alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Liu Shao (Three Kingdoms)

Liu Shao ( 190s–240s), courtesy name Kongcai (), was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He often provided advice to the emperor Cao Rui, and was praised by Cao Rui for his good advice, even though Cao Rui did not frequently actually act on the advice. He also wrote poems to try to discourage Cao Rui from military and palace-building projects. When Sun Quan, the emperor of Wei's rival state Eastern Wu, led an army to attack the Wei stronghold at Hefei in 234, Liu Shao suggested to Cao Rui to send his forces to cut off Sun Quan's supply route rather than engage Sun Quan directly – a strategy that forced Sun Quan to withdraw. (However, according to Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian, it was Tian Yu who offered this advice, not Liu Shao.)

Liu Shao was also the author of the People Records (), an early Chinese treatise on human character.

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
 Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).

External links
 

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Cao Wei government officials
Politicians from Handan
Cao Wei poets
Cao Wei musicians
Musicians from Hebei
Poets from Hebei
Cao Wei essayists
Alien Breed II: The Horror Continues

Alien Breed II: The Horror Continues is a run and gun video game, the sequel to Alien Breed. It was released in 1993 by Team17 for the Amiga, available in both OCS/ECS and AGA versions. The AGA version of the game was also included as an extra in the Amiga CD32 version of Alien Breed: Tower Assault.

The game engine for Alien Breed II was largely rewritten to allow smoother scrolling between screens (the code for which was carried over to another Team17 project, Superfrog, a 2D platform game). The graphics were also vastly improved, as were the size and number of levels (there are 17 in AB-II compared to 6 in Alien Breed and 12 in Alien Breed Special Edition 92). The difficulty curve for AB-II is also steeper than that of its predecessor.

Alien Breed II is the only game in the series that gives players the option of choosing between four characters, each with their own specific strengths and weaknesses.

References

1993 video games
Alien Breed
Amiga games
Amiga 1200 games
Amiga-only games
Amiga CD32 games
Cooperative video games
Run and gun games
Science fiction video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games scored by Allister Brimble
American Music Award for Favorite Country Male Artist

The American Music Award for Favorite Male Artist – Country has been awarded since 1974. Years reflect the year in which the awards were presented, for works released in the previous year (until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year). The all-time winner in this category is Garth Brooks with 8 wins.

Winners and nominees

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Category facts

Multiple wins

 8 wins
 Garth Brooks

 6 wins
 Tim McGraw

 5 wins
 Luke Bryan
 Kenny Rogers

 4 wins
 Willie Nelson

 3 wins
 Charley Pride
 Randy Travis
 Kane Brown

 2 wins
 Toby Keith
 Brad Paisley
 Blake Shelton
 George Strait
 Keith Urban

Multiple nominations

 12 nominations
 George Strait

 10 nominations
 Garth Brooks
 Alan Jackson

 9 nominations
 Tim McGraw

 7 nominations
 Jason Aldean
 Luke Bryan
 Toby Keith
 Kenny Rogers

 6 nominations
 Willie Nelson
 Charley Pride
 Hank Williams Jr.

 5 nominations
 Kenny Chesney
 Conway Twitty

 4 nominations
 Luke Combs
 Brad Paisley
 Thomas Rhett
 Blake Shelton

 3 nominations
 Clint Black
 Vince Gill
 Merle Haggard
 Ronnie Milsap
 Randy Travis
 Keith Urban
 Morgan Wallen

 2 nominations
 Sam Hunt
 Waylon Jennings
 Charlie Rich
 Chris Stapleton

References

American Music Awards
Country music awards
Awards established in 1974
1974 establishments in the United States
FRN

FRN may refer to:

 Bryant Army Heliport, Alaska, US, IATA code
 Fearn railway station, Scotland, station code
 Federal Reserve Note, a United States banknote
 Feminist Radio Network, a United States radio distribution network
 Feronia Inc., a DR Congo palm oil corporation, TSX stock market code
 First Nation Airways, Nigeria, ICAO code
 Floating rate note, bonds that have a variable coupon
 Food Recovery Network, a US student movement
 FoodRoutes Network, a US sustainable agriculture group
 National Reconstruction Front (French: ), a political party in Haiti
 National Renaissance Front (Romanian: ), a defunct political party in Romania
 National Revolutionary Front (French: ), a political party in Vichy France
 FCC Registration Number, and entity identifier for the FCC Universal Licensing System (ULS)
 Federal Republic of Nigeria
William Tandy Senter

William Tandy Senter (May 12, 1801 –  August 28, 1848) was an American politician that represented Tennessee's second district in the United States House of Representatives.

Biography
Senter was born at Bean Station, Tennessee on May 12, 1801. He attended the common schools, and engaged in agricultural pursuits as well as holding several local offices. He married Nancy White.

Career
A minister in the Holston Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Senter was also a member of the State constitutional convention, which met at Nashville from May 19 to August 30, 1834.

Senter was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth Congress, and served from March 4, 1843 to March 3, 1845.

After his service, Senter resumed agricultural and ministerial work at Panther Springs, Hamblen County, Tennessee.

Death and legacy
Senter died at Panther Springs on August 28, 1848. He is interred at Senter Memorial Church Cemetery.  The city of Centerville, Iowa was named in his honor, although the spelling was changed because a clerk assumed the proposed name "Senterville" was a misspelling.

References

External links 
 

1801 births
1848 deaths
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
19th-century American politicians
People from Bean Station, Tennessee
Seven Is a Jolly Good Time

Seven Is a Jolly Good Time is an Egg compilation album released by See For Miles Records in 1985. It consists of  the band’s debut album, Egg (1970), and their earlier (and only) single, “Seven Is A Jolly Good Time”/”You Are All Princes”, released 1969.

The album has not been remastered; rather, the single A- and B-side tracks have been added to the band's first album Egg as bonus material.

Track listing

Side one
 "Bulb" – 0:09
 "While Growing My Hair" – 3:53
 "I Will Be Absorbed" – 5:10
 "Fugue In D Minor" – 2:46
 "They Laughed When I sat Down At The Piano…" – 1:17
 "The Song Of McGuillicudie The Pusillanimous (or don't worry James, your socks are hanging in the coal cellar with Thomas)” – 5:07
 "Boilk" – 1:00
 "You Are All Princes" - 3:46

Side two
 "Symphony No. 2"
Movement 1 – 5:47
Movement 2 – 6:20
Blane – 8:42
Movement 4 – 4:51
 "Seven Is A Jolly Good Time" - 2:45

Personnel
 Dave Stewart – organ, piano, tone generator
 Mont Campbell – bass, vocals
 Clive Brooks – drums

References

External links
 

Egg (band) albums
1985 compilation albums
Ingo Anderbrügge

Ingo Anderbrügge (; born 2 January 1964) is a German former professional footballer who played mostly as an attacking midfielder.

Football career
Anderbrügge was born in Datteln. He started playing professionally with Borussia Dortmund, making his Bundesliga debut on 7 July 1984, in a 2–3 home loss against Borussia Mönchengladbach. After a final poor season, in 1987–88, he moved to FC Schalke 04, then in the second division. In his first three years, he netted a total of 36 league goals, eventually gaining promotion in 1991.

A regular fixture on the team during the next six years, with the UEFA Cup conquest in 1996–97, his only professional accolade (he netted his penalty shootout attempt in the final against F.C. Internazionale Milano), Anderbrügge could only manage however 33 appearances from 1997 to 2000, and retired after a brief spell with Sportfreunde Siegen, in the third level, having totalled 53 goals in 292 first division contests (397/89 in all three levels).

In March 2008, Anderbrügge began his professional manager career, in the same division where he finished his playing activity, with SV Wacker Burghausen – he had previously managed amateurs SpVgg Erkenschwick and VfB Hüls in Westphalia.

Other ventures
After retiring as a player, and before he started coaching, Anderbrügge played two seasons as a placekicker for NFL Europe team Rhein Fire.

He also founded a football school and, in March 2009, was appointed technical director of the Deutsches Fußball Internat, a boarding school for youths.

Anderbrügge currently works as a pundit and analyst for German TV channel Sport1.

Honours
Schalke 04
 UEFA Cup: 1996–97

References

External links

 
  

1964 births
Living people
People from Datteln
Footballers from Münster (region)
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Borussia Dortmund players
FC Schalke 04 players
Sportfreunde Siegen players
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
German football managers
German players of American football
Rhein Fire players
SV Wacker Burghausen managers
Footballers who switched code
American football placekickers
SpVgg Erkenschwick players
UEFA Cup winning players
VfB Hüls managers
West German men's footballers
Joseph Hopkins Peyton

Joseph Hopkins Peyton (May 20, 1808 – November 11, 1845) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's eighth district in the United States House of Representatives.

Biography
Born on May 20, 1808, in Gallatin, Tennessee, Peyton accomplished preparatory studies and graduated from college in 1837. He studied and practiced medicine. He was the brother of Balie Peyton. He married Mary Elizabeth Hatton in 1841. They had two children before she died in November 1812.

Career
Peyton held various local offices and was elected as a member of the Tennessee Senate in 1840. He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses. He served from March 4, 1843, until his death on November 11, 1845.

Death
Peyton died on November 11, 1845, near Gallatin, Tennessee, and is interred at the family burying ground near Gallatin.

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

External links

1808 births
1845 deaths
Tennessee state senators
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
19th-century American legislators
People from Gallatin, Tennessee
Adidas Fevernova

The Adidas Fevernova is a football manufactured by German corporation Adidas. It was the official match ball of the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in South Korea and Japan and 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup held in United States. Its styling marked a departure from the traditional Tango ball design.

The ball was composed of 11 layers and was 3-mm thick, including a special foam layer with gas filled balloon imbedded in a syntactic foram. The outer cover was made from a combination of polyurethane and rubber.

History 
The Fevernova's colouring parted from the Tango's style of three-pointed shapes connecting each hexagon, instead introducing a different, triangle-like shape on four hexagons. This colourful and revolutionary look and colour usage was entirely based on Asian culture (the dark gold trigon resembles a tomoe and the red streaks on its angles resemble calligraphy brush strokes). It also featured a refined syntactic foam layer, to give the ball superior performance characteristics, and a three-layer knitted chassis, allowing for a more precise and predictable flight path.

This ball was notoriously criticised for being too light, yet some spectacular goals were scored with it during the tournament. The ball was also blamed for a number of upsets that happened in the knockout stages.

The ball was used in home matches during the 2002–03 Bundesliga for Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayern Munich, Hansa Rostock, 1. FC Nürnberg and Schalke 04 and was further used during the 2003–04 Bundesliga by Leverkusen, SC Freiburg, Bayern Munich, Hansa Rostock and Schalke.

A new version of the ball was manufactured for the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup.

It was also used in the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2004 African Cup of Nations.

References

Fevernova
Fevernova
Products introduced in 2002
Scedu Tender Readiness Toolkit

The Scedu (Sheffield Community Enterprise Development Unit) Tender Readiness Toolkit was released in March 2006 as a practical resource for social enterprises looking at procurement.

The Tender Readiness Toolkit was adopted by many leading social enterprises since its launch, and received warm backing from across the public sector and social enterprise sector nationally and locally in South Yorkshire.

Background

The issue of procurement was particularly important in South Yorkshire as many mainstream funding opportunities were diminishing with the end of the Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) and the European Union's expansion leading to a decrease in Objective 1 Structural funds.

Sheffield City Council approved a report in April 2004 entitled A policy for the expansion of opportunities for social enterprises through public procurement and planning policies which outlined the council's ambition for a mixed economy of provision through procurement:

"A thriving social enterprise sector in the city is also a mechanism for bringing excluded groups into the labour market, raising skill levels and increasing future employability, which in turn improves the quality of life for the individuals concerned and their families and helps to secure the sustainability of communities."

This built upon Central Government's The National Procurement Strategy for Local Government (2003) which spelt out that effective procurement would help local authorities to achieve their Community/City Plan objectives.

What it did

The Scedu Tender Readiness Toolkit differed from the likes of the DTI's 2003 report Public procurement: a toolkit for social enterprises, in that it offered a practical solution for social enterprises and voluntary and community organisations to assess their options, benchmark their current status, set development targets, and find contract opportunities.  It was produced in cd-rom format and was specifically designed to be easy and practical for people to use.

Tools of the trade award

The Tender Readiness Toolkit won a Tools of the Trade award  run by BURA(the British Urban Regeneration Association) in June 2007.  The judges marked the Toolkit against components identified by Sir John Egan as those of a sustainable community.  The judges commented "An excellent piece of work with accessible documentation and a staged process which allows for progression through the process of getting an organisation in the kind of shape needed to tender as well as writing up the content of a tender."

Version 2

An updated version of the Tender Readiness Toolkit was released in July 2007, termed V2, and containing new tools, updated links, and more information about social enterprise and public sector procurement.

External links
Scedu Tender Readiness Toolkit
DTI
Sheffield City Council
Featured in  Yorkshire Forward's Inform magazine page 5 July 2006 edition

Social entrepreneurship
Economy of Sheffield
Duke of Lodi

The title of Conte di Magenta was created on 30 December 1619 for Don Luigi Melzi, of a Milanese patrician family. His descendant Gaspare, eighth Count, married Maria Teresa d'Eril, daughter and heiress of the Marchese de Fuente Sagrada, and their descendants adopted the name Melzi d'Eril. Francesco Melzi d'Eril, ninth Count, was made Vice-President of the Italian Republic under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802, and Grand Chancellor of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1805. On 20 December 1807 he was created Duca di Lodi by Napoleon in his capacity as King of Italy. The Duke was childless, and adopted as his heir his nephew Giovanni Francesco. On his death he was succeeded as tenth Count by his brother Luigi. The Emperor of Austria, as King of Lombardy–Venetia after the Congress of Vienna, recognised the comital title of Magenta in 1816, but did not recognise the Napoleonic dukedom of Lodi. However, Giovanni was given the title of Duca Melzi on 5 September 1818. His son Lodovico, twelfth Count of Magenta, reassumed the title of Duca di Lodi in 1859. The titles of Duca di Lodi and Conte di Magenta were recognised for his successors by ministerial decrees of the new Kingdom of united Italy dated 1890, 1913 and 1939. While there are still heirs to these titles, they were unrecognized after 1948 along with all other Italian noble titles.

Conte di Magenta (1619)

Luigi Melzi, 1st Conte di Magenta (1554–1629)
Francesco Melzi, 2nd Conte di Magenta (1585–1630)
Lodovico Melzi, 3rd Conte di Magenta (1594–1649)
Sforza Melzi, 4th Conte di Magenta (1629–1688)
Luigi Francesco Melzi, 5th Conte di Magenta (1631–1702)
Sforza Lodovico Melzi, 6th Conte di Magenta (1662–1734)
Francesco Melzi, 7th Conte di Magenta (1699–1777)
Gaspare Melzi d'Eril, 8th Conte di Magenta (1719–1777)
Francesco Melzi d'Eril, 9th Conte di Magenta, 1st Duca di Lodi (1753–1816)
Luigi Melzi d'Eril, 10th Conte di Magenta (1755–1821)
Giovanni Francesco Melzi d'Eril, 11th Conte di Magenta (1788–1832), he had succeeded as titular 2nd Duca di Lodi in 1816 and the titles thereafter remained united.

Duca di Lodi (1807)
Francesco Melzi d'Eril, 1st Duca di Lodi, 9th Conte di Magenta (1753–1816)
Giovanni Francesco Melzi d'Eril, titular 2nd Duca di Lodi, 11th Conte di Magenta (1788–1832)
Lodovico Melzi d'Eril, titular 3rd Duca di Lodi, 12th Conte di Magenta (1820–1886)
Giovanni Melzi d'Eril, 4th Duca di Lodi, 13th Conte di Magenta (1825–1905)
Francesco Melzi d'Eril, 5th Duca di Lodi, 14th Conte di Magenta (1849–1935)
Benigno Melzi d'Eril, 6th Duca di Lodi, 15th Conte di Magenta (1879–1937)
Lodovico Melzi d'Eril, 7th Duca di Lodi, 16th Conte di Magenta (1906–1994) by courtesy .
Benigno Melzi d'Eril, 8th Duca di Lodi, 17th Conte di Magenta (born 1939) by courtesy

Sources

 http://www.sardimpex.com/melzi/melzi2.htm
 http://www.sardimpex.com/melzi/melzi3.htm

 
 
Lodi, Dukes of
1807 establishments in italy
Leverett Saltonstall I

Leverett Saltonstall (June 13, 1783 – May 8, 1845), was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts who also served as Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, President of the Massachusetts Senate, the first Mayor of Salem, Massachusetts and a Member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College.

Saltonstall was a great-grandfather of Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Senator Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979).

Early life and education
Saltonstall was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, June 13, 1783 as a member of the Saltonstall family. He pursued classical studies, attending Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, and was graduated from Harvard University in 1802. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar association and commenced practice in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1805.

Salem City Hall
Salem City Hall was built in 1837–1838 under the supervision of Mayor Leverett Saltonstall and a committee appointed for that purpose. The cornerstone was laid on September 6, 1837. Artifacts buried beneath the cornerstone included copies of local newspapers, the Mayor's speech for the organization of City Government (May 9, 1836), and the new City Charter.

Estate of Simon Forrester
Saltonstall, his brother-in-law Dudley Leavitt Pickman and Nathaniel Bowditch all acted as trustees of the estate of Simon Forrester, a ship captain born in Ireland who became one of pioneers of Salem merchant shipping and one of Salem's leading merchants and philanthropists.

Positions and offices
A delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention in 1820.
An unsuccessful candidate for election to the 17th United States Congress in 1820.
A member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1813, 1814, 1816, 1822, 1829, 1834, and 1844.
Served in the Massachusetts Senate, 1817–1819, 1831, and 1832, and was President of the Massachusetts Senate in 1831 and 1832.
Elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1824.
The first mayor of Salem, serving 1836–1837.
Elected as a Whig to the 25th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Stephen C. Phillips, and then reelected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving from December 5, 1838, to March 3, 1843.
Chairman for the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Twenty-sixth Congress).
Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-seventh Congress).
Unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-eighth Congress.
Overseer of Harvard University, 1835–1845.

Death and burial
Leverett Saltonstall died in Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts, May 8, 1845, and rests in Harmony Grove Cemetery.

References

Bibliography
 

Massachusetts state senators
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University alumni
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Politicians from Haverhill, Massachusetts
Mayors of Salem, Massachusetts
1783 births
1845 deaths
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians
Burials at Harmony Grove Cemetery
Saltonstall

Saltonstall may refer to:

People
Richard Saltonstall (mayor) (1517–1600), skinner and Lord Mayor of London
Richard Saltonstall (1586–1661), colonist and nephew of the above Richard
Wye Saltonstall (born 1602), English poet and translator, grandson of Lord Mayor Richard
Nathaniel Saltonstall (1639–1707), Massachusetts judge during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692
Gurdon Saltonstall (1666–1724), governor of Connecticut Colony
Nathaniel Saltonstall (American Revolution) (1727–1807), captain of Connecticut naval privateer ships during the American Revolutionary War
Dudley Saltonstall (1738–1796), captain in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War
Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford (1764–1831), New York congressman
Leverett Saltonstall I (1783–1845), Massachusetts politician
Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard (1802–1886), Chicago businessman
Richard Saltonstall Greenough (1819–1904), sculptor
Lavena Saltonstall (1881–1957), English suffragette and writer
Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979), Republican Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Senator
Elizabeth Saltonstall (1900–1990), American painter and lithographer

Other uses
Lake Saltonstall (disambiguation)
Mount Saltonstall, in the Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica
Saltonstall Mountain or Saltonstall Ridge, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.

See also
Saltonstall family
Lonquimay

Lonquimay is a town and commune in the Malleco Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region.

Transport 
It is the terminus of an abandoned  broad gauge railway project which supporters cited as the most practical railway route through the Andes to Argentina, but which lacks a link between Lonquimay and Zapala in Argentina; revival of the project was announced in 2005 and progress begun within Chile.  The line includes Chile's longest tunnel measuring .

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Lonquimay spans an area of  and has 10,237 inhabitants (5,414 men and 4,823 women). Of these, 3,435 (33.6%) lived in urban areas and 6,802 (66.4%) in rural areas. The population grew by 12.5% (1,138 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Lonquimay is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Guillermo Vásquez Veroiza (PPD).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Lonquimay is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Enrique Estay (UDI) and Fuad Chahín (PDC) as part of the 49th electoral district, together with Victoria, Curacautín, Melipeuco, Vilcún, Lautaro, Perquenco and Galvarino. The commune is represented in the Senate by Alberto Espina Otero (RN) and Jaime Quintana Leal (PPD) as part of the 14th senatorial constituency (Araucanía-North).

Geography

Climate 

Located in the Andes, at  above sea level, Lonquimay has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm, or a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) using the -3 °C (27 °F) isotherm for the coldest month, with an average annual precipitation of . Summers have warm days and chilly to cool nights. Winters are chilly and wetter, with heavy snowfall. This climate favors winter sports, and at the foot of the Lonquimay is The Corralco Mountain and Ski Resort. This climate is described by the Köppen climate classification as Dfb.

See also 
 Icalma Lake
 Galletué Lake
 Trans-Andean Railways

References 

 Tramz

External links 
  Municipality of Lonquimay

19th-century fortifications in Chile
Communes of Chile
Populated places in Malleco Province
Plateaus of the Andes
Plateaus of Chile
W.I.T.C.H. (video game)

W.I.T.C.H. is a platform game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Climax Studios and released in Europe on 7 October 2005 by Buena Vista Games. The game was not released outside of Europe. 

Although the box art resembles the look of the characters in the comic book, the game's storyline and graphics are based on season 1 of the animated television series adaptation of the same name.

Plot
The game starts with Hay Lin, one of the five main protagonists, having a vision. The W.I.T.C.H. Guardians Will, Irma, Taranee, Cornelia, and Hay Lin embark on a mission to defeat the series' antagonist, Prince Phobos.

Gameplay
The game is divided into chapters, in which there are stages. Each Guardian has the ability to fly as well as two unique elemental powers. Players are able to switch between the Guardians at any time (Will is the default guardian). Players can also combine the powers of any two guardians except Will to destroy all enemies on screen. However, using elemental powers and flying drains energy from the Heart of Kandrakar meter displayed at the top of the screen, above the health meter. Likewise, when characters endure damage bars from the health meter are lost. Caleb is also playable in more action-oriented levels. He can use a sword and longbow. Blunk is a non-player character who trades useful items for something he wants. Needed items can be stored in the inventory. The game has 20 levels in total. After beating the game, the player unlocks Kandrakar Mode, which allows each Guardian to use her abilities without drawing power from the Power Meter and gives Caleb unlimited arrows.

Reception
Nintendo-x2.com gave it a rating of 6.5. French game review website Jeuxvideo.com gave it 8/20.

References

2005 video games
Disney video games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Action games
Platformers
Magical girl video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games based on comics
W.I.T.C.H.
Thurso East

Thurso East (alternatively, the North Shore) is a coastline section of the Atlantic  east of Thurso, Caithness, northern Scotland. It is situated at the mouth of the River Thurso, overlooked by the remains of Thurso Castle. The reef is made of layers of Caithness flagstone (the same stone that paves the Strand and much of Paris). It is Scotland's prime surfing venue on the north coast.

Surfing
Thurso East is a fast reef break and has hosted many international competitions. The reef holds swell from  upwards of  and is primarily a long walling right-hander with several barrel sections depending on tide and swell direction. Thurso East came into the spotlight in 2006 when it was used to host the inaugural O'Neill Highland Open WQS surfing competition. The event was won by British surfer Russell Winter. From 2006 to 2011 O’Neill sponsored an international surf contest at this location which was latterly called the Coldwater Classic and the event regularly attracted big name surfers. In 2012 O'Neill announced that it wouldn't be renewing their sponsorship deal, in order to direct resources elsewhere.

See also 
 Thurso Flagstone

References

See also
Glossary of surfing

Caithness
Surfing locations in Scotland
Scottish coast
Thurso
Kátia Lund

Kátia Lund (born March 13, 1966) is a Brazilian film director and screenwriter. Her most notable work was as co-director of the film City of God.

Early life
Lund was born in São Paulo, to American parents who emigrated to Brazil before she was born. She graduated from Escola Maria Imaculada, an American Catholic school in São Paulo where she excelled in art. She then attended Brown University, where she became interested in filmmaking.

Career
After she graduated magna cum laude, she landed jobs as an assistant director on many music videos, commercials and films. Having grown up in a middle-class family, she had little knowledge of the plight of those living in Rio de Janeiro's favelas. Then, she was hired to work on the Spike Lee-directed music video for Michael Jackson's "They Don't Care About Us" which was filmed in a favela. The experience opened her eyes and she became determined to make films about the dwellers of these poor neighborhoods to help raise social consciousness in Brazil. She has caused controversy for her friendship with, and admiration for, deceased Brazilian drug dealer Marcinho VP.

Lund oversees an organization called Nós do Cinema (We of Cinema), which began with the young people from the cast of City of God who are real dwellers of Rio's favelas. Lund initially started her non-profit acting school to find the cast for City of God. Nós do Cinema offers courses and job opportunities in films to poor children and holds screenings and discussions that help to raise social consciousness through film. She also directed a segment of the film All the Invisible Children.

Filmography

Awards and nominations
In 1996, she began work on the documentary Notícias de uma Guerra Particular (News of a Private War), an exploration of the ongoing battle between the favelas' heavily armed drug dealers (many of whom are small children) and Rio de Janeiro's police. It was released in 1999 to critical acclaim and was nominated for an Emmy after airing on PBS. The success of the film made her an in-demand director of music videos for Brazil's hip-hop artists. She won numerous MTV Video Music Awards Latin America.

In 2001, Lund was invited by Fernando Meirelles to co-direct Golden Gate (Palace II), a short film about two young boys in a favela. The film won several awards in film festivals all over the world.  Lund and Meirelles continued their collaboration with the film City of God which received international acclaim and was nominated for four Academy Awards including best director (Lund was not nominated, only Meirelles received recognition from the academy).  The success of that film was the springboard for the television series City of Men, a continuation of the story told in Golden Gate. Lund produced the show with Meirelles and directed four episodes. The show was a major hit in Brazil.

Notes

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
Mass media people from São Paulo
Brazilian people of American descent
Brazilian film directors
Brazilian screenwriters
Brazilian women film directors
Brazilian women screenwriters
Brown University alumni
Alvan Cullom

Alvan Cullom (September 4, 1797 – July 20, 1877) was an American politician that represented Tennessee's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives.

Biography
Cullom was born in Monticello, Kentucky, on September 4, 1797. He received a liberal schooling, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1823, and commenced practice in Monroe, Overton County, Tennessee. He married Susan Jones and they had seven children.

Career
Cullom was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1835 and 1836. He was elected as a Democrat to the 28th and 29th Congresses. He served from March 4, 1843, until March 3, 1847.

After resuming the practice of law, Cullom served as the circuit judge of the fourth judicial circuit of Tennessee from 1850 to 1852. He was a member of the peace convention in 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to prevent the impending war. He was the brother of William Cullom and uncle of Shelby Moore Cullom.

Death
Cullom died in Livingston, Tennessee, on July 20, 1877 (age 79 years, 319 days). He is interred in Bethlehem Cemetery near Livingston.

References

External links

Democratic Party members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
1797 births
1877 deaths
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
19th-century American politicians
People from Monticello, Kentucky
People from Overton County, Tennessee
Happy to Meet – Sorry to Part

Happy to Meet – Sorry to Part is the debut album by Irish folk rock band Horslips. It was first released in Ireland in December 1972 as their début album, on their own Oats label (Oats MOO 3). Before this, they had released the same year three singles: Johnny's Wedding/Flower amang Them All and Green Gravel/Fairy King in Ireland and The High Reel/Furniture overseas. Happy to Meet – Sorry to Part was also released the following year in the United States, on the ATCO label (ATCO SD 7030). In 1973 It was also released in the United Kingdom, Germany,  and France.

The track The High Reel is included in the US release but is missing from the original Irish release. The album has been re-released multiple times; with only some releases including The High Reel .

The original Irish and US vinyl releases feature a gatefold cover, the first side of which is die-cut to reproduce the lattice work of an English concertina. An eight-page octagonal booklet is bound into the gatefold. The Irish and US releases use different front and rear photographs for the booklet, and a slightly different template for the die-cutting. Later vinyl releases, including an ATCO release later in 1973, have conventional album sleeves with a photograph of the concertina.

The album gives little information about sources. The labels on the original Irish and US releases state All compositions by Horslips, and on other releases each track is credited to the band. However, apart from Hall Of Mirrors, An Bratach Bán (The White Flag), Bím Istigh Ag Ól (I’m Inside Drinking) and Furniture, each track uses the traditional tune of the same name.	

This is widely considered to be the first Celtic rock album ever recorded. With this, Horslips took the lead in Irish music of the time and created an original mixture from traditional Irish tunes and rock music. The album's name itself is that of an Irish jig.

Track listing
"Happy to Meet" (instrumental)  – 0:48
"Hall of Mirrors"  – 5:29
"The Clergy's Lamentation" (instrumental)  – 4:39
"An Bratach Bán"  – 2:04
"The Shamrock Shore"  – 4:34
"Flower Amang Them All" (instrumental)  – 2:04
"Bím Istigh Ag Ól"  – 3:43
"Furniture"  – 5:13
"Ace and Deuce" (instrumental)  – 3:35
"Dance to Yer Daddy"  – 4:37
"The High Reel" (instrumental)  – 2:43
"Scalloway Ripoff" (instrumental)  – 1:54
"The Musical Priest" (instrumental)  – 4:33
"Sorry to Part" (instrumental)  – 1:32

Personnel 
Horslips
 Jim Lockhart - keyboards, concert flute,  tin whistles, uilleann pipes, vocals
 Johnny Fean - guitars, banjo
 Charles O'Connor - fiddle, mandolin, concertina, vocals
 Barry Devlin - bass guitar, vocals
 Eamon Carr - drums, bodhrán, percussion

References

External links 
 Horslips official site - find out how the album was recorded in an old haunted manor.

Horslips albums
1972 debut albums
Dyera costulata

Dyera costulata, the jelutong, is a species of tree in the family Apocynaceae. It grows to approximately 60 metres (200 ft) tall with diameters of 2 metres (5 to 6 ft), or even to 80 m (260 ft) tall with diameters to 3 m (10 ft), and boles clear and straight for 30 m (90 ft). It grows in Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and southern Thailand. Its natural distribution is scattered locales in low-elevation tropical evergreen forest.

In addition, jelutong can be tapped for latex and from the 1920s through the 1960s, jelutong latex was an important source of chewing gum.

Jelutong has been traditionally overharvested, and is a threatened species in many areas. It is a protected species in parts of Malaysia and Thailand. The tree is grown commercially for timber.

Sawdust from this species has been known to cause allergic dermatitis.

Uses
Jelutong is used for its wood. Along with balsa it is technically a hardwood with many properties similar to that wood. These properties such as the low density, straight grain and fine texture mean it is easy to work with and hence popular with model makers and within the patternmaking trade. The roots are used as a cork substitute.

References

Further reading
Meding, B., A.T. Karlberg and M. Ahman. (1996). Wood dust from jelutong (Dyera costulata) causes contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 34(5):349-53.
Photos of latex harvest

Rauvolfioideae
Least concern plants
Trees of Thailand
Flora of Malesia
Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel
American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist

The American Music Award for Favorite Female Artist – Country has been awarded since 1974. Years reflect the year in which the awards were presented, for works released in the previous year (until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year). The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with 11 wins stretching across three decades. McEntire was also the first woman to win the award eight years in a row.

Winners and nominees

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Category facts

Multiple wins

 11 wins
 Reba McEntire

 8 wins
 Carrie Underwood

 7 wins
 Taylor Swift

 5 wins
 Barbara Mandrell

 4 wins
 Faith Hill

 3 wins
 Crystal Gayle
 Shania Twain

 2 wins
 Loretta Lynn
 Olivia Newton-John

Most consecutive wins

 8 wins
 Reba McEntire
 6 wins
 Taylor Swift
 Carrie Underwood

 3 wins
 Barbara Mandrell

Multiple nominations

 15 nominations
 Reba McEntire
 Carrie Underwood

 10 nominations
 Miranda Lambert

 9 nominations
 Dolly Parton

 8 nominations
 Taylor Swift

 7 nominations
 Faith Hill
 Barbara Mandrell
 Martina McBride

 6 nominations
 Crystal Gayle
 Loretta Lynn
 Shania Twain

 5 nominations
 Maren Morris
 Tanya Tucker

 4 nominations
 Kelsea Ballerini
 Anne Murray

 3 nominations
 Mary Chapin Carpenter
 Wynonna Judd
 Lorrie Morgan
 LeAnn Rimes
 Gretchen Wilson

 2 nominations
 Gabby Barrett
 Rosanne Cash
 Sara Evans
 Emmylou Harris
 Kathy Mattea
 Jo Dee Messina
 Kacey Musgraves
 Olivia Newton-John
 K. T. Oslin
 Linda Ronstadt
 Sylvia

See also

 List of music awards honoring women

References

American Music Awards
Country music awards
Music awards honoring women
Awards established in 1974
1974 establishments in the United States
Stoned & Dethroned

Stoned & Dethroned is the fifth studio album by the Scottish alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain. After spending most of 1992 touring, including a slot on that year's Lollapalooza tour, the band went into the studio during January 1993 with the notion of recording an acoustic album. For the first time since Psychocandy, JAMC recorded with a full band with Steve Monti from Curve playing drums and touring bassist Ben Lurie. The recording took longer than planned, lasting the better part of a year. The album also features lead vocals from guests Shane MacGowan from The Pogues on "God Help Me" and Mazzy Star's Hope Sandoval, singing a duet with Jim Reid on "Sometimes Always", which was the album's first single.

As of May 1998 the album has sold 121,000 copies in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Track listing
All songs written by William Reid, except where noted.

"Dirty Water" – 3:08
"Bullet Lovers" – 3:39
"Sometimes Always" – 2:32
"Come On" (J. Reid) – 2:13
"Between Us" – 2:59
"Hole" (Jim Reid) – 2:15
"Never Saw It Coming" – 3:32
"She" (Jim Reid) – 3:08
"Wish I Could" – 2:42
"Save Me" (J. Reid, W. Reid) – 2:43
"Till It Shines" – 3:17
"God Help Me" – 2:47
"Girlfriend" – 3:16
"Everybody I Know" – 2:13
"You've Been a Friend" (J. Reid) – 3:37
"These Days" – 2:31
"Feeling Lucky" – 2:18

Personnel

The Jesus and Mary Chain
 Jim Reid – vocals (tracks 1 – 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 – 15), guitar, bass (tracks 6, 12, 13,  14), shaker (track 17),  production
 William Reid – vocals (tracks 5, 7, 9 - 11, 16, 17), guitar, bass (track 17), production
 Ben Lurie – guitar, harmonica, organ, bass
 Steve Monti – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 Hope Sandoval – vocals (track 3) 
 Shane MacGowan – vocals (track 12)
 Alan Moulder – engineer (tracks 1, 2, 9, 11, 14), mixing (tracks 1, 2, 7, 9, 13, 14)
 Dick Meaney – engineer (tracks 3 to 8, 10, 12, 13, 15 to 17), mixing (tracks 3 to 6, 8, 10 to 12, 15 to 17)
 Stylorouge – design
 Sophie Muller – photography

References

The Jesus and Mary Chain albums
1994 albums
Blanco y Negro Records albums
Opus One

Opus One may refer to:

 "Opus No. 1", a tune by Sy Oliver and Sid Garris
"Opus Number One", a composition known for its use as music on hold
Opus 1 (album), by Yugoslav progressive rock band Opus
 Opus One Winery, United States
 An alternative title for the 1971 demo versions of Mike Oldfield's 1973 album, Tubular Bells

See also
Opus number, numbers assigned to musical compositions
Smitham

Smitham is the small lumps of ore which free miners scavenged because they were exempt from payment of lot and cope duties. This practice was brought to an end in 1760 when the Duke of Devonshire challenged the practice in chancery on the basis that mine owners were breaking larger lumps down to avoid taxation.

Smitham rhymes with rhythm and together they are the only ɪðəm perfect rhymes.

References

History of mining in the United Kingdom
Alien Breed: Tower Assault

Alien Breed: Tower Assault is run and gun video game, the third in the Alien Breed franchise. Like the first two games in the series, it is a science fiction-themed, top-down shooter. It was released in 1994 by Team17 for the Amiga, PC and CD32.

Story
A deep space barracks receives a distress signal from a science facility on an otherwise uninhabited planet. With no idea what to expect, a small troop of soldiers are sent to search the planet for survivors and neutralize any threat.

Once the ships near the facility, however, automated security lasers begin attacking, picking the ships off one by one. Only two soldiers survive, crash-landing in the outer perimeter of the facility. The player takes control of the characters there as the game begins.

Gameplay 
The game engine is a modified version of that used in Alien Breed II: The Horror Continues. One significant change is the inclusion of multiple exits for each level, making Alien Breed: Tower Assault much less linear than its predecessorsthe blurb on the back of the box boasts more than 276 possible ways of completing the game.

Other improvements include Retreat Mode, which allows the player to shoot one's weapon and walk backwards at the same time, although at a slightly slower speed.

Format variations 
There are significant differences between the versions of the game released across different formats.

Amiga version 
The Amiga version is spread across three 3.5" floppy disks in original protected form (disks are RobNorthen PDOS protected, each one using longtracks with 12 sectors per track and 980 KB per disk), while the cracked version in the AmigaDOS disk standard is spread over four disks. Once installed on a hard drive, either in ECS or AGA version, the executable checks from where the game is launched, and if it detects a launch from the hard drive, it will ask for the original Disk 1 (this is the copy protection when installed).

CD32 version 
This version adds on a full motion video intro and the AGA version of The Horror Continues.

PC version 
There were two versions of Tower Assault for the PC: a floppy version and a CD-ROM version. Both were ported by East Point Software.

The floppy version is quite different from the Amiga release, since it doesn't retain the non-linear architecture of the levels.

The CD-ROM version retains the non-linear level structure as well as the FMV intro and outro sequences from the CD32 version. However, it does not include Alien Breed II, contrary to the claim on the packaging.

References

External links

1994 video games
Alien Breed
Amiga 1200 games
Amiga CD32 games
Amiga games
Cooperative video games
DOS games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Promethean Designs games
Run and gun games
Science fiction video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games scored by Allister Brimble
American Music Award for Favorite Country Band/Duo/Group

The American Music Award for Favorite Duo or Group – Country has been awarded since 1974. Years reflect the year in which the awards were presented, for works released in the previous year (until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year). The all-time winner in this category is Alabama with 17 wins.

Winners and nominees

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Category facts

Multiple wins

 17 wins
 Alabama

 5 wins
 Brooks & Dunn

 4 wins
 Dan + Shay
 Florida Georgia Line
 Lady Antebellum
 Rascal Flatts

 3 wins
 The Statler Brothers
 Conway Twitty and Loretta Lynn

 2 wins
 Dixie Chicks

Multiple nominations

 18 nominations
 Alabama

 17 nominations
 Brooks & Dunn

 12 nominations
 The Statler Brothers

 9 nominations
 Florida Georgia Line
 The Oak Ridge Boys

 8 nominations
 Rascal Flatts
 Zac Brown Band

 7 nominations
 The Judds
 Lady Antebellum

 6 nominations
 Old Dominion

 5 nominations
 Dan + Shay
 Dixie Chicks

 4 nominations
 Conway Twitty and Loretta Lynn
 Lonestar

 3 nominations
 George Jones and Tammy Wynette

 2 nominations
 The Band Perry
 Big & Rich
 BlackHawk
 Little Big Town
 Little Texas
 Willie Nelson 
 Marie Osmond 
 Kenny Rogers 
 Sawyer Brown
 Sugarland

References

American Music Awards
Country music awards
Awards established in 1974
1974 establishments in the United States
Frida Uhl

Maria Friederike Cornelia "Frida" Strindberg (née Uhl; 4 April 1872 – 28 June 1943) was an Austrian writer and translator, who was closely associated with many important figures in 20th-century literature.

Biography
Uhl was the daughter of Friedrich Uhl, editor of the Wiener Zeitung, and Maria Uhl (née Rieschl), a Catholic. She met August Strindberg in early 1893, when she was only 20; they soon married and she at once tried to organize a production of his work in England, and took his financial affairs in hand. They had a daughter, Kerstin. Strindberg did not approve of the active role Frida was taking in his business affairs, and the marriage ended in divorce in 1895. 

Frank Wedekind was the father of Frida's second child Friedrich. She sent her children to be cared for by her parents. With a later lover, the poet Hanns Heinz Ewers, she started the first German cabaret in 1900. She was closely involved with several writers of the Young Vienna movement, such as the poet Peter Altenberg for whom she organized a subscription, and the journalist Karl Kraus, whom she convinced to sponsor a reading of Wedekind's Pandora's Box. 

Her affair with the writer Werner von Oesteren was particularly stormy. She threatened him on two separate occasions with a revolver. Details of this relationship were made public in 1905 when she sued him for harassing a detective she had hired to follow him.

In 1908 she fired a gun in a Viennese hotel on New Year's Day.  It is unclear whether this was a suicide attempt; she had recently written a number of suicide notes. The event caused a great scandal as Prince Fugger-Babenhausen was a guest at the party. She fled to London.  

On 26 June 1912, she opened The Cave of the Golden Calf, a nightclub decorated by Wyndham Lewis, Charles Ginner, and Spencer Gore. Ezra Pound complimented her on her acumen. Other frequent guests of the establishment included Katherine Mansfield, Ford Madox Ford, and Augustus John.

In 1914, she left for the United States, where she quickly secured a job with Fox Film.

In 1937, she published the memoir Marriage with Genius.

She spent her last years in her family's summer residence at Mondsee and died there at the age of 71 in 1943.

References
 Monica Strauss, Cruel Banquet: The Life and Loves of Frida Strindberg, Harcourt, New York, 2000
 Eivor Martinus, Strindberg and Love Amber Lane Press, 2001.

Footnotes

1872 births
1943 deaths
Austrian women writers
Young Vienna
Strindberg family
Writers from Austria-Hungary