alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Walter Brom

Walter Henryk Brom (14 January 1921 – 18 June 1968) was a Polish soccer goalkeeper. Brom, who played for Ruch Chorzów, was a reserve player of Polish team in FIFA World Cup 1938. He was (and to this day is) the youngest goalie who has ever been listed in any World Cup finals. In early June 1938, when the tournament took place, he was only 17 years and 4 months old.

Brom did not play in the legendary Poland - Brazil 5-6 match (5 June 1938, Strasbourg, France). He spent the whole game on the bench - Polish goal was guarded by Edward Madejski. He is one of the few players who continued his career after World War II. What is more - only in 1948 did Brom debut in the Poland national football team.

During World War II, Brom was forced to join the Wehrmacht.

See also
 Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

References

External links
 

1921 births
1968 deaths
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Ruch Chorzów players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Chorzów
German military personnel of World War II
Men's association football goalkeepers
Rust (disambiguation)

Rust is an iron oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water.

Rust may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Rust (color), an orange-brown color resembling iron oxide
 Rust (programming language), a systems programming language focused on performance and safety

Plant fungal diseases
 Rust (fungus), a range of diseases caused by fungi of the order Pucciniales
 Stem rust of cereals 
 Brown rust of sugarcane 
 Brown wheat rust, affects cereal crops
 Cedar-hawthorn rust
 Cedar-quince rust
 Common rust of corn 
  Crown rust of oats and ryegrass, affects oat plants and also buckthorn
 Cedar-apple rust, affects apples, pears and hawthorn
 Coffee rust, affects coffee plants
 Japanese apple rust
 Juniper rust, affects hawthorn
 Kern's pear rust
 Orange rust of sugarcane 
 Pacific coast pear rust
 Pear rust
 Soybean rust, a fungal disease affecting soybeans
 Witches broom rust
 Yellow Rust, affects cereal crops.

Places

Europe
 Rust, Baden-Württemberg, a town in Germany
 Europapark Rust, a theme park in Germany
 Rust, Burgenland, in Burgenland, Austria
 Rust im Tullnerfeld, in Lower Austria

United States
 El Cerrito, California, formerly known as Rust 
 Rust Belt, a northeastern region
 Rust Township, Michigan

Arts and entertainment

Films
 Rust (2010 film), a drama bankrolled by the town of Kipling, Saskatchewan, Canada
 Rust (2018 film), a Brazilian film
 Rust (upcoming film), notable for an on-set shooting incident

Music
 RUST (band), a Finnish rock band
 Rust (album), a 2015 album by Harm's Way
 "Rust" (song), a 1999 song by Echo & the Bunnymen
 Rust, a 2003 song by Darkthrone  from the album Hate Them
 "Rust", a 2015 song by Caligula's Horse from the album Bloom
 Rust Records, NY, a former record label

Other
 Rust (video game), a video game developed by Facepunch Studios
 Rust Monster, a fictional monster from the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons

People
 Rust (surname)

See also
 Russ (disambiguation)
 Rusty (disambiguation)
Marian Spoida

Marian Spoida (4 January 1901 - 16 April 1940) was a Polish soccer-player and later a coach. Born on 4 January 1901 in Poznań, he was executed by the Soviet secret services at Lvov on 16 April 1940, aged 39.

Spoida in the 1920s represented both Warta Poznań and the Poland national team. Later, he became a trainer and together with Józef Kałuża, went to Strasbourg, France, to coach Poland in its FIFA World Cup 1938 5-6 game vs. Brazil (5 June 1938).

See also
Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938

References

External links

1901 births
1940 deaths
Footballers from Poznań
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) participants
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Poland
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Warta Poznań players
Warta Poznań managers
Executed people from Greater Poland Voivodeship
Men's association football midfielders
Polish military personnel killed in World War II
Jerusalem Film Festival

The Jerusalem Film Festival (, ) is an international film festival held annually in Jerusalem,  It was established in 1984 by the Director of the Jerusalem Cinematheque and Israeli Film Archive, Lia Van Leer, and has since become the main Israeli event for filmmakers and enthusiasts. Over the course of ten days every summer, over 200 films from 60 countries are screened at the Festival, along with a variety of special events, panels, and meetings with prominent local and international filmmakers, as well as professional industry workshops and events.

History

The Festival was established by Israel Prize recipient and founder of the Jerusalem Cinematheque and Israeli Film Archive, Lia Van Leer. After being invited to serve on the jury at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival, Van Leer decided to create Israel's first international film festival. Already in its very first year, the Festival had the honor of hosting key cinematic figures such as  Jeanne Moreau, Lillian Gish, Warren Beatty and John Schlesinger.

Since 2005, the Festival has included the Pitch Point,  a platform for Israeli artists to present their full-length feature projects in stages of development and production, to select members of the international film industry. This allows local filmmakers to create international networks of communication, expand financing and resources, and promote co-productions and potential collaborations.

Festival Competitions 

The Festival spotlights Israeli cinema, with competitions carrying the largest awards, exposes local art to international journalists and professionals, screens Israeli premieres along with retrospectives and new restorations of the finest Israeli films. Through these competitions, nearly 10 million dollars in prizes have been awarded to Israeli filmmakers in the fields of feature, documentary, student, and short films.

Awards for Israeli Cinema 
The Festival awards prizes for best international films. Other prizes are the In the Spirit of Freedom Award for cinematic pieces dealing with man's constant strife for justice and freedom, the Intersections prize competition for experimental film, the International Debut Award, the Jewish Experience Award for films dealing with issues of Jewish identity and history, and the Wim van Leer Award for High School Students.

List of Wolgin / Haggiag Prize Recipients for Full-Length Feature Films

Opening Event at Sultan's Pool 
The Jerusalem Film Festival holds its traditional opening event at Sultan's Pool in the presence of film enthusiasts, public dignitaries, and invited guests.

See also
Culture of Israel
Cinema of Israel

References

External links
Official site

Film festivals in Israel
Festivals in Jerusalem
Tourist attractions in Jerusalem
1984 establishments in Israel
Film festivals established in 1984
China Spring, Texas

China Spring is a census-designated place in northwestern McLennan County, Texas, United States. It lies approximately twelve miles northwest of Waco, on Farm-to-Market Road 1637, and is part of the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Settlement of the area began as early as 1860, and the community was founded in 1867. It was named for a spring in a chinaberry grove. A post office was established there in May 1873 with Charles S. Eichelberger as postmaster. By the early 1880s, the community had 200 residents with five steam cotton gins and gristmills, three general stores and a Methodist church. Cotton, corn, and wool were the principal products of the area.  Early families in the area included the Worthams, Congers, Garretts, Higginbothams, Talberts, and Eichelbergers.

China Spring became the focus of a rural school district in the late 1920s. Two churches, a school, and many houses marked the community on topographic maps of the mid-1970s.

Demographics

The population for the year 2000 was reported at 4,087. By 2010, the population was estimated at 5,151. In 2005, the estimated median household income was $53,900 and the estimated median house/condo was $119,100.

Notable person

Musician Ted Nugent owns a ranch in the area.

Education
China Spring Independent School District serves area students.

External links

Unincorporated communities in Texas
Unincorporated communities in McLennan County, Texas
Census-designated places in Texas
Census-designated places in McLennan County, Texas
Populated places established in 1867
Herbert G. Lewin

Herbert G. Lewin (June 22, 1914 – March 18, 2010) was a third-party candidate Internationalist Workers Party for President of the United States in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. His running mate was Vikki Murdock from California. They won approximately 10,370 votes, 9,953 of them from New Jersey. He was a union activist for the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America.

Lewin had previously run for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1950 as the candidate of the Militant Worker Party coming in last place with 841 votes versus the 1.7 million of John S. Fine. Lewin ran in 1956 for United States Senator from Pennsylvania winning 2,640 votes against the 2.2 million votes for Joseph S. Clark.

After his retirement, Lewin, a machinist with Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Lester (PA) Steam Turbine Division, served as a substitute teacher in Philadelphia's vocational public high schools.

He died on March 18, 2010, at the age of 95 from heart failure.

References 

 "Historical Election Statistics" Pennsylvania Department of General Services (PDF)
 David Grann "The Infiltrators: What You Don't Know About Lenora Fulani Could Hurt You" The New Republic, December 13, 1999

1914 births
2010 deaths
American trade unionists
Socialist Workers Party (United States) politicians from Pennsylvania
Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
Poly Technologies

Poly Technologies (), sometimes abbreviated as PolyTech, a subsidiary of China Poly Group Corporation, is a trade company with headquarters in Beijing, China. The company deals with missiles and other military products. The company was founded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army in order to provide competition to China North Industries Corporation (Norinco). The company is one of China's largest arms exporters and has been sanctioned by the United States. Poly Technologies has supplied gunpowder to Russian ammunition manufacturers following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

As a traditional pillar industry of Poly Group Corp., the international trading business is mainly undertaken by Poly Technologies Inc., both the predecessor of the Poly Group and a backbone enterprise of the Group. Founded in 1984, it is mainly engaged in the import and export business of general merchandise, special equipment, and technology. Poly Group has established business relations with hundreds of enterprises and governmental organizations of nearly 100 countries and regions, including many multinational corporations such as Boeing of the United States, Bombardier Inc. of Canada, Chevron - Texaco of the United States, Benz of Germany, Ferrari of Italy, State Corporation 'Rosoboronexport' and Japanese Sagawa Logistic Co., Ltd. It has also established cooperative relations with domestic government departments and many noted companies.

Military activity 
Poly Technologies was involved in the shipment of weapons (specifically SALW – Small Arms and Light Weapons) to Zimbabwe around the time of the 2008 Election Crisis, and was then refused entry into South African Ports shortly before docking.

Poly Technologies developed the LANU-M1 vehicle-mounted counter-unmanned aerial vehicle system, designed to be mounted on the roofs of vehicles.

In February 2023, the Center for Advanced Defense Studies reported that customs data showed that Poly Technologies shipped navigation equipment to Rosoboronexport for Mil Mi-17 helicopters following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In June 2023, Import Genius identified Poly Technologies as having supplied Russian ammunition manufacturer Barnaul Cartridge Plant with enough smokeless powder to make at least 80 million rounds of ammunition.

Products 
Polytech is notable in North America as an early supplier of semi-automatic AK-47-style weapons to civilians. These modifications of Type 56 assault rifle were available in both 5.56 NATO and 7.62 Soviet ammunition, and have been described as "well-made" by Ian McCollum of Forgotten Weapons. Other mainly civilian offerings include versions of the Zijiang M99 as well as M14 (M305) and M16 (CQ-A) clones similar to Norinco's. These three are seen in the Canadian list of prohibited firearms.

Subsidiaries
 Continental Mariner 
 Lolliman, LTD.
 Ringo Trading Company

References

External links

China Poly Group
Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Manufacturing companies established in 1984
Chinese companies established in 1984
China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Fujifilm FinePix A350

The Fujifilm FinePix A345 and A350 are entry-level digital point-and-shoot cameras. They feature 3x optical zoom, a resolution of 4.1 and 5.2 megapixels respectively, and 320x240 (at 15fps) movie recording with sound capabilities.

Transferring pictures
The camera has a number of ways to transfer pictures.

 The XD-Picture Card (up to 512 MB) can be removed and inserted into a computer, printer, or other device that accepts such cards.
 Media can be transferred via USB with the supplied USB adapter or cable (or any USB cable with a USB-A connector on one end, and a mini-B connector on the other) to a computer, via DSC mode.
 Media can be transferred via USB to devices that support PTP while the camera is in PictBridge mode.
 Media can be displayed/recorded by any device that has standard A/V RCA connections (i.e. nearly any modern television, VCR, PVR, etc.)

Boxed materials
Included with a retail purchase of the camera are:
 The camera itself.
 A 16Mb XD-Picture Card
 A video adapter cable
 A USB adapter cable
 Software CD for Windows and Macintosh
 Documents:
 A 93 page manual
 Quickstart page in English
 Quickstart page in Spanish
 Safety instructions page
 Registration card
 Sample "real pictures" advertisement

Sample pictures

References and notes

External links
 Official site information about the A350
 product information page
 Technical Specifications
 Brochure (PDF)

A350
Point-and-shoot cameras
Digital cameras with CCD image sensor
American Social Science Association

In 1865, at Boston, Massachusetts, a society for the study of social questions was organized and given the name  American Social Science Association. The group grew to where its membership totaled about 1,000 persons. About 30 corresponding members were located in Europe. It published annually the  Journal of Social Science and The International Journal of Social Sciences World (TIJOSSW).

Members of the group worked in five departments:  
 Education and art
 Health
 Trade and finance
 Social economy
 Jurisprudence
 Language and Culture
 Multidisciplinary of Social Sciences

In 1898, the society founded the National Institute of Arts and Letters which developed into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
In 1912, the society founded the National Institute of Social Sciences which absorbed the ASSA in 1928.

Notable people
 Lucy M. Hall (1843-1907), physician, writer; Vice President of the ASSA
 Franklin Benjamin Sanborn (1831-1917), one of the founders and recording secretary 1865–1897

See also
 American Association for the Promotion of Social Science (est.1865), predecessor to the ASSA
 National Institute of Social Sciences (est. 1912)

References

Further reading
 Free public libraries: suggestions on their foundation and administration, with a selected list of books. Pemberton Square, Boston: American Social Science Association, 1871
 : history of the ASSA and its incorporation 

Social Science Association, American
Social Science Association, American
Social sciences organizations
Scientific organizations established in 1865
Albertine

Albertine may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Albertine (Krohg novel), an 1886 novel by Christian Krohg
 Albertine i politilægens venteværelse (Albertine at the Police Doctor's Waiting Room), an 1887 painting by Krohg 
 Albertine (Rose novel), a 2002 novel by Jacqueline Rose
 Albertine (album), a 2006 album by Brooke Fraser
 "Albertine" (song), a song from the album 
 Albertine Simonet, a character in Marcel Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time

People
 Albertin di Virga, 15th-century Venetian cartographer
 Albertine Necker de Saussure (1766–1841), Swiss writer and educationalist
 Albertine Sarrazin (1937–1967), French author
 Albertine Zullo (born 1967), professionally known simply as Albertine, Swiss illustrator
 Viv Albertine (born 1954), Australian-born British singer and songwriter
 Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1713–1761)
 Albertine, Baroness Staël von Holstein (1797-1838)

Other uses
 Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift
 Albertine Brothers, a Catholic congregation of religious brothers 
 Albertine Wettins, a branch of the House of Wettin family
 Albertine, a French nickname for the Royal Library of Belgium

See also
Albert (disambiguation)
Albertina (disambiguation)
Albertine Statute, the constitution that Charles Albert of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia in Italy in 1848
Hippolyte Destailleur

Hippolyte Destailleur (27 September 1822 – 17 November 1893) was a French architect, interior designer, and collector. He is noted for his designs and restoration work for great châteaux in France and in England, as well as his collection of books, prints, and drawings, covering French artists of the 18th and 19th centuries, much of which is now in the Cabinet des Estampes of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (Destailleur Collection).

Early life and career 
Born Hippolyte-Alexandre-Gabriel-Walter Destailleur in Paris, he was the son of François-Hippolyte Destailleur (born Paris, 22 March 1787; died Paris, 15 February 1852), also a noted French architect, who studied with Charles Percier and became architect to the Ministère de la Justice in 1819. Hippolyte studied with François-René Leclère at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1842–1846), after which he worked with his father and with Étienne-Hippolyte Godde. In 1853 he became the head of the family practice and succeeded his father at the Ministère de la Justice.

Later career 

Hippolyte Destailleur became a fashionable architect, catering to rich and titled clients. He mimicked French styles of the 16th to 18th centuries, distinguishing himself from many of his contemporaries, who favored medieval, Italian Renaissance, or antique models. Among his creations were: Rococo Revival interiors for the Hôtel de Pourtalès in Paris (1865); the reconstruction of Pless Castle (1870–1876); the town house of  in Berlin (1874–1876); and the Palais Rothschild of Baron Albert de Rothschild in Vienna (1876–1882).

He is one of the best-known foreign architects to have worked in 19th century England, where he designed Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire for Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild (1874–1882) and the Imperial Mausoleum at Saint Michael's Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire.

He oversaw the designwork and restoration of the Château de Courances and Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte beginning in 1875. He designed the Hôtel de Béhague in Paris (1866–1867) and the Château de Franconville in Oise for the Duc de Massa (1880–1885).

His son Walter-André Destailleur was also an architect, who built the Château de Trévarez.

Hippolyte Destailleur died in Paris.

References 
Notes

Sources
 Midant, Jean-Paul (1996). "Destailleur. French family of architects.", vol. 8, pp. 816–817, in The Dictionary of Art, edited by Jane Turner, reprinted with minor corrections in 1998. New York: Grove. .
 Middleton, R. D. (1982). "Destailleur, Hippolyte-Alexandre-Gabriel", vol. 1, pp. 567–568, in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects, 4 volumes, edited by Adolf K. Placzek. London: The Free Press. .

Further reading

External links 
 Waddesdon Manor official website
Destailleur in the Waddesdon Collection

1822 births
1893 deaths
Architects from Paris
French bibliophiles
19th-century French architects
Waddesdon Manor
Collectors from Paris
Westchester Film Festival

The Westchester Film Festival  (or Westchester County Film Festival) is an annual film festival held in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is a non-profit organization. The festival features premieres and screenings of new, independent films. It screens dramatic and documentary feature films, international films, short films and student films and presents Jury and Audience awards in many categories.

Controversy 
The festival's selection criteria came under fire in February 2007 when Westchester filmmaker John Fitzgerald accused the festival jury of a dishonest film selection process. In an email exchange with festival director Iris Stevens, Fitzgerald contended that his film had a strong Westchester connection with all nine crew members hailing from Westchester County as well as numerous positive reviews. He pointed out that his film The Emerald Diamond - a documentary about the Irish National Baseball Team - had been positively reviewed by numerous media outlets including The New York Times and National Public Radio, yet it somehow was not up to the small festival's standards. In her reply, Stevens indicated that one of the accepted documentaries (DeMatteo) had initially been rejected by the jury, but was given a special screening because the film had connections in the Westchester County Film Office, thus proving the festival's confusingly political selection process. Fitzgerald countered by requesting a similar special screening for The Emerald Diamond, given its strong ties to Westchester County and the local publicity that would be generated for the festival, given that it was to be held in the week before St. Patrick's Day. The festival declined.

Film festivals in New York (state)
Film festival
List of mayors of Varna

This is a chronological list of mayors of Varna, the third largest city of Bulgaria, since that post was established after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878.

References
Mayors of Varna. Varna municipal website, accessed 4 April 2006.

See also
 List of mayors of Sofia
 List of mayors of Plovdiv
 List of mayors of Pleven

Varna
Embassy of the United States, Paris

The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the French Republic. The embassy is the oldest diplomatic mission of the United States. Benjamin Franklin and some of the other Founding Fathers were the earliest United States Ambassadors to France. The chancery building is located at 2 , on the northwest corner of the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.

Buildings
The U.S. State Department owns three buildings in Paris to support its diplomatic, consular, trade and cultural activities, which are: the chancery building, the Hôtel de Talleyrand and the Hôtel de Pontalba (ambassador's residence). More details about the latter two buildings can be found in the Secretary of State's Register of Culturally Significant Property.

Chancery
The four-story chancery building, housing the ambassador's office, faces Avenue Gabriel and the gardens of the Champs-Élysées; it is beside the Hôtel de Crillon. It was built in 1931, following the demolition of an existing building, the Hôtel Grimod de La Reynière.  Designed by Delano & Aldrich – an American architectural firm based in New York City, New York – along with French architect Victor Laloux, the building has a façade that conforms with other buildings on the Place de la Concorde, as required by French law.

Hôtel de Talleyrand

The , also called the Talleyrand building, at 2 rue Saint-Florentin formerly housed the American Embassy Consular Services, Public and Cultural Affairs offices, several other government agencies, and the George C. Marshall Center. Most of these offices were subsequently moved to the chancery building.  Constructed in 1769 as a private residence, the property was acquired in 1812 by Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, who owned it until his death in 1838. It was then purchased by the banker James Mayer de Rothschild, whose family owned it for over a century, until 1950, when it was acquired by the U.S. government.

Ambassador's residence

The nearby property at 41 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, known as the Hôtel de Pontalba, was built by Louis Visconti for the New Orleans–born  Baroness Micaela Almonester de Pontalba between 1842 and 1855. Edmond James de Rothschild acquired the building in 1876. His estate sold it in 1948 to the U.S. government, and today it is the residence of the U.S. Ambassador to France.

U.S. representatives in France

As of December 18, 2017, sixty-six people had represented, in France, the interests of the United States (or individual states prior to the 1789 ratification of the U.S. Constitution) as envoy, minister plenipotentiary, minister, ambassador or chargé d'affaires.

See also 
 Diplomatic rank
 France – United States relations
 French Embassy, Washington, D.C.
 List of diplomatic missions of the United States
 Place des États-Unis

References

External links

 

Buildings and structures in the 8th arrondissement of Paris
United States
Paris
France–United States relations
Guaimar I of Salerno

Guaimar I (also Waimar, Gaimar, or Guaimario) (c. 855 – 901) was the prince of Salerno from 880, when his father entered the monastery of Monte Cassino in August. His parents were Prince Guaifer and Landelaica, daughter of Lando I of Capua. From 877, he was associated with his father on the throne, a practice which had begun with the previous dynasty and continued until the end of Salernitan independence in 1078.

He came to the assistance of the Emperor Charles the Bald against the Saracens in 877, but Charles did not do any fighting before leaving Italy. The Saracens settled in Agropoli in 881 and threatened Salerno itself. Besides Saracens, Guaimar also had to fight the duke-bishop Athanasius of Naples, who was ruling over Capua, technically a Salernitan vassal. In 886, he travelled with Lando II of Capua to Constantinople and did homage, returning in 887 with the title of patrician from the emperor.  He received a contingent of mercenaries and returned to ward off the Saracen menace.

Benevento had fallen under Byzantine control by that time and Guaimar married Itta, daughter of Guy II of Spoleto, and sister of Guy IV of Spoleto.  Guy, with the prince's aid, reconquered Benevento in 895, increasing the prestige of Guaimar, whom he offered to make regent of Benevento. It is not certain whether Guaimar accepted, but he tried to assassinate the gastald of Avellino, Adelferio, and was taken prisoner with his wife whatever the case. Guy had to come down and besiege the town to rescue him.  He returned to Salerno disgraced.

In 893, Guaimar had made his son, also Guaimar, co-prince, and it was he who ruled Salerno in the elder Guaimar's absence. Upon the elder prince's return, a Neapolitan faction in the city, supported by Athanasius, revolted, but the two Guaimars put it down and the elder, like his father before him, retired (or was forced by his son) to a monastery, San Massimo, Guaifer's foundation, in 900 or 901, dying soon after. The chronicles of his reign describe him in despotic terms and he does not seem to have been popular, despite the later popularity of his name within the dynasty his father founded.

References
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LX Grosso – Guglielmo da Forlì. Rome, 2003.
Lexikon des Mittelalters VIII.1932

850s births
901 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Lombard warriors
Guaimar 1
9th-century Lombard people
Battle of Amblève

The Battle of Amblève took place in 716 near Amel. The mayor of the palace of Austrasia, Charles Martel, defeated his Neustrian and Frisian rivals who were led by King Chilperic II, his mayor Ragenfrid, and Redbad, King of the Frisians. It was the first major victory of Martel in a long career of victories. In this battle Martel began demonstrating the military genius which would mark the remainder of his life.

History
Following his defeat at Cologne, Martel rallied his supporters in the mountains of the Eifel. Many Austrasians, under attack by Neustrians, Frisians, and Saxons in the northeast likely rallied behind Martel because he was the only surviving adult male of the Pippinnid family. His forces then attacked the army of Chilperic II and his allies at the Battle of Amblève near Amel as they returned triumphantly from Cologne. Martel used a feigned retreat, falling on his foes as they rested at midday, and feigning falling back to draw them fully out of a defensive position, where he defeated them. According to the Annals of Metz the casualties he inflicted on his foes were substantial. Martel remained undefeated until his death 25 years later.

Subsequently, Martel recovered much of the ransom paid by Plectrude to the king and Ragenfrid for Cologne.

A "feigned retreat," which became famous as one of the Mongols' three favorite tactics, is one of the most difficult to perform during a battle, requiring discipline on the part of the troops and good timing on the part of the commander. The tactic involves getting troops to appear to flee only to reverse and stand once they have lured an opponent out of a stronger position, and have usually strung them out in pursuit, where they are easily picked off.  Martel was the only general known to use it during the Dark Ages.

Notes

References
Bachrach, Bernard S. (2000). Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire. University of Pennsylvania Press.  
Bennett, Bradsbury, Devries, Dickie and Jestice, Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World 
Davies, Wendy and Fouracre, Paul (2002). Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
Halsall, Guy (2003). Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West 450-900. London: Routledge. 

Ambleve
Amblève
Amblève
716
Amel
8th century in Francia
Battle
Charles Martel
Ron Bellamy

"Rockin'" Ronald Lee Bellamy (born December 13, 1964) is an American professional boxer.  He is the half-brother of former NBA center Walt Bellamy.  Ron also started his career in basketball, playing collegiately at UNC-Charlotte and professionally in New Zealand and Europe.

At age 35, with his basketball playing days over, Bellamy entered a career as a professional boxer.  In his career, he has amassed a record of 14 wins (9 knockouts), 5 losses, and 4 draws.  Bellamy was the opponent in Joe Mesi's comeback bout on April 1, 2006, and he lost to Mesi by unanimous decision.

References

External links
 

1964 births

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American male boxers
Zimbabwe International Film Festival

The Zimbabwe International Film Festival  (abbreviated as ZIFF) is an annual ten-day film festival held in Zimbabwe in August or September. Instituted in 1998, it is organised by the Zimbabwe International Film Festival Trust (ZIFFT), a non-profit organisation. The festival is a non-political competitive platform that provides a showcase of feature films, documentary films and short films, as well as providing workshops and other cultural events.

References

External links
 

Film festivals in Zimbabwe
1998 establishments in Zimbabwe
Recurring events established in 1998
Annual events in Zimbabwe
Festivals in Zimbabwe
Hemingway Corner

Hemingway Corner was a Canadian-American folk pop group, active in the 1990s.

Biography
The group was formed in 1992 by two established singer-songwriters, David Martin and Johnny Douglas. Martin, from Atlanta, Georgia, was a musician and songwriter who lived in Nashville before moving to Los Angeles.  Douglas, from Toronto, Ontario, was working as a session songwriter in Nashville. The two met while writing songs for Sony Music and released their self-titled debut album in 1993.  They had hits on the Canadian pop charts with "Man on a Mission" and "Love, Love, Love", and received a Juno Award nomination for Best New Group in 1996.  Choosing to return to his independent songwriting work, Douglas left the band the following year and later started another band called Beat Prophets.

While working on a Neil Young tribute album, Borrowed Tunes, the Skydiggers introduced Martin to Scott Dibble (from the Toronto band Watertown) and Mark Sterling from Edmonton. They recorded a cover of "Tell Me Why" for the tribute album as a newly revamped Hemingway Corner.  With some material already written by Dibble and Sterling, the band released a follow-up album, Under the Big Sky in 1995. The band initially supported the album by touring as an opening act for Jann Arden in 1995, during which Dibble would also perform as the duet vocalist on Arden's hit "Unloved". Three more singles, "Big Sky", "Tell Me Why" and "Watch Over You", were successful on the charts before the band dissolved in late 1996. "Watch Over You" received a SOCAN Award in 1997 as one of the ten most-played Canadian songs on radio that year.

They reunited in 2010 to record the album Speed of Life.

Martin is still an active songwriter, having penned tunes for Edwin, including co-writing the hit "Alive" from Edwin's debut Another Spin Around the Sun, playing on the follow-up album Edwin & the Pressure, and writing for country singer Tara Lyn Hart.

Mark Sterling is also actively songwriting, having released three solo albums including his self-titled debut (1996), The Well (1999) and Take From It What You Need (2009). He also worked with young country singer Adam Gregory for his debut album The Way I'm Made.

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
Musical groups from Toronto
Canadian country music groups
Canadian folk rock groups
Canadian musical duos
1992 establishments in Ontario
1996 disestablishments in Ontario
Production and Labour

Production and Labour () is a minor peronist political party in San Juan Province, Argentina. Its founder and leader is Roberto Basualdo, who is currently a sitting National Senator and was a National Deputy from 2001 to 2005. The party was formed in 2005 ahead of the legislative election in San Juan, where it became the first minority in the provincial Senate. It is currently part of the Juntos por el Cambio coalition.

In addition to the Senate, the party also counts with representation in the Chamber of Deputies through deputy Marcelo Orrego, elected in 2019. Orrego sits in the Juntos por el Cambio parliamentary group.

References

Political parties established in 2005
2005 establishments in Argentina
Peronist parties and alliances in Argentina
Provincial political parties in Argentina
Labour parties
Sacred Union

The Sacred Union (, ) was a political truce in France in which the left-wing agreed, during World War I, not to oppose the government or call any strikes. Made in the name of patriotism, it stood in opposition to the pledge made by the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) internationalism, and its former leader Jean Jaurès, not to enter any "bourgeois war." Although an important part of the socialist movement joined the Union sacrée, some trade unionists such as Pierre Monatte opposed it.

On 3 August 1914, Germany declared war on France. The next day, Prime Minister Rene Viviani read an address written by the President of the French Republic, Raymond Poincaré:
 
("In the coming war, France will be heroically defended by all its sons, whose sacred union will not break in the face of the enemy").

This political movement may have been an attempt to create solidarity during a time when the largely pacifist French Socialist Party threatened a general strike, while many French Catholics felt slighted by a 1905 law separating church and state. Elements of nationalism, that the Germans attacked rather than the French, anti-German propaganda, and a desire to regain the former French territory of Alsace-Moselle may have provided further impetus for the movement.

See also 
 Burgfriedenspolitik, German equivalent
 União Sagrada, Portuguese equivalent
 Gerd Krumeich: Burgfrieden/Union sacrée, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

References 

France in World War I
Political history of France
World War I
French Third Republic
De Groeve

De Groeve is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 15 km southeast of Groningen.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1285 as Growe, and means "dug canal" which refers to the  Oostermoersche Vaart which is connected to the Zuidlaardermeer. The canal was dug by the monks of the Aduard Abbey to transport peat. The village used to be known as Midlaarderveen as well.

De Groeve was home to 99 people in 1840. The polder mill Boezemvriend was built in 1871. In 1934, an electric motor was installed, and the wind mill started to decay. The outside was restored between 1962 and 1963, however it was unable to function. In 1990, it was restored on the inside. 

In 1955, the pumping station Oostermoer was constructed. It used to contain two diesel engines and one electric motor. In 1994, one of the diesel engines was replaced by an electric motor. The pumping station can pump  per minute.

A wooden building called "Post Hotel" was built in 1950 to intercept radio messages from the Warsaw Pact. In 1980, it became obsolete and since 2011 houses a youth centre.

Gallery

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Zuidlaarderveen

Zuidlaarderveen is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 17 km northeast of Assen.

The village was first mentioned around 1642 as "op Suitlarerveen", and means "peat excavation settlement of Zuidlaren". In 1262, the land was sold to the Aduard Abbey to excavate the peat and cultivate the land.  In 1680, there was a dispute between the province of Groningen and Drenthe about the ownership of the area around Zuidlaarderveen. In 1713, a deal was reached about the border, and the village became part of Drenthe. The village started to develop in the 19th century. Zuidlaarderveen was home to 231 people 1840.

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
U.S. Route 6 in Colorado

U.S. Highway 6 (US 6) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that travels from Bishop, California, to Provincetown, Massachusetts. In the U.S. state of Colorado, US 6 is an east–west highway stretching from Utah to Nebraska. Much of the route overlaps other highways in Colorado, and, as a result, much of US 6 is unsigned.

Route description

US 6 is concurrent with Interstate 70 (I-70) for a significant portion of its length from the Utah state line to Denver. When the highway enters the western Denver suburbs, US 6 coincidentally aligns with 6th Avenue in the grid system, where it is known as 6th Avenue Freeway. Once it reaches I-25, US 6 travels north briefly, then follows I-76 for most of its length east of Denver. It is unsigned while it is overlapped. The highest altitude along US 6 is  at Loveland Pass, where it crosses the Continental Divide. It continues down the Clear Creek valley until it reaches I-70, where it is briefly overlapped until I-70 leaves the Clear Creek valley. US 6 continues down Clear Creek and into Denver, where it turns into a freeway with six lanes. East of Denver, it continues east while joined with I-76 until it reaches Sterling, where it diverges from the Interstate. The last town in Colorado through which it passes is Holyoke.

History

Major intersections

References

External links

Colorado Highways: US 6

06
 Colorado
U.S. Route 06 in Colorado
Transportation in Mesa County, Colorado
Transportation in Garfield County, Colorado
Transportation in Eagle County, Colorado
Transportation in Summit County, Colorado
Transportation in Clear Creek County, Colorado
Transportation in Jefferson County, Colorado
Transportation in Denver
Transportation in Adams County, Colorado
Transportation in Weld County, Colorado
Transportation in Morgan County, Colorado
Transportation in Logan County, Colorado
Transportation in Phillips County, Colorado
Midlaren

Midlaren is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 14 km southeast of Groningen.

History 
The village was first mentioned between 1298 and 1304 as "in Middelare". Mid (middle) has been added to distinguish between Noordlaren and Zuidlaren. In the 12th century, "tribus Laribus" was recorded which means "the three Larens". "Laar" means "open forest". Midlaren is an esdorp without a church which developed in the Early Middle Ages. There are remains of two brinks (village squares).

Midlaren was home to 73 people in 1840. Pavilion De Bloemert was built in 1935 in functionalist style in reinforced concrete. The summer residence Villa Meerwijk was destroyed by fire in 1945 and only the park remains.

Dolmen 
There are two hunebedden (dolmen) in Midlaren.  and  are a pair located next to farms on a public road. They are near complete: all the capstones are present and only two side stones are missing. They have never been restored, however some cracks have been filled in with concrete. They are photogenic dolmen due to the nearby farms and the oak trees which overshadow the stones. One farm was purchased by  in 2001, and in 2003, pottery and artefacts were discovered under the floor of the barn.

Gallery

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Paterswolde

Paterswolde is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 8 km south of city of Groningen. Paterswolde and Eelde has merged into a single urban area, and are often referred to as Eelde-Paterswolde, however they remain separate villages.

A small part of the village, on the south end of the lake , lies in the province of Groningen, in the municipality of Groningen.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1408 as Potterwolt, and means "the woods of Potter (person)". Paterswolde is a road village from the Early Middle Ages which started to develop when peat was excavation in the nearby raised bog.

During the 18th and 19th century, villas and estates were built in Paterswolde mainly by nobility and industrialists from the city of Groningen.

Paterswolde was home to 795 people in 1840. The  and the  became a water sports and recreational area during the 20th century. Between 1955 and 1956, the Assumption of Mary Church was built in Paterswolde.

Gallery

References

External links 

Groningen (city)
Tynaarlo
Populated places in Drenthe
Populated places in Groningen (province)
Eelderwolde

Eelderwolde is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 5 km south of Groningen.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1442 as "to Eelderwolde", and means "woods of Eelde".

Eelderwolde was home to 34 people in 1840. In 1973, a recreation area is developed near Eelderwolde. It was expanded in 1983, and in 1987, a Scandinavian village with sauna was added. Since 2006, the neighbourhood Ter Borch is being developed with will ultimately consists of 1,250 houses.

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Countdown to Doom

Countdown to Doom is a text adventure game written by Peter Killworth for the BBC Micro and published by Acornsoft in 1982. It is set on the planet Doomawangara, which is coyly shortened to "Doom". An Acorn Electron version was released in 1984 but only as a ROM cartridge for the Plus 1 expansion. This was the only game released exclusively as a ROM cart for the Electron. There are two sequels, both published by Topologika: Return to Doom and Last Days of Doom.

Topologika rereleased Countdown to Doom in 1987, expanding the scope of the game by about 50%. It was published for the BBC Micro, Acorn Electron, ZX Spectrum, IBM PC compatibles, Amstrad CPC, Amstrad PCW, Atari ST, and RM Nimbus. A RISC OS version was published in a compilation with Return to Doom and Philosopher's Quest.

Plot
The player's spaceship crash-lands on Doom's inhospitable surface and they emerge from the wreckage to realise that, unless they can locate the necessary spare parts, their ship will corrode away in a mere 400 time units.

External links
 
 Countdown to Doom at Spectrum Computing

1980s interactive fiction
1982 video games
Acorn Archimedes games
Acornsoft games
Amstrad CPC games
Amstrad PCW games
Atari ST games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
DOS games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
Single-player video games
Donderen

Donderen is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 10 km north of Assen.

The village was first mentioned in 1276 as "Sigheri de Dunren". The etymology is unclear. Donderen was home to 267 people in 1840.

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Bunne

Bunne is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 11 km south of Groningen.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1206 or 1207 as Bonne. It could either mean "settlement of Bunne (person) or "settlement on a height". Bunne developed as an esdorp. There used to be a small nun monastery in the village called "Het Huys van Bunne".

Bunne was home to 110 people in 1840. In 1896, a cooperative dairy factory opened in the village. It closed in 1968, and was converted into a metal construction company in 1971. The chimney was demolished in 1980.

Notable people 
  (1949-2020), racing cyclist

Gallery

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Winde

Winde is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Tynaarlo, and lies about 10 km south of Groningen.

The village was first mentioned in 1338 as de Winde. The etymology is unclear. Winde was home to 53 people in 1840.

References

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo
Yde

Yde () is a village in the municipality of Tynaarlo in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. It lies about 11 km south of Groningen. Yde is twinned with De Punt as Yde-De Punt, however both remain separate villages.

Yde is known as the location near to where the bog body of the Yde Girl was discovered in 1897 and whose long hair has remained. She was strangled, and is on display in the Drents Museum.

The village was first mentioned 1206 as Ide. The etymology is unclear. Yde was home to 258 people in 1840. During World War II, there was a forced labour camp near Yde which mainly consisted of people arrest in neighbouring Friesland. The labourers had to build a defence line.

Gallery

References

External links 
 
 www.ydedepunt.com

Populated places in Drenthe
Tynaarlo