alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
List of roots rock bands and musicians

Roots rock is "a style of rock music that draws material from various American musical traditions including country, blues, and folk." The term is sometimes used in a broader sense to encompass other genres of Americana, including early rock and roll, country rock, and other related forms.

This list includes performers who have been associated with "roots rock" by music reviewers, music historians, or music journalists:

A

Alabama Shakes
The Allman Brothers Band
Amazing Rhythm Aces
Eric Ambel

B

Badlees
The Band
The Blasters
Blind Melon
Ben Harper
Billy Eli

Blue Mountain
BoDeans
Bob Dylan
Bob Seger
Bonnie Raitt
Bottle Rockets
Brian Setzer
Bronze Radio Return
Buddy Miller

C

Calexico
Charlie Daniels
Chris Isaak
Chris Whitley
Counting Crows
Cracker
Creedence Clearwater Revival

D

Dave Alvin
Dawes
The Del Fuegos
The Del-Lords
Dire Straits
The Dirty Guv'nahs
Doug Sahm

E
Eagles

G

The Georgia Satellites
Giant Sand
Golden Smog
Grace Potter and the Nocturnals
Grateful Dead

H

Heartsfield
Hillstomp
Hootie and the Blowfish

J

J.J. Cale
Jill Andrews
John Butler Trio
John Fogerty
John Mellencamp

K

Kansas
Kathleen Edwards
The Killers

L

Larkin Poe
Lee Rocker
The Legendary Shack Shakers
Link Wray
Little Feat
Los Lobos
Lynyrd Skynyrd

M

Mark Knopfler
The Marshall Tucker Band
The Mavericks
Maxim Ludwig & The Santa Fe Seven
Molly Hatchet
Murder by Death

N

Neko Case
Neil Young

P
The Proclaimers

R

Reckless Kelly
Ry Cooder

S

Sally Jaye
Sheryl Crow
The Silos
Skydiggers
Son Volt
Steve Earle
Steve Miller Band
The Steepwater Band
Swinging Steaks
The Subdudes
The Swearengens

T

Train
The Traveling Wilburys

U
Uncle Tupelo

W

The Wallflowers
Webb Wilder
Wilco
Willard Grant Conspiracy
Wolf Mail

Z
ZZ Top

See also
Southern rock
Heartland rock

References

Roots rock
Roots rock
Sündersbühl station

Sündersbühl station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U3.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 2008
2008 establishments in Germany
Inglenook (disambiguation)

An inglenook (Modern Scots ingleneuk), or chimney corner, is a small recess that adjoins a fireplace.

Inglenook may also refer to:

Inglenook, California, community in Mendocino County
Inglenook (winery), vineyards and winery in Rutherford, California
Inglenook Sidings, a railway shunting puzzle
Inglenook Community School, an alternative high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Inglenook, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community 

Chimney Corner may also refer to:

Chimney Corner, West Virginia in Fayette County, United States
Chimney Corner, Nova Scotia in Inverness County, Canada
Chimney Corner F.C.,  a football (soccer) club in Northern Ireland
Gustav-Adolf-Straße station

Gustav-Adolf-Straße station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U3. Named for the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 2008
Maxfeld station

Maxfeld station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U3.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 2008
Trout Inn

Trout Inn may refer to:

 The Trout Inn, Oxfordshire, England
 Trout Inn, Lechlade, Gloucestershire, England
St. Leonhard station

St. Leonhard station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the line U2.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1984
1984 establishments in West Germany
Schweinau station

Schweinau station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U2.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1984
1984 establishments in West Germany
Röthenbach station

Röthenbach station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station and is the terminus of the U2 line.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1986
1986 establishments in West Germany
Elizabeth: Almost by Chance a Woman

Elizabeth: Almost by Chance a Woman (Italian title: Quasi per caso una donna: Elisabetta) is a play by Dario Fo written in 1984.  Franca Rame plays Elizabeth I of England, while Fo plays her transvestite cosmetic adviser.

Plot summary
The play takes place in the boudoir of Elizabeth I of England. In the midst of political upheaval aging Elizabeth is eagerly awaiting the arrival of her lover, the Earl of Essex, who is involved in an attempted coup d'etat against the queen. In order to prepare for this tryst, she has summoned her beautician, Dame Grosslady, who speaks primarily in grammelot.

Features
It is not unusual for Fo to violate nineteenth century theatre conventions of the fourth wall in his work. Elizabeth: Almost by Chance a Woman does this to a greater degree than most of his work.

In the original production, Dame Grosslady was played by Fo and Elizabeth was played by his wife Franca Rame. This fact was often alluded to in improvisations. At one point Fo drops any pretence at playing a role, and addresses the audience as a playwright who is married to the lead actress. These improvisations made their way into the published script.

The first American production opened with an open letter to then U.S. President, Ronald Reagan, in which Fo addressed Reagan as a fellow actor, ironically thanking him for the free publicity afforded to Fo due to the earlier refusal by the State Department to grant him a visa. This letter also notes that any semblance between Elizabeth and Reagan, in terms of personal  vanity, covert operations (one scheme enacted by Elizabeth's spies has a remarkable similarity to the Iran-Contra Affair) is purely coincidental. This letter appears in the English language version translated by Ron Jenkins.

Elizabeth speculates over the course of the play, that William Shakespeare's characters Hamlet, Cleopatra and Richard II are satirical portrayals of herself. Fo, both in his role of Dame Grosslady and in his open letter to President Reagan, denies Elizabeth's speculation that Shakespeare would have ever written political satire.

Further reading

References

1984 plays
Plays by Dario Fo
I Wish You Were Here

I wish you were here may refer to:

Zaion: I Wish You Were Here, a Japanese anime video animation
"I Wish You Were Here", a song by Matchbook Romance on their 2006 album Voices
"I Wish You Were Here", a 2001 hit underground house music song by John Creamer & Stephane K ft. Nkemdi
"I Wish You Were Here", a song by Offer Nissim featuring Maya Simantov

See also 
 Wish You Were Here (disambiguation)
2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships

The 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Luis Puig Palace in Valencia, Spain, March 7–9, 2008.

Bid
Valencia was announced the winning bidder by the IAAF on November 13, 2005 at an IAAF Council meeting in Moscow, Russia.

Results

Men
2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012

Women
2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012

Medal table

Participating nations

 (2)
 (1)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (9)
 (2)
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 (4)
 (9)
 (4)
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 (6)
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 (47)
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 (49)
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References

External links

Official website of 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships 

 
World Indoor Championships
Ath
World Athletics Indoor Championships
Sports competitions in Valencia
International athletics competitions hosted by Spain
21st century in Valencia
March 2008 sports events in Europe
Opernhaus station

Opernhaus station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U2 and U3.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1988
Buildings and structures completed in 1988
1988 establishments in West Germany
Super Indian

Super Indian is a superhero appearing in Indian comics published by Raj Comics.

Origin
Aman, the alter ego of Super Indian, is depicted as a clone created by the fictional terrorist leader Ahankari, following a life-threatening confrontation with infiltrator William Boother. Seeking a successor, Ahankari enlisted the expertise of Dr. Heathrow to meticulously replicate every aspect of himself through cloning. The accelerated growth of the clone was facilitated by cloned genes, rapidly bringing him to adulthood. To mold Aman into a worthy successor, a group of super villains were tasked with training and equipping him.

Notably concerned that Aman might inherit his son's malevolence, Ahankari's father arranged for the intervention of the Indian mystic "Rudraksh Baba" to oversee the upbringing of his grandson. Despite initial resistance, Rudraksh Baba effectively purged all malevolent inclinations from the clone, confining them under the symbolic mark of a Trident, signifying the influence of Lord Shiva. As an unexpected side effect of this mystical process, Aman's skin would turn blue whenever he sensed evil.

Under the guidance of Rudraksh Baba, Aman adopted the name Super Indian and assumed the role of a heroic figure, embodying Indian mysticism by wearing the ceremonial Indian "dhoti." He further honed his heroic skills by learning from various Indian Superheroes from the Raj Comics universe. His protective efforts extended to India and the technologically advanced Metro City, serving as his operational base. Due to lacking any biological relatives, he affectionately refers to all members of P.O.E.M (Protectors Of Earth & Mankind) as his uncles and aunt, acknowledging them as his guardians in this world.

Enemies
As soon as he started crime-fighting, Super Indian has made his own share of rogues gallery who threaten his life and the City he protects. His nemesis includes :

· Uncle Metro : He is the Crime Lord of Metro City, who claims that no crime happens in Metro City without his knowledge or permission. His nephew Petro was severely injured during the battle with Super Indian, and ultimately got into coma. He vowed revenge on Super Indian for sending his nephew to coma and wants to kill him out of vengeance.

· Nephew Petro : The nephew of the Crime Lord, Uncle Metro. He was severely injured during his first fight with Super Indian and is currently in coma.

· Red Eyebrow : A scientific genius, Red Eyebrow wanted himself to be the developer of the Metro City, but lost to some other scientist. Now he seeks vengeance on the city and wants to destroy it completely and recreate it all by himself.

Super Indian's Comic Issues
Raj Comics has published the following titles as Super Indian's issues:

External links
Raj Comics
NilnNilu Antipiracy Comic Group
 List of titles by Raj Comics

Raj Comics superheroes
Male characters in comics
Fictional Indian people
Indian superheroes
Indian mythology in popular culture
Hindu mythology in popular culture
Plärrer station

Plärrer station is the only Nuremberg U-Bahn station apart from Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof to have an interchange with all the U-Bahn lines – the U1, U2, and U3. Like Aufseßplatz, Hauptbahnhof and Friedrich Ebert Platz orange tiles indicate its intended use as an interchange station between different subway main lines. The station is named after the Plärrer, long an important interchange of various types of transportation including the site of the Nuremberg terminus for the Bavarian Ludwig Railway. Despite folk etymology linking the name to the local word "plärren" for screaming, it likely derives from Plarre a now disused word for a square.

References

Nuremberg U-Bahn stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1980
1980 establishments in West Germany
Thomas Scatcherd

Thomas Scatcherd (November 10, 1823 – April 15, 1876) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure. He represented Middlesex North as a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1876.

He was born in Wyton in Middlesex County, Upper Canada in 1823. His father, John Scatcherd, represented West Middlesex in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 until his death in 1858. He married Isabella Sprague, granddaughter of Elias Moore, who had represented Middlesex in the Legislative Assembly during the Rebellions of 1837.1 Thomas articled in law in London and Toronto and entered practice in 1849. In 1849, he became solicitor for the town of London. In 1861, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for West Middlesex; he was reelected in 1863. He opposed Confederation because he felt that it was structured to favour Canada East. With George Brown, he strongly opposed a bill introduced in 1866 to extend privileges to Roman Catholic schools in Canada West which were being proposed for Protestant schools in Canada East by Alexander Tilloch Galt; their resistance led to the withdrawal of both bills and the resignation of Galt.

He died in Ottawa in 1876 while in office. His brother Robert Colin represented Middlesex North from 1876 to 1878.

References
1. Morgan, Henry James. The Canadian Parliamentary Companion, p. 72, Quebec: Desbarats and Derbishire, (1863)

External links
 
 

1823 births
1876 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Blue/Orange

Blue/Orange is a play written by English dramatist, Joe Penhall. The play is a sardonically comic piece which touches on race, mental illness and 21st-century British life.

Productions 
The play premiered in the Cottesloe Theatre at the Royal National Theatre, London beginning previews from 7 April 2000 with an opening night on 13 April, where it ran in repertory until 23 August, starring Bill Nighy as Robert, Andrew Lincoln as Bruce and Chiwetel Ejiofor as Christoper. The production was directed by Roger Michell, designed by William Dudley, lighting by Rick Fisher and sound by Neil Alexander. 

The production transferred to the Duchess Theatre (re-configuring the stalls for an in-the-round setting) in London's West End beginning previews on 24 April 2001, with an opening night on 30 April with Nighy, Lincoln and Ejiofor reprising their roles until 18 August. From 20 August, the second cast featured Shaun Parkes as Christopher, Neil Stuke as Bruce and David Threlfall as Robert until the production closed on 15 December 2001.

In 2007, an audio production of the play was released starring Daniel Davis, Teagle F. Bougere and Matt Letscher.

In 2008, Plain Clothes Theatre Productions toured the show around the South-West. Venues included the Tobacco Factory, Bristol; and Cheltenham Everyman and the Rondo Theatre, Bath.

In 2012 ran at the Theatre Royal, Brighton starring Robert Bathurst, Gerard McCarthy and Oliver Wilson.

A 2016 revival ran at the Young Vic directed by Matthew Xia starred David Haig as Robert, Daniel Kaluuya as Christopher and Luke Norris as Bruce.

A 2019 production ran at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre directed by Daniel Bailey starred Thomas Coombes as Bruce, Richard Lintern as Robert and Ivan Oyik as Christopher. 

A 2021 production will tour Theatre Royal, Bath, Oxford Playhouse and Royal & Derngate, Northampton directed by James Dacre and starring Giles Terera as Robert, Michael Balogun as Christopher and Ralph Davis as Bruce.

Synopsis

Blurb of the published edition:

In a London psychiatric hospital, an enigmatic patient claims to be the son of an African dictator - a story that becomes unnervingly plausible. BLUE/ORANGE is an incendiary tale of race, madness and a Darwinian power struggle at the heart of a dying National Health Service.

Film adaption
In 2005, the play was adapted into a BBC television film directed by Howard Davies starring Brian Cox, John Simm and Shaun Parkes.

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 
 

2000 plays
English plays
Off-Broadway plays
Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays
West End plays
British plays adapted into films
Andrew Ketcham Barnett

Andrew Ketcham Barnett (1852–1914) was a mineral collector and dealer in Penzance, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. He was Principal of the Penzance School of Mines (now part of the Camborne School of Mines), lectured on mining, and helped to build their mineral collection. He also served as Mayor of Penzance on seven occasions from 1906 to 1913.

Cooper writes of him:
"Barnett was born in Chacewater, Cornwall in 1852. He was an original member of the Mineralogical Society, a Fellow of the Geological Society from 1875, and President of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall 1907–08, having been awarded their Bolitho Medal in 1906. His classes on mineralogy in 1873 led to the establishment of the Mining and Science School at Penzance of which he became Principal. He was mayor of Penzance seven times from 1906 to 1913. Active as a mineral dealer from at least 1876 to 1887 at Chyandour, Penzance, he specialized in local specimens and occasionally sold minerals brought back from Australia by "Cousin Jack." In the 1881 Census he described himself as an assayer. He is the author of the now-rare Elementary Inorganic Chemistry; lecture notes, ca. 1900."

References

1852 births
1914 deaths
Geologists from Cornwall
Mineralogists from Cornwall
People from Penzance
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Mayors of places in Cornwall
People from Chacewater
Presidents of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall
HSwMS Carlskrona (P04)

HSwMS Carlskrona (in Swedish: HMS Carlskrona) is the longest vessel in the Swedish Navy at . Only , the submarine rescue vessel, has more displacement. She was originally designed as a minelayer and is also used for exercise expeditions. She replaced  in both roles.

Construction and career

Carlskrona was built by the Karlskrona shipyard, the largest ship ever built there. Not only was the ship designed as a minelayer, but she was also constructed to be used as the Swedish Navy's long-travel ship.

The launch took place on 28 May 1980 with 3,000 invited guests, where the king Carl XVI Gustaf christened the ship. A music corps and ceremonial company was included in ceremony and among the guests were Defense Minister Eric Krönmark, the Chief of the Navy, Vice Admiral Per Rudberg and the Director General of the Defence Materiel Administration Ove Ljung. On 19 March 1982 the ship was delivered to the navy, where she replaced  and the long travel ship.

During the Cold War, large minelayers like Carlskrona were very important in the Swedish defense strategy, causing the ship to be without a role after the restructuring of the Swedish Armed Forces in the early 2000s. Carlskrona was refitted in 2002. The refit left the ship fit for active service until at least 2018–20. In 2009–2010 she was modified for the Ocean Patrol Vessel (OPV) role and redesignated from M to P (P04). Carlskrona took part in the EUNAVFOR operation in the Gulf of Aden (Somalia) in 2010. She left the naval base at Karlskrona, Sweden on 13 March 2010, and commenced her mission as HQ ship for the EU operation on 15 April.

On 6 May 2016 Carlskrona collided with the ferry Yxlan outside Karlskrona in the Baltic Sea. The ship received minor damage and returned to active duty only ten days later.

In August 2016 the ship was dry-docked to give the ship a 10 year extension refit that will extend its service-life to 2025. The ship was handed back to the Swedish Navy on 16 June 2017.

Both the 57 mm guns were removed. The aft gun was removed when the helicopter pad was expanded and the forward 57 mm gun was removed when the ship was mothballed in 2007 as it was of an older type that was no longer used on any other ships in the Swedish Navy.

On 13 May 2022, Carlskrona took part in a PASSEX training with the Finnish and American navies in the northern Baltic Sea.

References

  3rd Surface Warfare Flotilla - HMS Carlskrona
  Örlogsboken 2003

Naval ships of Sweden
Ships of the Swedish Navy
1980 ships
Ships built in Karlskrona
Illinois Route 18

Illinois Route 18 (IL 18) is a rural east–west state route in central Illinois. It runs east from the town of Henry at Illinois Route 29 to the town of Blackstone at Illinois Route 17. This is a distance of .

Route description 

Illinois 18 crosses the Illinois River at Henry, and is the first river crossing south of Interstate 180. The terrain is generally flat outside of the Illinois River Valley area. In Streator, Illinois 18 westbound becomes Main Street. Eastbound, it becomes Bridge Street. Illinois 18 is also known as North 13th Road and East 24th Road in LaSalle County.

History 
From 1918 through 1935, SBI Route 18 ran from Chicago to Princeton using what used to be part of U.S. Route 32. Since then, IL 18 as well as part of US 32 were superseded by US 34. In 1939, it was applied to what was then SBI Routes 89B and 89C as well as part of SBI Route 17. The next year, the route was completed and Illinois 17 moved to a new highway south of Streator.

Major intersections

References

External links

 Illinois Highway Ends: Illinois Route 18

018
U.S. Route 34
Transportation in Stark County, Illinois
Transportation in Marshall County, Illinois
Transportation in Putnam County, Illinois
Transportation in LaSalle County, Illinois
Transportation in Livingston County, Illinois
Gordon Cyrus

Gordon Cyrus is a Swedish musician, record producer, sound engineer, and designer.  Cyrus was a member of the rock/pop group Whale along with Cia Berg and Henrik Schyffert, and discovered The Latin Kings. He was a member of the 90's Swedish hip hop scene.

In the early '90s he founded urban music label Breakin' Bread together with Ayodele "DJ Rock Ski" Shekoni, Desmond Foster, Damon "D-Frost" Frost, Daddy Boastin, Leafnuts, Aaron Phiri, Hearin' Aid, Freddie "Red Astaire" Cruger, Ayodele Ajayi Eriksson aka Ayo and Adam Jewelle Baptiste aka ADL.

Cyrus has produced Addis Black Widow, Calypso Rose, Cheb Mami, China Moses, Shuba-K, Daara J Family, Jean-Louis Aubert, The Latin Kings, Whale.

Mixed and engineered: Absent Minded, Addis Black Widow, Nils Landgren's Funk Unit, Magnum Coltrane Price, Ikiz, Aline de Lima, and Calypso Rose.

Cyrus has also worked as a music video director and worked with Blacknuss Allstars, soul singer Eric Gadd, The Latin Kings, Stonefunkers and D-FE.

References

Living people
Date of birth unknown
Swedish music video directors
Swedish bass guitarists
1966 births
TFF First League

The   TFF First League, officially known as Trendyol 1. Lig for sponsorship reasons, is the second level of the Turkish football league system. The league was founded in 2001 as the Turkish Second League Category A after the reorganization of the Second Football League, which was the second level of the Turkish league system between 1963 and 2001. The league was called Türk Telekom Lig A in the 2006–2007 season, and was renamed to TFF First League prior to the 2007–08 season. As of 16 January 2008 the league was renamed as Bank Asya 1. Lig. In April 2012 Bank Asya withdrew as sponsor of the league. During the 2012–2016 seasons the league was known under the terms of a sponsorship deal as the PTT 1. Lig. Nowadays the league is called the TFF First League once again.

Before the 2005–06 season, the top three teams were promoted to Süper Lig and the bottom three teams were relegated to the Turkish Second League Category B. Since the 2005–06 season through 2008–09, the top two teams are directly promoted to the Süper Lig, the teams finishing 3rd through 6th competed in a play-off. The third-placed team played a match with the sixth-placed team, while the fourth-placed team played against the fifth-placed team. The winners of both matches then played against each other to decide the third team that was promoted. In 2009–10 the third team was determined by play-off group games, in which the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th teams of normal season played in a one-game league system in a neutral venue. In 2010–11 play-off status changed again and elimination match system came back but this time on a two-leg (home and away) basis.

In the 2022–23 season, the 3rd team will advance directly to the play-off final and the teams finishing 4th through 7th will compete in the play-off. The fourth-placed team will play against the seventh-placed team, while the fifth-placed team will play against the sixth-placed team in a one-game format, in the home grounds of the 4th and 5th teams. In the next round, the qualified teams will compete in a two-legged format to advance to the final. The final will be held in a neutral venue.

Current clubs

Winners and promoted clubs

Play-off era

Promoted clubs

1 Third teams are play-off winners.

Relegated clubs

See also
Süper Lig
TFF Second League
TFF Third League
Turkish Regional Amateur League
Turkish Amateur Football Leagues
Turkish Cup

References

External links

  Turkish Football Federation

 
Sports leagues established in 2001
2001 establishments in Turkey
2
Turk
Professional sports leagues in Turkey
Vintcent van der Bijl

Vintcent Adriaan Pieter van der Bijl (born 19 March 1948) is a retired South African cricketer.  He was born in Rondebosch, Cape Town, where his father, Pieter van der Bijl, was  headmaster of the Diocesan College Preparatory School after retiring from playing first-class cricket for Western Province and South Africa.  His grandfather, V.A.W. van der Bijl (also Vintcent), and great-uncle, Voltelin van der Bijl, also played first-class cricket for Western Province.

He was educated at the Diocesan College Rondebosch, where he not only excelled at cricket, but, owing to his size and strength, was a useful rugby union player and outstanding shot putter and at the University of Natal. While at university he came under the influence of Trevor Goddard. After graduating, he became a teacher at Maritzburg College in Pietermaritzburg and played first-class cricket as an amateur for Natal from 1968/69 to 1979/80.  He was South African Cricket Annual Cricketer of the Year in 1971.  He was appointed captain of Natal in 1976/7 in which year the team won the Currie Cup and Datsun Shield.

He gave up teaching in 1979 and went to work for Wiggins Teape, but he was given leave to play for Middlesex in 1980.  He took 85 first-class wickets for Middlesex at a bowling average of 14.72, the third-best first-class bowling average for that season among bowlers with more than 20 wickets, behind Joel Garner and Richard Hadlee.  Middlesex won the County Championship and the Gillette Cup, and he was named as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1981.  He played a final season for Transvaal in 1982/3.  In all, he played in 156 first-class matches, taking 767 wickets at an average of 16.55.

He was tall, 202 cm (6 ft 7½in), and bowled his fast-medium deliveries with accuracy, pace and bounce. The peak of his playing career was during the years of South African sporting isolation, as a result of the South African government's apartheid policies.  He was picked for the 1971/72 South African tour to Australia which was cancelled in the wake of the d'Oliveira affair.  Cricinfo describes him as "one of the best bowlers not to play Test cricket".

In 2008 he was named ICC umpires' and referees' manager.

See also
International cricket in South Africa from 1971 to 1981

References

Profile from CricketArchive
Profile  from Cricket Online
Biography as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1981

1948 births
Living people
University of Natal alumni
Middlesex cricketers
South African cricketers
South African Universities cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
Gauteng cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
South African cricket coaches
People from Rondebosch
Cricketers from the Western Cape
Crovie

Crovie  is a small village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, dating from the 18th century, a time when the sea was the only mode of transport to and from Scotland's shores. The smallest and most remote of Buchan cliff-foot fishing villages, it comprises a single row of houses, most gable-end to the sea. (Number 9 has Peter Johnstone, 1789 cut into it.)

Unlike the similar neighbouring village of Pennan, Crovie is situated on such a narrow ledge that any cars have to be left at the south of the village. A footpath along the shore to the west leads to neighbouring village Gardenstown.

History
Crovie was established by families (crofters) who had been moved off the land to make room for the landowners' sheep. Here, they operated fishing boats for the local landlord and gradually acquired their own craft instead. The fishing industry declined in the 20th century before ceasing altogether with the storm of 1953, which washed away a number of structures and forced the residents to flee. Since then most of the buildings have been turned into holiday lets.

Troup Head
Described by Charles McKean as having "one of the finest viewpoints in Scotland," Troup Head is a large landmark of red sandstone that rises to . It is a popular location for ornithology. In the mid-19th century it was recommended that bird-watchers should make a pilgrimage to the cliffs to see large numbers of kittiwake (locally Kitty), razor-bill auk (Coutter), guillemot (Queet) and puffin (Tammy Norie). Northern gannets began a colony at Troup Head in 1988, and by 2014 it held an estimated 6,456 pairs.

References

External links

Crovie Interactive Picture
Aberdeenshire Tourist Board Crovie
Panorama from Crovie pier (QuickTime required)

Villages in Aberdeenshire
Peter Baldwin (politician)

Peter Jeremy Baldwin (born 12 April 1951) is an Australian former politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1983 to 1998.

Baldwin was born in Aldershot, England. His family moved to Australia in 1958. He attended Normanhurst Boys' High School in Sydney, and later received a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from the University of Sydney and a Bachelor of Arts from Macquarie University.

Baldwin was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1975 to 1982. In the 1970s he was prominent as a left-wing activist in the Australian Labor Party (ALP), in which position he sought to break the grip over the corrupt right-wing machine that controlled many Labor subdivisions in and near central Sydney. In the course of his campaign, he uncovered substantial and illegal doctoring of the party's account books in the Enmore branch of the ALP.

On 16 July 1980, he was brutally assaulted at his home in the nearby Sydney suburb of Marrickville. Pictures of his battered face dominated the front pages of newspapers around the nation, and led to increased pressure for reform of the party. No one was ever charged with the assault. Subsequently, it was alleged that the bashing was undertaken by underworld figure Tom Domican acting on suggestions from the Labor state secretary at the time, Graham Richardson. In March 2007 Richardson won a settlement against Fairfax of A$50,000 for defamation on the basis of this report.

After leaving state politics, Baldwin was selected for the federal Division of Sydney following the deselection of the previous right-aligned MP, Les McMahon. He ran on a platform similar to that advocated by Tony Benn in the British Labour Party, arguing for a revival of Labor's commitment to state ownership and for the implementation of industrial democracy. He held the seat from 1983 to 1998.  He served as Minister for Employment and Education Services in April 1990, Minister for Higher Education and Employment Services from May 1990 to March 1993, and Minister for Social Security from March 1993 to the defeat of the Keating government in March 1996.

Later career 

After leaving politics, Baldwin developed and co-founded Debategraph in March 2008, a web-based collaborative argument visualisation tool for mapping complex public policy debates which is used by the White House, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Amanpour series on CNN. He chairs the Blackheath Philosophy Forum.

References

 

1951 births
Living people
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian democratic socialists
British emigrants to Australia
Government ministers of Australia
Labor Left politicians
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Sydney
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Rémy Cointreau

Rémy Cointreau is a French, family-owned business group whose origins date back to 1724. The group has an international portfolio of spirits (cognac, liqueurs and spirits): Rémy Martin and Louis XIII cognacs, Cointreau liqueur, METAXA Greek spirit, Mount Gay rum, St-Rémy brandy, The Botanist gin, Bruichladdich single malts, Port Charlotte, Octomore, Westland American whiskey and Domaine des Hautes Glaces French whisky.

Brands and history 
Rémy Cointreau brands include: 
 Rémy Martin cognac 
 Louis XIII cognac
 Mount Gay Rum (1989 acquisition) 
 Cointreau liqueur
 METAXA Greek spirit 
 Bruichladdich / Octomore / Port Charlotte Scotch whisky (2012 acquisitions)
 St-Rémy French brandy
 The Botanist gin (2012 acquisition)
 Domaine des Hautes Glaces French single malt whisky
 Westland American single malt whiskey

The Rémy Cointreau Group is a result of a 1990 merger between E. Rémy Martin & Cie SA and Cointreau & Cie SA, respectively.

In 1999, Rémy Cointreau joined Edrington and Fortune Brands in the creation of a global distribution network (outside the United States). The co-enterprise, named Maxxium, joined Vin & Sprit in 2001. In April 2009, Rémy Cointreau left Maxxium and created its own international distribution network.

In July 2011, Rémy Cointreau sold Piper-Heidsieck and Charles Heidsieck champagnes to French luxury goods group EPI for 422 million euros.

In 2012, Rémy Cointreau acquired Bruichladdich for £58m.

In January 2017, Rémy Cointreau announced two acquisitions: Westland Distillery, an American single malt whisky distillery based in Seattle, and Domaine des Hautes Glaces, an organic single malt whisky distillery in the French Alps.

Over the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the Rémy Cointreau Group turnover was 1,127 million euros. Over the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the Rémy Cointreau Group net income (excluding non-reoccurring items) was 151.3 million euros.

References

External links 
 Official website
 History of Rémy Cointreau

Distilleries in France
Food and drink companies based in Paris
Manufacturing companies based in Paris
Conglomerate companies of France
French brands
Companies listed on Euronext Paris
HSwMS Ejdern (B01)

HSwMS Ejdern (B01) was the name of a class of four Swedish sonobuoy boats.

Ships of the Swedish Navy
1991 ships
Galley Head Lighthouse

The Galley Head Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse outside of Rosscarbery, County Cork, on the south coast of Ireland.

The lighthouse is situated on Galley Head at the southern end of the headland known as Dundeady island at 133 feet above sea level, overlooking the Celtic Sea and two beaches, Red Strand to the east and the Long Strand to the west. The headland is cut off from the mainland by the ancient walls of the old Norman stronghold of Dun Deidi, an important fortress of the local O’Cowhig Clan.

History
Although the main buildings were completed in 1875, the site did not become operational until 1878. The original light characteristic consisted of six or seven flashes of white light within sixteen seconds every minute. This was due to the operation of a revolving octagonal optic, combined with a light powered by coal gas burners that were switched on and off every two seconds or so. With a range of  in clear conditions, it was one of the most powerful lights of its time.

The two keeper's houses have been returned to their original symmetrical layout and are offered for holiday rental by the Irish Landmark Trust. Sleeping 4–6 people in each, they are linked by an internal door, so that larger parties (8–12) might be accommodated. Each house has a double and twin bedroom, and a fold-down sofa bed, plus bathroom, kitchen and sitting room. Both houses have adjoining walled lawns.

The station was built in 1875, during the heyday of lighthouse building, and within twenty years of its closest neighbours at Old Head of Kinsale and Fastnet. The Galley Head and the Fastnet have the distinction of being two of the most powerful lighthouses in Europe. The lighthouse displays an unusual landward arc of light because, it is said, the Sultan of Turkey asked to be able to see it from Castle Freke at Rosscarbery nearby on his visit there. The castle, abandoned in 1952 can be seen from Galley as a Gothic ruin.

Film and media
Galley Head Lighthouse was featured in the music video for "To The Lighthouse" by British singer-songwriter Patrick Wolf.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Ireland

References

External links

Galley Head Lighthouse Commissioners of Irish Lights

Headlands of County Cork
Lighthouses completed in 1875
Lighthouses in the Republic of Ireland
Lighthouses on the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage
1875 establishments in Ireland
LTU Technologies

Founded in 1999, LTU technologies is a company in the field of image recognition for commercial and government customers. The company provides technologies for image matching, similarity and color search for integration into applications for mobile, media intelligence and advertisement tracking, ecommerce and stock photography, brand and copyright protection, law enforcement and more.

LTU's patented technology originated in academic research at MIT, Oxford University and INRIA.

In 2005 LTU was acquired by JASTEC International, Inc., based in New York City.

References

External links
 LTU technologies
 Mobile visual search

Companies based in Paris
Software companies of France
Intercostal space

The intercostal space (ICS) is the anatomic space between two ribs (Lat. costa). Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces, each numbered for the rib superior to it.

Structures in intercostal space 

 several kinds of intercostal muscle
 intercostal arteries and intercostal veins
 intercostal lymph nodes
 intercostal nerves

Order of components

Muscles 
There are 3 muscular layers in each intercostal space, consisting of the external intercostal muscle, the internal intercostal muscle, and the thinner innermost intercostal muscle. These muscles help to move the ribs during breathing.

Neurovascular bundles 
Neurovascular bundles are located between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle. The neurovascular bundle has a strict order of vein-artery-nerve (VAN), from top to bottom. This neurovascular bundle runs high in the intercostal space, and the smaller collateral neurovascular bundle runs just superior to the lower rib of the space (in the order NAV from superior to inferior). Invasive procedures such as thoracentesis are performed with oblique entry of the instrument, directly above the upper margin of the relevant rib, to avoid damaging the neurovascular bundles.

Nerves 
In reference to the muscles of the thoracic wall, the intercostal nerves and vessels run just behind the internal intercostal muscles: therefore, they are generally covered on the inside by the parietal pleura, except when they are covered by the innermost intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal membrane, subcostal muscles or the transversus thoracis muscle.

References

External links 

  - "Structural organization within an intercostal space."
  - "Thoracic Wall: The Anterior Thoracic Wall"

Thorax (human anatomy)
Roy Hendry Thomson

Roy Hendry Thomson KStJ (27 August 1932 – 29 November 2009) was a Scottish businessman, public servant and political activist, based in Aberdeen.

Early and personal life
Thomson attended Aberdeen Grammar School and gained an MA in psychology from the University of Aberdeen in 1955, later joining the British Psychological Society.  He married Nancy in 1952 and they had three children.  He attended national service in the Gordon Highlanders between 1955 and 1957.  He was a Knight of the Order of St John and a deputy lieutenant of Aberdeen until August 2007.  He also received an MLitt in 2009, writing his thesis on the contribution made by the Scottish Constitutional Convention to the re-establishment of the Scottish Parliament.

Political activity
Thomson was a long-standing and senior member of the Scottish Liberal Democrats and, before that, the Scottish Liberal Party.  He was an elected local councillor on Aberdeen District Council, later becoming the first Liberal Leader of the council.  He also acted as the election agent for Malcolm Bruce MP in the Gordon constituency in 1979 and 1983.  He was also active within the Party nationally, serving as both Convener (chairman) and later President of the Scottish Liberal Democrats.  At the time of his death, he was (for the second time) serving as Scotland's representative on the Party's UK-wide Executive Committee.

References
 Notice of death in the Aberdeen Press and Journal
 Obituary in The Scotsman, 10 December 2009

1932 births
2009 deaths
Scottish Liberal Democrat councillors
Councillors in Aberdeen
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
People educated at Aberdeen Grammar School
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Deputy Lieutenants of Aberdeen
Knights of the Order of St John
Ian Roberts (South African actor)

Ian Roberts (born 30 November 1951) is a South African actor, playwright and singer. A native English speaker, he is also fluent in Afrikaans and Xhosa.

Early life
Roberts was born in Fort Beaufort in the Eastern Cape Province and grew up on his father's citrus farm near the town. He attended St. Andrew's Preparatory School and St. Andrew's College in Grahamstown. After completing high school he performed his compulsory national service in the South African Army, which he completed in 1971.

After a variety of different jobs and a course in photography at the Port Elizabeth Technical College from 1973 to 1975, Roberts enrolled at Rhodes University in 1976 for a Bachelor of Arts degree majoring in speech, drama and social anthropology.

Acting career
Roberts became a South African icon when he played the character of Boet in a long-running series of television advertisements for Castrol motor oil. This character (together with the other characters Swaer and Moegoe) has also been featured in M-Net's comedy series Kalahari Oasis as well as in his Radio Kalahari Orkes band.

In the Oscar-winning South African film, Tsotsi, Roberts played the role of a police captain.

He was married to South African actress Michelle Botes, but the couple divorced in 1999. They had two children.

Filmography

In addition to the above, Roberts has played the leading role in Afrikaans language television series such as Sloet Steenkamp in Arende ("Eagles") and Jack Degenaar in Arsenaal ("Arsenal"), as well as a supporting role in Kwelaman (1986). He has also written a number of scripts, such as Honeytown 1 and the musical Palang van Dwaal ("Palang from Dwaal").

References

External links
 
 Crawford College, Sandton official site

1952 births
Living people
South African people of British descent
White South African people
South African male television actors
Rhodes University alumni
Burmah-Castrol
Alumni of St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown
South African male film actors
People from Fort Beaufort
State management

State management refers to the management of the state of one or more user interface controls such as text fields, submit buttons, radio buttons, etc. in a graphical user interface. In this user interface programming technique, the state of one UI control depends on the state of other UI controls. For example, a state-managed UI control such as a button will be in the enabled state when input fields have valid input values, and the button will be in the disabled state when the input fields are empty or have invalid values. As applications grow, this can end up becoming one of the most complex development problems.

This is especially the case when the state of any particular message or form on the page depends on factors outside of the current page, or available throughout several pages. For example, consider a user who is logged in and sees the 'welcome' message on their first visit to any page, but not on subsequent page visits. Does each page manage the state of the user being logged in? That would create too much copy pasting and duplication of code. Instead, you can use a state management pattern for handling messages (this may also include handling error messages and informative messages, along with the described welcome message) and then call this to receive a message as it becomes available.

Examples of state management libraries include Pinia as a state management library for the Vue.js JavaScript framework. The Angular framework includes its own library using  Observables called RxJS and Redux is a general-purpose state management library that can be used with any of the above frameworks or other view libraries, but is very commonly used with the React library. As the documentation in Redux alludes, many of these state management libraries are lightweight and can be replaced by each other. It's also possible to roll your own based on a publish–subscribe pattern where your interface components (like form fields, buttons, and messages) listen to a centralized data store in your application for new changes.

See also
 Data binding
 Observer pattern

References

User interfaces
Utt Panichkul

Greg Uttsada Panichkul (; ; born September 3, 1973) is an American-born Thai actor, television presenter and model. He was a VJ for MTV Asia for over 15 years, making him one of Asia's longest running hosts and cementing his star status. Most recently Panichkul was the Director of Entertainment at IN Channel in Thailand and also a directorship at Beam Artistes in Singapore

Early life
Panichkul was born and raised in California in a Thai Chinese household. His father was a professor in social science. Panichkul studied at California State University, Northridge majoring in Biology and transferred to Assumption University majoring in Communication Arts. While at Assumption, he did some modeling on the side, although, initially to earn enough for a plane ticket back to California.

Career
Fluent in both English and Thai, Panichkul acted in several Thai television series while in Thailand, one of his notable roles very early on was in Song Klam Doag Rak (1997), where he acted as an HIV-positive sex worker. Panichkul received a nomination for Best Actor at the Thailand Television Awards. 

Panichkul was previously the spokesperson for the Giordano, Pepsi and Brand's Essence of Chicken. He is the Director of Beam Artistes Singapore and also the owner and director of his own Singapore-based Artiste Management company, Seven95ive Artistes.

Together with former model Thúy Hạnh, Panichkul is a permanent judge of MTV VJ Hunt for MTV Vietnam. He is also one of the regular guest judges on Supermodel Me.
In Linkin Park's Burning In The Skies music video, Panichkul got a small role as the guy who broke a sweat and jumped out from fire.

Filmography

Television

Shows

References

External links
 Official Website
 VJ Utt at MTV Asia
 Seven95ive Artistes
 Profile on xinmnsn

1973 births
Utt Panichkul
Utt Panichkul
VJs (media personalities)
Living people
Utt Panichkul
Male models from California
Utt Panichkul
Utt Panichkul
Edward Freeman

Edward Freeman may refer to:
Edward Augustus Freeman (1823–1892), English historian
Edward Monroe Freeman (1875–1954), American botanist
Edward Freeman (cricketer, born 1848) (1848–1905), Australian cricketer
Edward Freeman (cricketer, born 1860) (1860–1939), English cricketer
Edward Freeman (cricketer, born 1880) (1880–1964), English cricketer
R. Edward Freeman (born 1951), modern American business professor, economist and ethicist
Ed Freeman (1927–2008), U.S. Army pilot and Medal of Honor recipient
Eddie Freeman (born 1978), Canadian football player
Eddie Freeman (musician) (1909–1987), English jazz musician
Ted Freeman (politician) (1900–1986), politician in Ontario, Canada