alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Abhayamudra

The Abhayamudrā "gesture of fearlessness" is a mudrā (gesture) that is the gesture of reassurance and safety, which dispels fear and accords divine protection and bliss in Hinduism, Buddhism and other Indian religions. The right hand is held upright, and the palm is facing outwards. This is one of the earliest mudrās found depicted on a number of Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sikh images.

The abhayamudrā (施無畏印) represents protection, peace, benevolence and the dispelling of fear. The Hindu god Nataraja is depicted with the second right hand making the Abhaya Mudra, bestowing protection from both evil and ignorance to those who follow the righteousness of dharma.  In Theravada Buddhism, it is usually made with the right hand raised to shoulder height, the arm bent and the palm facing outward with the fingers upright and joined and the left hand hanging down while standing. In Thailand and Laos, this mudra is associated with the Walking Buddha, often shown having both hands making a double abhayamudrā that is uniform.

The abhayamudrā was probably used before the onset of Buddhism as a symbol of good intentions proposing friendship when approaching strangers. In the art of Gandhara, it is present when showing the action of preaching. It was also used in China during the Northern Wei and Sui eras of the 4th and 7th centuries.

The gesture was used by Gautama Buddha to subdue the elephant when attacked by a drunk elephant set off by Devadatta (some says by Ajātasattu), as shown in several frescos and scripts. In Mahayana Buddhism, deities often paired it with another mudrā using the other hand.

References

Bibliography

External links

Mudras
Hindu symbols
Buddhist symbols
Jain symbols
Sikh symbols
Indian iconography
Apollonius and Philemon

The deacon Apollonius and his convert Philemon were Christian martyrs of the Diocletianic Persecution around 303. Philemon was a famous flute player, mime and actor at Antinoöpolis in Egypt.

Narrative
During the persecution, Philemon dons the deacon's clothes so that, disguised as Apollonius, he may offer the required sacrifice to Jupiter in his stead, and the deacon avoids imprisonment and death. However, just before performing the public sacrifice, Philemon is recognized and declares himself a Christian, and refuses to make the sacrifice.

They were brought from Antinoë to Alexandria, and put to death with many others who had become believers in Christ. Their fate was to be bound hand and foot and to be cast into the sea.

Veneration
Their feast day is 8 March. Philemon is the patron saint of dancers.

Legacy
The story formed the subject of Philemon Martyr, a play by Jacob Bidermann. Bidermann presents acting as "a potential route to moral and spiritual transformation".

Philemon is a recurring motif in the work of the twentieth-century British artist Albert Houthuesen.

References

External links
Philemon at Catholic Online
Philemon at Patron Saints Index
8 March saints at St. Patrick's Church 

Saints from Roman Egypt
305 deaths
4th-century Christian saints
4th-century Egyptian people
Ancient Roman actors
Year of birth unknown
George Edward Cokayne

George Edward Cokayne,  (29 April 1825 – 6 August 1911), was an English genealogist and long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London, who eventually rose to the rank of Clarenceux King of Arms. He wrote such authoritative and standard reference works as The Complete Peerage and The Complete Baronetage.

Origins
Cokayne was born on 29 April 1825, with the surname Adams, being the son of William Adams by his wife the Hon. Mary Anne Cokayne, a daughter of Viscount Cullen. He was baptised George Edward Adams. On 15 August 1873, he changed his surname by Royal Licence to Cokayne (such changes were frequently made to meet the terms of bequests from childless relatives, often in the maternal line, who wished to see their name and arms continue).

Career

Education
He matriculated from Exeter College on 6 June 1844, and graduated BA in 1848 and MA in 1852. He was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn on 16 January 1850, and was called to the bar on 30 April 1853.

College of Arms
He began his heraldic career at the College of Arms in London with an appointment in 1859 to the post of Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary, and was promoted in 1870 to the office of Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary. In 1882 he was promoted to Norroy King of Arms, which office he held  until his appointment as Clarenceux King of Arms in 1894, which he held until his death in 1911.

The Complete Peerage
Cokayne wrote The Complete Peerage, the first edition of which was published between 1887 and 1898

Marriage and progeny
On 2 December 1856, he married Mary Dorothea Gibbs, daughter of George Henry Gibbs by his wife Caroline Crawley. The couple had eight children, of whom two sons and two daughters survived their father. 

One of his sons, Brien, became Governor of the Bank of England from 1918 to 1920 and was ennobled in 1920 as Baron Cullen of Ashbourne.

Death
George Edward Cokayne died at Roehampton on 6 August 1911, aged 86.

Arms

References

External links

 The Complete Baronetage on Internet Archive 
 The College of Arms
 CUHAGS Officer of Arms Index

1825 births
1911 deaths
English officers of arms
English genealogists
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
List of archaeological periods

The names for archaeological periods in the list of archaeological periods vary enormously from region to region. This is a list of the main divisions by continent and region. Dating also varies considerably and those given are broad approximations across wide areas.

The three-age system has been used in many areas, referring to the prehistorical and historical periods identified by tool manufacture and use, of Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Since these ages are distinguished by the development of technology, it is natural that the dates to which these refer vary in different parts of the world. In many regions, the term Stone Age is no longer used, as it has been replaced by more specific geological periods. For some regions, there is need for an intermediate Chalcolithic period between the Stone Age and Bronze Age. For cultures where indigenous metal tools were in less widespread use, other classifications, such as the lithic stage, archaic stage and formative stage refer to the development of other types of technology and social organization.

Historical periods denotes periods of human development with the advantage of the development of writing. Written records tend to provide more socio-political insight into the dominant nations, and hence allow categorization according to the ruling empires and cultures, such as Hellenistic, Roman, Viking. Inevitably these definitions of periods only relate to the region of that empire or culture.

The Industrial Age or Modern era is generally taken to refer to post-1800. From this time, the industrial revolution which began in Western Europe resulted in global trade and greatly increased cultural exchange.

Archaeological period articles – by continent and region

See also 
 List of time periods

Periods
 
Periodization
Nissim Karelitz

Shmaryahu Yosef Nissim Karelitz (; July 19, 1926 – October 21, 2019) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and posek who served as the chairman of the beis din tzedek (rabbinical court) of Bnei Brak.

Biography 

Karelitz was born in 1926 in Kosava (Kossov), Vilnius province, Poland, presently in Belarus. He came to Israel in 1935 with his parents. 

Karelitz was a nephew of Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, known as the Chazon Ish. (The latter's sister was Karelitz's mother). The Chazon Ish was a previous rabbinical spiritual leader of Bnei Brak. From the time of the Chazon Ish until Karelitz it was Rav Elazar Shach who was regarded as the pre-eminent leader.

In his youth, he studied in the Ponevezh Yeshiva. He also studied with his uncles, the Chazon Ish and the Steipler. His wife Leah (d. 2015) was the daughter of Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Kopshitz of Jerusalem and the great-granddaughter of Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld.

Rav Karelitz died in Bnei Brak on October 21, 2019. His funeral was attended by tens of thousands, and he was eulogized by Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky, his first cousin, and by Rabbi Gershon Edelstein, Rosh Yeshiva of Ponevezh.

Rabbinic career
His rabbinical court handled various matters, including financial disputes, marriage conflicts, and conversions. He was also a member of the Vaad Halacha (Jewish legal council) of the Maayanei Hayeshua Hospital of Bnei Brak and the av beis din of the Bnei Brak neighborhood of Ramat Aharon.
Karelitz's beit din in Israel performs conversions on people who are residing illegally in the state of Israel. This means several things: (1) The conversion process goes against Israeli law which gives the state more reason to reject such conversions. (2) The converts, who often live many years illegally in Israel, are eventually forced to leave (deportation, or due to lack of financial means to support oneself).

Published works

Chut Shani
Hilchos Shabbos Vol. 1
Hilchos Shabbos Vol. 3
Hilchos Yom Tov
Hilchos Pesach
Hilchos Niddah
Hilchos Ribbis
Even Ha'ezer Siman 21
Hilchos Shmita ViYovel Vol. 1-2

References

Haredi rabbis in Israel
1926 births
2019 deaths
Lithuanian Haredi rabbis
Lithuanian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Rabbis in Bnei Brak
Mottisfont & Dunbridge railway station

Mottisfont & Dunbridge railway station serves the village of Dunbridge in Hampshire, England. It is on the Wessex Main Line,  from . It is the closest station to Mottisfont Abbey and the village of Mottisfont, and was renamed Mottisfont & Dunbridge in 2006 to reflect this, having been previously known simply as Dunbridge. Mottisfont previously had a station of its own on the Andover to Romsey line, known as the Sprat and Winkle Line, but this closed on 7 September 1964 under the Beeching Axe.

Since 9 December 2007, a new service has served Mottisfont & Dunbridge. It runs from Salisbury to Southampton Central, via Romsey. South Western Railway operates the service using two-car Class 158 units. In consequence, Mottisfont & Dunbridge now has a roughly hourly service, a great improvement over the previous frequency.  As a result of this, Great Western Railway no longer serves the station, although it continued to manage the station, and the station still carried First Great Western branding. In April 2020, the management of the station was transferred to South Western Railway.

The station is one of 20 covered by the Three Rivers Community Rail partnership.

According to station usage statistics, Mottisfont & Dunbridge is the second least frequently used station in Hampshire, with only Beaulieu Road having fewer passengers.

Services
The station is managed by South Western Railway, which runs an hourly service between Romsey and Salisbury via .  This also runs on Sundays, at a two-hourly frequency.

References

External links

Local Rail Information from the  Three Rivers Community Rail partnership

Railway stations in Hampshire
Former London and South Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations served by South Western Railway
1847 establishments in England
National Drama Festivals Association

The National Drama Festivals Association (NDFA) was formed in 1964 to encourage and support amateur theatre in all its forms and in particular through the organisation of drama festivals in the United Kingdom.

Since 1974 the NDFA has organised the British All Winners Drama Festival (BAWF) where the very best of British amateur theatre take part in a week-long celebration of theatre. The winners of all NDFA member festivals in the previous year, be they full-length or one-act member festivals, are eligible for invitation to take part.

The NDFA sponsors two playwriting competitions - the George Taylor Memorial Award and the Nan Nuttall Memorial Awards. The objective of this competition is to promote new writing for the theatre. Adjudication is carried out by a panel of judges, and the winners receive a certificate and a cash prize.

Membership of the NDFA is open to all drama festival organisations and also to theatre groups and individuals who are interested in taking part and supporting drama festivals throughout the UK. List of winners of British All-Winners Drama Festival 2016.

British All Winners Drama Festival

Awards
There are a number of awards presented at the British All Winners Drama Festival which include:
FULL LENGTH PLAYS
OVERALL WINNER - The Mary Blakeman Trophy
RUNNER UP - The Amateur Stage Trophy
ADJUDICATOR'S AWARD - The Felixstowe Festival Trophy
BACKSTAGE AWARD - The Sydney Fisher Trophy
ONE ACT PLAYS
OVERALL WINNER - The Irving Trophy
RUNNER UP - The NDFA Council Trophy
ADJUDICATOR'S AWARD - The Amateur Theatre Trophy
BACKSTAGE AWARD - The Sydney Fisher Trophy
AUDIENCE APPRECIATION - Halifax Evening Courier Award
YOUTH ENTRY
WINNER OF YOUTH SECTION - The NDFA Trophy
YOUTH PARTICIPATION AWARD - The Buxton Trophy
YOUTH AUDIENCE APPRECIATION - The GADOC Joyce Cook Memorial Trophy

Results

References

External links
 

Theatre festivals in the United Kingdom
Theatrical organisations in the United Kingdom
Arts organizations established in 1964
1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
South East Australian Basketball League

The South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) was a semi-professional basketball league in Australia comprising both a men's and women's competition. The SEABL began in 1981 and operated for 38 seasons until it was disbanded in 2018. The league was closely linked with the Australian Basketball Association (ABA) and over the years, the SEABL boasted teams from Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.

History
The SEABL was established in 1981 as a men's league. Separate South and East conferences were introduced in 1986. In 1990, a women's competition was introduced. The league was closely linked with the Australian Basketball Association (ABA) during the 1980s and 1990s. In 2012, the women's competition was divided into two conferences for the first time.

In December 2014, Basketball Australia took over the operations of the SEABL. Less than four years later, in August 2018, Basketball Australia disbanded the SEABL after they withdrew its support of the league and denied the proposal of a club-managed league.

In October 2018, Basketball Victoria created a new senior elite league and later in partnership with the National Basketball League (NBL) produced the NBL1 which debuted in 2019.

League championships

Men

Women

References

External links

 Archived seabl.com.au website
 Old website
 SEABL All-Time Award Winners (as of 2007)

 
Basketball in South Australia
Basketball in Tasmania
Basketball in Victoria (state)
Defunct basketball leagues
Basketball leagues in Australia
1981 establishments in Australia
Sports leagues established in 1981
2018 disestablishments in Australia
Sports leagues disestablished in 2018
NBL1
Goad

The goad is a traditional farming implement, used to spur or guide livestock, usually oxen, which are pulling a plough or a cart; used also to round up cattle. It is a type of long stick with a pointed end, also known as the cattle prod.

The word is from Middle English gode, from Old English gād.

In Sophocles's Oedipus Rex, Oedipus's father Laius tried to kill his son with a goad when they accidentally met at a crossroads.

Religious significance 

Goads in various guises are used as iconographic devices and may be seen in the 'elephant goad' or 'ankusha' (Sanskrit) in the hand of Ganesha, for example.

According to the biblical passage Judges 3:31, Shamgar son of Anath killed six hundred Philistines with an ox goad.

Tischler and McHenry (2006: p. 251) in discussing the biblical account of 'goad' hold:
In the early days, before Israel had its own metal industries, farmers had to rely on the Philistines to sharpen their goads, as well as other metal tools, the plowshares and mattocks, forks, and axes (1 Sam. 13:20).

The image of prodding the reluctant or lazy creature made this a useful metaphor for sharp urging, such as the prick of conscience, the nagging of a mate, or the "words of the wise," which are "firmly embedded nails" in human minds (Ecclesiastes 12:11-12).

Saint Paul, recounting the story of his conversion before King Agrippa, told of a voice he heard saying ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’ Some versions of the actual account of his conversion earlier in the Acts of the Apostles also use the same phrase.

In the Latin alphabet, the letter L is derived from the Semitic crook or goad which stood for . This may originally have been based on an Egyptian hieroglyph that was adapted by Semites for alphabetic purposes. Pollack (2004: p. 146), in discussing 'Lamed, Path 22' the path from Gevurah to Tiferet, Justice, in the pathworking of the esoteric Kabbalah, states:  
We switch sides now and bring the power of Gevurah to the center. Lamed means 'goad' and in particular an ox-goad, as if we use the power of Gevurah to goad that Aleph ox, the silent letter, into a more tangible physical existence in the heart of the tree [of life]. Lamed begins the Hebrew words for both "learn" and "teach," and so encompasses the most Kabbalist of activities, study. Kabbalah has never been a path of pure sensation, but always has used study to goad us into higher consciousness. Lamed, alone of the Hebrew alphabet, reaches above the height of all the other letters. Through learning we extend ourselves above ordinary awareness.

See also
Crosier
Ankusha

References

Goading @ TheFreeDictionary

Livestock
Farming tools
Víctor Manuel Gutiérrez

Víctor Manuel Gutiérrez Garbín (10 January 1922 – 6 March 1966) was a Guatemalan labour leader. Gutiérrez, a school teacher by profession, was head of the Confederación General de Trabajadores de Guatemala (CGTG). Born in Santa Rosa, Guatemala, Gutiérrez was a devout Catholic in his youth, and he was known as a quiet, self-spoken man. He has been referred to as the most important labour leader in Guatemala from 1944 to 1954.

Gutiérrez was a member of the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG). In 1950 he split from PCG on issues relating to the social composition of the Central Committee of the party, and he founded the Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party (PROG). In the fall of 1951 he travelled to Berlin for the World Federation of Trade Unions General Council Meeting and later to Moscow. On returning to Guatemala, Gutiérrez dissolved PROG on February 2, 1952, and rejoined PCG. The 2nd congress of PCG (which then changed name to Guatemalan Party of Labour, PGT), held the same year, elected Gutiérrez to the party Central Committee.

Gutiérrez remained a CC member of PGT until his death. On 3 March 1966, he was, along with other PGT leaders, arrested in a joint military and police operation designed with the aid of U.S. intelligence agents. He was tortured to death on March 6 and his corpse interred secretly in the countryside.

References

External links
Declassified CIA document on Gutiérrez's death
CIA document on Gutiérrez' personality

1922 births
1966 deaths
Guatemalan trade union leaders
Guatemalan Party of Labour politicians
Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party politicians
Guatemalan people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Guatemalan detention
Finnhamn

Finnhamn is a natural harbour on the island of  Stora Jolpan in the Stockholm archipelago. It is in Österåker Municipality and lies to the east of Ingmarsö and to the west of Husarö. The name Finnhamn is derived from the Finnish boats which called into the harbour on their way to and from Stockholm, and is often now used for the island as well as the harbour. Finnhamn was bought by Stockholm City in 1943. 

A wealthy coal merchant built a house here in 1915 and this is now a youth hostel which is open all year round. Other facilities on Finnhamn are holiday cabins, and a seasonally open restaurant and shop.

Two companies, Cinderellabåtarna and Waxholmsbolaget, have scheduled ferry services to the islands. The journey takes around two and a half hours from the centre of Stockholm.

External links 
 Finnhamn youth hostel

Islands of Österåker Municipality
Islands of the Stockholm archipelago
Hunfrid of Prüm

Saint Hunfrid of Prüm (died 871), commonly Saint Humphrey in English, was a Benedictine monk at the Abbey of Prüm who was reluctantly promoted to become Bishop of Thérouanne by Pope Nicholas I.

His feast day is 8 March.

External links
Hunfrid at Catholic Online
Saint of the Day, March 8: Humphrey of Pruem  at SaintPatrickDC.org

Year of birth missing
871 deaths
Frankish Benedictines
Bishops in the Carolingian Empire
Bishops of Thérouanne
Saints from the Carolingian Empire
Niu Jin

Niu Jin () ( 208–238) was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Life
Niu Jin participated in the Battle of Jiangling of 208, during which he volunteered to lead 300 horsemen to attack the enemy, but was only saved by Cao Ren when he got surrounded.

Years later, he participated in the counter-attack against the invading Shu forces in 231 and scored a victory over Zhuge Liang's unit, and pursued him to Mount Qi. In 234, he soundly defeated the Shu general Ma Dai on the battlefield and killed thousands of enemies. In 238, he followed Sima Yi on his campaign against Gongsun Yuan and was promoted to General of the Rear (後將軍).

However, Niu Jin's accomplishments in his later years had only earned him the apprehension from the Simas, thus he was ordered to commit suicide by drinking poison. The exact reasons for his death as well as the year he died remain disputed. The Yuan Shi Juan states that the incident happened "after the Year of the Horse" and that Niu Jin was poisoned by drinking toxic wine. Other records state that it was because Niu Jin committed adultery with one of the Sima relatives and was assassinated with poison arrows "during the Year of the Cow". This account is somewhat supported by Wei's records as they state that an illegitimate child was born in the Sima family. A story from unknown origin also states that Niu Jin was killed since he was actually a distant relative of the former emperor; his death date and the accuracy of this statement are difficult to verify.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Niu Jin was one of Cao Ren's subordinates. He chased Gan Ning back to Yiling during the battle of Jiangling, but was surrounded by reinforcements led by Zhou Yu, and was ultimately defeated. Niu Jin then regrouped and planned a night attack on Zhou Yu's camp, but in the end he was once again beaten, suffering another great loss.

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
 Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Generals under Cao Cao
Cao Wei generals
Chinese politicians who committed suicide
Suicides in Cao Wei
John Butcher

John Butcher may refer to:

John Butcher (musician) (born 1954), British saxophonist
John Butcher (Australian footballer) (born 1991), Australian rules footballer with the Port Adelaide Football Club
John Butcher, 1st Baron Danesfort (1853–1935), British lawyer
John C. Butcher (born 1933), New Zealand mathematician
John Butcher (British politician) (1946–2006), Conservative MP for Coventry South-West 1979–1997
John Butcher (baseball) (born 1957), former Major League Baseball player
John Butcher (English footballer) (born 1956), English association football goalkeeper who played for Blackburn

See also
Jon Butcher (born 1955), American singer and guitarist
Butcher (surname)
Kotavi

Kotavi () is an asuri in Hindu mythology and the tutelary goddess of the race of daityas. She is also identified with the goddess Durga. In the Puranas, she is depicted as the mother of Banasura. In a desperate attempt to save her son's life in his battle against Krishna, she appears unclad in front of the latter, though the deity still slices his arms.

References

Sources 
A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology & Religion by John Dowson

Characters in Hindu mythology
Tutelary deities
Asura

Characters in the Bhagavata Purana
Patrick Nolan (politician)

Patrick J. "Paddy" Nolan (March 17, 1881 – January 11, 1941) was mayor of Ottawa, Canada from 1934 to 1935.

He was born in Ottawa on St. Patrick's Day in 1881, the son of poor Irish parents. He worked as a clerk in a drug store, studied to become a pharmacist and opened his own drug store. He owned several movie theatres in the city.

Nolan was first elected to city council in 1922.

He died of influenza in 1941, aged 59.

References 

Chain of Office: Biographical Sketches of the Early Mayors of Ottawa (1847-1948), Dave Mullington ()

Businesspeople from Ontario
Mayors of Ottawa
Canadian people of Irish descent
Deaths from influenza
Infectious disease deaths in Ontario
1881 births
1941 deaths
Big-eyed cardinalfish

The big-eyed cardinalfish or bigeye cardinalfish (Epigonus lenimen) is a species of deepwater cardinalfish found in the southern Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific Ocean from south of Madagascar to New Zealand.  This fish occurs at depths from .  This species can reach  in total length.

References
Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand,  (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

Epigonidae
Taxa named by Gilbert Percy Whitley
Fish described in 1935
Liu Dai

Liu Dai (died 192), courtesy name Gongshan, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.

Life
Liu Dai was from Mouping County (牟平縣), Donglai Commandery (東萊郡), which is in present-day Muping District, Yantai, Shandong. He served as a Palace Attendant (侍中) and the Inspector of Yan Province (兗州刺史) under the Han dynasty.

In the spring of 190, Liu Dai joined the coalition of warlords led by Yuan Shao to oppose Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who controlled the central government and held Emperor Xian hostage. Later Liu Dai had disagreements with Qiao Mao, the Administrator of Dong Commandery, so he killed Qiao Mao and replaced him with Wang Gong (王肱).

Liu Dai then arranged for marriages between his family and the clans of Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. Yuan Shao allowed his family members to stay with Liu Dai, while Gongsun Zan sent his follower Fan Fang (范方) to lead troops to support Liu Dai. When Yuan Shao later developed a rivalry with Gongsun Zan, the latter broke off relations with Liu Dai as well. Gongsun Zan said to Fan Fang, "If Liu Dai does not drive away Yuan Shao's family members, you will lead your men back to our territory. I'll attack Liu Dai after I've eliminated Yuan Shao." Liu Dai was at a loss over how to handle the crisis when his adviser Wang Yu (王彧) told him to consult Cheng Yu, and Liu Dai heeded his suggestion. Cheng Yu urged Liu Dai to stand on Yuan Shao's side and Liu followed the advice. Gongsun Zan was defeated and conquered by Yuan Shao eventually.

In 192, thousands of former Yellow Turban rebels from Qing Province swarmed into Yan Province and gathered in Dongping County. Liu Dai wanted to attack the rebels but Bao Xin advised him against it. Liu Dai ignored Bao Xin and proceeded to attack the Yellow Turbans, and was defeated and killed in battle.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Yan Province was conquered by the warlord Cao Cao, Liu Dai had no choice but to surrender. After losing his domain, he attacked Liu Bei, but was defeated and robbed of his position. Liu Dai followed his adviser Bao Xin's suggestion to join Cao Cao and had since been engaged in suppressing the Yellow Turban remnants. As his achievements increased, Liu Dai became more overconfident and he refused to listen to Bao Xin, which resulted in their deaths.

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
 Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi).
 Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).

2nd-century births
192 deaths
Han dynasty people killed in battle
Han dynasty government officials
Han dynasty warlords
Gary Smith (guitarist)

Gary Smith is an avant-garde guitarist, improviser and composer from the United Kingdom. He is known for developing dense extended techniques on electric guitar. Gary Smith has released close to twenty albums in solo, group and live settings with Shoji Hano, Rhys Chatham, John Stevens, Hugh Hopper, Masayoshi Urabe, Chie Mukai, Aufgehoben No Process, and Bill Fay.

Selected discography
Gary Smith: Rhythm Guitar (Impetus) 1991 		
Gary Smith: Stereo (Chronoscope) 1996
Gary Smith & John Stevens: S/T (Ecstatic Peace) 1996
Gary Smith: Forgotten Room With Chairs (Fmr) 1998
Mass: Mass (Paratactile) 1998
Mass: From Zero (Paratactile) 1998
Powerfield: Electronic/Electric/Electronic (Paratactile) 1999
Glass Cage: Glass Cage (Paratactile) 2001
Aufgehoben No Process Vs Gary Smith: Magnetic Mountain (Junior Meat) 2001
Masayoshi Urabe & Gary Smith: S/T (Paratactile) 2001 		
Aufgehoben: Anno Fauve (Riot Season) 2004
Gary Smith: Future Thought Reveal 2003 (Paratactile) 2003
Mass: Mixed Media (Paratactile) 2003
Mukai Chie & Gary Smith: Eight+ (Paratactile) 2005
Bill Fay Group: Tomorrow Tomorrow and Tomorrow (Durtro) 2005
Gary Smith: Supertexture (Sijis) 2006

References

External links
Gary Smith in The Wire magazine

20th-century British guitarists
21st-century British guitarists
Free improvisation
English jazz guitarists
English male guitarists
English rock guitarists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians
British male jazz musicians
FMR Records artists
Ecstatic Peace! artists
Ashvattha

According to Hindu scriptures, Aśvattha, () or Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa), is a sacred tree for the Hindus and has been extensively mentioned in texts pertaining to Hinduism, for example as peepul in Rig Veda mantra I.164.20. In Buddhism, the Bodhi Tree under which Gautama Buddha gained enlightenment is also of the same species.

Adi Shankara derives it from shva (tomorrow) and stha (that which remains). Ashva (horse) and stha (situated), meaning where horses are tied, is another derivation.

Yama, while instructing Naciketa describes the eternal Asvattha tree with its root upwards, and branches downwards, which is the pure immortal Brahman, in which all these worlds are situated, and beyond which there is nothing else (Katha Upanishad Verse II.iii.1). Meanwhile, Krishna tells us that the Asvattha tree having neither end nor beginning nor stationariness whatsoever has its roots upwards and branches downwards whose branches are nourished by the Gunas and whose infinite roots spread in the form of action in the human world which though strong are to be cut off by the forceful weapon of detachment to seek the celestial abode from which there is no return (Bhagavad Gita XV.1-4). The former teaches that the Asvattha tree is real being identical with Brahman and therefore impossible to cut-off; the latter insists that the Asvattha tree must be regarded as unreal being identical with existence which needs to be cut-off. 

The fire sticks used in Hindu sacrificial fire like agnihotra also contain dried wood of ashvatha tree.

See also

 World tree

References

Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend () by Anna Dallapiccola

Individual trees
Trees in mythology

Trees in Buddhism
Sacred trees in Hinduism
Robert Pilkington

Robert Rivington Pilkington (8 February 1870 – 30 June 1942) was an Irish politician who sat in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the British House of Commons.

Robert Pilkington was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1870. He was educated at Uppingham and Pembroke College, Cambridge, attaining a Bachelor of Arts before being called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1893.

In 1894, Pilkington emigrated to Western Australia. He practiced law initially at York in 1895, and then at Perth. He returned to Ireland in 1899, marrying Ethel Longworth-Dames there on 13 December; they had one daughter before her death in 1920. After returning to Perth, Pilkington was made a King's Counsel in 1906, and practiced in partnership with Walter James from 1907.

On 22 July 1917, Pilkington was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Perth in a by-election occasioned by the resignation of James Connolly, who had been appointed Agent-General for Western Australia in London. He held the seat until the election of 12 March 1921, when he did not contest the seat.  Victor Courtney somewhat uncharitably described him as "a tall, austere, aloof English lawyer... quite out of touch with public opinion... He was a dyed-in-the-wool conservative and did not care who knew. I name him as the giver of the most tactless answer to a questioner I have ever heard".

Pilkington returned to England later in 1921, and at the 1922 general election he stood unsuccessfully as a Liberal Party candidate for the two-member House of Commons constituency of Dundee. Pilkington was nominated to oppose Winston Churchill by a rebel group of Liberals including Garnet Wilson. At the 1923 general election he won the seat of Keighley in West Yorkshire, but did not stand again at the 1924 general election.

He died at Wimbledon, England, on 30 June 1942, and was cremated at Putney Vale Cemetery.

References

External links 
 

Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Pilkington, Robert Rivington
Patrick Nolan

Patrick or Pat Nolan may refer to:

Paddy Nolan (1862–1913), early Canadian lawyer
Paddy Nolan (ice hockey) (1897–1957), 1920s Canadian ice hockey player
Pat Nolan (born 1950), American lawyer
Pat Nolan (hurler) (1937–2021), Irish hurler
Patrick Joseph Nolan (1894–1984), Irish physicist
Patrick Nolan (artistic director) (fl. 2000s–present), Australian director of Kura Tungar – Songs from the River (2004)
Patrick Nolan (politician) (1881–1941), Canadian politician, mayor of Ottawa
Central American and Caribbean Games

The Central American and Caribbean Games (CAC or CACGs) are a multi-sport regional championship event, held quadrennial (once every four years), typically in the middle (even) year between Summer Olympics. The games are for 32 countries and 5 territories in Central America, the Caribbean (Caribbean Countries), Mexico, and the South American Caribbean countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The games are overseen by Centro Caribe Sports (formerly CACSO). They are designed to provide a step between sub-CACG-region Games held the first year following a Summer Olympics (e.g. Central American Games) and the Continental Championships, the Pan American Games, held the year before the Summer Olympics.

The last Games were held in San Salvador between 23 June to 8 July 2023. The next Games will be held in Santo Domingo,Dominican Republic as main host in 2026.

History 
The CACGs are the oldest continuing regional games in the world, and only the Olympics have run longer. Mexico, Cuba and Guatemala were the three countries present at the first games, which were then called the Central American Games. In 1935 their name was changed to Central American and Caribbean Games to reflect expanding participation.

The 1942 edition was suspended after the impact of the World War II.

A "Central American Games" does exist today, Juegos Centroamericanos, involving just Central American countries.

Editions

The first two editions of the Games were known as the "Central American Games" at the time, but the edition lineage continued after the inclusion of the Caribbean nations in 1935.

Sports

Nations

Historical medal count 

Updated after the 2023 Games:

Central American and Caribbean Beach Games

Central American and Caribbean Junior Games

See also
Centro Caribe Sports – organizers of the Central American and Caribbean Games
Pan American Games
Bolivarian Games
Central American and Caribbean Games on Spanish Wikipedia 
Athletics at the Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American Games
South American Games
 Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation
 Latin American Table Tennis Union

References

Citations 
 

 
International sports competitions in Central America
International sports competitions in the Caribbean
Recurring sporting events established in 1926
Multi-sport events in North America
Richard Drummie

Richard Drummie (born 20 March 1959) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. Drummie and Peter Cox are the founding members of musical group Go West.

Early career and Go West

Drummie was born in London. He began writing with longtime collaborator Peter Cox, with whom he eventually signed a publishing deal. In 1982, the two formed the band Go West, with Cox as lead singer and Drummie on guitar and backing vocals. For the next few years, Go West tried to land a recording contract until, with the help of manager John Glover and producer Gary Stevenson, they finally recorded their first two singles: "We Close Our Eyes" and "Call Me".

After Go West signed a deal with Chrysalis Records, "We Close Our Eyes" became a top 5 hit in the UK Singles Chart in 1985. Other Go West singles released that year included "Call Me" (1985) and "Don't Look Down". The following year, Go West was named 'Best Newcomer' at the 1986 BRIT Awards.

In 1990, Go West finally achieved success in the United States with their single "King of Wishful Thinking", which reached No. 8 on the U.S. chart and was featured on the soundtrack of the film Pretty Woman. "Faithful", released in 1992, reached No. 14 in the States.

Personal life
Drummie, who grew up in Skelmersdale and Ormskirk with his grandparents, has two children: a son and a daughter. In 1993, he and Cox moved to Los Angeles, but Drummie returned to the United Kingdom in 1996.

References

1959 births
Living people
English pop guitarists
English male guitarists
English male songwriters
English record producers
Go West (band) members
Musicians from London
Wadsley Bridge railway station

Wadsley Bridge railway station was a station in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England on the Great Central Railway's core route between Manchester and Sheffield.

History

The station opened on 14 July 1845 as part of the then Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway, on its original route from Bridgehouses in Sheffield (soon superseded by Sheffield Victoria) to Manchester London Road. This route became more popularly known as the Woodhead Line. The station stood on the north side of Halifax Road between Neepsend and Oughtibridge stations.

The station closed to regular passenger service on 15 June 1959, with the Woodhead Line itself closing to passengers in 1970. However, Wadsley Bridge railway station still saw occasional passenger use.  summer specials were advertised until 31 October 1965, Between 15 and 19 February 1979, British Rail temporarily reopened the station (along with Dronfield and the Midland Main Line platforms at Dore) because road transport throughout Sheffield had been brought to a standstill by heavy snowfall.  All Sheffield–Huddersfield trains served the station during that period, and a special single fare of £0.16 was charged.Sheffield–Huddersfield passenger trains continued to run through the station until 1983 and football specials used the station until 1994, serving Sheffield Wednesday's Hillsborough Stadium. Official closure took place in 1997 after which the station platforms were abandoned.

Present
The station buildings survived until final closure, but have since been demolished. The two platforms remain, however they are in a visibly poor condition. Passing through the station is the single line from Sheffield to Stocksbridge - this has been retained for occasional freight workings to steel mills in Stocksbridge.

An old station sign, almost certainly from the signal box, can be seen attached to the adjacent John Fairest Funeral Home (see picture).

In 2008 the weighbridge was removed and reconstructed at Levisham railway station on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.

References

External links
Subterranea Britannica: Wadsley Bridge Station
Woodhead Railway and its electrification
Sheffield Victoria and the Woodhead Route
Wadsley Bridge station in 2002, looking towards Sheffield
Wadsley Bridge station in 1986
Wadsley Bridge station
The Woodhead Route

Disused railway stations in Sheffield
Former Great Central Railway stations
Woodhead Line
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1997
1845 establishments in England
1997 disestablishments in England
Kikai

Kikai is a Japanese name and may refer to:

Places in Japan
Kikai Caldera, Ōsumi Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture
Kikai Island, one the Amami Islands
Kikai, Kagoshima, a town on Kikaijima, Kagoshima Prefecture

Other uses
Kikai language, a dialect cluster spoken on Kikai Island, Japan
Hiroh Kikai (b. 1945), Japanese photographer
Coup d'etat (comics)

"Coup d'Etat" was a 2004 comic book crossover storyline published by Wildstorm Comics.

Publication history
The story ran across 4 issues, each featuring one of the major titles in the Wildstorm Universe at that time: Sleeper, Stormwatch: Team Achilles, Wildcats 3.0 and The Authority. Each issue of the overarching storyline, which Jim Lee described as a  "stand alone 4 part mini-series event", is a one-shot focusing on one of the four different groups and created by their respective writers and artists.

There was also an "Afterword" issue including a preview to the second volume of Sleeper and a preview to the second volume of Wetworks, which was launched in mid-2006 by creator Whilce Portacio and writer Mike Carey.

Plot
In Coup d'Etat, Tao places a device in the hands of the U.S. Government that allows them to enter the Bleed, where it exploded, damaging a vessel of an alien race and starting an interdimensional war. The crossover had important consequences for the Wildstorm Universe with the Authority taking control over the U.S. Government and Stormwatch: Team Achilles being forced underground.

For Stormwatch: Team Achilles and Wildcats 3.0, most of these consequences could not be explored as both series were cancelled shortly afterwards. The Authority taking control of the U.S. Government led into the events of The Authority: Revolution.

Reception
Both the "Sleeper" and "Afterword" issues sold out, despite of what DC described as "generous overprints".

Collected editions
The story was collected into a trade paperback:

 Coup d'Etat (collects "Sleeper", "Stormwatch: Team Achilles", "Wildcats 3.0" and "The Authority" in that order, 112 pages, November 2004, )

See also
 List of Wildstorm titles
 Wildstorm: Armageddon, another Wildstorm series where each issue was from a different Wildstorm title

Notes

References

External links
Review of "Afterword", Comics Bulletin

WildStorm storylines
Oulton Academy

Oulton Academy (formerly Royds Academy, Royds School), founded in 1956, is a co-educational secondary school located in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The school serves approximately 1,300 pupils. Royds School was originally a secondary modern and is now a non-selective school serving Rothwell, south Leeds and the surrounding areas.

The school originally gained Specialist Language College status in 2003. This was removed in 2014.

On 3 November 2010 Royds School was visited by American popstar singer and songwriter Alexis Jordan, performing 'Good Girl' and 'Happiness', as part of a 96.3 Radio Aire campaign for 100% school attendance through November.

Royds School became a Premier UK Rock Challenge school in 2011 after winning the Northern Open Heat and Northern Open Final. Royds maintained this prestigious title until the school was stripped of its premier status in 2014 due to not competing. Royds School qualified to their second Northern Open Final in April 2015 by being the highest scoring runner-up at their open heat. In March 2017, Royds were once again victorious in their Northern Open Heat, qualifying for their third Northern Open Final, on 30 June.

Previously a foundation school administered by Leeds City Council, in April 2021 Royds School converted to academy status and was renamed Royds Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Falcon Education Academies Trust.

In Summer 2021, consultation took place with staff and parents, and it was agreed that Royds Academy would change its name to Oulton Academy in 2022.

References

External links
 

Academies in Leeds
Secondary schools in Leeds
Rothwell, West Yorkshire
Educational institutions established in 1956
1956 establishments in England
Beast (Trojan horse)

Beast is a Windows-based backdoor trojan horse, more commonly known in the hacking community as a Remote Administration Tool or a "RAT". It is capable of infecting versions of Windows from 95 to XP. Written in Delphi and released first by its author Tataye in 2002, it became quite popular due to its unique features. It used the typical client–server model where the client would be under operation by the attacker and the server is what would infect the victim. Beast was one of the first trojans to feature a reverse connection to its victims, and once established it gave the attacker complete control over the infected computer. The virus would be harmless until opened. When opened, the virus would use the code injection method to inject itself into other applications.

On a machine running Windows XP, removal of these three files in safe mode with system restore turned off would disinfect the system.

Usage

The default ports used for the direct and reverse connections were 6666 and 9999 respectively, though the attacker had the option of changing these. Beast came with a built-in firewall bypasser and had the ability of terminating some Anti-Virus or firewall processes. It also came with a file binder that could be used to join two or more files together into one executable.

See also
ILOVEYOU
List of computer viruses

References

Windows trojans
Pascal (programming language) software
Wreckfish

The wreckfish are a family, Polyprionidae in the suborder Percoidei of the order Perciformes.

They are deep-water marine fish and can be found on the ocean bottom, where they inhabit caves and shipwrecks (thus their common name). Their scientific name is from Greek poly meaning "many" and prion meaning "saw", a reference to their prominent spiny fins.

Atlantic wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) are a long-lived commercial species in the Mediterranean, the south-eastern Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean.

Genera
There are six species in two genera:

 Genus Polyprion Oken, 1817
 Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
 Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801)
 Genus Stereolepis Ayres, 1859
 Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859
 Stereolepis doederleini Lindberg & Krasyukova, 1969

The Asian sea basses  of the genus Lateolabrax have been classified in the Polyprionidae, Moronidae or in its own monogeneric family Lateobracidae within the order Acropomatiformes.

References

 
Percoidei