alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Muniandi

Muniandi, also referred to as Munisvaran, is a Tamil rural guardian deity of plantations and estates, who has since been assimilated with Hinduism.  He is regarded as a malevolent being who causes diseases, blights, and crop failures, who whose ill-will can be prevented by human veneration. He is also recognised as a divine attendant to a major South Indian rural deity, Mariamman.

Etymology
The word Muniandi is a combination of two words, Muni and Andi. The word Andi could be defined in two ways. One referring to slave of God and the other ruling (as in ruler). The second explanation could be derived from the word Andavar, which literally means he who rules. The reason for this explanation is the word Andi being used for other deities in the Tamil pantheon.

Literature

They are actually a Shiva Ganas they are associated with Shiva and it is believed that they actually they came from Shiva's face in 7 forms and then they promise Shiva that they'll protect the holy spirits because of this they guards Mariamman and other Dravidian goddesses.

Worship

Tree Worship (Maram Vallipadu) 
The trees as such as Banyan (Ala Maram), Sacred Fig (Arasa Maram) and Palmyra (Pana Maram) are believed to be the gateways used by the Munis to travel between different dimensions. The Munis are also believed to reside in such trees. Tree Worship is the oldest form of Muni worship.

Stone Worship (Nadukkal Vallipadu) 
The Stone Worship was mentioned even during Tamil Sangam ages more than 2,500 years ago. Nadukkal or Veerarkal (for warriors) were planted to commemorate the death of someone important. In the Muni worship, it can be divided to either a single stone or three stones (or bricks), decorated with Saivite sacred ash (vibuthi) marks, sandal paste (santhanam) and saffron paste (kungkumam). A trident (soolam) is planted as a mark of Sivan and Shakti.

Statue worship (Uruvam Vallipadu) 
This is the most contemporary form of worship. Statues are erected and decorated to help the devotee visualise on the Muni. Other insignias such as sickle (aruval), sword and mace will be used depending on the type of Muni.

Worship outside India
The deity is also popular amongst the Tamil diaspora outside Tamil Nadu. In Malaysia, Muniandi worship was started by Tamil migrants who had the Munis as their Kula Deivam. The family temples which were built in the estates and villages later turned into public temples. Eventually, more people started worshipping these Munis and it became popularised.

References

 
Muneeswaran Poojai - Pon.Moorthy
Muniswaran Vallipaadu - Murugan Poosari

Tamil deities
Regional Hindu gods
Hindu folk deities
Melody Perkins

Melody Perkins (born January 28, 1974) is an American actress, model and dancer. She is known for her regular role as the villainess later turned heroine Astronema/Karone in Power Rangers in Space, and became the Pink Ranger in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy.

Early life and education
Perkins was born in Wiesbaden, West Germany and grew up in Sacramento, California, graduating from Foothill Highschool in 1995. Her major in college was quantitative economics.

Career
An accomplished dancer, Perkins has performed with the Sacramento Ballet Company and the Jazz Unlimited Dance Company. She also models, with clients which include Lands' End. She broke into acting during a modelling trip to Europe, making commercials in Italy and France.  Nevertheless, she has not abandoned modelling entirely, saying, "I still do it when I can."

As an actress, Perkins's longest-running role was in the Power Rangers franchise. She played the lead villainess Astronema in Power Rangers in Space. She said of the role: "It's fun being the bad girl." Perkins returned as the reformed Karone in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy. She replaced Valerie Vernon (who left to battle leukemia) as the Pink Galaxy Ranger. She is the only person to have played the Power Rangers' arch-enemy in one season and a Power Ranger in the next season. Perkins also voiced a monster in Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue.

Perkins has also appeared as the babysitter Patty Henderson in Malcolm in the Middle, an evil witch in Charmed, and in episodes of various other series.  She has also appeared in a commercial for Allstate Insurance. Perkins retired from acting after she made a brief appearance in an episode of CSI: Miami in 2004.

In 2007, Perkins appeared on a cover for Let's Live magazine.

Perkins has recently returned to acting, reprising her role as Karone in the final episode of Power Rangers Super Megaforce, which aired in November 2014. Along with other past and current Power Rangers cast members, she makes regular appearances at various sci-fi/comic cons.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1974 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Sacramento, California
American film actresses
American television actresses
Emigrants from West Germany to the United States
Living people
People from Wiesbaden
William Crampton Library

The William Crampton Library, so named in honour of Dr William Crampton, founder of the Flag Institute, is the United Kingdom's largest single library devoted to the subject of vexillology.

Opened by the Lord Mayor of Kingston upon Hull and William's daughter Elanor in May 1999, The William Crampton library of the Flag Institute was originally located in the James Ricket Library Building in Hull. In November 2006 it moved premises to the Hull Business Centre Building. It is available for use by members of the Institute by prior appointment with the librarian.

The library collection contains books on flags and associated topics, sets of flag magazines and journals from other vexillological societies, posters, wallcharts, and actual flags numbering over 40,000 volumes.

External links
The Flag Institute

Buildings and structures in Kingston upon Hull
Crampton, William Library
Libraries in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Education in Kingston upon Hull
Research libraries in the United Kingdom
Finkelstein reaction

The Finkelstein reaction, named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, is an SN2 reaction (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another. It is an equilibrium reaction, but the reaction can be driven to completion by exploiting the differential solubility of halide salts, or by using a large excess of the halide salt.

R–X   +   X′−      R–X′   +   X−

Method
The classic Finkelstein reaction entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or an alkyl bromide to an alkyl iodide by treatment with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone.  Sodium iodide is soluble in acetone while sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not. The reaction is driven toward products by mass action due to the precipitation of the poorly soluble NaCl or NaBr. An example involves the conversion of the ethyl ester of 5-bromovaleric acid to the iodide:
EtO2C(CH2)4Br  +  NaI   →   EtO2C(CH2)4I + NaBr

Potassium fluoride is used for the conversion of chlorocarbons into fluorocarbons. Such reactions usually employ polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Use for analysis
Alkyl halides differ greatly in the ease with which they undergo the Finkelstein reaction. The reaction works well for primary (except for neopentyl) halides, and exceptionally well for allyl, benzyl, and α-carbonyl halides. Secondary halides are far less reactive. Vinyl, aryl and tertiary alkyl halides are unreactive; as a result, the reaction of NaI in acetone can be used as a qualitative test to determine which of the aforementioned classes an unknown alkyl halide belongs to, with the exception of alkyl iodides, as they yield the same product upon substitution. Below some relative rates of reaction (NaI in acetone at 60 °C):

Aromatic Finkelstein reaction
The aromatic chlorides and bromides are not easily substituted by iodide, though they may occur when appropriately catalyzed. The so-called "aromatic Finkelstein reaction" is catalyzed by copper(I) iodide in combination with diamine ligands. Nickel bromide and tri-n-butylphosphine have been found to be suitable catalysts as well.

See also
 Halex process, also a salt metathesis, but for conversion of aryl chlorides to aryl fluorides

References

Halogenation reactions
Substitution reactions
Name reactions
Chignon (hairstyle)

A chignon (, , ), from the French chignon meaning a bun, is a hairstyle characterized by wrapped hair on the back of the head. In the United States and United Kingdom, it is often used as an abbreviation of the French phrase chignon du cou, signifying a low bun worn at the nape of the neck.

Chignons are generally achieved by pinning the hair into a knot at the nape of the neck or at the back of the head, but there are many variations of the style. They are usually secured with accessories such as barrettes or hairpins. Chignons are frequently worn for special occasions, like weddings and formal dances, but the basic chignon is also worn for everyday casual wear.

History
The chignon can be traced back to ancient Greece, where Athenian women commonly wore the style with gold or ivory handcrafted hairpins. Athenian men wore the style as well, but they fastened their chignons with a clasp of "golden grasshoppers", according to The History of the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides. The chignon was specific to Athens, as other city states, such as Cyprus and Sparta, had their own styles of hairdressing. The chignon was also popular in ancient China, where married women wore the low, knotted hairstyle.

Male writers of the Victorian era, like Anthony Trollope, were fond of poking fun at the perceived absurdity of the fashion, which was much in vogue in England in the 1860s. In the 1890s, the dancer Cléo de Mérode popularized the hairstyle in France.

See also
 Bun
 Cockernonnie
 List of hairstyles

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 "History of Hair". 2004. UKHairdressers. Accessed 29 April 2007.

External links
 

19th-century fashion
Hairstyles
Lavender Cheung

Lavender Cheung (張宏艷) (born 1970 in Beijing, China) is a former news anchor of Cable TV Hong Kong of Hong Kong. Cheung graduated from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and she received Monbusho Scholarship from Japanese Government in 1995. She then attended Keio University in Japan for a master's degree in Law, majored in Political Studies.

Cheung joined Cable News Hong Kong in 1993 and left in 1995 to complete her studies in Japan. During her stay in Japan, she worked as Japanese Correspondent for Cable TV. She returned to Cable TV in 1998 and was promoted to Senior Anchor and then Chief Anchor in i-Cable News. She resigned from Cable TV in 2009 and changed to work as corporate promotion in 
the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce. After a subsequent stint at the Hong Kong Hospital Authority, she returned to the Chinese University of Hong Kong to take up the position of Director of Communications and Public Relations.

Career in CUHK 

During the 2019 Chinese University of Hong Kong conflict, Cheung once represented the students and staff negotiating with the Hong Kong Police. Agreement was once reached, but it was nevertheless overthrown by the police.

References

External links
Lavender Cheung's Blog
Lavender Cheung's Xanga Site

1970 births
Living people
People from Beijing
Hong Kong television presenters
Hong Kong women television presenters
Alumni of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Keio University alumni
Hong Kong journalists
Hong Kong women journalists
Berkey v. Third Avenue Railway Co.

Berkey v. Third Avenue Railway Co 244 N.Y. 84 (1926) is a classic veil piercing case by Judge Benjamin N. Cardozo in United States corporate law.

Facts
Minnie Berkey had an accident on a tram line operated by the Forty-second Street, etc., Railway Company. She suffered personal injury. The Third Avenue Railway owned it, along with another two corporations with street railways on different routes. Third Avenue not only owned nearly all the stock, the board of directors and executive officers were also nearly the same. Ms Berkey sued the parent, Third Avenue Railway Co, to compensate her for personal injury.

However, it was contrary to New York law at the time for one street railway company to assign its franchise to another without the Railway Commission's approval. So it was argued that a transfer in any liabilities from one to the other was an illegal contract, and therefore transfer of tort liability for Ms Berkey's personal injury was also illegal.

Judgment
The New York Court of Appeals held that the Third Avenue Railway Co was not liable for the debts of the subsidiary. The domination of the parent company over the subsidiary had to be complete for the parent company to be treated as liable for the debts of the subsidiary. It was needed that the subsidiary be merely the alter ego of the parent, or that the subsidiary be thinly capitalized, so as to perpetrate a fraud on the creditors.

Cardozo J said the following.

See also
US corporate law
Walkovszky v. Carlton, 223 N.E.2d 6 (NY 1966)
Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd
Adams v Cape Industries plc, two UK law cases which took a much more restricted approach
DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets LBC, a less restrictive UK case by Lord Denning MR.

Notes

New York (state) state case law
United States corporate case law
1927 in United States case law
1927 in New York (state)
Streetcars in New York (state)
Marcelo Birmajer

Marcelo Birmajer (born November 29, 1966 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine Jewish author. He is the grandson of Romanian, Polish, Lithuanian and Syrian immigrants. He is best known for writing the screenplay of the 2004 film El abrazo partido. Birmajer's work usually revolves around the Porteño neighbourhood of Once and its colorful inhabitants. Most stories feature Jewish characters, and he frequently uses for them the names Javier, or Mordejai/Mordechai () depending on the character's level of religious observance. He also addresses Jewish issues such as synagogue attendance, Bar Mitzvahs, and the ever present alternative to immigrate to Israel.

Other recurrent subjects are married life, especially in his series "Stories of married men" (), and the Argentine society and its crisis. Many of Birmajer's works have clear autobiographical lines, presenting a main character who is himself a writer. An important part of his bibliography, specially in his beginnings, is youth literature.

Birmajer is a frequent contributor to one or two newspapers throughout the Spanish-speaking world.

His brother, Rabbi Reuven Eduardo Birmajer, was assassinated by Palestinian terrorists in Jerusalem on 23 December 2015.

Bibliography (Partial)
 Un crimen secundario.
 Derrotado por un muerto.
 El alma al diablo.
 Un veneno saludable.
 Historias de hombres casados.
 No tan distinto.
 Nuevas historias de hombres casados.
 Últimas historias de hombres casados.
 El Once, un recorrido personal.
 Tres mosqueteros.
 El Fuego más alto.
 Hechizos de Amor.
 El Abogado del Marciano

External links
Biography and work (Spanish)

References

1966 births
Living people
Jewish Argentine writers
Argentine Jews
Argentine essayists
Male essayists
Argentine male writers
Argentine male short story writers
Argentine people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Argentine people of Polish-Jewish descent
Argentine people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Argentine people of Syrian-Jewish descent
Writers from Buenos Aires
Rimbach, Upper Palatinate

Rimbach is a municipality  in the district of Cham (district) in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria in Germany.

Rimbach is a village at the foot of the Hoher Bogen (a seven-peaked mountain ridge in the Northern Bavarian Forest National Park). In the village is the Baroque 'Church of Saint Michael' built in 1719.  The church had a major expansion in 1970 but preserved the Baroque carvings on the main altar and side altars.  Within the church grounds is the ‘Old Church’, built in 1438 with its carvings and altars. And is still used for small services (it seats about 36 individuals).

This village holds on to the traditional customs and culture of the Bavarian Forest Area. There are many organized groups that maintain the native dress, dancing, songs, and the traditional musical instruments from the area. Every Fall there is a “High Garden Fest”(not a ‘beer tent’ or Om-Pa-Pa Fest) to celebrate these cultural treasures of music and song.

There are numerous hiking trails within this area of the National Forest. One hike is to the castle-ruin property of the Earls Preysing, arena of the Erzählung. This area was the inspiration of “The Maiden of Lichtenegg" by the forest poet Maximilian Schmidt. This castle-ruin was used as a watchtower to protect the area from the advancing Swedes during the 16th century. In late July, an outdoor, annual 'Folk Play' is held at outdoor stage area next to the Ruin that tells the story of "The Maiden of Lichtenegg".

Two other hikes to the top of the mountain are to the antenna area for German TV broadcasting at the peak called Burgstall.  This relay station brought broadcast TV to a remote area of German and provided news and educational content to Western Bohemia over the "Iron Curtain" during the Cold War. From this location, one can hike to the other end of the mountain ridge to the peak named Eckstein. It also has a Cold War history, since it was the site of German, French and American Signal Intelligence operations (since closed in the 1990s) that were directed over the Czech Border (3.5 miles to the East).

References

External links
Official website (German)

Cham (district)
Rebecca Chan

Rebecca Chan Sau Chu (born October 20, 1958) is a Hong Kong actress best known for her works with the television network TVB such as hit series War and Beauty where she played the main villain. She joined TVB in 1979, when she competed at the Miss Hong Kong 1979 pageant. She finished as a top 10 semifinalist. She left TVB in 1990, rejoined in 1995 and left again in July 2020.

Filmography

Variety show (TVB)
1981: Sports World TVB
1983: Enjoy Yourself Tonight (EYT)
1989: 10 Anniversary of Guangzhou Chinese New Year Celebration

References

External links 
 

1958 births
Living people
TVB veteran actors
Hong Kong television actresses
Hong Kong film actresses
20th-century Hong Kong actresses
21st-century Hong Kong actresses
Alumni of St. Paul's Co-educational College
Melges 17

The Melges 17 is an American scow-hulled sailing dinghy that was designed by Reichel/Pugh as a one-design racer and first built in 2005.

Production
The design has built by Melges Performance Sailboats in the United States since 2005 and remains in production.

Design
The design was conceived to provide a boat for youth sailors to move up to from the Laser, 420 and the X Boat, as well as for adults couples to sail.

The Melges 17 is a racing sailboat, with the hull built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig with carbon fiber spars; a scow hull; a transom-hung, aluminum extrusion rudder controlled by a tiller with an extension and twin retractable, aluminum extrusion bilgeboards. It displaces  and is normally sailed by two sailors, with an optimal crew weight of .

The boat has a draft of  with a bilgeboard extended. With both bilgeboards retracted it can be operated in shallow water, beached or transported on a boat trailer.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with an asymmetrical spinnaker of , flown from a retractable bowsprit.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club that organized racing events, the Melges 17 Class Association.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
M Scow

References

External links

Dinghies
2000s sailboat type designs
One-design sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Reichel/Pugh
Sailboat types built by Melges Performance Sailboats
Siége Perilous

Siége Perilous is the third studio album by American power metal band Kamelot. It was released on August 4, 1998, through Noise Records. It is the first album with Roy Khan on vocals and Casey Grillo on drums, and is the final album to feature David Pavlicko on keyboards.

In Arthurian legend, the Siege Perilous, otherwise known as "The Seat Perilous", is the seat at The Round Table reserved for the knight who would quest for and return the Holy Grail.

Track listing

Notes
 The track listing on the back cover of the CD is incorrect. "Rhydin" is track 6, while "Parting Visions" and "Once a Dream" are shifted down once each. The track listing shown here is the correct version, which is listed in the liner notes.
 The title of track 6 is a reference to the fantasy role-playing world, RhyDin.

Personnel
All information from the album booklet.

Kamelot
 Roy Khan – lead vocals
 Thomas Youngblood – guitars, backing vocals, producer
 David Pavlicko – keyboards
 Glenn Barry – bass guitar
 Casey Grillo – drums

Additional musician
 Tore Østby – acoustic guitar on "Siege"

Production
 Tommy Newton – mixing
 Mark Prator – engineer
 Jim Morris – engineer
 Tom Morris – engineer
 Derek Gores – cover art
 Rachel Youngblood – graphic production, design
 Kim Grillo – photography

References

External links
 

1998 albums
Kamelot albums
Noise Records albums
Albums recorded at Morrisound Recording
Monteverde, Campania

Monteverde is a comune in the province of Avellino in Southern Italy. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.

History

In the 11th century, Monteverde became a bishopric seat and had a bishop until 1531, when the diocese of Monteverde was merged with the diocese of Canne. From 1532 to 1641, it was a baronial seigniory, held by a branch of the Grimaldi family. The diocese was eventually cancelled in 1818.

References

Cities and towns in Campania
Borghi più belli d'Italia
Jean-Luc

Jean-Luc may refer to:

Politics
 Jean-Luc Bennahmias (born 1954), a French politician and Member of the European Parliament
 Jean-Luc Bourgeaux (born 1963), a French politician
 Jean-Luc Dehaene (1940–2014), a Flemish politician
 Jean-Luc Laurent (born 1957), a French politician
 Jean-Luc Mandaba (1943–2000), a former Prime Minister of the Central African Republic
 Jean-Luc Mélenchon (born 1951), a French politician
 Jean-Luc Pépin (1924–1995), a Canadian academic, politician, and Cabinet member
 Jean-Luc Poudroux (born 1950), a French politician

Entertainment
 Jean-Luc De Meyer (born 1957), a Belgian vocalist and lyricist best known as the lead vocalist of Front 242
 Jean-Luc Ponty (born 1942), a French virtuoso violinist and jazz composer
 Jean-Luc Picard, a fictional starship captain in the Star Trek universe
 Jean-Luc Bilodeau (born 1990), an actor, played Josh Trager on the television show Kyle XY and Ben Wheeler on Baby Daddy
 Jean-Luc, a character in the Bluey episode Camping

Other

Jean-Luc Cairon (1962–2022), French gymnast and coach
 Jean-Luc Godard (1930–2022), a Franco-Swiss filmmaker
 Jean-Luc Grand-Pierre (born 1977), a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman
 Jean-Luc Lagardère (1928–2003), a major French businessman
 Jean-Luc Margot (born 1969), a Belgian astronomer and Professor at UCLA
 Jean-Luc Marion (born 1946), a French philosopher
 Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021), a French philosopher
 Jean-Luc du Plessis (born 1994), a South African Rugby Union player

Variants in other languages  
 English : John Luke
 Italian : Gianluca 
 French : Jean-Luc 
 Spanish : Juan Lucas 
 Portuguese : João Lucas 

Compound given names
French masculine given names
Masculine given names
Didj

Didj may refer to:

 Didgeridoo, an Australian wind instrument
 Leapfrog Didj, a handheld game console made by LeapFrog Enterprises
 Suzanne Nelson
William Somerset

William Somerset may refer to:

William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965), English playwright, novelist and short story writer
William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester (1526–1589), English nobleman and courtier
Lord William Somerset (1784–1851)
Detective William Somerset, the main character in the 1995 film Seven, played by Morgan Freeman
Escape from the Shadows

Escape From The Shadows is the 1972 autobiography of Robin Maugham, later the 2nd Viscount Maugham.

The title refers to three huge shadows over Maugham’s life: his famous father, Frederick Herbert Maugham, his uncle, W. Somerset Maugham, and his homosexuality.

1972 non-fiction books
British autobiographies
Hodder & Stoughton books
Intuition (disambiguation)

Intuition is a phenomenon of the mind described as the ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use of reason

Intuition may also refer to:

Music
Intuition (rapper) (born 1981), American rapper

Albums
Intuition (Angela Bofill album)
Intuition (Bill Evans album)
Intuition (DJ Encore album)
Intuition (Jamie Foxx album)
Intuition (Linx album)
Intuition (TNT album)
Intuition (Wallace Roney album)

Songs
"Intuition" (free improvisation), a 1949 recording by Lennie Tristano's quintet
"Intuition" (Linx song), 1981
"Intuition" (Jewel song), 2003
"Intuition", a song by John Lennon from the album Mind Games, 1973
"Intuition", a song by Natalie Imbruglia from the album Left of the Middle, 1997
"Intuition", a song by Selena Gomez & the Scene from the album A Year Without Rain, 2010
"Intuition", a song by CN Blue from the album First Step, 2011
"Intuition", a song by Reks from The Greatest X, 2016
"Intuition", a song by Northlane from the album Mesmer, 2017

Other uses
Intuition (MBTI), one of the four axes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Intuition (Amiga), a graphical user interface toolkit supplied with the Commodore Amiga computer
Intuition (Bergson), the philosophical method of Henri Bergson
Intuition Peak, a geographical feature in Antarctica
Intuition (film), an Argentinian crime thriller film
Intuition (novel), by Allegra Goodman
Intuition in the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd
Steve Lappas

Stephan Thomas Lappas (born March 18, 1954) is an American former  college basketball coach. He coached at Manhattan (1988–1992), Villanova (1992–2001) and UMass (2001–2005), compiling a 280–237 (.542) record over a 17-year coaching career.  He is currently a basketball color commentator and studio analyst for CBS Sports Network.

Biography

Education
Lappas graduated from Bronx High School of Science in 1972, where he was sixth man on its 1971 city championship team and a starter as a prep senior. He went on to the City College of New York, where he was a three-year letterwinner in basketball and served as the team's captain in his junior season. He graduated in 1977 with a bachelor's degree in primary education.

Coaching career
In 1977, Lappas started coaching at York College, City University of New York as a volunteer, and moved to Fort Lee High School the next year, becoming an assistant. After one season, he assumed his first head coaching job with Harry S. Truman High School (in The Bronx), staying there through 1984. Lappas fashioned a 91–32 record, and was named New York Daily News Coach of the Year twice (1981 and 1984). Harry S. Truman High School won a New York State Class A championship under Lappas in the 1983–84 season, during which it was 27–3. In 1984 Lappas joined Rollie Massimino's staff at Villanova University.

Head coach
In 1988 Lappas became head coach at Manhattan College, where he turned around the program from a 7–21 season in 1988–89 to a 25–9 season and a berth to the 3rd round of the NIT in 1992. In 1992, he succeeded Rollie Massimino as head coach at Villanova, where he guided the team to seven postseason tournament appearances (four NCAA, three NIT), posting an 8–6 record and winning the 1994 National Invitation Tournament. In 2001, he resigned as head coach after Villanova declined to sign him for a long-term contract due to multiple years of poor recruiting, and a subsequent lack of success in the postseason. He became head coach of the University of Massachusetts on March 26, 2001. In four seasons at UMass, the Minutemen struggled under Lappas, and finished with a record of 50–65.  His contract was not renewed and he was let go on March 14, 2005.

Head coaching record

College

* A-10 record includes a forfeit victory vs. St. Bonaventure, but season's overall win total does not include it.

References

1954 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball players from New York City
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
CCNY Beavers men's basketball players
College basketball announcers in the United States
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Manhattan Jaspers men's basketball coaches
UMass Minutemen basketball coaches
Villanova Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Copenhagen House Grounds

Copenhagen House Grounds in Islington, London also known as the 'Old Cope' was opened 24 September 1850 and was the leading venue for professional athletics until it closed in December 1853 after severe storm damage.  Initially consisting of a 200-yard straight, an oval gravel track was added, opening on 17 March 1851, thought to be one third of a mile in length, enclosing a cricket pitch.

One of the first world records for the mile was set there; Charles Westhall in 4:28 on 26 July 1852.

Whilst much of the site has been built upon, Caledonian Park is a remnant.

References
 runtrackdir.com, Peter Lovesey
 Caledonian Park

Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Islington
Grand Canyon West Airport

Grand Canyon West Airport  is a public airport  northwest of Peach Springs, in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. It is owned and operated by the Hualapai tribe and is on the Hualapai Indian Reservation.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 137,771 commercial passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2017. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011 classified it as commercial service - primary because it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year.

Passengers can fly from Las Vegas or drive (120 miles from Las Vegas) which includes newly paved road that was previously a rough stretch of dirt road.

Plane, helicopter and bus tours are offered. The bus tours stop at Hualapai Ranch, Eagle Point and Guano Point. 

Eagle Point is home to the Grand Canyon Skywalk.

Facilities
Grand Canyon West Airport covers . It has one runway: 

 17/35 measuring , asphalt

In the year ending June 10, 2022 the airport had 12,917 aircraft operations, average 35 per day: 99% air taxi, and 1% general aviation.

Airline and destination

References

External links

 Grand Canyon West, official website
 Grand Canyon West Airport (1G4) at Arizona DOT airport directory
 

Airports in Mohave County, Arizona
Native American airports
Grand Canyon, South Rim (west)
John Dunbar (artist)

John Dunbar (born 1943 in Mexico City) is a British artist, collector, and former gallerist, best known for his connections to the art and music scenes of the 1960s counterculture.

Personal life and career
Dunbar was born in Mexico City in 1943, the son of the British filmmaker, Robert Dunbar. He has three sisters, Marina Adams, an architect, and twins Margaret and Jennifer Dunbar. He spent his first four years in Moscow, where his father was a cultural attache, before the family returned to England.

Dunbar attended the University of Cambridge, where he met the singer Marianne Faithfull. They were married on 6 May 1965, with Peter Asher as the best man, and spent their honeymoon in Paris, with the Beat poets Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso. The couple lived in a flat at 29 Lennox Gardens, Knightsbridge, London. On 10 November 1965, she gave birth to their son, Nicholas. She then "...left her husband to live with Mick Jagger..." telling the New Musical Express that "my first move was to get a Rolling Stone as a boyfriend. I slept with three and decided the lead singer was the best bet." Dunbar and Faithfull divorced in 1970.

In 1965, Dunbar co-founded the Indica Gallery with Barry Miles. The gallery became known for staging exhibitions by cutting-edge artists, including Boyle Family and Yoko Ono from the Fluxus movement. It was at Indica where he introduced Ono to John Lennon. Indica folded in just two years, after which Dunbar became an artist and exhibited work alongside Peter Blake and Colin Self. From 1969 to 1971 Dunbar was exhibitions officer for the British Council, revitalizing their programme by promoting a new generation of artists such as Barry Flanagan, Colin Self, Bruce McLean and Clive Barker. With Jill Matthews, Dunbar later fathered William Dunbar, now a journalist based in Tbilisi, Georgia.

In January 2006, Dunbar participated in the International Symposium on LSD in Basel honouring LSD inventor Albert Hofmann on his 100th birthday. With John Hopkins and Barry Miles, Dunbar gave the seminar "LSD and its visual impact".. That same year, Dunbar took part in the re-staging of Indica by Riflemaker Gallery in Soho, London, hosting an in conversation with Yoko Ono and as guest speaker with a talk entitled INDICATIONS....

Since the 1960s, Dunbar has consistently maintained an eclectic practice encompassing drawing and collage (particularly in notebook context); sculpture and assemblage; photography and film.  
As a visual artist, John's work has been featured in a 2008 solo exhibition and 2014 retrospective in London. More recently his film work has been included in group exhibitions at Nottingham Contemporary  and The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Nice, France.

A selection of his artwork, exhibitions and curatorial can be found on his official website http://www.johndunbar.net.

References

1943 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Artists from Mexico City
British people of Russian descent
English artists
Art dealers from London
Wavebob

Wavebob was a wave energy converter which was in development between 1999 and 2013 when the company was closed owing to funding difficulties.  

It commenced the first of a number of sea trials in Galway Bay in Ireland during which it was tested as a 1/4 scale device for short periods at the SEAI 1/4 Scale Wave Power Testing facility which is located in the inner bay inside the natural Aran Islands breakwater and where devices under test are exposed to c.1/3 of the expected energy of the 'Full Atlantic Ocean'.

Technology
Wavebob used the lift and fall of ocean waves to drive generators 

The Wavebob consisted of two oscillating structures. These structures must be able to absorb in a variety of conditions and be robust to survive in the harsh marine environment. The structures are controlled by a damping system that can respond to predicted wave height, wave power and frequency. The tank structure (a semi-submerged body) uses captured sea water mass as the majority of its inertial mass. This significantly reduces the cost associated with structural materials.

Wavebob developed its business through an Open Innovation Model and was partnered with leading energy companies such as Chevron and Vattenfall. It briefly established a joint venture company with Vattenfall called Tonn Energy to develop commercial wave farms off the west coast of Ireland.

Company milestones
1999: Original patents filed

2007: CEO appointed; head office in Maynooth established

2013: Company Closed Down.

See also
Wave farm
Maritime Research Institute Netherlands
Marine Institute Ireland
Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
OE buoy

References

Further reading
 Falnes, Johannes (2002). Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems. Cambridge University Press. ., 288 pp.
 McCormick, Michael (2007). Ocean Wave Energy Conversion. Dover. ., 256 pp.

Wave energy converters
King Christian II (Sibelius)

King Christian II (), Op. 27, is incidental music by Jean Sibelius for the Scandinavian historical play of the same name, written by his friend Adolf Paul. The original play deals with the love of King Christian II, ruler of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, for a Dutch girl, Dyvecke, a commoner. Sibelius composed in 1898 seven movements. He conducted the first performance of the first four parts the Swedish Theatre in Helsinki on 24 February 1898. In the following summer, he composed three more movements, Nocturne, Serenade and Ballad. The Nocturne was an interlude between the first act and the second. The position of the serenade changed. The ballad is a dramatic piece about the Stockholm Bloodbath (1520). This movement shows already traits of the later First Symphony. The stage music consists of the following numbers:

 Elegia
 Musette
 Menuetto
 Sången om korsspindeln
 Nocturne
 Serenade
 Ballade.

Sibelius derived from the incidental music a suite of five movements. A complete performance of the suite takes about 25 minutes. It was first performed in December 1898, conducted by Robert Kajanus. Sibelius wrote in a letter: “The music sounded excellent and the tempi seem to be right. I think this is the first time that I have managed to make something complete.”

Movements of the suite 
The suite consists of five movements:

References

External links 
 
 

1898 compositions
Suites by Jean Sibelius
Incidental music by Jean Sibelius
Stockholm Bloodbath
Cultural depictions of Christian II of Denmark
Aréna chamber theatre

Aréna Chamber Theatre () is a chamber theatre in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Founded in 1994, it continues in the tradition of the Music Theatre (Divadlo hudby), which had existed since 1951.

History

Aréna Chamber Theatre was nominated as a candidate for Best theatre of the year in 1996 in the categories "Best actress" and "Best play". Its biggest triumph was celebrated in the year 2003, when it won the Alfréd Radok award for "Best play" and "Best actor" of the year. Both prizes were awarded to the theatre for the Mikhail Bulgakov play Psí srdce (Heart of a Dog), directed by Sergej Fedotov, starring Michal Čapka.

Since the beginning of the 2005/06 season the theatre has been situated in the reconstructed building of the Municipal Library.

External links
 Official website

Buildings and structures in Ostrava
Theatres in Ostrava
1994 establishments in the Czech Republic
Theatres completed in 1994
La Forge

La Forge, LaForge, or Laforge may refer to:

Places 
 La Forge, Vosges, a commune in Vosges, France
 La Forge, Missouri, a community in the United States

People 
 Claude LaForge (born 1936) Canadian ice skater
 Ed LaForge (1935–2018), American politician
 Élodie Jacquier-Laforge (born 1978), French politician
 Frank La Forge (1879–1953), American pianist and composer
 Louis de La Forge, 17th-century French philosopher
 Marc Laforge (born 1968), ice hockey player
 Harald Welte, German hacker known as LaForge

Fictional characters 
 Geordi La Forge, a fictional character in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek:Picard
 Alandra La Forge, a fictional character in the television series Star Trek:Picard, daughter of Geordi
 Sidney La Forge, a fictional character in the television series Star Trek:Picard, daughter of Geordi

See also
 Forge (disambiguation)
 Lafarge (disambiguation)
Valdez Airport

Valdez Airport , also known as Pioneer Field, is a state-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) east of the central business district of Valdez, a city in the Valdez-Cordova Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Facilities and aircraft 
Valdez Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 128 feet (39 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 6/24 which measures 6,500 by 150 feet (1,981 x 46 m).

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2021, the airport had 10,300 aircraft operations, an average of 28 per day: 37% air taxi, 53% general aviation, 5% commercial, and 5% military. At that time there were 35 aircraft based at this airport: 25 single-engine, 1 multi-engine, 7 helicopter and 2 ultralight.

Airlines and destinations 

Historically, the airport had scheduled passenger jet service provided by Alaska Airlines during the mid-1970s.  The Alaska Airlines system timetable dated February 1, 1975 lists a Boeing 727-100 flight nonstop to Anchorage.  Era Aviation served the airport during the 1980s with Convair 580 and de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 turboprops.

Accidents near VDZ
On April 25, 1964, an Air National Guard Fairchild C-123 Provider impacted Prince William Sound 1.5KM off shore 3 minutes after takeoff at night during heavy snowfall. All 4 occupants were killed.
On February 25, 1985, a USAF Boeing RC-135 crashed into a mountain after a few MLS approaches to Valdez Airport in poor visibility. All 3 occupants died.

References

External links
 FAA Alaska airport diagram (GIF)
 

Airports in Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Kuolema

Kuolema (Death) is a drama by the Finnish writer Arvid Järnefelt, first performed on 2 December 1903. He revised the work in 1911.

The play is notable for its incidental music: a group of six compositions created by the author's brother-in-law, Jean Sibelius. The most famous selection is the opening number, Valse triste (Sad Waltz), which was later adapted into a separate concert piece.

The play 
The play is in three acts. Act I features the boy Paavali and his mother, who is ill. When she is asleep, music is heard, and she has a dream of dancers, who start to fill the room. She then joins them in their dance, but becomes exhausted. As the dancers leave, she begins to dance again. However, Death knocks at the door three times, and the music stops. Death claims her, in the form of her late husband.

Act II features Paavali years later as a wandering young man. At one point, he comes across a cottage, where an 'old witch' lives. In the cottage, Paavali bakes bread and lights the fire for the witch. She gives him a ring that allows him to see his future bride. The scene changes at once to a forest in summer, where Elsa, a young woman, sings to herself, and Paavali meets her. After sleeping beside each other, Paavali wakes to resume his travels, but Elsa wants him to remain. A flock of cranes flies overhead at that point, one of which separates from the group, carrying an infant to them.

In Act III, Paavali and Elsa have since been married. He has used his funds to build a school. Later, Paavali's and Elsa's house catches fire. As the house burns, Paavali reflects on his past life, and sees the ghost of his mother, holding a scythe, in the flames. In parallel with the end of Act I, Paavali's mother has come for her son. Paavali dies as the house collapses. The last scene sees the villagers consoling Elsa and the children and recalling Paavali. Elsa says at the end that Paavali lives in the hearts of the people.

The music

References

1903 plays
Compositions for symphony orchestra
Finnish plays
Lamm equation

The Lamm equation describes the sedimentation and diffusion of a solute under ultracentrifugation in traditional sector-shaped cells. (Cells of
other shapes require much more complex equations.) It was named after Ole Lamm, later professor of physical chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology, who derived it during his Ph.D. studies under Svedberg at Uppsala University.

The Lamm equation can be written:

where c is the solute concentration, t and r are the time and radius, and  the parameters D, s, and ω represent the solute diffusion constant, sedimentation coefficient and the rotor angular velocity, respectively.  The first and second terms on the right-hand side of the Lamm equation are proportional to D and sω2, respectively, and describe the competing processes of diffusion and sedimentation.  Whereas sedimentation seeks to concentrate the solute near the outer radius of the cell, diffusion seeks to equalize the solute concentration throughout the cell.  The diffusion constant D can be estimated from the hydrodynamic radius and shape of the solute, whereas the buoyant mass mb can be determined from the ratio of s and D

where kBT is the thermal energy, i.e.,
Boltzmann's constant kB multiplied by
the temperature T in kelvins.

Solute molecules cannot pass through the inner and outer walls of the
cell, resulting in the boundary conditions on the Lamm equation

at the inner and outer radii, ra and rb, respectively. By spinning samples at constant angular velocity ω and observing the variation in the concentration c(r, t), one may estimate the parameters s and D and, thence, the (effective or equivalent) buoyant mass of the solute.

References and notes

Laboratory techniques
Partial differential equations
Adice

Adice () is an urban neighborhood belonging to the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.

Borders

The southern border of Adice is Podunavska ulica (Podunavska Street), the eastern border is Šumska ulica (Šumska Street), the northern border is Novosadski put (Novi Sad Road), and the western border is a western city limit of Novi Sad.

Neighbouring city quarters
The neighbouring city quarters and settlements are: Telep in the east, Veternička Rampa in the north, Veternik in the west, and Kamenjar in the south.

Population
Population of the Adice neighborhood is ethnically diverse and includes Serbs, a sizable Romani community, as well as members of other ethnic groups.

Features
There is a hotel named "Adice" in the main street of the settlement.

A festival, called "Danube nights of Adice" is held annually in September.

See also
 Neighborhoods of Novi Sad

References

Jovan Mirosavljević, Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745-2001, Novi Sad, 2002.
Milorad Grujić, Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu, Novi Sad, 2004.

External links 

Neighborhoods of Novi Sad
About Roma people in Adice (in Serbian)
Detailed map of Novi Sad and Adice
Danube nights web site, annual Adice festival

Novi Sad neighborhoods
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport

Ralph Wien Memorial Airport  is a state-owned public-use airport located on the south side of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Facilities and aircraft
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport covers an area of  which contains two runways. Runway 9/27 has an asphalt paved surface measuring 6,300 x 150 ft (1,920 x 46 m) and runway 18/36 has a gravel surface measuring 3,876 x 90 ft (1,181 x 27 m).

For the 12-month period ending April 11, 2008, the airport had 59,860 aircraft operations, an average of 164 per day: 62% general aviation, 33% air taxi, 3% scheduled commercial and 2% military. There are 52 aircraft based at this airport: 77% single engine and 23% multi-engine.

Airlines and destinations

Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.

Ralph Wien, pilot
The airport is named in memory of Ralph Wien, a native of Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin, born in 1897. He and his younger brother Noel Wien, arrived in Alaska in 1924 and together founded Wien Air Alaska, the first airline in Alaska. He died when the Bellanca aircraft he was flying crashed in full view of onlookers in Kotzebue on Columbus Day, 1930. Fr. Philip Delon, Superior general of Alaskan Catholic missions, and Fr. William Walsh, a diocesan priest from Oakland, California, who were on board, also died in the accident.

The airport was dedicated in 1951 by Governor Ernest Gruening.

References

External links
 Alaska FAA airport diagram (GIF)
 

Airports in Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
Airports in the Arctic
WAAS reference stations