alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze

Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze (also known by the Christian name of Giorgi Sharvashidze) was a prince of the Principality of Abkhazia in 1810–21.  He was the youngest son of Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Sharvashidze.  

After Kelesh Ahmed-bey was killed by his heir, Aslan-Bey Sharvashidze (or, according to George Hewitt by Sefer-bey himself, together with Nino Dadiani and the Russian military administration), Sefer Ali-Bey was forced to hide out in neighboring Mingrelia under the protection of the Mingrelian princess regent Nino.  With the help of the Mingrelian nobility, Sefer Ali-Bey tried unsuccessfully, to usurp the throne of Abkhazia.  In 1809, Sharvashidze asked the Tsarist Russian Empire to take Abkhazia under its protection, with the condition that Ali-Bey be established as the new ruler of the Principality. After decisive Russian victories during the Second Russo-Turkish War, the Russian forces were able to expel pro-Turkish Abkhazians as well as the remaining Turkish forces from the region. Tsar Alexander I established Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze as the new ruler of Abkhazia on 17 February 1810. He died in 1821 and was buried at the Lykhny Church.

References
 Georgian State (Soviet) Encyclopedia. 1983. Book 10. p. 689.

Year of birth missing
1821 deaths
Abkhazian former Muslims
Princes of Abkhazia
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Islam
House of Shervashidze
Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Sharvashidze

Kelesh Ahmed-Bey (Kelesh-Bey) Sharvashidze (1747–1808) was the head of state of the Principality of Abkhazia from the 1780s to 1808. Kelesh-Bey was the son of Manuchar Sharvashidze.

Biography
Kelesh-Bey was born in 1747 in the Principality of Abkhazia. In his childhood, Kelesh-Bey was taken to Istanbul, Turkey as a hostage, where he converted to Islam.  Kelesh returned to Abkhazia from Istanbul in the 1770s with the goal of taking over and ruling his native land. With the help of Turkish forces, Kelesh-Bey was able to overthrow his uncle, Zurab Sharvashidze, and take over the Abkhaz crown. Kelesh-Bey was known for his energetic drive to consolidate state power while actively fighting against the Principality of Mingrelia which bordered Abkhazia to the east. Kelesh-Bey was the grand father of Gülüstü Hanım, Sultan Abdulmejid I's consort and Sultan Mehmed VI's mother. 

In 1802, he rallied the Turkish support and captured the Mingrelian fort of Anaklia. After Mingrelia joined the Russian Empire in 1803, Kelesh also tried to seek closer ties (associated relations) with Russia, which led to Abkhazia’s break with Ottoman Turkey.  Becoming increasingly worried about Abkhazia drifting closer to Russia, the Turkish leadership tried to remove Kelesh-Bey from power by force, but failed. In the end, Turkey was able to remove Kelesh from the Abkhaz throne by forging close ties to his son Aslan-Bey who killed his father and became the new ruler of Abkhazia. George Hewitt considers this a Russian fabrication and accuses Aslan-bey's brother Sefer-Bey, Nino Dadiani and the Russian military administration of the assassination.

Children
Aslan-Bey Sharvashidze
Sefer Ali-Bey Sharvashidze
Batal Bey Sharvashidze
Hasan Bey Sharvashidze
Tatar Bey Sharvashidze
Rustam Bey Sharvashidze
Sulaiman Bey Sharvashidze
Mahmud Bey Sharvashidze
Sekir Bey Sharvashidze
Rustam Khanum

References
 Georgian State (Soviet) Encyclopedia. 1983. Book 10. p. 689.

1747 births
1806 deaths
Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
Former Georgian Orthodox Christians
Princes of Abkhazia
Kelesh Ahmed-Bey
Anterior cardinal vein

The anterior cardinal veins (precardinal veins) contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava.

The anastomosis between the two anterior cardinal veins develops into the left brachiocephalic vein.

Additional images

See also
 Posterior cardinal vein

References

External links
 
 Diagram at nature.com

Embryology of cardiovascular system
Discreet Cat

Discreet Cat is a thoroughbred race horse.  As a foal of 2003 (May 1), the bay colt won the UAE Derby in March 2006. He was then shipped to the United States, but did not race in the Kentucky Derby or any other Triple Crown races.

Connections
Discreet Cat is owned by Godolphin Stables. He was trained by Saeed bin Suroor and has been ridden by Javier Castellano, Frankie Dettori, and Garrett Gomez.

Breeding
Bred in Kentucky by E. Paul Robsham, Discreet Cat was sired by Forestry (by Storm Cat) out of Grade I winner Pretty Discreet (by Private Account).

His career earnings stand at $1,554,180.  His current stud fee is $30,000, he stands at Darley's Jonabell farm in Lexington, Ky.

Dubai World Cup
On March 31, 2007, Discreet Cat ran in the Dubai World Cup against U.S. Horse of the Year Invasor. He suffered his first career loss in seven starts as Invasor would go on to win the race while Discreet Cat finished last in a field of seven.

Following his loss in the Dubai World Cup, Discreet Cat's handlers announced an abscess had been found in the horse's throat. He did not return to racing until September 30, 2007 when he finished third in the Vosburgh Stakes at New York's Belmont Park.  His final race was a third-place finish in the inaugural Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile at Monmouth Park on October 26, 2007.

Races

Stud career

Discreet Cat currently stands as a stallion at Darley Stud in Japan.

Notable stock

Discreet Cat has currently sired four individual Group 1 winners:

c = colt, f = filly, g = gelding

References

 Discreet Cat's pedigree and photo
 NTRA bio
 Discreet Cat at Godolphin's official website
 2007 Dubai World Cup Video

2003 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Racehorses trained in the United Arab Emirates
Thoroughbred family 2-n
Common cardinal veins

The common cardinal veins, also known as the ducts of Cuvier, are veins that drain into the sinus venosus during embryonic  development. These drain an anterior cardinal vein and a posterior cardinal vein on each side. Each of the ducts of Cuvier receives an ascending vein. The ascending veins return the blood from the parietes of the trunk and from the Wolffian bodies, and are called cardinal veins. Part of the left common cardinal vein persists after birth to form the coronary sinus.

Additional images

See also
 Georges Cuvier

References

External links
 

Embryology of cardiovascular system
Pforzheimer Zeitung

Pforzheimer Zeitung is an independent local subscription newspaper with seat in Pforzheim, which is mainly distributed and read in the city of Pforzheim and the surrounding Enz district. Its language of publication is German and it appears daily, from Monday to Saturday. It features in-depth coverage of news on Pforzheim and the surrounding region, and reports on major national and international events. News topics are 
politics, economy, social issues, and sports. The newspaper has the largest circulation in the region with more than 100,000 copies per day. It has an editorial office in Mühlacker and publishes special local versions for the Mühlacker and Northern Black Forest regions.

The Pforzheimer Zeitung was founded in October 1949 by Jakob Esslinger, who had been operating in Pforzheim as a printer and newspaper publisher since 1928. His earlier newspaper was the daily "Pforzheimer Rundschau", a newspaper with a long tradition, which he took over in 1928 and published until March 1, 1943, when it was shut down by the Nazi regime citing "lack of paper" as the reason. But this reason was only a pretense, given the independence of the paper in times when the Nazi regime was aiming at total control of the media. The PZ was founded in economically difficult times after the end of World War II and in a town that to a large extent had been destroyed by an area bombardment.

The bombing raid had destroyed all printing presses of Esslinger's company. Pforzheimer Zeitung is registered under the company name "J. Esslinger GmbH & Co. KG" and is led by the publisher Albert Esslinger-Kiefer (2006).

The Pforzheimer Zeitung operates its own printing shop in the center of Pforzheim and nowadays is one of the most modern and productive independent newspapers in Germany. It utilizes modern techniques such as electronic text and image processing, digital photography, computer-to-plate technology, high-quality four-color printing, and large rotary printing presses which can print up to 35,000 copies per hour. PZ has established its own internet homepage where it offers a news summary free of charge.

In 2006, PZ had around 150 employees, of which 37 belonged to the editorial staff. At that point, PZ earned roughly 70% of its revenue from advertising and the remaining 30% from subscriptions.

External links 
Pforzheimer Zeitung homepage

Daily newspapers published in Germany
Mass media in Pforzheim
Moslavina

Moslavina () also known as Monoszló in hungarian is a microregion in Croatia centered on the central mountain of Moslavačka gora. It is administratively divided by the counties of Zagreb, Sisak-Moslavina and Bjelovar-Bilogora. The main city in the region in terms of traffic, commerce and business is the city of Kutina (central Moslavina), with 24,000 citizens.  Other important centres are Ivanić-Grad (western Moslavina), Čazma, Garešnica and Popovača. Moslavina borders Banovina and Turopolje to the south-west, Kalničko Prigorje and Bilogora to the north and Western Slavonia to the east.

The region has a significant amount of natural resources. It also home to part of the nature park Lonjsko Polje, a wetland which is currently under consideration to become a UNESCO World Heritage site. The region is home of the companies Petrokemija and Selk, and over 6,000 people in the area are employed in the electronics industry.

Name 
The name originates from the days of the Kingdom of Croatia, coming from the older name of Moslavačka gora; Mons Claudius.

Territorial division 
Moslavina as a region is divided by the territorial-political structure of the Republic of Croatia between Zagreb, Bjelovar-Bilogora and Sisak-Moslavina counties. Despite the division, Moslavina has an identity based on common history, customs, culture and the backbone of economic activities, which is geographically defined by the Moslavačka gora mountain and the associated rivers with it as well as the low-lying swamplands of Lonjsko polje.

The following municipalities and towns are considered part of Moslavina:

 Zagreb county
 Ivanić-Grad
 Kloštar Ivanić
 Križ
 Dubrava
 Bjelovar-Bilogora county
 Čazma
 Garešnica
 Hercegovac
 Velika Trnovitica
 Ivanska
 Berek
 Sisak-Moslavina county
 Velika Ludina
 Popovača
 Kutina
 Lipovljani

See also
 Geography of Croatia

Sources
 Moslavina at enciklopedija.hr

External links
Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Regions of Croatia
Shish kofta

Shish kofta () (Turkish) is a type of kebab-style kofta dish in Turkish cuisine.

The dish consists of minced lamb, mutton, veal or beef, or a mixture of these meats mixed with herbs, often including parsley and mint, placed on a şiş (skewer) and grilled. It is typically served with pilav (Turkish-style rice or bulgur wheat) and salad.

There are several regional variations on shish kofta. Tire köfte is made mainly with veal.

The city of Burdur is known for its distinct variant of shish kofta known as Burdur şiş, which is traditionally made with minced goat meat (or more commonly with beef today), with salt but no spices or herbs, and eaten with a special type of pita bread. Burdur şiş was officially recognised as a distinct variant of shish kofta by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office in 2010.

Shish kofta is also the basis of yoğurtlu kebap (kebab with yogurt).

See also  
 Ćevapi
 Burdur Şiş
 Kebab
 List of kebabs
 Shish kebab
 Seekh kebab
 Lula kebab
 Kabab koobideh

References

Skewered kebabs
Kofta
Barbecue
Middle Eastern grilled meats
Turkish cuisine
Persian words and phrases
Turkish words and phrases
Azerbaijani cuisine
Iranian cuisine
Jade, Germany

Jade is a municipality in the district of Wesermarsch, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Jade, approx.  north of Oldenburg, and  northwest of Bremen.

References

Wesermarsch
Ovelgönne

Ovelgönne is a municipality in the district of Wesermarsch, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 27 km northeast of Oldenburg, and 40 km northwest of Bremen. The municipality of Ovelgönne has its administration in the village of Oldenbrok and not in the homonymous village of Ovelgönne.

History
Ovelgönne has its origins in the "Oevelgünne" fortress which was constructed by Count Johann V of Oldenburg (1482–1526) at the end of June 1514 in order to enforce his rule over the surrounding area.

In 1583, Ovelgönne was given additional fortifications. From 1628 to 1631, Imperial Troops were quartered at Ovelgönne during the Thirty Years' War.

References

Wesermarsch
Populated places established in 1514
Manuchar, Prince of Abkhazia

Manuchar I, or Manch I, from the house of Sharvashidze, was a prince of the Principality of Abkhazia from circa 1730 to 1757. Manuchar was forcefully deposed from the throne by Ottoman Turkey and sent into exile to that empire, where he converted to Islam together with his brothers Levan, Shirvan and Zurab.

References

 Georgian State (Soviet) Encyclopedia. 1983. Book 10. p. 689.
 Lak'oba, S. (1999). 18th century-1917 in The Abkhazians; a handbook. Curzon Press, Richmond (England).

Princes of Abkhazia
House of Shervashidze
Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
Former Georgian Orthodox Christians
Matthew 7

Matthew 7 is the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This chapter is the last of the three chapters which comprise the Sermon on the Mount.

Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 29 verses.

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

 Codex Vaticanus (~325–350; complete)
 Codex Sinaiticus (~330–360; complete)
 Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
 Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 6-29)

Verses

Analysis
In John Wesley's analysis of the Sermon on the Mount, chapter five outlines "the sum of all true religion", allowing chapter six to detail "rules for that right intention which we are to preserve in all our outward actions, unmixed with worldly desires or anxious cares for even the necessaries of life" and this chapter to provide "cautions against the main hinderances of religion". Within the chapter there are several themes, with verses 1–12 dealing with judging and discernment. Verses 3-5 relate a proverbial saying on the Mote and the Beam, which has a parallel in Luke 6:37-42. At Matthew 7:7 Jesus returns to the subject of prayer, promising that God will respond to prayer. Verses 7:13 and 14 contain the analogy of the broad and narrow roads, a warning of the ease of slipping into damnation. Verse 7:15 continues the warnings about judgment and adds a caution about false prophets by repeating some of the language used by John the Baptist in chapter 3.

The chapter ends with the parable of the wise and the foolish builders in Matthew 7:24–27, which has a parallel in Luke 6:46–49.

According to theologian Edward Plumptre, in comparison with the preceding chapters, "this [chapter] deals chiefly with the temptations incident to the more advanced stages of [Christian] life when lower forms of evil have been overcome – with the temper that judges others, the self-deceit of unconscious hypocrisy, the danger of unreality".

Explanatory notes

Citations

External links

 , King James Bible at Wikisource
 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
 Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
 Multiple bible versions at BibleGateway.com (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)

 
Matthew 07
Matthew 8

Matthew 8 is the eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and continues the narrative about Jesus' ministry in Galilee previously described in Matthew 4:23–25. It follows on from the Sermon on the Mount, noting in its opening verse that Jesus had come down from the mountain where he had been teaching. There is a renewed focus in this chapter on Jesus' ministry of healing.

Text 

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 34 verses.

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–50)
Codex Sinaiticus (330–60)
Codex Bezae (c. 400)
Codex Washingtonianus (c. 400)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; complete)

Structure 
 
This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to parallel texts in the other canonical gospels):
  = Jesus cleansing a leper (; )
  = Healing the centurion's servant (; )
  = Healing the mother of Peter's wife (; )
  = Jesus exorcising at sunset (; )
  = The cost of discipleship: "The foxes have holes" ()
  = "Let the dead bury their own dead" ()
  = Calming the storm (; )
  = Exorcism of the Gerasene or Gergesene demoniacs (; )

Analysis
E. H. Plumptre, in Anglican bishop Charles Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, commented that the events reported "are common to St. Mark and St. Luke, but are not narrated … in the same order". Free Church minister William Robertson Nicoll suggested that "this collection is not arranged in chronological order. The connection is topical, not temporal." In his opinion these stories "are an integral part of the self-revelation of Jesus by word and deed; they are demonstrations not merely of His power, but above all, of His spirit".

New Testament scholar Dale Allison notes that these "merciful deeds" performed by Jesus, along with those recorded in chapter 9, are all undertaken for the benefit of "people from the margins of Jewish society or without status". Henry Alford describes these deeds as a "solemn procession of miracles", whose record confirms "the authority with which our Lord had spoken".

The Jerusalem Bible notes that the ten miracles recorded in chapters 8 and 9 demonstrate the power of Jesus over nature, sickness, death and devils.

See also 
 Book of Leviticus
 Leper
 Moses
 Related Bible parts: Leviticus 14, Joshua 10, Isaiah 53, Mark 1, 4 and 5, Luke 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, John 4

References

External links
 King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)

 
Matthew 08
No Place Like Earth

No Place Like Earth () is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer John Wyndham, published in July 2003 by Darkside Press.

Contents
The collection contains the following short stories:
"Derelict of Space" (first published in Wanderers of Time)
 "Time to Rest" (also available in The Seeds of Time)
 "No Place Like Earth" (first published in Exiles on Asperus)
 "In Outer Space There Shone a Star"
 "But a Kind of a Ghost"
 "The Cathedral Crypt"
 "A Life Postponed"
 "Technical Slip" (previously published in Jizzle)
 "Una" (first published in Jizzle)
 "It's a Wise Child"
 "Pillar to Post" (first published in The Seeds of Time)
 "The Stare"
 "Time Stops Today"
 "The Meddler"
 "Blackmoil"
 "A Long Spoon" (first published in Consider Her Ways and Others)

See also 

There is a compilation of short science fiction stories published under the same title: John Carnell's No Place like Earth: A Science Fiction Anthology' (1954). It contains two stories by John Wyndham: No Place like Earth (as by John Beynon) and Survival.

External links 
 No Place like Earth at darksidepress.com

2003 short story collections
Short story collections by John Wyndham
Books published posthumously
Stadland

Stadland is a municipality in the district of Wesermarsch, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Weser, approx. 32 km northeast of Oldenburg, and 42 km northwest of Bremen. On the west side Stadland bordered to the Jade Bight. Its seat is in the village Rodenkirchen, which is also part of this municipality as the villages Schwei, Seefeld and Kleinensiel. There are also many little Bauernschaften (hamlets) in Stadland.

In 1974 Stadland was built in cause of the Niedersächsische Gemeindereform. The former municipalities Rodenkirchen, Schwei and Seefeld and also Kleinensiel, a part of the former municipality Esenshamm (now: Nordenham) were built up to the new municipality Stadland.

Division of the municipality
 Rodenkirchen is with approx. 4,000 inhabitants the largest place of the municipality as well as training and sports center and seat of the local administration. Each year at the end of September the Roonkarker Mart, a funfair take place and attract many visitors.
  Schwei  has got round about 1,500 inhabitants. Among the former municipality Schwei rank the Bauernschaften Norderschwei, Kötermoor, Süderschwei, Schweieraußendeich, Schweieraltendeich, Schweierfeld and Schwei-West.
 Seefeld was built in 1643 in cause of building dikes and land reclamation. The place is particularly coined by the agriculture. The cultural center forms the Seefelder Mühle, a windmill, the landmark of the place, where over 50 meetings take place annually.
  Kleinensiel with approx. 800 inhabitants is the smallest village of the municipality. In the media is the place admits by the close convenient nuclear power station Unterweser. In 2004 the Wesertunnel was finished. The next firm land traversing across the Weser is not before Bremen.

Partnership
Stadland has a Partnership with the District du Petit Caux (Normandy, France). This partnership is affirmed by mutual attendance of grades and private people in each year.

Personalities
 Alma Rogge, German writer
 Amanda Jürgens, German writer
 Franz Radziwill, German painter
 Jakob Schipper, German-Austrian philologist

Gallery

References

Wesermarsch
Matthew 15

Matthew 15 is the fifteenth chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible. It concludes the narrative about Jesus' ministry in Galilee and can be divided into the following subsections:
Discourse on Defilement (15:1–20)
Exorcising the Canaanite woman's daughter (15:21–28)
Healing many on a mountain (15:29-31)
Feeding the 4000 (15:32–39)

Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 39 verses.

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
Codex Bezae (~400)
Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)
Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (6th century)
Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus (6th century; extant verses 14-31)
Codex Sinopensis (6th century; extant verses 11-39)
Uncial 0237 (6th century; extant verses 12-15,17-19)

Locations and timing
Most of the events recorded in this chapter took place in Galilee. Verse 1 refers to scribes and Pharisees who have come from Jerusalem. The word order is "scribes and Pharisees" in the Textus Receptus, but "Pharisees and scribes" in Westcott and Hort's critical edition. Theologian Johann Bengel makes the point that these events could not therefore have taken place at the time of the Passover.

Verses 21 to 28 refer to an excursion to the region of Tyre and Sidon, after which Jesus returned to Galilee and 'skirted' or walked beside the Sea of Galilee to a mountain on the lake's eastern shore. Harold H. Buls notes that "at this point in the life of Jesus", he is "less than a year from his suffering and death".

At the close of the chapter (verse 39)  he "got into the boat, and came to the region of Magdala" or Magadan. According to E. H. Plumptre in Anglican bishop Charles Ellicott's Commentary, "the better [manuscripts] give the reading Magadan. The King James Version translates this text as "the coasts of Magdala". Heinrich Ewald thinks the reference may be to Megiddo, but Heinrich Meyer criticises this opinion because Megiddo is "too far inland". The parallel passage in Mark's gospel gives (in the majority of manuscripts) a quite different place name, Dalmanutha, although a handful of manuscripts give either Magdala or Magadan, possibly through assimilation with the Matthean text.

Verse 16
Then he said, “Are you also still without understanding?" (New Revised Standard Version) 
So Jesus said, “Are you also still without understanding? (New King James Version) 
Meyer suggests that the word "Jesus" is probably an addition.

See also
 Galilee
 Magdala
 Miracles of Jesus
 Sidon
 Tyre
 Related Bible parts: Mark 7, Mark 8

References

External links
 King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)

Gospel of Matthew chapters
Phoenicians in the New Testament
Adolph Frank

Adolph Frank (January 20, 1834 – May 30, 1916) was a German-Jew chemist, engineer, and businessman. He is best known for having discovered uses of potash and creating the industry.

Adolph Frank was born in the town of Klötze (now in Altmarkkreis Salzwedel in Altmark, Saxony-Anhalt. He was the son of a Jewish merchant, who—like Frank's grandfather—ran a general store. Frank studied the secondary school in Strelitz, now part of Neustrelitz, and then Jacobsohn School in Seesen. Then, he took up an apprenticeship as an apothecary in Osterburg, because he was interested in chemistry. From 1855 to 1857 he studied pharmacy, natural sciences and technology at the university in Berlin. In the same year he passed the examination to become an apothecary with a grade of 1 (the best possible grade in the German school system). In 1861 and 1862, he received his doctorate in chemistry from the university in Göttingen with a work about the production of sugar. Before this, in 1858, he had already received his first patent while working for a sugar beet factory in Staßfurt. He received this patent for having discovered a way to clean beet juice with clay soaps. The emphasis of his work was on the use of potash as an artificial fertilizer.

After 1860, he discovered and developed a deposit near Staßfurt and Leopoldshall, thus founding the industry. In 1861, he gained the patent on fertilizer on the basis of potassium chloride. A further invention of his was a method for the extraction of bromine from salt mines.

His work in the field of fertilizers led to the use of the fertilizer discovered by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas ( or ). Together with the German-Polish chemist Nikodem Caro, he developed the Frank-Caro process of extracting calcium cyanamide in 1899, which was the foundation of the nitrogen and calcium cyanamide fertilizer industry. In the same year those two and a few other businessmen founded Cyanidgesellschaft mbH, which would later become Bayrischen Stickstoff-Werke AG (BStW) in Trostberg.

The brown coloring of bottles, which is supposed to protect the content of the bottle from the effects of light, can also be attributed to him. He also researched the extraction of hydrogen for blimp together with Carl von Linde.

He was awarded the John Scott Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1893.

References

1834 births
1916 deaths
People from Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Scientists from the Province of Saxony
19th-century German Jews
19th-century German chemists
20th-century German chemists
Zhanqiao Pier

Zhanqiao () pier is located at the southern shore of Qingdao, China, off Zhongshan Road. This now  pier, constructed in 1891, was Qingdao's first wharf. The octagonal Hunian pavilion (Billowing Back and Forth Tower, loosely translated) was constructed at the end of the pier in 1930, and features as the logo of Tsingtao Brewery.

Also in the vicinity of Zhanqiao Pier is the small Qingdao Island (Xiao Qingdao), the China Navy Museum, and numerous neighborhoods featuring German colonial architecture. The coastline lights up at night with spotlights on nearby buildings and several neon billboards.

Main attractions 
 Huilan Pavilion () is located in the coastal area of the Shinan District. 
 Zhongshan Road () was built in 1897, during the German colonial period.

See also
Qingdao
Jiaozhou Bay

References

Buildings and structures in Qingdao
Piers in China
Tourist attractions in Qingdao
Kym Wilson

Kym Wilson (born 1 April 1973) is an Australian actress and former television host.

Career 
As a girl, Wilson studied drama and dance at Cheshire Dance Academy in North Narrabeen, Sydney in the early 80s.  

Wilson made her television debut playing a minor role in the 1985 mini-series Professor Poopsnagle's Steam Zeppelin. Her first major role was in the ABC TV mini-series Brides of Christ in 1991. She played Darcy Hudson in the popular medical drama A Country Practice from 1991 to 1993. Following her stint on A Country Practice she played guest roles in Heartbreak High and All Saints. Wilson also co-hosted the music program Video Smash Hits from 1992 to 1993, and was a panellist on the Seven Network game-show The Main Event in 1992.

In 1995, together with then boyfriend Jeremy Sims, Wilson formed the theatrical production company "Pork Chop Productions". In 1996 she had a starring role in the original McLeod's Daughters telefilm, which remains the highest rated television film of all time in Australia. Wilson did not reprise her role for the subsequent television series.

Wilson moved to the United States in 1998 to escape press attention over her alleged affair with and the death of Michael Hutchence, where she undertook a three-month acting scholarship assisted by the Winston Churchill Fellowship, which she had won before Hutchence's death on 22 November 1997.

Wilson appeared nude on the cover of the May 1999 edition of Australian Playboy, after she was no longer acting regularly in TV series. She previously appeared semi-naked in Black+White magazine.

Wilson provided voice acting for the 2002 video game Ty the Tasmanian Tiger and its 2004 and 2005 sequels.

Personal life 
Wilson was born in Brisbane, Queensland. She completed her secondary education at Stella Maris College, Manly. 

As of 2008, Wilson was a board member of Australians In Film, based in Los Angeles. She married Sean O'Byrne on 9 October 2009.

Awards

In 1992, Wilson won the Logie Award for "Most Popular New Talent", as well as being nominated for "Most Popular Actress in a Miniseries/Telemovie" the same year. She was nominated for Most Popular Actress" in 1993 and 1994.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
 

1973 births
Australian television actresses
Living people
Logie Award winners
Blood islands

Blood islands are structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. Blood islands arise external to the developing embryo on the umbilical vesicle, allantois, connecting stalk and chorion. They are also known as Pander's islands or Wolff's islands, after Heinz Christian Pander or Caspar Friedrich Wolff.

Development

In humans, the formation of extraembryonic blood vessels starts at the beginning of the third week after fertilization. Vasculogenesis begins as mesodermal cells differentiate into hemangioblasts, which in turn differentiate into angioblasts. Clusters of angioblasts make up the blood islands.

Within the blood islands, lumens begin to appear by the growth of intercellular clefts. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. Mesenchymal cells exterior to this form the muscular and connective tissue components of blood vessels.

Roughly 3 weeks after fertilization, red blood cells, still with a nucleus, and blood plasma develop outside the embryo. They develop from undifferentiated hemangioblasts in blood vessels in the walls of the umbilical vesicle, allantois and chorion. In either case the mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Later the cells on the surface round-up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide.

Blood islands will sprout endothelial projections and these projections will fuse. This forms a plexiform network of blood vessels. Over time, the network will continue to grow, and will eventually penetrate the embryo proper and fuse with the concurrently developing embryonic circulation. Consequently, some blood islands end up inside the embryo proper, while others remain in the annexes.

Sources
The blood islands and vessels outside of the embryo is initially the sole source of blood cells and plasma, beginning 3 weeks after fertilization. Blood formation inside the embryo proper begins around 5 weeks after fertilization in the liver, and at the twelfth week in the spleen, red bone marrow and thymus.

Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the vitelline veins and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta.

References

Embryology of cardiovascular system
Articles containing video clips
Tryst (play)

Tryst is a romantic play set in Edwardian London written by British playwright Karoline Leach. Tryst had its debut on April 6, 2006 at the Promenade Theatre in New York.  

Tryst has been described as a "subversion of Edwardian melodrama", in which the stereotypical actions and responses of the characters are used to ask usually unasked questions about the motivations and power-relationships of the characters. 

The 2006 off-Broadway premiere starred Maxwell Caulfield and Amelia Campbell.  

The play was then produced in 2007 at the Black Dahlia Theater in Los Angeles, starring Gabriel Olds and Deborah Puette.  The play got positive reviews, and was nominated for an Ovation for Best Production, Intimate Theater. Its director, Robin Larsen, was also nominated for an Ovation Award and won the Garland Award for Best Director. Olds received 6 nominations for Best Actor, and 2 wins: an LA Weekly Theater Award and one from the LADCC. Puette received Best Lead Actress nominations from the Ovations, Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle, and Garland Awards and was awarded the LA Weekly Award. Since then the play has been produced in numerous venues around the world, including the Westport Country Playhouse in 2008, and at the Irish Repertory Theatre in New York City in 2011.

External links
Official Website
Tryst press release

References

2006 plays
British plays
CBS Eblana

CBS Eblana is the name by which a former Christian Brothers School (CBS) at Eblana Avenue is commonly known. The school was located in Dún Laoghaire, Dublin in Ireland. It was a second level and primary school located from 1856 until 1992. It closed due to lack of pupils most likely caused by a population shift to the outlying area of Monkstown, Loughlinstown and Shankill.

The school suffered from a fire that started in an empty gym room in 1989. The local fire chief stated in a report that much work would need to be done to bring the school up to a modern standard. The pupils were transferred to nearby St Joseph's National School, Tivoli Road, Dún Laoghaire. The school operated as the sole Christian Brothers school in Dún Laoghaire until 1951 when the school was split into two.

The secondary section was broken off, with a new secondary department opened at Eblana in 1954, the public and free CBS Eblana. Meanwhile, the Christian Brothers bought the fee paying collegiate C.B.C. Monkstown grounds at Monkstown Park, Gables' Hill in Monkstown. Since the mid-1990s, the CBS grounds have been used as a youth hostel. The building is now used by Blackrock Further Education Institute.

Alumni
 Ronnie Drew - singer
 Tony Adams - film producer
 Nevil Walsh - Professor of Sensual Healing

References

Dún Laoghaire
Secondary schools in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Defunct Catholic schools in Ireland
Calcutta Rowing Club

The Calcutta Rowing Club (CRC), located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, was founded in 1858 and is one of the oldest rowing clubs of its kind outside the United Kingdom.

History 
The club's early history was lost in the great cyclone which hit Calcutta in 1864, during which the boat house and the boats, together with the minute books and records, disappeared. The only things preserved were the accounts of 1858-59 signed by John Cowle, as the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, and he goes down in history as the first officer on record. In these records it is noted that a six oared boat was purchased for Rs. 300 and the following year a ‘Four’ was imported from Hong Kong for a sum of Rs. 448. After the cyclone, a temporary thatched roof boat house was built in 1861, on the banks of the Hooghly near Chand pal Ghat, the Regatta course was 1 mile from Fort Point to Shalimar or from Shalimar to Botanical Gardens. In 1864 the Club colours of Blue and White were adopted.

The club competed at the Head of the Lake Regatta, an annual rowing competition that began in 1933. At the 1950 All-India Regatta, the CRC won trophies in all three events — sculls, pairs and fours. The feat was previously achieved only by the Royal Connaught Boat Club in 1936.

Present location 
With the construction of the Dhakuria Lake in 1928, the club moved to its present location- 15 Rabindra Sarobar, Calcutta-700029. CRC has maintained its outstanding position in the rowing scene and from 1979 won the ARAE, the WBRA and the Head of Lake trophies - a stream of unique successes which no rowing club in the East has yet been able to achieve.

Reciprocal clubs 

The club has reciprocal arrangements with more than 100 clubs throughout the world. Members can use the facilities of overseas reciprocal clubs with a card or letter of introduction issued by the Calcutta Rowing Club.

 Madras Boat Club, Chennai, India 
 The Durban Club, Durban, South Africa
 National Liberal Club, London, UK
 The Clifton Club, Bristol, UK
 Ceylon Sports Club, Singapore
 Terminal City Club, Vancouver, Canada
 The British Club, Bangkok, Thailand

See also

 Rowing Federation of India

References

Further reading

External links 
Calcutta Rowing Club homepage

Rowing clubs in India
Sports clubs and teams in Kolkata
1858 establishments in British India
Sports venues in Kolkata
Matt Day

Matthew Day  (born 28 September 1971) is an Australian actor and filmmaker.

Early life
Day was born in Melbourne, Victoria. When he was 11 years old, he went to live in the United States with his father, a newspaper correspondent, where he became interested in acting. On his return to Australia, he attended Princes Hill Secondary College, in Carlton North and joined St Martins Youth Arts Centre in South Yarra.

Career
Day was spotted by an agent at the age of 14 and was soon cast in his first role in the ABC television series c/o The Bartons. At 17, he left his home in Carlton and relocated to Sydney for the role in the television series A Country Practice that was to be his first big break.

He has since gone on to establish a reputation as one of Australia's leading film, television and theatre actors, appearing in numerous Australian television series and telemovies including Rake, Tangle, Hell Has Harbour Views, My Brother Jack and Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo. Feature credits include Touch, My Year Without Sex,  Love and Other Catastrophes, Muriel's Wedding, Woody Allen's Scoop and Kiss or Kill, for which he received nominations for a Film Critic Circle Award and an AFI Award for Best Actor. 
His international television credits include Shackleton with Kenneth Branagh, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Commander, Spooks, Hotel Babylon, Secret Diary of a Call Girl and Bruce Beresford's And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself.

Short films as writer/director include Beat (2011 St Kilda Film Festival) My Everything (2003 Toronto Short Film Festival) and Wish (Turner Classic Shorts 2008 Winner - Special Mention, London Film Festival, Encounters Short Film Festival, Foyle Film Festival, Edinburgh International Film Festival, Stockholm Film Festival).

In 2017 he won the 25th Tropfest short film festival for his comic short film The Mother Situation, which he both directed and acted in.

Personal life
Day's parents divorced when he was young.  His mother, an English teacher, took him around Europe for six months when he was 7 and his brother Michael was 9. He said later that "the whole experience went definitely some way to influencing my wanderlust".

Day moved with his wife, journalist Kirsty Thomson, to London in 2000, not returning to Australia until 2007. The couple now live in Sydney and have two sons, Jackson and Rufus.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Writer/director

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Matt Day Yahoo Group Tons of Photos and Breaking News

1971 births
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Melbourne
Ashman phenomenon

Ashman phenomenon, also known as Ashman beats, describes a particular type of wide QRS complex, often seen isolated that is typically seen in atrial fibrillation.  It is more often misinterpreted as a premature ventricular complex.

It is named for Richard Ashman (of New Orleans) (1890 –1969), after first being described by Gouaux and Ashman in 1947.

Presentation
Ashman beats are described as wide complex QRS complexes that follow a short R-R interval preceded by a long R-R interval.  This short QRS complex typically has a right bundle branch block morphology and represents an aberrantly conducted complex that originates above the AV node, rather than a complex that originates in either the right or left ventricle.

Cause
It occurs because the duration of the refractory period of  the myocardium is proportional to the R-R interval of the preceding cycle. A short R-R interval is associated with a shorter duration of action potential  and vice versa. A long R-R cycle will prolong the ensuing refractory period, and if a shorter cycle follows, the beat terminating the cycle is likely to be conducted aberrantly. Because the refractory period of the right bundle branch is longer than the left, the right bundle will still be in the refractory period when the supraventricular impulse reaches the His-Purkinje system, resulting in a complex with right bundle branch block morphology.

Prognosis
Clinically, it is often asymptomatic by itself and considered benign in nature.

See also 
 Atrial fibrillation
 Electrocardiogram

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 

Cardiac arrhythmia
Medical signs
Diseases named for discoverer
Friedeburg

Friedeburg is a municipality in the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km southeast of Wittmund, and 20 km west of Wilhelmshaven.

About 4 kilometers east of the main village of Friedeburg, near the small village named Etzel, one of Europe's largest salt domes is located. This geological feature is part of the 240 million years old Zechstein Group formations. The salt dome, with a volume of 46 million cubic metres, houses important natural gas storages and crude oil storages. In February, 2022, the government of Lower Saxony decided to subsidize the realization of underground hydrogen storages there as well.

References

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Wittmund (district)
Firestop pillow

Firestop pillows are passive fire protection items used for firestopping holes to achieve fireproofing. The various kinds of firestop pillows are intended to slow the spread of fire. They are often used to meet fire-resistance ratings in conduits that need frequent access.

Description and use 
Firestop pillows are used for firestopping holes in wall or floor assemblies, particularly in openings that require frequent access (e.g., cable changes), requiring the removal of the firestopping and resealing after the changes are completed. The products are required to have fire-resistance ratings and to be used in accordance with a certification listing.

Pillow types 

There are three types of firestop pillows:
 rockwool batts with intumescent resin inside plastic bags
 vermiculite with intumescent graphite inside of fibreglass bags
 intumescent foam rubber

The intumescent resins in batt-based firestop pillows contains hydrates, or chemically bound water. On the fire side, the plastic bag burns off exposing the intumescent to the fire, which releases the water in the form of vapour or steam. The steam rises and hits the plastic bag interior on the unexposed side, where it condenses back to water, and runs back down to cool the installation below. Batt-based pillows are held in place by compressing them, allowing friction to restrain them. 

The vermiculite fabric bag and the graphite are noncombustible. There is also no significant release of chemically bound water.

The foam-based pillows intumesce, swelling as a result of heat exposure.

External links 

 Würth Pillows DIBt Approval 

Passive fire protection
Firestops
Jamie Croft

Jamie Croft (born 4 August 1981 in Sydney) is an Australian actor of television and film, television presenter and voice actor.

Career

Croft began his career in the television soap opera A Country Practice. He went on to appear in Police Rescue, Water Rats, Above the Law, Sun on the Stubble (aka The Valley Between), Farscape and Hercules. 

Croft was one of the original hosts of Nickelodeon variety show Sarvo, alongside Josh Quong Tart.

He has also appeared in several films including, That Eye, The Sky, 20th Century Fox's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, The Real Macaw, Disappearance, Blurred and The Pact.

More recently, Croft has undertaken a substantial array of voice work for animated films and television series.

Filmography

Film

Television

Personal life
Croft is the brother of fellow actress Rebecca Croft.

In February 2008 he married his long-time girlfriend Saskia Burmeister. Their first son, Jackson Jay "JJ", was born in May 2012, and their second son, Bodhi Phoenix, was born in June 2014.

References

External links
 

1981 births
Male actors from Sydney
Living people
Australian male television actors
Blinky Bill
List of Venezuelan artists

This is a list of artists, in chronological and period order, who were born in Venezuela or whose artworks are closely associated with the country.

For a list of female artists, see List of Venezuelan women artists.

19th Century Venezuelan artists
Pedro Castillo(1790-1858), painter 
Juan Lovera (1776–1841)
Carmelo Fernández (1809–1897), artist and painter
Martín Tovar y Tovar (1827–1902)
Eloy Palacios (1847–1919), artist, sculptor and painter
Emilio Jacinto Mauri (1855–1908)
Emilio Boggio (1857–1920)
Antonio Herrera Toro (1857–1914)
Cristóbal Rojas (1857–1890)
Arturo Michelena (1863–1898)

20th Century Venezuelan artists
Federico Brandt (1878–1932)
Tito Salas (1887–1974)
Armando Reverón (1889–1954)
Bárbaro Rivas (1893–1967)
Manuel Cabré (1890–1984)
Juan Félix Sánchez (1900–1997)
Francisco Narvaez (1905–1982)
Gertrude Goldschmidt "Gego" (1912–1994)
César Rengifo (1915–1980)
Gabriel Bracho (1915–1995) 
Braulio Salazar (1917–2008)
Mario Abreu (1919–1993)
Alejandro Otero (1921–1990)
Mercedes Pardo (1921–2005)
Jesús Rafael Soto (1923–2005)
Seka Severin de Tudja (1923–2007)
Carlos Cruz-Díez (1924–2019) 
Narciso Debourg (b. 1925)
Elsa Gramcko (1925–1994)
Mateo Manaure (1926–2018)
Oswaldo Vigas (1926–2014)
Pedro León Zapata (1928–2015)
Mariano Díaz (photographer) (b. 1929)
Marisol Escobar (1930–2016)
Lía Bermúdez (b. 1930)
Jacobo Borges (b. 1931)
Juan Calzadilla (b. 1931)
Gregorio Camacho (1933-2002)
Juvenal Ravelo (b. 1934)
Julio Maragall (b. 1936)
Asdrubal Colmenarez (b. 1936)
Francisco Hung (1937–2001)
Harry Abend (1937–2021)
Aimée Battistini (1937-2021)
Alirio Palacios (1938–2015)
Balthazar Armas (1941–2015) 
Paul del Rio (1943–2015)
Jorge Blanco (b. 1945) 
Azalea Quiñones (b. 1951)
Patricia Van Dalen (b. 1955)
Arturo Herrera (b. 1959)
María Rivas (1960-2019)

Contemporary Venezuelan artists
Julio Aguilera (b. 1961)
José Antonio Hernández-Diez (b. 1964)
Carla Arocha (b. 1961)
Fernando Asián (b. 1951)
Muu Blanco (b. 1966)
Beatriz Helena Ramos (b. 1971)
Jaime Gili (b. 1972)
Suwon Lee (b. 1977)
Hermann Mejia (b. 1973)
Yucef Merhi (b. 1977)
Daniella Isamit Morales (b. 1982)
Enrique Enn (b. 1995)
Raul J Mendez (b.1973)

See also
 List of Venezuelans
 List of Latin American artists

 
Venezuela
Artists