Straight skeleton
Voronoi diagram – which can be regarded as a discrete form of the medial axis.

References

Further reading

External links
The Scale Axis Transform –  a generalization of the medial axis
 Straight Skeleton for polygon with holes – Straight Skeleton builder implemented in java.

Geometric shapes
François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye

François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye is a former Rwandan soldier, who is chiefly known for his role in the Rwandan genocide.

Background and role in genocide 
Nzuwonemeye was born in Kigali-rural préfecture, Rwanda; he is of Hutu ethnicity. Nzuwonemeye entered the Rwandan Armed Forces, and by 1994 held the rank of major. In 1993, he was commander of the 42nd battalion of FAR; he was subsequently promoted to commander of the Reconnaissance Battalion.

The ICTR indictment alleges that between 1990 and 1994, Nzuwonemeye and other officers conspired to exterminate the Tutsi civilians and political opponents, and helped to train interahamwe and militia groups who committed the genocide.

After Habyarimana's death and the start of the genocide, members of the Reconnaissance Battalion commanded by Nzuwonemeye's subordinate, Innocent Sagahutu, "tracked down, arrested, sexually assaulted, and killed" Rwandan Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana. They also took into custody ten Belgian peacekeepers from UNAMIR who had been guarding her house. They were taken back to Camp Kigali, a FAR encampment, where they were "attacked and beaten" by members of RECCE under Sagahutu's command and were later killed. They were accompanied in this by members of the Presidential Guard commanded by Major Protais Mpiranya.

During the same operation, the Rwandan Army soldiers took into custody ten Belgian peacekeepers from UNAMIR who had been guarding her house.

After the genocide 
Nzuwonemeye fled Rwanda after the RPF victory. In an indictment last amended on 25 September 2002, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) charged Nzuwonemeye with "conspiracy to commit genocide, genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of the Geneva Convention."

Nzuwonemeye was arrested in France on 15 February 2000, the same day as his former deputy, Innocent Sagahutu, was arrested in Denmark.

He was transferred to the authority of the ICTR on 23 May 2000. As of 2006, his joint trial with other FAR officers implicated in the genocide is currently underway. On 11, February 2014, Nzuwonemeye was acquitted by the ICTR.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Rwandan soldiers
People indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Aughwick Creek

Aughwick Creek is a  tributary of the Juniata River in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Aughwick Creek, born from the confluence of Little Aughwick Creek and Sideling Hill Creek near the community of Maddensville, joins the Juniata River a few miles below Mount Union.

Bridges

The Runk Bridge crosses Aughwick Creek at Shirley Township.

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

External links
U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Juniata River
Rivers of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Trappist Dairy (Hong Kong) Limited

Trappist Dairy Limited is a small scale dairy producer in Hong Kong, with production based in Yuen Long.

It was founded in 1956 by Father Jen Stanislus of the Trappist Haven Monastery, on Lantau Island, and the dairy was initially operated by Trappist Haven of Tai Shui Hang.

The dairy processing operations are managed by Lark International Dairy Holdings Limited.

Trappist milk products are sold in the traditional glass bottles as well as cardboard cartons.

In 2015, batches of Trappist Dairy milk were withdrawn from sale due to safety tests detecting “excessive bacteria”.

See also
 Trappist Haven Monastery
 Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited
 Kowloon Dairy

References

External links
 

Dairy farming in Hong Kong
Dairy products companies of Hong Kong
Trappist Order
Food and drink companies established in 1956
1956 establishments in Hong Kong
Edward Madejski

Edward Dominik Jerzy Madejski (11 August 1914 – 15 February 1996) was a Polish football goalkeeper and chemistry engineer, who was a graduate of Mining-Metallurgic Academy in Kraków.

For most of his career, Madejski was a goalie of Wisła Kraków; in 11 games for the Poland national football team, letting 33 goals into his net. His debut in white-red Polish jersey took place on 6 September 1936 in Belgrade (Yugoslavia beat Poland 9-3). He was also part of Poland's squad at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches. The last game in which he represented Poland was held in Dublin, on 13 November 1938 (Ireland - Poland 3-2).

Madejski was famous for taking part in the 5 June 1938 Brazil vs. Poland match in Strasbourg, in which Poland lost 5-6 to Brazil (during this game Ernst Willimowski scored 4 goals for Poland). At that time Madejski was banned from playing in any Polish Soccer League teams (due to the scandal connected with his transfer from Wisła Kraków to Garbarnia Kraków), so for a year he was not associated with any club.

During the Second World War Madejski participated in various illegal soccer tournaments (all sports in Poland were banned by the German authorities). Arrested by the Gestapo, he spent a few months in the death row.

References

See also
 Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

1914 births
1996 deaths
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Polonia Bytom players
Wisła Kraków players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Kraków
Polish Austro-Hungarians
People detained by the Polish Ministry of Public Security
Men's association football goalkeepers
Polish prisoners sentenced to death
People condemned by Nazi courts
Lawrence Conrad

Lawrence Irvin Conrad (born 1949) is a British historian and scholar of Oriental studies, specializing in Near Eastern studies and the history of medicine. He currently serves as historian for the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in London.

Education and career
Conrad received his Ph.D. from Princeton University, completing his dissertation on The Plague in the Early Medieval Near East in 1981. After a brief period working at the American University of Beirut, he moved in 1985 to the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine  at University College, London.  In 2001, he moved to the University of Hamburg, where he remained until his retirement in 2008. Conrad is known for his work on medieval Near Eastern social history, Arabic and Islamic medicine, and Arabic, Greek, and Syriac historiography.

Selected publications
Authored books

Edited books

Translated books

References

1949 births
Academics of University College London
British Arabists
British literary historians
British medical historians
British Islamic studies scholars
British male non-fiction writers
British orientalists
Living people
British scholars of Islam
History of Quran scholars
Princeton University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Hamburg
Kowloon Dairy

Kowloon Dairy Limited () is a dairy producer in Hong Kong. It was established by George Ahwee and Rudy Choy in 1940.

History
The Kowloon Dairy was incorporated on 21 March 1940. Initially there were only 30 employees and the company could only supply fresh milk to the northern part of the Kowloon Peninsula. The company expanded following additional investment by Li Lan Sang. During World War II, the company had 100 cows, all of which were taken through plundering.

In the early years, the Kowloon Dairy Limited's factory was located where the Choi Wan Estate is presently situated. In 1972, the Hong Kong government decided to reclaim the land in order to build public estates for its citizens and Kowloon Dairy decided to move its factory to Tuen Mun and the Farm to Yuen Long. The farm expanded to 21,000 square foot with more than 300 cows.

Since about 1975, the Kowloon Dairy’s operation and business are managed by the family of Li Lan Sang.

In 2013, there were almost 500 employees working for the Kowloon Dairy Limited, with distribution across Hong Kong and Macau. At that time the company was producing different varieties of dairy products, including milk and ice cream. In 1992, Kowloon Dairy Limited entered the Chinese market and formed a joint company named the Kowloon Dairy (Guangzhou) Limited with local dairy company Fengxing Milk. Production in China started in 1994; now, dairy products from Kowloon Dairy Limited can be found in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Heilongjiang and Yunnan.

The Southern Metropolis Daily said of Kowloon Dairy, "many Hong Kong people drink it from childhood to adulthood and are loyal fans of it".

Award

In January 2007 and 2009, Kowloon Dairy Limited was awarded certification from HACCP Food Safety Management and the ISO 22000 Certification by the British Standards Institution. This was the first time a Hong Kong Dairy Product company was recognized and awarded. Furthermore, in September 2011, Kowloon Dairy Limited was granted HACCP Food Safety Management and ISO 22000 Certification from the SGS.

See also
 Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited
 List of food companies
 Trappist Dairy (Hong Kong) Limited
 The Garden Company
 Manufacturing in Hong Kong

References

External links

 Kowloon Dairy

Drink companies of Hong Kong
Dairy products companies of Hong Kong
Ice cream brands
1940 establishments in Hong Kong
Food and drink companies established in 1940