alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Interlac

Interlac is a fictional language used by characters of the United Planets in stories set in the 30th century of the DC Comics universe, especially stories about the Legion of Super-Heroes. Although the characters are said to be conversing in this language, dialog is presented to the reader in English (or whatever local language the comic has been translated to). Interlac text is sometimes depicted visually using the Interlac alphabet as a simple one-to-one substitution cipher for the 26 letters of the English alphabet and 10 numerals.

It is also the name of a similarly-used language in the TV series Babylon 5.

DC Universe
The first reference to Interlac as the "intergalactic universal language of the 30th century" was in Adventure Comics #379 published in March 1969. It was also frequently referred to in the Super Friends comic book series to explain how the Super Friends could understand the language of visiting and/or invading extraterrestrials. The Interlac alphabet was codified years later by writer Paul Levitz and artist Keith Giffen in Legion of Super-Heroes (vol. 2) #312 (June 1984).

Interlac is also shown to be the language in which the Guardians of the Universe write the Book of Oa.

Interlac is also spoken by Lobo in Young Justice: Outsiders.

Babylon 5
In the universe of the TV series Babylon 5, Interlac is a universal language most often used in first contact situations because it is based on pure mathematics and therefore easily translated. In this context, it is normally used only in first contact situations until such a time as a more common understanding between two new species becomes available.

See also
 Legion of Super-Heroes
 DC Comics
 Babylon 5

References

External links
 INTERLAC - Interlac, the Intergalactic Language

Alphabets
Artistic languages
DC Comics
Fictional languages
Legion of Super-Heroes
Babylon 5
Adrian of Batanea

Saint Adrian (died 308) travelled from Batanea to Caesarea Palaestina, where he was martyred together with Saint Eubulus. He is commemorated on 5 March; Eubulus on 7 March.

Legend
Eubulus had traveled with Adrian of Batanea to visit and minister to the Christian congregation in Caesarea. Upon arrival at the gates they were asked their purpose and told the truth, for which they were immediately imprisoned by the guards, under the orders of Governor Firmilian, who had them tortured.

On 5 March, Adrian was thrown to a lion in the Amphitheatre. The lion mauled but did not kill him. Adrian was then dispatched with a sword. Two days later, the judge who condemned Eubulus to the same fate offered him the opportunity to go free if he sacrificed to an idol. Eubulus refused, and was martyred, meeting the same fate.

They would be the last of many martyrs killed during the 12 years of persecutions in Caesarea.

Others named Eubulus
Another Greek Christian Eubulus receives passing mention in the Second Epistle to Timothy, one of the three "pastoral epistles" traditionally attributed to Paul of Tarsus. Other notable Greeks bearing the same name are noted at Eubulus.

References

Further reading
 John Dawson Gilmary Shea. “Saints Adrian and Eubulus, Martyrs”. Pictorial Lives of the Saints, 1889

308 deaths
4th-century Christian martyrs
4th-century Romans
Year of birth unknown
Joan Crawford (disambiguation)

Joan Crawford (c. 1904–1977) was an American film actress.

Joan Crawford may also refer to:
Joan Crawford (basketball) (born 1937), American basketball player 
"Joan Crawford" (song), a 1981 song by Blue Öyster Cult
The Starres Are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal)

The Starres are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal) is an EP by the experimental music collective Current 93. It is the final part in the Inmost Light Trilogy, a cycle of three thematically related recordings released in 1995 and 1996. The Starres are Marching Sadly Home is the most experimental of the three, serving as an epilogue to the centerpiece album All the Pretty Little Horses and the introductory EP Where The Long Shadows Fall (Beforetheinmostlight). Like Long Shadows, The Starres is a lengthy, minimal piece with eerie loops and layered vocals; unlike Long Shadows, this piece features full, continuous lyrics. An a capella performance of the traditional song "All the Pretty Little Horses" is performed by Shirley Collins at the finale.

Originally available on compact disc and vinyl, the EP was reissued as part of the boxed set The Inmost Light in 2007. For this release, the title was modified to "The Stars Are Marching Sadly Home…"

Track listing
 "The Starres Are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal)" - 22:16

Personnel
 David Tibet – vocals, music, lyrics
 Shirley Collins – vocals
 Roxanne Stapleton – vocals
 Andria Degens – vocals
 David Kenny – guitar, engineering
 Steven Stapleton – music, mixing
 Scott Howland - assistant engineering

1996 EPs
Current 93 albums
Dexfenfluramine

Dexfenfluramine, marketed as dexfenfluramine hydrochloride under the name Redux, is a serotonergic anorectic drug: it reduces appetite by increasing the amount of extracellular serotonin in the brain. It is the d-enantiomer of fenfluramine and is structurally similar to amphetamine, but lacks any psychologically stimulating effects.

Dexfenfluramine was, for some years in the mid-1990s, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the purposes of weight loss. However, following multiple concerns about the cardiovascular side-effects of the drug, the FDA withdrew the approval in 1997. After it was removed in the US, dexfenfluramine was also pulled out in other global markets. It was later superseded by sibutramine, which, although initially considered a safer alternative to both dexfenfluramine and fenfluramine, was likewise removed from the US market in 2010.

The drug was developed by Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, a company co-founded by Richard Wurtman, aimed at marketing discoveries by Massachusetts Institute of Technology scientists. Interneuron licensed the patent to Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. Although at the time of its release, some optimism prevailed that it might herald a new approach, there remained some reservations amongst neurologists, twenty-two of whom petitioned the FDA to delay approval. Their concern was based on the work of George A. Ricaurte, whose techniques and conclusions were later questioned.

See also 
 Benfluorex
 Fenfluramine
 Levofenfluramine
 Norfenfluramine

References

External links 
 Drug description
 Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride
 Questions and Answers about Withdrawal of Fenfluramine (Pondimin) and Dexfenfluramine (Redux)
 Frontline: Dangerous prescriptions—Interview with Leo Lutwak, M.D. in which he discuses the side effects of fenfluramine, its successor Redux, and the Fen-Phen combination

5-HT2B agonists
Antiobesity drugs
Enantiopure drugs
Serotonin receptor agonists
Serotonin releasing agents
Substituted amphetamines
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Withdrawn drugs
Aluminium acetate

Aluminium acetate or aluminium ethanoate (also "aluminum ~"), sometimes abbreviated AlAc in geochemistry, can refer to a number of different salts of aluminium with acetic acid. In the solid state, three salts exist under this name: basic aluminium monoacetate, (HO)2AlCH3CO2, basic aluminium diacetate, HOAl(CH3CO2)2, and neutral aluminium triacetate, Al(CH3CO2)3. In aqueous solution, aluminium triacetate hydrolyses to form a mixture of the other two, and all solutions of all three can be referred to as "aluminium acetate" as the species formed co-exist and inter-convert in chemical equilibrium.

Aluminium monoacetate 

Aluminium monoacetate, also known as dibasic aluminium acetate, forms from Al(OH)3 and dilute aqueous acetic acid. More concentrated acid leads to the di- and triacetate.

Aluminium diacetate 

Aluminium diacetate, also known as basic aluminium acetate, is prepared from aqueous aluminium acetate solution resulting in a white powder. This basic salt forms from the hydrolysis of the triacetate in water.

Aluminium triacetate 

Aluminium triacetate is a chemical compound that is prepared by heating aluminium chloride (AlCl3) or Al powder with a mixture of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and acetic anhydride (C4H6O3). It is referred as the normal salt and is only made in the absence of water at a relatively high temperature like 180 °C.

References

Aluminium compounds
Acetates
Hypothetical protein

In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it is expressed in vivo. Sequencing of several genomes has resulted in numerous predicted open reading frames to which functions cannot be readily assigned. These proteins, either orphan or conserved hypothetical proteins, make up an estimated 20% to 40% of proteins encoded in each newly sequenced genome. The real evidences for the hypothetical protein functioning in the metabolism of the organism can be predicted by comparing its sequence or structure homology by considering the conserved domain analysis.  Even when there is enough evidence that the product of the gene is expressed, by techniques such as microarray and mass spectrometry, it is difficult to assign a function to it given its lack of identity to protein sequences with annotated biochemical function. Nowadays, most protein sequences are inferred from computational analysis of genomic DNA sequence. Hypothetical proteins are created by gene prediction software during genome analysis. When the bioinformatic tool used for the gene identification finds a large open reading frame without a characterised homologue in the protein database, it returns  "hypothetical protein" as an annotation remark.

The function of a hypothetical protein can be predicted by domain homology searches with various confidence levels. Conserved domains are available in the hypothetical proteins which need to be compared with the known family domains by which hypothetical protein could be classified into particular protein families even though they have not been in vivo investigated. The function of hypothetical protein could also be predicted by homology modelling, in which hypothetical protein has to align with known protein sequence whose three dimensional structure is known and by modelling method if structure predicted then the capability of hypothetical protein to function could be ascertained computationally. Further, approaches to annotate function to hypothetical proteins include determination of 3-dimensional structure of these proteins by structural genomics initiatives, understanding the nature and mode of prosthetic group/metal ion binding, fold similarity with other proteins of known functions and annotating possible catalytic site and regulatory site. Structure prediction with biochemical function assessment by screening for various substrate is another promising approach to annotate function

See also
 Domain of unknown function

References

External links
 ExPASy

Bioinformatics
Protein classification
Lake Guthridge

Lake Guthridge is a small artificial lake in Sale, Victoria, Australia, named after the first Sale mayor, Nehemiah Guthridge. The lake was originally a bog but Guthridge suggested converting it into a lake to supply the growing population. Its sister, Lake Guyatt acts as overflow.

Geological information

References

Guthridge
Sale, Victoria
Admissible ordinal

In set theory,  an ordinal number α is an admissible ordinal if Lα is an admissible set (that is, a transitive model of Kripke–Platek set theory); in other words, α is admissible when α is a limit ordinal and Lα ⊧ Σ0-collection. The term was coined by Richard Platek in 1966.

The first two admissible ordinals are ω and  (the least nonrecursive ordinal, also called the Church–Kleene ordinal).  Any regular uncountable cardinal is an admissible ordinal.

By a theorem of Sacks, the countable admissible ordinals are exactly those constructed in a manner similar to the Church–Kleene ordinal, but for Turing machines with oracles.  One sometimes writes  for the -th ordinal that is either admissible or a limit of admissibles; an ordinal that is both is called recursively inaccessible. There exists a theory of large ordinals in this manner that is highly parallel to that of (small) large cardinals (one can define recursively Mahlo ordinals, for example). But all these ordinals are still countable. Therefore, admissible ordinals seem to be the recursive analogue of regular cardinal numbers.

Notice that α is an admissible ordinal if and only if α is a limit ordinal and there does not exist a γ < α for which there is a Σ1(Lα) mapping from γ onto α.  is an admissible ordinal iff there is a standard model  of KP whose set of ordinals is , in fact this may be take as the definition of admissibility. The th admissible ordinal is sometimes denoted by p.174 or .

The Friedman-Jensen-Sacks theorem states that countable  is admissible iff there exists some  such that  is the least ordinal not recursive in .

See also
α-recursion theory
Large countable ordinals
Constructible universe
Regular cardinal

References

Ordinal numbers
List of highways numbered 3A

The following roads are numbered 3A:

Canada
 Alberta Highway 3A
 British Columbia Highway 3A
 Manitoba Highway 3A
 Newfoundland and Labrador Route 3A (Team Gushue Highway)
 Nova Scotia Trunk 3A (former)

United States
 Massachusetts Route 3A
 Nevada State Route 3A (former)
 New Hampshire Route 3A
 New York State Route 3A
 Oklahoma State Highway 3A
 Texas Park Road 3A

Territories
 Guam Highway 3A
Sardari

Sardari may refer to:

Sardari, Iran, now called Sardrud
 Sardar Iravani, Sardār-e Īravānī, title of governor of Yerevan
 Abdol Hossein Sardari, Iranian diplomat, who saved Jews from the holocaust
 Sardari Begum, 1996 Hindi movie
Edmund Hooper (organist)

Edmund Hooper (c. 1553 – 14 July 1621) was an English composer and organist. He was employed at Westminster Abbey from 1588 to 1621 and organist of the Chapel Royal from 1618 to 1621.

Background

Hooper was born in North Halberton, Devon, c. 1553. He is thought to have been a chorister at Exeter Cathedral. Schooled at Greenwich, by 1582 he was a member of the choir of Westminster Abbey where he became Master of the Choristers in 1588. Hooper appears to have been the first regularly appointed organist of the abbey; his patent, dated 19 May 1606, was renewed for life in 1616.

On 1 March 1604 Hooper became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. There are several references to Hooper in the Chapel Royal Cheque Book and in the Lord Chamberlain's Accounts for the period. These include allowances for mourning livery for the funerals of Queen Elizabeth I (1603), Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1612) and Queen Anne (1618). Part of his salary was received in lieu of John Bull (the first salaried organist at the Chapel Royal) who in 1613 left very suddenly to work abroad. By November 1615 Hooper had attained the prestigious position of joint Organist of the Chapel Royal with Orlando Gibbons. He held this position until his death on 14 July 1621. On 16 July 1621 Hooper was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey, but does not seem to have had a gravestone. His widow, Margaret, was buried there on 7 March 1652. Hooper's eldest son, James, who died in December 1652, was a lay vicar of Westminster Abbey.

Apart from seven keyboard pieces that have survived (two of them included in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book) Hooper's compositions are all sacred anthems and liturgical settings. Two pieces were included in Sir William Leighton's Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowful Soule (1614), and three anthems were printed after his death in John Barnard's First Book of Selected Church Musick (1641).  Many of the anthems are boldly chromatic. Examples are O God of Gods and Hearken ye Nations, recorded by the Magdalena Consort in 2019. The latter was written to commemorate gunpowder treason day. As William Hunt points out, "major and minor harmonies are hurled into dissonant collision in cadences that border occasionally on musical hysteria, to express both the horror and the relief of carnage narrowly avoided."

Peter Le Huray pointed out that one reason Hooper's music fell out of general use was that "nearly all of it is set to very inadequate Elizabethan and Jacobean verse", but that Orlando Gibbons, his younger colleague at the Chapel Royal, "must surely have learned much from him, for the two composers have much in common".

References

External links

 Performance of the anthem Behold, it is Christ by the Choir of Selwyn College, Cambridge

1621 deaths
16th-century English composers
English male composers
17th-century English composers
English classical organists
British male organists
Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal
Year of birth uncertain
Year of birth unknown
Choristers at Westminster Abbey
Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey
17th-century male musicians
Male classical organists
Tai Ping Shan Street

Tai Ping Shan Street is a street marking the early colonial history in Hong Kong. Located at the north slope of Victoria Peak in Sheung Wan, the street starts east from a ladder street at the junction with Bridges Street and end west in Po Yan Street near Tung Wah Hospital. The street runs parallel to Hollywood Road.

Today, Tai Ping Shan Street is well known for its contemporary art, with plenty of pop-up galleries and other specialty retailers offering their wares to shoppers passing by.

History
Tai Ping Shan () is an alternative name to Victoria Peak, and literally means "Peace Hill". After the cession of Hong Kong Island from Qing China to the British in the 1840s, British forces made garrison here and later the government relocated all Chinese residents in Choong Wan to the area surrounding Tai Ping Shan Street.

The Chinese writer Wang Tao wrote in 1860 that the street was full of brothels: "gaudy houses, sporting brightly painted doors and windows with fancy curtains".

In May 1894, the bubonic plague, which had been ravaging China, erupted and caused massive deaths in the area during the 1894 Hong Kong plague. The Hong Kong Government soon implemented a series of measures including cleaning of street, demolishing residences to build Blake Garden, and establishing the Bacteriological Institute.

The street's population soared after the Eight-Nation Alliance invasion of China in 1900.

See also
 Description on the plague outbreak in History of Colonial Hong Kong
 Central and Western Heritage Trail
 First Opium War
 List of streets and roads in Hong Kong

References

External links
 
 

Sheung Wan
Roads on Hong Kong Island
Higher Kinnerton

Higher Kinnerton is a village and community within rural Flintshire, Wales, close to the Wales-England border. Its sister village, Lower Kinnerton, is across the border in Cheshire, England.

In the 2001 census it had a population of 1,634, increasing to 1,697 at the 2011 census.

Amenities
The village has a shop, and two public houses, The Swan and The Royal Oak. The parish church is All Saints, which is actually in the parish of Dodleston, England. There is a Scout group called 1st Kinnerton Scouts. The Village Hall hosts various community clubs and events.

The village was awarded Best Kept Community status by Flintshire County Council in 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2019.

A planning application for 95 homes to the west of the village was refused on 3 March 2021. The land, adjacent to Kinnerton Meadows and several listed buildings, is believed to have historical significance as falling partly within the site of the medieval Llwydcoed Royal Park.

Education
The village has a primary school, Ysgol Derwen. The local secondary schools are Castell Alun, located in Hope and Hawarden High School in Hawarden.

Governance
The area is an electoral ward for Flintshire County Council, coterminous with the community, which elects one county councillor.

See also
All Saints Church, Higher Kinnerton
Kinnerton railway station

References

External links 

Photos of Higher Kinnerton and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk
Higher Kinnerton Community Council website

Villages in Flintshire
Communities in Flintshire
Wards of Flintshire
Brachionichthys

Brachionichthys is the type genus of the handfish family Brachionichthyidae.  Originally, all species of handfish were included in Brachionichthys, but researchers have since split species off into five additional genera.

Species of handfish use their pectoral fins to walk about on the sea floor. These highly modified fins have the appearance of hands, hence the generic epithet, from Latin brachium meaning "arm" and Greek ichthys meaning "fish". 

The prehistoric handfish, Histiontophorus bassani, from the Lutetian of Monte Bolca, was once described as a species of Brachionichthys.

Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
 Brachionichthys australis Last, Gledhill & Holmes, 2007 (Australian spotted handfish) 
 Brachionichthys hirsutus Lacépède, 1804 (Spotted handfish)

References

External links 
 Video of a handfish
 Are handfish walking towards extinction? (podcast) 
 National Geographic, including photos

Brachionichthyidae
Extant Eocene first appearances
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
Marine fish genera
Lake Mokoan

Lake Mokoan was an artificial lake in northern Victoria, Australia, roughly 7 km north-east of Benalla. It was created by diverting water from the Broken River and Hollands Creek into Winton and Green swamps. Construction began in the late 1960s and was completed in 1971.

Hundreds of thousands of trees within the swamp soon died across the lake and surrounding plains, killed by the flooding of the former swampland. The large, shallow lake had a very high surface area to volume ratio, resulting in extreme water loss through evaporation, and there were frequent toxic algal blooms requiring regular closures for recreation activities and causing livestock to become ill. 

Although a locally popular watersports destination, the Victorian government decided to decommission the canals and lake to restore the landscape to a more natural wetland and woodland ecosystem. The restoration effort is expected to take at least 100 years. Planning for the decommissioning began in 2004 and work started in 2009. Decommissioning the lake was expected to allow the rebalancing of 44 gigalitres of water per year to the Broken, Goulburn, Snowy and Murray rivers and irrigation network, with environmental and economic benefits to both upstream and downstream areas. Instead of evaporating away at Lake Mokoan, the saved water would be redirected or pumped overland from the upstream Lake Nillahcootie and Lake Eildon, 25 gigalitres of the lake would be released into the Murray River system, and another 20 gigalitres into the Snowy River.

In 2010 Lake Mokoan site was reformed into the Winton Wetlands Reserve, and managed by a Local Committee of Management. The Committee is tasked with construction of infrastructure, developing tourism and the restoration the landscape. To date, the renewal has resulted in a Visitor Centre and cafe, interpretive information signs, four campgrounds, picnic areas, public toilet blocks, 60 km of roads, bush walks, 30 km of cycling trails, and artworks celebrating the landscape and its history, have been provided. Camping at official campgrounds is available and boating, fishing is permitted. Environmental restoration is progressing, averaging 200 hectares per year, and plants regenerating and wildlife populations are increasing on the site.

References

Lakes of Victoria (state)
Goulburn Broken catchment
Rivers of Hume (region)
Hope, Flintshire

Hope () is a small village and community in Flintshire, north-east Wales. The village is located approximately 3 miles / 4.5 km from the Wales-England border, on the course of the River Alyn, and less than 5 miles from Wrexham.

Hope is one of several villages including Caergwrle, Abermorddu and Cefn-y-bedd which together form the community. At the 2001 Census, community the population was 2,522, increasing to 4,224 at the 2011 Census partly due to boundary changes. One of the major features in the area is Hope Mountain (Mynydd yr Hob), to the west of the village.

History
Yr Hob was originally the name of a commote within the cantref of Maelor in the medieval Kingdom of Powys. Both the Welsh and English language names are derived from an Old English word hop meaning "enclosed land in a marsh", a relic of Mercian settlement in the area.

In 1086, when the Domesday Book was compiled, Hope was listed as a very small settlement and it was within the hundred of Exestan and the county of Cheshire.

The old parish of Hope was once divided into two parts by the River Alyn. One part, called Hope Medachied, was made up of the townships of Uwchmynydd, Cymau, Caergwrle and Rhanberfedd: the other was made of Hope Owen, Estyn and Shordley. In 1843 a large area of Hope Medachied was transferred to the new parish of Llanfynydd.

The village's long association with neighbouring Caergwrle has given rise to the local expression "Live in Hope, die in Caergwrle".

Facilities
In 2007, the secondary school Castell Alun High, which is located in the village, became the only school in North Wales to be awarded 7 Grade 1s by Estyn, the school inspection service for Wales. The judgement makes Castell Alun one of the top schools in Wales.

Hope has good transport links with local towns and cities, notably Wrexham, Chester and Mold, with the Borderlands Line running directly through Hope railway station giving access to Liverpool via the Wirral Peninsula.

Hope has a library, a sports centre and football, cricket and rugby union clubs. The Castell Alun Colts Football Club play in the Welsh Football League system and are affiliated to the Football Association of Wales and the North East Wales Football Association. At present (2018/19 season) they play in the Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Division One, the fourth level on the Welsh Football League pyramid
.

In 2017, work began on a community project to build a replica of a Roman Fort in a disused quarry in the village. The project known as "Park in the Past" is set to become a centre for education and leisure activities

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists, which covers the village of Hope and elects one county councillor to Flintshire County Council. This ward had a population of 2,605 at the 2011 census.

See also
 Hope Hall

References

External links 

Photos of Hope and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk

Communities in Flintshire
Villages in Flintshire
Wards of Flintshire
Commotes
Martin Gilks

Martin Richard Gilks (2 March 1965 – 3 April 2006) was an English musician. He was a founder member and original drummer for the Wonder Stuff, based in Stourbridge (West Midlands, England).

Gilks who was born in Stourbridge, was originally the drummer with the Midlands-based Mighty Lemon Drops before leaving in 1985 (allegedly sacked for not wanting to cut his hair), and later joined Miles Hunt, Malcolm Treece, and Rob "The Bass Thing" Jones to form the Wonder Stuff in March 1986. As part of the Wonder Stuff, Gilks went on to have a string of top-forty singles and an album as well as being voted the best drummer on the planet in an NME poll in 1989. The group split up in 1994.

He continued to work with Treece and Paul Clifford (Rob Jones' replacement who joined the Wonder Stuff in 1990) after the split under the name of We Know Where You Live with Ange Dolittle (formerly of Eat) on lead vocals.

Gilks left the group at the end of 1995 to join his brother "Tank" in forming Furtive Mass Transit Systems, a management company who would later look after Reef, Lowgold, Cable, A and Hundred Reasons.  We Know Where You Live disbanded the following year.

When the Wonder Stuff reformed in 2000, performing five sell-out shows at the London venue Forum, Gilks also acted as the group's manager and continued to do so until a much-publicised split of the original members in 2004.

Gilks died, aged 41, on 3 April 2006, after losing control of his motorbike in London.

References

External links
 BBC News - Wonder Stuff drummer dies at 41, retrieved 5 April 2006

1965 births
2006 deaths
English rock drummers
British male drummers
English music managers
Motorcycle road incident deaths
Road incident deaths in London
People from Stourbridge
Musicians from the West Midlands (county)
The Wonder Stuff members
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century British male musicians
Treuddyn

Treuddyn is a village, community and electoral ward in Flintshire, Wales, located just off the A5104 road, around 4 miles south-east of Mold and 3 miles north-west of Caergwrle. The community includes the nearby village of Coed Talon, to the east, and Rhydtalog, to the south-west on the Denbighshire border. 

There are two primary schools: Ysgol Terrig, which is a Welsh medium school and Ysgol Parc y Llan, which is an English medium school. The closest secondary schools are Ysgol Maes Garmon (Welsh) and Alun School (English) in Mold, 4.5 miles away. There is also a Post Office and shop.

Treuddyn has its own church, St Mary's, and there are also two active chapels in the village. A third chapel, that of the Baptist denomination, has closed. There are many Bronze Age cairns in the area. It was an industrial area during the 19th and 20th centuries, with mining of coal, iron and lead. There was a distillery to extract oil from the coal, and a blast furnace between 1817 and 1865. In 1834 around 450 men were constantly employed in the collieries and other industries.

Treuddyn is also an electoral ward, coterminous with the community. It elects one county councillor to Flintshire County Council.

Demographics

Population

Number 
According to the 2021 Census, Treuddyn's population is 1,686. Treuddyn's population was 1,627 at the 2011 Census.

Languages 
According to the United Kingdom Census 2021, 20.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Treuddyn can speak Welsh.  31.4 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh. The 2011 census noted 24.4 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the village could speak Welsh.

Country of Birth 
The 2021 Census noted that 97.4 per cent of Treuddyn's population was born in the United Kingdom. The 2011 Census noted that  98.2 per cent of the population was born in the United Kingdom; 59.9 per cent of the population was born in Wales and 37.5 per cent of the population born in England.

References

External links 

Photos of Treuddyn and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk

Villages in Flintshire
Communities in Flintshire
Wards of Flintshire
Llandyrnog

Llandyrnog is a large village and community in Denbighshire, Wales lying in the valley of the River Clwyd, about  from Denbigh and  from Ruthin. The village has good road links to Denbigh and the main A541 road at Bodfari, and is served by buses number 76 and 53.
The village contains the Church of St. Tyrnog's is a Grade II* listed building, and has a notable creamery on the outskirts and former hospital. The community includes the settlements of Waen, Ffordd-las and Llangwyfan.

Landmarks

The Church of St. Tyrnog's, a small Welsh-language chapel, is a Grade II* listed building in the village. The church was first mentioned in 1254, though the current building dates to the late 15th century. The church was extensively studied by Glynne in 1847 and Lloyd-Williams and Underwood in 1872 before being renovated in 1876-8 by W E Nesfield.

The area is home to the Kinmel Arms, The White Horse  and the Golden Lion public houses. The Golden Lion is the spiritual home of Llandyrnog United football club. The club was founded here in 1975 and has a Golden Lion on the club crest, they play their home games at Cae Nant.
In the heart of the village there is a small butchers' shop and a general store which includes a post office. Llandyrnog also has a small primary school, Ysgol Bryn Clwyd, which teaches through the medium of English.  away at Llangwyfan is what was Colwyn Bay/Abergele Sanatorium. It became Abergele Chest Hospital in 1955 and went on to become centre for ophthalmology in April 2012.

The main employer is the ACC Llandyrnog Creamery on the outskirts of the village, which mostly produces hard pressed and cheddar cheese. The creamery's chief investor since 2014 has been Arla Foods.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This stretches both north and south of Llandyrnog. It had a total population of 2,156 at the 2011 census.

Notable people
William Roberts: according to local tradition he was born at Plas Bennett, in the parish of Llandyrnog, Denbighshire, and belonged to the Roberts family that long resided there.  He died at the rectory of Llandyrnog, and was buried in the chancel of that church.
Hafina Clwyd, journalist; raised on a farm at Llandyrnog.
Gwen ferch Ellis: The earliest person convicted and executed for witchcraft in Wales.
Sharleen Spiteri, lead singer of Texas and celebrity chef Bryn Williams married at St Tynon's church in 2018.

References

External links 

Villages in Denbighshire
Katsa

A Katsa is a field intelligence officer of the Mossad, the national intelligence agency of Israel. The word katsa is a Hebrew acronym for ,  "intelligence officer", literally "gathering officer".  A katsa is a case officer who runs agents to clandestinely collect intelligence.

Use of sayanim
Katsas may utilise sayanim, singular: sayan, (, lit. Helpers, Assistants) for their operations. Sayanim are recruited to provide support for Mossad operations, and may or may not receive payment. A sayan running a car rental agency, for instance, could help Mossad officers rent a car without the usual documentation. Sayanim are often not citizens of Israel or may be dual nationals. The use of sayanim enables the Mossad to operate with a smaller budget to conduct operations worldwide.

Notable katsas
 David Barnea, Mossad director appointed in 2021
 Victor Ostrovsky, author
 Baruch Cohen, assassinated by Black September Organization in 1973
 Eli Cohen, executed by Syria in 1965

References

Spies by role
Mossad

de:Führungsoffizier
Coat of arms of Sofia

The coat of arms of Sofia consists of a shield divided into four. The image of the Saint Sofia Church which gave the name to the city takes up the upper left quarter (as seen from behind the shield) and a humanized picture of the ancient town of Serdica taken from an antique coin is located to the right (again, heraldry reverses right and left as it is from the point of view of someone holding the shield from behind). At lower left is a golden baldachin and a statue of Apollo Medicus representing the mineral springs around the city, while the lower right quarter is reserved for Vitosha, the mountain at the foot of which Sofia is located. 

In the middle is another, smaller shield (inescutcheon), with a lion rampant, a traditional Bulgarian symbol. A mural crown tops the larger shield. At the bottom is the city motto, "Расте, но не старѣе" – Raste, no ne staree ("Ever Growing, Never Aging").

History
The coat of arms was created for the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900 by a team of three noted Bulgarian artists and specialists – Haralampi Tachev, Ivan Mrkvička and Václav Dobruský, as the city was required by the executive committee to submit a symbol in order to take part. The then-Knyaz Ferdinand approved the coat of arms and it was sent to Paris.

Changes were made to the original image of the coat of arms in the following years. The motto was first added in 1911 by Haralampi Tachev, who also gave it a final touch by adding a band with the motto and laurel twigs in 1928. A simplified version was suggested by Boris Angelushev in the 1940s, with Ivan Radoev adding a five-pointed star and additionally stylizing the coat of arms in 1974. The 1928 edition of Haralampi Tachev returned into official use after the democratic changes.

Gallery

References

External links
 The act restoring the original coat of arms in 1991
 The Birth of the Coat of Arms, excerpt from a publication by Haralampi Tachev. Sofia municipal website, accessed 5 April 2006.

1928 establishments in Bulgaria
Sofia
Culture in Sofia
History of Sofia
Sofia
Sofia
Sofia
Bixio

Bixio is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Cesare Andrea Bixio (1896-1978), Italian composer
 Jacques Alexandre Bixio (1808-1875), French doctor, balloonist and politician
 Nino Bixio (1821-1873), Italian soldier and politician

See also
 Bixio Music Group
 MV Nino Bixio

Surnames of Italian origin
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (30 January 1581 in Cölln – 30 May 1655 in Bayreuth) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (later renamed Brandenburg-Bayreuth).

He was the eldest of eleven children born to John George, Elector of Brandenburg by his third wife Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst.

Life
The death of the childless George Frederick the Elder in 1603 marked the extinction of the original Franconian line of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach. Christian inherited Kulmbach and his younger brother Joachim Ernst received Ansbach.

This land partition had already been legitimized in 1598 by the House Treaty of Gera, which was prepared for this purpose. Christian's assumption of the government of Kulmbach took place at the same time as that of Joachim Ernst in Ansbach. In 1604 Christian moved the seat of power from Kulmbach to Bayreuth and Plassenburg, however Kulmbach was retained as a regional fortress. From that moment, the principality changed its name from Brandenburg-Kulmbach to Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

In 1606 Christian was elected Colonel (German: Kreisobrist) of the Franconian Circle. He was also one of the founders of the Protestant Union and formed an alliance during the Thirty Years' War with Sweden. Emperor Ferdinand II tried to depose him as ruler of Bayreuth in 1635; however, he continued in office.

Family and children
In Plassenburg on 29 April 1604, Christian married Marie, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia. They had nine children:

 Elisabeth Eleonore (b. Plassenburg, 19 October 1606 – d. Plassenburg, 20 October 1606).
 Georg Frederick (b. and d. Kulmbach, 23 March 1608).
 Anna Maria (b. Bayreuth, 30 December 1609 – d. Ödenburg, 8 May 1680); married on 23 October 1639 to Prince Johann Anton I von Eggenberg.
 Agnes Sophie (b. Bayreuth, 19 July 1611 – d. Bayreuth, 1 December 1611).
 Magdalene Sibylle (b. Bayreuth, 27 October 1612 – d. Dresden, 20 March 1687); married on 13 November 1638 to Elector John George II of Saxony.
 Christian Ernst (b. Bayreuth, 18 November 1613 – d. Bayreuth, 4 February 1614).
 Erdmann August (b. Bayreuth, 8 October 1615 – d. Hof, 6 February 1651), Hereditary Margrave (German: Erbmarkgraf) of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.
 Georg Albrecht (b. Bayreuth, 20 March 1619 – d. Schretz, 27 September 1666), inherited Kulmbach but never reigned.
 Frederick Wilhelm (b. Bayreuth, 11 May 1620 – d. Bayreuth, 12 May 1620).

See also
Ordre de la Concorde

Ancestors 

Bayreuth, Christian, Margrave of
Bayreuth, Christian, Margrave of
Christian
Reed bird

Reed bird may refer to:

 Reed bunting
 Pallas's reed bunting
 Eurasian reed warbler
 Red nose flower bomb

Animal common name disambiguation pages
Cotton Price Stabilization Board

The Cotton Price Stabilization Board (French: Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix du Coton, CSPC) was a Chadian governative board created in 1965. Its task was to stabilize prices paid to peasant producers by funding operating losses incurred by Cotontchad, the parastatal giant that bought, ginned and sold all the cotton produced in Chad. The CSPC also played an important role in the program to improve yields: it is estimated that between 1971 and 1983 57% of all payments by the CSPC were made in conjunction with the program to improve cotton production. As for the funding of the CSPC, between 1971 and 1983, virtually all income to the CSPC derived from rebates paid by Cotontchad into the system. After 1984 the sharply reduced income of Cotontchad made the system for paying the producers heavily dependent on external sources of funds (such as Stabex), while the government completely exempted Cotontchad from the rebates to the CSPC. The difficulties of the CSPC, whose staffs had already been considerably reduced in the late 1980s, came to a head with the great recession that hit the cotton market between 1991 and 1993, leading to the abolition of the board in 1993. It was decided to let the prices paid to the producers fluctuate freely, following the international price of cotton.

References 
1965 in Chad
Economy of Chad
Agricultural organisations based in Chad
Agricultural economics
Cotton organizations
Lacey Robert Johnson

Colonel Lacey Robert Johnson (1855–1915) was a Canadian Pacific Railway pioneer.

Early life and education
Lacey Johnson was born 22 June 1855, in Abingdon-on-Thames, the son of James Lacey Johnson, draper, of Market Place, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England. He was educated at Abingdon School from 1865-1868.

Career
He entered the Great Western Railway works at Swindon (1870), then was chief engineer of paper mills and worked at Woolwich Royal Arsenal (1875).

He first went to India, and then to Canada, where he joined the Grand Trunk Railway (1882) and became chief engineer to the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was photographed in the Press with Lord Strathcona driving the last spike at Craigellachie (November 1885) for the CPR. He was general superintendent of shipping and superintendent of rolling stock at Montreal (1901). A member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, he became president of the Canadian Railway Club, Squire of the Order of St John of Jerusalem and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and the Yukon (1895–96).

Lacey Johnson served in the First World War as Colonel, Canadian Heavy Artillery and was responsible for the munitions output of Canada. He died in Montreal in 1915.

See also
 List of Old Abingdonians

References 

1855 births
1915 deaths
Canadian civil engineers
Canadian Pacific Railway executives
Canadian military personnel of World War I
British people in colonial India
British emigrants to Canada
Grand Trunk Railway executives
Locomotive builders and designers
People from Abingdon-on-Thames
People educated at Abingdon School
19th-century American businesspeople
Military personnel from Oxfordshire
Sofia Land

Sofia Land (София Ленд) was an amusement park in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It was the first true amusement park in the country, as well as one of the largest in Southeastern Europe, and was situated on an area of  in a park close to Sofia Zoo. Construction of the main building began in July 2001 and the park was opened on 21 September 2002.

Sofia Land featured 4 extreme, 8 children's and 11 all-age rides and attractions, a number of bars, restaurants, coffeehouses, clubs, a bowling alley under the park itself, and a gaming station with PlayStation 2 and other games below. There were also many shops and several cinema halls situated in the park's main building, which resembled a castle.

In September 2006, plans to change the owner and close the park were announced. The park was officially closed down on October 16 of the same year.

References

Parks in Sofia
Amusement parks in Bulgaria
Defunct amusement parks
Buildings and structures in Sofia
Tourist attractions in Sofia
Buildings and structures completed in 2002
2002 establishments in Bulgaria
2006 disestablishments in Bulgaria
Peter McKay (Australian politician)

Peter Charles McKay was a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1976 until 1999.

McKay was first elected as an independent member in the Electoral division of Pembroke after his father, Ben McKay died in office. In the ensuing 1976 Pembroke by-election he secured a majority of votes.
 
He became a member of the Liberal Party in 1991, thus becoming only the second Liberal to hold a seat on the Legislative Council. McKay only faced one election as a Liberal member, in 1995, which he won on preferences.

McKay served as Minister for Health during the Rundle government.

External links
 

1948 births
Living people
Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Test d'évaluation du français

The Test d'évaluation du français (TEF) is a test of fluency in French for non-native speakers. It is awarded by the CCIP. It is often required to be admitted into universities and is recognized by the Federal government of Canada as a proof of fluency in immigration procedures.

The test is made up of three mandatory and two optional sections. The reading, listening, grammar and vocabulary sections are mandatory and must be taken together, while the writing and speaking sections are optional and can be taken separately.

NB. The Federal Government of Canada requires both mandatory and optional section for immigration purposes.

External links
 CCIP

French language tests
RigidChips

RigidChips is a rigid body simulator video game developed by Takeya Yasuhiko. Objects and vehicles are constructed by combining parts with a scripting language. The program calculates air and water resistance realistically. Models can be made using any basic text editor or a fan-made 3D editor. 

Planes are controlled by changing the angles of flat pieces much like in a real airplane. Games can be made by assigning scripts to the constructed objects, including multiplayer network games. Using models with gun chips, multiplayer battles are possible.

RigidChips was left without any official support from Takeya Yasuhiko with version v1.5.B26 from August 2006. When Takeya became active again, he announced that RigidChips was "dead" and he is making a similar simulator called "Laputan Blueprints", which is in the proof of concept phase.

Chip types 
The building blocks, called chips for their square shape, are chip, frame, rudder, rudderf, trim, trimf, wheel, reaction less wheel (RLW), jet, arm, and cowl. All chips have an angle, a color, and an option.

Chip
Can be affected by the force of gravity, air resistance, or impact with a wall. Its angle can be changed in a manner similar to a hinge.
Frame
Similar to a chip except that it is hollow and not affected by air resistance. Given the option 1, it is invisible and unaffected by collisions. This applies to all chips of similar architecture.
Rudder
Rotates in a manner similar to a rudder.
RudderF
A rudder, but with the architecture of a frame. 
Arm
A gun mostly used in multiplayer combats. It can be affected by air resistance and gravity. Given different options, the strength of the gun can be changed, along with the time to reload. The proportion is fixed.
Trim
A chip that rotates along the axis it is connected to, like a helicopter blade.
TrimF
A trim, but with the architecture of a frame. 
Weight
A chip that adds weight to the model. It's also proportionally more resistant to bullets, and is commonly used as armor.
Wheel
A wheel used just like a car wheel. Given the option 1 or 2 the wheel will have a larger tire.
RLW
Reacts the same as a wheel, except there is no friction. Used as gyros.
Jet
A jet works similar to that in an airplane or a rocket. Given the option 1 the jet will become a balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas.
Cowl
A purely ornamental piece that is unaffected by physics. Only other cowls can attach to it. Given different options, the shape changes.

External links
Rigid body simulator RigidChips
Laputan blueprints project
RigidChips Modeler (Japanese)
RigidChips Designer (English) - Direct Download Link
"Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps"
"Possibility of Creation"

Freeware games
Lua (programming language)-scripted video games
WMB

WMB may refer to:

 The IATA code for Warrnambool Airport in Australian state of Victoria
 The IBM WebSphere Message Broker software
 The ISO 639 code for the Wambaya language spoken in the Australian Northern Territory
 The Wetzikon–Meilen tramway in the Swiss canton of Zürich
 The Western Mustang Band, a marching band for Western University in London, Ontario, Canada
 The National Rail station code for Wembley Central station in London, England